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Infosys Ltd – ‘20-F/A’ for 3/31/01 – EX-13.1

On:  Thursday, 5/10/01, at 3:58pm ET   ·   For:  3/31/01   ·   Accession #:  1012870-1-500703   ·   File #:  0-25383

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  As Of                Filer                Filing    For·On·As Docs:Size              Issuer               Agent

 5/10/01  Infosys Ltd                       20-F/A      3/31/01    2:717K                                   Donnelley R R & S… 13/FA

Amendment to Annual Report of a Foreign Private Issuer   —   Form 20-F
Filing Table of Contents

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: 20-F/A      Amendment No. 1 to Form 20-F                           2     15K 
 2: EX-13.1     Infosys Annual Rpt. for Fiscal 2001                  205   1.22M 


EX-13.1   —   Infosys Annual Rpt. for Fiscal 2001
Exhibit Table of Contents

Page (sequential) | (alphabetic) Top
 
11st Page   -   Filing Submission
26Additional information to shareholders
"Corporate governance
39Risk Management
67Committee
119Other income
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Exhibit 13.1 Infosys - Technology at work The future depends on what we do in the present. Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) [GRAPHIC] ------------------------------------------------------------ History is replete with instances of technological breakthroughs that have forever altered the course of humanity. The digital revolution has brought about unprecedented improvements in the price-performance equation for both information storage and processing power. The explosion of the Internet has revolutionized information availability and exchange, and has also spurred extraordinary innovations in business processes and commerce. Today, physical boundaries are becoming increasingly irrelevant and information technology is a boardroom imperative in corporations across the globe. Enhanced communication capabilities, ubiquitous information access, and real-time decision-making have contributed immensely to the rise of organizations that transcend national boundaries. We, at Infosys, believe that technological developments in the areas of enterprise solutions, embedded software, optical networking and convergence will continue to radically impact every one of us. These developments will spur new ways of doing business, help companies increase their focus on consumer needs, and facilitate innovations in the form of hi-tech products and services. This year, we bring you a collection of some of our projects that showcase the impact of leading-edge technologies on business.
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Contents ________________________________________________________________________________ The year at a glance Awards for excellence - 2000-2001 Letter to the shareholders Infosys - Technology at work Directors' report Risk management Corporate governance Audit committee charter Report of the committees of the board Auditors' report Financial statements prepared in accordance with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Indian GAAP) Balance sheet Profit and loss account Schedules Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations Statements of cash flows Balance sheet abstract and company's general business profile Financial statements prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) Summary of consolidated financial data Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations Report of management Independent auditors' report Balance sheets Statements of income Statements of stockholders' equity Statements of cash flows Notes to financial statements Information in Form 20-F of United States Securities and Exchange Commission Shareholder information Frequently asked questions Additional information to shareholders Share performance chart Intangible assets scoresheet Human resources accounting and value-added statement Brand valuation Balance sheet (including intangible assets) Current cost adjusted financial statements Economic value-added (EVA) statement Ratio analysis Statutory obligations Management structure A historical perspective Infosys Foundation Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with GAAP requirements of Australia, Canada, France Germany, Japan and the United Kingdom and reports of compliance with the respective corporate governance standards Yantra Corporation
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[Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. crore, except per share data ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- March 31, 2001 March 31, 2000 Growth % ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For the year Total revenues 1,959.94 921.46 113 Export revenues 1,874.03 869.70 115 Operating profit (PBIDT) 808.92 378.88 114 Profit after tax (PAT) from ordinary activities 623.32 285.95 118 Profit after tax and extraordinary items 628.81 293.52 114 PBIDT as a percentage of total revenues 41.27% 41.12% PAT from ordinary activities as a percentage of total revenues 31.80% 31.03% Earnings per share (from ordinary activities) Basic 94.23 43.23 118 Diluted 93.93 43.22 117 Dividend per share 10.00 4.50 122 Dividend amount 66.16 29.76 122 Capital investment 463.35 159.87 190 PAT as a percentage of average net worth 56.08% 40.63% At the end of the year Total assets 1,389.64 833.30 67 Fixed assets - net 557.66 207.34 169 Cash and cash equivalents 577.74 508.37 14 Working capital 797.86 612.13 30 Total debt - - - Net worth 1,389.64 833.30 67 Equity 33.08 33.08 - Market capitalization 26,926.35 59,338.17 (55) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Market capitalization is calculated by considering the share price at the National Stock Exchange on March 31 of the respective years on the shares outstanding as at that date. [GRAPH]
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Awards for excellence ________________________________________________________________________________ "If a man does his best, what else is there?" General George S. Patton (1885 - 1945) Our people work hard designing, developing and implementing high-quality solutions for our clients. Their focus on customer satisfaction is evident in the high repeat business we continue to secure. Further, internal functions play a critical role - both in managing the challenges of growth and in supporting the line functions. On the job, Infoscions maintain an unwavering eye on creating value for the various stakeholders of the company, while demonstrating energy, fairness and professionalism in all transactions. As Infosys grows to nearly 10,000 people, the process of identifying high- performers, who made valuable contributions to Infosys during the year, emerged as a tough and challenging task. A task made even more difficult by the number of high achievers we came across in the different departments in our organization - each one motivated by the vision that we have set ourselves; to be a globally respected software corporation providing best-in-class business solutions, employing best-of-breed professionals. The people finally selected are those who qualified on a variety of factors that impacted their external and internal customers in a positive manner, thus leading to substantial benefits to Infosys. These factors include: delivering in challenging circumstances; reacting nimbly to change; rapidly assimilating new knowledge and using it in new, unstructured situations; making significant contributions to the knowledge base of the organization; successfully leading and motivating team members by setting an example; and adhering to the highest norms of values and personal integrity. We are proud to announce the winners of this year's Awards for excellence.
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Awards for excellence 2000-2001 [PHOTOGRAPHS] Goldman Sachs ------------- Account Management Naresh D'Mello Sadish H. C. Jagadish B. R. Sandeep Sehgal Sajan Verghis Mathew Sridhar G. Sobha Meera P. R. Sriram P. Joydeep Muklwjee Vasudevan V. R. Communication & Product Services -------------------------------- Practice Unit management Rajiv Kuchhal Hariharan S. Murthy Parameswar Y. Ravi Kumar Sheharkar New York Life International --------------------------- Project management Ravi R. Anand Chandra Shekhar Matta Babu S. K. Muthusubramanian B. Poomima Harekrishna Peefhambar V. T. Ritesh Khanra Srinath P. Manoj O. Toshiba ------- Project management Chandra Shekar Kakal Indranil Mukherjee Rajesh Rau A Sriram V.
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Awards for excellence 2000-2001 [PHOTOGRAPHS] EveryD.com ------------------ Project Management Shveta Arora Navin Kumar Armit Deshpande V. Rohit Mehra Sudhir Subramanya Hola George Varghese Vaishali V. Khandekar Ghanashyam Wagle Education & Research Team ------------------------------ Scalability & enabling growth Vivekanand P. Kochikar Subrahmanya S. v. Suresh J. K. HRD Team ------------------------------ Scalability & enabling growth Gagan Bhargava Eshan Joshi Karthkeya N. Sarma Sreekanth Shenoy P. George Thomas Globalization Initiatives ------------------------------ Scalability & enabling growth Krishnan S. Sumil Kumar D. Nithyanardan R. Jayash D. Sanghrajka Chaitanya G. Santosh Thangavelu Infrastructure -------------- Creation Vijay Kumar C. Maintenance Binod H. R. Ramadas Kamath U. Col. Krishna C.V.
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Awards for excellence 2000-2001 [PHOTOGRAPHS] New DC Setups -------------- Infrastructure Dinesh S. Madhuranath K. V. Ganapathy P. R. Natarajan S. Dass Gunalan Vijayeendra S. Purohit Charles Henry Hawks Koushik R. N. Information Systems Team ------------------------ Systems & processes Deepak Bhalla Nitin Gupta Narendra Murari S. Ramesh G. Shivshankar J. IMC Ramkrishna Bajaj Team ------------------------- Systems & process Ninmalya Barua Jude Fernandez Meera Govind R. Naresh T. Raisinghani Sukumar S. Visasixers ----------------- Systems & process Ardhendu Sekhar Das Khutaija Rahman Ganesh G. Ramesh S. Aparna Goerka Hema Ravichandar Murali S. Kakolu
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Awards for excellence 2000-2001 [PHOTOGRAPHS] Internal Customer Delight Champions ----------------------------------- Bataji V. Rashmita Parlja Padmarabha Bhat. P. Prathviraj K. K. Abhitash Kumar Y. Shankar D. P. Muthanna Joseph Thomas A. Banking Business Unit Management Team ------------------------------------- Great take off Arnit Kumar Bhadra Girish G. Vaidya Merwin Femandes Rivi Varghese Jaymalya Palit Vinay C. S. Rangarajan P. Value Systems Champions ----------------------- Bhaskar Ghosh Vinayak Pai V. Nandita Mohan Gurjar Priti Jay Rao Narendran Koduvallat Suma Subramarian Mohan M. M.
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Letter to Shareholders ________________________________________________________________________________ Dear shareholders: We are delighted to report on our performance in fiscal 2001. Under Indian GAAP, revenues grew by 113% over FY2000 while net profits from ordinary activities witnessed an increase of 118%. As transformation partners to Fortune 500 and other established corporations, we continued to focus on building long-term relationships, reflected in our repeat business rate of 85%. We added 4,442 employees, net of separations, and signed up 122 new clients during the year. Recent months have witnessed unprecedented turbulence in the technology sector in the US, which in turn has contributed to a slowdown in the overall economy. Technology sector valuations have dropped; revenue shortfalls, profit warnings and layoffs have become commonplace; most dot-coms are on the way to accelerated oblivion; and the urgency for large corporations to adopt new initiatives has declined. IT budgets are now subject to careful consideration. Companies now seek to maximize the return on their IT investments and therefore focus on short- gestation projects that promise predictable, substantial payoffs. As the me-too approach to new technology experimentation fades out, CIOs increasingly focus on consolidation, integration and convergence imperatives, rather than on radical advances in technology infrastructure. There is an unmistakable shift towards value-for-money and, as a result, towards longer decision-making cycle times. Clearly, these are challenging times for an IT services company. As self- preservation and prudence descend on US industry, the near-term demand outlook for IT services is not as rosy as in the boom years. The immediate future is therefore uncertain - which is the key reason for our FY2002 estimates of 30% growth in revenues over the year. Our estimates are based on our current understanding of the marketplace. We continue to be in close contact with our clients and have factored in our growth expectations from both existing and new clients. We believe that increasing billing rates will be a challenge in the current environment and expect the majority of our FY2002 growth to come from increasing business volumes. Nevertheless, we continue to be fully prepared to tap into additional business opportunities that may arise and intend to have all the ingredients of growth in place - infrastructure, people, processes and systems. Consequently, we anticipate $ 80 million in capital expenditure, and intend to add between 1,500 and 2,000 people to our workforce during FY2002. Indeed, it is during times like these that industries undergo profound transformations. The IT services sector has begun to witness an unprecedented flight to quality. Customers, investors and employees will gravitate towards companies that have committed high-quality management teams, deep client relationships, an impeccable track record of customer satisfaction, a de-risked business model, high financial discipline, a strong value system and, above all, the ability to manage change. Our medium-term outlook for IT services continues to be positive. We believe that large corporations are still in the early stages of their e-business build- out and will face huge integration and enhancement imperatives with their existing systems. Further, despite the current venture funding environment, we believe that select high-quality ventures will continue to push the technology envelope and will need strong IT partnerships to achieve their vision. Further, we strongly believe that, at the end of the ongoing turbulence, India will emerge stronger than ever as a preferred destination for IT outsourcing. With many US-based IT services players facing extinction, with value-for-money emerging as a key CIO imperative, and with the increasing recognition of the quality of its talent, India is all set to consolidate its position as a major force on the global IT services map. And Infosys, given its brand equity with Indian talent and its relationships with leading universities, continues to be the employer-of-choice for IT professionals. Infosys continues to focus on building strong relationships with large corporations, gaining an in-depth understanding of their decision cycles, and maintaining an impeccable record in customer satisfaction. Our addition of 37 clients in Q4FY2001 was the highest ever in a quarter. Of the 122 clients added during the year, the majority were large corporations. Key wins included New York Life International, a leading life insurance firm; ABB Alstom, a global specialist in energy and transport infrastructure; Providian, the fifth-largest bankcard provider in the US; The Bank of Nova Scotia, a leading global financial
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institution headquartered in Canada; Schlumberger, a leading international technical company; Dynegy, a leading provider of energy and communications solutions; Monsanto, a leading global provider of technology-based solutions and agricultural products; Telenet, a premier telecommunications company in Belgium; Vodafone Networks, a large UK-based mobile telecommunications company; Siemens Energy and Automation, a provider of complete electrical, engineering and automation solutions; and Swiss Re, one of the world's leading re-insurers. We also entered into strategic alliances with Microsoft, TIBCO, i2 Technologies and Intel. Further, in order to garner expertise in high-potential technology areas, we continued to work with high-quality venture-funded companies. During the year, we launched FINACLE(TM), an integrated core banking solution that leverages Internet technologies to drive the operations of a bank. The banking unit acquired 15 new clients - five out of the eight new private sector banks in India are now powered by FINACLE(TM). In one of the largest wins for banking software in India, we signed up Punjab National Bank for deployment of our banking platform across 1,500 branches. Two of Infosys' investee companies - EC Cubed, a US-based provider of B2B e- commerce solutions, and Alpha Thinx, a Vienna-based company operating in the wireless Internet space - filed for liquidation during the year. Due to capital market conditions, they were unable to secure funding for their growth plans. We derived tremendous benefits from these partnerships and were able to leverage the expertise gained from them across our other clients. However, in line with our conservative reporting policies, pending the conclusion of liquidation proceedings, we have fully provided for these investments and for receivables from these clients in our income statement for the year. We continued to expand our presence overseas and in India, adding approximately 6,40,000 square feet in physical infrastructure space during the year. We operationalized proximity development centers in Croydon, a suburb of London; Lisle, a suburb of Chicago; Berkeley Heights, New Jersey; and Phoenix, Arizona and also expanded capacity at our global development center in Toronto. We established marketing offices in Hong Kong, Sydney, Phoenix, U.A.E., Argentina and Paris and inaugurated the Infosys City facility in Bangalore. In order to groom leaders of the future, we are setting up the Infosys Leadership Institute in Mysore, Karnataka with state-of-the-art training and hostel facilities. Strict financial discipline has always been a key imperative for Infosys. We continue to be debt-free, to have conservative budgeting and cost management processes, and, with $ 124 million in cash, to have a strong and healthy balance sheet. Infosys was ranked No. 1 in a survey by Hewitt Associates and Business Today on the best companies to work for in India. The Far Eastern Economic Review rated Infosys as the No. 1 company in India in the Review 2000. Infosys became the first IT company to win the IMC Ramkrishna Bajaj National Quality Award and was also judged by Financial Technology Asia as the Best Regional Software House. For the sixth year in succession, we received the Silver Shield from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India for the Best Presented Accounts, among the entries received from non-financial, private sector companies. The Asiamoney poll of financial analysts voted us the best in management among listed companies in India for the fifth time in a row. The BankAway product from Infosys won the CSI-Wipro Award for the Best Packaged Application for the year 2000. During the year, we inducted Prof. Jitendra Vir Singh, Vice Dean, International Academic Affairs at the Wharton School; Dr. Omkar Goswami, Chief Economist to the Confederation of Indian Industry; Senator Larry Pressler, Former Senator, US Senate and presently Attorney and Senior Partner, O'Connor and Hannan LLP; Rama Bijapurkar, a well-known management consultant; and T. V. Mohandas Pai, Srinath Batni and Phaneesh Murthy, senior officers in the company, onto the board of directors. Also, during the year, S.M. Datta retired from the board of directors. During the year, V. Balakrishnan, Associate Vice President - Finance, took up additional responsibilities as Company Secretary. On your behalf, we wish them the very best and also salute our fellow Infoscions on another year of sterling achievements. [Enlarge/Download Table] /s/ Nandan M. Nilekani /s/ N. R. Narayana Murthy Nandan M. Nilekani N. R. Narayana Murthy Bangalore Managing Director, President Chairman and Chief Executive April 11, 2001 and Chief Operating Officer Officer Forward-looking statements in the letter to the shareholders should be read in conjunction with the following cautionary statements. Certain expectations and projections regarding future performance of the company referenced in this Annual Report are forward-looking statements. These expectations and projections are based on currently available competitive, financial, and economic data along with the company's operating plans and are subject to certain future events and uncertainties, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those that may be indicated by such statements.
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Infosys - Technology at work -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You on the cutting edge of technology have already made yesterday's impossibilities the commonplace realities of today. Ronald Reagan Infosys presents a compilation of projects undertaken during the year that showcase our expertise in leading-edge technologies and its impact on our clients. These projects span various industries and extend from designing automobile seat systems to developing software for enabling next-generation optical networks. A recurring theme across these projects is the role of Infosys as an end-to-end partner with active involvement from conceptualization to implementation. Further, these projects had strict time-to-market imperatives, requiring Infosys to rapidly scale up its project team and use its Global Delivery Model to deliver within time and budget, while meeting the highest quality benchmarks. Infosys is partnering CiDRA in developing innovative optical networking products that use device-level wavelength management software, thereby increasing network effectiveness. The Johnson Controls project showcases Infosys' use of simulation techniques and Finite Element Analysis to engineer state-of-the-art designs for automobile seats. Infosys implemented an end-to-end ERP solution for Toshiba and is playing a vital role in Cisco's Voice over IP and optical networking projects by developing critical software components and solutions. We have attempted to convey complex technology ideas in simple terms. However, we request readers to note that it is difficult to convey such ideas without using some technical language.
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Software for Optical Networking Products -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CiDRA Corporation, a high-technology manufacturing company based in the United States, designs, manufactures and markets networking and sensing products based on optical fiber technology. Infosys developed the firmware for key components of the Optical Channel Monitor (OCM), one of CiDRA's offerings for next- generation optical networks. Infosys managed the entire software lifecycle, from architecture definition to implementation, for the 2-Phase Downhole Flowmeter. This device, a key component of CiDRA's permanent remote sensing system, is designed to operate under a wide range of temperatures, and withstand compression of over 1000 atmospheres. A two-tier architecture was adopted using Microsoft's COM/DCOM technology to separate the process of delivery of results from the data acquisition systems. Further, facilities were provided for system administration, maintenance and data access over a local area network or a modem. Infosys developed embedded software for the Digital Signal Processor, incorporating statistical algorithms for automatic edge detection, to ensure robust detection of optical signals and dynamic rate computation. An Algorithm Manager was developed to control the allocation of computational resources, based on the theory of Directional Acyclic Graphs (DAG). A Fault Manager was also developed to enable self-health diagnosis and autonomous failure recovery. Next-generation optical networks Infosys is partnering with CiDRA to develop photonic products for bandwidth management in next-generation communication systems that will rapidly deploy and distribute bandwidth to multiple points within the optical network. This increased provisioning complexity will require Reconfigurable Optical Network Elements (RONE) that have built-in intelligence through embedded software, and provide control closer to the physical layer. Self-aware, Smart Optical Network Elements (SONE), having intelligence in the physical layer, will reduce the complexity of the network software required to control and optimize the optical network. As part of its family of AgileWave(TM) products for next-generation communication systems, CiDRA is currently developing an OCM device. This is an optical spectral analyzer for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) channel monitoring that uses precisely-tunable Bragg grating technology for improved channel resolution and optical signal-to-noise measurement. A Bragg grating has varying refractive index along the core of the optical fiber. Consequently, wavelength scanners based on this technology have better resolution and higher configurability as compared to contemporary technologies. [GRAPHIC]
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Infosys' contribution to the Optical Channel Monitor The figure illustrates the basic design of the OCM device. Using an optical tap made on a telecommunications fiber, a small amount of light is passed through an optical filter based on CiDRA's tunable filter technology. The output of the filter is detected by a photodiode that measures the signal power over the wavelength band sampled by the filter. The sampled value is further filtered by the Digital Signal Processor (DSP). Infosys developed an advanced deconvolution signal-processing algorithm to extract data from the photo detector. The firmware developed for the DSP handles signal processing for extracting data from the photodetector, and also performs real-time control for filter positioning. The filters are scanned using a design that provides highly accurate and fast filter positioning over many cycles. A precision feedback system allows accurate measurement of the filter position in the wavelength domain. The filters are controlled using a dedicated processor. Infosys was involved in developing a real-time, closed-loop controller firmware to enable accurate sweep control of the filter. Separate coordinated processors are currently used to sample and filter optical power, and to control filter tuning. An independent host processor accepts user scan and setup commands, and displays the data acquired by the system. The calibration software developed for the host computer incorporated compensation techniques involving two-dimensional surface approximation techniques. The cutting edge Infosys' technical contributions to the OCM, together with its rapid development and implementation of prototype embedded systems, has provided CiDRA with an important technical advantage in the demonstration of new product feasibility in an industry that rewards innovation and speed-to-market.
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Automotive Seating System Development -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Johnson Controls Inc. (JCI) is a Fortune 500 multinational corporation involved in the design, development and manufacturing of automotive seating and interior systems. JCI supplies these systems to automotive giants such as Ford, GM, Chrysler and Volvo. Using advanced techniques in mathematics, structural mechanics, Finite Element Analysis (FEA), iterative design, and simulation, Infosys has helped JCI reduce cost and cycle time in the design of automotive seats. Engineering seating system simulation In order to ensure occupant safety in road accidents, several countries, as well as, supranational institutions have implemented regulations that prescribe stringent design specifications for seats and accessories. The key technological challenge in this project was to simulate the crashing of a vehicle. The design cases for crash analysis include head-end and rear-end crashes against another moving or another stationary vehicle. Conventional finite element techniques, based on implicit methods, fall short of addressing such simulations, as the duration of the incident is typically less than one tenth of a second. The Infosys team established an FEA methodology and analysis process using the explicit time integration method, and performed the crash simulation and analysis using various third-party software tools. Infosys has implemented and simulated crash scenario models for various combinations of key components including passenger seat, dummy placement, safety feature profile and crash loads. The most complex part of a crash simulation is the occupant modeling. Human dummy models representing the 95/th/ or 50/th/ percentile of the specified country's population were modeled with high accuracy using FEA. Each dummy profile requires specifications for more than 90 components and 43 joints. The simulation takes into account factors such as material non-linearity, contacts, deformation and plastic strain profiles. It also includes safety-modeling features such as seat belts, retractors and pre- tensioners. The output of the simulation process includes crash performance metrics for the seating structure, components, mechanisms, driver safety and passenger safety. [CHARTS APPEAR HERE]
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The Infosys edge Infosys partnered with JCI's UK division in the complete seating system design life-cycle, and brought its deep domain knowledge as well as its technology expertise to the process. This has resulted in improvements in seat design, and reductions in design cycle time. For instance, Infosys and the JCI Team designed a seat-back structure concept in three weeks, as opposed to an industry average cycle time of three months. Other key contributions of Infosys are: . Playing a significant role in developing a new class of seating systems, compliant with European regulations, from concept to proof. . Developing critical mechanisms for new generation seating systems, such as a true flat-fold mechanism for tabletop, and a striker-bar mechanism for seat anchorage. One of the sub-systems developed by the Infosys-JCI team is in the process of being patented. . Re-engineering existing seating systems by adding new functionality and features. . Rectifying problems concerning in-field seating systems, using Failure Investigation techniques based on FEA, and successfully redesigning these systems. Global delivery advantage Infosys has established a dedicated offshore facility for JCI in Bangalore that has state-of-the-art software, such as LS-DYNA from Livermore Software Technology Corporation and MARC from MSC Software Corporation, and high-end multi-processor, number-crunching hardware, such as SGI Origin2200 and HP-J6000. By segregating the product development environment into onsite and offshore components, Infosys has been able to effectively leverage the Global Delivery Model to deliver a high-quality, rapid-deployment solution to JCI.
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Enterprising Initiatives -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Toshiba America Electronic Components Inc. is one of the largest suppliers of semiconductors, electronic components and storage devices. The Order Fulfillment project is an end-to-end ERP implementation for Toshiba. Infosys completed the project in 18 months, as compared to an estimated time of 30 months by other vendors. This was accomplished by relying on our IntERPryz methodology for ERP implementation, deep domain expertise, and sound project management techniques. Toshiba wanted to revamp its business processes to reduce Order-to-Delivery lead-time, minimize inventory, increase customer service levels, and enhance supply chain visibility. Moreover, Toshiba's diverse existing systems, built on heterogeneous technology platforms, needed to be integrated. This was achieved by implementing a robust, scalable, flexible and highly configurable system. The Infosys edge Infosys was involved in business process definition, program management, project management, package evaluation, package implementation, key user training, and post-production support. Infosys helped streamline Toshiba's supply chain by implementing and integrating solutions in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Warehouse Management System (WMS) / Transportation Management System (TMS). Oracle Applications R11.0.3 was implemented to streamline manufacturing, distribution, procurement and financial accounting processes, and was integrated with i2 Technologies' Demand Planner. A new enterprise WMS / TMS product from HK Systems was evaluated and implemented for improving order-execution efficiency, outbound visibility, and reverse logistics. These applications run on Sun Solaris 2.6 and Windows NT platforms. An enterprise-wide data model was prepared for standardizing performance metrics across the organization and streamlining Toshiba's internal processes. This involved gaining a deep understanding of the business processes, and implementing systems to extract and report these data. Extending the ERP package Infosys enhanced the functionalities offered by the chosen packages, by using its IntERPryz methodology for extending the ERP solution. More than 20 modules were designed, developed and fully integrated with the ERP package, thus, catering to the specific non-standard functionality requirements. These add-on applications are designed as plug-in modules. Infosys' contributions for the add-on applications include: . Developing a stock allocation system incorporating a rule-based algorithm that ensures seamless execution of Toshiba's customer support plan. . Developing a distribution system for managing the sales channel through distributors, getting real-time visibility to the distributor's inventory, and ensuring price protection. . Building a sales commission system, which implements a multi-level split commission policy, along with, the engineering design tracking for prototypes.
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. Creating an Early Shipping Advance (ESA) system to manage the inbound supply chain visibility, starting from the factory production and warehouse to the shipment's arrival at US ports, and then cross-docking or re-routing directly to the customers. High performance solution A high degree of fault tolerance, in hardware and software, was achieved by a three-tier solution. Cisco's Load Director was used for optimal load balancing. A parallel concurrent processing architecture, having multiple concurrent managers, running in separate servers, was able to process a large number of jobs simultaneously, to enhance throughput for batch jobs. Further, 24-hour availability was ensured by having alternate managers execute jobs in the course of failure of any manager. Finally, an elaborate database sizing exercise ensured optimal performance at the database level. [CHART APPEARS HERE]
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Voice over IP -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cisco Systems Inc., a California-based company, is a leader in networking and Internet backbone products such as routers and switches. Infosys has been chosen as a strategic Cisco partner by the company's Global Partner Engineering (GPE) group, and has played a vital role in the development and support of the Cisco Call Manager (CCM), encompassing areas of test automation, stress testing, conference control, and alarm configuration. Infosys has delivered critical products on schedule by leveraging its expertise in the Voice over IP (VoIP) domain. Infosys' domain knowledge in VoIP includes areas such as architecture for IP PBX, call processing features, gateways, routers, IP phone services protocols, routing protocols, and open telephony standards. Call Manager The CCM is the software-based call-processing component of the Cisco IP Telephony solution, and is a part of the Cisco Architecture for Voice, Video and Integrated Data (AVVID). The CCM extends enterprise telephony features and functions to packet telephony network devices such as IP phones, media processing devices, VoIP gateways, and multimedia applications. An IP network consisting of the CCM, IP phones, gateways and applications provides a distributed virtual telephony network. [CHART APPEARS HERE] Infosys' contribution Infosys played a vital role in the CCM effort by developing a number of tools and utilities for stress-testing and simulation. Key contributions include: . Developing a Stress-testing and Performance Management tool - a highly- configurable, real-time application for simulating heavy load scenarios for device registration, call processing (with / without voice streaming) and redundancy support. This tool enables the simulation of a network of over 1000 IP phones on a single PC. Multiple servers can be used to scale-up to simulate any number of phones for stress testing.
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. Developing a Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) simulator - a tool for setting up a large number of MGCP gateways and load-testing the CCM. It emulates gateway behavior during registration to the CCM, and during switchover and switchback of the CCMs in a cluster setup. A TCP setup has been provided for handling Q931 messages that, in turn, can be used in the future to stress-test such messages between the CCM and the gateways. Currently, each installation supports 50 gateways, with an option to scale up by having multiple installations. A command line interface test- scripting facility has been provided for test automation. . Building a Script Automation tool for simulating features of IP phones. This application can handle all the messages from IP phones to PBX (a subset of H323). . Architecting a web-based and cross-platform-compatible Billing and Reporting product for IP PBX. This has been rolled out as a plug-in to the CCM. It records and classifies the call type, as well as, the Quality of Service (QoS). It also applies rating parameters, and provides information on calls made by users, billing, Quality of Service, traffic statistics and device utilization. Further, it provides a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) interface for enterprise information stored in different directory servers. Among other places, the product is deployed in a space ship launched by NASA. Optical networking Infosys has played a key role in the Operations Systems Modifications for the Integration of Network Elements (OSMINE) certification for the ONS 15454 product. This required defining a TL1 interface by implementing hundreds of new commands and correcting the behavior of existing commands. Faced with a timeline of three months, Infosys demonstrated its ability to understand complex system architectures rapidly. Infosys has implemented a large number of new commands in areas such as protection switching, performance monitoring and test access, thereby improving the quality of the software.
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Board of directors Management council invitees N. R. Narayana Murthy Bhashyam M. R. Srinjay Sengupta Nandan M. Nilekani Associate Vice President - Regional Manager and Associate Deepak M. Satwalekar Software Engineering Process Group Vice President - Sales - Europe Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam Ramesh Vangal Binod H. R. Srinivas B. G. Philip Yeo Associate Vice President - Associate Vice President - Prof. Jitendra Vir Singh Commercial & Facilities Delivery - Enterprise Solutions Dr. Omkar Goswami Sen. Larry Pressler Subhash Dhar Srinivasan V. Rama Bijapurkar Regional Manager and Associate Vice President - Gopalakrishnan S. Associate Vice President - Sales Delivery - Banking Business Unit Dinesh K. Shibulal S. D. Dheeshjith V. G. Sriram V. Mohandas Pai T. V. Associate Vice President - Regional Manager and Associate Phaneesh Murthy Delivery - Asia Pacific Vice President - Sales - Asia Srinath Batni Pacific Bhaskar Ghosh Associate Vice President - Srivathsa P. S. Development Center - Bhubaneswar Senior Manager - Recruitment - HRD Committees of the board Nandita Gurjar Subramanyam G. V. Audit committee Associate Vice President - Associate Vice President - Deepak M. Satwalekar, Chairman Learning & Development - HRD Software Engineering & Technology Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam Labs Ramesh Vangal Ramadas Kamath U. Dr. Omkar Goswami Associate Vice President - Sukumar S. Sen. Larry Pressler Accounts & Administration Manager - Corporate Planning Rama Bijapurkar Vivekanand P. Kochikar Padmanabhan Venkataraman Compensation committee Senior Project Manager - Associate Vice President - Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam, Chairman Deepak M. Satwalekar Education & Research Delivery - Quality Philip Yeo Prof. Jitendra Vir Singh Sudha Kumar Venkataramanan T. S. Dr. Omkar Goswami Associate Vice President - Associate Vice President - Corporate Marketing Banking Business Unit Nominations committee Ramesh Vangal, Chairman Vijay Kumar C. Advisor to the management council Philip Yeo Associate Vice President - Prof. Jitendra Vir Singh Infrastructure Development Jayaram G. K., Dr. Sen. Larry Pressler Head - Infosys Leadership Hariharan S. Murthy Institute Investor grievance committee Regional Manager and Associate Vice Philip Yeo, Chairman President - Voice of the Youth Rama Bijapurkar Sales - Communication & Product Services Ayan Chatterjee Nandan M. Nilekani Ashiss Kumar Dash Dinesh K. Narendran K. Mukul Gupta Senior Project Manager - Eshan Joshi Shibulal S. D. Development Center - Mangalore Madhavan V. B. Manjula M. K. Parameswar Y. Nagaraj N. S. Associate Vice President - Vinayak Pai V. Communication & Product Services - Meera Rajeevan Other Telecom Business Prasad T. P. Infosys Foundation Regional Manager and Associate Vice Trustees President - Sales - South North America Raghavan N. S., Chairman Sudha Murty Pravin Rao U. B. Sudha Gopalakrishnan Vice President - Delivery (South North America) Priti Jay Rao Associate Vice President - Development Center - Pune Shiv Shankar N. Associate Vice President - Development Center - Chennai- Sivashankar J. As on April 25, 2001 Associate Vice President - Information Systems
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Directors' report -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To the members, Your directors are pleased to present their report on the business and operations of your company for the year ended March 31, 2001. [Enlarge/Download Table] Financial results in Rs. crore except per share data * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ended March 31 2001 2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total income 1,959.94 921.46 Total expenditure 1,135.73 542.58 Provision for investments 15.29 - Operating profit (PBIDT) 808.92 378.88 Interest - - Depreciation 112.89 53.23 Profit before tax and extraordinary item 696.03 325.65 Provision for tax 72.71 39.70 Profit after tax before extraordinary item 623.32 285.95 Extraordinary item transfer of intellectual property right (net of tax) 5.49 - provision no longer required - 7.57 Net profit after tax and extraordinary item 628.81 293.52 Appropriations Interim dividend - paid 16.54 9.92 Final dividend - recommended 49.62 19.84 Total dividend 66.16 29.76 Dividend tax 8.70 3.27 Transferred to general reserve 553.96 260.49 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Earnings per share (equity shares, par value Rs.5 each) Basic 95.06 44.38 Diluted 94.76 44.37 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * 1 crore equals 10 million. Results of operations Total revenues grew to Rs. 1,959.94 crore from Rs. 921.46 crore last year, a growth rate of 112.7%. Operating profit grew to Rs. 808.92 crore ( 41.27% of total revenues) from Rs. 378.88 crore (41.12% of total revenues), a growth rate of 113.5%. Profit after tax, from ordinary activities, increased to Rs. 623.32 crore (31.80% of total revenue) from Rs. 285.95 crore (31.03% of total revenue), an increase of 118.0%. During the year, the company transferred its intellectual property rights in Onscan, a web-enabled notification product, to OnMobile Systems Inc. (formerly known as Onscan Inc.). The product was transferred for a gross consideration of Rs. 8.93 crore (US$ 2 million), received in the form of preferred voting and non-voting securities of OnMobile Systems Inc. The income from the transfer of Rs. 5.49 crore (net of tax) is disclosed as an extraordinary item. During the year, two of your company's investee companies, EC Cubed Inc. and Alpha Thinx Mobile Phone Services AG, filed for liquidation. Pending the conclusion of liquidation proceedings, your company has provided Rs. 15.29 crore towards the entire amount of these investments. Dividend An interim dividend of Rs. 2.50 per share (50% on par value of Rs. 5) was paid in November 2000. Your directors now recommend a final dividend of Rs. 7.50 per share (150% on par value of Rs. 5) aggregating Rs. 10.00 per share (200% on par value of Rs. 5), for the current year. The total amount of dividend is Rs. 66.16 crore, as against Rs. 29.76 crore for the previous year. Dividend (including dividend tax), as a percentage of net profit after tax from ordinary activities, is 12.00%, as compared to 11.55% in the previous year. Under the Indian Income Tax Act 1961, the receipt of dividend is tax-free in the
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hands of the shareholders. The tax on distributed profits, payable by the company, increased to Rs. 8.70 crore from Rs. 3.27 crore in the previous year.
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Increase in share capital Your company issued 7,417 shares on the exercise of stock options, issued under the 1998 and 1999 employee stock option plans. Due to this, the outstanding issued, subscribed and paid-up equity share capital increased from 6,61,50,700 shares, during the previous year, to 6,61,58,117 shares in the year under review. Business Your company demonstrated all-round growth during the year. Under Indian GAAP, revenues grew by 113% over FY2000 while net profits from ordinary activities witnessed an increase of 118%. As transformation partners to Fortune 500 corporations, your company continued to focus on building long-term relationships, reflected in its repeat business rate of 85%. Your company signed up 122 new clients, the majority of whom were large corporations, and had a total client base of 273 at the end of the year. Further, your company had 80 million-dollar clients, 19 five-million-dollar clients and 11 ten-million-dollar clients as compared to 42, 10 and 4 in the previous year. A sizeable proportion of your company's growth was driven by helping Fortune 500 and other established companies to embrace the new economy paradigm. The company also worked with various venture-funded clients to garner expertise in niche technology areas, which was leveraged to provide high-technology solutions to larger corporations around the world. Revenues from start-up and venture-funded companies accounted for 10.8% of total revenues. The following table provides the percentage of income from dot-com and Internet, and telecom start-up companies during the year. [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 FY 2001 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dot-com and Internet start-up companies 10.9% 9.5% 5.8% 4.0% 7.1% Telecom start-up companies 6.3% 2.7% 3.5% 3.0% 3.7% Total start-up and venture-funded companies 17.2% 12.2% 9.3% 7.0% 10.8% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Given recent conditions in the capital markets, your company intends to reduce its exposure to venture-funded companies, and to work even more selectively in this space. The year also saw your company scaling up on the human resources and infrastructure front. Net of separations, 4,442 employees were added, taking the total strength to 9,831. Your company added another 6.4 lakh square feet of physical infrastructure space, taking the total space available to 16.7 lakh square feet. The total number of marketing offices increased to 25, up from 20 in the previous year. Your company's software export revenues aggregated Rs. 1,874.03 crore, up 115.48% from Rs. 869.70 crore the previous year. During the year, 74.6% of the export revenues came from North America, 19.1% from Europe, and 6.3% from the rest of the world. The share of the fixed-price component of the business was 28.2%, as compared to 31.5% during the previous year. Revenue productivity, in dollar terms, grew by 27.0%. Several market studies published recently point to a slowdown in IT spending in the United States, which is a key market for your company. Your company is closely monitoring the market situation and believes that its unique business model and prudent risk-management practices, coupled with a strong customer base and deep client relationships, give it a sustainable long-term competitive advantage. Your company will aggressively pursue new opportunities and will ensure adequate internal preparedness to take maximum advantage of such opportunities. Banking Business Unit (BBU) With a 100% increase in revenues over the previous year, the Banking Business Unit demonstrated rapid growth. Your company launched FINACLE(TM), an integrated core banking solution that is centralized, multi-currency and multi-language enabled, functionally rich, and addresses both retail and corporate banking requirements. Positioned as a core banking e-platform that brings about a paradigm shift in the way banking is conducted, FINACLE(TM) leverages Internet technologies to drive the operations of a bank. The Banking Business Unit has consolidated its position in the Indian and African markets, and has also expanded into the Middle East. During the year, it acquired 15 new clients, 10 in India and 5 overseas, for FINACLE(TM), BankAway, and PayAway applications. In one of the largest wins for banking software in India, your company signed up Punjab National Bank for deployment of its banking platform across 1500 branches. At present, five out of the eight new private sector banks in India are powered by FINACLE(TM). With this, your company has gained the highest market share amongst Indian banks offering Internet banking services.
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Global software development centers In 1999, as part of its globalization program, your company launched several development centers outside India. During the year, your company started a proximity development center in Croydon, a suburb of London, UK. The center currently has 37 employees and can scale up to accommodate 82 employees. The company also expanded capacity at its global development center in Toronto, Canada. The center currently has 58 employees and can scale up to accommodate 114 employees. Your company also opened three proximity development centers in the USA, at Lisle, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois; Berkeley Heights, New Jersey; and Phoenix, Arizona. These centers have the potential to scale up to accommodate 95, 110 and 30 personnel respectively. Development centers in India Your company incurred capital expenditure aggregating Rs. 349.51 crore on physical infrastructure, up from Rs.122.40 crore the previous year. Further, your company incurred Rs.113.84 crore on technological infrastructure, up from Rs. 37.47 crore the previous year. Of the total capital expenditure, Rs. 349.66 crore has been capitalized during the year, up from Rs. 117.79 crore the previous year. The Infosys City facility in Bangalore was inaugurated during the year. Construction of the Management Development Center is on schedule. An additional 60,000 square feet of software development infrastructure to accommodate 600 professionals is in the final stages of completion. Additionally, construction has commenced on three software development blocks comprising 3,00,000 square feet with a capacity to accommodate 1,800 professionals. The existing capacity at Bangalore comprises 8,82,500 square feet capable of accommodating 4,500 professionals. Phase II of the Pune campus is progressing as per schedule. The Mangalore campus is complete and currently has a built-up area of 1,98,000 square feet to accommodate 950 professionals. In both these cities, the existing leased premises are being vacated. In Bhubaneswar, a second software development block of 75,000 square feet to accommodate 600 professionals, along with a food court of 28,000 square feet, is nearing completion. In Chennai, Phase I of the software development center is substantially complete and is getting ready for use. Phase II of the software development center comprising 2,36,000 square feet to accommodate 1,300 professionals is under construction. Construction of Phase I of the new campus at Hyderabad comprising 2,73,000 square feet commenced during the year with a capacity to accommodate 1,200 professionals. In Mysore, Phase I of the software development center and the Infosys Leadership Institute (ILI) campus is progressing as per schedule. As of March 31, 2001, the company had 16,65,800 square feet of space capable of accommodating 10,100 professionals and 19,08,200 square feet under construction including the ILI. Overseas branches To accelerate the sales effort in overseas markets, sales offices were opened in Hong Kong, Sydney, Phoenix (Arizona), U.A.E., Argentina and Paris. During the coming year, additional sales offices are expected to be opened in North America, Europe and Asia. Expansion of the overseas sales network will help your company access new markets and broaden its client base. As at the year-end, your company had 21 marketing offices overseas. Incubator funding Your company is in an industry that offers great opportunity for highly competent and entrepreneurial professionals with high aspirations. In keeping with its philosophy of encouraging budding entrepreneurs within the organization, your company has provided an incubation mechanism for them to launch their own ventures while continuing to derive benefits from a close association with Infosys. Your company incubated Yantra Corporation, a provider of e-fulfillment solutions, in fiscal 1996 and OnMobile Systems Inc.(formerly known as Onscan Inc.), a wireless solutions provider, in fiscal 2000. Yantra Corporation Yantra Corporation provides e-business software solutions for managing supply chain transactions across the extraprise. During the year, Yantra installed a high-quality management team and intensified its sales effort to implement its growth objectives. Yantra also closed a $ 49 million venture funding round with participation from Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Private Equity, Amerindo, Broadvision, VerticalNet, Easter Chemical Company and other investors. Further, Yantra announced a strategic alliance with Accenture (formerly known as Andersen Consulting) to provide supply chain solutions through PureEcommerce, a fully web-enabled application that manages, tracks and executes complex customer transactions across a company's extended supply chain. Infosys' economic interest in Yantra has come down to 15.8% (on a fully diluted basis). However, Yantra continues to be a subsidiary under the Companies Act, 1956 as the majority of the common stock is held by your company. The particulars of the subsidiary company required
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to be provided under section 212 of the Companies Act, 1956, are attached to the Indian GAAP financial statements contained in this annual report. OnMobile Systems Inc. OnMobile Systems Inc. (formerly known as Onscan Inc.) is a wireless solutions provider to enterprises and wireless carriers around the world. The company offers platforms, applications and professional services to deliver end-to-end wireless solutions. The company's solutions allow wireless carriers to provide innovative services to their customers and enable enterprises to deploy applications targeted towards their mobile workforce. During the year, your company transferred its intellectual property rights in Onscan, a web-enabled notification product, to OnMobile Systems Inc. The product was transferred for a gross consideration of $ 2 million, received in the form of preferred voting and preferred non-voting securities of OnMobile Systems Inc. Shortly thereafter, OnMobile Systems closed a $ 15 million venture funding round with participation from Argo Global Capital, H&Q Asia Pacific and other investors. JASDIC JASDIC Park Company is an Indo-Japanese consortium founded by Mr. Kenichi Ohmae, a well-known management strategist, along with a few Japanese companies and three Indian companies including your company. The aim of JASDIC is to provide high-quality software services from India to the Japanese market. This is in line with your company's strategy to diversify its geographic client base. Revenues from JASDIC grew by 59.3% over the previous year. Your company expects further growth in revenues from Japan through this venture. Strategic investments Your company had announced its intention to make selective investments in leading-edge companies that have the potential to yield substantial business benefits. Such investments were also envisaged in select venture capital funds. Benefits from these investments are primarily in the form of revenue and net income enhancements, through technology partnerships and access to the latest technological developments. Your company has leveraged the expertise derived from its investee companies to deliver value to large clients across the globe. During the year, EC Cubed Inc., a US-based provider of B2B e-commerce solutions in which your company had made a strategic investment amounting to Rs. 13.08 crore, filed for liquidation. Alpha Thinx Mobile Phone Services AG, a Vienna-based company operating in the wireless Internet space, in which your company had made a strategic investment amounting to Rs. 2.21 crore, also filed for liquidation. Due to adverse capital market conditions, these entities were unable to raise the capital required to fund their growth plans and were therefore forced into liquidation. Pending the conclusion of liquidation proceedings, your company has provided for the entire amount of these investments. Human resource management Given the knowledge-intensive nature of your company's activities, human resources are among its most critical assets. Recognizing this, your company has put in place a scalable recruitment and human resource management process, enabling it to attract and retain high-calibre employees. Your company added 4,442 employees, net of separations, taking the total strength to 9,831 - up from 5,389 at the end of the previous year. Your company has a robust selection process, evidenced by the ability to conduct aptitude tests for up to 10,000 applicants in a single day across India. Entry-level engineers are put through intense technical training and are also exposed to cross-functional training that helps hone their soft skills. Further, all employees are eligible for your company's stock option plan. Your company's attrition rate, at 11.2% for the year (9.2% for the previous year), is a testimony to its ability to attract and retain high-quality talent. In order to ensure a safe and congenial workplace, your company has formulated and implemented a policy against sexual harassment. Process improvements have also been made in the areas of recruitment, training and visa processing. Quality Your company is rated at Level 5 of the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) of the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University, USA. To address the challenges of the future and to ensure performance improvement in an integrated manner, your company has launched the Infosys Excellence Initiative (IEI), which is a single umbrella for all quality initiatives within the organization. This initiative spans various functions in the organization, namely core delivery processes, functional and cross-functional processes, and organizational management processes. It envisages leveraging CMM Level 5 for delivery processes, the Malcolm Baldrige framework for organizational management processes, and 6-sigma Cross Functional Process Mapping (CFPM) techniques for improving cross-functional processes.
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The Malcolm Baldrige framework will focus on the overall assessment of your company's business and integration of all its business activities. 6-sigma CFPM techniques are being used to improve customer relationship management, customer order management, talent deployment, and other cross-functional processes. For instance, the Visasixers initiative was launched to enhance internal customer satisfaction with the visa filing process, and to decrease response time for specific requirements by streamlining these processes. A cross-functional team was established which identified and implemented 18 action items, thereby leading to 76% increase in internal customer satisfaction, 96% adherence to service levels, and 50% reduction in cycle times. Infosys Leadership Institute In order to groom leaders of the future, the Infosys Leadership Institute (ILI) campus is being constructed in Mysore, Karnataka. Leadership development is being planned across the organization - from junior to senior levels of management. The ILI campus will have state-of-the-art training facilities, along with hostel facilities for the participants of the training program. This initiative will proactively seek to develop and facilitate leadership skills among Infoscions, through a mix of classroom and action-oriented learning. InStep global internship program As part of its brand building efforts with leading universities around the world, your company has developed InStep, a global internship program. The program selects high-quality students from top academic institutions across the globe and deploys them on live projects in your company's offices worldwide. InStep has had students from a variety of backgrounds, cultures, and universities - ranging from computer science undergraduates from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to graduate students of business from the Wharton School. This year, your company held InStep information sessions in 14 educational institutions in the US, UK, Canada and France. Subsequently, we received 700 applications for just 24 internship positions. InStep is an integral part of your company's international recruitment initiative that aims at making its workforce truly global. The new information infrastructure Your company firmly believes that internal IT initiatives are a key ingredient for sustained corporate growth. IT is an enabler of global delivery and 24 x 7 operations and is therefore a key driver of customer satisfaction. For its internal IT systems, your company uses an intranet backbone, straddling a range of technologies, along with a strong back-end in SAP R/3 and Microsoft technologies. Your company has implemented the latest SAP R/3 version 4.6 on a state-of-the-art Storage Area Network (SAN) solution to enable high performance and 24 x 7 availability. Further, a range of custom-built, web-enabled systems have been implemented that address your company's business needs. Ongoing IT initiatives range from building a globally scalable infrastructure to implementing e-CRM and deploying extranets. The implementation of these will . drive information availability to a global work force, . enhance employee and process productivity, and . further strengthen our client partnerships. Additional information to shareholders In earlier years, your company provided additional information in the form of intangible assets scoresheet, human resources accounting, value-added statement, brand accounting, economic value-added statement, and financial statements in substantial compliance with the GAAP of six countries, in addition to the US and India. This information is provided in this year's Annual Report also. Basic financial statements are generally prepared on the historic cost basis for income measurement and asset valuation. In a changing price environment, financial statements should reflect changes in the economic environment. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India has issued a Guidance Note on Accounting for Changing Prices. Your company has recast its balance sheet and profit and loss account for the current year in accordance with this guidance note to reflect the impact of changing prices on its historic cost basis financial statements. This information is provided in the section on Additional information to shareholders. Corporate governance With increasing globalization, there has been a renewed thrust on corporate governance in India. Your company continues to be a pioneer in benchmarking its corporate governance policies with the best in the world, and its efforts are widely recognized by investors in India and abroad.
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The Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee on Corporate Governance constituted by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) submitted its report in November 1999 that was accepted by SEBI in December 1999. While the recommendations of the committee have become mandatory from this year, your company complied with most of the recommendations in fiscal 2000 itself. For fiscal 2001, the compliance report is provided in the Corporate governance section in this report. The auditor's certificate on compliance with the mandatory recommendations of the committee is annexed to this report. In addition, your directors have documented your company's internal policies on corporate governance. In line with the committee's recommendations, the management discussion and analysis of the financial position of the company is provided in this Annual Report and is incorporated here by reference. Your company has also provided a compliance report on various corporate governance recommendations in vogue in six countries, in their local languages, for the benefit of our shareholders in those countries. Responsibility statement of the board of directors The directors' responsibility statement setting out the compliance with the accounting and financial reporting requirements specified under Section 217 (2AA) of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, in respect of the financial statements, is annexed to this report. Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) Your company has introduced various stock option plans for its employees. Details of these, including grants to senior management, are given below. Senior management includes directors of your company and members of its Management Council. 1994 Stock Offer Plan (the 1994 plan) The 1994 plan came to an end in fiscal 2000; no further options will be issued under this plan. 1998 Stock Option Plan (the 1998 plan) Your company has issued 9,64,840 ADS-linked stock options to 752 employees during the year under the 1998 plan. Details of such options granted under the 1998 plan are given below. [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Description Details ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Total number of shares 3.20 million ADS representing 1.60 million shares 2. The pricing formula Not less than 90% of the fair market value as on date of grant 3. Ratio of ADS to equity shares One share represents two ADS 4. Options granted during the year 9,64,840 options representing 4,82,420 equity shares 5. Weighted average price per option granted $ 115.44 (Rs. 5,375); 100% of fair market value on the date of during the year grant 6. Options vested (as of March 31, 2001) 1,47,350 options representing 73,675 equity shares 7. Options exercised during the year 12,434 options representing 6,217 equity shares 8. Money raised on exercise of options $ 4,07,128 (Rs. 1,89,07,845) 9. Options lapsed during the year 600 options representing 300 equity shares 10. Total number of options in force at the 15,65,506 options representing 7,82,753 equity shares end of the year 11. Grant to senior management No. of options No. of options Ajay Dubey 780 Basab Pradhan 12,000 Girish G. Vaidya 1,380 Hema Ravichandar 2,400 Jan DeSmet 6,000 Mohan Sekhar 2,400 Phaneesh Murthy 20,000 Sobha Meera 12,000 Gr. Capt. Deepak Sinha 900 Srinath Batni 2,000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total options granted to senior management during the year 59,860 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12. Employees holding 5% or more of the total number of options granted during the year: Nil
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1999 Stock Option Plan (the 1999 plan) Your company has issued 19,57,830 stock options to 9,376 employees during the year under the 1999 plan. The details of such options granted under the 1999 plan are given below. [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Description Details ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Total number of shares 66,00,000 shares 2. The pricing formula At the fair market value as on date of grant 3. Options granted during the year 19,57,830 options for 19,57,830 equity shares 4. Weighted average price per option granted Rs. 6,249 (100% of fair market value on the date of grant) during the year 5. Options vested (as of March 31, 2001): 94,600 options for 94,600 equity shares 6. Options exercised during the year 1,200 options for 1,200 equity shares 7. Money raised on exercise of options: Rs. 48,78,060 8. Options lapsed during the year 1,260 options for 1,260 equity shares 9. Total number of options in force at the 27,93,980 options for 27,93,980 equity shares end of the year 10. Grant to senior management No. of options No. of options Ajay Dubey 2,610 Gr. Capt. Deepak Sinha 2,550 Dr. P. Balasubramaniam 3,000 Srinath Batni 5,500 Hema Ravichandar 2,200 Balakrishnan V. 6,000 T.V. Mohandas Pai 10,000 Girish G. Vaidya 5,310 M.S.S. Prabhu 3,000 Mohansekhar 4,800 Satyendra Kumar 3,000 Rajiv Kuchal 1,000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total options granted to senior management during the year 48,970 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11. Employees holding 5% or more of the total number of options granted during the year: Nil Liquidity Your company continues to be adequately liquid and expects that this will help achieve its growth objectives. Enhanced liquidity reduces financial risk, and allows a rapid shift in direction should the market so demand. During the current year, internal cash accruals have more than adequately covered working capital requirements, capital expenditure of Rs. 463.35 crore and dividend payments, and have resulted in a surplus of Rs. 69.36 crore. As on March 31, 2001, your company had liquid assets of Rs. 577.74 crore, as against Rs. 508.37 crore at the previous year-end. These funds have been invested both in rupee and dollar deposits with banks and financial institutions. A high level of liquidity reduces return on shareholders funds. However, a balance between high returns on funds deployed in the business, and the ready availability of cash for strategic decisions on growth will have to be maintained. The creation of physical and technological infrastructure is expected to absorb a significant part of the liquid assets over the next three years. Research and education initiatives During the year, your company trained around 4,000 entrants as part of its induction-training program. Further, continuing education has been imparted, both in advanced technologies as well as in managerial skills. The total training imparted by your company to its employees during the year aggregated about 2,50,000 person days. The Infosys Fellowship Program instituted by your company at 12 premier academic institutions in India to support research work leading to a Ph.D. has been well received, and the number of fellowships instituted in the areas of information technology, management and law has been increased from 24 to 42. Professors, from reputed academic institutions in India and abroad, visited your company during the year under the Infosys sabbatical program. These professors studied and advised Infosys on practices in knowledge management (KM), training and project management. Your company spent around 0.87% of its revenue on R&D activities during the year.
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Your company sees knowledge management as a key imperative to help manage growth and stay competitive in the technology business. A KM deployment architecture that addresses the four key dimensions of KM - technology, people, content and process - has been defined and implemented internally. A `Knowledge Currency Unit' mechanism has been defined as a key component to promote an internal knowledge sharing culture. Even as the KM movement is gaining momentum internally, your company has been playing the role of a catalyst in various knowledge networks externally, by delivering invited talks, publishing in international journals, and presenting at international conferences, among other initiatives. Dr Karl-Erik Sveiby, an internationally renowned expert in KM visited Infosys during the year and observed that, "Infosys is a KM pioneer in India and, when it comes to publishing its intangible assets in the Annual Report, even one of the pioneers in the world. The Infosys KM initiatives seem well-balanced; they are a blend of both IT and people initiatives, and the KM Team at Infosys has a holistic understanding of KM." Your company has also created extensive infrastructural facilities for education and research during the year, with the inauguration of a dedicated building of 1,15,000 sq. ft. along with state-of-the-art equipment. Infosys Foundation Your company is committed to contribute to its social milieu and, in 1998, established Infosys Foundation as a not-for-profit trust to support initiatives that benefit society-at-large. The Foundation supports programs and organizations devoted to the cause of destitutes, rural poor, spastics, senior citizens and illiterates. It also helps preserve certain arts and cultural activities of India which are under threat of fading out. Grants to the foundation during the year aggregated Rs. 5.26 crore, as compared to Rs. 2.80 crore in the previous year. A summary of the work done by the Foundation appears in the Infosys Foundation section of this report. On your behalf, your directors express their gratitude to the honorary trustees of the Foundation for sparing their valuable time and energy for the activities of the Foundation. Community services Your company continued the social programs initiated in 1999 - Catch Them Young, Rural Reach and Train the Trainer. The three programs covered about 800 urban children from 100 schools, 2,000 children in rural schools (in five languages), and 90 engineering college teachers from over about 60 colleges across the country, respectively, during the year. In addition, new programs included a summer internship program for computer science students from the IITs and a technology workshop for 35 engineering students from 17 colleges. Further, your company, through its Computers@Classrooms initiative launched in January 1999, has donated 744 computers to 272 institutions across India. Your company has also applied to the relevant authorities for permission to donate an additional 419 computers to 180 institutes in the near future. Microsoft continues to participate in this initiative by donating the relevant software and we would like to place on record our appreciation for its continued support. Awards Your directors are happy to report on some of the awards that your company received during the year. . Your company was rated as the Best Employer of India by the Business Today-Hewitt Study, from among more than 150 companies. . Your company became the first IT company to win the IMC Ramkrishna Bajaj National Quality Award in the services category. . The Far Eastern Economic Review rated your company as the No. 1 company in India in the Review 2000, an annual survey of Asia's leading companies. . Your company has been judged the Best Regional Software House by Financial Technology Asia. This award acknowledges the most clever, creative and effective use of information technology in Asia, including Japan and Australia. . For the sixth year in succession, your company received the Silver Shield from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India for the Best Presented Accounts, among the entries received from non-financial, private sector companies, for the year 1999-2000. . The Asiamoney poll of financial analysts voted your company the best in management among the listed companies in India for the fifth time in a row. . The BankAway product from Infosys won the CSI-Wipro Award for the Best Packaged Application in the year 2000.
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Fixed deposits Your company has not accepted any fixed deposits and, as such, no amount of principal or interest was outstanding as of the balance sheet date. Directors During the year, your directors expanded the board and co-opted Prof. Jitendra Vir Singh, Dr. Omkar Goswami, Sen. Larry Pressler, Ms. Rama Bijapurkar, Mr. T. V. Mohandas Pai, Mr. Srinath Batni and Mr. Phaneesh Murthy as additional directors of the company. These appointments require the approval of the members at the ensuing Annual General Meeting. Mr. Susim M. Datta retired as a director of the company on May 27, 2000. As per Article 122 of the Articles of Association, Mr. Ramesh Vangal, Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam, Mr. Deepak M. Satwalekar, Mr. S. Gopalakrishnan and Mr. S.D. Shibulal retire by rotation in the forthcoming Annual General Meeting. All of them, being eligible, offer themselves for re-appointment. Auditors The auditors, Bharat S Raut & Co. Chartered Accountants, retire at the ensuing Annual General Meeting and have confirmed their eligibility and willingness to accept office, if re-appointed. FII investment limit Recently, the Government of India has raised the investment limit in an Indian company for Foreign Institutional Investors (FII) from 40% to 49%, subject to the approval of the board of the investee company and a special resolution by the shareholders of such a company. Your directors are of the opinion that it would be in the interest of the company to increase the limit of such investment to 49%. The necessary resolutions are being placed before the members in the ensuing Annual General Meeting. Conservation of energy, research and development, technology absorption, foreign exchange earnings and outgo The particulars as prescribed under subsection (1)(e) of section 217 of the Companies Act, 1956, read with the Companies (Disclosure of particulars in the report of board of directors) Rules, 1988, are set out in the annexure included in this report. Particulars of employees As required under the provisions of section 217(2A) of the Companies Act, 1956, read with the Companies (Particulars of employees) Rules, 1975, as amended, the names and other particulars of employees are set out in the annexure included in this report. Acknowledgments Your directors thank the company's clients, vendors, investors and bankers for their continued support during the year. Your directors place on record their appreciation of the contribution made by employees at all levels, who, through their competence, hard work, solidarity, cooperation and support, have enabled the company to achieve consistent growth. Your directors thank the Government of India, particularly the Department of Electronics; the Customs and Excise departments; the Software Technology Parks - Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Mohali, Mysore, Pune, Bhubaneswar and New Delhi; the Ministry of Commerce; the Ministry of Finance; the Reserve Bank of India; VSNL; the Department of Telecommunications; the state governments; and other government agencies for their support, and look forward to their continued support in the future. For and on behalf of the board of directors /s/ Nandan M. Nilekani /s/ N. R. Narayana Murthy --------------------------- ------------------------------- Managing Director, President Chairman and Chief Executive and Chief Operating Officer Officer Bangalore April 11, 2001
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Annexures to the directors' report -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- a) Particulars pursuant to Companies (Disclosure of particulars in the report of the board of directors) Rules, 1988 1. Conservation of energy The operations of your company are not energy-intensive. However, adequate measures have been taken to reduce energy consumption by using energy- efficient computers and by the purchase of energy-efficient equipment with the latest technologies. Your company constantly evaluates new technologies and invests in them to make its infrastructure more energy-efficient. Currently, your company uses CFL fittings and electronic ballast to reduce the power consumption of fluorescent tubes. A building automation system to control the working of air conditioners and to make them more energy- efficient has been implemented. Energy-saving air conditioners have been purchased and scroll compressors are being used in place of reciprocating compressors for all packaged and split-type air conditioning systems. Energy-efficient pumps are used for the water system. As energy costs comprise a very small part of your company's total expenses, the financial impact of these measures is not material. 2. Research and development (R&D) Research and development of new services, designs, frameworks, processes and methodologies continue to be of importance at Infosys. This allows your company to increase quality, productivity and customer satisfaction through continuous innovation. a. R&D initiative at institutes of national importance This initiative has been described in the Research and education initiatives section in the directors' report. b. Specific areas for R&D at Infosys Since businesses and technologies are changing constantly, continuous investments in research and development are of paramount importance. Your company has taken the approach that its research must be beneficial to the company and to its clients either in the short term or in the medium term. As in earlier years, your company continues to conduct research in the areas of software engineering, project management, global delivery, emerging technologies, and new tools and techniques. Research has been continuing in the areas of software architecture and performance engineering. This is to help projects deliver high-performance and high-transaction volume software solutions to clients. Research has also been continued in object and component technologies to create modules that enable repeatability across projects. Your company continues to undertake research in the following areas: General software engineering: Your company is constantly improving its methodologies to increase quality and productivity, and to reduce time-to-market for its clients. New technologies: A methodology for performance-testing of web applications has been developed. Products: Your company continues to enhance and develop additional products in the Banking area. Your company has various groups engaged in R&D. The Education and Research (E&R) department conducts short-term and long-term research in the areas of knowledge management, education and training methodologies, and technology- based mechanisms for delivery of education. During the year, the E&R team published 49 papers in leading international / national journals and conferences. Further, an e-commerce research laboratory was established by the E&R department for building expertise and skill sets in e-commerce and web applications. A Web Performance Testing Center was also established. The Software Engineering and Technology Labs (SETLabs) tracks emerging technology trends in the short-term and long-term as well as opportunities for innovation in software development. SETLabs works on diverse areas including, business modeling, architecture definition, technology assessment, infrastructure and security consulting, mobile computing, object and component technology, and operating systems and environments, to name a few. Research findings in the software engineering area have been published in international journals and have been presented at several reputed forums. Built on this foundation of research is a set of cutting-edge consulting services that SETLabs provides to your company's clients, and an extensive repository of technical knowledge and expertise that SETLabs uses to guide project teams to continually improve their quality and productivity. c. Benefits derived as a result of R&D activity Your company has been able to maintain margins despite changes in technology and increased personnel costs. The e-commerce and the Web Performance Testing centers have been instrumental in building expertise in the e-commerce area.
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d. Future plan of action There will be continued focus and increased investment in the above R&D activities. Future benefits are expected to flow in from initiatives undertaken this year. e. Expenditure on R&D for the year ended March 31 [Download Table] in Rs. crore --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Revenue expenditure 14.97 8.08 Capital expenditure 2.14 0.15 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total R&D expenditure 17.11 8.23 R&D expenditure as a percentage of total revenue 0.87% 0.89% -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. Technology absorption, adaptation and innovation During the year, your company successfully migrated to a Windows 2000 backbone. Further, your company made significant additions to the number of servers used for software development, and to the number of file and print servers. Your company also upgraded its mainframe system from the earlier S/390 9672/RA4 to the new H30, and standardized the use of Pentium III 733 MHz system with 256 MB RAM and at least 10 GB hard disk space as the standard desktop PC. Further, all personnel traveling frequently for official purposes are now given Pentium notebook computers. During the year, your company provided all its senior managers with productivity tools such as Palm Vx devices and mobile phones. Your company also implemented a multi-point video-conferencing facility over IP, and implemented IP telephony over WAN and on LAN in one of the campuses. Further, your company has installed a 1.16TB Storage Area Network for hosting corporate data and applications. Your company further invested in middleware technologies, mobile technologies and legacy modernization technologies. Your company has set up laboratories and Centers of Excellence for technology research and competence building. Your company joined several Technical Standards organizations, and continues to be capable of providing total technology solutions to its clients using new technologies and tools. 4. Foreign exchange earnings and outgo a. Activities relating to exports, initiatives taken to increase exports, development of new export markets for products and services, and export plans Your company has had a strong export focus in the past, and expects its export thrust to continue in future. In fiscal 2001, 98.60% of software revenues were derived from exports. Over the years, your company has established a substantial direct marketing network all over the world and now has marketing offices in North America, Europe and the Asia Pacific region. These offices are staffed with sales and marketing specialists who sell your company's services to large, international clients. During the year, your company opened marketing offices in Hong Kong, Sydney, Phoenix (Arizona), U.A.E., Argentina and Paris. It also set up development centers in London, Lisle, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois; Berkeley Heights, New Jersey; and Phoenix, Arizona. Your company also launched a global initiative to increase the awareness of the Infosys brand, and of its products and services. Several press and public relations exercises were launched in the US to enhance your company's visibility. Further, your company plans to take part in several international exhibitions to promote its products and services. During the year, your company's Banking Business Unit won new clients in Nigeria, U.A.E and Mauritius. The long-term goal of your company is to be a highly respected name in the global market for its services and products, and to continue to realize a significant portion of its revenue from exports. b. Foreign exchange earned and used for the year ended March 31 [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. crore ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Foreign exchange earnings 1,728.23 851.72 Foreign exchange outgo (including capital goods and imported software packages) 727.53 336.58 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ For and on behalf of the board of directors /s/ Nandan M. Nilekani /s/ N. R. Narayana Murthy Nandan M. Nilekani N. R. Narayana Murthy Bangalore Managing Director, President and Chief April 11, 2001 and Chief Operating Officer Executive Officer
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Annexures to the directors' report b) Information as per Section 217(2A) of the Companies Act, 1956, read with the Companies (Particulars of employees) Rules, 1975, and forming part of the directors' report for the year ended March 31, 2001 [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SI. Name Designation Qualification Age Date of No. (Years) Joining ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Aashish Bansal Business Development Manager B.Tech. (IIT), PGD(IIM) 36 17.02.2000 *2. Abudmar Louay Software Developer B.E. 28 21.08.2000 *3. Akash Maiti Senior Associate B.E.(H), M.A, PGD 30 05.07.2000 *4. Albena De Assis Software Developer B.Sc. 26 17.07.2000 5. Alexandre Elvis Rodrigues Business Development Manager B.Tech., MBA 30 03.08.1998 6. Ameer Saithu Associate B.Tech., PGD 28 27.03.2000 *7. Amer Yosra Abdul Software Developer B.Sc.(H) 23 21.08.2000 8. Amitabh Pushparaj Mudaliar Associate B.E., PGD(IIM) 29 20.03.2000 *9. Amy (Yuen Chun) Wong Software Developer B.Sc. 23 22.01.2001 10. Ananda Rao Business Development Manager B.E., M.Sc. 42 25.10.1999 *11. Anant Natekar Senior Systems Analyst B.E. 25 09.02.2001 12. Andi Berkowitz Sales Administrator B.A., ASL 48 12.04.1999 *13. Andreas Suwe Project Leader B.Laws, Diploma 34 05.03.2001 *14. Anil Roy Senior Systems Analyst B.E. 26 19.02.2001 *15. Anilkumar Nechiyil Project Manager B.Sc. 40 03.01.2001 *16. Ankur Gupta Business Development Manager B.A.(H), PGD, ACA 28 17.07.2000 17. Ankush Patel Business Development Manager B.E., MBA 33 01.10.1999 *18. Anthony De Laat Delivery Manager B.A., M.Sc., B.Sc. Engg 44 12.03.2001 *19. Anupam Bhatnagar Business Development Manager B.A.(H), LLB, PGD 29 03.08.2000 *20. Arindom Basu Senior Principal B.E.(H), PGD(IIM) 34 05.02.2001 *21. Arjun K. Rao Software Developer B.E., MS 24 22.01.2001 *22. Aroun Balakrishnan Senior Systems Analyst B.Tech. 27 05.03.2001 23. Arun Kumar R. Business Development Manager B.Tech., PGD 30 05.06.1999 *24. Ashish Pandita Software Developer B.E. 27 27.11.2000 25. Ashok Vemuri Business Development Manager B.Sc.(H)., PGD 32 01.10.1999 26. Ayan Chatterjee Business Development Manager B.A.(H), PGD 29 02.11.1998 *27. Balaji Yellavalli Senior Principal B.Tech., PGD 32 18.09.2000 28. Balakrishna D. R. Assistant Project Manager B.E. 29 07.02.1994 29. Balakrishnan P. R. Business Development Manager B.Tech., MBA 28 15.11.1999 30. Balasubramanian P. Senior Vice President B.Tech.(IIT), M.Tech.(IIT), 51 01.10.1995 PhD (Purdue) *31. Balasundaram Gajendran Software Developer B.Sc. 26 21.08.2000 32. Balu A. Assistant Project Manager B.E., Diploma 29 07.11.1994 33. Bartley Richard Higgins Business Development Manager B.A.(H), M.A 52 20.02.1997 34. Basab Pradhan Regional Manager & Vice President - B.Tech., PGD 35 03.10.1994 Sales - West North America *35. Biji P. Thomas Associate B.E., PGD 26 24.04.2000 *36. Bindu Ajay Badola Senior Consultant (ERP) B.E. 31 09.10.2000 *37. Brit Lane Software Developer B.Sc. 24 08.05.2000 *38. Bryan Mallinson Software Developer BBM 24 15.01.2001 *39. BuuQuang Kha Software Developer B.Sc. 23 15.01.2001 40. Chandra Shekar Kakal Associate Vice President B.E., MBA 40 01.03.1999 *41. Cheng "Sean" Sixin Software Developer B.Sc., M.Sc., Diploma 32 08.05.2000 *42. Chi Tat Wong Software Developer B.E. 25 20.11.2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SI. Name Experience Gross Previous Employment - Designation No. (Years) Remuneration (Rs.) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Aashish Bansal 12 39,24,612 HSBC Capital Markets India Pvt. Ltd. - Senior Manager *2. Abudmar Louay 7 1,68,604 Swiss Hotel Management - IT Instructor *3. Akash Maiti 6 32,25,000 Andersen Consulting, Senior Consultant *4. Albena De Assis 3 11,73,631 Siemens - Software Developer 5. Alexandre Elvis Rodrigues 7 39,42,094 Modi Xerox, Production Sales Manager 6. Ameer Saithu 5 8,00,929 PricewaterhouseCoopers, Consultant *7. Amer Yosra Abdul 1 9,26,652 - 8. Amitabh Pushparaj Mudaliar 6 20,90,570 PricewaterhouseCoopers, Consultant *9. Amy (Yuen Chun) Wong 1 9,17,414 Hewitt Associates, Quality Assurance Analyst 10. Ananda Rao 14 37,45,019 SE IT Technologies - Regional General Manager *11. Anant Natekar 3 3,55,587 Fourth Technologies Inc, Consultant 12. Andi Berkowitz 11 19,22,340 Newton Wellesley Chinopractic, Office Manager *13. Andreas Suwe 7 3,49,485 Tucows Inc. - Project Manager *14. Anil Roy 4 3,29,681 Air Check Virginia, Database Administrator *15. Anilkumar Nechiyil 18 11,34,684 First Data Merchant Services, Project Technical Leader *16. Ankur Gupta 6 13,54,975 Arthur Andersen India Pvt. Ltd., Senior Consultant 17. Ankush Patel 9 56,93,010 Nortel Networks, Account Manager *18. Anthony De Laat 19 5,06,510 Oao Technologies Canada - Delivery Director *19. Anupam Bhatnagar 4 5,66,129 Arthur Andersen, Consultant *20. Arindom Basu 10 9,51,974 Andersen Consulting - Senior Manager *21. Arjun K. Rao 1 9,17,414 Recruitmentindia.Com, Webmaster/ Technical Lead *22. Aroun Balakrishnan 5 2,09,764 Blockbuster Inc., Senior Programmer Analyst 23. Arun Kumar R. 8 51,05,674 Nokia Private Limited, Sales Manager - West & South India *24. Ashish Pandita 3 6,21,445 Robert Bosch India Ltd. - Software Developer 25. Ashok Vemuri 9 64,57,918 Bank Of America, Assistant Vice President 26. Ayan Chatterjee 8 69,72,586 Andersen Consulting, Consultant *27. Balaji Yellavalli 11 6,77,625 Feedback Ventures Ltd., Chief Executive Officer 28. Balakrishna D. R. 7 19,04,450 HCL-HP - Customer Relations 29. Balakrishnan P. R. 6 40,98,994 Arthur Andersen, Senior Consultant 30. Balasubramanian P. 28 15,64,794 Hitek Software Engineers Ltd. - CEO/Technical Director *31. Balasundaram Gajendran 3 9,15,681 Queen's University - Student Software Engineer 32. Balu A. 11 19,37,788 Adarsha Polytechnic - Teacher 33. Bartley Richard Higgins 14 65,63,082 Wireless Software, Developer 34. Basab Pradhan 12 84,33,946 Lipton India Ltd., Manager *35. Biji P. Thomas 4 6,31,855 Andersen Consulting, Senior Consultant *36. Bindu Ajay Badola 9 11,76,367 Tata Infotech Ltd. - Systems Specialist *37. Brit Lane 2 13,67,489 Tha Cain Gang Ltd. - Developer *38. Bryan Mallinson 0 4,48,374 - *39. BuuQuang Kha 0 4,15,735 - 40. Chandra Shekar Kakal 18 12,62,452 Ramco Systems - Product Manager *41. Cheng "Sean" Sixin 7 4,28,499 Tian Tian Furniture - Manufacture Engineer *42. Chi Tat Wong 2 5,59,723 The Peer Group - Software Developer -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[Enlarge/Download Table] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sl. Name Designation Qualification Age Date of No. (Years) Joining ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *43. Craig Daniel DeDecker Software Developer BBA 22 22.01.2001 *44. Cynthia Atayan Administrative Assistant SSLC 25 01.06.2000 *45. David Spencer Principal B.A., B.Sc., MBA 36 18.09.2000 46. Dean E. Whiteside Contract Administrator B.A. 35 26.05.1998 47. Debjit Datta Chaudhuri Business Development Manager B.Sc.(H)., PGD(IIM) 28 13.10.1998 *48. Deepak Rao Senior Principal B.Tech.(IIT), PGD(IIM) 37 01.02.2001 *49. Deepak Sundarrajan Senior Systems Analyst B.E. 28 19.02.2001 50. Dinesh Krishnaswamy Director B.Sc., M.Sc. 46 01.09.1981 *51. Duncan Zhang Software Developer B.Tech. 24 08.05.2000 *52. Easaw Pallipeedikayil Easaw Business Development Manager B.E., PGD(IIM) 31 07.04.2000 *53. Eric Seubert Senior Principal B.Sc., MBA 34 28.08.2000 *54. Gaurav Garg Project Manager B.E. 28 30.01.2001 *55. Gautam P. Thakkar Principal B.Sc. 32 17.07.2000 56. George Varghese Business Development Manager B.Com. 33 26.09.1996 *57. Gigi (Chiao Chih) Tsang Software Developer B.Sc.(H). 22 15.01.2001 58. Girish Anant Pashilkar Senior Associate B.Tech.(IIT) , PGD(IIM) 29 20.03.2000 59. Girish G. Vaidya Senior Vice President B.E., PGD(IIM) 50 22.01.1999 *60. Girish M. Aswathanarayana Project Manager B.Tech., MS 31 05.03.2001 *61. Glen Michael Software Developer B.Sc. 24 21.08.2000 62. Gopal Devanahalli Business Development Manager M.Sc.(Tech), PGD 32 01.10.1999 63. Gopalakrishnan S. Deputy Managing Director B.Sc., M.Tech.(IIT) 45 01.02.1981 64. Gopinath Sutar Senior Principal B.Tech., PGD 34 01.10.1999 *65. Goseng Kelvin Lie Software Developer B.Sc.(H). 24 21.08.2000 66. Guhan Kumaran Assistant Project Manager B.E.(H) 26 26.06.1995 67. Hariharan S. Murthy Regional Manager & B.E., PGD 36 01.09.1994 Associate Vice President - Sales - Communication & Product Services *68. Helen Kim Systems Analyst B.A., MED 24 05.07.2000 69. Henri Mabille Senior Principal Diploma 48 01.03.2000 *70. Hoi tung (Harry) Cheung Software Developer Bcom., B.Sc.(H) 24 05.06.2000 *71. Ivan H. Brock Project Leader B.Sc., PhD 36 12.02.2001 *72. Jagdish Natarajan Iyer Business Development Manager B.E.(H), PGD(IIM) 29 15.11.1999 *73. Jahir Hussain Project Manager B.Sc., M.Sc. 31 29.01.2001 *74. Jaime Salvador Arguello Software Developer B.Sc. Engg, 23 22.01.2001 75. Jan DeSmet Vice President - BBA, MBA 41 04.01.1999 Infosys Business Consulting Services *76. Jayaram G. K. Head - Infosys Leadership Institute B.Sc., B.E., PGD(IIM), PhD 60 05.01.2001 77. Jayashree R. Principal B.Sc.(H), M.Sc.(IIT), M.Tech.(IIT), 37 01.10.1999 PGD(IIM) *78. Jenifer K. Adkins Sales Administrator Diploma 34 26.06.2000 *79. Jennifer La Vonne Dean Administrative Assistant B.Sc., Master of Public Adminstration 26 24.04.2000 *80. Jessica M. Chisholm Administrative Assistant B.A. 23 14.02.2001 81. Jitin Goyal Business Development Manager B.E., PGD(IIM) 30 21.12.1998 *82. John O. Fogarty Business Development Manager B.A., MBA 30 20.02.2001 *83. Jonathan Masterton Senior Systems Analyst B.Sc.(H) 27 24.07.2000 84. Judith Ann Ondina Administrative Assistant B.A. 52 16.07.1999 *85. Junqian (Tim) Wu Software Developer B.Sc. 35 08.05.2000 86. Kala Swaminathan Business Development Manager B.Sc. 32 27.01.1999 *87. Kalyana C. Gangavarapu Program Manager B.Tech., PhD (Insead) 31 12.12.2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sl. Name Experience Gross Previous Employment - Designation No. (Years) Remuneration (Rs.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *43. Craig Daniel DeDecker 2 9,17,414 Economy Advertising, System Admin Intern *44. Cynthia Atayan 2 10,33,624 Cisco Systems - Customer Service Quality Specialist *45. David Spencer 15 34,35,405 Spherion, Senior Manager 46. Dean E. Whiteside 7 27,56,041 Bank Of America, Systems Administrator 47. Debjit Datta Chaudhuri 7 50,11,050 Wipro Finance Ltd - Officer *48. Deepak Rao 15 11,53,908 KPMG Consulting - Executive Consultant *49. Deepak Sundarrajan 6 3,27,301 Humana Inc., Designer 50. Dinesh Krishnaswamy 25 16,19,457 Patni Computer Systems Pvt. Ltd.-Senior Software Engineer *51. Duncan Zhang 1 13,96,785 - *52. Easaw Pallipeedikayil Easaw 7 30,01,375 Apex Systems - Senior Marketing Executive *53. Eric Seubert 11 34,32,750 Interim Technology Consulting, Director, E-Business practice *54. Gaurav Garg 6 7,24,493 Polaris Software Lab (India) Ltd.,Consultant (System Manager) *55. Gautam P. Thakkar 11 7,69,211 Andersen Consulting, Manager 56. George Varghese 10 66,22,825 Hitachi - Systems Administrator *57. Gigi (Chiao Chih) Tsan 0 4,15,735 - 58. Girish Anant Pashilkar 7 34,73,672 Arthur Andersen - Senior consultant 59. Girish G. Vaidya 26 16,27,764 ANZ Grindlays Bank Ltd. - Head & Director Operations *60. Girish M. Aswathanarayana 7 2,65,558 G. A. Sullivan, Senior Consultant *61. Glen Michael 2 9,26,530 Industry Canada - Support Analyst 62. Gopal Devanahalli 9 49,35,775 Ford Credit Kotak Mahindra Ltd., Regional Manager 63. Gopalakrishnan S. 21 14,98,189 Software Sourcing Co. - V. P. Technical Group 64. Gopinath Sutar 12 66,97,570 A. T. Kearney, Manager *65. Goseng Kelvin Lie 1 9,15,681 - 66. Guhan Kumaran 6 13,95,843 - 67. Hariharan S. Murthy 13 82,83,759 Redington Pvt Ltd, Marketing Manager *68. Helen Kim 1 17,64,067 Elite Educational Institute, Admin Assistant 69. Henri Mabille 24 45,43,165 Sia Sa Group - Financial Director Group *70. Hoi tung (Harry) Cheung 4 13,60,560 The Muses Arts & Recreation Center - Web Manager *71. Ivan H. Brock 7 3,40,307 Escom Software Services - Development Manager *72. Jagdish Natarajan Iyer 6 9,47,439 Reuters India Ltd. - Head - Client Solutions *73. Jahir Hussain 7 6,56,533 Complete Business Solutions Inc, - Manager *74. Jaime Salvador Arguello 3 9,17,414 Washington University, Web Master 75. Jan DeSmet 17 1,01,95,268 Diamond Technology Partners, Senior Principal *76. Jayaram G. K. 30 3,51,339 Transformation Systems Inc. - Chairman 77. Jayashree R. 11 23,71,115 Schoolnet India Ltd. - Vice President *78. Jenifer K. Adkins 16 14,68,439 Credit Lyonnais, Executive Assistant/Office Manager *79. Jennifer La Vonne Dean 3 14,81,789 Oakland Ready To Learn, Project Administrator *80. Jessica M. Chisholm 2 2,57,456 Linotext America Inc., Account Manager 81. Jitin Goyal 7 59,95,432 Citi Bank - Manager *82. John O. Fogarty 8 3,47,074 Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, Vice President - Financial Advisor *83. Jonathan Masterton 2 14,16,235 Logica UK Ltd. - Team Leader 84. Judith Ann Ondina 17 15,42,678 Sprint, Human Resource Co-ordinator *85. Junqian (Tim) Wu 6 7,26,230 The Hospital for Sick Children - Research Specialist of Genetics 86. Kala Swaminathan 10 48,98,976 Parametric Technology Corporation, Regional Manager *87. Kalyana C. Gangavarapu 10 3,95,291 Oracle Corp. - Practice Director
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Annexures to the directors' report (contd.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sl. Name Designation Qualification Age Date of No. (Years) Joining ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 88. Karen J. Hutton Sales Manager B.A. 40 05.01.1998 *89. Ken Wong Software Developer B.Sc. 23 15.01.2001 90. Krishna N. V. Business Development Manager B.E., PGD(XLRI) 31 20.10.1999 91. Kshitij Kumar Assistant Project Manager B.Tech. 28 27.06.1994 *92. Kumail Jaffer Software developer BCS 26 15.01.2001 *93. Laura Beth Rehrig Software Developer B.Sc. 22 22.01.2001 *94. Li John Kaming Software Developer B.Sc.(H), Diploma 26 21.08.2000 *95. Lin Quan Software Developer B.E. 30 21.08.2000 *96. Lo Szekit Software Developer B.Sc., MS 27 21.08.2000 97. Lokesh Prasad Business Development Manager B.Tech.(H), PGD 27 04.05.1998 98. Madhav Mohan Business Development Manager B.Sc., MMS 31 01.10.1999 99. Mahesh Desai Business Development Manager B.E., PGD(IIM) 28 03.06.1996 *100. Mahitha Krishnan Software Developer B.Sc., MCA 23 15.01.2001 *101. Maki Ishibashi Coordinator Diploma 27 13.07.2000 *102. Mangos Constantine Software Developer B.Com., B.A 23 21.08.2000 *103. Manish Goyal Senior systems analyst B.E. 28 27.11.2000 *104. Manish Verma Business Development Manager B.Tech., MBA 32 09.12.1999 *105. Manish Kumar Sinha Associate B.Tech.(IIT), PGD(IIM) 27 01.02.2000 106. Mary Ann Usher Sales Administrator B.A. 45 21.06.1999 *107. Mcewan Jason Richard Software developer B.Sc. 23 21.08.2000 *108. Meg Tiedemann Sales Administrator M.A. 46 06.11.2000 *109. Merlyn Lee Business development Manager B.E., M.Sc. 48 05.03.2001 110. Mohandas Pai T. V. Director & CFO B.Com., LLB, FCA 42 17.10.1994 111. Nachiket Vibhakar Sukhtankar Business development Manager B.A., B.Sc., M.A 32 29.11.1999 112. Nagarajan Venkateswaran Associate Vice President B.Tech., MS 40 17.04.2000 *113. Nanaz Rohani Sales Administrator B.Sc. 27 26.07.2000 114. Nandan M. Nilekani Managing Director, President & COO B.Tech.(IIT) 45 01.07.1981 *115. Naomi Grossack Sales Administrator BBM 26 26.06.2000 116. Narayana Murthy N. R. Chairman & CEO B.E., M.Tech.(IIT) 54 18.03.1982 *117. Natarajan B. Business Development Manager B.Tech., PGD 27 15.05.2000 118. Neelesh Marik Business Development Manager B.Tech.(IIT), PGD(IIM) 33 15.11.1999 *119. Neeraj Dubey Software Developer B.E.(H) 34 20.11.2000 *120. Neeraj Kumar Senior Systems Analyst B.E. 26 06.01.1997 121. Norman Schutz Business Development Manager B.Com. 44 21.01.1998 *122. Olga Shnaider Software Developer B.A.(H) 30 15.01.2001 *123. Omar Dominguez Software Developer B.Sc. 27 04.07.2000 124. Owhen Astorga Administrative Assistant B.A., Diploma 37 18.06.1999 *125. Padmanabhan Venkataraman Associate Vice President B.E., M.E. 46 05.03.2001 *126. Palachandra Seetharam Technical Architect B.E. 32 31.07.2000 *127. Paul Maillard Software Developer B.Sc.(H) 26 18.09.2000 *128. Pendse Mayur Arvind Software Developer B.Sc. 23 21.08.2000 *129. Peter James Mitchell Business Development Manager PUC 31 07.08.2000 130. Phaneesh Murthy Director - Sales & Marketing and B.Tech., PGD 37 08.10.1992 Communication & Product Services 131. Prabhu M. S. S. Senior Vice President B.E., PhD (IISc) 53 01.08.1997 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sl. Name Experience Gross Previous Employment - Designation No. (Years) Remuneration (Rs.) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88. Karen J. Hutton 18 37,24,213 Feist & Hutton, Senior Consultant *89. Ken Wong 0 4,15,735 - 90. Krishna N. V. 8 48,38,969 Hindustan Lever Limited - Area Sales Manager 91. Kshitij Kumar 7 19,48,789 - *92. Kumail Jaffer 0 4,15,735 - *93. Laura Beth Rehrig 3 9,17,414 PIL Inc, Cooperative Associate *94. Li John Kaming 2 9,26,621 York Chinese Christian Fellowship - Secretary *95. Lin Quan 6 10,83,343 Infotech Consulting Co. - Java Developer *96. Lo Szekit 3 9,66,979 Philips Electronics-Advance Transformer - Design Engineer II 97. Lokesh Prasad 3 41,65,223 - 98. Madhav Mohan 9 67,72,245 Bank of America - AVP & Regional Sales Manager 99. Mahesh Desai 6 34,45,681 Pertech Computers Ltd - Marketing Manager *100. Mahitha Krishnan 1 4,29,684 Samtech Inc. - Programmer/Consultant *101. Maki Ishibashi 5 14,00,180 Tokyo Executive Center Inc. - Secretary *102. Mangos Constantine 2 9,37,440 Spectrum United Mutual Funds - Accounts Administrator *103. Manish Goyal 6 10,10,976 Elc Systems - Consultant *104. Manish Verma 9 40,18,728 Hindustan Lever Ltd., Senior Product Manager *105. Manish Kumar Sinha 4 2,24,273 Mckinsey & Company, Inc. - Associate 106. Mary Ann Usher 16 18,76,769 Racal Datacon Inc, Sales Support Representative *107. Mcewan Jason Richard 4 9,37,471 Information Technology Services - Network Consultant *108. Meg Tiedemann 14 7,92,637 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Marketing Associate *109. Merlyn Lee 22 2,45,154 Tata Engineering Company - Trainee Engineer & Production Engineer 110. Mohandas Pai T. V. 21 13,61,112 Prakash Leasing Limited - Executive Director 111. Nachiket Vibhakar Sukhtankar 7 44,47,105 Andersen Consulting, Manager 112. Nagarajan Venkateswaran 18 47,95,003 Synthel Inc, Troy, Michigan, Delivery Manager *113. Nanaz Rohani 5 14,37,099 Stanford University, Academic Affairs Co-Ordinator 114. Nandan M. Nilekani 23 16,16,021 Patni Computer Systems Pvt. Ltd. - Asst. Project Manager *115. Naomi Grossack 5 15,24,507 Communications Collaborative, Contractor 116. Narayana Murthy N. R. 32 14,97,390 Patni Computer Systems Pvt. Ltd. - Head - Software Group *117. Natarajan B. 5 13,80,149 Arthur Andersen India Pvt. Ltd., Senior Consultant 118. Neelesh Marik 9 45,33,329 Andersen Consulting - Manager *119. Neeraj Dubey 13 7,00,003 Cit Canada Inc - Consultant *120. Neeraj Kumar 4 2,78,556 TELCO - Trainee 121. Norman Schutz 20 33,53,172 Ikon Technologies Services - Vice President (Business Development) *122. Olga Shnaider 4 4,15,735 Future Shop Ltd. - Computer Sales Specialist *123. Omar Dominguez 4 12,16,481 Electronic Data Systems - Information Analyst Associate 124. Owhen Astorga 18 20,82,535 Palex, Inc., Payroll Administrator *125. Padmanabhan Venkataraman 22 1,12,816 Delphi Automotive Systems - Vice President Software Operations *126. Palachandra Seetharam 10 16,49,903 CAP Gemini America - Senior Consultant *127. Paul Maillard 4 9,42,485 Contax Inc - Junior Business Consultant *128. Pendse Mayur Arvind 5 9,15,590 Mainline Foods/Dairy Queen - Night Supervisor *129. Peter James Mitchell 8 15,54,107 Webnax.Com Au. Pty. Ltd. - Business Manager & Sales Manager 130. Phaneesh Murthy 14 1,90,93,935 Sonata Software, Regional Manager 131. Prabhu M. S. S. 27 13,44,242 Tata Consultancy Services - Vice President
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[Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sl. Name Designation Qualification Age Date of No. (Years) Joining ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 132. Pradeep Prabhu Business Development Manager B.Com. 32 04.11.1991 *133. Pramod V. Ponkshe Project Manager B.E. 36 11.01.2001 134. Prasad T. P. Regional Manager & B.E., PGD 36 04.09.1995 Associate Vice President - Sales - South North America 135. Praveen Kumar Senior Associate B.E., MS, PhD(Cambridge Univ.) 33 31.01.2000 *136. Raghunath Basavanahalli Business Development Manager BS in Engg 34 09.03.2001 137. Rahul Madhav Godbole Business Development Manager B.A., M.A., MBA 35 15.11.1999 138. Rajeev Minocha Business Development Manager B.E., PGD 36 26.08.1999 *139. Rajeswari Palaniappan Project Manager B.Sc., MCA 34 01.08.2000 140. Ravi Kumar Shelvankar Business Development Manager B.E., MS 32 02.01.1997 *141. Read Hugh Gorden Software Developer B.Sc. 24 21.08.2000 *142. Reka K. Maximovitch Executive Assistant B.A., MPA 30 18.10.1999 143. Ribhu Kansal Senior Systems Analyst B.E., PGD(IIM) 27 10.05.1999 144. Ritesh Mohan Idnani Business Development Manager B.Com., MBA 28 01.10.1999 *145. Roitman Evgueni Software Developer B.Sc. 24 21.08.2000 *146. Romit Dey Business Development Manager B.Sc., MBA 29 03.10.2000 *147. Ryan D. Hill Software Developer BBA 23 22.01.2001 *148. Sam Chan Software Developer B.Sc. 24 15.01.2001 *149. Sam Ho Software Developer B.Sc.(H) 26 06.11.2000 150. Samir Agrawal Associate B.Tech., PGD 29 24.03.2000 *151. Samir Bali Senior Principal B.A.(H), LLB, PGD 36 28.08.2000 *152. Sandeep Chadha Project Manager B.Tech. 33 15.02.2001 153. Sandeep Kaujalgi Business Development Manager B.E., MMS 30 17.05.1999 *154. Sanjay Dalwani Business Development Manager B.E., PGD 33 08.12.2000 155. Sanjay Dutt Business Development Manager B.Tech.(H), PGD 32 20.12.1999 *156. Sanjay Jalona Senior Project Manager M.Sc. (Tech) 32 15.12.2000 *157. Sanjay Mohan Principal B.Sc., PGD(IIM), M.E(IISc) 33 30.10.2000 *158. Sanjay Purohit Senior Manager (Quality) B.E. 34 27.12.2000 *159. Sanjay Viswanathan Business Development Manager B.A., Diploma, MBA, PGD 31 06.10.2000 *160. Sanjay Pathak Technical Architect B.Tech., MTech(IIT), PhD 31 13.12.2000 *161. Sarojendu Majumdar Associate Vice President M.Sc.(IIT) 44 30.10.2000 *162. Sasmita Mohapatra Senior Systems Analyst B.E. 26 03.07.2000 163. Sathisha B. K. Business Development Manager B.E., M.E. 32 05.01.1998 *164. Satrajit Pal Senior Project Manager B.E. 31 12.03.2001 *165. Satyendra Kumar Vice President-Quality B.Sc.(H)., M.Sc. 47 27.09.2000 *166. Seshadiri Parthasarathy Project Leader B.Tech. 29 18.12.2000 *167. Seshadri Bhoovaraghan Project Manager B.E. 27 04.12.2000 *168. Shailesh Joshi Senior Project Manager B.E. 42 18.12.2000 169. Sharad K. Hegde Senior Vice President B.Tech.(IIT), PGD 42 01.07.1983 *170. Shashidhar B. Ramakrishnaiah Project Manager B.E. 30 14.02.2001 171. Shibulal S. D. Director B.Sc., M.Sc., MS (Boston Univ.) 46 01.09.1981 *172. Shirish Agnihotri Senior Project Manager B.Sc. Engg, M.Sc. 46 24.01.2001 Management 173. Shveta Arora Associate B.E., PGD(IIM) 28 07.02.2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sl. Name Experience Gross Previous Employment - Designation No. (Years) Remuneration (Rs.) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132. Pradeep Prabhu 11 51,27,430 Saxena Software Consultants, Senior Executive *133. Pramod V. Ponkshe 16 10,65,160 Foxboro Japan Corporation - Project Manager 134. Prasad T. P. 12 68,72,670 Wipro Infotech, Regional Sales Manager 135. Praveen Kumar 6 49,90,719 Andersen Consulting - Manager *136. Raghunath Basavanahalli 13 2,18,170 HCL Technologies America Inc., Account Manager 137. Rahul Madhav Godbole 10 43,34,663 Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Ltd., Senior Manager 138. Rajeev Minocha 13 46,93,027 Prefetti India Limited, Managing Director *139. Rajeswari Palaniappan 12 24,15,042 Complete Business Solutions Inc. - Manager 140. Ravi Kumar Shelvankar 8 66,69,803 ITW Signode Ltd, Senior Executive, Sales *141. Read Hugh Gorden 1 9,37,562 - *142. Reka K. Maximovitch 8 16,96,236 Champion Nutrition - Administrator/ Project Manager 143. Ribhu Kansal 4 17,93,952 NIIT Ltd. - Senior Systems Associate 144. Ritesh Mohan Idnani 6 58,20,632 PricewaterhouseCoopers, Senior Consultant *145. Roitman Evgueni 3 9,15,681 Levitronics Corp. - Analyst *146. Romit Dey 7 2,82,264 PricewaterhouseCoopers, Principal Consultant *147. Ryan D. Hill 0 28,881 - *148. Sam Chan 0 4,15,735 - *149. Sam Ho 4 7,50,116 Aim Funds Management Inc. - Senior Software Developer 150. Samir Agrawal 6 22,06,984 A. T. Kearney, Associate *151. Samir Bali 12 5,64,481 Coopers Lybrand, Principal Consultant *152. Sandeep Chadha 13 5,90,936 Lockheed Martin Ims, Project Leader 153. Sandeep Kaujalgi 7 29,93,175 SISL - Head, Transportation Solutions Business *154. Sanjay Dalwani 11 10,58,019 HCL Technologies America, Inc, Account Manager 155. Sanjay Dutt 10 40,91,838 A. T. Kearney Limited, Manager - Strategy & Re-Engg. *156. Sanjay Jalona 11 3,60,151 Gemplus India Pvt. Ltd. - Director *157. Sanjay Mohan 7 21,36,867 Cap Gemini America, Inc. - Principal Consultant *158. Sanjay Purohit 11 3,06,634 Tata Quality Management Services - Senior Consultant *159. Sanjay Viswanathan 9 14,28,012 Hinduja Group Worldwide - Vice President (Business Development) *160. Sanjay Pathak 8 9,26,743 US Interactive - Senior Systems Architect *161. Sarojendu Majumdar 21 21,26,142 British Telecom - Integration Manager *162. Sasmita Mohapatra 6 20,96,624 Secor Consulting Ltd. - Consultant 163. Sathisha B. K. 11 54,43,814 Larsen & Toubro - Planning *164. Satrajit Pal 11 2,39,014 RS Software - Project Manager & Technical Consultant *165. Satyendra Kumar 25 8,52,911 IMR Global - Vice President *166. Seshadiri Parthasarathy 9 6,76,421 CAT - Consultant *167. Seshadri Bhoovaraghan 7 10,72,254 Sabre Inc., Senior Consultant *168. Shailesh Joshi 18 9,33,368 GE Global Exchange Service - Senior Project Manager (Extranet Development) 169. Sharad K. Hegde 20 12,83,018 Patni Computer Systems Pvt. Ltd. - Software Engineer Trainee *170. Shashidhar B. Ramakrishnaiah 8 5,35,921 Mediaserv Information Architects Inc, Senior Solutions Consultant 171. Shibulal S. D. 25 14,97,765 Sun Micro Systems - Senior I. R. Manager *172. Shirish Agnihotri 17 7,29,880 MCK Comm. Inc., Calgary, Director - Product Management 173. Shveta Arora 5 22,76,796 A. T. Kearney - Associate
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[Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Annexures to the directors' report (contd.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sl. Name Designation Qualification Age Date of No. (Years) Joining ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *174. Sion (Xiao) Peng Software Developer B.Sc. 28 15.01.2001 *175. Skye Winterbourne Administrative Assistant B.Sc. 29 06.06.2000 176. Sobha Meera P. R. Regional Manager & Vice President - B.E., PGD 33 12.04.1995 Sales - Canada & East North America 177. Socka Suppiah Senior Principal B.E., MBA 48 22.03.2000 *178. Sohrab Peshoton Kakalia Associate Vice President B.Sc., B.Sc. Engg, 36 11.09.2000 179. Srikanth S. Senior Associate B.E., PGD 29 11.10.1999 180. Srinath Batni Director B.E., M.E.(IISc) 46 15.06.1992 181. Srinath Kashyap Business Development Manager B.E. 35 04.12.1997 182. Srinath P. Business Development Manager B.Tech., PGD 31 23.11.1998 183. Srinivas V. Business Development Manager B.Tech.(H), PGD 31 03.06.1996 184. Srinjay Sengupta Regional Manager & B.Sc.(H) (IIT), PGD(IIM) 33 01.07.1996 Associate Vice President - Sales 185. Sriram V. Regional Manager & B.E., PGD(IIM) 36 03.01.1997 Associate Vice President - Sales *186. Srividhya Ramakrishnan Business Development Manager B.Sc., PGD 29 03.04.2000 187. Subbalakshmi D. V. Assistant Marketing Manager B.Tech.(IIT), PGD(IIM) 33 02.09.1996 188. Subhash B. Dhar Regional Manager & B.E., PGD 34 24.02.1997 Associate Vice President - Sales - Ebusiness Practice *189. Suchitra Eswaran Marketing Analyst B.Com., MBA 24 15.01.2001 *190. Sudhakar Jayaram Business Development Manager B.E.(H), MBA 29 05.06.2000 *191. Sudhanshu Asthana Senior Systems Analyst B.Sc., MS, MCA 34 01.03.2001 *192. Sudhir Chaturvedi Business Development Manager B.E., PGD, MBA(Leeds Univ.) 31 15.05.2000 193. Sudhir Subramanya Holla Senior Associate B.E., PGD 30 10.11.1999 *194. Suresh Rajappa Senior Systems Analyst B.E., 30 05.03.2001 *195. Sven Andersen Norgaard Software Developer B.A. 23 22.01.2001 *196. Swaroop Krishna Systems Analyst B.E. 32 31.07.2000 *197. Thomas K Krautle Project Leader BS 31 05.04.2000 *198. Todd A. MacCallum Business Development Manager B.A., MBA 31 22.01.2001 199. Tulika Misra Systems Analyst B.Tech. 26 10.11.1997 *200. Ushvinder S. Bhatia Project Leader B.E. 30 04.07.2000 *201. Venkatesh Srinivasan Principal B.Com., ICWA, ACA 30 21.08.2000 *202. Victoria Shea H. R. Generalist B.A. 33 05.04.2000 *203. Vikas Maniar Business Development Manager B.E., PGD(IIM) 31 20.12.1999 *204. Vineet Toshniwal Business Development Manager B.E., MBA 29 19.06.2000 *205. Vishal Modi Associate B.Com., M.A., MS 27 12.06.2000 *206. Vivek Bhatnagar Business Development Manager B.E., PGD, MS 32 03.07.2000 *207. Vivekanand M. K. Project Manager B.E. 32 25.10.2000 *208. Wang Ying Software Developer B.Sc. 24 21.08.2000 *209. Yashesh Mahendra Kampani Principal B.Com., Graduate CWA, ACA 30 11.09.2000 210. Yezdi M. Mehta Business Development Manager B.Com., MBA 35 21.11.1997 *211. Ying (Karen) Li Software Developer B.Sc. 21 08.05.2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Annexures to the directors' report ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sl. Name Experience Gross Previous Employment - Designation No. (Years) Remuneration (Rs.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *174. Sion (Xiao) Peng 3 4,15,735 Fuzhou TV station, News reporter *175. Skye Winterbourne 5 2,76,313 AEA Credit Union - ATM Dispute/Fraud Coordinator 176. Sobha Meera P. R. 10 86,16,203 Sonata Software, Marketing Executive 177. Socka Suppiah 10 10,24,745 Andersen Consulting - Senior Manager *178. Sohrab Peshoton Kakalia 13 8,84,917 PSI Data Systems Ltd., Manager-Business Unit 179. Srikanth S. 6 43,25,112 Pricewater House, Consultant 180. Srinath Batni 23 12,13,404 PSI Bull (I) Ltd. - Senior Manager Marketing Technical Support 181. Srinath Kashyap 12 37,83,272 TCS, Sales, Associate Consultant 182. Srinath P. 7 60,86,098 Citi Bank N. A., Manager 183. Srinivas V. 7 54,86,572 IDM, Marketing Executive 184. Srinjay Sengupta 10 85,52,820 Procter & Gamble - Manager 185. Sriram V. 13 82,79,077 Wipro - Business Person *186. Srividhya Ramakrishnan 6 15,64,922 Asian Paints (I) Ltd, Product Executive, Branch Executive 187. Subbalakshmi D. V. 7 7,91,455 Lintas - Executive 188. Subhash B. Dhar 12 64,60,405 Ravi Database Consul, VP Marketing *189. Suchitra Eswaran 3 5,09,054 Hutchinson Max Telecom, Sales Officer *190. Sudhakar Jayaram 6 23,85,120 ISC, Head - Business Development *191. Sudhanshu Asthana 5 2,58,302 Preis24.Com AG - Trainee *192. Sudhir Chaturvedi 6 34,56,663 Ernst & Young UK Ltd. - Senior Business Analyst 193. Sudhir Subramanya Holla 7 32,43,949 Andersen Consulting, Senior Consultant *194. Suresh Rajappa 5 2,21,939 C. S. Solutions Inc., Analyst/IT Consultant *195. Sven Andersen Norgaard 5 9,17,414 Oral B laboratories, Information Technology Intern *196. Swaroop Krishna 6 12,74,861 CGI Group Inc. - Programmer *197. Thomas K Krautle 10 17,24,481 Fujitsu International Consulting Associates, Canada -Team Leader *198. Todd A. MacCallum 9 6,85,314 Reylon Technology, Inc., Business Development Executive 199. Tulika Misra 4 16,00,672 Tata Consultancy Services - Assistant Systems Analyst Trainee *200. Ushvinder S. Bhatia 8 19,21,590 IBM Inc. - Analysis & Design *201. Venkatesh Srinivasan 10 5,17,476 Arthur Andersen, Experienced Manager *202. Victoria Shea 13 18,53,547 EDS System House - Staffing Specialist *203. Vikas Maniar 7 40,13,983 Iridium India Telecom Limited - Regional Operations Manager *204. Vineet Toshniwal 6 11,17,883 Bank of America - Assistant Vice President *205. Vishal Modi 6 30,13,172 MIT Startup Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Research Scientist *206. Vivek Bhatnagar 8 10,77,517 Andersen Consulting, Senior Consultant *207. Vivekanand M. K. 10 22,40,505 HCL Technologies - Business Development Manager *208. Wang Ying 1 9,15,590 - *209. Yashesh Mahendra Kampani 6 1,39,827 PricewaterhouseCoopers, Manager 210. Yezdi M. Mehta 11 58,47,896 Dictaphone Corporation, Manager, Systems Marketing *211. Ying (Karen) Li 1 13,28,438 Dept. of Economics, University Of Toronto - Database Design & Maintenance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Notes: Remuneration comprises basic salary, allowances and taxable value of perquisites. * Employed for part of the year. None of the employees are related to any director of the company N. R. Narayana Murthy, Nandan M. Nilekani, Gopalakrishnan S., Dinesh K. and Shibulal S. D. own more than 1% of the outstanding shares of the company as on March 31, 2001. None of the other employees own more than 1% of the outstanding shares of the company as on March 31, 2001. For and on behalf of the board of directors /s/ Nandan M. Nilekani /s/ N. R. Narayana Murthy Nandan M. Nilekani N. R. Narayana Murthy Bangalore April 11, 2001 Managing Director, President Chairman and Chief Operating Officer and Chief Executive Officer
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Annexures to the directors' report (contd.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- c) The directors' responsibility statement as required under section 217 (2AA) of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000 The financial statements are prepared in conformity with the accounting standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and the requirements of the Companies Act, 1956, to the extent applicable to the company; on the historical cost convention; as a going concern and on the accrual basis. There are no material departures from prescribed accounting standards in the adoption of the accounting standards. The accounting policies used in the preparation of the financial statements have been consistently applied, except where otherwise stated in the notes on accounts. The board of directors and the management of Infosys accept responsibility for the integrity and objectivity of these financial statements. The estimates and judgments relating to the financial statements have been made on a prudent and reasonable basis, in order that the financial statements reflect in a true and fair manner, the form and substance of transactions, and reasonably present the company's state of affairs and profits for the year. To ensure this, the company has taken proper and sufficient care in installing a system of internal control and accounting records; for safeguarding assets, and, for preventing and detecting frauds as well as other irregularities; which is reviewed, evaluated and updated on an ongoing basis. Our internal auditors have conducted periodic audits to provide reasonable assurance that the established policies and procedures of the company have been followed. However, there are inherent limitations that should be recognized in weighing the assurances provided by any system of internal controls and accounts. The financial statements have been audited by Bharat S Raut & Co., Chartered Accountants, and the independent auditors. The audit committee at Infosys meets periodically with the internal auditors and the independent auditors to review the manner in which the auditors are performing their responsibilities, and to discuss auditing, internal control and financial reporting issues. To ensure complete independence, the independent auditors and the internal auditors have full and free access to the members of the audit committee to discuss any matter of substance. For and on behalf of the board of directors, Infosys Technologies Limited d) Auditors' certificate on compliance with mandatory recommendations of Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee Report on Corporate Governance We have examined the relevant records of Infosys Technologies Limited (the company) for the year ended March 31, 2001 relating to compliance with the requirements of corporate governance as contained in the Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee Report and state that in our opinion, and to the best of our knowledge and according to the information and explanations given to us, the company has complied with the mandatory requirements contained in the aforesaid report. for Bharat S Raut & Co. Chartered Accountants /s/ Balaji Swaminathan Bangalore Balaji Swaminathan April 11, 2001 Partner
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Risk management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The management cautions readers that the risks outlined below are not exhaustive and are for information purposes only. Investors are requested to exercise their own judgment in assessing various risks associated with the company and to refer to discussions of some of these risks in the company's earlier Annual Reports and Securities and Exchange Commission filings. In a dynamic industry such as IT services, risk is an inherent aspect of business. Risk taking is an essential ingredient for growth. The negative fallouts of such an ingredient, however, need to be managed through effective risk mitigation - both at the strategic as well as at the transactional level. This is especially so in the current scenario where the business environment is going through a turbulent phase. Revenue shortfall and profit warnings, coupled with employee retrenchments, are the order of the day among many of the Fortune 500 companies. It is indeed during such times that a company's ability to manage risk is put to an acid test. Infosys' business model rests on four pillars - Predictability, Sustainability, Profitability and De-risking (the PSPD model). This model helps the management evaluate risk-return trade-offs and thereby make effective strategic choices. The company focuses on long-term relationships with its clients and seeks to become a strategic partner in their quest for competitiveness. This leads to a predictable and sustainable revenue stream for the company. Infosys' pioneering Global Delivery Model has helped the company consistently be among the most profitable IT services companies in the world. The last element of the model - de-risking - provides the company with the strength and stability to effectively react to changes in the business environment. A comprehensive and integrated risk management framework forms the basis of all the de-risking efforts of the company. Prudential norms aimed at limiting exposures are an integral part of this framework. Formal reporting and control mechanisms ensure timely information availability and facilitate proactive risk management. These mechanisms are designed to cascade down to the level of line managers so that risks at the transactional level are identified and steps are taken towards mitigation in a decentralized fashion. The board of directors is responsible for monitoring risk levels on various parameters and the management council ensures implementation of mitigation measures, if required. The audit committee provides the overall direction on the risk management policies. 1. Business portfolio risks . E-business exposure . Service concentration . Client concentration . Geographical concentration . Vertical domain concentration . Technology concentration 2. Financial risks . Foreign currency rate fluctuations . Liquidity . Leverage 1. Business portfolio risks Excessive dependence on any single business segment increases risk and therefore needs to be avoided. To this end, the company has adopted prudential norms, wherever required, to prevent undesirable concentration in any one vertical, technology, client or geographic area. 1.1 E-business exposure In recent years, the Internet has emerged as an efficient platform for enabling business transactions. This has created a significant business opportunity for IT service companies such as Infosys. Over the last two years, Infosys has demonstrated the ability to partner with high technology companies as well as with established corporations embracing the e-paradigm. Due to the inherently risky nature of start-up companies, Infosys has chosen to focus on Fortune 500 and other established corporations. This is reflected in the table below showing a break-up of Infosys' e-business revenues: [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 FY 2001 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Internet and e-commerce-related revenues (US $ mn) 23.0 30.8 32.5 31.2 117.5 Of this- business from established corporations 62% 70% 80% 84% 75% - business from dot-coms and venture-funded companies 38% 30% 20% 16% 25% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.2 Service concentration Infosys has an array of service offerings across various horizontal and vertical business segments. These services are designed to offer the company end-to-end capability in delivering IT solutions to its clients and also add stability and predictability to the its revenue stream. The following table provides historical data on contribution to revenues from the various service offerings. [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Service offerings FY 2001 FY 2000 FY 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Development 40.0% 43.7% 34.8% Maintenance 25.4% 28.6% 41.0% Re-engineering 9.3% 10.1% 10.7% Package implementation 7.2% 6.0% 5.5% Consulting 4.9% 1.6% -% Testing 2.9% 0.7% 0.2% Engineering services 1.7% 2.0% 0.8% Other services 6.1% 4.7% 3.9% Products 2.5% 2.6% 3.1% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.3 Client concentration Excessive exposure to a few large clients has the potential to impact profitability and to increase credit risk. However, large clients and high repeat business lead to higher revenue growth and lower marketing costs. Therefore, the company needs to strike a balance. Infosys has chosen to limit revenue from any one client to 10% of the total revenue. In addition to increasing revenues from existing clients, Infosys actively seeks new business opportunities and clients to reduce client concentration levels. During the year, the company added 122 clients. The following table provides historical data on client concentration. [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FY 2001 FY 2000 FY 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active clients 273% 194% 115% Clients added during the year 122% 99% 39% % of revenues from the largest client 7.3% 7.2% 6.4% % revenues from top five clients 26.0% 30.2% 28.4% % revenues from top ten clients 39.2% 45.7% 44.0% Clients accounting for *5% of total revenue 3 4 5% No. of million-dollar clients 80 42 35 No. of 5-million-dollar clients 19 10 6 No. of 10-million-dollar clients 11 4 - No. of 20-million-dollar clients 3 - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * More Than 1.4 Geographical concentration A high geographical concentration of business could lead to volatility because of political and economic factors in target markets. However, individual markets have distinct characteristics - growth, IT spends, willingness to outsource, costs of penetration, and price points. Cultural issues such as language, work culture and ethics, and acceptance of global talent also come into play. Due to these business considerations, the company has decided not to impose any rigid limits on geographical concentration. Proactively looking for business opportunities in new geographies and thereby increasing their contribution to total revenues helps manage this risk. In line with this, the company has made significant efforts to enhance business from Europe and Asia Pacific. The company opened five marketing offices in the US, Europe and the Asia Pacific during this fiscal year. The following table provides historical data relating to geographical concentration. [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Geographical area FY 2001 FY 2000 FY 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- North America 73.5% 78.0% 82.0% Europe 18.8% 14.8% 9.4%
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[Enlarge/Download Table] India 1.4% 1.4% 1.7% Rest of the World 6.3% 5.8% 6.9% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.5 Vertical domain concentration Vertical domains relate to the industries in which clients operate. Infosys has chosen to focus on certain vertical segments with a view to leverage accumulated domain expertise to deliver enhanced value to its clients. To ensure that cyclicality in any one industry does not adversely impact revenues, the proportion of revenue from each vertical domain is closely monitored. Focused marketing efforts in chosen domains serve to mitigate this risk. The following table provides historical information on the proportions of revenue from various domains. [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vertical domain FY 2001 FY 2000 FY 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Manufacturing 17.8% 23.0% 24.6% Insurance, banking & financial services 33.7% 30.1% 23.3% Insurance 14.2% 15.0% 9.0% Banking & financial services 19.5% 15.1% 14.3% Telecom 18.4% 15.4% 14.2% Retail 9.1% 10.6% 13.8% Utilities 1.4% 3.0% 3.7% Transportation & logistics 2.2% 2.8% 5.5% Others 17.4% 15.1% 14.9% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.6 Technology concentration Being a company exposed to rapid shifts in technology, an undue focus on any particular technology could adversely affect the risk profile of the company. Given the rapid pace of technological change, Infosys has chosen not to impose rigid concentration limits. Often, industry characteristics and market dynamics determine the choice of technology. The following table provides historical technology-related data. [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Technology FY 2001 FY 2000 FY 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Distributed systems 44.6% 47.2% 41.5% Mainframe / mid-range 13.6% 25.0% 37.1% Internet 28.4% 13.6% 3.7% Proprietary telecom systems 5.1% 6.8% 12.1% Others 8.3% 7.4% 5.6% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Financial risks 2.1 Foreign currency rate fluctuations While Infosys derives its revenue from 28 countries around the world, 89.6% of revenues in fiscal 2001 was dollar-denominated. Further, all contracts that Infosys enters into are in internationally tradeable currencies so that the company does not end up with local currencies that have significant non-tradability and downside risks on exchange fluctuations. A large proportion of Infosys' expenses are in Indian rupees. Operating profits are therefore subject to foreign currency rate fluctuations. While a depreciation of the Indian rupee would have a favorable bottom-line impact, an appreciation would affect the company's profitability adversely. The table below gives the foreign currency receipts and payments. [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. crore ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FY 2001 FY 2000 FY 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Earnings in foreign currency 1,728.23 851.72 477.44 Revenue expenditure in foreign currency 612.29 296.56 162.75 Net revenue foreign currency earnings 1,115.94 555.16 314.69 Capital expenditure in foreign currency 115.24 40.02 29.81 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net foreign currency earnings 1,000.70 515.14 284.88 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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As a net foreign currency earner, Infosys has a natural hedge on all forex- related payments. All dollar expenses are met out of dollar-denominated accounts. A significant portion of the surplus funds is maintained in foreign currency deposits. The company does not take active trading positions in the foreign currency markets and operates only to hedge its receivables. Any bad debt write-offs in foreign currencies are effected only after obtaining permission from the Reserve Bank of India. 2.2 Liquidity An essential part of the financial strategy of Infosys is to have a liquid balance sheet. The company desires to have liquid assets at 25% of revenue and around 40% of total assets. Operating as it does in a high technology area, a high level of liquidity enables quick responses to rapid changes in the environment. Infosys also has a policy to settle its payables well within stipulated time frames. Further, the nature of business is such that significant investments may have to be made in marketing, and research and development activities. All these factors call for considerable liquidity. The following table gives data on the liquidity position of the company based on Indian GAAP. [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ratio FY 2001 FY 2000 FY 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Operating cash flow as % of revenue 27.61% 27.07% 30.98% Days of sales receivable 58% 56% 61% Cash and equivalents as % of assets 41.57% 61.00% 72.51% Cash and equivalents as % of revenue 29.47% 55.17% 81.26% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.3 Leverage Infosys has been a debt-free company for the last four financial years. Currently, the company has a policy to use debt financing only for short- term funding requirements, should the necessity arise. 3. Legal and statutory risks 3.1 Contractual liabilities Litigation regarding intellectual property rights, patents and copyrights is significantly high in the software industry. In addition, there are other general corporate legal risks. The management has clearly charted out a review and documentation process for contracts. This process focuses on evaluating the legal risks involved in a contract, on ascertaining the legal responsibilities of the company under the applicable law of the contract, on restricting its liabilities under the contract, and on covering the risks involved. The management has also taken sufficient insurance cover abroad to cover possible liabilities arising out of non- performance of the contract. The management reviews this on a continuous basis and takes corrective action. As a matter of policy the company does not enter into contracts that have open-ended legal obligations. To date, the company has no material litigation in relation to contractual obligations pending against it in any court in India or abroad. 3.2 Statutory compliance Infosys has a compliance officer to advise the company on compliance issues, with respect to the laws of various jurisdictions in which the company has its business activities, and to ensure that the company is not violating the laws of any jurisdiction where the company has operations. The compliance officer reports to the board of directors from time to time on the compliance or otherwise with the laws of various jurisdictions. Various business heads give compliance certificates to the board of directors and the compliance officer reports deviations, if any. Generally, the company takes appropriate business decisions after ascertaining from the compliance officer and, if necessary, from independent legal counsel, that the business operations of the company are not in contravention of any law in the jurisdiction in which it is undertaken. Legal compliance issues are an important factor in assessing all new business proposals. The company has strengthened its legal team and put in place appropriate policies towards legal compliance. The company follows an affirmative policy in protecting its trade name and trademark / service mark and is actively pursuing trademark infringement suits against various persons / companies in India. 4. Internal process risks 4.1 Leadership development As the company experiences continuous growth, one of the key imperatives is to develop leadership among the talent pool that the company possesses. The Infosys Leadership Initiative has been launched to develop a large
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number of leaders at various levels. This initiative would seek to develop and facilitate leadership skills proactively among Infoscions through a mix of classroom and action-oriented learning. 4.2 Human resource management The key resource for Infosys is its people. The company has been able to create a favorable work environment that encourages innovation and meritocracy. This is reflected in the fact that Infosys was rated as the Best Employer of India in the Business Today-Hewitt Study, based on a survey of HR practices of leading Indian corporates. An employee-friendly work environment combined with a well-balanced compensation package, ensures that Infosys has one of the lowest employee attrition rates in the industry today. The table below gives attrition rates for the past three years: ------------------------------------------------------------------------- FY 2001 FY 2000 FY 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Attrition rate 11.2% 9.2% 11.5% ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Infosys enjoys excellent relationships with leading universities in India and thus has a huge talent pool to draw from. The company added 4,033 software professionals during the year ended March 31, 2001. This was achieved in spite of the stiff entry criteria the company sets for aspiring employees. 4.3 Process maturity Risk management processes at the operational level are a key requirement for reducing uncertainty in delivering high-quality software solutions to clients within budgeted time and cost. Adoption of quality models such as the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity Model (SEI-CMM) has ensured that risks are identified and measures are taken to mitigate them at the project plan stage itself. Infosys has been certified to have software development processes at Level 5 of the CMM, a distinction that only 37 companies in the world have achieved. A Risk Management Guideline is in place to provide guidance to project leaders and module leaders on ways in which risks can be identified and mitigated. Further, important metrics are collected and analyzed for all projects, and a database of such information is maintained to focus attention on key improvement areas. Standard methodologies, perfected through accumulated experience, form the basis for execution of projects in most of Infosys' service offerings. Infosys also has effective systems in place to ensure creation, documentation and dissemination of experiential knowledge. The backbone of this system is a user-friendly, searchable database known as the Body of Knowledge (BoK) comprising knowledge components contributed by employees of the company. Incentive schemes are in place to encourage a knowledge sharing culture in the organization. Even so, the company has now created a dedicated central team of experts in the knowledge management sphere to provide further impetus to this initiative. This group will create technology aids and also facilitate knowledge accumulation and dissemination through innovative methods. While Infosys has significantly mature processes in the software development arena, the company has been focusing its attention during the year on enhancing the process quality of other enterprise processes, and aligning them with the organizational objectives. World-class models of process excellence like the 6-sigma technique and the Malcolm Baldrige quality framework guide this initiative. Through this initiative, many of the processes critical to the long-term competitiveness of the company have been taken up for re-engineering. The power of IT has been used in all such instances to achieve quantum leaps in process performance. As a result of such efforts, the company won the IMC Ramkrishna Bajaj award during the year. This award, based on the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Framework, is given to Indian companies for enterprise process excellence. 4.4 Internal control systems Being a process-oriented company, Infosys has in place well-defined roles and responsibilities for people at various levels. This, coupled with robust internal information systems, ensures appropriate information flow to facilitate effective monitoring. Adherence to these processes is ensured through frequent internal audits. Additionally, the following measures are in place to ensure proper control: Any unbudgeted expense has to be approved by the managing director, president and COO. Any policy change has to be approved by a committee headed by managing director, president and COO after a 5-year profitability impact assessment.
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Senior management personnel submit periodic reports on their activities and achievements to be reviewed by the managing director, president and COO. Infosys uses an operations planning model to forecast personnel requirements based on business projections. The personnel requirements are incorporated into the annual capital budgeting exercise. Any material change in the business outlook is factored into the personnel forecasts and capital budgets. Effective budgetary control on all capital expenditure ensures that actual spending is in line with the capital budget. 4.5 Disaster prevention and recovery Adherence to ISO 9001 and CMM Level 5 quality standards has ensured that the company has a robust disaster prevention and recovery system in place. The company has a disaster recovery plan for each of its work locations as well as for each technology category. Possible risks for each category have been identified and action plans put in place to cope with any contingencies. These plans are reviewed and updated periodically to make sure that they are in tune with changes in technology and risks. All software media brought into the company's offices are scanned for viruses before being used. Further, Infosys has firewalls in place on all connections to clients and to the Internet. 4.6 Technological obsolescence The company evaluates technological obsolescence and the associated risks on a continuing basis and makes investments accordingly. Information technology is possibly the only area where costs for a given technology reduce over time. The cost of acquiring technology also includes the cost of installation and retraining. The technology requirements of the company can be classified into three categories; different strategies are used to manage risk in each category. The first category is the company's desktop environment consisting of PCs along with associated software. In this category, volumes are large and retraining costs are high. The company considers this a commodity product and goes for a technology that is mature- not leading-edge - so that costs are low. The company has also standardized its user interface software so that retraining costs are minimal. Once the warranty period on these systems expires, they are donated to educational and charitable institutions, after obtaining suitable approval. The second category of systems are proprietary systems used for the development of software for clients as well as the servers used for running internal IS applications. The technological obsolescence in these areas is not rapid, especially in the mainframe segment. Purchase decisions in this category are determined by client requirements. The company has standardized on the Windows NT platform for its internal IS needs. Network components also fall into this category and the company is standardizing its network components, based on a few suppliers. The third category of systems are the tools required for software development including project management tools, integrated software development environments, testing and other CASE tools, collaborative software development tools, etc. In this category, the company continuously looks out for leading-edge products that help increase productivity and also give the company an advantage over its competitors. In its technology infrastructure, Infosys aims to be on par with or better than its competitors anywhere in the world, as well as its clients. The company's clients would like it to advise them on emerging products and technologies. Hence, Infosys continuously invests in these technologies. Several research initiatives are going on in the company to review and adopt the technology for use internally, as well as, on client projects. The company's amortization strategy reflects the requirements of the various categories of systems. Infosys has an aggressive amortization program under which category 1 and 2 are amortized in 2 years, except for mainframe technology. Further, purchase of software is treated as revenue expenditure in the same year. Other assets are also aggressively amortized to ensure that the investment is current, and that any change in technology would not lead to large write-offs. Such an amortization policy also ensures full cost recovery as part of current costs. The following table gives depreciation expense and software expense as a proportion of revenues for the last three years (based on Indian GAAP). [Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------- FY 2001 FY 2000 FY 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depreciation / average gross block 24.7% 23.5% 26.2% Depreciation / total revenue 5.8% 5.8% 7.0% ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Software for own use / total revenue 1.6% 1.8% 2.9% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
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5. Political risks Recognizing that India's education system, its world-class professionals, and its low cost structure give it an intrinsic comparative advantage in software exports, successive governments have accorded a special status to this industry. Given the consensus among all leading political parties on the importance of the software industry, it is likely to remain a focus area for governmental policy in the years to come. Business ties between the US corporations and the Indian software industry have been strong for several years now. These ties have been further strengthened with improving bilateral relationships between the two governments over the past two years. Several benefits have accrued to the industry due to this trend, including a recent increase in the cap on H-1B work permits from 115,000 per annum to 195,000 per annum. Similar improvements have been seen with countries such as Germany, UK, Italy and Japan. Given such positive trends, the company believes that its exposure to political risk is not very significant.
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Corporate governance -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corporate governance policies Infosys has been a pioneer in benchmarking its corporate governance practices with the best in the world. Given below are the company's policies on corporate governance. A. Board composition 1. Responsibilities of the CEO and the COO The current policy of the company is to have an executive chairman and chief executive officer (CEO), and a managing director, president and chief operating officer (COO). There is a clear demarcation of responsibilities and authority between the two. The CEO is responsible for corporate strategy, brand equity, planning, external contacts, acquisitions, and board matters. The managing director and COO is responsible for all day-to-day, operations-related issues and for the achievement of annual targets in customer satisfaction, sales, profitability, quality, productivity, recruitment, training and employee retention. The CEO, COO, the other executive directors and the senior management make periodic presentations to the board on their responsibilities, performance and targets. 2. Size of the board The board has sixteen members. 3. Executive and independent directors The current policy is to have an appropriate mix of executive and independent directors to maintain the independence of the board, and to separate the board functions of governance and management. To ensure independence of the board, the members of the audit committee, the nominations committee and the compensation committee are composed entirely of independent directors. The current board has eight independent directors and eight executive directors. Five of the executive directors are founders of the company. 4. Board membership criteria Board members are expected to possess the expertise, skills and experience required to manage and guide a high growth, hi-tech, software company deriving revenue primarily from G-7 countries. Expertise in strategy, technology, finance, quality and human resources is essential. Generally, they will be between 40 and 60 years of age. They will not be relatives of an executive director or of an independent director. They are generally not expected to serve in any executive or independent position in any company in direct competition with Infosys. Board members are expected to rigorously prepare for, attend, and participate in all board and applicable committee meetings. Each board member is expected to ensure that their other current and planned future commitments do not materially interfere with the member's responsibility as a director of Infosys. 5. Membership term The board constantly evaluates the contribution of its members, and recommends to shareholders their re-appointment periodically as per statute. The current law in India mandates the retirement of one-third of the board members every year and qualifies the retiring members for re- appointment. The executive directors are appointed by the shareholders for a maximum period of five years at one time, but are eligible for re- appointment upon completion of their term. The non-executive directors do not have a specified term, but retire by rotation as per law. The nominations committee of the board, composed entirely of independent directors, recommends such appointments / re-appointments. However, the membership term is limited by the retirement age for the members. 6. Retirement policy The board has adopted a retirement policy for its members. Under this policy, the maximum age of retirement of executive directors, including the CEO, is 60 years, which is the age of superannuation for the employees of the company. Their continuation as members of the board upon superannuation / retirement is determined by the nominations committee. The age limit for retirement from the board is 65 years. 7. Board compensation review The compensation committee determines and recommends to the board the compensation payable to the members of the board. The compensation of the executive directors consists of a fixed component and a performance incentive. The compensation committee makes a quarterly appraisal of their performance. The annual compensation of the executive directors is approved by the compensation committee, within the
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parameters set by the shareholders at the shareholders meetings. The shareholders determine the compensation of the executive directors for the entire period of their term. The compensation of the independent directors is approved at a meeting of the full board. The compensation payable to each of the independent directors is limited to a fixed sum per year as determined by the board. The aggregate of these is within the limit of 0.5% of the net profits of the company for the year, calculated as per the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, as approved by the shareholders, and is separately disclosed in the financial statements. The compensation payable to the independent directors, and the method of calculation are also disclosed separately in the financial statements. The executive directors who are also founders of the company have voluntarily excluded themselves from the 1994 Stock Offer Plan, the 1998 Stock Option Plan and the 1999 Stock Option Plan. The independent directors are also not eligible for stock options under these plans, except the 1999 Stock Option Plan. However, no options have been issued during the year, under the plan, to the independent directors. 8. Memberships of other boards Executive directors are excluded from serving on the board of any other entity, unless the said entity is an industrial entity whose interests are germane to the business of the software industry, or a government body that is of relevance to the software industry, or an entity whose objective is the upliftment of society. Independent directors are generally not expected to serve on the boards of competing companies. Other than this, there are no limitations on them save those imposed by law and good corporate governance. B. Board meetings 1. Scheduling and selection of agenda items for board meetings Normally, board meetings are scheduled at least a month in advance. Most of them are held at the company's registered office at Electronics City, Bangalore, India. The chairman of the board and the company secretary draft the agenda for each meeting, along with explanatory notes, and distribute it in advance to the board members. Every board member is free to suggest the inclusion of items on the agenda. Normally, the board meets once a quarter to review the quarterly results and other items on the agenda. The board also meets on the occasion of the annual shareholders' meeting. If necessary, additional meetings are held. Independent directors are normally expected to attend at least four board meetings in a year. A committee of the board meets as and when required for transacting business of a routine nature. 2. Availability of information to the members of the board The board has unfettered and complete access to any information within the company, and to any employee of the company. At the meetings of the board, it welcomes the presence of managers who can provide additional insights into the items being discussed. C. Board committees 1. The committees of the board Currently, the board has four committees - the audit committee, the compensation committee, the nominations committee and the investor grievance committee. All these committees excluding the investor grievance committee are composed entirely of independent directors. The investor grievance committee is composed of a non-executive chairman and some of the executive and non-executive directors. The functions of these committees are described in the Report of committees of the board section in this report. 2. Assignment and terms of service of committee members The board decides, in consultation with the chairman, and considering the views of individual board members, the terms of service of various committees, and the assignment of specific board members to various committees. 3. Frequency and duration of committee meetings and committee agenda The chairman of the board, in consultation with the company secretary of the company and the committee chairman, determines the frequency and duration of the committee meetings. Normally, the committees meet at least twice a year. However, the audit committee meets four times a year. The recommendations of the committee are submitted to the full board for approval. 4. Quorum for the meetings The quorum should be either two members or one-third of the members of the committees, whichever is higher.
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D. Management review and responsibility 1. Formal evaluation of officers A committee headed by the chairman and CEO reviews, evaluates and decides the annual compensation for officers of the company from the level of associate vice president, excluding members of the management council. Further, the compensation committee approves the compensation and benefits for board members, as well as, for the members
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of the management council. Grants of stock options, under the 1994 Stock Offer Plan, were decided by the advisory board, constituted under the 1994 Plan. The compensation committee of the board administers the 1998 Stock Option Plan and the 1999 Stock Option Plan. 2. Succession planning and management development The chairman reviews succession planning and management development with the board from time to time. 3. Board interaction with clients, employees, institutional investors, the government and the press The chairman and CEO handles all interactions with investors, media, and governments. In this task, he seeks advice and help from the managing director, president and COO, as well as the CFO, where necessary. The managing director and COO manages all interaction with clients, taking the advice and help of the CEO, where necessary. Both the CEO and the COO handle employee communication. 4. Risk management The company has an integrated approach to managing the risks inherent in various aspects of its business. As part of this approach, the board of directors (BoD), is responsible for monitoring risk levels on various parameters, and the management council is responsible for ensuring implementation of mitigation measures, if required. The audit committee provides the overall direction on the risk management policies. Compliance with corporate governance codes Corporate governance has assumed great significance in India in the recent past. Even though the Companies Act, 1956, provided a framework for corporate governance, defined the powers, duties and responsibilities of the board, and instituted a system of checks and balances with punishment for transgression of law, a need was felt for a comprehensive code of corporate governance. Globally, the Cadbury Committee on corporate governance has framed a similar code. As already stated, the company is committed to good corporate governance and has benchmarked itself against global best practices. The Confederation of the Indian Industry (CII) has taken the lead in framing such a code in India. The company has fully complied with the recommendations of CII on corporate governance. The Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee on Corporate Governance appointed by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) submitted its report in November 1999, and the report was accepted by SEBI in December 1999. The recommendations of the committee are mandatory for the company, effective fiscal year 2001, and compliance with the same is discussed below. As additional disclosure of the company's compliance with corporate governance standards, reports on compliance with the Euroshareholders Corporate Governance Guidelines 2000, the Cadbury Committee recommendations, and the Blue Ribbon Committee recommendations are given hereunder. Further, a note on the company's compliance with the corporate governance guidelines of six countries, in their respective local languages, is presented in the Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with GAAP requirements of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the United Kingdom and reports of compliance with the respective corporate governance standards section in this report. 1. Compliance with the recommendations of the Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee on Corporate Governance "In an age where capital flows worldwide, just as quickly as information, a company that does not promote a culture of strong, independent oversight, risks its very stability and future health. Strong corporate governance is thus indispensable to resilient and vibrant capital markets, and is an important instrument of investor protection." Excerpts from the Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee Report on Corporate Governance The company has complied with all the recommendations of the committee. In recommendation No.7.1 on accounting standards and financial reporting, the committee has stated that the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) should issue certain further accounting standards that should be made mandatory. The ICAI has issued accounting standards on segment reporting, disclosure and treatment of related party transactions, consolidation and earnings per shares and the same is mandatory for the accounting period commencing April 1, 2001. The ICAI has also submitted an exposure draft on accounting for taxes on income. The company has adopted all the mandatory accounting standards in its financial statements for the year ending March 31, 2001. The company has also provided pro-forma information in relation to the exposure draft on accounting for income taxes in the notes to financial statements for the year ending March 31, 2001. The committee has required certain information set out in annexure 4 of the committee's report to be furnished in the company's Annual Report. The same is given below:
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a. Company's philosophy on code of governance The company is committed to good corporate governance and has benchmarked itself against global best practices. The company provides detailed information on various issues concerning the company's business and financial performance. The company respects the inalienable rights of its shareholders to information on the performance of the company and considers itself a trustee of its shareholders. b. Board of directors Composition and category of directors, as of March 31, 2001: [Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Category No. of directors % ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Founder directors 5 31.2 Executive directors 3 18.8 Non-executive, independent directors 8 50.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 16 100.0 ========================================================================= The chairman of the board is an executive director. Attendance of each director at the BoD meetings and the last AGM [Enlarge/Download Table] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of Board meetings No. of Board meetings Last AGM attendance Director held attended (Yes/No) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- N. R. Narayana Murthy 5 5 Yes Nandan M. Nilekani 5 5 Yes Deepak M. Satwalekar 5 4 Yes Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam 5 5 Yes Ramesh Vangal 5 3 Yes Philip Yeo 5 1 No Prof. Jitendra Vir Singh 1 1* 1 NA Dr. Omkar Goswami 2 1* 1 NA Sen. Larry L. Pressler 3 1* 1 NA Rama Bijapurkar 4 -* - NA Gopalakrishnan S. 5 5 Yes Dinesh K. 5 5 Yes Shibulal S. D. 5 5 Yes T. V. Mohandas Pai 5 4* 4 NA Phaneesh Murthy 5 4* 4 NA Srinath Batni 5 4* 4 NA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /1/ Co-opted on October 10, 2000 /2/ Co-opted on November 13, 2000 /3/ Co-opted on January 9, 2001 /4/ Co-opted on March 29, 2001 /5/ Co-opted on May 27, 2000 * Indicates the board meetings held after appointment as a director. Number of BoD meetings held, dates on which they were held Five board meetings were held during the year on April 11, 2000, May 27, 2000, July 11, 2000, October 10, 2000 and January 9, 2001. c. Audit committee The company is listed on the BSE, NSE and BgSE in India and on the NASDAQ in the US. In India, the SEBI has made the implementation of the Birla committee recommendations mandatory for all listed companies. The recommendations also require the adoption of an audit committee charter. Concurrently, the SEC set up the Blue Ribbon Committee which recommended, inter alia, that every listed company adopt an audit committee charter. Consequently, NASDAQ adopted a rule requiring all companies seeking listing to comply with this recommendation. The audit committee at its meeting on May 27, 2000 adopted an audit committee charter which meets the requirements of both the SEBI and the SEC. This charter is provided in the Audit committee charter section of this report.
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Terms of reference The terms of reference of the audit committee are set out in the Audit committee charter. Composition The audit committee consists of the following directors: Mr. Deepak M. Satwalekar - Chairman Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam Mr. Ramesh Vangal Dr. Omkar Goswami (from January 9, 2001) Sen. Larry Pressler (from January 9, 2001) Ms. Rama Bijapurkar (from April 10, 2001) During the year, Mr. S. M. Datta retired from the directorship of the company and also from the committee. Meetings and attendance during the year [Download Table] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of committee No. of committee Director meetings held meetings attended --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deepak M. Satwalekar 5 5 Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam 5 5 Ramesh Vangal 5 3 Dr. Omkar Goswami ** - - Sen. Larry Pressler ** - - Ms. Rama Bijapurkar ** - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- The report of the audit committee is provided in the Report of the committees of the board section in the Annual Report. Number of audit committee meetings held, and the dates on which they were held Five audit committee meetings were held during the year. They were held on April 10, 2000, May 27, 2000, July 10, 2000, October 9, 2000 and January 8, 2001. d. Compensation committee Terms of reference The committee has the mandate to review and recommend compensation payable to the executive directors and senior management of the company and administer the company's stock option plans. Composition Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam - Chairman Mr. Deepak M. Satwalekar Mr. Philip Yeo (from January 9, 2001) Prof. Jitendra Vir Singh (from January 9, 2001) Dr. Omkar Goswami (from January 9, 2001) Attendance during the year [Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of committee No. of committee Director meetings held meetings attended ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deepak M. Satwalekar 5 5 Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam 5 5 Philip Yeo 5 1 Prof. Jitendra Vir Singh** - - Dr. Omkar Goswami ** - - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of compensation committee meetings held, and the dates on which they were held Five compensation committee meetings were held during the year on April 10, 2000, May 27, 2000, July 10, 2000, October 9, 2000 and January 8, 2001.
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** Meetings held after their induction to the committee
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Details of remuneration and grant of stock options to the directors for fiscal 2001 Remuneration [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. except as stated otherwise -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notice Performance period Severance Name Designation Salary incentive Commission Total (months) fee -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- N. R. Narayana Murthy Chairman and 16,60,296 1,05,450 - 17,65,746 6 - Chief Executive Officer Nandan M. Nilekani Managing 17,78,927 1,05,450 - 18,84,377 6 - Director, President and Chief Operating Officer Deepak M. Satwalekar Director - - 11,64,000 11,64,000 - - Prof. Marti G. Director - - 11,64,000 11,64,000 - - Subrahmanyam Ramesh Vangal Director - - 11,64,000 11,64,000 - - Philip Yeo Director - - 11,64,000 11,64,000 - - Prof. Jitendra Vir Singh Director - - 5,51,704 5,51,704 - - Dr.Omkar Goswami Director - - 4,43,277 4,43,277 - - Sen. Larry Pressler Director - - 2,61,501 2,61,501 - - Rama Bijapurkar Director - - 9,567 9,567 - - Gopalakrishnan S. Deputy 16,61,095 1,05,450 - 17,66,545 6 - Managing Director Dinesh K. Director 17,82,363 1,05,450 - 18,87,813 6 - Shibulal S. D. Director 16,60,671 1,05,450 - 17,66,121 6 - T.V. Mohandas Pai Director 13,42,501 49,567 - 13,92,068 6 - Phaneesh Murthy Director 98,53,940 46,69,000 - 1,45,22,940 6 - Srinath Batni Director 12,04,175 44,542 - 12,48,717 6 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grant of stock option ---------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] Stock Options ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of No. of Whether Options Options Grant issued (1999 Grant (1998 price at a Expiration Name Designation ESOP) price ESOP) (US$) discount date ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- T.V. Mohandas Pai Director 10,000 5,724 - - No Feb 26, 2010 Phaneesh Murthy Director - - 20,000 98.25 No Feb 26, 2010 Srinath Batni Director 5,500 5,724 2,000 98.25 No Feb 26, 2010 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The report of the compensation committee is provided in the Report of committees of the board section in the report. No stock options were granted to the other directors. e. Investor grievance committee Terms of reference The committee oversees share transfers and monitors investor grievances. Composition The members of the company's investor grievance committee are: Mr. Philip Yeo - Chairman (from January 9, 2001) Ms. Rama Bijapurkar (from April 10, 2001) Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani Mr. Dinesh K. Mr. Shibulal S.D. Name and designation of compliance officer T. V. Mohandas Pai, Director - Finance & Administration and Chief Financial Officer Number of shareholder complaints received, number not solved to the satisfaction of the shareholder and number of pending transfers These details are provided in the Shareholder information section of this report.
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f. General body meetings - Location and time for the last three AGMs [Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year Date Venue Time ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1997-1998 May 30,1998 Taj Residency, No. 41/3, 3.00p.m. M. G. Road, Bangalore, India. 1998-1999 June 12, 1999 -same as above- 3.00p.m. 1999-2000 May 27, 2000 -same as above- 3.00p.m. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Whether special resolutions were put through postal ballot last year, details of voting pattern, person who conducted the postal ballot exercise, proposed to be conducted through postal ballot and procedures for postal ballot. Not applicable. The Companies (Amendment) Act (2000) provides for postal ballot but no rules have been made thereunder. g. Disclosures Disclosures on materially-significant, related party transactions, that is transactions of the company of material nature, with its founders, the directors or the management, their subsidiaries or relatives, etc. that may have potential conflict with the interests of company at large. Related parties include subsidiaries, directors of the company, and management council members of the company. This is provided under the paragraph "related party transactions" in the Financial statements prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Principles (Indian GAAP) section in this Annual Report. Details of non-compliance by the company, penalties, strictures imposed on the company by any stock exchange or SEBI or any statutory authority, on any matter related to capital markets, during the last three years. None. h. Means of communication Quarterly report sent to each household of shareholders Since June 1997, the company has been sending quarterly reports, which contain audited financial statements under Indian GAAP and unaudited US GAAP financial statements, along with additional information, to shareholders. Quarterly results - which newspapers they are normally published in; websites where they are displayed; whether it also displays official news releases; and the presentations made to institutional investors or to the analysts The quarterly results are generally published in The Economic Times, the Udayavani and the Business Standard. Quarterly financial statements as well as annual financial statements, along with segmental information, are posted on the company's website (http://www.infy.com). Earnings calls with analysts and investors are broadcast live on the website and their transcripts are posted on the website soon thereafter. Any specific presentations made to analysts and others, which are not available in the general domain, are also posted on the company's website. Whether the Management Discussion and Analysis section is a part of the Annual Report or not The Management Discussion and Analysis section is provided in both the Financial statements prepared in accordance with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Indian GAAP) section and the Financial statements prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) section in this Annual Report. i. General shareholder information This is provided in the Shareholder information section of this Annual Report. 2. Compliance with the Euroshareholders Corporate Governance Guidelines 2000 The European shareholders group, "Euroshareholders", is the confederation of European shareholders associations. The organization's overall task is to represent the interests of individual shareholders in the European Union. In April 1999, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) published its general principles on corporate governance. The Euroshareholders guidelines are based upon the same principles, but are more specific and detailed. The company has complied with most of these guidelines. As an additional disclosure of the company's compliance with corporate governance standards, a report on compliance with the recommendations of the Euroshareholders Corporate Governance Guidelines 2000 is given hereunder. Recommendation 1 A company should aim primarily at maximizing shareholder value in the long-term. Companies should clearly state (in writing) their financial objectives as well as their strategy, and should include these in the Annual Report. This recommendation is complied with. Recommendation 2 Major decisions which have a fundamental effect upon the nature, size, structure and risk profile of the company, and decisions which have significant consequences for the position of the shareholder within the corporation, should be subject to shareholder's approval or should be decided by the AGM.
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As per Indian law, the majority of these require approval of the shareholders in the general meeting of the company.
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Recommendation 3 Anti-takeover defences or other measures which restrict the influence of shareholders should be avoided. The company does not have any anti-takeover provisions in its Memorandum and Articles of Association. Recommendation 4a The process of mergers and takeovers should be regulated and compliance with these regulations should be supervised. Not applicable. Recommendation 4b If a shareholder's stake in the company passes a certain threshold, that shareholder should be obliged to make an offer for the remaining shares under reasonable conditions, that is, at least the price that was paid for the control of the company. The Securities and Exchange Board of India has published takeover guidelines that require an open offer by holders who acquire more than a specified percentage of the company. Recommendation 5 Companies should immediately disclose information which can influence the share price as well as information about those shareholders who pass (upwards or downwards) 5% thresholds. There should be serious penalties in case of non- compliance. As per the listing agreement, Indian companies are required to immediately inform stock exchanges about all price-sensitive information. As per the takeover guidelines of Securities and Exchange Board of India, shareholders who hold more than 5% of the equity of the company need to intimate the company immediately on reaching the limit. The company needs to immediately notify the stock exchanges on which it is listed, upon receipt of such information. Recommendation 6 Auditors have to be independent and should be elected by the general meeting. This recommendation is complied with. Recommendation 7 Shareholders should be able to place items on the agenda of the AGM. As per the Indian law, shareholders holding not less than one-tenth of the paid-up capital of the company are entitled to requisition a general meeting. Recommendation 8 In addition to the regular channels, electronic means should be used by the company to provide shareholders with price-sensitive information. The company posts all its financial results, as well as press releases, on its website - www.infy.com. Recommendation 9 Shareholders shall have the right to elect members of at least one board and shall also be able to file a resolution for dismissal. Prior to the election, shareholders should be able to suggest candidate members of the board. As per Indian law, directors are elected by members in the general meeting, either by show of hands or a poll. Recommendation 10a The membership of non-executives on the board, whether in a one-tier or two-tier system (member of the supervisory board), should be limited to a maximum period of twelve years. The current law in India mandates the retirement of one-third of the board members every year and qualifies the retiring members for re-appointment. Executive directors are appointed by the shareholders for a maximum period of five years at one time but are eligible for re-appointment upon completion of their term. Recommendation 10b No more than one non-executive board member should have served as an executive member of the company. All the non-executive directors of the company, as of date, are independent directors. 3. Compliance with the Cadbury Committee recommendations The Cadbury Committee was set up in May 1991, in the United Kingdom. The stated objective of the committee was "to help raise the standards of corporate governance and the level of confidence in financial reporting and auditing by setting out clearly what it sees as the respective responsibilities of those involved and what it believes is expected of them".
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As an additional disclosure of the company's compliance with corporate governance standards, a report on compliance with the Cadbury Committee recommendations is given hereunder.
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Compliance The Cadbury Committee on corporate governance made nineteen recommendations. The company complies with substantially all of them except the recommendation that - the board should consist of a majority of non- executive directors -currently, the company has eight executive directors and eight non-executive directors. The company has set up committees of the board to focus on substantive issues in the form of the audit committee, the compensation committee, the nominations committee and the investor grievance committee. The reports of these committees are disclosed under the Report of the committees of the board section in this Annual Report. Going concern statement On the basis of current financial projections and facilities available, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and, accordingly, consider that it is appropriate to adopt the going concern basis in preparing accounts. 4. Compliance report with Blue Ribbon Committee report on improving effectiveness of corporate audit committees The Blue Ribbon Committee was formed under the auspices of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission to develop a series of recommendations to enable "audit committees to function as the ultimate guardian of investor interests and corporate accountability". It has recommended that exchange listing requirements be amended to require audit committees to adopt a formal written charter and review and assess it annually. A compliance report on the recommendations of the committee is presented below. Recommendation 1 Adopt the following definition of independence for purposes of service on the audit committee. Members of the audit committee shall be considered independent if they have no relationship to the corporation that may interfere with the exercise of their independence from management and the corporation. This recommendation is complied with. None of the directors are an interested party as defined in this recommendation. Recommendation 2 In addition to adopting and complying with the definition of independence set forth above for purposes of service on the audit committee, have an audit committee comprised solely of independent directors. The committee recommends that the NYSE and the NASD maintain their respective current audit committee independence requirements as well as their respective definitions of independence. The audit committee consists only of independent, non-executive directors. Recommendation 3 To have an audit committee comprised of a minimum of three directors, each of whom is financially literate (as described in the section of this Report entitled "Financial Literacy") or becomes financially literate within a reasonable period of time after his or her appointment to the audit committee, and further that at least one member of the audit committee have accounting or related financial management expertise. Infosys complies with this requirement. The members of the committees are highly respected and accomplished professionals in the corporate and academic worlds. They are financially literate. Recommendation 4 Require the audit committee of each listed company to (i) adopt a formal written charter that is approved by the full BoD and that specifies the scope of the committee's responsibilities, and how it carries out those responsibilities, including structure, processes, and membership requirements, and (ii) review and reassess the adequacy of the audit committee charter on an annual basis. The audit committee charter is provided in the Audit committee charter section of this annual report. Recommendation 5 Require the audit committee for each reporting company to disclose in the company's proxy statement for its annual meeting of shareholders whether the audit committee had adopted a formal written charter, and, if so, whether the audit committee satisfied its responsibilities during the prior year in compliance with its charter, which charter shall be disclosed at least triennially in the Annual Report to shareholders or proxy statement and in the next Annual Report to shareholders or proxy statement after any significant amendment to that charter. The committee further recommends that the SEC adopt a "safe harbor" applicable to all disclosure referenced in this Recommendation 5.
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This recommendation is complied with. Recommendation 6 Require that the audit committee charter for every listed company specify that the outside auditor is ultimately accountable to the BoD and the audit committee as representatives of shareholders, and that these shareholder representatives have the ultimate authority and responsibility to select, evaluate, and, where appropriate, replace the outside auditor (or to nominate the outside auditor to be proposed for shareholder approval in any proxy statement). This recommendation is complied with. Recommendation 7 Require that the audit committee charter for every listed company specify that the audit committee is responsible for ensuring its receipt from the outside auditors of a formal written statement delineating all relationships between the auditor and the company, consistent with Independence Standards Board Standard No.1, and that the audit committee is also responsible for actively engaging in a dialogue with the auditor with respect to any disclosed relationships or services that may impact the objectivity and independence of the auditor and to take, or recommend that the full board take, appropriate action to ensure the independence of the outside auditor. This recommendation is complied with. Recommendation 8 That Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS) require that a company's outside auditor discuss with the audit committee the auditor's judgements about the quality, not just the acceptability, of the company's accounting principles as applied in its financial reporting; the discussion should include such issues as the clarity of the company's financial disclosures and degree of aggressiveness or conservatism of the company's accounting principles and underlying estimates and other significant decisions made by management in preparing the financial disclosure and reviewed by the outside auditors. This requirement should be written in a way to encourage open, frank discussion and to avoid boilerplate. This recommendation is complied with. Both the internal and external auditors have full and free access to the audit committee, its members and the BoD. All the issues arising out of the internal and external auditors' reports are discussed in detail in the audit committee meetings. Recommendation 9 Require all reporting companies to include a letter from the audit committee in the company's Annual Report to shareholders and Form 10-K Annual Report disclosing whether or not, with respect to the prior fiscal year: (i) management has reviewed the audited financial statements with the audit committee, including a discussion of the quality of the accounting principles as applied and significant judgments affecting the company's financial statements; (ii) the outside auditors have discussed with the audit committee the outside auditors' judgements of the quality of those principles as applied and judgments referenced in (i) above under the circumstances; (iii) the members of the audit committee have discussed among themselves, without management or the outside auditors present, the information disclosed to the audit committee described in (i) and (ii) above; and (iv) the audit committee, in reliance on the review and discussions conducted with management and the outside auditors pursuant to (i) and (ii) above, believes that the company's financial statements are fairly presented in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in all material respects. The committee further recommends that the SEC adopt a "safe harbor" applicable to any disclosure referenced in this Recommendation 9. This recommendation is complied with. The required report is provided elsewhere in this Annual Report Recommendation 10 Require that a reporting company's outside auditor conduct a SAS 71 Interim Financial Review prior to the company's filing of its Form 10-Q. The committee further recommends that SAS 71 be amended to require that a reporting company's outside auditor discuss with the audit committee, or at least its chairman, and a representative of financial management, in person, or by telephone conference call, the matters described in AU Section 380, Communications With the audit committee, prior to the filing of the Form 10-Q (and preferably prior to any public announcement of financial results), including significant adjustments, management judgement and accounting estimates, significant new accounting policies, and disagreements with management. Being a foreign private issuer of securities, the company files quarterly reports on Form 6-K and yearly reports in Form 20-F with the SEC. The financial statements included in Form 6-K and 20-F are reviewed by the company's auditors, as per the requirements of SAS 71.
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Sd Sd Nandan M. Nilekani N. R. Narayana Murthy Bangalore Managing Director, President Chairman and Chief April 11, 2001 and Chief Operating Officer Executive Officer
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Audit committee charter ________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Primary objectives of the audit committee The primary objective of the audit committee (the "committee") is to monitor and provide effective supervision of the management's financial reporting process with a view to ensure accurate, timely and proper disclosures and the transparency, integrity and quality of financial reporting. The committee oversees the work carried out in the financial reporting process- by the management, including the internal auditors and the independent auditor - and notes the processes and safeguards employed by each. 2. Scope of the audit committee 2.1 Provide an open avenue of communication between the independent auditor, internal auditor, and the board of directors ("BoD"). 2.2 Meet four times every year or more frequently as circumstances require. The audit committee may ask members of management or others to attend meetings and provide pertinent information as necessary. 2.3 Confirm and assure the independence of the external auditor and objectivity of the internal auditor. 2.4 Review with the independent auditor the co-ordination of audit efforts to assure completeness of coverage, reduction of redundant efforts, and the effective use of all audit resources. 2.5 Consider and review with the independent auditor: (a) The adequacy of internal controls including computerised information system controls and security; and (b) Related findings and recommendations of the independent auditor and internal auditor together with management's responses. 2.6 Consider and review with management, internal auditor and the independent auditor. (a) Significant findings during the year, including the status of previous audit recommendations; (b) Any difficulties encountered in the course of audit work including any restrictions on the scope of activities or access to required information; (c) Any changes required in the planned scope of the internal audit plan. 2.7 Report periodically to the BoD on significant results of the foregoing activities. 3. Composition of the audit committee 3.1 The committee shall consist solely of `independent' directors of the company and shall be comprised of a minimum of three directors, each of whom is `financially literate' or shall become `financially literate' within a reasonable period of time after his or her appointment. They should be diligent, knowledgeable, dedicated, interested in the job and willing to devote a substantial amount of time and energy to the responsibilities of the committee, in addition to BoD responsibilities. At least one of the members shall have accounting or related `financial management expertise'. The members of the committee shall be elected by the BoD and shall continue until their successors are duly elected. The duties and responsibilities of a member are in addition to those applicable to a member of the BoD. In recognition of the time burden associated with the service and, with a view to bring in fresh insight, the committee may consider limiting the term of audit committee service, by automatic rotation or by other means. One of the members shall be elected as the chairman either by the full BoD or by the members themselves, by majority vote. 3.2 The BoD may, under exceptional and limited circumstances, waive this requirement if it is of the view that the concerned member is required in the committee, in the best interests of the company and its shareholders. However, the BoD shall disclose, in the next Annual Report (Proxy Statement) subsequent to such determination, the nature of the relationship and the reasons for that determination. 4. Relationship with independent and internal auditors 4.1 The BoD and the committee have the ultimate authority and responsibility to select, evaluate, and, where appropriate, replace the independent auditors in accordance with law. All possible measures must be taken by the committee to ensure the objectivity and independence of the independent auditors. These include: - obtaining from the independent auditors formal written statements delineating all relationships between the auditors and the company, consistent with applicable regulatory requirements; - actively engaging in dialogues with the auditors with respect to any disclosed relationships or services that may impact their objectivity and independence and take, or recommend that the full BoD take appropriate action to ensure their independence; - require and encourage the independent auditors to open and frank discussions on their judgements about the quality, not just the acceptability of the company's accounting principles as applied in its financial reporting, including such issues as the clarity of the company's financial disclosures and degree of aggressiveness or conservatism of the company's accounting principles and underlying estimates and other significant decisions made by the management in preparing the financial disclosure and audited by them; and - require the independent auditor, carrying out the attest function in conformity with US GAAS, to perform an interim financial review as required under Statement of Auditing Standards 71 of the American
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Institute of Certified Public Accountants and also discuss with the committee or its chairman, and an appropriate representative of Financial Management and Accounting, in person or by telephone conference call, the matters described in SAS 61, Communications with the Committee, prior to the company's filing of its Form 6-K (and preferably prior to any public announcement of financial results), including significant adjustments, management judgement and accounting estimates, significant new accounting policies, and disagreements with management. 4.2 The internal auditors of the company are in the best position to evaluate and report on the adequacy and effectiveness of the internal controls. Keeping in view the need for the internal auditors' independence from management in order to remain objective, a formal mechanism should be created to facilitate confidential exchanges between the internal auditors and the committee, regardless of irregularities or problems. The work carried out by each of these auditors needs to be assessed and reviewed with the independent auditors and appropriate recommendations made to the BoD. 5. Disclosure requirements 5.1 The committee charter should be published in the annual report once every three years and also whenever any significant amendment is made to the charter. 5.2 The committee shall disclose in the company's Annual Report whether or not, with respect to the concerned fiscal year: - management has reviewed the audited financial statements with the committee, including a discussion of the quality of the accounting principles as applied and significant judgements affecting the company's financial statements; - the independent auditors have discussed with the committee their judgements of the quality of those principles as applied and judgements referred to above under the circumstances; - the members of the committee have discussed among themselves, without management or the independent auditors present, the information disclosed to the committee as described above; - the committee, in reliance on the review and discussions conducted with management and the independent auditors pursuant to the requirements above, believes that the company's financial statements are fairly presented in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") in all material respects; and - the committee has satisfied its responsibilities in compliance with its charter. 5.3 The committee shall secure compliance that the BoD has affirmed to the NASD/Amex Stock Exchange on the following matters, as required in terms of the relevant NASD/Amex rules: - Composition of the committee and independence of committee members; - Disclosures relating to non-independent members; - Financial literacy and financial expertise of members; and - Review of the committee charter. 5.4 The committee shall report to shareholders as required by the relevant rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") of the United States. 6. Definitions 6.1 Independent member In order to be `independent', members should have no relationship with the company that may interfere with the exercise of their independence from the management and the company. The following persons are not considered independent: - a director who is employed by the company or any of its affiliates for the current year or any of the past three years; - a director who accepts any compensation from the company or any of its affiliates in excess of $60,000 during the previous fiscal year, other than compensation for board service, benefits under a tax-qualified retirement plan, or non-discretionary compensation; - a director who is a member of the immediate family of an individual who is, or has been in any of the past three years, employed by the corporation or any of its affiliates as an executive officer. "Immediate family" includes a person's spouse, parents, children, siblings, mother-in-law, father-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in- law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, and anyone who resides in such person's home; - a director who is a partner in, or a controlling shareholder or an executive officer of, any for-profit business organization to which the company made, or from which the company received, payments (other than those arising solely from investments in the company's securities) that exceed 5% of the company's or business organization's consolidated gross revenues for that year, or $200,000, whichever is more, in any of the past three years; and - a director who is employed as an executive of another entity where any of the company's executives serve on that entity's compensation committee. 6.2 Financial literacy
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`Financial literacy' means the ability to read and understand fundamental financial statements. `Financial management expertise' means past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or any other comparable experience or background which results in the member's financial sophistication, including being or having been a chief executive officer or other senior officer with responsibilities to oversee financial issues.
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Report of the committees of the board -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Compensation committee The compensation committee consists of the following directors: Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam - Chairman Mr. Deepak M. Satwalekar Mr. Philip Yeo (from January 9, 2001) Prof. Jitendra Vir Singh (from January 9, 2001) Dr. Omkar Goswami (from January 9, 2001) During the year, Mr. S. M. Datta retired from the directorship of the company and also from the committee. Mr. Ramesh Vangal retired from the committee with effect from January 9, 2001. The committee has, inter alia, the mandate to review and recommend compensation payable to the executive directors and senior management of the company and administer the company's stock option plans. The committee reviewed the performance of all the executive directors and approved the compensation payable to them for fiscal 2002, within the overall limits approved by the shareholders. Information on compensation and other benefits provided to the executive directors for fiscal 2001 is disclosed in the Corporate governance section of this annual report. The committee also reviewed the compensation proposed for all the management council members for fiscal 2002. The committee believes that the proposed compensation and benefits, along with stock options, are adequate to motivate and retain the senior officers of the company. The committee also reviewed the grant of stock options on a sign-on and regular basis to various employees of the company, during the year. Save as disclosed, none of the directors had a material beneficial interest in any contract of significance to which the company or any of its subsidiary undertakings was a party, during the financial year. Sd Bangalore Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam April 10, 2001 Chairman, Compensation committee 2. Nominations committee The nominations committee of the board consists of the following directors: Mr. Ramesh Vangal - Chairman Mr. Philip Yeo Prof. Jitendra Vir Singh (from January 9, 2001) Sen. Larry Pressler (from January 9, 2001) Mr. Deepak M. Satwalekar and Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam retired from the committee with effect from January 9, 2001. The nominations committee has the mandate to recommend the appointment of directors to the board, to review the re-election of the members of the board and to recommend the induction of board members into various committees. The meeting of the nominations committee on April 10, 2001 was chaired by Mr. Philip Yeo in the absence of Mr. Ramesh Vangal who could not attend the meeting. The committee discussed the issue of the retirement of members of the board as per statutory requirements. As one third of the members have to retire every year based on their date of appointment, Mr. Ramesh Vangal, Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam, Mr. Deepak M. Satwalekar, Mr. S. Gopalakrishnan and Mr. S.D. Shibulal will retire. The committee considered their performance and recommended that they be considered for re-appointment by the shareholders. During the year, Mr. T.V. Mohandas Pai, Mr. Phaneesh Murthy, Mr. Srinath Batni, Prof. Jitendra Vir Singh, Dr. Omkar Goswami, Sen. Larry Pressler and Ms. Rama Bijapurkar were co-opted into the board as additional directors of the company. The committee recommended that the necessary resolutions for appointing them as directors be considered by the shareholders.
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Sd Bangalore Philip Yeo April 10, 2001 Chairman, Nominations committee
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3. Audit committee The audit committee of the board consists of the following directors: Mr. Deepak M. Satwalekar - Chairman Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam Mr. Ramesh Vangal Dr. Omkar Goswami (from January 9, 2001) Sen. Larry Pressler (from January 9, 2001) Ms. Rama Bijapurkar (from April 10, 2001) During the year, Mr. S. M. Datta retired from the directorship of the company and also from the committee. The committee has, inter alia, the mandate to oversee the company's financial reporting process and the disclosure of financial information in order to ensure that the financial statements are correct, sufficient and credible. The committee reviewed the independence of both the internal and the statutory auditors and expressed its satisfaction with the same. The committee discussed the quality of the accounting principles as applied, and significant judgments affecting the financial statements, with the management as well as the internal and the statutory auditors of the company. The committee also discussed with the internal and the statutory auditors, in the absence of the management, the company's financial disclosures and the quality of the company's accounting principles as applied, underlying judgments affecting the financial statements, and other significant decisions made by the management in preparing the financial disclosures. The committee, in reliance on the review and discussions conducted with the management and the independent auditors, believes that the company's financial statements are fairly presented in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in all material aspects. The committee also reviewed the financial and risk management policies of the company and expressed its satisfaction with the same. The committee is satisfied that it complies fully with its responsibilities as outlined in the Audit committee charter section of this Annual Report. The committee secured compliance that the board of directors (BoD) has affirmed to the NASDAQ stock exchange, under the relevant rules of the exchange on composition of the committee and independence of the committee members, disclosures relating to non-independent members, financial literacy and financial expertise of members, and a review of the audit charter. The committee reviewed the internal controls put in place to ensure that the accounts of the company are properly maintained and that accounting transactions are in accordance with prevailing laws and regulations. The committee found no material discrepancy or weakness in the internal control systems of the company. The committee recommended to the board the appointment of Bharat S Raut & Co., Chartered Accountants, as statutory auditors of the company for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2002. The committee also recommended to the board that the necessary resolutions for appointing them as auditors be placed before the shareholders. The committee recommended the appointment of internal auditors for various operations of the company and determined the fees payable to them. The committee recommended to the board the appointment of KPMG as auditors of the company for the US GAAP financial statements, for the financial year ending March 31, 2002. The committee also issued a letter in line with recommendation No. 9 of the Blue Ribbon Committee on audit committee effectiveness, and the same is provided in the Financial statements prepared in accordance with the US GAAP section of this Annual Report. Sd Bangalore Deepak M. Satwalekar April 10, 2001 Chairman, Audit committee 4. Investor grievance committee The Investor grievance committee consists of the following directors: Mr. Philip Yeo - Chairman (from January 9, 2001) Ms. Rama Bijapurkar (from April 10, 2001) Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani Mr. Dinesh K. Mr. Shibulal S.D. The committee is headed by an independent director. The committee has the mandate to review and redress shareholder grievances and to attend to share transfers. The committee reviewed the shareholder grievances, the redress of shareholder grievances and the share transfers for the year and expressed satisfaction with the same. The committee also noted the shareholding in dematerialised mode as on March 31, 2001 as being 98.30%. Sd Bangalore Philip Yeo April 10, 2001 Chairman, Investor grievance
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committee Auditors' report -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To The members, Infosys Technologies Limited We have audited the attached Balance Sheet of Infosys Technologies Limited (the company) as at March 31, 2001 and the Profit and Loss Account of the company for the year ended on that date, annexed thereto, and report that: 1. As required by the Manufacturing and Other Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 1988, issued by the Company Law Board in terms of Section 227(4A) of the Companies Act, 1956, we enclose in the Annexure a statement on the matters specified in paragraphs 4 and 5 of the said Order. 2. Further to our comments in the Annexure referred to in paragraph 1 above: (a) we have obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purpose of our audit; (b) in our opinion, proper books of account as required by law have been kept by the company so far as appears from our examination of these books; (c) the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account dealt with by this report are in agreement with the books of account; (d) in our opinion, the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account dealt with by this report are prepared in compliance with the accounting standards referred to in Section 211(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956, to the extent applicable; (e) on the basis of written representations received from the directors of the company as at March 31, 2001 and taken on record by the board of directors, we report that no director is disqualified from being appointed as director of the company under clause (g) of sub-section (1) of Section 274 of the Companies Act, 1956; (f) in our opinion, and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the said accounts give the information required by the Companies Act, 1956, in the manner so required and give a true and fair view: (i) in the case of the Balance Sheet, of the state of affairs of the company as at March 31, 2001; and (ii) in the case of the Profit and Loss Account, of the profit for the year ended on that date. for Bharat S Raut & Co. Chartered Accountants /s/ Balaji ------------- Bangalore Balaji Swaminathan April 11, 2001 Partner
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Annexure to the auditors' report -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Annexure referred to in paragraph 1 of the auditors' report to the members of Infosys Technologies Limited (the company) for the year ended March 31, 2001. We report that: The matters contained in sub paragraph 4(D) and 4(C) of the Manufacturing and Other Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 1988, are not applicable to the company. Internal controls 1. In our opinion and according to the information and explanations given to us, having regard to the explanations that certain items purchased are of a special nature in respect of which suitable alternative sources do not exist for obtaining comparative quotations, there are adequate internal control procedures commensurate with the size of the company and the nature of its business for the purchase of computer hardware and software, consumables, plant and machinery, equipment and other assets. The activities of the company do not involve the sale of goods. 2. In our opinion and according to the information and explanations given to us, in respect of the service activities, the company, commensurate with the size and the nature of its business, has a reasonable system of: . recording receipts, issues and consumption of materials and allocating materials consumed to each project; . allocating man-hours utilised to each project; and . authorisation and control over the allocation of labour costs to each project. 3. In our opinion, the company has an internal audit system, commensurate with its size and the nature of its business. Fixed assets 4. The company has maintained proper records of fixed assets showing full particulars, including quantitative details and location. The company has a regular programme of physical verification of its fixed assets which, in our opinion, is reasonable having regard to the size of the company and the nature of its assets. In accordance with this programme, certain fixed assets were physically verified by management during the year and no material discrepancies were identified on such verification. 5. None of the fixed assets were revalued during the year. Inventories 6. The company has not maintained any inventories during the year and consequently, paragraphs 4(A)(iii) to 4(A)(vi), 4(A)(xii), 4(A)(xiv) and 4(A)(xvi) of the Manufacturing and Other Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 1988, are not applicable in relation to its activities. Loans and advances 7. The parties to whom loans or advances in the nature of loans were given by the company are regular in repaying the principal amounts as stipulated and interest where applicable. 8. The company has not taken any loans, secured or unsecured, from companies, firms, or other parties listed in the register maintained under Section 301 of the Companies Act, 1956, or from companies under the same management as defined under Section 370(1B) of the Companies Act, 1956, the rate of interest and other terms and conditions of which are, prima facie, prejudicial to the interests of the company. 9. The company has not granted any loans, secured or unsecured, to companies, firms, or other parties listed in the register maintained under Section 301 of the Companies Act, 1956, or to companies under the same management as defined under Section 370(1B) of the Companies Act, 1956, the rate of interest and other terms and conditions of which are, prima facie, prejudicial to the interests of the company. Transactions with parties under Section 301 of the Companies Act, 1956 10. In our opinion, and according to the information and explanations given to us, the company has not entered into any transactions for the purchase of goods and materials and sale of goods, materials and services, with companies, firms, or other parties listed in the register maintained under Section 301 of the Companies Act, 1956, and aggregating during the year to Rs 50,000 or more in respect of each party. Fixed deposits 11. The company has not accepted any deposits from the public and consequently the provisions of Section 58A of the Companies Act, 1956, and the rules framed thereunder are not applicable. Staff welfare 12. Provident Fund and Employees' State Insurance dues were regularly deposited during the year with the appropriate authorities. 13. On the basis of the examination of the books of account carried out by us in accordance with generally accepted auditing practices and according to the information and explanations given to us, no personal expenses of employees or directors were charged to the profit and loss account, other than those payable under contractual obligations or in accordance with generally accepted business practice. Taxation 14. According to the information and explanations given to us, there are no undisputed amounts payable in respect of income tax, wealth tax, sales tax, customs duty and excise duty that were outstanding as at March 31, 2001 for a period of more than six months from the dates that they became payable. Others 15. The company is not a sick industrial company within the meaning of section 3 (1) (o) of the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985. for Bharat S Raut & Co. Chartered Accountants
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/s/ Balaji --------------------- Bangalore Balaji Swaminathan April 11, 2001 Partner
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Balance Sheet as at March 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Schedule 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SOURCES OF FUNDS SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS Share capital 1 33,07,92,085 33,07,55,000 Reserves and surplus 2 1356,55,99,903 800,22,73,248 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1389,63,91,988 833,30,28,248 ============================================================================================================================== APPLICATION OF FUNDS FIXED ASSETS 3 Original cost 631,14,44,025 284,03,05,143 Less : Depreciation 244,13,15,982 133,65,20,594 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net book value 387,01,28,043 150,37,84,549 Add : Capital work-in-progress 170,65,04,250 56,96,03,505 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 557,66,32,293 207,33,88,054 INVESTMENTS 4 34,11,54,821 13,83,48,469 CURRENT ASSETS, LOANS AND ADVANCES Sundry debtors 5 302,37,02,417 136,17,81,253 Cash and bank balances 6 385,06,10,285 431,79,35,730 Loans and advances 7 430,27,93,623 210,12,77,161 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1117,71,06,325 778,09,94,144 Less : Current liabilities 8 134,91,81,176 67,15,06,459 Provisions 9 184,93,20,275 98,81,95,960 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NET CURRENT ASSETS 797,86,04,874 612,12,91,725 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1389,63,91,988 833,30,28,248 ============================================================================================================================== SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NOTES ON ACCOUNTS 13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The schedules referred to above and the notes thereon form an integral part of the Balance Sheet. This is the Balance Sheet referred to in our report of even date. for Bharat S Raut & Co. Chartered Accountants [Enlarge/Download Table] Balaji Swaminathan N. R. Narayana Murthy Nandan M. Nilekani Deepak M. Satwalekar Marti G. Subrahmanyam Partner Chairman and Managing Director, Director Director President Chief Executive and Chief Operating Officer Officer Jitendra Vir Singh Omkar Goswami Larry Pressler Rama Bijapurkar Director Director Director Director S. Gopalakrishnan K. Dinesh S. D. Shibulal T. V. Mohandas Pai Deputy Managing Director Director Director and Chief Director Financial Officer Phaneesh Murthy Srinath Batni V. Balakrishnan Bangalore Director Director Company Secretary and April 11, 2001 Associate Vice President Finance
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Profit and Loss Account for the year ended March 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Schedule 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INCOME Software development services and products Overseas 1874,02,66,421 869,69,80,931 Domestic 26,53,92,386 12,62,56,042 Other income 10 59,37,14,915 39,14,11,095 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1959,93,73,722 921,46,48,068 ============================================================================================================================== EXPENDITURE Software development expenses 11 958,17,66,650 466,26,84,578 Administration and other expenses 12 177,54,70,971 69,48,50,282 Provision for investments 15,28,98,608 - Provision for contingencies - 3,33,00,000 Provision for e-inventing the company - 3,50,00,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1151,01,36,229 542,58,34,860 Operating profit (PBIDT) 808,92,37,493 378,88,13,208 Interest - - Depreciation 112,89,45,152 53,23,27,389 Profit before tax and extraordinary item 696,02,92,341 325,64,85,819 Provision for tax earlier years 1,40,00,000 24,00,000 current year 71,31,00,000 39,46,00,000 Profit after tax before extraordinary item 623,31,92,341 285,94,85,819 Extraordinary item - transfer of intellectual property right (net of tax) 5,49,44,000 - - provision no longer required - 7,56,70,846 Net profit after tax and extraordinary item 628,81,36,341 293,51,56,665 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ AMOUNT AVAILABLE FOR APPROPRIATION 628,81,36,341 293,51,56,665 Dividend Interim 16,53,78,418 9,92,08,200 Final (Proposed) 49,61,85,878 19,84,18,210 Dividend Tax 8,69,94,211 3,27,38,905 Amount transferred - general reserve 553,95,77,834 260,47,91,350 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 628,81,36,341 293,51,56,665 ============================================================================================================================== EARNINGS PER SHARE (equity shares, par value Rs. 5 each) Basic 95.06 44.38 Diluted 94.76 44.37 Number of shares used in computing earnings per share Basic 6,61,52,131 6,61,39,372 Diluted 6,63,58,311 6,61,57,819 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NOTES ON ACCOUNTS 13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The schedules referred to above and the notes thereon form an integral part of the Profit and Loss Account. This is the Profit and Loss Account referred to in our report of even date. for Bharat S Raut & Co. Chartered Accountants [Enlarge/Download Table] Balaji Swaminathan N. R. Narayana Murthy Nandan M. Nilekani Deepak M. Satwalekar Marti G. Subrahmanyam Partner Chairman and Managing Director, Director Director President Chief Executive and Chief Operating Officer Officer Jitendra Vir Singh Omkar Goswami Larry Pressler Rama Bijapurkar Director Director Director Director S. Gopalakrishnan K. Dinesh S. D. Shibulal T. V. Mohandas Pai Deputy Managing Director Director Director and Chief Director Financial Officer
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[Download Table] Phaneesh Murthy Srinath Batni V. Balakrishnan Bangalore Director Director Company Secretary and April 11, 2001 Associate Vice President Finance
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Schedules to the Balance Sheet as at March 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. SHARE CAPITAL AUTHORIZED Equity shares, Rs. 5 par value 10,00,00,000 equity shares 50,00,00,000 50,00,00,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ISSUED, SUBSCRIBED AND PAID UP Equity shares, Rs. 5 par value 6,61,58,117 (6,61,50,700) equity shares fully paid up 33,07,90,585 33,07,53,500 [Of the above, 5,78,88,200 (5,78,88,200) equity shares fully paid up have been issued as bonus shares by capitalization of the general reserve] Add: Forfeited shares 1,500 1,500 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 33,07,92,085 33,07,55,000 ============================================================================================================================== 2. RESERVES AND SURPLUS Capital reserve 5,93,54,103 5,93,54,103 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5,93,54,103 5,93,54,103 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Share premium account as at April 1, 318,37,81,595 319,99,15,445 Add : Received during the year On conversion of stock options issued to employees 2,37,48,821 1,75,65,777 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 320,75,30,416 321,74,81,222 Less :ADS linked stock option issue expenses - 1,01,93,113 ADS issue expenses - 2,35,06,514 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 320,75,30,416 318,37,81,595 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ General reserve as at April 1, 475,91,37,550 215,43,46,200 Add : Transfers from the Profit and Loss Account 553,95,77,834 260,47,91,350 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1029,87,15,384 475,91,37,550
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Schedules to the Balance Sheet as at March 31 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. FIXED ASSETS [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Original cost --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cost as at Additions Deletions Cost as at As at Assets April 1, 2000 during the during the March 31, April 1, 2000 year year 2001 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Land - free-hold 1,89,83,650 7,13,75,327 - 9,03,58,977 - Land - lease-hold 19,17,69,406 8,40,82,384 - 27,58,51,790 - Buildings 58,90,10,239 98,80,44,371 - 157,70,54,610 5,23,14,231 Plant and machinery 51,75,81,633 60,64,52,428 35,71,054 112,04,63,007 25,00,55,738 Computer equipment 112,23,85,220 113,83,99,209 2,13,36,954 223,94,47,475 78,95,66,535 Furniture and fixtures 39,92,10,666 60,60,03,206 4,62,711 100,47,51,161 24,38,29,725 Vehicles 13,64,329 22,87,502 1,34,826 35,17,005 7,54,365 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 284,03,05,143 349,66,44,427 2,55,05,545 631,14,44,025 133,65,20,594 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Previous year 168,92,38,345 117,79,35,912 2,68,69,114 284,03,05,143 83,09,14,934 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depreciation Net book value --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For the Deductions As at As at As at Assets year during the March 31, March 31, March 31, year 2001 2001 2000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Land - free-hold - - - 9,03,58,977 1,89,83,650 Land - lease-hold - - - 27,58,51,790 19,17,69,406 Buildings 8,14,69,936 - 13,37,84,167 144,32,70,443 53,66,96,008 Plant and machinery 26,02,00,030 28,41,462 50,74,14,306 61,30,48,701 26,75,25,895 Computer equipment 52,81,49,939 2,08,44,363 129,68,72,111 94,25,75,364 33,28,18,685 Furniture and fixtures 25,88,19,126 3,29,113 50,23,19,738 50,24,31,423 15,53,80,941 Vehicles 3,06,121 1,34,826 9,25,660 25,91,345 6,09,964 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 12,89,45,152 2,41,49,764 244,13,15,982 387,01,28,043 150,37,84,549 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Previous year 53,23,27,389 2,67,21,729 133,65,20,594 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note: Buildings include Rs. 250 being the value of 5 shares of Rs. 50 each in Mittal Towers Premises Co-operative Society Limited.
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Schedules to the Balance Sheet as at March 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ in Rs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. INVESTMENTS TRADE (UNQUOTED) - at cost Long-term investments Yantra Corporation, USA, a subsidiary company 75,00,000 (75,00,000) common stock at US$ 0.20 each, fully paid, par value US$ 0.01 each 5,32,51,600 5,32,51,600 6,36,363 (6,36,363) Series A convertible preferred stock, at US$ 0.75 each, fully paid, par value US$ 0.01 each 1,73,44,074 1,73,44,074 EC Cubed Inc., USA 13,00,108 (13,00,108) Series D convertible preferred stock at US$ 2.3075 each, fully paid, par value US$ 0.0001 each 13,08,00,000 13,08,00,000 Alpha Thinx Mobile Phone Services AG, Austria 27,790 (Nil) bearer shares at (Euro) 20 each, fully paid, par value 1 each 2,20,98,608 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22,34,94,282 20,13,95,674 Less: Provision for investments 22,34,94,282 7,05,95,674 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - 13,08,00,000 Asia Net Media (BVI) Ltd, the British Virgin Islands 3,00,00,000 (Nil) ordinary shares at US$ 0.05 each, fully paid, par value US$ 0.01 each 6,84,75,000 - CiDRA Corporation, USA 33,333 (Nil) Series D convertible preferred stock at US$ 90 each, fully paid, par value US$ 0.01 each 13,40,08,660 - JASDIC Park Company, Japan 480 (480) common stock at(Y)50,000 each, fully paid, par value(Y)50,000 each 75,38,109 75,38,109 M-Commerce Ventures Pte Ltd, Singapore Units in the company, each unit representing 1 ordinary share of Singapore $ 1 each, fully paid, par value Singapore $ 1 and 9 redeemable preferred shares of Singapore $ 1, fully paid, at a premium of Singapore $ 1,110 per redeemable preferred stock 70 (Nil) ordinary shares 1,845 - 630 (Nil) redeemable preference shares 1,84,45,855 - OnMobile Systems Inc., (formerly Onscan Inc.,) USA 1,00,000 (Nil) common stock at US$ 0.4348 each, fully paid, par value US$ 0.001 each 19,42,162 - 1,00,000 (Nil) Series A voting convertible preferred stock at US$ 0.4348 each, fully paid, par value US$ 0.001 each 19,42,162 - 44,00,000 (Nil) Series A non-voting convertible preferred stock at US$ 0.4348 each, fully paid, par value US$ 0.001 each 8,54,55,676 - PurpleYogi Inc., USA 2,76,243 (Nil) Series D convertible preferred stock at US$ 1.81 each fully paid, par value US$ 0.001 each 2,33,34,992 - Software Services Support Education Center Limited 1 (1) equity share of Rs. 10 each, fully paid, par value Rs. 10 10 10 The Saraswat Co-operative Bank Limited 1,035 (1,035) equity shares of Rs. 10 each, fully paid, par value Rs. 10 10,350 10,350 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 34,11,54,821 13,83,48,469 ============================================================================================================================== Aggregate of unquoted investments - carrying value / cost 34,11,54,821 13,83,48,469 5. SUNDRY DEBTORS Debts outstanding for a period exceeding six months Unsecured considered doubtful 9,61,74,738 2,21,26,448 Other debts Unsecured considered good* 302,37,02,417 136,17,81,253 considered doubtful 8,55,48,753 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 320,54,25,908 138,39,07,701
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Less: Provision for doubtful debts 18,17,23,491 2,21,26,448 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 302,37,02,417 136,17,81,253 ============================================================================================================================== *Includes due by subsidiary - Yantra Corporation 99,80,017 Nil
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Schedules to the Balance Sheet as at March 31 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- in Rs. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6. CASH AND BANK BALANCES Cash on hand 96,062 13,17,773 Balances with scheduled banks in current accounts * 12,79,65,496 10,16,77,272 in deposit accounts in Indian rupees 181,88,52,687 22,91,45,764 in deposit accounts in foreign currency 136,36,28,601 268,41,01,874 Balances with non-scheduled banks in deposit accounts in foreign currency HSBC Bank Middle East, Bahrain - 66,76,98,310 in current accounts ABN Amro Bank, Heerlen, Netherlands - 15,69,661 ABN Amro Bank, Brussels, Belgium 8,73,096 16,26,311 Bank of America, Concord, USA 27,09,344 - Bank of America, Hong Kong 4,25,885 - Bank of America, Los Angeles, USA - 50,60,500 Bank of America, Milpitas, USA 23,59,820 22,81,065 Bank of America, Palo Alto, USA 35,70,97,922 57,93,97,557 Bank of Boston, Boston, USA 21,30,626 16,88,886 Bank of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia 17,26,245 2,49,124 Bank of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 5,46,759 - Barclays Bank, London, UK 38,36,868 44,92,122 Deutsche Bank, Frankfurt, Germany 20,22,282 36,15,221 First Chicago Bank, Chicago, USA - 21,98,743 Hongkong Bank of Canada, Toronto, Canada 5,54,537 22,42,324 HSBC Bank PLC - Croydon, London 9,76,68,994 - Michigan National Bank, Detroit, USA - 3,87,308 Nations Bank, Dallas, USA 1,17,15,900 1,11,76,052 Nations Bank, Georgia, USA - 12,41,385 Nordbanken, Stockholm, Sweden 15,86,376 3,45,518 Nova Scotia Bank, Toronto, Canada 5,21,19,103 89,98,950 Seafirst Bank, Seattle, USA - 17,70,378 Sanwa Bank, Tokyo, Japan 12,18,670 40,43,674 Summit Bank, Bridgewater, USA 14,75,012 16,09,958 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 385,06,10,285 431,79,35,730 ================================================================================================================ Maximum balance held during the year: in deposit accounts in foreign currency HSBC Bank Middle East, Bahrain 72,78,38,970 66,76,98,310 in current accounts ABN Amro Bank, Heerlen, Netherlands 15,95,544 19,68,084 ABN Amro Bank, Brussels, Belgium 25,10,415 16,74,689 Bank of America, Concord, USA 11,56,12,302 - Bank of America, Hong Kong 11,81,752 - Bank of America, Los Angeles, USA 3,08,58,501 59,13,227 Bank of America, Milpitas, USA 5,89,07,898 4,57,78,346 Bank of America, Palo Alto, USA 92,96,33,056 71,03,42,796 Bank of Boston, Boston, USA 72,15,459 68,26,703 Bank of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia 17,26,245 2,92,425 Bank of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 16,34,330 - Barclays Bank, London, UK 3,63,48,726 67,59,209 Deutsche Bank, Frankfurt, Germany 36,94,391 40,36,519 First Chicago Bank, Chicago, USA 22,07,085 49,23,828 Hongkong Bank of Canada, Toronto, Canada 1,01,66,688 1,89,92,669 HSBC Bank PLC - Croydon, London 16,51,68,657 - Michigan National Bank, Detroit, USA 17,44,660 13,34,282 Nations Bank, Dallas, USA 3,36,69,804 1,45,77,623 Nations Bank, Georgia, USA 21,33,612 18,23,598 Nordbanken, Stockholm, Sweden 23,20,446 3,45,518 Nova Scotia Bank, Toronto, Canada 7,57,18,591 89,98,950 Seafirst Bank, Seattle, USA 31,46,158 24,05,174 Sanwa Bank, Tokyo, Japan 1,40,25,843 79,10,422 Summit Bank, Bridgewater, USA 88,91,861 35,18,916 * Includes Rs. 48,15,163 and Rs. 28,72,035 being the balance in unclaimed dividend account as at March 31, 2001 and March 31, 2000 respectively
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Schedules to the Balance Sheet as at March 31 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- in Rs. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7. LOANS AND ADVANCES Unsecured, considered good Advances prepaid expenses 13,75,24,974 11,58,60,415 advances paid for supplies of goods and rendering of services 4,58,01,731 3,10,07,019 others 1,92,05,252 1,01,94,327 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20,25,31,957 15,70,61,761 Costs in excess of billings 2,34,52,011 - Advance income tax 123,73,97,792 54,40,96,353 Loans and advances to employees * housing and other loans 50,45,83,928 38,74,34,826 salary advances 24,47,71,738 13,61,51,038 Other advances 4,76,12,044 3,23,06,323 Rent and maintenance deposits 11,56,91,996 7,84,24,995 Deposits with financial institutions / body corporate 192,67,52,157 76,58,01,865 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Unsecured, considered doubtful 430,27,93,623 210,12,77,161 Loans and advances to employees 7,11,816 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 430,35,05,439 210,12,77,161 Less: Provision for doubtful loans and advances 7,11,816 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 430,27,93,623 210,12,77,161 =============================================================================================================== * Includes due by non-director officers of the company 1,05,74,738 1,35,08,825 Maximum amounts due by non-director officers at any time during the year 2,83,52,485 2,30,09,790 8. CURRENT LIABILITIES Sundry creditors for goods 13,07,477 4,25,90,239 for accrued salaries and benefits 57,42,18,368 22,44,51,291 for other liabilities provision for expenses 17,70,70,370 7,67,74,570 retention monies 11,39,71,400 4,91,19,373 withholding and other taxes payable 5,50,36,092 7,19,14,609 others 1,78,04,294 95,50,828 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 93,94,08,001 47,44,00,910 Advances received from clients 5,66,97,811 1,85,61,551 Unearned revenue 34,82,60,201 17,56,71,963 Unclaimed dividend 48,15,163 28,72,035 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 134,91,81,176 67,15,06,459 =============================================================================================================== 9. PROVISIONS Proposed dividend 49,61,85,878 19,84,18,210 Provision for tax on dividend 5,06,10,959 2,18,26,003 income taxes 122,90,11,741 62,60,19,742 e-inventing the company - 39,00,977 post-sales client support 7,35,11,697 5,51,91,028 gratuity - 8,28,40,000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 184,93,20,275 98,81,95,960 ===============================================================================================================
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Schedules to the Profit and Loss Account for the year ended March 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. OTHER INCOME Interest received on deposits with banks and others 37,54,58,594 26,68,79,106 (Tax deducted at source Rs. 4,30,12,428 and Rs. 1,67,51,195 respectively) Sale of special import licenses 6,77,431 2,02,31,549 Miscellaneous income 1,58,66,407 49,73,365 Exchange differences * 20,17,12,483 9,93,27,075 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 59,37,14,915 39,14,11,095 ============================================================================================================================== *Arising on translation of foreign currency deposits maintained abroad includes a realised gain of Rs. 5,06,25,885 (previous year : Rs. Nil) [Enlarge/Download Table] 11. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES Salaries and bonus including overseas staff expenses 675,86,45,286 307,54,46,295 Staff welfare 8,46,06,310 4,93,07,308 Contribution to provident and other funds 33,45,76,308 22,08,36,923 Foreign travel expenses 147,22,11,655 84,09,02,293 Consumables 5,86,87,245 2,70,06,251 Cost of software packages for own use 31,85,81,751 16,53,57,382 banking product 5,70,13,753 2,84,48,397 Computer maintenance 7,19,42,078 3,27,43,350 Communication expenses 31,52,55,986 17,31,23,718 Consultancy charges 9,19,25,609 2,85,50,034 Provision for post-sales client support 1,83,20,669 2,09,62,627 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 958,17,66,650 466,26,84,578 ============================================================================================================================== 12. ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER EXPENSES Professional charges 20,40,21,385 7,55,68,079 Travelling and conveyance 18,40,64,822 7,68,26,394 Rent 16,94,82,708 10,34,93,593 Telephone charges 14,02,60,363 5,93,95,252 Office maintenance 12,84,32,642 5,81,01,381 Power and fuel 11,78,45,258 5,01,41,466 Brand building 10,52,01,392 99,17,816 Donations 7,21,92,883 3,49,27,871 Advertisements 6,30,77,831 2,12,41,343 Printing and stationery 6,25,54,206 2,76,70,902 Insurance charges 5,17,55,298 2,41,35,289 Repairs to building 3,95,22,458 1,13,44,232 Repairs to plant and machinery 2,26,54,171 84,12,905 Rates and taxes 1,82,17,524 1,03,80,848 Commission charges 1,79,03,784 64,70,454 Bank charges and commission 59,39,483 42,21,668 Auditor's remuneration audit fees 17,85,000 17,85,000 certification charges 2,00,000 2,00,000 other services - 4,50,000 out-of-pocket expenses 2,00,000 2,00,000 Bad loans and advances written off 4,141 3,13,050 Bad debts written off 27,70,254 1,59,20,938 Provision for doubtful loans and advances 7,11,816 - Provision for bad and doubtful debts 19,27,45,549 94,03,099 Freight charges 55,72,484 23,84,004 Professional membership and seminar participation fees 2,17,10,613 75,30,693 Marketing expenses 4,26,87,545 2,94,50,685 Postage and courier 2,27,86,459 1,37,56,638 Books and periodicals 1,69,10,978 77,13,886 Commission to non-whole time directors 59,22,049 48,17,800 Sales promotion expenses 70,16,656 26,70,973 Transaction processing fee and filing fees 1,52,76,339 3,69,846 Research grants 1,00,00,000 1,03,00,000
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Other miscellaneous expenses 2,60,44,880 53,34,177 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 177,54,70,971 69,48,50,282 ============================================================================================================================== Schedules to the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NOTES ON ACCOUNTS Company overview Infosys Technologies Limited ("Infosys" or "the company") is a publicly-held company providing information technology ("IT") solutions principally to Fortune 500 and emerging new economy companies. Infosys' range of services includes IT consulting, IT architecture, application development, e-commerce and Internet consulting, and software maintenance. In addition, the company develops and markets certain software products. Headquartered in Bangalore, India, Infosys has 16 state-of-the-art offshore software development facilities located throughout India that enables it to provide high quality, cost-effective services to clients in a resource-constrained environment. The company also has offices in North America, Europe and Asia. 13.1 Significant accounting policies 13.1.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, in accordance with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") comprising the mandatory accounting standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, on the accrual basis, as adopted consistently by the company. The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management of the company ("Management") make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenue and expenses of the year, reported balances of assets and liabilities, and disclosures relating to contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. Examples of such estimates include expected development costs to be incurred to complete software contracts, provision for doubtful debts, future obligations under employee retirement benefit plans and the useful lives of fixed assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 13.1.2 Revenue recognition Revenue from software development on time-and-materials contracts is recognized based on software developed and billed to clients as per the terms of specific contracts. On fixed-price contracts, revenue is recognized based on milestones achieved as specified in the contracts on the proportionate-completion method on the basis of the work completed. Revenue from rendering Annual Technical Services ("ATS") is recognized proportionately over the period in which services are rendered. Revenue from the sale of licenses for the use of software applications is recognized on transfer of the title in the user license. Interest on deployment of surplus funds is recognized using the time-proportion method, based on interest rates implicit in the transaction. Dividend income is recognized when the company's right to receive dividend is established. Revenue from the sale of special import licenses is recognized when the company transfers the licenses. 13.1.3 Expenditure The cost of software purchased for use in software development and services is charged to revenue in the year the software is acquired. Project costs in the nature of salaries, travel and other expenses incurred on fixed price contracts, where milestones are yet to be reached, are classified as "Costs in excess of billings" in the balance sheet. Provisions are made for all known losses and liabilities, future unforeseeable factors that may affect the profit on fixed-price software development contracts, and also towards likely expenses for providing post-sales client support on fixed-price contracts. The leave encashment liability of the company is provided on the basis of an actuarial valuation. 13.1.4 Fixed assets Fixed assets are stated at cost, after reducing accumulated depreciation until the date of the balance sheet. Direct costs are capitalized until the assets are ready for use and include financing costs relating to any specific borrowing attributable to the acquisition of the fixed assets. 13.1.5 Capital work-in-progress Advances paid to acquire fixed assets and the cost of assets not put to use before the year-end are disclosed under capital work-in-progress. 13.1.6 Depreciation Depreciation on fixed assets is determined using the straight-line method based on useful lives of assets as estimated by Management. Depreciation for assets purchased / sold during the year is proportionately charged. Individual assets acquired for less than Rs. 5,000 are entirely depreciated in the year of acquisition. Management estimates the useful lives for the various fixed assets as follows:
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Buildings 15 years Plant and machinery 5 years Computer equipment 2-5 years Furniture and fixtures 5 years Vehicles 5 years 13.1.7 Retirement benefits to employees 13.1.7a Gratuity In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, Infosys provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (the "Gratuity Plan") covering eligible employees. The Gratuity plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee's salary and the years of employment with the company. The company established the Infosys Technologies Limited Employees' Gratuity Fund Trust (the "Trust") in 1997, until which the company made contributions to a gratuity plan managed by the Life Insurance Corporation of India. Liabilities with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation, based upon which the company contributes to the Trust. Trustees administer the contributions made to the Trust. The funds contributed to the Trust are invested in specific designated securities as mandated by law and generally comprise central and state government bonds and debt instruments of government owned corporations. 13.1.7b Superannuation Apart from being covered under the Gratuity Plan described above, certain employees of Infosys are also participants of a defined contribution plan. The company makes monthly contributions to the superannuation plan (the "Plan") based on a specified percentage of each covered employee's salary. The company has no further obligations under the Plan beyond its monthly contributions. 13.1.7c Provident fund In addition to the above benefits, eligible employees receive benefits from a provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. Both the employee and the company make monthly contributions to this provident fund plan equal to a specified percentage of the covered employee's salary. Infosys established a Provident Fund Trust in 1996 to which a part of the contributions are made each month. Prior thereto, the company made contributions to the provident fund plan administered by the Government of India. The remainders of the contributions are made to the Government administered provident fund. The company has no further obligations under the provident fund plan beyond its monthly contributions. 13.1.8 Research and development Revenue expenditure incurred on research and development is charged off as incurred. Capital expenditure incurred on research and development is depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. 13.1.9 Foreign currency transactions Sales made to overseas clients and collections deposited in foreign currency bank accounts are recorded at the exchange rate as of the date of the respective transactions. Expenditure in foreign currency is accounted at the exchange rate prevalent when such expenditure is incurred. Disbursements made out of foreign currency bank accounts are reported at a rate that approximates the actual monthly rate. Exchange differences are recorded when the amount actually received on sales or actually paid when expenditure is incurred is converted into Indian Rupees. The exchange differences arising on foreign currency transactions are recognized as income or expense in the year in which they arise. Fixed assets purchased at overseas offices are recorded at cost, based on the exchange rate as of the date of purchase. The charge for depreciation is determined as per the company's accounting policy. Current assets and current liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of the balance sheet. The resulting difference is also recorded in the profit and loss account. In the case of forward contracts, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate on the date of the transaction is recognized as income or expense over the life of the contract. 13.1.10 Investments Trade investments refer to the investments made with the aim of enhancing the company's business interests in software development and services. The investments are classified as current investments or long-term investments. Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value. Cost for overseas investments comprises the Indian Rupee value of the consideration paid for the investment. Provisions are recorded for any decline in the carrying value as of the balance sheet date. Long-term investments are carried at cost and provisions recorded to recognize any decline, other than temporary, in the carrying value of such investment. The investment in the subsidiary is accounted on the cost method, whereby, the investment is carried at cost and the company recognizes only dividends received from the subsidiary as income in the profit and loss account. Provisions are recorded to recognize any decline, other than temporary, in the carrying value of the investment.
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13.1.11 Income tax Provision is made for income tax annually based on the tax liability computed after considering tax allowances and exemptions. Provisions are recorded as considered appropriate for matters under appeal due to disallowances or for other reasons. 13.1.12 Earnings per share The earnings considered in ascertaining the company's earnings per share comprises the net profit after tax and includes the post-tax effect of any extra-ordinary items. The number of shares used in computing basic earnings per share is the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. The number of shares used in computing diluted earnings per share comprises the weighted average shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share, and also the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless they have been issued at a later date. The diluted potential equity shares have been adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. the average market value of the outstanding shares). The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted for stock splits and bonus shares, as appropriate. 13.1.13 New accounting standards The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ("ICAI") has issued accounting standards on segment reporting, related party disclosures and earnings per share that are applicable to the financial statements of the company, and are mandatory effective accounting period commencing on April 1, 2001. The ICAI has also submitted an exposure draft on accounting for taxes on income, which is also proposed to be made mandatory effective April 1, 2001. The company has evaluated the effect of these standards becoming mandatory and adopted the accounting standards on segment reporting, related party disclosures and earnings per share, and provides pro-forma information in relation to the exposure draft on accounting for income taxes in these financial statements. Although Yantra Corporation, USA, is a subsidiary of Infosys as per Section 4 of the Companies Act, 1956, the financial statements have not been consolidated since the company does not have controlling interest envisaged by the accounting standard on consolidated financial statements also issued by the ICAI for mandatory compliance effective April 1, 2001. 13.2 Notes on accounts The previous year's figures have been recast / restated, wherever necessary, to conform to the current year's classification. 13.2.1 Capital commitments and contingent liabilities a. The estimated amount of contracts remaining to be executed on capital account, and not provided for (net of advances) is Rs. 158,25,35,171 as at March 31, 2001 (previous year - Rs. 80,31,29,007). b. The company has outstanding guarantees and counter guarantees of Rs. 6,83,05,000 as at March 31, 2001, to various banks, in respect of the guarantees given by the banks in favor of various government authorities (previous year - Rs. 5,26,30,000). c. Claims against the company, not acknowledged as debts, amounted to Rs. 8,75,532 as at March 31, 2001 (previous year - Rs. 32,89,661). d. Outstanding forward contracts amounted to US$ 20,000,000 (approximately Rs. 93,12,00,000 at year-end exchange rates) at March 31, 2001 (previous year - US$ Nil). 13.2.2 Quantitative details The company is engaged in the development and maintenance of computer software. The production and sale of such software cannot be expressed in any generic unit. Hence, it is not possible to give the quantitative details of sales and certain information as required under paragraphs 3, 4C and 4D of part II of Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956. 13.2.3 Imports on the Cost, Insurance and Freight basis [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Capital goods 113,56,33,008 37,47,31,691 Software packages 1,67,88,389 2,54,95,652 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13.2.4 Earnings in foreign exchange (on the receipts basis) [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Income from software development services and products 1708,67,49,891 833,29,73,465 Interest received on deposits with banks 19,55,81,989 18,42,65,368 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Expenditure in foreign currency (on the payments basis) [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Travel expenses 107,69,86,908 70,29,13,532
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Professional charges 14,63,89,491 4,51,95,637 Other expenditure incurred overseas for software development 489,94,99,776 221,74,57,133 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net earnings in foreign currency (on the receipts and payments basis) [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net earnings in foreign exchange 1115,94,55,705 555,16,72,531 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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13.2.5 Depreciation on assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 each During the year, the company charged depreciation at 100% in respect of assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 each, amounting to Rs. 34,99,43,502 (previous year - Rs. 13,21,59,074). 13.2.6 Managerial remuneration paid to the chairman, managing director and whole-time directors [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 * 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Salary 1,54,84,785 38,00,059 Contribution to provident fund and other funds 18,29,116 12,08,855 Perquisites 89,20,426 37,32,482 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * includes the remuneration paid to three directors who were co-opted into the board on May 27, 2000. Mr. Phaneesh Murthy, a whole-time director, is also a non-resident. Approval of the Central Government for the remuneration payable to him is awaited. 13.2.7 Managerial remuneration paid to non-whole-time directors [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Commission 59,22,049 48,17,800 Sitting fees 2,57,000 92,000 Reimbursement of expenses 9,09,070 10,13,703 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Computation of net profit in accordance with Section 349 of the Companies Act, 1956, and calculation of commission payable to non-whole time directors [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net profit after tax from ordinary activities 623,31,92,341 285,94,85,819 Add: 1. Whole-time directors remuneration 2,62,34,327 87,41,396 2. Directors sitting fees 2,57,000 92,000 3. Commission to non-whole time directors 59,22,049 48,17,800 4. Provision for bad and doubtful debts 19,27,45,549 94,03,099 5. Provision for bad loans and advances 7,11,816 -- 6. Provision on investments 15,28,98,608 -- 7. Depreciation as per the books of account 112,89,45,152 53,23,27,389 8. Provision for taxation 72,71,00,000 39,70,00,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 846,80,06,842 381,18,67,503 Less: Depreciation as envisaged under section 350 of the Companies Act * 112,89,45,152 39,86,14,483 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net profit on which commission is payable 733,90,61,690 341,32,53,020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Commission payable to non-whole-time directors: Maximum allowed as per Companies Act, 1956 at 1% 7,33,90,617 341,32,530 Maximum as approved by the shareholders at 0.5% 3,66,95,309 1,70,66,265 Commission approved by the board 59,22,049 48,17,800 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *The company depreciates fixed assets based on estimated useful lives that are lower than those implicit in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956. Accordingly, the rates of depreciation used by the company are higher than the minimum rates prescribed by Schedule XIV. 13.2.8 Exchange differences [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gains on the translation of foreign currency deposits 20,17,12,483 9,93,27,075 Net realized and unrealized exchange gains - others 19,45,83,779 8,76,31,024 Total net realized and unrealized gains 39,62,96,262 18,69,58,099 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Total realized and unrealized exchange gains comprise, gains on the translation of foreign currency deposits which is classified as "other income" and net realized and unrealized exchange gains, which are classified as "Income from software development services and products - overseas". 13.2.9 Research and development expenditure [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Capital 2,14,29,903 15,27,500 Revenue 14,97,08,196 8,07,35,940 Total research and development expenses 17,11,38,099 8,22,63,440 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13.2.10 Provision for contingencies The company had instituted a contingency plan effective October 1, 1998 and made a total provision of Rs. 9,99,00,000 to meet any possible disruption in client support due to the Year 2000 impact on the technology and communication infrastructure provided to the company by its vendors. In the year ended March 31, 2000, Rs. 2,42,29,154 was spent towards the Year 2000 transition effort, which was set off against the provision and the remainder of Rs. 7,56,70,846 was written back to the profit and loss account. 13.2.11 Provision for e-inventing the company The company made a provision of Rs. 3,50,00,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 1999 towards e-inventing the company. Until March 31, 2000 the company had incurred Rs. 3,10,99,023 towards e-inventing Infosys, which was set-off against the provision earlier made. The remainder of Rs. 39,00,977 was incurred and set-off against this provision during the first quarter of the current year. 13.2.12 Unearned revenue Unearned revenue as of March 31, 2001 amounting to Rs. 34,82,60,201 (previous year Rs. 17,56,71,963) primarily consists of client billings on fixed-price, fixed-time-frame contracts for which the related costs have not yet been incurred. 13.2.13 Dues to small-scale industrial undertakings As of March 31, 2001, the company had no outstanding dues to small-scale industrial undertakings (previous year Rs. Nil). 13.2.14 Balance of unutilized money raised by issue of American Depositary Shares During the year ended March 31, 1999, Infosys made an Initial Public Offering of American Depositary Shares ("ADS"), of US$ 70,380,000, equivalent to Rs. 296,86,00,000. The issue proceeds net of expenses of Rs. 19,68,00,000 were entirely utilized as of the balance sheet date. The unutilized ADS proceeds as at March 31, 2001 is Rs. nil (Rs. 140,99,00,000 as at March 31, 2000). 13.2.15 Stock option plans The company currently has three stock option plans. These are summarized below. 1994 Stock Offer Plan ("the 1994 Plan") As of March 31, 2001, 2,57,400 shares were outstanding with the Employee Welfare Trust and options to acquire 3,30,000 shares are outstanding with the employees under the 1994 Plan. These options were granted at an exercise price of Rs. 50 (post split) per option. Additionally, the number of shares earlier issued to employees subject to lock-in-period is 14,21,200 shares. 1998 Stock Option Plan ("the 1998 Plan") The company's 1998 Stock Option Plan ("the 1998 Plan") provides for the grant of non-statutory stock options and incentive stock options to employees. The board of directors approved the 1998 Plan in December 1997 and the company's shareholders approved the plan in January 1998. A total of 16,00,000 equity shares corresponding to 32,00,000 ADSs are currently reserved for issue pursuant to the 1998 Plan. The Government of India approved the 1998 Plan, subject to a limit of 14,70,000 equity shares, representing 29,40,000 ADSs, to be issued under the plan. These options may be issued at an exercise price that is not less than 90% of the fair market value of the underlying equity share on the date of the grant. The 1998 Plan will terminate in January 2008, unless terminated earlier. All options under the 1998 Plan are exercisable for ADSs representing equity shares. The compensation committee comprising members of the board of directors administers the 1998 Plan. [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of options granted, exercised and forfeited 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Options granted, beginning of year 6,89,500 4,19,000 Granted during the year 9,64,840 2,94,300 Exercised during the year 12,434 23,800 Forfeited during the year 76,400 -- Options granted, end of year 15,65,506 6,89,500 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Weighted average exercise price US$ 90.98 US$ 58.53 Rs. 4,236 Rs. 2,552 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1999 Stock Option Plan ("the 1999 Plan") In fiscal 2000, the company instituted the 1999 Plan. The shareholders and the board of directors approved the 1999 Plan in June 1999. The 1999 Plan provides for the issue of 66,00,000 equity shares to the employees. A compensation committee comprising a maximum of five members, the majority of whom are independent directors on the board of directors, administers the 1999 Plan. Under the 1999 Plan, options will be issued to employees at an exercise price, which shall not be less than the fair market value. Fair market value is the closing price of the company's shares in the stock exchange where there is the highest trading volume on a given date and if the shares are not traded on that day, the closing price on the next trading day. Under the 1999 Plan, options may be issued to employees at exercise prices that are less than fair market value only if specifically approved by the members of the company in a general meeting. [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of options granted, exercised and forfeited 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Options granted, beginning of year 10,06,800 -- Granted during the year 19,57,830 10,14,500 Exercised during the year 1,200 -- Forfeited during the year 1,69,450 7,700 Options granted, end of year 27,93,980 10,06,800 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Weighted average exercise price Rs. 5,572 Rs. 4,268 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13.2.16 Pro-forma disclosures relating to the Employee Stock Option Plans ("ESOPs") The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) issued the Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme Guidelines in 1999, which is applicable to all stock option schemes established on or after June 19, 1999. In accordance with these guidelines, the excess of the market price of the underlying equity shares as of the date of the grant of the options over the exercise price of the options, including up-front payments, if any, is to be recognized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. All options under the 1998 and 1999 stock option plans have been issued at fair market value, hence, there are no compensation costs. The company's 1994 stock option plan was established prior to the SEBI guidelines on stock options. Had the stock compensation costs for this stock option plan been determined as per the guidelines issued by SEBI, the company's reported net profit would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts indicated below. [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net profit: - As reported 628,81,36,341 293,51,56,665 - Adjusted pro forma 605,55,42,584 271,34,60,717 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13.2.17 Provision for taxation The company's profits from export activities are partly deductible from taxable income. However, most of Infosys' operations are conducted through 100% Export Oriented Units ("EOU"), which are entitled to a tax holiday for a period of ten years from the date of commencement of operations. The Government of India amended the tax incentive available to companies operating through EOUs. The tenure of tax exemption available to such companies is restricted to 10 consecutive years commencing from the earlier of the fiscal year in which the unit commences software development and March 31, 2000. Additionally, export-related tax deductions apart from the 100% EOU scheme earlier described are being phased out by fiscal 2004. The provision for taxation includes tax liabilities in India on the company's global income as reduced by exempt incomes and any tax liabilities arising overseas on income sourced from those countries. 13.2.18 Cash and bank balances The cash and bank balances include interest accrued but not due on fixed deposits amounting to Rs.1,94,43,708 for the year ended March 31, 2001 (previous year - Rs. 94,92,514). 13.2.19 Loans and advances Advances mainly comprises prepaid travel and per-diem expenses and advances to vendors for current assets. Deposits with financial institutions and a body corporate comprise: [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deposits with financial institutions: Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited 50,87,03,015 25,50,19,994 ICICI Limited 50,87,01,373 25,75,52,742 IDBI Limited 40,35,30,424 -- Deposits with body corporate: G E Capital Services India Limited 50,58,17,345 25,32,29,129 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 192,67,52,157 76,58,01,865 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The above amounts include interest accrued but not due amounting to Rs. 2,67,52,157 (previous year - s. 1,58,01,863).
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The financial institutions and the body corporate have superior credit ratings from a premier credit rating agency in the country. Mr. Deepak M. Satwalekar, Director, is also director of HDFC. Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy, Chairman and CEO, and Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam, Director, are also directors in ICICI Limited. Except as directors in these financial institutions, these persons have no direct interest in these transactions. 13.2.20 Current liabilities Sundry creditors for other liabilities represent mainly the retention amounts payable to the vendors, and amounts accrued for various other operational expenses. 13.2.21 Fixed assets The company has entered into lease-cum-sale agreements to acquire certain properties. In accordance with the terms of these agreements, the company has the option to purchase the properties outright at the expiry of the lease period. The company has already paid 99% of the value of the properties at the time of entering into the lease-cum-sale agreements. These amounts are disclosed as Land - lease-hold under Fixed assets in the financial statements. 13.2.22 Transfer of intellectual property rights During the year, the company transferred its intellectual property rights in Onscan-a web-focused wireless-enabled notification product, to OnMobile Systems Inc. (formerly Onscan Inc.), USA, a company incubated by Infosys as part of its ongoing effort to encourage and promote budding entrepreneurs among its employees. The product was transferred for a gross consideration of Rs. 8,93,40,000 (US$ 2 million), received as equity, preferred voting and preferred non-voting securities in OnMobile Systems Inc. The income arising out of the transfer of Rs. 5,49,44,000 (net of tax) is disclosed as an extraordinary item. 13.2.23 Investments PurpleYogi Inc., USA During the year, the company made a strategic investment of Rs. 2,33,34,992 comprising 2,76,243 fully paid Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, par value of US$ 0.001 each, at US$ 1.81 each in PurpleYogi Inc., USA. PurpleYogi Inc. is a developer of infrastructure software for information management, related to empowering networks to enable next generation content management and enterprise knowledge management solutions. M-Commerce Ventures Pte. Ltd., Singapore The company has a commitment to invest an aggregate amount of Singapore $ ("S$") 1,000,000 in M-Commerce Ventures Pte Ltd ("MCV"), a Singapore based venture fund. As at December 31, 2000, the company had made an investment of Rs. 1,84,47,700 (equivalent to S$ 700,000), and acquired 70 capital units in MCV. Each unit in MCV represents one ordinary share of S$ 1 each, issued at par, and nine redeemable preference shares at a par value of S$ 1 each, with a premium of S$ 1,110 per redeemable preference share. MCV is promoted by the Economic Development Board, Singapore and intends to focus on companies offering mobile portals, personal information management and messaging, bandwidth optimization and other key enablers of m-commerce. EC Cubed Inc., USA During the year, EC Cubed Inc., USA ("EC Cubed"), one of the companies in which Infosys had made a strategic investment, filed for liquidation. Pending the conclusion of liquidation proceedings, the company has provided for the entire investment, amounting to Rs. 13,08,00,000 in its profit and loss account. Alpha Thinx Mobile Phone Services AG, Austria During the year, the company invested Rs. 2,20,98,608 (equivalent to <128> 555,800) and acquired 27,790 bearer shares of nominal value <128> 1 each, at an issue price of <128> 20 per share in Alpha Thinx Mobile Phone Services AG ("Alpha Thinx"), a Vienna-based company. Due to adverse market conditions and non-availability of additional funding, the company filed for liquidation. Pending the conclusion of liquidation proceedings, the company has provided for the entire investment, amounting to Rs. 2,20,98,608, in its profit and loss account. Asia Net Media BVI Ltd., the British Virgin Islands During the year, the company invested Rs. 6,84,75,000 (equivalent to US$ 1,500,000) and acquired 3,00,00,000 Ordinary Shares of par value US$ 0.01 each, at an issue price of US$ 0.05 per Ordinary Share in Asia Net Media BVI Limited ("Asia Net"). Asia Net intends to leverage under-exploited offline brands in media and entertainment by delivering them through online channels, and to establish a synergistic network of companies in this space. CiDRA Corporation, USA During the year, the company made a strategic investment of Rs. 13,40,08,660 comprising 33,333 fully paid Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, par value of US$ 0.01 each, at US$ 90 each in CiDRA Corporation, USA. CiDRA
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Corporation is a developer of photonic devices for high-precision wavelength management and control for next-generation optical networks. 13.2.24 Segment reporting The company's operations predominantly relate to providing IT services, delivered to customers globally operating in various industry segments. Accordingly, IT service revenues represented along industry classes comprise the primary basis of segmental information set out in these financial statements. Secondary segmental reporting is performed on the basis of the geographical location of customers. The accounting principles consistently used in the preparation of the financial statements are consistently applied to record revenue and expenditure in individual segments, are as set out in the note of significant accounting policies. Industry segments at the company are primarily -- financial services comprising customers providing banking, finance and insurance services; manufacturing companies; companies in the telecommunications and the retailing industries; and others such as utilities, transportation and logistics companies. Revenue and direct expenses in relation to segments are categorized based on items that are individually identifiable to that segment, while the remainder of the costs are categorized in relation to the associated turnover of the segment. Certain expenses such as depreciation, which form a significant component of total expenses, are not specifically allocable to specific segments as the underlying services are used interchangeably. Management believes that it is not practical to provide segment disclosures relating to those costs and expenses, and accordingly these expenses are separately disclosed as "unallocated" and adjusted only against the total income of the company. Fixed assets used in the company's business or liabilities contracted have not been identified to any of the reportable segments, as the fixed assets and services are used interchangeably between segments. Management believes that it is currently not practicable to provide segment disclosures relating to total assets and liabilities since a meaningful segregation of the available data is onerous. Customer relationships are driven based on the location of the respective clients. North America comprises the United States of America, Canada and Mexico; Europe includes continental Europe (both the east and the west), Ireland and the United Kingdom; and the Rest of the World comprising all other places except, those mentioned above and India. Geographical revenues are segregated based on the location of the customer who is invoiced or in relation to which the revenue is otherwise recognized. 13.2.25 Related party transactions The company entered into related party transactions during the year with Yantra Corporation, USA, the subsidiary of the company and key management personnel. The transactions with Yantra comprise sales of Rs. 19,64,85,967 during the year ended March 31, 2001 (previous year - Rs. 11,40,18,373). The outstanding dues from the subsidiary are as set out in schedule 5, Sundry debtors, to the financial statements. Key management personnel are non-director officers of the company, who have the authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the company. The loans and advances receivable from non-director officers is stated in schedule 7, Loans and advances, to the financial statements. 13.2.26 Provisions for doubtful debts Periodically, management evaluates all customer dues to the company for collectibility. The need for provisions is assessed based on various factors including collectibility of specific dues, risk perceptions of the industry in which the customer operates, general economic factors, which could affect the customer's ability to settle. The company normally provides for debtor dues outstanding for 180 days or longer. For the year ended March 31, 2001, the company has provided for doubtful debts of Rs. 8,55,48,753 (previous year Rs. Nil) on dues from certain customers although the outstanding amounts were less than 180 days old, since the amounts were considered doubtful of recovery. Management continues pursuing the parties for recovery of the dues, in part or full. 13.2.27 Dividends remitted in foreign currencies The company remits dividends in foreign currency only in respect of the holders of American Depository Shares ("ADS holders") to the depositary bank in Indian rupees. The depositary bank is the sole registered shareholder on record for all owners of the company's ADSs. Particulars of dividends remitted are as follows: [Enlarge/Download Table] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Particulars Number of shares to which Year ended March 31, the dividends relate 2001 2000 Amount (Rs.) Amount (Rs.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Final dividend for fiscal 1999 10,35,000 - 62,10,000 Interim dividend for fiscal 2000 10,35,000 - 31,05,000 Final dividend for fiscal 2000 20,81,900 62,11,810 - Interim dividend for fiscal 2001 20,82,567 52,06,417 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,14,18,227 93,15,000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Industry segments [Enlarge/Download Table] Year ended March 31, 2001 in Rs. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Financial services Manufacturing Telecom Retail Others Total ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Revenues 640,77,55,042 338,84,20,263 350,11,16,331 172,86,39,345 397,97,27,826 1900,56,58,807 Identifiable operating expenses 225,87,90,591 130,66,14,108 88,39,38,378 54,74,24,303 120,92,12,385 620,59,79,765 Allocated expenses 177,68,81,844 90,69,15,538 93,89,68,074 46,30,82,749 106,54,09,651 515,12,57,856 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Segmental operating income 237,20,82,607 117,48,90,617 167,82,09,879 71,81,32,293 170,51,05,790 764,84,21,186 Unallocable expenses 128,18,43,760 Operating income 636,65,77,426 Other income (expense), net 59,37,14,915 Net profit before taxes 696,02,92,341 Income taxes 72,71,00,000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net profit after taxes 623,31,92,341 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ended March 31, 2000 in Rs. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Financial services Manufacturing Telecom Retail Others Total ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Revenues 265,30,85,370 202,83,52,254 135,55,15,518 93,73,76,882 184,89,06,949 882,32,36,973 Identifiable operating expenses 101,19,71,503 75,67,92,632 40,28,62,023 27,76,93,104 66,64,12,833 311,57,32,095 Allocated expenses 69,37,68,066 50,86,57,287 34,03,02,435 23,63,91,743 46,26,83,234 224,18,02,765 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Segmental operating income 94,73,45,801 76,29,02,335 61,23,51,060 42,32,92,035 71,98,10,882 346,57,02,113 Unallocable expenses 60,06,27,389 Operating income 286,50,74,724 Other income (expense), net 39,14,11,095 Net profit before taxes 325,64,85,819 Income taxes 39,70,00,000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net profit after taxes 285,94,85,819 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Geographic segments [Enlarge/Download Table] Year ended March 31, 2001 in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ North America Europe India Rest of the World Total ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Revenues 1396,90,84,594 358,05,91,607 26,53,92,386 119,05,90,220 1900,56,58,807 Identifiable operating expenses 443,71,64,129 125,44,88,260 8,95,83,246 42,47,44,130 620,59,79,765 Allocated expenses 377,03,71,740 96,78,27,796 8,59,85,652 32,70,72,668 515,12,57,856 -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Segmental operating income 576,15,48,725 135,82,75,551 8,98,23,488 43,87,73,422 764,84,21,186 Unallocable expenses 128,18,43,760 Operating income 636,65,77,426 Other income (expense), net 59,37,14,915 Net profit before taxes 696,02,92,341 Income taxes 72,71,00,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net profit after taxes 623,31,92,341 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Year ended March 31, 2000 in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ North America Europe India Rest of the World Total ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Revenues 688,38,28,204 130,36,56,209 12,62,56,042 50,94,96,518 882,32,36,973 Identifiable operating expenses 233,90,25,514 54,42,04,124 3,92,29,204 19,32,73,253 311,57,32,095 Allocated expenses 173,76,61,289 33,01,22,096 4,52,76,088 12,87,43,292 224,18,02,765 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Segmental operating income 280,71,41,401 42,93,29,989 4,17,50,750 18,74,79,973 346,57,02,113 Unallocable expenses 60,06,27,389 Operating income 286,50,74,724 Other income (expense), net 39,14,11,095 Net profit before taxes 325,64,85,819 Income taxes 39,70,00,000 Net profit after taxes 285,94,85,819 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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13.2.28 Reconciliation of basic and diluted shares used in computing earnings per share [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Particulars Year ended March 31, 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Number of shares considered as basic weighted average shares outstanding 6,61,52,131 6,61,39,372 Add: Effect of dilutive issues of shares/stock options 2,06,180 18,447 Number of shares considered as weighted average shares and potential shares outstanding 6,63,58,311 6,61,57,819 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13.2.29 Pro-forma disclosures relating to deferred income taxes The pro-forma amounts based on the following proposed accounting policy in conformity with the referred exposure draft issued by the ICAI relating to accounting for income taxes is given below. Income taxes are computed using the tax effect accounting method, where taxes are accrued in the same period the related revenue and expenses arise. The differences that result between the profit offered for income taxes and the profit as per the financial statements are identified and thereafter a deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability is recorded for timing differences, namely the differences that originate in one accounting period and reverse in another, based on the tax effect of the aggregate amount being considered. The tax effect is calculated on the accumulated timing differences at the end of an accounting period based on prevailing enacted regulations. Deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is reasonable certainty that they will be realized and are reviewed for the appropriateness of their respective carrying values at each balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets: [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fixed assets 7,07,25,385 11,55,09,912 Investments 7,44,36,031 - Others 1,01,42,724 39,75,433 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15,53,04,140 11,94,85,345 ========================================================================================================================= Net profit after tax: in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As reported 628,81,36,341 293,51,56,665 Adjusted pro-forma 632,39,55,136 297,20,17,263 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- When the exposure draft is formally issued by the ICAI and adopted by the company, the cumulative charge or benefit of deferred taxes until April 1, 2001, the effective date of the standard's adoption by the company, will be recorded as an appropriation to accumulated profits, currently estimated by management at Rs. 15,53,04,140, while the deferred tax charge or benefit for the periods commencing from April 1, 2001 will be recorded as a part of the income tax charge on net profits.
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Attachment to the Balance Sheet as per Section 212 of the Companies Act, 1956 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Consolidated Balance Sheets of Yantra Corporation as at March 31, in `000s 2001 2000 ------------------------ ------------------------- USD Rs. USD Rs. ---------- ------------ --------- -------------- ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents 30,935 144,03,33 16,844 73,43,98 Marketable securities 10,739 50,00,08 - - Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful 2,475 11,52,36 2,805 12,22,98 accounts of $335 and $295 at March 31, 2001 and 2000 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 932 4,33,94 415 1,80,94 ---------- ----------- --------- ---------- Total current assets 45,081 209,89,71 20,064 87,47,90 Property and equipment, net 5,455 25,39,85 2,539 11,07,01 Other long-term assets 950 4,42,32 285 1,24,26 ---------- ------------ --------- ---------- Total assets 51,486 239,71,88 22,888 99,79,17 ========== ============ ========= ========== LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Current portion of long-term obligations 1,977 9,20,49 987 4,30,33 Accounts payable 949 4,41,85 1,388 6,05,17 Accrued expenses 3,660 17,04,10 2,836 12,36,50 Deferred revenue 2,801 13,04,15 3,181 13,86,91 ---------- ------------ --------- ---------- Total current liabilities 9,387 43,70,59 8,392 36,58,91 ---------- ------------ --------- ---------- Long-term obligations, excluding current portion 1,507 7,01,66 3,650 15,91,40 ---------- ----------- --------- ---------- Total liabilities 10,894 50,72,25 12,042 52,50,31 ---------- ----------- --------- ---------- Stockholders' equity: Redeemable convertible preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 32,809,864 and 22,717,708 shares authorized; 30,119,744 and 20,517,241 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2001 and 2000 79,200 368,75,52 26,991 117,68,08 Common stock, $0.01 par value; 75,000,000 and 50,000,000 shares authorized; 10,989,744 and 10,080,100 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2001 and 2000 110 51,22 101 44,04 Additional paid-in capital 3,343 15,56,50 2,722 11,86,79 Notes receivable from stockholders (653) (3,04,04) (816) (3,55,78) Accumulated other comprehensive loss (35) (16,30) - - Accumulated deficit (41,373) (192,63,27) (18,152) (79,14,27) ---------- ----------- --------- ---------- Total stockholders' equity 40,592 188,99,63 10,846 47,28,86 ---------- ----------- --------- ---------- Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 51,486 239,71,88 22,888 99,79,17 ========== =========== ========= ========== 1. The audited balance sheets of Yantra Corporation are in U.S. dollars and as per US GAAP and, are translated into Indian Rupees at the closing exchange rates on March 31, 2001 and 2000, of US$ 1 = Rs. 46.56 and US$ 1 = Rs. 43.60, respectively. 2. The Department of Company Affairs, Government of India, has granted exemption from the reporting requirements of Section 212 of the Companies Act, 1956, except in the case of the above balance sheets of Yantra Corporation.
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Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Overview The financial statements have been prepared in compliance with the requirements of the Companies Act, 1956, and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India. There are no material departures from prescribed accounting standards in the adoption of the accounting standards. The management of Infosys accepts responsibility for the integrity and objectivity of these financial statements, as well as for various estimates and judgements used therein. The estimates and judgments relating to the financial statements have been made on a prudent and reasonable basis, in order that the financial statements reflect in a true and fair manner, the form and substance of transactions, and reasonably present the company's state of affairs and profits for the year. A. Financial condition 1. Share capital [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Year ended March 31, 2001 2000 Number Rs. Number Rs. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Opening balance at the beginning of the fiscal year 6,61,50,700 33,07,53,500 3,30,69,400 33,06,94,000 Effect of stock split in February 2000 - - 3,30,69,400 - Shares issued during the year upon conversion of : - options issued under 1998 plan 6,217 31,085 11,900 59,500 - options issued under 1999 plan 1,200 6,000 - - Closing balance at the end of the fiscal year 6,61,58,117 33,07,90,585 6,61,50,700 33,07,53,500 Add: Forfeited shares - 1,500 - 1,500 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 6,61,58,117 33,07,92,085 6,61,50,700 33,07,55,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- At present, the company has only one class of shares. In February 2000, the company subdivided its equity share of par value Rs. 10 each into two equity shares of par value of Rs. 5 each and the same was approved by the shareholders at the Extraordinary General Meeting held in December 1999. Due to this, the issued, subscribed and outstanding shares increased from 3,30,69,400 shares of par value of Rs. 10 each to 6,61,38,800 shares of par value of Rs. 5 each. The authorized share capital of the company increased from 5,00,00,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 par value per share to 10,00,00,000 equity shares of Rs. 5 par value per share. During the year, 20 employees exercised 12,434 ADSs (equivalent to 6,217 equity shares of par value of Rs. 5 each) issued under the 1998 Stock Option Plan. Also, during the year, 22 employees exercised 1,200 equity shares issued under the 1999 Stock Option Plan. Consequently, the issued, subscribed and outstanding shares increased by an additional 7,417 equity shares. In comparison, during the previous year, 17 employees exercised 23,800 ADSs (equivalent to 11,900 equity shares of par value of Rs. 5 each) issued under the 1998 Stock Option Plan leading to an increase in issued, subscribed and outstanding shares by an additional 11,900 equity shares. 2. Reserves and surplus The addition to the share premium account of Rs. 2,37,48,821 during the year is due to the premium received on issue of 7,417 equity shares of par value of Rs. 5 each on exercise of options issued under the 1998 and 1999 Stock Option Plans. During the previous year, an amount of Rs. 1,75,65,777 was added to the share premium account on account of premium received on issue of 11,900 equity shares of par value of Rs. 5 each (equivalent to 23,800 ADSs) on exercise of options issued under the 1998 Stock Option Plan at an exercise price of $ 17 per ADS (adjusted for the stock split of 2:1). The reduction in the share premium of Rs. 2,35,06,514 during the previous year relates to expenses incurred on issue of ADSs in March 1999. The total cost related to the issue of American Depositary Shares (ADS) was Rs. 19,68,20,929 (which accounted for 6.65% of the gross issue proceeds) and the details of the same are given below: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nature of expenses Rs. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Travel expenses 35,91,484 India advisor's fees 1,48,43,142 Legal and accounting fees 3,37,04,384 Registration and filing fee 30,86,211 Stamp duty 29,88,150 Underwriters' spread 14,28,61,129 Contribution received from depositary (1,19,57,225) Printing expenses 77,03,654 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19,68,20,929 ===========================================================================
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Also, during the previous year, an amount of Rs. 1,01,93,113 was incurred in connection with the registration of the ADS linked stock option plan with the Securities and Exchange Commission, USA and the same was accounted for as a reduction from the share premium account. 3. Fixed assets [Enlarge/Download Table] As of March 31 in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Particulars 2001 2000 Growth % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Land - free-hold 9,03,58,977 1,89,83,650 375.98 - lease-hold 27,58,51,790 19,17,69,406 43.85 Buildings 157,70,54,610 58,90,10,239 167.75 Plant and machinery 112,04,63,007 51,75,81,633 116.48 Computer equipment 223,94,47,475 112,23,85,220 99.53 Furniture and fixtures 100,47,51,161 39,92,10,666 151.68 Vehicles 35,17,005 13,64,329 157.78 Total 631,14,44,025 284,03,05,143 122.21 Less: accumulated depreciation 244,13,15,982 133,65,20,594 82.66 Net block 387,01,28,043 150,37,84,549 157.36 Add: capital work-in-progress 170,65,04,250 56,96,03,505 199.60 Net fixed assets 557,66,32,293 207,33,88,054 168.96 Depreciation as a % of total revenues 5.76% 5.78% Accumulated depreciation as a % of gross block 38.68% 47.05% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- During the year, the company added Rs. 349,66,44,427 to its gross block of assets, including investment in technology assets of Rs. 113,83,99,209. The company also invested Rs. 15,54,57,711 on acquisition of land at Bangalore, Chennai, Pune, Bhubaneswar, Mangalore and Mysore, all in India, for creating software development infrastructure. During the year, the company operationalized new software development centers at Bangalore, Chennai, Pune, Bhubaneshwar and Mangalore, and consequently the investment in buildings increased by Rs. 98,80,44,371. Due to all these new centers being operationalized during the year, technology assets, plant and machinery, and furniture and fixtures increased by Rs. 113,83,99,209, Rs. 60,64,52,428 and Rs. 60,60,03,206 respectively. As of March 31, 2001, the company had 16,65,800 sq.ft. of space capable of accommodating 10,100 professionals and 19,08,200 sq.ft. under construction, which includes 1,50,000 sq.ft. of space for Infosys Leadership Institute which is coming up in Mysore, India. During the previous year, the company added Rs. 117,79,35,912 to its gross block, including investment in technology assets of Rs. 37,46,60,063. The capital work-in-progress as at March 31, 2001 and 2000 represents advances paid towards acquisition of fixed assets, and the cost of assets not put to use. During the year, the company donated 371 computer systems costing Rs. 2,05,09,882 (book value Rs.4) to certain educational institutions and the same is disclosed under the heading Deductions during the year, under both Gross block and Depreciation. The corresponding amount for the previous year was Rs. 1,80,89,383 (book value Nil). The company has a capital commitment of Rs. 1,58,25,35,171 as of March 31, 2001, as compared to Rs. 80,31,29,007 as of March 31, 2000. The company believes that it will be able to fund its expansion plans from internal accruals and liquid assets. The company may also take recourse to borrowings to meet its capital expenditure, should it be deemed necessary. 4. Investments 4.1 Yantra Corporation [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sl. Particulars Year of Investment Investment No investment in $ in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Investment by way of cash remittance towards issue March 31, 1996 500,000 1,73,51,600 of 25,00,000 shares of common stock at $ 0.20 per share, par value of $ 0.01 per share 2. Investment by way of transfer of product "EAGLE" March 31, 1997 1,000,000 3,59,00,000 for a consideration of 50,00,000 shares of common stock at $ 0.20 per share, par value of $ 0.01 per share 3. Investment by way of cash remittance towards issue March 31, 1998 1,500,000 5,45,10,000 of 20,00,000 shares of convertible preferred stock at $ 0.75 per share, par value of $ 0.01 per share 4. Sale of 13,63,637 shares of convertible preferred stock March 31, 1999 (1,022,728) (3,71,65,926) at $ 1.10 per share, par value of $ 0.01 per share 5. Provision for investments March 31, 1999 (1,977,272) (7,05,95,674)
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[Enlarge/Download Table] 6. Balance as on March 31, 2001 - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ On June 14, 1999, Yantra issued Series C Preferred stock amounting to $15.0 million to various unrelated existing and new investors, thereby reducing Infosys' economic interest in Yantra to approximately 25% on a fully diluted basis. In July 2000, Yantra issued Series D Convertible Preferred Stock amounting to $ 49 million, to unrelated existing and new investors, further reducing Infosys' economic interest in Yantra to approximately 16%. Mr. S. Gopalakrishnan, Deputy Managing Director of Infosys is a member on the board of Yantra Corporation as of March 31, 2001. Mr. Phaneesh Murthy, member of the board of Infosys, holds 74,992 shares in Yantra Corporation. These shares were issued at a price of $ 0.10 each. 4.2 EC Cubed Inc. During the previous year, an investment of $ 3,000,000 (Rs. 13,08,00,000) was made towards the issue of 13,00,108 shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock of par value of $ 0.0001 each of EC Cubed Inc. EC Cubed was founded in 1996 and was engaged in the development and delivery of B2B e- commerce solutions. It was ranked as one of the "Top 100 emerging companies to watch in 2000" by ComputerWorld. Infosys was a strategic IT partner to EC Cubed and participated in its fourth round of funding along with leading venture capitalists. Adverse market conditions resulted in EC Cubed being unable to raise further capital, forcing its liquidation. Pending the conclusion of liquidation proceedings, the company has provided for the entire amount of the investment amounting to Rs. 13,08,00,000. Infosys' cumulative billings from EC Cubed Inc. aggregated Rs.23,02,19,800 ($ 5,166,944) and the amount due was Rs. 4,66,91,951 ($ 1,002,834), which was provided for in full during the year. 4.3 Alpha Thinx Mobile Phone Services AG. During the current year, an investment of (Euro) 555,800 (Rs. 2,20,98,608) was made towards the issue of 27,790 bearer shares at (Euro) 20 each, fully paid, par value being (Euro) 1 each, in Alpha Thinx Mobile Phone Services AG ("Alpha Thinx") - a Vienna-based company operating in the wireless Internet space. Adverse market conditions resulted in Alpha Thinx being unable to raise further capital and thus forced its liquidation. Pending the conclusion of liquidation proceedings, the company has provided for the entire amount of the investment amounting to Rs. 2,20,98,608. Infosys' cumulative billings from Alpha Thinx aggregated Rs.6,58,32,093 ($ 1,437,532) and the amount due was Rs. 1,48,99,200 ($ 320,000), which was provided for in full during the year. 4.4 Asia Net Media (BVI) Limited During the current year, Infosys invested an amount of $ 1,500,000 (Rs. 6,84,75,000) in Asia Net Media BVI Limited ("Asia Net") towards issue of 3,00,00,000 ordinary shares of par value $ 0.01 each, at an issue price of $ 0.05 per ordinary share. Asia Net intends to leverage under-exploited offline brands in media and entertainment by delivering them through online channels and to establish a synergistic network of companies in this space. Infosys' cumulative billings from Billboard Live International (BLI), in which Asia Net Media holds 37% through a fully-owned subsidiary, aggregated Rs.5,31,72,528 ($ 1,189,701) and, as of March 31, 2001, the amount due was Rs. 1,87,17,120 ($ 402,000). Mr. Ramesh Vangal, a non-executive director of Infosys, is a member on the board of Asia Net Media. 4.5 CiDRA Corporation During the current year, Infosys invested an amount of $ 2,999,970 (Rs. 13,40,08,660) in CiDRA Corporation, USA towards issue of 33,333 fully paid Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, par value of $ 0.01 each, at $ 90 per share. CiDRA is a developer of photonic devices for high-precision wavelength management and control for next-generation optical networks. Infosys' cumulative billings from CiDRA aggregated Rs. 9,74,35,821 ($ 2,138,052) and, as of March 31, 2001, the amount due was Rs. 44,61,379 ($ 95,820). 4.6 JASDIC Park Company Infosys has invested an amount of Yen 24 million (Rs. 75,38,109) towards the issue of 480 shares of JASDIC Park Company thereby holding a 12.5% equity stake in it. JASDIC is an Indo-Japanese consortium founded by Mr. Kenichi Ohmae, a well-known management strategist, along with a few Japanese companies and three Indian companies including Infosys. The aim of JASDIC is to provide high-quality software services from India for the Japanese market. This is in line with Infosys' strategy to diversify its geographic client base. Infosys' cumulative billings from JASDIC aggregated Rs.44,74,19,122 ($ 10,118,993) and, as of March 31, 2001, the amount due was Rs. 4,64,99,841 ($ 998,708). 4.7 M-Commerce Ventures Pte. Ltd During the current year, Infosys invested an amount of S $ 700,000 (Rs. 1,84,47,700) in M-Commerce Ventures Pte. Ltd., Singapore (MCV), towards the issue of 70 capital units. Each capital unit represents one ordinary share of S$ 1 each, issued at par, and nine redeemable preference shares at a par value S $ 1 each, with a premium of S $ 1,110 per redeemable preference
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share. MCV is promoted by the Economic Development Board, Singapore and intends to focus on companies offering mobile portals, personal information management and messaging, bandwidth optimization and other key enablers of m-commerce. MCV is an incubation fund in the m-commerce space and Infosys has committed to invest an aggregate amount of S$ 1,000,000 in the fund. As of March 31, 2001, Infosys has an investment of S $ 700,000 in MCV. MCV has agreed to position Infosys as a preferred technology partner to its investee companies. Mr. Philip Yeo, a non-executive director of Infosys, is the chairman of the board of directors of EDB Investments Pte Ltd (EDBI). EDBI is the fund manager of M-Commerce Ventures Pte Ltd. 4.8 OnMobile Systems Inc. During the current year, Infosys invested an amount of $ 2,000,000 (Rs. 8,93,40,000) in OnMobile Systems Inc. (formerly Onscan Inc.) towards the issue of 1,00,000 common stock at $ 0.4348 each, fully paid, par value $ 0.001 each; 1,00,000 Series A Voting Convertible Preferred Stock at $ 0.4348 each, fully paid, par value $ 0.001 each; and 44,00,000 series A Non-voting Convertible Preferred Stock at $ 0.4348 each, fully paid, par value $ 0.001 each. OnMobile Systems Inc. was incubated by Infosys and the investment was made in the form of transfer of intellectual property rights in Onscan - a web- focussed wireless-enabled notification product. The income arising out of the transfer of the product, amounting to Rs. 5,49,44,000 (net of tax), is disclosed as an extraordinary item in the profit and loss account. Infosys' cumulative billings from OnMobile Systems Inc. aggregated Rs.13,84,30,739 ($ 2,993,399) and, as of March 31, 2001, the amount due was Rs. 1,94,30,745 ($ 417,327). Mr. S.D. Shibulal, a director of Infosys, is the chairman of the board of OnMobile Systems Inc. Mr. S. Gopalakrishnan and Mr. S.D. Shibulal, members of the board of Infosys hold 200,000 and 500,000 shares, respectively, in OnMobile Systems Inc., acquired at a price of $ 0.0435 per share. Mr. V. Balakrishnan, Associate Vice President - Finance and Company Secretary, Infosys, holds 100,000 stock options in OnMobile Systems Inc. granted at an exercise price of $ 0.0435 per option. 4.9 PurpleYogi Inc. During the current year, Infosys invested an amount of $ 500,000 (Rs. 2,33,34,992) in PurpleYogi Inc. towards the issue of 2,76,243 fully paid Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, par value of $ 0.001 each, at $ 1.81 per share. PurpleYogi is a developer of infrastructure software for information networks that enables intelligent content management and efficient enterprise-wide knowledge management. 4.10 Other investments Infosys has invested Rs. 10 and Rs. 10,350 respectively in Software Services Support Education Center Limited and The Saraswat Co-operative Bank Limited, respectively. 5. Sundry debtors Sundry debtors amount to Rs. 3,02,37,02,417 (net of provision for doubtful debts amounting to Rs. 18,17,23,491) as at March 31, 2001, as compared with Rs. 1,36,17,81,253 (net of provision for doubtful debts amounting to Rs. 2,21,26,448) as at March 31, 2000. These debtors are considered good and realizable. The need for provisions is assessed based on various factors including collectibility of specific dues, risk perceptions of the industry in which the customer operates and general economic factors which could affect the customer's ability to settle. Provisions are generally made for all debtors outstanding for more than 180 days as also for others depending on the management's perception of the risk. Debtors account 15.91% of total software revenues for the year ended March 31, 2001, as compared to 15.43% for the previous year, representing an outstanding of 58 days and 56 days of software revenues for the respective years. The age profile is as given below: As of March 31 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Period in days 2001 2000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 - 30 69.2% 64.7% 31 - 60 26.6% 31.8% 61 - 90 1.7% 1.8% More than 90 2.5% 1.7% -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100.0% 100.0% ========================================================================== The movements in provisions for doubtful debts during the year is as follows : [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ended March 31 2001 2000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Opening balance 2,21,26,448 1,27,23,349 Add: Amount provided during the year 19,27,45,549 94,03,099 Less: Amounts written-off during the year 3,31,48,506 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Closing balance 18,17,23,491 2,21,26,448 ==========================================================================================================================
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Provision for bad and doubtful debts and bad debts written off as a percentage of income were 1.00% and 0.27% in fiscal 2001 and 2000, respectively.
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6. Cash and bank balances [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As of March 31 2001 2000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cash balances 96,062 13,17,773 Bank balances in India current accounts 9,62,49,669 10,16,77,272 deposit accounts 181,88,52,687 22,91,45,764 EEFC deposit accounts in $ 3,17,15,827 25,81,47,267 Bank balances - overseas current accounts 54,00,67,439 63,39,94,737 deposit accounts 136,36,28,601 309,36,52,917 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total cash and bank balances 385,06,10,285 431,79,35,730 Add: Deposits with financial institutions / body corporate 192,67,52,157 76,58,01,865 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total cash and cash equivalents 577,73,62,442 508,37,37,595 ========================================================================================================== Cash and cash equivalents as a % of total assets 41.6% 61.0% Cash and cash equivalents as a % of revenues 29.5% 55.2% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The bank balances in India include both rupee accounts and foreign currency accounts. They also include Rs. 48,15,163 and Rs. 28,72,035 in the unclaimed dividend account for the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000. The deposit account represents deposits for short tenures. The details of such deposits are as under: in Rs. --------------------------------------------------------------------- As of March 31 2001 2000 --------------------------------------------------------------------- Deutsche Bank 50,44,30,381 - The Bank of Nova Scotia 5,16,03,579 - Standard Chartered Bank 50,22,19,043 - UTI Bank Limited 5,42,13,915 4,99,06,350 Citibank NA 50,62,80,563 - Bank of America 20,01,05,206 - State Bank of Mysore - 4,65,000 State Bank of India - 3,86,902 ICICI Bank Limited - 12,72,23,128 IDBI Bank Limited - 5,11,64,384 --------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 181,88,52,687 22,91,45,764 ===================================================================== The bank balances in overseas deposit accounts represents deposit maintained with State Bank of India, Nassau, New York. The bank balances in overseas current accounts are maintained to meet the expenditure of the overseas branches in USA and other countries, and to meet project-related expenditure overseas. 7. Loans and advances Advances are primarily towards amounts paid in advance for value and services to be received in future. The costs in excess of billings represent project costs in the nature of salaries, travel and other expenses incurred on fixed-price contracts, where milestones are yet to be reached, as of March 31, 2001. Advance income tax represents payments made towards tax liability for the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, and also refunds due for the previous years. The company's liability towards income tax is fully provided for. The details of advance income tax are given below: in Rs. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- As of March 31 2001 2000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Domestic tax 43,56,16,548 15,75,31,957 Overseas tax 80,17,81,244 38,65,64,396 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 123,73,97,792 54,40,96,353 ====================================================================== Deposits with financial institution and body corporate represents surplus money deployed in the form of short-term deposits. The details of such deposits are as under: [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As of March 31 2001 2000 =========================================================================================================== Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited 50,87,03,015 25,50,19,994 GE Capital Services India 50,58,17,345 25,32,29,129 ICICI Limited 50,87,01,373 25,75,52,742 IDBI Limited 40,35,30,424 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 192,67,52,157 76,58,01,865 ===========================================================================================================
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The company's treasury policy calls for investing only with highly-rated companies for short maturities with a limit on investments in individual companies. Loans to employees are made to enable the purchase of assets by employees and to meet any emergency requirements. These increased significantly during the year, due to an increase in the number of employees availing such loans. The details of these loans are given below: in Rs. -------------------------------------------------------------------- As of March 31 2001 2000 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Housing loan 25,85,17,558 22,27,03,635 Soft loan 10,14,62,528 6,57,41,196 Vehicle loan 12,47,47,042 8,51,56,036 Marriage loan 1,23,77,422 85,86,459 Other loans 74,79,378 52,47,500 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 50,45,83,928 38,74,34,826 ==================================================================== Other advances represent electricity deposits, telephone deposits, insurance deposits and advances of a similar nature. The rent and maintenance deposits are towards buildings taken on lease by the company for its software development centers in various cities. It also includes the deposits paid by the company to house its staff which is Rs. 2,55,08,400 for the current year as compared to Rs. 1,17,01,275 for the previous year. 8. Current liabilities Sundry creditors for goods represent the amount payable to vendors for the supply of goods. Sundry creditors for accrued salaries and benefits include the provision for bonus payable to the staff, and towards the company's liability for leave encashment valued on an actuarial basis. The details of the same are given below: [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As of March 31 2001 2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Accrued salaries payable 3,80,31,047 1,47,24,431 Accrued bonus payable to employees 34,43,68,845 8,57,89,374 Leave provision - as per actuarial valuation 18,97,50,132 12,37,93,244 Others 20,68,344 1,44,242 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 57,42,18,368 22,44,51,291 ========================================================================================================== Sundry creditors for other liabilities represent amounts accrued for various other operational expenses. Retention monies represent monies withheld on contractor payments pending final acceptance of their work. The withholding and other taxes payable represents tax withheld on benefits arising out of exercise of stock options issued under the 1998 and 1999 Employee Stock Option Plan, by various employees and also other local taxes payable in various countries on the services rendered by Infosys. All those taxes would be paid in due course. Advances received from clients denote monies received for the delivery of future services. Unclaimed dividends represent dividend paid, but not encashed by shareholders, and are represented by a bank balance of equivalent value. 9. Unearned revenue Unearned revenue as at March 31, 2001 and 2000 consists primarily of advance client billing on fixed-price, fixed-time-frame contracts for which related costs were not yet incurred. 10. Provisions Provisions for taxation represent estimated income tax liabilities, both in India and abroad. The details are as follows: in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ As of March 31 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Domestic tax 41,66,55,296 15,35,19,742 Overseas tax 81,23,56,445 47,25,00,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 122,90,11,741 62,60,19,742 ======================================================================== Tax on dividend denotes taxes payable on final dividend declared for the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000. The tax provisions and the corresponding advance tax payments will be set off upon completion of the related assessments. Proposed dividend represents the final dividend recommended to the shareholders by the board of directors, and would be paid after the Annual General Meeting, upon approval by the shareholders. The company has been preparing to leverage the opportunities offered by the e-commerce marketplace, and has taken the necessary steps to do so. This required that the company incur business restructuring costs towards creating a knowledge infrastructure, acquiring people with technical skills in the e-commerce area and e-inventing the company. Accordingly, the company made a provision of Rs. 3,50,00,000 during the quarter ended September 30, 1999. An amount of Rs. 3,10,99,023 was incurred towards e-inventing the company and was set-off against this provision. After this set-off, a balance of Rs. 39,00,977 remained as a provision for e-inventing the company as on March 31, 2000. The same was spent fully and set-off against the provision, during the current year.
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The provision for gratuity represented the excess of gratuity liability as per the actuarial valuation as of March 31, 2000 and the amount funded to the trust. The same was funded subsequently. The company does not have any such liability as of March 31, 2001. B. Results of operations 1. Income [Enlarge/Download Table] Year ended March 31 in Rs. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Particulars 2001 % 2000 % Growth % ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Software development services and products Overseas 1874,02,66,421 95.62 869,69,80,931 94.38 115.48 Domestic 26,53,92,386 1.35 12,62,56,042 1.37 110.20 Other income 59,37,14,915 3.03 39,14,11,095 4.25 51.69 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1959,93,73,722 100.00 921,46,48,068 100.00 112.70 =========================================================================================================== The company's revenues are generated principally on fixed-timeframe or time-and-material basis. Revenues from services provided on a time-and-materials basis are recognized in the month that services are provided and related costs are incurred. Revenues from fixed-timeframe projects are recognized upon the achievement of specified milestones identified in the related contracts, in accordance with the percentage of completion method. The segmentation of software development services and products is as follows: Year ended March 31 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Revenues by project type 2001 2000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Fixed price 28.20% 31.50% Time and material 71.80% 68.50% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 100.00% 100.00% ====================================================================== The company's revenues are also segmented into onsite and offshore revenues. Onsite revenues are those services which are performed at client sites as part of software projects, while offshore services are those services which are performed at the company's software development centers located in India. The details of services are given below: Year ended March 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Revenues by location 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Onsite 51.50% 48.50% Offshore 48.50% 51.50% ------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 100.00% 100.00% =================================================================== The services performed onsite typically generate higher revenues per-capita, but at lower gross margins than the same quantum of services performed at the company's own facilities. Therefore, any increase in the onsite effort puts pressure on the margins of the company. The details are as below: As of March 31 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Person-months (%) 2001 2000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Onsite 34.00% 32.50% Offshore 66.00% 67.50% ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 100.00% 100.00% ====================================================================== The growth in software development services and product revenues is due to an all round growth in various segments of the business mix. The growth is also mainly due to growth in business volumes and increase in billing rates. The details of the same is given below: [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ended March 31 2001 2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Income from software development services and products ($ millions) Onsite 213.03 98.57 Offshore 200.82 104.87 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 413.85 203.44 ========================================================================================================== Person-months (Nos.) Onsite 19,425 11,583 Offshore 37,676 24,058 Billed-total 57,101 35,641 Non-billable 15,799 9,243 Training 11,828 4,036 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total software professionals 84,728 48,920 Support 9,691 7,110 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total for the company 94,419 56,030 ==========================================================================================================
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Increase in billed person - months Onsite 7,842 5,244 % change 67.7% 82.7% Offshore 13,618 5,006 % change 56.6% 26.3% Total 21,460 10,250 % change 60.2% 40.4% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Increase in income from software development services and products ($ millions) [Enlarge/Download Table] Volume variance 126.10 59.97 % change 62.0% 49.6% Price variance 84.31 22.51 % change 41.4% 18.6% Total variance 210.41 82.48 % change 103.4% 68.2% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Details of geographical and business segmentation of revenues are provided in the Risk management section in this report. Other income as a percentage to total income declined from 4.25% in the previous year to 3.03% in the current year. The reduction is mainly due to software revenues growing faster than the treasury income. Also, there has been a reduction in income from sale of special import licenses issued by the government based on export performance of the company. The average yield on the deposits earned by the company is given below: [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Year ended March 31 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Average cash and cash equivalents during the year 543,05,50,019 462,51,64,269 Interest received during the year 37,54,58,594 26,68,79,106 Average yield 6.91% 5.77% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The increase in yield is primarily due to a larger proportion of deposits with banks and other entities in India. 2. Expenditure [Enlarge/Download Table] Year ended March 31 in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Particulars 2001 % 2000 % Growth % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total revenues 1959,93,73,722 100.00 921,46,48,068 100.00 112.70 Expenditure: Software development expenses 958,17,66,650 48.89 466,26,84,578 50.60 105.50 Administration and other expenses 177,54,70,971 9.06 69,48,50,282 7.54 155.52 Provision for investments 15,28,98,608 0.78 - - - Provision for contingencies - - 3,33,00,000 0.36 - Provision for e-inventing the company - - 3,50,00,000 0.38 - Total operating expenses 1151,01,36,229 58.73 542,58,34,860 58.88 112.14 Operating profit 808,92,37,493 41.27 378,88,13,208 41.12 113.50 Interest - - - - - Depreciation 112,89,45,152 5.76 53,23,27,389 5.78 112.08 Profit before tax and extraordinary item 696,02,92,341 35.51 325,64,85,819 35.34 113.74 Provision for tax 72,71,00,000 3.71 39,70,00,000 4.31 83.15 Profit after tax before extraordinary item 623,31,92,341 31.80 285,94,85,819 31.03 117.98 Extraordinary item - transfer of intellecutal property right (net of tax) 5,49,44,000 0.28 - - - - provision no longer required - - 7,56,70,846 0.82 - Net profit after tax and extraordinary item 628,81,36,341 32.08 293,51,56,665 31.85 114.24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.1 Software development expenses [Enlarge/Download Table] Year ended March 31 in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Particulars 2001 % 2000 % Growth% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Salaries and bonus including overseas staff expenses 675,86,45,286 34.48 307,54,46,295 33.38 119.76 Staff welfare 8,46,06,310 0.43 4,93,07,308 0.54 71.59 Contribution to provident and other funds 33,45,76,308 1.71 22,08,36,923 2.40 51.50 Foreign travel expenses 147,22,11,655 7.51 84,09,02,293 9.13 75.08 Consumables 5,86,87,245 0.30 2,70,06,251 0.29 117.31 Cost of software packages for own use 31,85,81,751 1.63 16,53,57,382 1.79 92.66 banking product 5,70,13,753 0.29 2,84,48,397 0.31 100.41 Computer maintenance 7,19,42,078 0.37 3,27,43,350 0.36 119.72 Communication expenses 31,52,55,986 1.61 17,31,23,718 1.88 82.10 Consultancy charges 9,19,25,609 0.47 2,85,50,034 0.31 221.98 Provision for post-sales client support 1,83,20,669 0.09 2,09,62,627 0.23 (12.60) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 958,17,66,650 48.89 466,26,84,578 50.60 105.50 ==============================================================================================================================
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Revenues 1959,93,73,722 100.00 921,46,48,068 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Employee costs comprise approximately 37% and 36% of total revenue for the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The increase is due to an increase in the average number of unbilled employees during the year due to training and bench, and also a change in the onsite-offshore mix, as compared to the previous year. The company added 4,442 employees (net) during the year as compared to 1,623 during the previous year. The utilization rates of the employees is as below: [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Year ended March 31 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Including trainees 67.40% 72.90% Excluding trainees 78.30% 79.40% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Foreign travel expenses, representing cost of travel abroad for software development and marketing, constituted approximately 8% and 9% of total revenue for the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Cost of software packages for own use represents the cost of software packages and tools procured for internal use, for enhancing the quality of its services and also for meeting the needs of software development. The cost of software packages purchased for own use has increased by approximately 93% during the year, and was approximately 2% of the total revenues for the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The company's policy is to charge such purchases to the profit and loss accounts in the year of purchase. A major part of the company's revenue comes from offshore software development. This involves the large-scale use of satellite connectivity in order to be online with clients. This represents approximately 2% each of total revenues for the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The company provided an amount of Rs. 1,83,20,669 and Rs. 2,09,62,627 towards post-sales client support for the year ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. This represents a provision for post-sales obligations of the company in respect of the outstanding fixed-price projects as at the year-end. This had come down by approximately 13% due to reduction in proportion of fixed-price, fixed-time frame projects to total income from 31.50% during the previous year to 28.20% in the current year. The company also utilizes outside consultants for part of its software development work. During the year, the company spent a sum of Rs. 9,19,25,609 towards consultancy as compared to Rs. 2,85,50,034 during the previous year, resulting in an increase of 222%. This increase is due to increase in number of consultants hired during the year. The company uses these consultants mainly to meet mismatch in certain skill sets required in various projects and would continue to use external consultants for some of its project work on a need basis. 2.2 Administration and other expenses [Enlarge/Download Table] Year ended March 31 in Rs. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Particulars 2001 % 2000 % Growth% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Travelling and conveyance 18,40,64,822 0.94 7,68,26,394 0.83 139.59 Rent 16,94,82,708 0.86 10,34,93,593 1.12 63.76 Telephone charges 14,02,60,363 0.72 5,93,95,252 0.64 136.15 Professional charges 20,40,21,385 1.04 7,55,68,079 0.82 169.98 Printing and stationery 6,25,54,206 0.32 2,76,70,902 0.30 126.06 Advertisements 6,30,77,831 0.32 2,12,41,343 0.23 196.96 Brand building 10,52,01,392 0.54 99,17,816 0.11 960.73 Office maintenance 12,84,32,642 0.66 5,81,01,381 0.63 121.05 Repairs to building 3,95,22,458 0.20 1,13,44,232 0.12 248.39 Repairs to plant and machinery 2,26,54,171 0.12 84,12,905 0.09 169.28 Power and fuel 11,78,45,258 0.60 5,01,41,466 0.54 135.03 Insurance charges 5,17,55,298 0.26 2,41,35,289 0.26 114.44 Rates and taxes 1,82,17,524 0.09 1,03,80,848 0.11 75.49 Donations 7,21,92,883 0.37 3,49,27,871 0.38 106.69 Auditors remuneration 21,85,000 0.01 26,35,000 0.03 (17.08) Bad loans and advances written off 4,141 0.00 3,13,050 0.00 (98.68) Bad debts written off 27,70,254 0.01 1,59,20,938 0.17 (82.60) Provision for bad and doubtful debts 19,27,45,549 0.98 94,03,099 0.10 1949.81 Provision for doubtful loans and advances 7,11,816 0.00 - - - Bank charges and commission 59,39,483 0.03 42,21,668 0.05 40.69 Commission charges 1,79,03,784 0.09 64,70,454 0.07 176.70 Freight charges 55,72,484 0.03 23,84,004 0.03 133.74 Professional membership and seminar participation fees 2,17,10,613 0.11 75,30,693 0.08 188.30 Marketing expenses 4,26,87,545 0.22 2,94,50,685 0.32 44.95 Commission to non-wholetime directors 59,22,049 0.03 48,17,800 0.05 22.92 Sales promotion expenses 70,16,656 0.04 26,70,973 0.03 162.70 Transaction processing fee and filing fees 1,52,76,339 0.08 3,69,846 0.00 4030.46 Other miscellaneous expenses 2,60,44,880 0.13 53,34,177 0.06 388.26 Postage and courier 2,27,86,459 0.12 1,37,56,638 0.15 65.64 Books and periodicals 1,69,10,978 0.09 77,13,886 0.08 119.23 Research grants 1,00,00,000 0.05 1,03,00,000 0.11 (2.91) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total administration and other expenses 177,54,70,971 9.06 69,48,50,282 7.54 155.52 ======================================================================================================================= Revenues 1959,93,73,722 100.00 921,46,48,068 100.00 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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The company incurred administration and other expenses at 9.06% of its total revenue during fiscal 2001 as compared to 7.54% during the previous year. Administration and other expenses as a percentage of total revenues increased during the year mainly due to increase in brand building expenses and increased provisioning for bad and doubtful debts. Travelling and conveyance expenses increased due to the increased levels of business and increase in number of development centers and sales offices. Rent expenses increased by approximately 64% during the year due to additional office properties leased during the year and increases in rentals of certain properties previously taken on lease. Telephone charges increased by 136% due to greater usage, in tune with the growth in business. Professional charges increased by 170%, due to increased globalization of the business. These charges include fees paid for availing services such as tax consultancy, US GAAP audit, and recruitment and training, etc. Printing and stationary increased due to increased levels of business. Advertisement expense increased by 197% due to increase in advertisements for recruitment purposes both in India and abroad. Brand building expenses increased by 961% during the year. It includes expenses incurred for participation in various seminars and exhibitions, both in India and abroad, various sales and marketing events organized by the company and also other advertisement and sales promotional expenses. The company added 122 new customers during the year as compared to 99 during the previous year. The auditors' remuneration during the previous year includes Rs. 4,50,000 paid towards other services. There was no increase in the auditors' fees during the current year. Provision for bad and doubtful debts increased from Rs. 94,03,099 during the previous year to Rs. 19,27,45,549 during the current year. The company management evaluates all customer dues to the company for collectibility and makes adequate provisions, wherever necessary. The company normally provides for all debtors dues outstanding for 180 days or longer. The need for provisions is assessed based on various factors including collectibility of specific dues, risk perceptions of the industry in which the customer operates, general economic factors, which could affect the customer's ability to settle. Provision for bad and doubtful debts and bad debts written off as a percentage of income were 1.00% and 0.27% in fiscal 2001 and 2000, respectively. The age-profile of debtors is given below: [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Period in days 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0 - 30 69.2% 64.7% 31 - 60 26.6% 31.8% 61 - 90 1.7% 1.8% More than 90 2.5% 1.7% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100.0% 100.0% ============================================================================================================ The transaction processing fee and filing fees represents processing fees paid for overseas residence permits and also processing fees to obtain immediate cash payment from one of the customers. The increase in all other expenses is primarily due to an increasing business. 3. Provision for investment During the year, two of your company's investee companies, EC Cubed Inc. and Alpha Thinx Mobile Phone Services AG, filed for liquidation. Pending the conclusion of liquidation proceedings, your company has provided Rs. 15.29 crore towards the entire amount of these investments. 4. Operating profits During the current year, the company earned an operating profit (profit before interest, depreciation and tax) of Rs. 808,92,37,493 representing 41.27% of total revenues as compared to Rs. 378,88,13,208, representing 41.12% of total revenues during the previous year. Excluding other income of Rs. 59,37,14,915 (3.03% of revenues) in the current year as compared to Rs. 39,14,11,095 (4.25% of revenues) in the previous year, the operating profit would have been Rs. 749,55,22,578 (39.4% of revenues) in the current year as compared to Rs. 339,74,02,113 (38.5% of revenues) in the previous year, despite a change in the onsite-offshore mix. 5. Interest The company continued to be debt-free during the current year. 6. Depreciation The company provided a sum of Rs.112,89,45,152 and Rs. 53,23,27,389 towards depreciation for the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, representing 5.76% and 5.78% of total revenues, respectively. The depreciation for the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, includes an amount of Rs. 34,99,43,502 and Rs. 13,21,59,074, respectively, towards 100% depreciation on assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 each. The depreciation as a percentage of average gross block is 24.67% and 23.50% for the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Depreciation charge includes an amount of Rs. 2,14,29,903 and Rs. 15,27,500 towards depreciation provided, in full, on assets acquired for research and development activities for the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. 7. Provision for tax The company has provided for its tax liability both in India and overseas. The present Indian corporate tax rate is 39.55% (comprising a base rate of 35% and a surcharge of 13% on the base rate). Export profits are entitled to benefit under two
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schemes of the Government of India. Under the first scheme (Section 80HHE of the Income Tax Act), a proportion of the profits of the company attributable to export activities are deductible from the income subject to tax. Under the second scheme, the profits attributable to the operations of the company under the 100% export oriented unit scheme -Software Technology Park (STP) scheme is entitled to a total tax holiday of ten years. A majority of the company's software development centers enjoy the benefits under the STP. For the year ended March 31, 2001, approximately 97.30% of software revenues came from software development centers operating under the Software Technology Park Scheme. The Government of India has recently amended the tax incentives available to companies set up in designated STPs. The period of the STP tax holiday available to such companies is restricted to 10 consecutive years beginning from the financial year when the unit started producing computer software or March 31, 2000, whichever is earlier. Additionally, the export deduction under Section 80HHE of the Income Tax Act will be phased out equally over a period of five years starting fiscal 2000. The details of the operationalization of various software development centers and the year to which the exemption under the Software Technology Park Scheme is available is provided hereunder: [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Location of the STP Year of Exemption Exemption commencement claimed from available upto ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Electronics City, Bangalore 1994-1995 1996-1997 2003-2004 Mangalore 1995-1996 1998-1999 2004-2005 Pune 1996-1997 1998-1999 2005-2006 Bhubaneswar 1996-1997 1998-1999 2005-2006 Chennai 1996-1997 1998-1999 2005-2006 Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore 1997-1998 1998-1999 2006-2007 Phase I, Electronics City, Bangalore 1998-1999 1998-1999 2007-2008 Phase II, Electronics City, Bangalore 1999-2000 1999-2000 2008-2009 Hinjewadi, Pune 1999-2000 1999-2000 2008-2009 Mysore 1999-2000 1999-2000 2008-2009 Hyderabad 1999-2000 1999-2000 2008-2009 Mohali 1999-2000 1999-2000 2008-2009 Sholinganallur, Chennai 2000-2001 2000-2001 2008-2009 Konark, Bhubaneshwar 2000-2001 2000-2001 2008-2009 Mangala, Mangalore 2000-2001 2000-2001 2008-2009 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The company has provided a sum of Rs. 1,40,00,000 and Rs. 24,00,000 during the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, in respect of tax liabilities of earlier years, consequent to the finalization of the tax assessments. The additional liability has arisen due to certain disallowances in India which are contested in appeal, and additional payments overseas. The company pays taxes in various countries in which it operates on the income that is sourced to those countries. The details of provision for taxes are as follows: [Enlarge/Download Table] Year ended March 31 in Rs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Particulars 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Overseas tax 48,31,00,000 28,70,00,000 Domestic tax 24,40,00,000 11,00,00,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total tax 72,71,00,000 39,70,00,000 ================================================================================================================== 8. Net profit The net profit of the company from ordinary activities amounted to Rs. 623,31,92,341 and Rs. 285,94,85,819 for the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. This represents 31.80% and 31.03% of total revenue for the respective years. Excluding foreign exchange translation differences of Rs. 39,62,96,262 (2.02% of revenues) in the current year as compared to Rs. 18,69,58,099 (2.03% of revenues) in the previous year, the net profit would have been Rs. 583,68,96,079 (30.40% of revenues) in the current year as compared to Rs. 267,25,27,720 (29.60% of revenues) in the previous year. Excluding other income of Rs. 59,37,14,915 (3.03% of revenues) in the current year as compared to Rs. 39,14,11,095 (4.25% of revenues) in the previous year, the net profit would have been Rs. 563,94,77,426 (29.67% of revenues) in the current year as compared to Rs. 246,80,74,724 (27.97% of revenues) in the previous year. 9. Excess provision no longer required The company instituted a contingency plan effective October 1, 1998 to meet any possible disruption in client support due to the Year 2000 impact on the technology and communication infrastructure provided to the company by its vendors. The contingency plan called for the creation of a total provision of Rs. 20.00 crore based on an initial estimate. This provision was required to be made over six quarters starting October 1998. Accordingly, the company made a total provision of Rs. 9.99 crore up to the quarter ended June 30, 1999. At that time, the company was led to believe that all its telecommunication service providers were Year 2000 ready, and therefore did not expect significant disruption of these facilities. During the second quarter of the previous year, the company made an appraisal and re-estimated the provision required for meeting such contingencies over the next two quarters and was of the opinion that the provision already
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made was adequate for the purpose and hence no further provision was required. During the previous year an amount of Rs. 2,42,29,154 was spent towards support for the Year 2000 transition activities and the same was set-off against the provision made earlier. After such set-off, a balance of Rs. 7,56,70,846 remained in the provision account, which was reversed during the previous year, as this provision was no longer required and disclosed as an extraordinary item in the profit and loss account. 10. Extraordinary item Infosys announced an incubation scheme for its employees to launch their own ventures while continuing to derive benefits from a close association with the company. Infosys launched Yantra in 1996 under this scheme, which is in the e-fulfillment space. Infosys had piloted another such venture - OnMobile Systems Inc. (formerly Onscan Inc.), which is in the wireless space. During the year, the company transferred its intellectual property rights in the Onscan product - a web-enabled notification product to OnMobile Systems Inc. The product was transferred for a gross consideration of Rs. 8.93 crore (US$ 2 million), received in the form of equity, preferred voting and preferred non-voting securities of OnMobile Systems Inc. The income from the transfer of Rs. 5.49 crore (net of tax) is disclosed as an extraordinary item in the profit and loss account. 11. Foreign exchange differences An amount of Rs. 39.63 crore and Rs. 18.70 crore is included in the profit and loss accounts for the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, representing the realized and unrealized exchange gains due to currency fluctuation. This represents 2.02% of total revenues for both the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000. 12. 1994 Employee Stock Offer Plan The company instituted an Employee Stock Offer Plan (ESOP) in 1994 for all eligible employees. Under the plan, warrants were transferred to employees deemed eligible by the advisory board constituted for the purpose. Accordingly, 60,00,000 warrants (as adjusted for the 1:1 bonus issue in October 1997 and March 1999 and 2-for-1stock split in February 2000) were issued by the company to the Infosys Technologies Limited Employees Welfare Trust, to be held in trust and transferred to selected employees from time to time. Warrants were issued at Re. 0.50 each and entitled the holder thereof to apply for and be issued one equity share of par value of Rs. 5 each at a price of Rs. 50, after a period of five years from the date of issue. The warrants and the shares to be issued were subject to a lock-in period of five years from the date of issue. The warrants expire on September 30, 1999, and are convertible before their expiration. All warrants were converted into shares. Under the ESOP scheme, the warrant holders are entitled to convert the warrants before any bonus or rights issue. The company issued bonus shares in the ratio of 1:1 during October 1997 and March 1999. Accordingly, the warrant holders, including the Trust and the employees, were given an option to convert their warrants and all warrants were converted into shares. They were also issued bonus shares, being holders of shares as on the record date. The company effected a stock-split (i.e., a subdivision of every equity share of par value of Rs. 10 each into two equity shares of par value of Rs. 5 each) in February 2000. The number of warrants issued and shares outstanding, after adjusting for the 2-for-1 stock split in fiscal 2000, is given below: [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Warrants subject to lock-in Right to shares ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Year ended No. of Warrants Shares issued Bonus shares No. of Shares March 31 employees transferred to on conversion issued on employees offered to employees of warrants, converted employees (Net) subject to warrants, free (Net) lock-in from lock-in ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1997 144 1,91,400 1,91,400 3,82,800 - - 1998 329 4,79,600 4,79,600 4,79,600 - - 1999 994 7,50,200 7,50,200 7,50,200 515 3,00,000 2000 - - - - 14 30,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 1,070 14,21,200 14,21,200 16,12,600 529 3,30,000 ============================================================================================================ By January 2001, the lock-in period ended in respect of 2,43,200 shares of par value of Rs. 5 each, held by 102 employees for warrants issued in April 1996. Employees hold 14,21,200 shares of par value of Rs. 5 each subject to lock-in and 3,30,000 rights to shares of par value of Rs. 5 each, as at March 31, 2001. 1,544 employees hold shares / rights to shares as of March 31, 2001, after netting the employees who have received shares / rights to shares in several years. [Enlarge/Download Table] Details of net warrants / rights to shares issued to employees ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Warrants / rights to shares issued Warrants / rights to shares forfeited ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Year ended March 31 No. of No. of No. of No. of employees shares employees shares* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1995 106 2,88,200 32 75,600 1996 144 3,16,000 42 72,800 1997 193 2,49,200 49 57,800
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[Enlarge/Download Table] 1998 368 5,40,800 39 61,200 1999 1,750 11,56,200 241 1,06,000 2000 14 30,000 - - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * 1,41,800 shares / rights to shares forfeited after the bonus issue are included in the respective years. [Enlarge/Download Table] Warrants originally allotted to ITL Employees' Welfare Trust 7,50,000 Less: Net warrants issued to eligible employees before bonus issue in October 1997 3,76,400 Warrants held by Trust immediately before bonus issue in October 1997 and converted to shares 3,73,600 Add: Bonus shares allotted to the Trust in October 1997 3,73,600 Shares held by the Trust immediately after bonus issue in October 1997 7,47,200 Add: Shares surrendered to the Trust after bonus issue in October 1997 26,500 Less: Net rights to shares issued to eligible employees before bonus issue in March 1999 6,64,300 Shares held by the Trust immediately before bonus issue in March 1999 1,09,400 Add: Bonus shares allotted to the Trust in March 1999 1,09,400 Shares held by the Trust immediately after bonus issue in March 1999 2,18,800 Less: Net rights to shares issued to eligible employees after bonus issue in March 1999 1,64,000 Add: Shares surrendered to the Trust after the bonus issue in March 1999 13,000 Add: Rights to shares surrendered to the Trust after the bonus issue in March 1999 31,400 Less: Net rights to shares issued to eligible employees in June 1999 15,000 Shares held by the Trust immediately before stock-split (i.e., the subdivision of equity shares of par value of Rs. 10 each into 2 equity shares of par value of Rs. 5 each) in February 2000 84,200 Add: Additional shares of par value of Rs. 5 per share allotted to the Trust in February 2000 84,200 Shares held by the Trust immediately after the split of face value to Rs. 5 per share (in February 2000) 1,68,400 Shares held by the Trust as of March 31, 2000 1,68,400 Add: Shares surrendered to the Trust during the year 2000-01 79,200 Add: Rights to shares surrendered to the Trust during the year 2000-01 10,600 Less: Rights to shares exercised by legal heirs of employees who died while in service 800 Shares held by the Trust as on March 31, 2001 2,57,400 13. 1998 Employee Stock Option plan (1998 plan) One of the objectives of the American Depositary Share (ADS) issue and the consequent listing on the NASDAQ stock exchange was to institute an ADS-linked stock option plan to attract the best and the brightest across the world. The necessary resolutions authorizing the board to formulate the scheme was approved by the shareholders in the Extraordinary General Meeting held on January 6, 1999. Accordingly, your directors had put in place an ADS-linked stock option plan termed as the "1998 Stock Option Plan". The compensation committee of the board administers the 1998 plan. The Government of India has approved the 1998 plan, subject to a limit of 14,70,000 equity shares of par value of Rs. 5 each representing 29,40,000 ADSs to be issued under the plan. The plan is effective for a period of 10 years from the date of its adoption by the board. The compensation committee of the board shall determine the exercise price for the ADS-linked stock option, which will not be less than 90% of the fair market value on the date of grant. The details of the grants made (adjusted for stock-split, as applicable) under the plan is provided below: [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Options granted Options forfeited ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Month of grant No. of No. of ADSs Grant price at No. of No. of ADSs employees* market per ADS employees ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- April 2000 10 32,500 $ 228.85 2 8,700 May 2000 2 4,500 $ 195.00 - - May 2000 (annual grant) 43 1,01,400 $ 154.00 8 11,600 June 2000 4 8,300 $ 190.00 1 4,000 July 2000 12 21,500 $ 182.00 1 2,200 August 2000 23 37,000 $ 123.94 2 400 September 2000 18 26,800 $ 155.55 1 200 October 2000 11 36,100 $ 114.00 - - November 2000 10 24,300 $ 121.63 1 300 December 2000 15 20,400 $ 138.50 - - January 2001 13 27,600 $ 92.86 1 200 February 2001 54 53,500 $ 113.70 - - February 2001 (annual grant) 566 5,42,440 $ 98.25 - - March 2001 20 28,500 $ 66.25 - - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 801* 9,64,840 17 27,600 =======================================================================================================================
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*Includes 49 employees who were granted ADS options twice. Therefore, the effective number of employees granted options is 752. During the year, 12,434 options issued under the 1998 plan were exercised and the remaining ADS options unexercised and outstanding as at March 31, 2001 were 15,65,506. 14. 1999 Employee Stock Option Plan (1999 plan) The shareholders approved the 1999 plan in June 1999. The 1999 plan provides for the issue of 66,00,000 equity shares to employees, adjusted for the recent stock split. The 1999 plan is administered by a compensation committee of the board comprising of five members, all of whom are independent directors on the board of directors. Under the 1999 plan, options were issued to employees at an exercise price not less than the fair market value. Fair market value means the closing price of the company's shares on the stock exchange where there is the highest trading volume on the date of grant and if the shares are not traded on that day, the closing price on the next trading day. Under the 1999 plan, options may also be granted to employees at exercise prices that are less than the fair market value only if specifically approved by the members of the company in a general meeting. The details of the grants made (adjusted for stock-split, as applicable) under the plan is provided below: [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Options granted Options forfeited ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Month of grant No. of No. of options Grant price No. of No. of options employees* Rs. employees ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- April 2000 8 5,400 9,838.85 1 600 May 2000 9 6,300 7,760.95 1 700 May 2000 (annual grant) 4,217 6,42,550 5,891.35 500 79,600 June 2000 6 4,400 7,935.05 1 700 July 2000 18 13,300 8,326.45 - - August 2000 1,766 2,15,800 7,270.55 82 11,900 September 2000 451 66,350 8,688.25 24 5,100 October 2000 512 71,250 7,288.70 19 3,700 November 2000 97 31,800 7,360.90 4 1,600 December 2000 514 75,150 7,469.75 13 1,550 January 2001 449 84,250 6,007.15 10 1,050 February 2001 409 67,050 6,383.20 6 1,250 February 2001 (annual grant) 1,028 6,33,180 5,723.75 2 900 March 2001 252 41,050 4,450.65 - - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 9,736* 19,57,830 663 1,08,650 ======================================================================================================================= *Includes 360 employees who were granted options twice. Therefore, the effective number of employees granted options is 9,376. During the year, 1,200 options issued under the 1999 plan were exercised and the remaining options unexercised and outstanding as at March 31, 2001 were 27,93,980. The total number of existing employees offered stock options under 1994, 1998 and 1999 plans is 9,767. 15. Reconciliation of Indian and US GAAP financial statements There are differences between the US GAAP and the Indian GAAP financial statements. The material differences arise due to the provision for deferred taxes and provision for deferred compensation due to the issue of stock options to employees. The reconciliation of profits as per the Indian and the US GAAP financial statements is given below. [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. crore ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Profit as per the Indian GAAP financial statements 628.81 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Less :Amortization of deferred stock compensation expense 23.26 Provision for e-inventing the company 0.40 Transfer of intellectual property rights 5.63 29.29 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Add :Provision for retirement benefits to employees 3.39 Deferred taxes 3.52 6.91 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net income as per the US GAAP financial statements 606.43 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Amortization of deferred stock compensation The Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 of US GAAP requires the accounting of deferred stock compensation on issue of stock options to employees, being the difference between the exercise price and the fair value as determined by the quoted market prices of the common stock on the grant date. In complying with this requirement, Infosys has charged to revenue under US GAAP an amount of Rs. 23.26 crore for the year ended March 31, 2001 as deferred stock compensation.
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Provision for e-inventing the company The company had made a provision towards e-inventing under Indian GAAP. The expenses incurred towards e-inventing the company were set off against the provision in the Indian GAAP financial statements. Under US GAAP, this amount was charged to the income statement. Provision for retirement benefits The provision for gratuity represents the valuation performed in accordance with US GAAP. Transfer of intellectual property rights The amount relates to the transfer of intellectual property rights to OnMobile Systems Inc. (formerly Onscan Inc.), USA. Deferred income tax provision US GAAP mandates that the tax element arising on timing differences in amortizing various Assets and Liabilities as per tax books and financial statements be accounted as deferred taxation and appropriate treatment be made in the income statement. There is no such requirement under Indian GAAP. 16. Employee stock compensation under SFAS 123 Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 123, Accounting for Stock Based Compensation, requires the proforma disclosure of the impact of the fair value method of accounting for employee stock valuation in the financial statements. The fair value of a stock option is determined using an option-pricing model that takes into account the stock price at the grant date, the exercise price, the expected life of the option, the volatility of the underlying stock and the expected dividends on it, and the risk-free interest rate over the expected life of the option. Applying the fair value based method defined in SFAS 123, the impact on the reported net profit and basic earnings per share would be as follows: [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ended March 31 2001 2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net profit: As reported 628,81,36,341 293,51,56,665 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adjusted proforma 457,91,19,647 242,34,41,938 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Basic earnings per share: As reported 95.06 44.38 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adjusted proforma 69.22 36.64 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- C. Outlook: issues and risks These have been discussed in detail in the Risk management section of this report. Auditors' certificate To The Members, Infosys Technologies Limited We have examined the cash flow statement of Infosys Technologies Limited (the company) for the year ended March 31, 2001. The statement has been prepared by the company in accordance with the requirements of Clause 32 of the listing agreements entered into with the Indian Stock Exchanges. for Bharat S Raut & Co. Chartered Accountants
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/s/ Balaji Swaminathan Bangalore Balaji Swaminathan April 11, 2001 Partner
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Cash flow statement for the year ended March 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- in Rs. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Schedule 2001 2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Profit before tax 696,02,92,341 325,64,85,819 Adjustments to reconcile profit before tax to cash provided by operating activities Profit on sale of fixed assets (9,17,890) (8,73,015) Depreciation and amortization 112,89,45,152 53,23,27,389 Income from investments (37,54,58,594) (26,68,79,106) Provisions on long-term investments 15,28,98,608 - Income taxes paid during the year 1 (85,18,05,440) (35,53,53,877) Exchange differences on translation of foreign currency deposits (20,17,12,483) (9,93,27,075) Changes in current assets and liabilities Sundry debtors (166,19,21,164) (51,65,92,828) Loans and advances 2 (34,72,64,731) (41,49,70,588) Current liabilities and provisions 3 60,92,54,409 35,99,38,427 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NET CASH GENERATED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES 541,23,10,208 249,47,55,146 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Proceeds on exercise of stock options 2,37,85,906 1,76,25,277 Dividends paid during the year (42,20,05,883) (19,92,57,109) Expenses relating to the issue of American Depositary Shares ("ADSs") - (2,35,06,514) Expenses relating to the issue of ADS-linked stock options - (1,01,93,113) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NET CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES (39,82,19,977) (21,53,31,459) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Purchases of fixed assets 4 (463,35,45,172) (159,87,03,617) Proceeds on sale of fixed assets 22,73,671 10,20,400 Long-term investments 5 (26,63,64,960) (13,08,00,000) Income from investments 37,54,58,594 26,68,79,106 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES (452,21,77,867) (146,16,04,111) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Effect of exchange differences on translation of foreign currency deposits 20,17,12,483 9,93,27,075 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents during the year 69,36,24,847 91,71,46,651 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR 508,37,37,595 416,65,90,944 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE YEAR 6 577,73,62,442 508,37,37,595 ======================================================================================================================= NOTES ON THE CASH FLOW STATEMENT 7 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The schedules referred to above and the notes thereon form an integral part of the cash flow statement. This is the cash flow statement referred to in our certificate of even date. for Bharat S Raut & Co. Chartered Accountants [Enlarge/Download Table] Balaji Swaminathan N. R. Narayana Murthy Nandan M. Nilekani Deepak M. Satwalekar Marti G. Subrahmanyam Partner Chairman and Managing Director, Director Director President Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer Jitendra Vir Singh Omkar Goswami Larry Pressler Rama Bijapurkar Director Director Director Director S. Gopalakrishnan K. Dinesh S. D. Shibulal T. V. Mohandas Pai Deputy Managing Director Director Director Director and Chief Financial Officer
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[Download Table] Phaneesh Murthy Srinath Batni V. Balakrishnan Bangalore Director Director Company Secretary and April 11, 2001 Associate Vice President - Finance
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Schedules to the cash flow statement for the year ended March 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ in Rs. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 INCOME TAXES PAID DURING THE YEAR Charge as per the profit and loss account 72,71,00,000 39,70,00,000 Add: Tax provided on Intellectual Property Rights sold 3,43,96,000 - Less: Decrease in income tax provision (60,29,91,999) (39,46,62,254) Increase in advance income taxes 69,33,01,439 35,30,16,131 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85,18,05,440 35,53,53,877 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 LOANS AND ADVANCES As per the balance sheet 430,27,93,623 210,12,77,161 Less: Deposits with financial institutions and body corporate, (192,67,52,157) (76,58,01,865) included in cash and cash equivalents Advance income taxes separately considered (123,73,97,792) (54,40,96,353) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 113,86,43,674 79,13,78,943 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 CURRENT LIABILITIES AND PROVISIONS As per the balance sheet 319,85,01,451 165,97,02,419 Less: Provisions separately considered in the cash flow Statement Income taxes (122,90,11,741) (62,60,19,742) Dividends (49,61,85,878) (19,84,18,210) Dividend tax (5,06,10,959) (2,18,26,003) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 142,26,92,873 81,34,38,464 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 PURCHASES OF FIXED ASSETS AND CHANGE IN CAPITAL WORK-IN-PROGRESS As per the balance sheet 349,66,44,427 117,79,35,912 Add (less): Change in work-in-progress 113,69,00,745 42,07,67,705 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 463,35,45,172 159,87,03,617 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS IN SECURITIES As per the balance sheet 34,11,54,821 13,83,48,469 Add: Provisions on investments 22,34,94,282 7,05,95,674 Less: Non-cash investment (see note 7.2 below) (8,93,40,000) - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47,53,09,103 20,89,44,143 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE YEAR As per the balance sheet 385,06,10,285 431,79,35,730 Add: Deposits with financial institutions and body corporate, 192,67,52,157 76,58,01,865 included herein ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 577,73,62,442 508,37,37,595 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 NOTES ON THE CASH FLOW STATEMENT 7.1 Cash flows have been reported using the indirect method, whereby the net profit is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments, segregating between cash flows from regular revenue generating, financing and investing activities of the company. Cash flows in foreign currencies are accounted at average monthly exchange rates that approximate the actual rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. 7.2 During the year ended March 31, 2001, the company transferred intellectual property rights in Onscan - a web-based wireless enabled notification product, to OnMobile Systems Inc. (formerly Onscan Inc.), USA, a company incubated by Infosys. The product was transferred for a gross consideration of Rs. 8,93,40,000 (approximately US$ 2,000,000) received as equity, preferred and non-voting securities in OnMobile Systems Inc., and accordingly, is not considered in this statement of cash flows.
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Balance sheet abstract and company's general business profile [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Registration details Registration no. 13115 State code 08 Balance sheet date March 31, 2001 in Rs. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Capital raised during the year Public issue - Rights issue - Bonus issue - Private placement - Preferential offer of shares under Employee Stock Option Plan * 37,085 Position of mobilization and deployment of funds Total liabilities 1389,63,91,988 Total assets 1389,63,91,988 Sources of funds Paid-up capital 33,07,92,085 Reserves and surplus 1356,55,99,903 Secured loans - Unsecured loans - Application of funds Net fixed assets 557,66,32,293 Investments 34,11,54,821 Net current assets 797,86,04,874 Miscellaneous expenditure - Accumulated losses - Performance of the company Turnover 1959,93,73,722 Total Expenditure 1263,90,81,381 Profit / loss before tax 696,02,92,341 Extraordinary Income 5,49,44,000 Profit / loss after tax 628,81,36,341 Earnings per share from ordinary activities 94.23 Earnings per share including extraordinary income 95.06 Dividend rate (%) 200 Generic names of principal products / services of the company Item code no. (ITC code) 85249009.10 Product description Computer software * Issue of shares arising on the exercise of options granted to employees under the company's - 1998 ADS Plan 6,217 1999 Plan 1,200 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] N. R. Narayana Murthy Nandan M. Nilekani Deepak M. Satwalekar Marti G. Subrahmanyam Chairman and Managing Director, Director Director Chief Executive President and Officer Chief Operating Officer Jitendra Vir Singh Omkar Goswami Larry Pressler Rama Bijapurkar Director Director Director Director S. Gopalakrishnan K. Dinesh S. D. Shibulal T. V. Mohandas Pai Deputy Managing Director Director Director and Director Chief Financial Officer
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[Download Table] Phaneesh Murthy Srinath Batni V. Balakrishnan Bangalore Director Director Company Secretary and April 11, 2001 Associate Vice President - Finance
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Financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2001 prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. - Aristotle (384 B.C. - 322 B.C.)
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Summary of consolidated financial data [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Five-year data in thousands, except per share data ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Audited) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Statements of income data: Revenues $ 413,851 $ 203,444 $ 120,955 $ 68,330 $ 39,586 Cost of revenues 213,614 111,081 65,331 40,157 22,615 Gross profit 200,237 92,363 55,624 28,173 16,971 Operating expenses: Selling and marketing expenses 20,683 9,644 4,944 3,370 1,976 General and administrative expenses 36,958 17,102 11,255 9,855 5,034 Amortization of deferred stock compensation expense 5,081 5,118 3,646 1,520 768 Compensation arising from stock split - - 12,906 1,047 - Total operating expenses 62,722 31,864 32,751 15,792 7,778 Operating income 137,515 60,499 22,873 12,381 9,193 Equity in loss of deconsolidated subsidiary - - (2,086) - - Other income, net 9,505 9,039 1,537 801 769 Income before income taxes 147,020 69,538 22,324 13,182 9,962 Provision for income taxes 15,072 8,193 4,878 770 1,320 Subsidiary preferred stock dividends - - - 68 - Net income $ 131,948 $ 61,345 $ 17,446 $ 12,344 $ 8,642 Earnings per equity share: Basic $ 2.01 $ 0.93 $ 0.28 $ 0.21 $ 0.15 Diluted $ 1.98 $ 0.93 $ 0.28 $ 0.20 $ 0.15 Weighted equity shares used in computing earnings per equity share: Basic 65,771 65,660 61,379 59,574 58,073 Diluted 66,715 65,864 61,507 60,808 59,409 Cash dividend per equity share $ 0.14 $ 0.11 $ 0.09 $ 0.04 $ 0.02 Balance sheet data: Cash and cash equivalents $ 124,084 $ 116,599 $ 98,875 $ 15,419 $ 8,320 Total assets 342,348 219,283 153,658 48,782 32,923 Total long-term debt - - - - - Total stockholders' equity $ 311,792 $198,137 $ 139,610 $ 41,146 $ 30,640 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. The information presented above reflects the company's 2-for-1 stock split by means of a stock dividend in fiscal 1998 and 1999 and a 2-for-1 stock split in fiscal 2000. 2. The financial statements of Yantra Corporation, an erstwhile subsidiary, were consolidated with the financial statements of the company up to October 20, 1998 and are accounted for by the equity method in fiscal 1999. 3. The earnings per share calculations for fiscal years 2001, 2000 and 1999, includes 2,070,000 equity shares (representing 4,140,000 ADSs) issued during March 1999, in conjunction with the company's IPO in the U.S. 4. The dividends are declared in Indian rupees. Amounts presented are translated into U.S. dollars and are indicative. Dividends are paid from the date of holding of shares.
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Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Investors are cautioned that this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. When used in this discussion, the words "anticipate", "believe", "estimate", "intend", "will" and "expect" and other similar expressions as they relate to the company or its business are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Actual results, performances or achievements could differ materially from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those described under the heading "Risk Factors" in the prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as the factors discussed in the Form 20-F, included in this report. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements that speak only as of their dates. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the company's financial statements included herein and the notes thereto. 1. Overview Infosys, an India-based IT consulting and services company formed in 1981, provides end-to-end consulting for global corporations. The company has partnered with several Fortune 500 and emerging companies in building their next generation information infrastructure for competitive advantage. Infosys' portfolio of services includes e-strategy consulting and solutions, maintenance and re-engineering services, large application development and enterprise integration services. Infosys also has product co-development initiatives with numerous communication and Internet infrastructure companies that are creating the building blocks of the digital economy. In addition, the company develops and markets certain software products. The company utilizes an extensive offshore infrastructure including dedicated offshore software development centers ("OSDCs") to provide managed software solutions to clients worldwide. From fiscal 1997 through fiscal 2001, total revenue increased from $ 39.6 million to $ 413.8 million, the number of the company's software professionals worldwide increased from approximately 1,410 to approximately 8,660, and the number of its India-based software development centers increased from six to sixteen. The company also operationalized proximity development centers in Croydon in the UK and in Chicago, New Jersey and Phoenix in the U.S. in fiscal 2001, and one global development center in Toronto, Canada and two proximity development centers in Fremont and Boston in the U.S. in fiscal 2000. The company's revenues are generated principally from software services provided either on a fixed-price, fixed-time frame or a time-and-materials basis. Revenues from services provided on a time-and-materials basis are recognized in the month that services are provided and related costs are incurred. Revenues from services provided on a fixed-price, fixed-time frame basis are recognized upon the achievement of specified milestones identified in the related contracts, in accordance with the percentage of completion method. Cost of completion estimates are subject to periodic revisions. Although the company has revised its project completion estimates from time to time, such revisions have not, to date, had a material adverse effect on the company's operating results or financial condition. Since the company bears the risk of cost overruns and inflation with respect to its fixed-price, fixed-time frame projects, the company's operating results could be adversely affected by inaccurate estimates of contract completion costs and dates, including wage inflation rates and currency exchange rates that may affect cost projections. The company also develops and markets certain software products, including banking software that is licensed primarily to clients in Asia and Africa. Such software products represented 2.5% of total revenues in fiscal 2001. The company derived 73.5% of its total revenues from North America, 18.8% from Europe, 1.4% from India and 6.3% from the rest of the world in fiscal 2001. In fiscal 2001 and fiscal 2000, the company derived 28.4% and 13.6% of its total revenues, respectively, from Internet and e-commerce projects. Due to shorter time-to-market considerations, e-commerce projects necessitate higher interaction with clients. This results in a higher proportion of services being performed at client sites. Services performed at a client site typically generate higher per-capita revenues, but lower gross margins, than the same quantum of services performed at the company's own facilities in India. Consequently, any increase in work at client sites can decrease the gross margins of the company. Cost of revenues primarily consists of salary and other compensation expenses, depreciation, data communications expenses, computer maintenance, cost of software purchased for internal use, certain pre-operating expenses for new software development centers, and foreign travel expenses. The company depreciates personal computers and servers over two years and mainframe computers over three years. Third party software is expensed in the period in which it is acquired. The company assumes full project management responsibility for each project that it undertakes. Approximately 66.0% of the work on a project is performed at the company's facilities in India, and the balance of the work is performed at the client site. The proportion of work performed at the company facilities and at client sites varies from quarter to quarter. The company charges higher rates and incurs higher compensation expenses for work performed at the client site. Services performed at a client site typically generate higher revenues per-capita, but at lower gross margins, than the same quantum of services performed at the company's facilities in India. As a result, total revenues, cost of revenues and
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gross profit in absolute terms and, as a percentage of revenues, fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on the proportion of work performed offshore at company facilities and at client sites. Revenues and gross profits are also affected by employee utilization rates. Utilization rates depend, among other factors, on the number of employees enrolled for in-house training programs, particularly the 14 week classroom training courses provided to new employees. Since a large percentage of new hires begin their training in the second quarter, utilization rates have historically been lower in the second and third quarters of a fiscal year. Selling and marketing expenses primarily consist of expenses relating to advertisements, brand building, rentals of sales and marketing offices, salaries of marketing personnel, and traveling and conveyance. General and administrative expenses comprise expenses relating to communications, finance and administration, legal and professional charges, management, rent, salary and other compensation, travel, and miscellaneous administrative costs. Other income includes interest income, income from the sale of special import licenses and foreign currency exchange gains. Under the then export-import policy of the Government of India, exports by Indian companies generate credits for the exporter called "special import licenses". These credits can be sold or used for the import of goods included on a "restricted list" maintained by the Government of India. The company's general policy is to sell such special import licenses in the period in which it receives such credits. However, the new export-import policy announced by the Government of India in fiscal 2001 has abolished the scheme providing for benefit in the form of special import licenses to all exporters and accordingly all exports made on or after April 1, 2000 will not get the benefits. The company also intends to substantially expand its software development infrastructure in India. The company had committed $ 34.0 million towards various capital expenditure as on March 31, 2001. The company intends to spend approximately $ 80.0 million on various capital expenditures during fiscal 2002 and intends to use its internal accruals to fund this expansion. 2. Results of operations 2.1 Fiscal year ended March 31, 2001 compared to fiscal year ended March 31, 2000 Revenues. Total revenues were $ 413.8 million for fiscal 2001, representing an increase of $ 210.4 million or 103.4% over total revenues of $ 203.4 million for fiscal 2000. This increase is attributable to an increase in volumes of business transacted of $ 126.1 million or 62.0%, and an increase in prices at which contracts were executed in the amount of $ 84.3 million or 41.4%. Revenues continued to increase in all segments of the company's services. Custom software development, re-engineering, maintenance and software development through OSDCs formed the majority of the company's revenues. The increase in revenues was attributable, in part, to a substantial increase in business from certain existing clients and from certain new clients, particularly in the telecom and insurance, banking and financial services industries. Revenues from telecom clients comprised 18.4% of revenues in fiscal 2001 as compared to 15.4% of revenues in fiscal 2000. Revenues from insurance, banking and financial services clients comprised 33.7% and 30.1% of revenues in fiscal 2001 and 2000, respectively. Revenue growth was also attributable to an increase in e- commerce related revenues, which represented 28.4% of total revenues for fiscal 2001 as compared to 13.6% of total revenues in fiscal 2000. Net sales of FINACLE(TM) and other products represented 2.5% of total revenues for fiscal 2001 as compared to 2.6% for fiscal 2000. Revenues from services represented 97.5% of total revenues for fiscal 2001 as compared to 97.4% for fiscal 2000. Revenues from fixed-price, fixed-time frame contracts and from time-and-materials contracts represented 28.2% and 71.8%, respectively, of total revenues for fiscal 2001 as compared to 31.5% and 68.5%, respectively, for fiscal 2000. Revenues from North America and Europe represented 73.5% and 18.8%, respectively, of total revenues for fiscal 2001, as compared to 78.0% and 14.8%, respectively, for fiscal 2000. Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues was $ 213.6 million for fiscal 2001, representing an increase of 92.2% over the cost of revenues of $ 111.1 million for fiscal 2000. The cost of revenues represented 51.6% and 54.6% of total revenues for fiscal 2001 and 2000, respectively. This decrease in costs as a percentage of total revenues was attributable to a favorable business mix and a decrease in depreciation and software expenses, which represented 7.6% and 7.9% of total revenues in fiscal 2001 and fiscal 2000, respectively, as well as a decrease in overseas short-term allowances which represented 26.0% and 26.4% of revenues in fiscal 2001 and 2000, respectively. Gross profit. As a result of the foregoing, the gross profit was $ 200.2 million for fiscal 2001, representing an increase of 116.7% over the gross profit of $ 92.4 million for fiscal 2000. As a percentage of total revenues, the gross profit increased to 48.4% for fiscal 2001 from 45.4% for fiscal 2000. This increase was attributable to a favorable business mix and a decrease in depreciation and software expenses as a percentage of total revenue due to improved infrastructure utilization and a decrease in overseas short-term allowances. Sales and marketing expenses. Sales and marketing expenses were $ 20.7 million for fiscal 2001, an increase of 115.6% over sales and marketing expenses of $ 9.6 million for fiscal 2000. As a percentage of total revenues, the sales and marketing expenses increased to 5.0% for fiscal 2001 from 4.7% for fiscal 2000. The number of sales offices increased to 25 as on March 31, 2001 from 20 as on March 31, 2000. The increase in sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenues was due to additional sales offices opened during the year and also due to an increase in the number of marketing personnel, which increased to 105 in fiscal 2001 from 62 in fiscal 2000. General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses were $ 36.9 million for fiscal 2001, an increase of 115.8% over general and
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administrative expenses of $ 17.1 million for fiscal 2000. General and administrative expenses were 8.9% and 8.4% of total revenues for fiscal 2001 and 2000, respectively. This marginal increase in general and administrative expense as a percentage of revenues was a result of increases in management, finance, administrative, and occupancy costs in fiscal 2001, due to an increase in the scale of operations. Amortization of deferred stock compensation expense. Amortization of deferred stock compensation expense was $ 5.1 million in both fiscal 2001 and 2000, respectively. Operating income. The operating income was $ 137.5 million for fiscal 2001, an increase of 127.3% over the operating income of $ 60.5 million for fiscal 2000. As a percentage of revenues, operating income increased to 33.2% for fiscal 2001 from 29.7% for fiscal 2000. Excluding the amortization of deferred stock compensation expense, the operating margin was 34.5% for fiscal 2001 as compared to 32.3% for fiscal 2000. Other income. Other income was $ 9.5 million for fiscal 2001 as compared to $ 9.0 million for fiscal 2000. This increase in other income was due to an increase in interest income in the amount of $ 2.8 million resulting from the investment of a larger cash balance and $ 1.5 million due to increase in exchange differences on translation of foreign currency deposits. This increase is offset by a decrease in other income due to provision for investments aggregating $ 3.5 million in EC Cubed Inc. and Alpha Thinx Mobile Services AG, two companies in which the company has made strategic investments, and a decrease in income from sale of special import licences in the amount of $ 0.4 million. Provision for income taxes. Provision for income taxes was $ 15.1 million for fiscal 2001 as compared to $ 8.2 million for fiscal 2000. The company's effective tax rate decreased to 10.3% for fiscal 2001 as compared to 11.8% for fiscal 2000. The reduction in the effective tax rate in fiscal 2001 is due to a decrease in the Indian tax liability resulting from a higher proportion of the company's operations qualifying for Indian tax exemptions applicable to designated Software Technology Parks. Net income. The net income was $ 131.9 million for fiscal 2001, an increase of 115.2% over the net income of $ 61.3 million for fiscal 2000. As a percentage of total revenues, the net income increased to 31.9% for fiscal 2001 from 30.1% for fiscal 2000. 2.2 Fiscal year ended March 31, 2000 compared to fiscal year ended March 31, 1999 Revenues. Total revenues were $ 203.4 million for fiscal 2000, representing an increase of $ 82.4 million or 68.2% over total revenues of $ 121.0 million for fiscal 1999. This increase is attributable to an increase in volumes of business transacted of $ 60.0 million or 49.6%, and an increase in prices at which contracts were executed in the amount of $ 22.4 million or 18.6%. Revenues continued to increase in all segments of the company's services. Custom software development, re-engineering, maintenance and software development through OSDCs formed a majority of the company's revenues. The increase in revenues was attributable, in part, to a substantial increase in business from certain existing clients and from certain new clients, particularly in the telecom and insurance, banking and financial services industries. Revenues from telecom clients comprised 15.4% of revenues in fiscal 2000 as compared to 14.2% of revenues in fiscal 1999. Revenues from insurance, banking and financial services clients comprised 30.1% and 23.3% of revenues in fiscal 2000 and 1999, respectively. Revenue growth was also attributable to an increase in e- commerce related revenues which represented 13.6% of total revenues for fiscal 2000 as compared to 3.7% of total revenues in fiscal 1999. Net sales of FINACLE(TM) and other products represented 2.6% of total revenues for fiscal 2000 as compared to 3.2% for fiscal 1999. Revenues from services represented 97.4% of total revenues for fiscal 2000 as compared to 96.8% for fiscal 1999. Revenues from fixed-price, fixed-time frame contracts and from time-and-materials contracts represented 31.5% and 68.5%, respectively, of total revenues for fiscal 2000 as compared to 36.7% and 63.3%, respectively, for fiscal 1999. Revenues from North America and Europe represented 78.0% and 14.8%, respectively, of total revenues for fiscal 2000 as compared to 82.0% and 9.3% respectively, for fiscal 1999. Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues was $ 111.1 million for fiscal 2000, representing an increase of 70.0% over the cost of revenues of $ 65.3 million for fiscal 1999. The cost of revenues represented 54.6% and 54.0% of total revenues for fiscal 2000 and 1999, respectively. This marginal increase in costs as a percentage of total revenues was attributable to an increase in provision for a defined benefit plan for employees. The increase was partially offset by a favorable business mix and a decrease in depreciation and software expenses, which represented 7.9% and 10.0% of total revenues in fiscal 2000 and 1999, respectively. Gross profit. As a result of the foregoing, the gross profit was $ 92.4 million for fiscal 2000, representing an increase of 66.1% over the gross profit of $ 55.6 million for fiscal 1999. As a percentage of total revenues, the gross profit decreased to 45.4% for fiscal 2000 from 46.0% for fiscal 1999. This decrease was attributable to higher provision for a defined benefit plan for employees, which was partially offset by a favorable business mix and a decrease in depreciation and software expenses as a percentage of total revenue due to improved infrastructure utilization. Sales and marketing expenses. Sales and marketing expenses were $ 9.6 million for fiscal 2000, an increase of 95.1% over sales and marketing expenses of $ 4.9 million for fiscal 1999. As a percentage of total revenues, the sales and marketing expenses increased to 4.7% for fiscal 2000 from 4.1% for fiscal 1999. The number of sales offices increased to 20 as on March 31, 2000 from 16 as on March 31, 1999. The increase in sales and marketing expense as a percentage of revenues was due to additional sales offices opened during the year and also an increase in the number of marketing personnel which increased to 62 in fiscal 2000 from 39 in fiscal 1999
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General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses were $ 17.1 million for fiscal 2000, an increase of 51.9% over general and administrative expenses of $ 11.3 million for fiscal 1999. General and administrative expenses were 8.4% and 9.3% of total revenue for fiscal 2000 and 1999, respectively. This decrease in general and administrative expense as a percentage of revenues was a result of the company's ability to increase revenues in fiscal 2000 without a corresponding increase in management, finance, administrative and occupancy costs. Amortization of deferred stock compensation expense. Amortization of deferred stock compensation expense was $ 5.1 million for fiscal 2000, a decrease of 69.1% over amortization of deferred stock compensation expense of $ 16.6 million for fiscal 1999. Compensation expense increased marginally for new grants of stock purchase rights in part because of the rising market price of the equity shares. In fiscal 1999, the company recognized an accelerated charge of $ 12.9 million as part of the company's 1998 stock dividend. The equity shares issued to Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) participants in connection with the stock dividend were not subject to vesting and as a result, one-half of the deferred compensation expense that would have been amortized over the remaining vesting periods for the equity shares issued under the ESOP was accelerated and charged to expense in fourth quarter of fiscal 1999. Operating income. The operating income was $ 60.5 million for fiscal 2000, an increase of 164.5% over the operating income of $ 22.9 million for fiscal 1999. As a percentage of revenues, operating income increased to 29.7% for fiscal 2000 from 18.9% for fiscal 1999. Excluding the amortization of deferred stock compensation expense, the operating margin was 32.3% for fiscal 2000 as compared to 32.6% for fiscal 1999. Other income. Other income was $ 9.0 million for fiscal 2000 as compared to $ 1.5 million for fiscal 1999. This increase in other income was due to an increase in interest income resulting from the investment of a larger cash balance, partly arising out of proceeds of the ADS issue during March 1999. The increase in other income during fiscal 2000 also included $ 0.4 million arising out of income from sale of special import licenses and $ 2.9 million due to exchange differences on translation of foreign currency deposits which were Nil during fiscal 1999. Provision for income taxes. Provision for income taxes was $ 8.2 million for fiscal 2000 as compared to $ 4.9 million for fiscal 1999. The company's effective tax rate decreased to 11.8% for fiscal 2000 as compared to 21.8% for fiscal 1999. The effective tax rate after adjusting for a one-time accelerated compensation charge arising out of the company's 1998 stock dividend, which reduced the pre-tax income substantially in fiscal 1999, is 13.8%. The reduction in the effective tax rate in fiscal 2000 is due to a decrease in the Indian tax liability resulting from a higher proportion of the company's operations qualifying for Indian tax exemptions applicable to designated Software Technology Parks. Net income. The net income was $ 61.3 million for fiscal 2000, an increase of 251.6% over the net income of $ 17.4 million for fiscal 1999. As a percentage of total revenues, the net income increased to 30.1% for fiscal 2000 from 14.4% for fiscal 1999. The net income for fiscal 2000 of $ 61.3 million is 102.1% more than $ 30.4 million in fiscal 1999, after adjusting for a one-time accelerated compensation charge of $ 12.9 million, arising out of company's 1998 stock dividend which reduced the net income substantially in fiscal 1999. 2.3 Liquidity and capital resources The growth of the company has been financed largely from cash generated from operations and, to a lesser extent, from the proceeds of equity issues and borrowings. In 1993, the company raised approximately $ 4.4 million in gross aggregate proceeds from its initial public offering of equity shares on Indian stock exchanges. In 1994, the company raised an additional $ 7.7 million through private placements of its equity shares with foreign institutional investors, mutual funds, Indian domestic financial institutions and corporations. As on March 31, 2001, the company had $ 124.1 million in cash and cash equivalents, $ 176.2 million in working capital and no outstanding bank borrowings. The company's treasury policy calls for investing only in highly rated banks, financial institutions and companies for short maturities with a limit for individual entities. The company retains the money both in rupee and foreign currency accounts. The bank balances in overseas accounts are maintained to meet the expenditure of the overseas branches in the U.S. and other countries, and to meet project-related expenditure overseas. Net cash provided by operating activities was $ 137.5 million, $ 71.4 million and $ 40.1 million in fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. Net cash provided by operations consisted primarily of net income offset, in part, by an increase in accounts receivable. Accounts receivable as a percentage of total revenue, represented 15.7%, 15.4% and 16.6% for fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. The company's policy on accounts receivable includes a periodic review of all such outstanding. The company reviews the age, amount, and quality of each account receivable; the relationship with, size of, and history of the client; and the quality of service delivered by the company for the client to determine the classification of an account receivable. Should the review so demand, the company classifies accounts receivable into secured and unsecured accounts, further sub-classified between good and doubtful accounts. The company makes provisions for all accounts receivable classified as doubtful and for all accounts receivable that are outstanding for more than 180 days. Prepaid expenses and other current assets increased by $ 2.2 million, $ 2.4 million and $ 2.0 million during fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. The increase in fiscal 2001 was primarily due to an increase in rental deposits for the new software development centers, prepaid expenses and costs in excess of billings. Costs in excess of billings represent costs incurred on fixed-price contracts in respect of which milestones are yet to be achieved. The increase in fiscal 2000 and 1999 was primarily due to an increase in rental deposits for the new software development centers and prepaid expenses. Income taxes payable decreased by $ 2.0 million in fiscal 2001 primarily due to higher advance tax payments made during the year.
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Unearned revenue as of March 31, 2001 and 2000 consists primarily of advance client billings on fixed-price, fixed-time frame contracts for which related costs were not yet incurred. The proportion of fixed-price contracts under which the company was entitled to bill clients in advance increased as of March 31, 2001 over the previous year. Net cash used in investing activities was $ 106.7 million, $ 45.7 million and $ 17.0 million in fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2001 consisted primarily of $ 96.8 million for property, plant and equipment, loans to employees of $ 4.1 million and purchase of investments amounting to $ 5.9 million. Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2000 consisted primarily of $ 35.9 million for property, plant and equipment, loans to employees of $ 6.8 million and purchase of investments amounting to $ 3.0 million. Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 1999 primarily consisted of $ 16.1 million for property, plant and equipment and loans to employees of $ 2.2 million, offset by proceeds from the sale of investment in Yantra amounting to $ 1.5 million.
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Publicly-traded Indian companies customarily pay dividends. For fiscal 2001, the company declared and paid a dividend of $ 5.0 million. The board of directors also declared a dividend of $ 10.6 million at their meeting held on April 11, 2001, which is subject to the approval of the stockholders in the annual general meeting. For fiscal 2000, the company declared a dividend of $ 7.1 million, which was paid partly in fiscal 2000 and partly in fiscal 2001. For fiscal 1999, the company declared a dividend of $ 3.2 million, which was paid partly in fiscal 1999 and partly in fiscal 2000. As on March 31, 2001, the company had contractual commitments for capital expenditure of $ 34.0 million. The company intends to spend approximately $ 80.0 million on various capital expenditure during fiscal 2002 and the same would be met out of the internal accruals of the company. In the opinion of the company, the working capital is sufficient for the company's present requirements. 2.4 Foreign currency market risk Market risks relating to the company's operations result primarily from changes in interest rates and changes in foreign exchange rates. The company's functional currency is the Indian rupee; however, it transacts a major portion of its business in foreign currencies and accordingly has foreign currency exposure through its sales in the United States and purchases from overseas suppliers in U.S. dollars. In its U.S. operations, the company does not actively hedge against exchange rate fluctuations, although it may elect to do so in the future. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on the company's net sales, cost of services sold, gross margin and net income, any of which alone or in the aggregate may in turn have a material adverse effect on the company's business, operating results and financial condition. The exchange rate between the rupee and the U.S. dollar has changed substantially in recent years and may fluctuate substantially in the future. During the four-year period from March 31, 1997 through March 31, 2001, the value of the rupee against the U.S. dollar declined by approximately 29.8%. For fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, the company's U.S. dollar-denominated revenues represented 89.6%, 88.3% and 88.1%, respectively, of total revenues. The company expects that a majority of its revenues will continue to be generated in U.S. dollars for the foreseeable future and that a significant portion of the company's expenses, including personnel costs as well as capital and operating expenditures, will continue to be denominated in rupees. Consequently, the company's results of operations will be adversely affected to the extent the rupee appreciates against the U.S. dollar. The company has sought to reduce the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on operating results by purchasing foreign exchange forward contracts to cover a portion of outstanding accounts receivable on a need basis. As of March 31, 2001, the company had outstanding forward contracts in the amount of $ 20 million. These contracts typically mature within three months, must be settled on the day of maturity and may be canceled subject to the payment of any gains or losses in the difference between the contract exchange rate and the market exchange rate on the date of cancellation. The company uses these instruments only as a hedging mechanism and not for speculative purposes. There can be no assurance that the company will purchase contracts adequate to insulate itself from foreign exchange currency risks or that any such contracts will perform adequately as a hedging mechanism. Devaluation of the rupee will result in foreign currency translation losses. For example, for fiscal 2001 and 2000, the company's foreign currency translation losses were approximately $ 14.5 million and $ 5.0 million, respectively. 2.5 Reconciliation between Indian and U.S. GAAP There are material differences between the financial statements prepared as per Indian and U.S. GAAP. The material differences arise due to provision for deferred taxes, accounting for stock-based compensation, non-recognition of unrealized gains on transfers of intellectual property rights and consolidation of accounts of subsidiary, as required by U.S. GAAP. Indian GAAP does not require provision for deferred taxes, amortization of deferred stock compensation and consolidation of accounts of subsidiaries, and permits the recognition of unrealized gains on transfers of intellectual property rights in the financial statements. Reconciliation of net income [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net profit as per Indian GAAP $ 136,837,807 $ 67,775,087 $ 32,207,070 Adjustments: Deferred tax 769,303 850,891 625,427 Net income of subsidiary included on consolidation - - (2,085,887) Provision for retirement benefits to employees 741,000 (741,000) - Employee stock-based compensation plan charge under APB Opinion no. 25 (5,081,795) (5,117,635) (3,645,576) Compensation arising from stock split - - (12,906,962) Provision for loss - Yantra Corporation - - 1,675,060 Provision for contingency / e-inventing the company (net) (87,387) (1,422,815) 1,576,956 Transfer of intellectual property rights (net of tax) (1,230,824) - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net income as per U.S. GAAP $ 131,948,104 $ 61,344,528 $ 17,446,088 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2.6 Investment in Yantra Corporation Prior to October 20, 1998, the company owned a majority of the voting stock of Yantra. Consequently, all of Yantra's operating losses through October 20, 1998 were recognized in the company's consolidated financial statements. For fiscal 1998 and fiscal 1999, Yantra's losses recognized in the company's financial statements were $ 1.6 million and $ 2.0 million, respectively. On October 20, 1998, the company sold a portion of Yantra's shares held by it, thereby reducing its interest to less than one-half of the voting stock of Yantra. The company continues to own all of the outstanding common stock of Yantra, but has no financial obligations or commitments to Yantra and does not intend to provide Yantra with financial support. Accordingly, Yantra's results after October 20, 1998 were not recognized in the company's financial statements under U.S. GAAP. Yantra's revenues were $ 1.3 million and $ 2.0 million for fiscal 1998 and for the period ended October 20, 1998, respectively, while gross profits were $ 574,000 and $ 546,000, respectively, for these same periods. Yantra's revenues were 1.9% and 2.3% of the company's revenues for fiscal 1998 and for the period ended October 20, 1998, respectively. Its gross profits were 2.0% and 1.4% of the company's gross profits for these same periods. Yantra currently provides e-commerce operations solutions through PureEcommerce, a scalable web-based solution that facilitates real-time transaction management across the extraprise. On June 14, 1999, Yantra sold Series C Convertible Preferred Stock in the amount of $ 15 million to unrelated existing and new investors, further reducing the company's voting control to approximately 25%. In fiscal 2001, Yantra sold Series D Convertible Preferred Stock in the amount of $ 49 million to unrelated existing and new investors further reducing the company's voting control to approximately 16% on a fully diluted basis. 2.7 Principles of currency translation In fiscal 2001, over 96.6% of the company's revenues were generated in U.S. dollars and European currencies. A majority of the company's expenses were incurred in rupees, and the balance was incurred in U.S. dollars and European currencies. The functional currency of the company is the Indian rupee. Revenues generated in foreign currencies are translated into Indian rupees using the exchange rate prevailing on the dates revenues are recognized. Expenses of overseas operations incurred in foreign currencies are translated into Indian rupees at either the monthly average exchange rate or the exchange rate on the date the expense is incurred, depending on the source of payment. Assets and liabilities of foreign branches held in foreign currency are translated into Indian rupees at the end of the applicable reporting period. For U.S. GAAP reporting, the financial statements are translated into U.S. dollars using the average monthly exchange rate for revenues and expenses and the period end rate for assets and liabilities. The gains or losses from such translation are reported as "Other comprehensive income", a separate component of stockholders' equity. The company expects that a majority of its revenues will continue to be generated in U.S. dollars for the foreseeable future and that a significant portion of the company's expenses, including personnel costs as well as capital and operating expenditures, will continue to be denominated in rupees. Consequently, the company's results of operations will be adversely affected to the extent that the rupee appreciates against the U.S. dollar. 2.8 Income tax matters The company benefits from certain significant tax incentives provided to software firms under Indian tax laws. These incentives presently include: (i) an exemption from payment of Indian corporate income taxes for a period of ten consecutive years of operation of software development facilities designated as "Software Technology Parks" (the "STP Tax Holiday"); and (ii) a tax deduction for profits derived from exporting computer software (the "Export Deduction"). All but one of the company's software development facilities are located in a designated Software Technology Park. The Government of India has recently amended the tax incentives available to companies set up in designated STPs. The period of the STP Tax Holiday available to such companies is restricted to 10 consecutive years beginning from the financial year when the unit started producing computer software or March 31, 2000, whichever is earlier. Also, the incentive available under the later scheme would be phased out equally over a period of five years starting from fiscal 2000. The benefits of these tax incentive programs have historically resulted in an effective tax rate for the company well below statutory rates. There is no assurance that the Government of India will continue to provide these incentives. The company pays corporate income tax in foreign countries on income derived from operations in those countries. 2.9 Effects of inflation The company's most significant costs are the salaries and related benefits for its employees. Competition in India and the United States for IT professionals with the advanced technological skills necessary to perform the services offered by the company have caused wages to increase at a rate greater than the general rate of inflation. As with other IT service providers, the company must adequately anticipate wage increases and other cost increases, particularly on its long-term contracts. Historically, the company's wage costs in India have been significantly lower than prevailing wage costs in the United States for comparably-skilled employees, although wage costs in India are presently increasing at a faster rate than in the United States. There can be no assurance that the company will be able to recover cost increases through increases in the prices that it charges for its services in the United States. 2.10 Accounting pronouncements Effective April 1, 2001, Infosys adopted SFAS 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities as amended, when the pronouncement became effective for companies with fiscal years ending March 31, 2001. SFAS 133 will change the accounting treatment of derivative contracts (including foreign exchange contracts) that are employed to manage risks. It establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. All derivatives, whether designated in hedging relationships or not, are required to be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting treatment of changes in fair value is dependent upon whether or not a derivative instrument is designated as a hedge and if so, the type of hedge. If the derivative is designated as a fair value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the derivative and of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings. If the derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portions of changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded in other comprehensive income and are recognized in the income statement when the hedged item affects earnings. Ineffective portions of changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are recognized in earnings. The company observes that the net amount reflected in current earnings under the new rules will be substantially similar to the amounts under existing accounting practice.
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3. Risk factors 3.1 Management of growth The company has experienced significant growth in recent periods. The company's revenues in fiscal 2001 grew 103.4% over fiscal 2000. As of March 31, 2001, the company employed approximately 8,660 software professionals worldwide with 16 software development facilities in India, six proximity development centers in the UK and USA and one global development center in Canada, as compared to approximately 4,625 with 17 software development facilities in India, two proximity development centers in USA and one global development center in Canada as of March 31, 2000 and 3,160 with 11 software development facilities in India as of March 31, 1999. In fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, the company approved major expansions to its existing facilities and the building of new facilities. The company's growth is expected to place significant demands on its management and other resources and will require it to continue to develop and improve its operational, financial and other internal controls, both in India and elsewhere. In particular, continued growth increases the challenges involved in: recruiting and retaining sufficient skilled technical, marketing and management personnel; providing adequate training and supervision to maintain the company's high quality standards; and preserving the company's culture and values and its entrepreneurial environment. The company's inability to manage its growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on the quality of the company's services and projects, its ability to attract clients as well as skilled personnel, its business prospects, and its results of operations and financial condition. 3.2 Potential fluctuations in future operating results Historically, the company's operating results have fluctuated, and may continue to fluctuate in future, depending on a number of factors, including: the size, timing and profitability of significant projects; the proportion of services that are performed at client sites rather than at the company's offshore facilities; the accuracy of estimates of resources and time required to complete ongoing projects, particularly projects performed under fixed-price, fixed-time frame contracts; a change in the mix of services provided to its clients or in the relative proportion of services and product revenues; the timing of tax holidays and other Government of India incentives; the effect of seasonal hiring patterns and the time required to train and productively utilize new employees; the size and timing of facilities expansion; unanticipated increases in wage rates; the company's success in expanding its sales and marketing programs; currency exchange rate fluctuations and other general economic factors. A high percentage of the company's operating expenses, particularly personnel and facilities, are fixed in advance of any particular quarter. As a result, unanticipated variations in the number and timing of the company's projects or in employee utilization rates may cause significant variations in operating results in any particular quarter. The company believes that period-to-period comparisons of its results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as indications of future performance. Due to all of the foregoing factors, it is possible that in some future quarter the company's operating results may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors. In such event, the market price of the equity shares and ADSs are likely to be materially adversely affected. 3.3 Impact of a slowdown in IT spending in the U.S. Historically, a significant portion of the company's revenues was derived from the U.S. For example, in fiscal 2001 and 2000, approximately 70.0% and 73.8% of the company's revenues were derived from the U.S. Currently there are indications of an economic slowdown in the U.S. The IT services market in the U.S. had earlier showed remarkable resilience in fashioning new solutions demanded by changing business and technology cycles. Going forward, the IT services sector in the U.S. may experience some realignment as a result of the macroeconomic forces. The continued growth of companies in this sector will depend upon their ability to adapt to the changes in the market and justify their customer's investments in new projects that will drive customer retention up and costs down. Consequently, the company's competitors may reduce contract prices to retain customers and / or to win new contracts. This may affect the company's ability to win new clients and retain existing clients as well as the company's ability to sustain its current pricing strategy. This may result in a lower revenue growth and may impact margins of the company. Due to all of the foregoing factors, it is possible that in some future quarter the company's operating results may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors. In such event, the market price of the equity shares and ADSs are likely to be materially adversely affected.
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3.4 Exposure to industry segments The company derives a significant proportion of its revenues from certain industry segments. For example, in fiscal 2001 the company derived 33.7% and 18.4% of its revenues from the insurance, banking and financial services, and telecom industry segments respectively, as compared to 30.1% and 15.4%, respectively in fiscal 2000. There are indications that the possible economic slowdown in the U.S. may impact the growth prospects of companies that operate in various industry segments, for example, the insurance, banking and financial services, and telecom industry segments. Consequently, these companies may cut their IT spending or postpone decisions regarding new expenditure with respect to IT spending. The company believes that a sustained cut in IT spending and the longer decision time that may be taken by these companies may affect the company's ability to win new clients and / or retain existing clients as well as the company's ability to sustain its current pricing strategy with existing clients, in these industry segments. This may result in a lower revenue growth and may impact margins of the company. Due to all of the foregoing factors, it is possible that in some future quarter the company's operating results may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors. In such event, the market price of the equity shares and ADSs are likely to be materially adversely affected. 3.5 Exposure to start-up and venture-funded companies The company works with start-up and venture-funded companies to gain access to niche technologies. The company derived 10.8% of its revenues from start-up and venture-funded companies in fiscal 2001. Consequent to the possible economic slowdown in the U.S., the ability of start-up and venture-funded companies to raise capital for their operations and expansion plans has become difficult. As a result, the ability of the company to grow its revenues from such companies may be adversely affected. Additionally, such companies may not be able to pay any amounts due against services rendered by the company. Due to the foregoing factors, it is possible that in some future quarter the company's operating results may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors. In such event, the market price of the equity shares and ADSs are likely to be materially adversely affected. 3.6 Risks related to investments in Indian securities The company is incorporated in India, and substantially all of its assets and a substantial majority of its employees are located in India. Consequently, the company's performance may be affected by changes in exchange rates and controls, interest rates, Government of India policies, including taxation policy, as well as political, social and economic developments affecting India. Political and economic environment. During the past decade and particularly since 1991, the Government of India has pursued policies of economic liberalization, including significant relaxations of restrictions on the private sector. Nevertheless, the role of the Indian central and state governments in the Indian economy as producers, consumers and regulators has remained significant. Additionally, since 1996, the Government of India has changed three times. The current Government of India, formed in October 1999, has announced policies and taken initiatives that support the continuation of the economic liberalization policies pursued by previous governments and has, in addition, set up a special IT task force to promote the IT industry. However, the speed of economic liberalization could change, and specific laws and policies affecting IT companies, foreign investment, currency exchange rates and other matters affecting investment in the company's securities could change as well. Further, there can be no assurance that the liberalization policies will continue in the future. A significant change in the Government of India's economic liberalization and deregulation policies could adversely affect business and economic conditions in India generally and the company's business in particular. South Asia has from time to time experienced instances of civil unrest and hostilities among neighboring countries. Events of this nature in the future could influence the Indian economy and could have a material adverse effect on the market for securities of Indian companies and on the business of the company. Government of India incentives and regulation. The company benefits from a variety of incentives given to software firms in India, such as relief from import duties on hardware, a tax exemption for income derived from software exports, and tax holidays and infrastructure support for companies, such as Infosys, operating in specially designated "Software Technology Parks". There can be no assurance that these incentives will continue in future. Further, there is a risk that changes in tax rates or laws affecting foreign investment, currency exchange rates or other regulations will render the Government of India's regulatory scheme less favorable to the company and could adversely affect the market price of the company's equity shares and its ADSs. Should the regulations and incentives promulgated by the Government of India become less favorable to the company, the company's results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. Restrictions on foreign investment. Foreign investment in Indian securities is regulated by the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999. In certain emerging markets, including India, Global Depositary Shares and ADSs may trade at a discount or premium, as the case may be, to the underlying shares, in part because of restrictions on foreign ownership of the underlying shares. In addition, under current Indian laws and regulations, the Depositary can accept deposits of outstanding equity shares and issue ADRs evidencing ADSs representing such equity shares provided the shares so accepted for conversion into ADSs shall not exceed the number of equity shares which were released by the Custodian pursuant to conversions of ADSs into equity shares under the Depositary Agreement. Therefore, a holder of ADSs who surrenders ADSs and withdraws equity shares is not permitted subsequently to deposit such equity shares and obtain ADSs if such ADSs obtained on conversion are in excess of the ADSs originally converted or surrendered. This limited ability to convert equity shares into ADSs increases the probability that the price of the ADSs will not trade on par with the price of the equity shares as quoted on the Indian stock exchanges. Holders who seek to sell in India any equity shares
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withdrawn from the depositary facility and to convert the rupee proceeds from such sale into foreign currency and repatriate such foreign currency from India will have to obtain Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") approval for each such transaction. Further, under current Indian regulations and practice, the approval of the RBI is required for the sale of equity shares underlying ADSs by a non-resident of India to a resident of India as well as for renunciation of rights to a resident of India. There can be no assurance that any such approval can be obtained. Exchange rate fluctuations. Market risks relating to the company's operations result primarily from changes in interest rates and changes in foreign exchange rates. The company's functional currency is the Indian rupee although it transacts a major portion of its business in foreign currencies and accordingly has foreign currency exposure through its sales in the United States and purchases from overseas suppliers in U.S. dollars. In its U.S. operations, the company does not actively hedge against exchange rate fluctuations, although it may elect to do so in the future. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on the company's net sales, cost of services sold, gross margin and net income, any of which alone or in the aggregate may in turn have a material adverse effect on the company's business, operating results and financial condition. The exchange rate between the rupee and the U.S. dollar has changed substantially in recent years and may fluctuate substantially in the future. During the four-year period from March 31, 1997 through March 31, 2001, the value of the rupee against the U.S. dollar declined by approximately 29.8%. For fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, the company's U.S. dollar-denominated revenues represented 89.5%, 88.3% and 88.1%, respectively, of total revenues. The company expects that a majority of its revenues will continue to be generated in U.S. dollars for the foreseeable future and that a significant portion of the company's expenses, including personnel costs as well as capital and operating expenditures, will continue to be denominated in rupees. Consequently, the company's results of operations will be adversely affected to the extent the rupee appreciates against the U.S. dollar. The company has sought to reduce the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on operating results by purchasing foreign exchange forward contracts to cover a portion of outstanding accounts receivable on a need basis. As of March 31, 2001, the company had outstanding forward contracts in the amount of $ 20 million. These contracts typically mature within three months, must be settled on the day of maturity and may be canceled subject to the payment of any gains or losses in the difference between the contract exchange rate and the market exchange rate on the date of cancellation. The company uses these instruments only as a hedging mechanism and not for speculative purposes. There can be no assurance that the company will purchase contracts adequate to insulate itself from foreign exchange currency risks or that any such contracts will perform adequately as a hedging mechanism. Devaluation of the rupee will result in foreign currency translation losses. For example, for fiscal 2001 and 2000, the company's foreign currency translation losses were approximately $ 14.5 million and $ 5.0 million, respectively. Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the rupee and the U.S. dollar also will affect the U.S. dollar conversion by the Depositary of any cash dividends paid in rupees on the equity shares represented by the ADSs. In addition, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Indian rupee and the U.S. dollar will affect the U.S. dollar equivalent of the Indian rupee price of equity shares on the Indian Stock Exchanges and, as a result, are likely to affect the market prices of the ADSs in the United States, and vice versa. Such fluctuations will also affect the dollar value of the proceeds a holder would receive upon the sale in India of any equity shares withdrawn from the Depositary under the Depositary Agreement. There can be no assurance that holders will be able to convert rupee proceeds into U.S. dollars or any other currency or with respect to the rate at which any such conversion could occur. 3.7 Substantial investment in new facilities As of March 31, 2001, the company had contractual commitments of $ 34.0 million for capital expenditure and has budgeted for significant infrastructural expansion in the near future. Since such an expansion will significantly increase the company's fixed costs, the company's results of operations will be materially adversely affected if the company is unable to grow its business proportionately. Although the company has successfully developed new facilities in the past, there can be no assurance that the company will not encounter cost overruns or project delays in connection with any or all of the new facilities. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that future financing for additional facilities, whether within India or elsewhere, would be available on attractive terms or at all. 3.8 Restrictions on U.S. immigration The company's professionals who work on-site at client facilities in the United States on temporary and extended assignments are typically required to obtain visas. As of March 31, 2001, substantially all of the company's personnel in the United States were working pursuant to H-1B visas (1,090 persons) or L-1 visas (292 persons). Although there is no limit to new L-1 petitions, there is a limit to the number of new H-1B petitions that the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service may approve in any government fiscal year. In years in which this limit is reached, the company may be unable to obtain the H-1B visas necessary to bring its critical Indian IT professionals to the United States on an extended basis. The H-1B limit had recently been increased to 195,000 for the next two years ending September 30, 2002. The limit is yet to be reached by the U.S. government for its fiscal year ending September 30, 2001. While the company anticipates that such limit may be reached prior to the end of the U.S. government's fiscal year and has made efforts to plan accordingly, there can be no assurance that the company will continue to be able to obtain a sufficient number of H-1B visas. Changes in existing U.S. immigration laws that make it more difficult for the company to obtain H-1B and L-1 visas could impair the company's ability to compete for and provide services to clients and could have a material adverse effect on the company's results of operations and financial condition.
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3.9 Risks related to international operations While most of the company's software development facilities are currently located in India, the company intends to develop new software development facilities in other regions, including potentially South-East Asia, Latin America and Europe. The company has not yet made substantial contractual commitments to develop such new software development facilities, and there can be no assurance that the company will not significantly alter or reduce its proposed expansion plans. The company's lack of experience with facilities outside of India subject the company to further risk with regard to foreign regulation and overseas facilities management. Increasing the number of software development facilities and the scope of operations outside of India subjects the company to a number of risks, including, among other things, difficulties relating to administering its business globally, managing foreign operations, currency exchange rate fluctuations, restrictions against the repatriation of earnings, export requirements and restrictions, and multiple and possibly overlapping tax structures. Such developments could have a material adverse effect on the company's business, results of operations and financial condition. 3.10 Dependence on skilled personnel; risks of wage inflation The company's ability to execute project engagements and to obtain new clients depends, in large part, on its ability to attract, train, motivate and retain highly skilled IT professionals, particularly project managers, software engineers and other senior technical personnel. An inability to hire and retain additional qualified personnel will impair the company's ability to bid for or obtain new projects and to continue to expand its business. The company believes that there is significant competition for IT professionals with the skills necessary to perform the services offered by the company. There can be no assurance that the company will be able to assimilate and manage new IT professionals effectively. Any increase in the attrition rates experienced by the company, particularly the rate of attrition of experienced software engineers and project managers, would adversely affect the company's results of operations and financial condition. There can be no assurance that the company will be successful in recruiting and retaining a sufficient number of replacement IT professionals with the requisite skills to replace those IT professionals who leave. Further, there can be no assurance that the company will be able to redeploy and retrain its IT professionals to keep pace with continuing changes in IT, evolving standards and changing client preferences. Historically, the company's wage costs in India have been significantly lower than wage costs in the United States for comparably skilled IT professionals. However, wage costs in India are presently increasing at a faster rate than those in the United States. Changes in the immigration laws of the countries where the company's personnel are deputed on short-term assignments, requiring the company to pay a minimum threshold wage higher than the current wage of these personnel as a condition for obtaining visas or work permits may impact the profitability of the company. In the long-term, wage increases may have an adverse effect on the company's profit margins unless the company is able to continue increasing the efficiency and productivity of its professionals. 3.11 Client concentration The company has derived, and believes that it will continue to derive, a significant portion of its revenues from a limited number of large corporate clients. For fiscal 2001 and fiscal 2000, the company's largest client accounted for 7.3% and 7.2%, respectively, of the company's total revenues and its five largest clients accounted for 26.0% and 30.2%, respectively, of the company's total revenues. The volume of work performed for specific clients is likely to vary from year to year, particularly since the company is usually not the exclusive outside software service provider for its clients. Thus, a major client in one year may not provide the same level of revenues in a subsequent year. The loss of any large client could have a material adverse effect on the company's results of operations and financial condition. Since many of the contracted projects are critical to the operations of its clients' businesses, any failure to meet client expectations could result in a cancellation or non-renewal of a contract. However, there are a number of factors other than the company's performance that could cause the loss of a client and that may not be predictable. For example, in 1995, the company chose to reduce significantly the services provided to its then-largest client rather than accept the price reductions and increased company resources sought by the client. In other circumstances, the company reduced significantly the services provided to its client when the client either changed its outsourcing strategy by moving more work in-house and reducing the number of its vendors, or replaced its existing software with packaged software supported by the licensor. There can be no assurance that the same circumstances may not arise in future. 3.12 Fixed-price, fixed-time frame contracts As a core element of its business strategy, the company continues to offer a significant portion of its services on a fixed-price, fixed-time frame basis, rather than on a time-and-materials basis. Although the company uses specified software engineering processes and its past project experience to reduce the risks associated with estimating, planning and performing fixed-price, fixed-time frame projects, the company bears the risk of cost overruns, completion delays and wage inflation in connection with these projects. The company's failure to estimate accurately the resources and time required for a project, future rates of wage inflation and currency exchange rates or its failure to complete its contractual obligations within the time frame committed could have a material adverse effect on the company's results of operations and financial condition.
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3.13 Infrastructure and potential disruption in telecommunications A significant element of the company's business strategy is to continue to leverage its various software development centers in Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Mangalore, Pune, Hyderabad, Mohali and Mysore in India, and to expand the number of such centers in India as well as outside India. The company believes that the use of a strategically located network of software development centers will provide the company with cost advantages, the ability to attract highly skilled personnel in various regions, the ability to service clients on a regional and global basis, and the ability to provide 24-hour service to its clients. Pursuant to its service delivery model, the company must maintain active voice and data communication between its main offices in Bangalore, the offices of its clients, and its other software development facilities. Although the company maintains redundant software development facilities and satellite communications links, any significant loss of the company's ability to transmit voice and data through satellite and telephone communications would have a material adverse effect on the company's results of operations and financial condition. 3.14 Competition The market for IT services is highly competitive. Competitors include IT services companies, large international accounting firms and their consulting affiliates, systems consulting and integration firms, temporary employment agencies, other technology companies and client in-house MIS departments. Competitors include international firms as well as national, regional and local firms located in the United States, Europe and India. The company expects that future competition will increasingly include firms with operations in other countries, potentially including countries with lower personnel costs than those prevailing in India. Historically, one of the company's key competitive advantages has been a cost advantage relative to service providers in the United States and Europe. Since wage costs in India are presently increasing at a faster rate than those in the United States, the company's ability to compete effectively will become increasingly dependent on its reputation, the quality of its services, and its expertise in specific markets. The company's ability to retain its existing clients and win new clients may also be impacted by any reduction in prices of services by competitors with a view to take advantage of the economic downturn in the U.S. Many of the company's competitors have significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources and generate greater revenue than the company, and there can be no assurance that the company will be able to compete successfully with such competitors and will not lose existing clients to such competitors. The company believes that its ability to compete also depends in part on a number of factors outside its control, including the ability of its competitors to attract, train, motivate and retain highly skilled IT professionals, the price at which its competitors offer comparable services, and the extent of its competitors' responsiveness to client needs. 3.15 Dependence on key personnel The company's success depends to a significant degree upon continued contributions by members of the company's senior management and other key research and development and sales and marketing personnel. The company generally does not enter into employment agreements with its senior management and other key personnel that provide for substantial restrictions on such persons leaving the company. The loss of any of such persons could have a material adverse effect on the company's business, financial condition and results of operations. 3.16 Potential liability to clients; risk of exceeding insurance coverage Many of the company's contracts involve projects that are critical to the operations of its clients' businesses and provide benefits that may be difficult to quantify. Any failure in a client's system could result in a claim for substantial damages against the company, regardless of the company's responsibility for such failure. Although the company attempts to limit its contractual liability for damages arising from negligent acts, errors, mistakes or omissions in rendering its services, there can be no assurance the limitations of liability set forth in its service contracts will be enforceable in all instances or will otherwise protect the company from liability for damages. The company maintains general liability insurance coverage, including coverage for errors or omissions; however, there can be no assurance that such coverage will continue to be available on reasonable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims, or that the insurer will not disclaim coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against the company that exceed available insurance coverage or changes in the company's insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could adversely affect the company's results of operations and financial condition. 3.17 Risks associated with possible acquisitions The company intends to evaluate potential acquisitions on an ongoing basis. As of the date, however, the company has no understanding, commitment or agreement with respect to any material future acquisition. Since the company has not made any acquisitions in the past, there can be no assurance that the company will be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates available for sale at reasonable prices, consummate any acquisition, or successfully integrate any acquired business into the company's operations. Further, acquisitions may involve a number of special risks, including diversion of management's attention, failure to retain key acquired personnel and clients, unanticipated events or circumstances, legal liabilities and amortization of acquired intangible assets, some or all of which could have a material adverse effect on the company's results of operations and financial condition. Under Indian law, except in certain
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limited circumstances, the company may not make any acquisition of, or investment in, a non-Indian company without RBI and, in most cases, Government of India approval. Even if the company does encounter an attractive acquisition candidate, there can be no assurance that RBI and, if required, Government of India approval can be obtained. 3.18 Risks associated with strategic investments The company makes strategic investments in new technology start-ups in order to gain experience in niche technologies. The company had invested an aggregate amount of $ 5.9 million in strategic investments in fiscal 2001. However, there can be no assurance that the company will be successful in its investments and will benefit from such investments. The loss of any of such investments could have a material adverse effect on the company's business, financial condition and results of operations. In fiscal 2001, the company provided for the value of its investments in EC Cubed Inc. and Alpha Thinx Mobile Services AG, in the amounts of $ 3 million and $ 480,300, respectively. 3.19 Risks related to software product sales In fiscal 2001, the company derived 2.5% of its total revenue from the sale of software products. The development of the company's software products requires significant investments. The markets for the company's primary software product are competitive and currently located in developing countries, and there can be no assurance that such a product will continue to be commercially successful. In addition, there can be no assurance that any new products developed by the company will be commercially successful or that the costs of developing such new products will be recouped. A decrease in the company's product revenues or margins could adversely affect the company's results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, software product revenues typically occur in periods subsequent to the periods in which the costs are incurred for development of such products. There can be no assurance that such delayed revenues will not cause periodic fluctuations of the company's results of operations and financial condition. 3.20 Restrictions on exercise of preemptive rights by ADS holders Under the Indian Companies Act, 1956 ("Indian Companies Act"), a company incorporated in India must offer its holders of equity shares preemptive rights to subscribe and pay for a proportionate number of shares to maintain their existing ownership percentages prior to the issuance of any new equity shares, unless such preemptive rights have been waived by three-fourths of the company's shareholders. U.S. holders of ADSs may be unable to exercise preemptive rights for equity shares underlying ADSs unless a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), is effective with respect to such rights or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act is available. The company's decision to file a registration statement will depend on the costs and potential liabilities associated with any such registration statement as well as the perceived benefits of enabling the holders of ADSs to exercise their preemptive rights and any other factors the company considers appropriate at the time. No assurance can be given that the company would file a registration statement under these circumstances. If the company issues any such securities in future, such securities may be issued to the Depositary, which may sell such securities for the benefit of the holders of the ADSs. There can be no assurance as to the value, if any, the Depositary would receive upon the sale of such securities. To the extent that holders of ADSs are unable to exercise preemptive rights granted in respect of the equity shares represented by their ADSs, their proportional interests in the company would be reduced. 3.21 Intellectual property rights The company relies upon a combination of non-disclosure and other contractual arrangements and copyright, trade secrets and trademark laws to protect its proprietary rights. Ownership of software and associated deliverables created for clients is generally retained by or assigned to the client, and the company does not retain an interest in such software and deliverables. The company also develops foundation and application software products, or software "tools", which are licensed to clients and remain the property of the company. The company has obtained registration of INFOSYS as a trademark in India and the United States, and does not have any patents or registered copyrights in the United States. The company currently requires its IT professionals to enter into non-disclosure and assignment of rights agreements to limit use of, access to, and distribution of its proprietary information. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by the company in this regard will be adequate to deter misappropriation of proprietary information or that the company will be able to detect unauthorized use and take appropriate steps to enforce its intellectual property rights. Although the company believes that its services and products do not infringe upon the intellectual property rights of others, there can be no assurance that such a claim will not be asserted against the company in future. Assertion of such claims against the company could result in litigation, and there can be no assurance that the company would be able to prevail in such litigation or be able to obtain a license for the use of any infringed intellectual property from a third party on commercially reasonable terms. There can be no assurance that the company will be able to protect such licenses from infringement or misuse, or prevent infringement claims against the company in connection with its licensing efforts. The company expects that the risk of infringement claims against the company will increase if more of the company's competitors are able to obtain patents for software products and processes. Any such claims, regardless of their outcome, could result in substantial cost to the company and divert management's attention from the company's operations. Any infringement claim or litigation against the company could, therefore, have a material adverse effect on the company's results of operations and financial condition.
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3.22 Control by principal shareholders, officers and directors; anti-takeover provisions The company's officers and directors, together with members of their immediate families, in the aggregate, beneficially own approximately 24.9% of the company's issued equity shares. As a result, such persons, acting together, will likely still have the ability to exercise significant control over most matters requiring approval by the shareholders of the company, including the election and removal of directors and significant corporate transactions. Such control by the company's officers and directors could delay, defer or prevent a change in control of the company, impede a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving the company, or discourage a potential acquiror from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the company. The Indian Companies Act and the company's Articles of Association (the "Articles") require that: (i) at least two-thirds of the company's directors shall serve for a specified term and shall be subject to re-election by the company's shareholders at the expiration of such terms; and (ii) at least one-third of the company's directors who are subject to re-election shall be up for re-election at each annual meeting of the company's shareholders. In addition, the company's Articles provide that Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy, one of the company's principal founders and its Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, shall serve as the company's Chairman of the Board and shall not be subject to re-election as long as he and his relatives, own at least 5% of the company's outstanding equity securities. Furthermore, any amendment to the company's Articles would require the affirmative vote of three-fourths of the company's shareholders. Finally, foreign investment in Indian companies is highly regulated. These provisions could delay, defer or prevent a change in control of the company, impede a business combination involving the company or discourage a potential acquiror from attempting to obtain control of the company.
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Report of the audit committee -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To the members of Infosys Technologies Limited In connection with the March 31, 2001 financial statements prepared as per US GAAP, the audit committee: (1) reviewed and discussed the audited financial statements with management; (2) discussed with the auditors the matters required by Statement on Auditing Standards No. 61; and (3) reviewed and discussed with the auditors the matters required by Independence Standards Board Statement No. 1. Based upon these reviews and discussions, the audit committee recommended to the board of directors that the audited financial statements be included in the Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission of the United States of America. Deepak M. Satwalekar Dr. Omkar Goswami Chairman, Audit Committee Member, Audit Committee Bangalore Sen. Larry L Pressler Prof. Marti G Subrahmanyam April 10, 2001 Member, Audit Committee Member, Audit Committee Report of management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The management is responsible for preparing the company's financial statements and related information that appears in this Annual Report. The management believes that the financial statements fairly reflect the form and substance of transactions, and reasonably present the company's financial condition and results of operations in conformity with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The management has included, in the company's financial statements, amounts that are based on estimates and judgments, which it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The company maintains a system of internal procedures and controls intended to provide reasonable assurance, at appropriate cost, that transactions are executed in accordance with company authorization and are properly recorded and reported in the financial statements, and that assets are adequately safeguarded. KPMG audits the company's financial statements in accordance with the generally accepted auditing standards and provides an objective, independent review of the company's internal controls and the fairness of its reported financial condition and results of operations. The board of directors of Infosys has appointed an audit committee composed of outside directors. The committee meets with the management, internal auditors, and the independent auditors to review internal accounting controls and accounting, auditing, and financial reporting matters. [Enlarge/Download Table] /s/ T. V. Mohandas Pai /s/ Nandan M. Nilekani /s/ N. R. Narayana Murthy T. V. Mohandas Pai Nandan M. Nilekani N. R. Narayana Murthy Bangalore Director - Finance & Managing Director, Chairman April 11, 2001 Administration and President and Chief and Chief Executive Chief Financial Officer Operating Officer Officer
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Independent auditors' report -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To the Board of Directors and Stockholders Infosys Technologies Limited We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Infosys Technologies Limited as of March 31, 2001 and 2000, and the related statements of income, stockholders' equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 31, 2001. These financial statements are the responsibility of the company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Infosys Technologies Limited as of March 31, 2001 and 2000, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 31, 2001, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. As explained in Note 1.3 in the accompanying notes to the financial statements, the accounts of Infosys Technologies Limited's wholly owned subsidiary, Yantra Corporation, which were consolidated with the financial statements of the company prior to April 1, 1998, were accounted for by the equity method in fiscal 1999. /s/ KPMG Bangalore KPMG April 11, 2001
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Balance sheets as of March 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents $ 124,084,245 $ 116,599,486 Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances 64,942,062 31,233,515 Deferred tax assets 1,265,142 - Prepaid expenses and other current assets 16,452,863 11,256,295 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total current assets 206,744,312 159,089,296 Property, plant and equipment, net 119,773,030 47,554,772 Deferred tax assets 2,070,428 2,566,266 Investments 5,577,393 3,177,938 Advance income taxes 180,113 - Other assets 8,002,543 6,894,598 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL ASSETS $ 342,347,819 $ 219,282,870 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY CURRENT LIABILITIES Accounts payable $ 28,082 $ 976,840 Client deposits 1,217,737 425,724 Other accrued liabilities 21,830,484 13,835,635 Income taxes payable - 1,878,977 Unearned revenue 7,479,815 4,029,173 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total current liabilities 30,556,118 21,146,349 STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Common stock, $0.16 par value; 100,000,000 equity shares authorized, Issued and outstanding - 66,158,117 and 66,150,700 as of 2001 and 2000, respectively 8,594,106 8,593,510 Additional paid-in capital 122,017,518 121,506,726 Accumulated other comprehensive income (28,664,972) (14,137,933) Deferred stock compensation (12,517,018) (17,598,813) Retained earnings 222,362,067 99,773,031 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total stockholders' equity 311,791,701 198,136,521 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY $ 342,347,819 $ 219,282,870 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See accompanying notes to financial statements [CHARTS APPEAR HERE]
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Statements of income for the years ended March 31 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- REVENUES $ 413,850,510 $ 203,443,754 $ 120,955,226 Cost of revenues 213,613,744 111,080,546 65,331,006 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gross profit 200,236,766 92,363,208 55,624,220 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OPERATING EXPENSES Selling and marketing expenses 20,682,776 9,643,970 4,943,599 General and administrative expenses 36,957,609 17,102,550 11,255,456 Amortization of stock compensation expense 5,081,795 5,117,635 3,645,576 Compensation arising from stock split - - 12,906,962 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total operating expenses 62,722,180 31,864,155 32,751,593 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Operating income 137,514,586 60,499,053 22,872,627 Equity in loss of deconsolidated subsidiary - - (2,085,887) Other income, net 9,505,343 9,038,792 1,536,998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Income before income taxes 147,019,929 69,537,845 22,323,738 Provision for income taxes 15,071,825 8,193,317 4,877,650 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net income $ 131,948,104 $61,344,528 $17,446,088 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EARNINGS PER EQUITY SHARE Basic $ 2.01 $ 0.93 $ 0.28 Diluted $ 1.98 $ 0.93 $ 0.28 Weighted equity shares used in computing earnings per equity share Basic 65,771,256 65,659,625 61,378,850 Diluted 66,714,739 65,863,990 61,507,380 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See accompanying notes to financial statements [GRAPH APPEARS HERE]
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Statements of Stockholders' Equity and Comprehensive Income -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Common stock Additional Comprehensive Accumulated Shares Par value paid-in capital income other Comprehensive income ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Balance as of March 31, 1998 64,068,800 $4,545,811 $ 24,415,920 $ (7,042,229) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Stock split - 3,800,949 - - Cash dividends declared - - - - Common stock issued 2,070,000 245,377 70,134,623 - ADR issue expenses - - (4,108,924) - Compensation related to stock option grants - - 30,407,892 - Amortization of compensation related to stock option grants - - - - Comprehensive income Net income - - - $ 17,446,088 Other comprehensive income Translation adjustment - - - (2,058,433) (2,058,433) ------------ Comprehensive income - - - $ 15,387,655 - ------------ Adjustment on deconsolidation of subsidiary - - - - Repayment of loan to trust - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Balance as of March 31, 1999 66,138,800 8,592,137 120,849,511 (9,100,662) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cash dividends declared - - - - Common stock issued 11,900 1,373 405,489 - ADR issue expenses - - (777,923) - Compensation related to stock option grants - - 1,029,649 - Amortization of compensation related to stock option grants - - - - Comprehensive income Net income - - - $ 61,344,528 - Other comprehensive income Translation adjustment - - - (5,037,271) (5,037,271) ------------ Comprehensive income - - - $ 56,307,257 - ------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Balance as of March 31, 2000 66,150,700 $8,593,510 $121,506,726 $(14,137,933) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deferred Loan to trust Retained Total stock earnings stockholders' compensation equity ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Balance as of March 31, 1998 $ (7,831,445) $ (936,365) $ 27,994,268 $ 41,145,960 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stock split - - (3,800,949) - Cash dividends declared - - (3,152,863) (3,152,863) Common stock issued - - - 70,380,000 ADR issue expenses - - - (4,108,924) Compensation related to stock option grants (30,407,892) - - - Amortization of compensation related to stock option grants 16,552,538 - - 16,552,538 Comprehensive income Net income - - - 17,446,088 Other comprehensive income Translation adjustment - - - (2,058,433) Comprehensive income - - - - Adjustment on deconsolidation of subsidiary - - 2,468,831 2,468,831 Repayment of loan to trust - 936,365 - 936,365 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Balance as of March 31, 1999 (21,686,799) - 40,955,375 139,609,562 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cash dividends declared - - (2,526,872) (2,526,872) Common stock issued - - - 406,862 ADR issue expenses - - - (777,923) Compensation related to stock option grants (1,029,649) - - - Amortization of compensation related to stock option grants 5,117,635 - - 5,117,635 Comprehensive income Net income - - 61,344,528 61,344,528 Other comprehensive income Translation adjustment - - - (5,037,271) Comprehensive income - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Balance as of March 31, 2000 $(17,598,813) - $99,773,031 $198,136,521 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Statements of Stockholders' Equity and Comprehensive Income -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Common stock Additional Comprehensive Accumulated Deferred Shares Par value paid-in capital income other stock comprehensive compensation income ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Balance as of March 31, 2000 66,150,700 $8,593,510 $121,506,726 $ (14,137,933) $(17,598,813) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cash dividends declared - - - - - Common stock issued 7,417 596 510,792 - - Amortization of compensation related to stock option grants - - - - 5,081,795 Comprehensive income Net income - - - $ 131,948,104 - - Other comprehensive income Translation adjustment - - - (14,527,039) (14,527,039) - --------------- Comprehensive income - - - $ 117,421,065 - - --------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Balance as of March 31, 2001 66,158,117 $8,594,106 $122,017,518 $ (28,664,972) $(12,517,018) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Loan to trust Retained Total earnings stockholders' equity --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Balance as of March 31, 2000 - $ 99,773,031 $198,136,521 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cash dividends declared - (9,359,068) (9,359,068) Common stock issued - - 511,388 Amortization of compensation related to stock option grants - - 5,081,795 Comprehensive income Net income - 131,948,104 131,948,104 Other comprehensive income Translation adjustment - - (14,527,039) Comprehensive income - - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Balance as of March 31, 2001 - $222,362,067 $311,791,701 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- See accompanying notes to financial statements
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Statements of cash flows for the years ended March 31 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 1999 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income $131,948,104 $ 61,344,528 $ 17,446,088 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities (Gain)/loss on sale of property, plant and equipment (20,053) (20,153) - Depreciation 24,527,867 12,268,169 8,521,009 Deferred tax expense / (benefit) (769,304) (850,891) (625,427) Gain on sale of investment in deconsolidated subsidiary - - (620,958) Amortization of deferred stock compensation expense 5,081,795 5,117,635 16,552,538 Loss relating to deconsolidated subsidiary - - 2,085,887 Provision for investments 3,480,300 - - Changes in assets and liabilities Trade accounts receivable (33,708,547) (11,176,837) (10,113,425) Prepaid expenses and other current assets (2,218,954) (2,390,039) (2,035,203) Income taxes (2,059,090) 923,180 1,492,766 Accounts payable (948,758) 901,535 (24,459) Client deposits 792,013 407,204 (171,653) Unearned revenue 3,450,642 (569,439) 4,598,612 Other accrued liabilities 7,957,303 5,435,835 3,015,104 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net cash provided by operating activities 137,513,318 71,390,727 40,120,879 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVESTING ACTIVITIES Expenditure on property, plant and equipment (96,775,745) (35,926,030) (16,123,557) Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 49,673 23,555 5,704 Loans to employees (4,085,559) (6,828,525) (2,181,715) Proceeds from sale of investment in deconsolidated subsidiary - - 1,500,000 Purchase of investments (5,879,755) (3,000,000) (177,576) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net cash used in investing activities (106,691,386) (45,731,000) (16,977,144) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FINANCING ACTIVITIES Proceeds from issuance of equity shares 511,388 406,862 70,380,000 ADR issue expenses - (777,923) (4,108,924) Payment of cash dividends (9,321,522) (2,526,872) (2,371,673) Loan to trust - - 936,365 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (8,810,134) (2,897,933) 64,835,768 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (14,527,039) (5,037,271) (2,058,433) Effect of deconsolidation on cash - - (2,465,372) Net increase in cash and cash equivalents during the year 7,484,759 17,724,523 83,455,698 Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 116,599,486 98,874,963 15,419,265 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year $124,084,245 $116,599,486 $ 98,874,963 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Supplementary information: Cash paid towards taxes $ 16,950,802 $ 7,270,137 $ 3,364,318 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See accompanying notes to financial statements
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Notes to Financial Statements -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Company overview and significant accounting policies 1.1 Company overview Infosys Technologies Limited ("Infosys" or the "company"), a publicly held company is an information technology ("IT") consulting and service provider, providing end-to-end consulting for global corporations. The company has partnered with several Fortune 500 and emerging companies in building their next generation information infrastructure for competitive advantage. Infosys' portfolio of services includes e-strategy consulting and solutions, maintenance and re-engineering services, large application development and enterprise integration services. Infosys also has product co-development initiatives with numerous communication and Internet infrastructure companies that are creating the building blocks for the digital economy. In addition, the company develops and markets certain software products. Headquartered in Bangalore, India, the company has 16 state-of-the-art offshore software development facilities located throughout India, six proximity development centers in the UK and the U.S. and one global development center in Canada, that enable it to provide high quality, cost-effective services to clients in a resource-constrained environment. The company also maintains offices in North America, Europe and Asia. 1.2 Basis of preparation of financial statements The accompanying financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP"). All amounts are stated in U.S. dollars, except as otherwise specified. 1.3 Principles of consolidation The financial statements of the company were consolidated with the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiary, Yantra Corporation ("Yantra") during fiscal 1998. On October 20, 1998, the company's voting control of Yantra declined to approximately 47%. Accordingly, the company followed the equity method of accounting for Yantra in fiscal 1999. On June 14, 1999, Yantra sold Series C Convertible Preferred Stock amounting to $ 15 million to unrelated existing and new investors, reducing the company's voting control to approximately 25%. In July 2000, Yantra sold Series D Convertible Preferred Stock amounting to $ 49 million, to unrelated existing and new investors, further reducing the company's voting control to approximately 16%. The company owns 63% of the outstanding common shares of Yantra, but has no financial obligations or commitments to Yantra and does not intend to provide Yantra with financial support. Accordingly, the company recognized no losses of Yantra after October 20, 1998. The excess of the company's previously recognized losses over the basis of its investments in Yantra as of October 20, 1998 were credited to retained earnings. Yantra was incorporated in the United States in fiscal 1996 for the development of software products in the retail and distribution areas. 1.4 Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the year. Examples of estimates include accounting for contract costs expected to be incurred to complete software development, allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable, future obligations under employee benefit plans and the useful lives of property, plant and equipment. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 1.5 Revenue recognition The company derives its revenues primarily from software services and also from the licensing of software products. Revenue on time-and-material contracts is recognized as the related costs are incurred. Revenue from fixed-price, fixed-time frame contracts are recognized upon the achievement of specified milestones identified in the related contracts, as per the percentage-of-completion method. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates. The company provides its clients with a fixed-period warranty on all its fixed-price, fixed-time frame contracts. Costs associated with the support services are accrued at the time related revenues are recorded. Revenue from licensing of software products is recognized upon shipment of products and fulfillment of acceptance terms, if any, provided that no significant vendor obligations remain and the collection of the related receivable is probable. When the company receives advances for software products, such amounts are reported as client deposits until all conditions for revenue recognition are met. Maintenance revenue is deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the underlying maintenance agreement, generally 12 months. Revenue from client training, support and other services arising due to the sale of software products is recognized as the services are performed.
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1.6 Cash and cash equivalents The company considers all highly liquid investments and deposits with a remaining maturity at the date of purchase / investment of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash, cash on deposit with banks, marketable securities and deposits with corporations. 1.7 Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. The company depreciates property, plant and equipment over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives of assets are as follows: Buildings 15 years Furniture and fixtures 5 years Computer equipment 2-5 years Plant and equipment 5 years Vehicles 5 years The cost of software purchased for use in software development and services is charged to the cost of revenues at the time of acquisition. The amount of third party software expensed during fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999 was $ 6,979,492, $ 3,816,840 and $ 3,538,590, respectively. Deposits paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date and the cost of property, plant and equipment not put to use before such date are disclosed under "Capital work-in-progress". 1.8 Impairment of long-lived assets The company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles, if any, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed are reported at the lower of the carrying value or the fair value less the cost to sell. 1.9 Research and development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Software product development costs are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility is achieved. Software product development costs incurred subsequent to achieving technological feasibility are not significant and are expensed as incurred. 1.10 Foreign currency translation The accompanying financial statements are reported in U.S. dollars. The functional currency of the company is the Indian rupee ("Rs."). The translation of Rs. to U.S. dollars is performed for balance sheet accounts using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date, and for revenue and expense accounts using a monthly average exchange rate for the respective periods. The gains or losses resulting from such translation are reported as "Other comprehensive income", a separate component of stockholders' equity. The method for translating expenses of overseas operations depends upon the funds used. If the payment is made from a rupee denominated bank account, the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the payment would apply. If the payment is made from a foreign currency, i.e., non-rupee denominated account, the translation into rupees is performed at the average monthly exchange rate. 1.11 Foreign currency transactions The company generally enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to limit the effect of exchange rate changes on its foreign currency receivables. Gains and losses on these contracts are recognized as income or expense in the statements of income as incurred, over the life of the contract. 1.12 Earnings per share In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 128, Earnings Per Share, basic earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common and dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the period, using the treasury stock method for options and warrants, except where the result would be anti-dilutive. 1.13 Income taxes Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities, and their respective tax bases and operating loss carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred tax assets and
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liabilities is recognized as income in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance for any tax benefits of which future realization is uncertain. 1.14 Fair value of financial instruments The carrying amounts reflected in the balance sheets for cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their respective fair values due to the short maturities of these instruments. 1.15 Concentration of risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, investment securities and hedging instruments. By their nature, all such financial instruments involve risk including the credit risk of non-performance by counterparties. In management's opinion, as of March 31, 2001 and 2000, there was no significant risk of loss in the event of non-performance of the counterparties to these financial instruments, other than the amounts already provided for in the financial statements. Exposure to credit risk is managed through credit approvals, establishing credit limits and monitoring procedures. The company's cash resources are invested with corporations, financial institutions and banks with high investment grade credit ratings. Limitations are established by the company as to the maximum amount of cash that may be invested with any such single entity. 1.16 Retirement benefits to employees 1.16.1 Gratuity In accordance with Indian law, the company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (the "Gratuity Plan") covering eligible employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment of an amount based on the respective employee's salary and the years of employment with the company. The company established the Infosys Technologies Limited Employees' Group Gratuity Fund Trust (the "Gratuity Fund Trust") on April 1, 1997. Liabilities with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation, based upon which the company contributes to the Gratuity Fund Trust. Trustees administer the contributions made to the Gratuity Fund Trust. The funds contributed to the Gratuity Fund Trust are invested in specific securities as mandated by the law and generally consist of federal and state government bonds and the debt instruments of government-owned corporations. 1.16.2 Superannuation Apart from being covered under the Gratuity Plan described above, certain employees of the company are also participants in a defined contribution plan maintained by the company. The plan is termed the superannuation plan (the "plan") to which the company makes monthly contributions based on a specified percentage of each covered employee's salary. The company has no further obligations under the plan beyond its monthly contributions. 1.16.3 Provident fund In addition to the above benefits, eligible employees receive benefits from a provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. Both the employee and the company make monthly contributions to the plan, each equal to a specified percentage of each covered employee's salary. The company established a provident fund trust in August 1996, to which a part of the contributions are made each month. The remainder of the contributions is made to the Government's provident fund. The company has no further obligations under provident fund beyond its monthly contributions. 1.17 Investments Investments where the company controls between 20% and 50% of the voting interest are accounted for using the equity method. Investment securities in which the company controls less than 20% voting interest are currently classified as "Available-for-sale securities". Investment securities designated as "available-for-sale" are carried at their fair value. Fair value is based on quoted market prices. Unquoted securities are carried at cost, adjusted for declines in value judged to be other than temporary. Unrealized gains and losses, net of deferred income taxes are reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other than temporary on "Available-for-sale" securities are included in the statements of income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividend income is recognized when earned. 1.18 Stock-based compensation The company uses the intrinsic value-based method of Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, to account for its employee stock-based compensation plan. The company has therefore adopted the proforma disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. 1.19 Dividends Dividend on common stock and the related dividend tax are recorded as a liability on declaration.
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2 Notes to the Financial Statements 2.1 Cash and cash equivalents The cost and fair values for cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively are as follows: [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cost and fair values Cash and bank deposits $ 82,702,111 $ 99,035,223 Deposits with corporations 41,382,134 17,564,263 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 124,084,245 $ 116,599,486 ================================================================================================= 2.2 Trade accounts receivable Trade accounts receivable, as of March 31, 2001 and 2000, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 3,902,996 and $ 507,487, respectively amounted to $ 64,942,062 and $ 31,233,515, respectively. The age profile of trade accounts receivable is given below. [Enlarge/Download Table] in % ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Period (in days) 2001 2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 - 30 69.2 64.7 31 - 60 26.6 31.8 61 - 90 1.7 1.8 More than 90 2.5 1.7 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100.0 100.0 ========================================================================================= Trade accounts receivable include accounts receivable from Yantra amounting to $ 214,347 and Nil as of March 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. 2.3 Prepaid expenses and other current assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following: [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rent deposits $ 2,484,794 $ 1,798,738 Deposits with government organizations 945,189 721,476 Loans to employees 8,091,866 5,114,253 Prepaid expenses 4,349,913 3,602,334 Costs in excess of billings 503,694 - Other advances 77,407 19,494 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 16,452,863 $ 11,256,295 =========================================================================================== Other advances represent advance payments to vendors for the supply of goods and rendering of services. Deposits with government organizations relate principally to leased telephone lines and electricity supplies. Costs in excess of billings represent costs incurred on fixed price contracts in respect of which milestones are yet to be achieved. 2.4 Property, plant and equipment - net Property, plant and equipment consist of the following: [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Land $ 7,865,351 $ 4,833,786 Buildings 33,871,448 13,509,409 Furniture and fixtures 21,579,707 9,156,208 Computer equipment 48,098,099 25,742,780 Plant and equipment 24,064,927 11,871,138 Vehicles 75,537 31,292 Capital work-in-progress 36,651,724 13,064,301 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 172,206,793 78,208,914 Accumulated depreciation (52,433,763) (30,654,142) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 119,773,030 $ 47,554,772 ======================================================================================================================= Depreciation expense amounted to $ 24,527,867, $ 12,268,169 and $ 8,521,009 for fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively.
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2.5 Investments The amortized cost and fair values of available-for-sale securities by major investment type and class of investment are as follows: [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Amortized cost Fair value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As of March 31, 2001 M-Commerce Ventures Pte Ltd - 70 units, each unit representing 1 Ordinary Share of S$1 each at par and 9 Redeemable Preference Shares of S$1 each at par, with a premium of $1,110 per Redeemable Preference Share $ 399,485 $ 399,485 Asia Net Media BVI Limited - 30,000,000 Ordinary Shares, at $0.05 each, fully paid, par value $0.01 each 1,500,000 1,500,000 EC Cubed Inc. - 1,300,108 Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, at $2.3075 each, fully paid, par value $0.0001 each - - Alpha Thinx Mobile Services AG - 27,790 Bearer Shares, at (Euro) 20 each, fully paid, par value (Euro) 1 each - - CiDRA Corporation - 33,333 Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, at $90 each, fully paid, par value $0.01 each 2,999,970 2,999,970 JASDIC Park Company - 480 Common Stock, at (Y)50,000 each, fully paid, par value (Y)50,000 each 177,576 177,576 PurpleYogi Inc. - 276,243 Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, at $1.81 each fully paid, par value $0.001 each 500,000 500,000 Others 362 362 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $5,577,393 $5,577,393 ======================================================================================================================= As of March 31, 2000 EC Cubed Inc. - 1,300,108 Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, at $2.3075 each, fully paid, par value $0.0001 each $3,000,000 $3,000,000 JASDIC Park Company - 480 Common Stock, at (Y)50,000 each, fully paid, par value (Y)50,000 each 177,576 177,576 Others 362 362 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $3,177,938 $3,177,938 ======================================================================================================================= During the year ended March 31, 2001, EC Cubed Inc. and Alpha Thinx Mobile Services AG ("Alpha Thinx"), two companies in which Infosys had made strategic investments, filed for liquidation. Consequently, the company made a provision for its entire investment in EC Cubed Inc. and Alpha Thinx in the amounts of $ 3,000,000 and $ 480,300, respectively, as there was a diminution in the value of this investment that is considered other than temporary. EC Cubed Inc. and Alpha Thinx are unlisted companies. 2.6 Other assets Other assets mainly represent the non-current portion of loans to employees. 2.7 Related parties The company grants loans to employees for acquiring assets such as property and cars. Such loans are repayable over fixed periods ranging from 1 to 100 months. The annual rates of interest at which the loans have been made to employees vary between 0% through 4%. No loans have been made to employees in connection with equity issues. The loans are generally secured by the assets acquired by the employees. As of March 31, 2001 and 2000, amounts receivable from officers amounting to $ 227,121 and $ 309,835, respectively, are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and other assets in the accompanying balance sheets. The required repayments of loans by employees are as detailed below. [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 - $ 5,114,252 2002 $ 8,091,866 1,887,808 2003 2,517,809 1,383,397 2004 1,718,884 861,752 2005 1,033,107 696,581 2006 800,198 - Thereafter 1,932,545 2,065,061 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 16,094,409 $ 12,008,851 ======================================================================================================================= The estimated fair values of related party receivables amounted to $ 12,465,374 and $ 8,959,996 as of March 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. These amounts have been determined using available market information and appropriate
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valuation methodologies. Considerable judgement is required to develop these estimates of fair value. Consequently, these estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the company could realize in the market. 2.8 Other accrued liabilities Other accrued liabilities comprise the following: [Enlarge/Download Table] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Accrued compensation to staff $ 12,332,869 $ 7,747,965 Accrued dividends 103,418 65,872 Provision for post sales client support 1,578,859 1,265,849 Employee withholding taxes payable 25,000 1,530,832 Others 7,790,338 3,225,117 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 21,830,484 $ 13,835,635 ========================================================================================================== 2.9 Employee post-retirement benefits 2.9.1 Gratuity The following tables set out the funded status of the Gratuity Plan and the amounts recognized in the company's financial statements in fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999. [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 1999 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Change in benefit obligations Benefit obligations at the beginning of the year $ 11,043,208 $ 10,551,069 $ 1,804,504 Effect of changes in assumptions used - (2,142,149) 7,370,968 Amortization of unrecognized actuarial loss (329,928) (368,548) - Service cost 2,627,599 3,418,688 657,328 Interest cost 1,183,461 939,603 906,157 Benefits paid (184,247) (128,803) (73,983) Effect of exchange rate changes (758,121) (1,226,652) (113,905) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Benefit obligations at the end of the year $ 13,581,972 $ 11,043,208 $ 10,551,069 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at the beginning of the year $ 4,375,821 $ 2,497,335 $ 680,499 Effect of exchange rate changes (468,275) (134,018) (48,977) Actual return on plan assets 1,061,611 404,526 179,004 Employer contributions 5,362,995 1,736,781 1,760,792 Benefits paid (184,247) (128,803) (73,983) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Plan assets at the end of the year $ 10,147,905 $ 4,375,821 $ 2,497,335 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Funded status $ (3,434,067) $ (6,667,387) $ (8,053,734) Excess of actual return over estimated return on plan assets 301,791 93,716 (41,723) Unrecognized transitional obligation 596,106 694,446 830,826 Unrecognized actuarial cost 4,216,291 3,141,732 7,252,766 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Accrued) / prepaid benefit $ 1,680,121 $ (2,737,493) $ (11,865) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net gratuity cost for fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999 comprises the following components: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 1999 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Service cost $ 2,627,599 $ 3,418,688 $ 657,328 Interest cost 1,183,461 939,603 906,157 Expected return on assets (759,820) (310,810) (143,038) Amortization of unrecognized transitional obligation 55,127 58,245 63,910 Amortization of unrecognized actuarial loss 329,928 368,548 - Net gratuity cost $ 3,436,295 $ 4,474,274 $ 1,484,357 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The assumptions used in accounting for the Gratuity Plan in fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999 are set out below. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 1999 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Discount rate 10% 10% 10% Rate of increase in compensation levels 9% 9% 12% Rate of return on plan assets 10% 10% 10% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The company assesses these assumptions with its projected long-term plans of growth and prevalent industry standards.
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2.9.2 Superannuation The company contributed $ 796,739, $ 244,248 and $ 145,051 to the superannuation plan in fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. 2.9.3 Provident fund The company contributed $ 2,339,794, $ 1,198,772 and $ 812,117 to the provident fund in fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. 2.10 Stockholders' equity The company has only one class of capital stock referred to herein as equity shares. In fiscal 1999, the board of directors authorized a two- for-one stock split of the company's equity shares effected in the form of a stock dividend. Also, in November 1999, the board of directors authorized a two-for-one stock split of the company's equity shares, whereby each issued and outstanding equity share, par value $ 0.32 each, was split into two equity shares, par value $ 0.16 each. All references in the financial statements to number of shares, per share amounts and market prices of the company's equity shares have been retroactively restated to reflect the stock splits. 2.11 Equity shares 2.11.1 Voting Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. 2.11.2 Dividends Should the company declare and pay dividends, such dividends will be paid in rupees. The company paid cash dividends of $ 9,321,522 and $ 2,526,872 during fiscal 2001 and 2000, respectively. Indian law mandates that any dividend be declared out of distributable profits only after the transfer of a specified percentage of net income computed in accordance with current regulations to a general reserve. Moreover, the remittance of dividends outside India is governed by Indian law on foreign exchange and is subject to applicable taxes. 2.11.3 Liquidation In the event of a liquidation of the company, the holders of common stock shall be entitled to receive any of the remaining assets of the company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The amounts will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the stockholders. 2.11.4 Stock options There are no voting, dividend or liquidation rights to the holders of warrants issued under the company's stock option plan. 2.12 Other income, net Other income, net, consists of the following: [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 1999 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interest income and others $ 8,526,635 $ 5,729,653 $ 916,040 Gain on sale of investment in subsidiary - - 620,958 Income from sale of special import licenses 14,800 426,407 - Exchange gains 4,444,208 2,882,732 - Provision for investments (3,480,300) - - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 9,505,343 $ 9,038,792 $ 1,536,998 ======================================================================================================================= 2.13 Operating leases The company has various operating leases for office buildings that are renewable on a periodic basis. Rental expense for operating leases in fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999 were $ 3,689,822, $ 2,387,334 and $ 1,770,413, respectively. The operating leases can be renewed or canceled at the company's option. The company leases some of its office space under non-cancelable operating leases for periods ranging between three through ten years. The schedule of future minimum rental payments in respect of these leases is set out below. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ending March 31, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2002 $ 1,568,814 2003 1,615,933 2004 1,725,610 2005 1,451,912 2006 1,159,711 Thereafter 3,092,905 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $10,614,885 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2.14 Research and development General and administrative expenses in the accompanying statements of income include research and development expenses of $ 3,610,550, $ 1,904,123 and $ 2,819,326 for fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. 2.15 Employees' Stock Offer Plans ("ESOP") 1994 Employees Stock Offer Plan (the "1994 Plan"): In September 1994, the company established the 1994 Plan, which provided for the issuance of 6,000,000 warrants (as adjusted for the company's 2-for-1 stock split by means of a stock dividend in fiscal 1998 and 1999 and a 2-for-1 stock split in fiscal 2000) to eligible employees. The warrants were issued to an employee welfare trust (the "Trust") at Rs.0.50 each and were purchased by the Trust using the proceeds of a loan obtained from the company. The Trust holds the warrants and transfers them to eligible employees at Rs.0.50 each. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one of the company's equity shares at a price of Rs.50 per share. The warrants and the equity shares received upon the exercise of warrants are subject to a five-year aggregate vesting period from the date of issue of warrants to employees. The warrants expire upon the earlier of five years from the date of issue or September 1999. The fair market value of each warrant is the market price of the underlying equity shares on the date of the grant. In 1997, in anticipation of a share dividend to be declared by the company, the Trust exercised all warrants held by it and converted them into equity shares with the proceeds of a loan obtained from the company. In connection with the warrant exercise and the share dividend, on an adjusted basis, 3,011,200 equity shares were issued to employees of the company who exercised stock purchase rights and 2,988,800 equity shares were issued to the Trust for future issuance to employees pursuant to the 1994 Plan. Following such exercise, there were no longer any rights to purchase equity shares from the company in connection with the 1994 Plan. Only equity shares held by the Trust remained for future issues to employees, subject to vesting provisions. The equity shares acquired upon the exercise of the warrants vest entirely on completion of five years of service. The warrant holders were entitled to exercise early, but the shares received are subject to the five-year vesting period. As of March 31, 2001, the company's outstanding equity shares included 587,400 equity shares held by the Trust of which 330,000 equity shares were allotted to employees, subject to vesting provisions and are included in the earnings per share calculation. The remaining 257,400 equity shares were not considered outstanding for purposes of calculating earnings per share. The warrants allotted and the underlying equity shares are not subject to any repurchase obligations by the company. The company has elected to use the intrinsic value-based method of APB 25 to account for its employee stock-based compensation plan. Accordingly, in fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, the company recorded deferred compensation of Nil, $ 1,029,649 and $ 30,407,892, respectively for the difference, on the grant date, between the exercise price and the fair value as determined by quoted market prices of the common stock underlying the warrants. The deferred compensation is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the warrants/equity shares. In fiscal 1999, the company declared a stock split of two equity shares for each equity share outstanding to all its stockholders including participants in the 1994 Plan in the form of a stock dividend and consequently recognized an accelerated compensation charge at the time of the stock dividend amounting to $ 12,906,962. 1998 Employees Stock Offer Plan (the "1998 Plan"): The company's 1998 Plan provides for the grant of non-statutory stock options and incentive stock options to employees of the company. The establishment of the 1998 Plan was approved by the board of directors in December 1997 and by the stockholders in January 1998. The Government of India has approved the 1998 Plan, subject to a limit of 1,470,000 equity shares representing 2,940,000 American Depositary Shares ("ADS") to be issued under the 1998 Plan. Unless terminated sooner, the 1998 Plan will terminate automatically in January 2008. All options under the 1998 Plan will be exercisable for equity shares represented by ADSs. The 1998 Plan is administered by a compensation committee comprising five members, all of who are independent directors on the board of directors. All options under the 1998 Plan are exercisable for equity shares represented by ADSs. 1999 Employees Stock Offer Plan (the "1999 Plan"): In fiscal 2000, the company instituted the 1999 Plan. The stockholders and the board of directors approved the 1999 Plan in June 1999. The 1999 Plan provides for the issue of 6,600,000 equity shares to employees. The 1999 Plan is administered by a compensation committee comprising five members, all of who are independent directors on the board of directors. Under the 1999 Plan, options will be issued to employees at an exercise price, which shall not be less than the Fair Market Value ("FMV"). Under the 1999 Plan, options may also be issued to employees at exercise prices that are less than FMV only if specifically approved by the members of the company in a general meeting. The company adopted the proforma disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. Had compensation cost for the company's stock-based compensation plan been determined in a manner consistent with the fair value approach described in SFAS No. 123, the company's net income and basic earnings per share as reported would have reduced to the proforma amounts indicated below. [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 1999 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net income As reported $ 131,948,104 $ 61,344,528 $ 17,446,088 Adjusted proforma $ 99,690,666 $ 54,649,727 $ 16,905,336 Basic earnings per share As reported $ 2.01 $ 0.93 $ 0.28 Adjusted proforma $ 1.52 $ 0.83 $ 0.27 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2.15 Employees' Stock Offer Plans ("ESOP") (continued) The fair value of each warrant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions: [Enlarge/Download Table] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 1999 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dividend yield % 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Expected life 5 years 5 years 5 years Risk free interest rate 10.8% 10.8% 10.8% Volatility 44.0% 44.0% 44.0% The activity in the warrants/equity shares of the 1994, 1998 and 1999 Employees Stock Offer Plans in fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999 are set out below. [Enlarge/Download Table] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Shares arising Weighted Shares Weighted Shares Weighted out of options average arising average arising average exercise out of exercise out of exercise price options price options price -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1994 Option plan: Outstanding at the beginning of the year 341,400 - 328,000 - 1,037,200 - Granted - - 30,000 $ 1.15 1,984,400 $ 0.59 Forfeited (10,600) $ 1.15 (16,600) $ 1.15 (36,400) $ 0.59 Exercised (800) $ 1.15 - - (2,657,200) $ 0.59 Outstanding at the ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ end of the year 330,000 - 341,400 - 328,000 - ==================================================================================== Exercisable at the end of the year - - - - - - Weighted-average fair value of grants during the period at less than market - $ 35.48 $ 18.43 -------- -------- 1998 Option plan: Outstanding at the beginning of the year 344,750 - 213,000 - - - Granted 482,420 $ 230.88 147,150 $ 228.60 213,000 $ 34.00 Forfeited (38,200) $ 172.58 (3,500) $ 34.00 - - Exercised (6,217) $ 53.82 (11,900) $ 34.00 - - Outstanding at the ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ end of the year 782,753 - 344,750 - 213,000 - ==================================================================================== Exercisable at the end of the year 55,558 - 18,100 - - - Weighted-average fair value of grants during the year $ 230.88 $ 228.60 $ 34.00 -------- -------- -------- 1999 Option plan: Outstanding at the beginning of the year 1,006,800 - - - - - Granted 1,957,830 $ 136.68 1,014,500 $ 99.12 - - Forfeited (169,450) $ 110.06 (7,700) $127.98 - - Exercised (1,200) $ 89.98 - - - - Outstanding at the ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ end of the year 2,793,980 - 1,006,800 - - - ==================================================================================== Exercisable at the end of the year 93,400 - - - - - Weighted-average fair value of grants during the year $ 136.68 $ 99.12 - -------- ------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2001: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Outstanding Exercisable ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Range of Number of Weighted Weighted Number of Weighted exercise Price shares arising average average shares arising average out of options remaining exercise out of options exercise contractual life price price ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 1.15 - $ 304.04 3,906,733 2.20 years $ 129.89 148,958 $ 141.77 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2.16 Income taxes The provision for income taxes comprises: [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 1999 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Current taxes Domestic taxes $ 5,315,961 $ 2,505,952 $ 777,351 Foreign taxes 10,525,168 6,538,256 4,725,726 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15,841,129 9,044,208 5,503,077 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deferred taxes Domestic taxes (769,304) (850,891) (625,427) Foreign taxes - - - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (769,304) (850,891) (625,427) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Aggregate taxes $ 15,071,825 $ 8,193,317 $ 4,877,650 ======================================================================================================================= The tax effects of significant temporary differences that resulted in deferred tax assets and liabilities and a description of the financial statement items that created these differences are as follows: [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Deferred tax assets: Property, plant and equipment $ 1,519,016 $ 2,480,883 $ 2,315,375 Accounts receivable 1,587,629 110,000 - Investments 1,598,712 - - Others 217,842 85,383 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4,923,199 2,676,266 2,315,375 Less: Valuation allowance (1,587,629) (110,000) (600,000) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net deferred tax assets $ 3,335,570 $ 2,566,266 $ 1,715,375 ============================================================================================================ In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of the projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes that it is more likely than not the company will realize the benefits of those deductible differences, net of the existing valuation differences at March 31, 2001. The amount of the deferred tax assets considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carry forward period are reduced. All deferred tax expenses / (benefits) are allocated to the continuing operations of the company. A reconciliation of the income tax provision to the amount computed by applying the statutory income tax rate to the income before provision for income taxes is summarized below. [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net income before taxes $ 147,019,929 $ 69,537,845 $ 22,323,738 Enacted tax rates in India 39.55% 38.50% 35.00% Computed expected tax expense 58,146,382 26,772,070 7,813,308 Less: Tax effect due to non-taxable export income (57,334,527) (24,019,942) (7,680,942) Others 3,437,865 (1,121,972) 19,558 Effect of tax rate change (8,077) (29,771) - Effect of prior period tax adjustments 305,014 54,676 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Provision for Indian income tax 4,546,657 1,655,061 151,924 Effect of tax on foreign income 10,525,168 6,538,256 3,701,898 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Effect of prior period foreign tax adjustments - - 1,023,828 Aggregate taxes $ 15,071,825 $ 8,193,317 $ 4,877,650 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The provision for foreign taxes is due to income taxes payable overseas, principally in the United States of America. The company benefits from certain significant tax incentives provided to software firms under Indian tax laws. These incentives presently include: (i) an exemption from payment of Indian corporate income taxes for a period of ten consecutive years of operation of software development facilities designated as "Software Technology Parks" (the "STP Tax Holiday"); and (ii) a tax deduction for profits derived from exporting computer software (the "Export Deduction"). All but one of the company's software development facilities are located in a designated Software Technology Park ("STP"). The Government of India has recently amended the tax incentives available to companies set up in designated STPs. The period of the STP tax holiday available to such companies is restricted to 10 consecutive years beginning from the financial year when the unit started producing computer software or March 31, 2000, whichever is earlier. Additionally, the export deduction will be phased out equally over a period of five years starting from fiscal 2000.
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2.17 Earnings per share The following is a reconciliation of the equity shares used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per equity share: [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Basic earnings per equity share - weighted average number of common shares outstanding excluding unallocated shares of ESOP 65,771,256 65,659,625 61,378,850 Effect of dilutive common equivalent shares - stock options outstanding 943,483 204,365 128,530 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Diluted earnings per equity share - weighted average number of common shares and common equivalent shares outstanding 66,714,739 65,863,990 61,507,380 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.18 Financial instruments Foreign exchange forward contracts The company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to offset the foreign currency risk arising from the accounts receivable denominated in currencies other than the Indian rupee, primarily the U.S. dollar. The counter party to the company's foreign currency forward contracts is generally a bank. Management believes that the risks or economic consequences of non-performance by the counter party are not material to its financial position or results of operations. There were no significant foreign exchange gains and losses on foreign exchange forward contracts during fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999. As of March 31, 2001 and 2000, the company had open foreign exchange forward contracts in the amounts of $ 20,000,000 and Nil, respectively. 2.19 Segment reporting SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information, establishes standards for the way that public business enterprises report information about operating segments and related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas, and major customers. The company's operations predominantly relate to providing IT solutions, delivered to customers located globally, across various industry segments. In the previous year, the company provided segmental disclosures based on the geographical segment. However, in the current fiscal year, the Chief Operating Decision Maker evaluates the company's performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by industry classes and geographic segmentation of customers. Accordingly, revenues represented along industry classes comprise the principal basis of segmental information set out in these financial statements. Secondary segmental reporting is performed on the basis of the geographical location of customers. The accounting principles consistently used in the preparation of the financial statements are consistently applied to record revenue and expenditure in individual segments, and are as set out in the summary of significant accounting policies. Industry segments for the company are primarily financial services comprising enterprises providing banking finance and insurance services, manufacturing enterprises, enterprises in the telecommunications ("telecom") and retail industries, and others such as utilities, transportation and logistics companies. Revenue in relation to segments is categorized based on items that are individually identifiable to that segment, while expenditure is categorized in relation to the associated turnover of the segment. Certain expenses such as depreciation, which form a significant component of total expenses, are not specifically allocable to specific segments as the underlying services are used interchangeably. Management believes that it is not practical to provide segment disclosures relating to those costs and expenses, and accordingly these expenses are separately disclosed as "unallocated" and adjusted only against the total income of the company. Geographic segmentation is driven based on the location of the respective client. North America comprises the United States of America, Canada and Mexico; Europe includes continental Europe (both the east and the west), Ireland and the United Kingdom; and the Rest of the World comprising all other places except those mentioned above and India. Fixed assets used in the company's business are not identified to any of the reportable segments, as these are used interchangeably between segments. Management believes that it is currently not practicable to provide segment disclosures relating to total assets and liabilities since a meaningful segregation of the available data is onerous. Geographical information on revenue and industry revenue information is collated based on individual customers invoiced or in relation to which the revenue is otherwise recognized.
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2.19.1 Industry segments [Enlarge/Download Table] Year ended March 31, 2001 (in $) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Financial Manufacturing Telecom Retail Others Total services ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Revenues 139,616,739 74,004,867 76,412,722 37,684,446 86,131,736 413,850,510 Identifiable operating expenses 49,021,150 28,363,069 19,219,376 11,893,574 26,233,048 134,730,217 Allocated expenses 38,589,808 19,736,596 20,423,026 10,057,009 23,189,607 111,996,046 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Segmental operating income 52,005,781 25,905,202 36,770,320 15,733,863 36,709,081 167,124,247 Unallocable expenses 29,609,661 ----------- Operating income 137,514,586 Other income (expense), net 9,505,343 ----------- Net income before taxes 147,019,929 ----------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] Year ended March 31, 2000 (in $) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Financial Manufacturing Telecom Retail Others Total services ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Revenues 61,153,566 46,770,389 31,248,637 21,637,626 42,633,536 203,443,754 Identifiable operating expenses 23,665,914 16,612,901 10,222,455 6,349,884 15,971,172 72,822,326 Allocated expenses 16,326,836 11,955,090 8,010,255 5,544,554 10,899,835 52,736,570 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Segmental operating income 21,160,816 18,202,398 13,015,927 9,743,188 15,762,529 77,884,858 Unallocable expenses 17,385,805 ----------- Operating income 60,499,053 Other income (expense), net 9,038,792 ----------- Net income before taxes 69,537,845 ----------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] Year ended March 31, 1999 (in $) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Financial Manufacturing Telecom Retail Others Total services ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Revenues 28,194,176 29,715,264 17,205,400 16,614,712 29,225,674 120,955,226 Identifiable operating expenses 10,781,807 9,764,221 5,548,040 5,532,826 10,493,354 42,120,248 Allocated expenses 7,461,572 7,512,683 4,340,288 4,230,432 7,343,751 30,888,726 Segmental operating income 9,950,797 12,438,360 7,317,072 6,851,454 11,388,569 47,946,252 Unallocable expenses 25,073,625 ----------- Operating income 22,872,627 Equity in loss of deconsolidated subsidiary (2,085,887) Other income (expense), net 1,536,998 ----------- Net income before taxes 22,323,738 ----------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2.19 Segment reporting (continued) [Enlarge/Download Table] 2.19.2 Geographic segments Year ended March 31, 2001 (in $) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- North America Europe India Rest of the Total World ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Revenues 304,242,537 77,892,656 5,778,286 25,937,031 413,850,510 Identifiable operating expenses 96,358,758 27,210,316 1,943,571 9,217,572 134,730,217 Allocated expenses 82,053,059 20,951,885 1,866,259 7,124,843 111,996,046 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Segmental operating income 125,830,720 29,730,455 1,968,456 9,594,616 167,124,247 Unallocable expenses 29,609,661 ----------- Operating income 137,514,586 Other income (expense), net 9,505,343 ----------- Net income before taxes 147,019,929 ----------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ended March 31, 2000 (in $) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- North America Europe India Rest of the Total World ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Revenues 158,723,649 30,064,939 2,912,091 11,743,075 203,443,754 Identifiable operating expenses 54,672,143 12,722,875 913,895 4,513,413 72,822,326 Allocated expenses 40,875,291 7,759,319 1,061,766 3,040,194 52,736,570 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Segmental operating income 63,176,215 9,582,745 936,430 4,189,468 77,884,858 Unallocable expenses 17,385,805 ----------- Operating income 60,499,053 Other income (expense), net 9,038,792 ----------- Net income before taxes 69,537,845 ----------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ended March 31, 1999 (in $) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- North America Europe India Rest of the Total World ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Revenues 99,203,989 11,302,791 2,051,492 8,396,954 120,955,226 Identifiable operating expenses 33,730,337 4,539,059 695,267 3,155,585 42,120,248 Allocated expenses 25,127,762 2,879,857 670,851 2,210,256 30,888,726 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------- Segmental operating income 40,345,890 3,883,875 685,374 3,031,113 47,946,252 Unallocable expenses 25,073,625 ----------- Operating income 22,872,627 Equity in loss of deconsolidated subsidiary (2,085,887) Other income (expense), net 1,536,998 ----------- Net income before taxes 22,323,738 ----------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.19.3 Significant clients No clients individually accounted for more than 10% of the revenues in fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. 2.20 Commitments and contingencies The company has outstanding performance guarantees for various statutory purposes totaling $ 1,126,611, $ 1,207,110 and $ 760,329 as of March 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. These guarantees are generally provided to governmental agencies. 2.21 Litigation The company is subject to legal proceedings and claims, which have arisen, in the ordinary course of its business. These actions, when ultimately concluded and determined, will not, in the opinion of management, have a material effect on the results of operations or the financial position of the company. 2.22 Post balance sheet date events The board of directors of the company declared a dividend of $ 10,656,913 at their meeting held on April 11, 2001. Dividend taxes payable on the same amount to $ 1,087,005.
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2.23 Non-monetary transaction In fiscal 2001, the company transferred certain Intellectual Property Rights ("IPR") that it had developed and owned in a product called Onscan to OnMobile Systems Inc. (formerly Onscan Inc). Onscan is a comprehensive web-enabled wireless notification product. In exchange for the transfer, the company received consideration in the form of securities including 100,000 Common Stock, par value $ 0.001 each, 100,000 Series A Voting Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $ 0.001 each and 4,400,000 Series A Nonvoting Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $ 0.001 each. Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into Common Stock automatically upon the closing of an Initial Public Offering by Onscan Inc. As of March 31, 2001, the company's controlling interest in OnMobile Systems Inc. was approximately 12%. The transfer was recorded at historic cost and, accordingly, no gain was recognized on this transaction as of the date of transfer of the IPR. 2.24 Recent accounting pronouncements Effective April 1, 2001, Infosys adopted SFAS 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities as amended, when the pronouncement became effective for companies with fiscal year ending March 31, 2001. SFAS 133 will change the accounting treatment of derivative contracts (including foreign exchange contracts) that are employed to manage risks. It establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts and for hedging activities. All derivatives, whether designated in hedging relationships or not, are required to be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting treatment of changes in fair value is dependent upon whether or not a derivative instrument is designated as a hedge and if so, the type of hedge. If the derivative is designated as a fair value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the derivative and of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings. If the derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portions of changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded in other comprehensive income and are recognized in the income statement when the hedged item affects earnings. Ineffective portions of changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are recognized in earnings. The company observes that the net amount reflected in current earnings under the new rules will be substantially similar to the amounts under existing accounting practice.
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Form 20-F -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pages 132 to 168
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Shareholder information ________________________________________________________________________________ . Shareholder information . Frequently asked questions (FAQ) . Additional information to shareholders - Share performance chart - Intangible assets scoresheet - Human resources accounting and value-added statement - Brand valuation - Balance sheet (including intangible assets) - Current cost adjusted financial statements - Economic value-added (EVA) statement - Ratio analysis - Statutory obligations . Management structure . A historical perspective . Infosys Foundation
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Shareholder information ________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Dates of book closure May 16 to June 2 (both days inclusive) 2. Date and venue of the 3.00 p.m. on June 2, 2001 at the J.N. Tata annual general meeting Auditorium, National Science Seminar Complex Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560 012, India 3. Dividend payment On or after June 2, 2001, but within the statutory time limit 4. Listing on stock exchanges Bangalore Stock Exchange Ltd. (BSE) in India at Stock Exchange Towers, No. 51, 1 Cross, J. C. Road, Bangalore - 560 027, India Tel.: +91-80-299 5234, Fax: +91-80-299 5242 The Stock Exchange, Mumbai (BSE) Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers, Dalal Street, Mumbai - 400 001, India Tel.: +91-22-265 5581, Fax: +91-22-265 8121 National Stock Exchange of India Ltd.(NSE) Trade World, Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai - 400 013, India Tel.: +91-22-497 2950, Fax: +91-22-491 4275 / 85 5. Listing fees Paid for all the above stock exchanges for 2000-2001 6. Listing on stock exchanges NASDAQ National Market in the United States outside India 33 Whitehall Street, New York, NY-1004-4087 Tel.: +1-212-709-2400, Fax: +1-212-709-2496 7. Registered office Electronics City, Hosur Road, Bangalore - 561 229, India Tel.:+91-80-8520261,Fax:+91- 80-8520362 Homepage: www.infy.com 8. Share transfers in physical Karvy Consultants Limited Registrars and form and other communication Share Transfer Agents T.K.N. Complex, No. regarding share certificates, 51/2, Vanivilas Road Opp. National College, dividends, and change of Basavanagudi Bangalore - 560 004, India address, etc. in India may be Tel.: +91-80-662 1184, Fax: +91-80-662 1169 addressed to E-mail: bangalore@karvy.com 9. Share transfer system Shares sent for physical transfer are generally registered and returned within a period of 15 days from the date of receipt, if the documents are clear in all respects. The share transfer committee of the company meets as often as required. The total number of shares transferred in physical form during the year 2000-01 was 11,356 (previous year - 3,35,878). 87.67% of transfers (previous year - 99.16%) were completed within 15 days. [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ended March 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transfer No. of No. of No. of No. of period transferees (folios) shares % transferees (folios) shares % in days New Existing New Existing 1- 10 15 4 9,556 84.15 87 36 3,25,068 96.78 11- 15 1 - 400 3.52 22 7 8,010 2.38 16- 20 3 - 1,400 12.33 5 - 1,400 0.42 21 and above* - - - - 5 3 1,400 0.42 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 4 11,356 100.00 119 46 3,35,878 100.00 ========================================================================================================================= * Delays beyond 21 days were due to compliance with legal requirements.
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10. Stock market data relating to shares listed in India a. The company's market capitalization is included in the computation of the BSE-30 Sensitive Index (Sensex), the BSE Dollex and S&P CNX NIFTY Index. b. Monthly high and low quotations, as well as, the volume of shares traded at Mumbai, National and Bangalore Stock Exchanges for 2000-01 are: [Enlarge/Download Table] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BSE NSE BgSE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- High Low Volume High Low Volume High Low Volume Rs. Rs. Nos. Rs. Rs. Nos. Rs. Rs. Nos. April 2000 10,626 6,651 38,63,008 10,601 6,671 38,41,367 10,568 6,541 23,243 May 8,780 5,600 80,35,618 8,740 5,525 1,06,05,877 8,749 5,501 57,567 June 8,938 6,801 75,60,300 8,950 6,833 84,59,664 8,895 6,806 73,934 July 8,815 6,401 91,78,299 8,812 6,355 88,47,755 8,790 6,400 44,147 August 8,617 6,255 1,00,98,169 8,603 6,256 1,26,23,716 8,500 6,230 64,163 September 8,930 6,950 1,40,65,483 8,949 6,975 1,33,52,783 8,998 6,985 74,460 October 7,714 6,102 1,41,69,566 7,725 6,120 1,57,50,857 7,700 6,110 59,794 November 8,042 7,150 1,08,26,217 8,014 7,160 1,28,90,086 8,025 7,150 47,303 December 7,680 5,416 1,51,85,245 8,042 5,422 1,67,18,910 7,872 5,411 45,266 January 2001 6,988 5,475 1,83,36,214 6,940 5,484 1,98,28,472 7,100 5,502 56,355 February 6,900 5,540 1,00,60,615 6,910 5,536 1,17,73,048 6,880 5,550 28,539 March 6,294 3,741 1,03,15,855 6,250 3,765 1,24,75,281 6,380 3,755 32,209 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 13,16,94,589 14,71,67,816 6,06,980 % of volume traded to average 2000-01 205.55% 229.70% 0.95% shares outstanding 1999-00 76.27% 78.09% 0.10% 1998-99 102.41% 131.42% - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The number of shares outstanding is 6,40,70,000. The American Depositary Shares (ADSs) have been excluded for the purpose of this calculation. 11. Investors' services - complaints received during the year [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ended March 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nature of complaints Received Attended to Received Attended to ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Non-receipt of share certificates 1 1 9 9 2. Non-receipt of bonus shares / split shares 8 8 67 67 3. Letters from stock exchanges, SEBI, etc. 2 2 1 1 4. Non-receipt of dividend warrants 88 88 45 45 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99 99 122 122 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The company has attended to most of the investors' grievances/correspondence within a period of 10 days from the date of receipt of the same, during the years 2000-01 and 1999-2000, except in cases that are constrained by disputes or legal impediments. 12. Legal proceedings There are some pending cases relating to disputes over title to shares, in which the company is made a party. However, these cases are not material in nature.
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13. Distribution of shareholding as on March 31 [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ No. of equity No. of % of No. of % of No. of % of No. of % of shares held share- share- shares share- share- share- shares share- holders holders holding holders holders holding ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1- 100 77,725 86.71 9,83,502 1.53 34,563 74.63 8,15,853 1.27 101-200 2,739 3.06 4,39,999 0.69 2,560 5.53 7,29,086 1.14 201-500 3,131 3.49 10,83,761 1.69 2,845 6.14 12,54,656 1.96 501-1000 2,586 2.88 19,03,875 2.97 2,695 5.82 21,81,550 3.41 1001- 5000 2,715 3.03 55,96,755 8.74 2,972 6.42 63,90,248 9.97 5001-10000 313 0.35 22,32,869 3.48 340 0.73 25,38,044 3.96 10001 and above 433 0.48 5,14,25,033 80.27 338 0.73 4,99,07,070 77.90 NSDL transit - - 4,04,206 0.63 - - 2,52,293 0.39 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 89,642 100.00 6,40,70,000 100.00 46,313 100.00 6,40,68,800 100.00 Equity shares underlying 1 20,88,117 1 20,81,900 American Depositary Shares* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 89,643 6,61,58,117 46,314 6,61,50,700 ======================================================================================================================== * Held by beneficial owners outside India. 14. Categories of shareholders as on March 31 [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Category No. of Voting No. of No. of Voting No. of shareholders strength (%) shares held shareholders strength (%) shares held ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Individuals 84,881 24.03 1,58,96,476 43,364 26.87 1,77,74,390 Companies 3,478 1.50 9,94,196 2,220 1.78 11,75,866 FIIs 383 28.90 1,91,14,466 270 24.38 1,61,27,027 OCBs and NRIs 675 0.75 4,97,918 299 0.75 4,95,267 Founders and their families 23 29.15 1,92,87,560 23 29.30 1,93,81,960 Mutual funds, banks, FIs 202 11.90 78,75,178 137 13.39 88,61,997 NSDL transit - 0.61 4,04,206 - 0.38 2,52,293 Equity shares underlying 1 3.16 20,88,117 1 3.15 20,81,900 American Depositary Shares* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 89,643 100.00 6,61,58,117 46,314 100.00 6,61,50,700 ======================================================================================================================== * Held by beneficial owners outside India. 15. Shares under lock-in Employee Stock Offer Plan (ESOP) 1994 Details of shares of par value of Rs. 5 each held by employees under the Employee Stock Offer Plan (ESOP) 1994 subject to lock-in are given below. These shares are also included in the categories of shareholders given in (14) above. No. of shares subject to lock-in as on March 31 [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 Period of lock-in No. of shares No. of employees No. of shares No. of employees 3-4 years - - 7,82,000 1,033 2-3 years 7,50,200 994 5,00,400 340 1-2 years 4,79,600 329 2,04,000 151 0-1 year 1,91,400 144 2,57,200 105 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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As on March 31, 2001, 529 employees hold rights to 3,30,000 shares of par value of Rs. 5 each, which are subject to a lock-in of 3-4 years. Currently, 1,544 employees hold shares under the 1994 Stock Offer Plan. Shares subject to lock-in held by the employees will be transferred back to the ITL Employees Welfare Trust if such employees leave the services of the company before the vesting period. As on March 31, 2001, the ITL Employees Welfare Trust holds 2,57,400 shares of par value of Rs. 5 each that are not subject to further grants as the 1994 Stock Offer Plan has since been terminated. Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) 1998 The company established the 1998 Stock Option Plan, which provides for the grant of non-statutory stock options and incentive stock options to the employees of the company. This plan was approved by the board of directors in December 1997, and by the shareholders in January 1998. The Government of India has approved the 1998 plan, subject to a limit of 14,70,000 equity shares of par value of Rs. 5 each, representing 29,40,000 ADSs to be issued under the plan. During the year, options were granted to 752 employees to acquire 9,64,840 ADSs, corresponding to 4,82,420 equity shares of par value of Rs. 5 each. During the year, 20 employees exercised the options to acquire 12,434 ADSs, corresponding to 6,217 shares of par value of Rs. 5 each. As on March 31, 2001, 757 employees hold options to acquire 15,65,506 ADSs, corresponding to 7,82,753 equity shares of par value of Rs. 5 each. Details of the number of ADSs options granted and exercised are given below. No. of options granted and exercised [Enlarge/Download Table] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Granted Exercised Balance ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year No. of ADSs No. of ADSs ADSs employees (net) employees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1999 31 4,01,400 32 34,534 3,66,866 2000 64 2,63,100 5 1,700 2,61,400 2001 735 9,37,240 - - 9,37,240 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 16,01,740 36,234 15,65,506 ========================================================================================================== Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) 1999 The 1999 plan was approved by the board of directors and the shareholders in June 1999, and was instituted in fiscal 2000. The plan provides for the issue of 66,00,000 equity shares of par value of Rs. 5 each to the employees. During the year, options were granted to 9,376 employees to acquire 19,57,830 equity shares of par value of Rs. 5 each. During the year, 22 employees exercised the options to acquire 1,200 shares of par value of Rs. 5 each. As on March 31, 2001, 9,170 employees hold options to acquire 27,93,980 shares of par value of Rs. 5 each. Details of shares of par value of Rs. 5 each held by employees under the Employee Stock Offer Plan (ESOP) 1999, are given below. No. of options granted and exercised [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Granted Exercised Balance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of employees shares (net) employees shares shares ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2000 1,150 9,46,000 22 1,200 9,44,800 2001 8,713 18,49,180 - - 18,49,180 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 27,95,180 1,200 27,93,980 ======================================================================================================================= 16. Dematerialization of shares and liquidity Your company was the first in India to pay a one-time custodial fee of Rs. 44.43 lakh to National Securities Depositary Limited (NSDL). Consequently, the company's shareholders do not have to pay depositary participants, the custodial fee charged by the NSDL on their holding. Over 98% of the company's shares are now held in electronic form. 17. Financial calendar (tentative and subject to change) [Enlarge/Download Table] Annual General Meeting June 02, 2001 Financial reporting for the first quarter ending June 30, 2001 July 10, 2001 Financial reporting for the second quarter ending September 30, 2001 October 10, 2001 Interim dividend payment (if any) November, 2001 Financial reporting for the third quarter ending December 31, 2001 January 10, 2002 Financial results for the year ending March 31, 2002 April 10, 2002 Annual General Meeting for the year ending March 31, 2002 May / June, 2002
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[Enlarge/Download Table] 18. Investors' correspondence in India Any queries relating to the financial may be addressed to: statements of the company may be addressed to: The Company Secretary Mr. T. V. Mohandas Pai Investors' Service Cell Director (F&A) and CFO Infosys Technologies Ltd., Electronics City Infosys Technologies Ltd., Electronics City Hosur Road, Bangalore - 561 229, India Hosur Road, Bangalore - 561 229, India Tel.: +91-80-852 0440, Fax: +91-80-852 0362 Tel.: +91-80-852 0396, Fax: +91-80-852 0362 E-mail: balakv@infy.com E-mail: mdpai@infy.com [Enlarge/Download Table] 19. Reuters code- INFY.BO (BSE) Bridge code - IN;INF (BSE) Bloomberg code- INFO IN (BSE) - INFY.NS (NSE) - IN;INFN (NSE) - NINFO IN (NSE) - INFY.O (NASDAQ) - US;INFY (NASDAQ) 20. Stock market data relating to American Depositary Shares (ADSs) a. ADS listed at NASDAQ National Market in the United States b. Ratio of ADS to equity shares 2 ADS for one equity share c. ADS symbol INFY d. The American Depositary Shares issued under the ADS program of the company were listed on the NASDAQ National Market in the United States on March 11, 1999. The monthly high and low quotations as well as the volume of ADSs traded at the NASDAQ National Market for the year ended March 31, 2001, are: [Enlarge/Download Table] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- High Low Volume --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ Rs. $ Rs. Nos. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- April 2000 284.56 24,837 131.13 11,445 5,999,400 May 214.50 19,116 130.75 11,652 3,698,600 June 199.94 17,850 154.38 13,783 1,888,300 July 186.94 16,776 120.00 10,769 2,533,000 August 169.13 15,475 96.50 8,830 3,700,100 September 164.00 15,091 121.00 11,134 2,045,300 October 137.55 12,839 105.13 9,813 2,584,900 November 147.25 13,800 112.00 10,497 1,372,600 December 141.50 13,213 90.06 8,410 2,963,900 January 2001 131.38 6,093 86.13 3,994 2,536,300 February 123.00 5,737 86.75 4,046 2,661,200 March 92.94 4,327 60.13 2,799 5,009,600 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 36,993,200 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % of volume traded to total float 885.80% 2 ADS = 1 equity share The number of ADSs outstanding is 4,176,234 US$ have been converted into Indian rupees at the monthly closing rates e. Premium of American Depositary Shares over the shares traded on the Indian stock exchanges. The ADS price quoted below is in Indian rupees and has been converted at the monthly closing rates.
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[CHART APPEARS HERE] f. Investor correspondence in P. R. Ganapathy the US may be addressed to Investor Relations Officer Infosys Technologies Limited 34760, Campus Drive Fremont CA 94555, USA Tel.: +1-510-742-3030, Mobile: +1-510-872- 4412 Fax: +1-510-742-2930, E-mail: guns@infy.com g. Name and address of the Deutsche Bank A.G. depositary bank Corporate Trust and Agency Services 4 Albany Street New York, NY 10006, USA Tel.: +1-212-250-8500, Fax: +1-212-250- 5644 Corporate Trust and Agency Services Deutsche Bank A.G. 1/st/ Floor, Kodak House 222, Dr. D. N. Road Fort, Mumbai - 400 001, India Tel.: +91-22-207 3262, Fax: +91-22-207 9614 i. Name and address of the ICICI Limited custodian in India ICICI Towers Bandra Kurla Complex Mumbai - 400 051, India Tel.: +91-22-653 1414, Fax: +91-22-653 1164/65
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Frequently asked questions ________________________________________________________________________________ 1. What is an American Depositary Share ("ADS")? Ans: An ADS is a negotiable certificate evidencing ownership of an outstanding class of stock in a non-US company. ADSs are created when ordinary shares are delivered to a custodian bank in the domestic market, which then instructs a depositary bank in the US to issue ADSs based on a predetermined ratio. ADSs are SEC registered securities and may trade freely, just like any other security, either on an exchange or in the over- the-counter market. 2. What is the difference between an ADS and a GDR? Ans: ADSs and GDRs (Global Depositary Receipts) are the same in their functionality - they both evidence ownership of foreign securities deposited with a custodian bank. ADSs represent securities that are listed in the United States, while GDRs represent securities listed outside of the United States, typically in London. 3. Do the ADSs have voting rights? Ans: Yes. In the event of a matter submitted to the holders of ordinary shares for a vote, the ADS holders on record as at a particular date will be allowed to instruct the depositary bank to exercise the vote in respect of the equity shares representing the ADS held by them. 4. Are the ADSs entitled to cash dividends? Ans: Yes, whenever dividends are paid to ordinary shareholders. Cash dividends to ADS holders are declared in local currency and paid in dollars (based on the prevailing exchange rate) by the depositary bank, net of the depositary's fees and expenses. 5. Does Infosys have a dividend reinvestment program or dividend stock purchase plan? Ans: Infosys does not offer a dividend reinvestment program or dividend stock program, at present. 6. Where and in which year was Infosys incorporated? Ans: Infosys was incorporated in Mumbai, in the state of Maharashtra, in India, on July 2, 1981. 7. When did Infosys have its initial public offer (IPO) and what was the initial listing price? Was there any follow-on offering? Ans: Infosys made an initial public offer in February 1993 and was listed on stock exchanges in India in June 1993. Trading opened at Rs. 145 per share compared to the IPO price of Rs. 95 per share. In October 1994, Infosys made a private placement of 5,50,000 shares at Rs. 450 each to Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs), Financial Institutions (FIs) and Corporates. During March 1999, Infosys issued 20,70,000 ADSs (equivalent to 10,35,000 equity shares of par value of Rs. 10 each) at $ 34 per ADS under the American Depositary Shares Program and the same were listed on the NASDAQ National Market. 8. Which are the stock exchanges where Infosys shares are listed and traded? Ans: Shares of Infosys are listed and traded in India on the Bangalore Stock Exchange, The Stock Exchange, Mumbai, and the National Stock Exchange, Mumbai. The ADSs of Infosys are traded on the NASDAQ National Market in the US. 9. What are the Reuters, Bridge and Bloomberg codes for Infosys stock? [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ans: Exchange Reuters code Bridge code Bloomberg code ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Stock Exchange, Mumbai, India INFY.BO IN;INF INFO IN National Stock Exchange, India INFY.NS IN;INFN NINFO IN Nasdaq, USA INFY.O US;INFY - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10. What is the Infosys ADS ratio? Ans: Each Infosys ADS represents one-half of one ordinary equity share of Infosys. 11. What is the symbol for Infosys ADS and where is it traded? Ans: The symbol is "INFY" and the same is traded on the NASDAQ National Market in the US. 12. When is the next earnings release? What is the fiscal year of Infosys? Ans: The tentative dates of earnings releases are given below. The earnings release date will also be posted on the website www.infy.com, after announcement to the stock exchanges. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Earnings release date (tentative and subject to change) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- First quarter ending June 30, 2001 July 10, 2001 Second quarter ending September 30, 2001 October 10, 2001 Third quarter ending December 31, 2001 January 10, 2002 Year ending March 31, 2002 April 10, 2002 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- The fiscal year of the company is the period of 12 months starting April 1, every year.
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13. What is the employee strength of Infosys? Ans: As of March 31, 2001, Infosys had 9,831 employees, as compared to 5,389 on March 31, 2000, on a full-time basis. The distribution of the employees is: [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Software development including trainees 8,656 88.05% 4,623 85.79% Support services 1,175 11.95% 766 14.21% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 9,831 100.00% 5,389 100.00% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The gender classification of the employees is: Male 8,140 82.80% 4,558 84.58% Female 1,691 17.20% 831 15.42% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 9,831 100.00% 5,389 100.00% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The age profile of employees is: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between 20 and 25 years 6,030 62% 3,057 57% Between 26 and 30 years 2,794 28% 1,659 31% Between 31 and 40 years 870 9% 579 11% Between 41 and 50 years 120 1% 83 1% Between 51 and 60 years 17 - 11 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 9,831 100% 5,389 100% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14. Does Infosys issue quarterly reports? Ans: Yes. Infosys issues audited quarterly reports conforming to the Indian GAAP and unaudited quarterly reports conforming to the US GAAP, and the same are mailed to all the shareholders. 15. How do I transfer my shares in India or change my address with the transfer agent? Ans: To transfer shares in physical form, you have to write to the company's registrars: Karvy Consultants Limited Registrars and Share Transfer Agents T.K.N. Complex, No. 51/2, Vanivilas Road, Opp. National College, Basavanagudi, Bangalore - 560 004, India Tel.: +91-80-662 1184, Fax: +91-80-662 1169, E-mail: bangalore@karvy.com or write to: The Company Secretary Infosys Technologies Limited Electronics City, Hosur Road Bangalore - 561 229, India Tel.: +91-80-852 1518, Fax: +91-80-852 0362 You can also address your queries to the e-mail id: balakv@infy.com. Transfer of shares in electronic form is effected through your depositary participant. General correspondence regarding shares may be addressed to the company's registrars, Karvy Consultants Limited, or to The Company Secretary, Infosys Technologies Limited. 16. Who are the depositary and custodian for the ADS program? Ans:Depositary Deutsche Bank A.G. Corporate Trust and Agency Services 4 Albany Street, New York, NY 10006, USA Tel.: +1-212-250-8500, Fax: +1-212-250-5644 Custodian ICICI Limited ICICI Towers Bandra Kurla Complex Mumbai - 400 051, India Tel.: +91-22-653 1414, Fax: +91-22-653 1164/65
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17. What is the history of bonus issues (equivalent to stock split in the form of stock dividend) and stock split at Infosys? [Enlarge/Download Table] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ans: Year 1986 1989 1991 1992 1994 1997 1999 2000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bonus issue ratio 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stock split ratio 2 for 1 2 for 1 2 for 1 2 for 1 2 for 1 2 for 1 2 for 1 2 for 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The company completed a 2-for-1 stock split (i.e., a subdivision of every equity share of par value of Rs. 10 each into two equity shares of par value of Rs. 5 each) during fiscal 2000. 18. How many software development centers does Infosys have? Ans: Infosys has 16 development centers in India - five in Bangalore, two each in Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Mangalore and Pune, and one each in Hyderabad, Mohali and Mysore. Infosys has one global development center in Toronto, Canada. In addition, there are six proximity development centers in Fremont, Boston, Chicago, New Jersey, Phoenix, Arizona in the US and in London, UK. 19. How many marketing offices does Infosys have? Ans: There are 21 marketing offices overseas, of which 9 are located in the US, two in Australia, one each in the UK, Germany, Canada, Japan, Belgium, Sweden, Hong Kong, Sharjah, Argentina and France. Besides these, there are four marketing offices in India. 20. What is the employee strength and revenue growth since 1995? Ans: The employee strength and revenue growth since 1995 is as follows: As per US GAAP [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fiscal year ended Total no. of Growth Net revenues Growth Net income Growth March 31 employees % in $ million % in $ million % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1995 903 58 18.11 90 3.96 48 1996 1,172 30 26.61 47 6.82 72 1997 1,705 45 39.59 49 8.64 27 1998 2,605 53 68.33 73 13.86* 60 1999 3,766 45 120.96 77 30.35* 119 2000 5,389 43 203.44 68 61.34 102 2001 9,831 82 413.85 103 131.95 115 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * This excludes a one-time deferred stock compensation expense arising from stock split amounting to $ 12,906,962 and $ 1,519,739 in fiscal 1999 and 1998, respectively. As per Indian GAAP [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fiscal year ended Total no. of Growth Revenue Growth PAT* Growth March 31 employees % in Rs. crore % in Rs. crore % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1995 903 58 57.70 92 13.32 65 1996 1,172 30 93.41 62 21.01 58 1997 1,705 45 143.81 54 33.68 60 1998 2,605 53 260.37 81 60.36 79 1999 3,766 45 512.74 97 132.92 120 2000 5,389 43 921.46 80 285.95 115 2001 9,831 82 1,959.94 113 623.32 118 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * From ordinary activities 21. Does Infosys pay dividends? What is the dividend policy of Infosys? Ans: Currently, Infosys pays dividend to its shareholders. The current dividend policy is to distribute up to 20% of the PAT as dividend. The board of directors reviews the dividend policy periodically. 22. How do I contact Infosys by telephone, mail or in person? Ans: Members of the press can contact the following members of Infosys' management for any information. N. R. Narayana Murthy, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Tel: +91-80-852 0363 / 852 0399 Nandan M. Nilekani, Managing Director, President and Chief Operating Officer Tel: +91-80-852 0351 T. V. Mohandas Pai, Director - Finance & Administration and Chief Financial Officer Tel: +91-80-852 0396
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The Infosys corporate mailing address is: Infosys Technologies Limited, 44, Electronics City, Hosur Road, Bangalore - 561 229, India. Tel.: +91-80-852 0261, Fax: +91-80-852 0362 For direct correspondence, the general electronic address is infosys@infy.com. 23. Is there any investor relations contact in the US? Ans: Mr. P. R. Ganapathy, Investor Relations Officer, is based at the company's Fremont office and will be available at the following address to answer any queries from investors. Infosys Technologies Limited 34760, Campus Drive Fremont CA 94555, USA Tel.: +1-510-742-3030, Mobile: +1-510-872-4412 ---------------------------------------------- Fax: +1-510-742-2930, E-mail: guns@infy.com -------------------------------------------- 24. Is there any investor relations contact in India? Ans: Mr. Sumanth Cidambi, Investor Relations Officer, is based at the company's corporate office in Bangalore, India and will be available at the following address to answer any queries from investors. Infosys Technologies Limited 44, Electronics City, Hosur Road Bangalore 561 229, India Tel.: +91-80-8520261 Extn. 7904, +91-80-8522380 (Direct) Fax: +91-80-8520362, E-mail: sumanthc@infy.com 25. Does the company have a disclosure policy? Ans: Yes. The company has a written disclosure policy, which covers interacting with all external constituents like analysts, fund managers, media, etc. 26. Does the company have any quiet periods? Ans: Yes. The company follows quiet periods prior to its earnings release every quarter. During the quiet period, the company or any of its officials will not discuss earnings expectations with any external people. It starts from fifteenth of the month prior to the one in which the earnings are going to be released and ends on the date of announcement of the earnings numbers. Based on the tentative dates on which the earnings are going to be released in fiscal 2002, the tentative quiet period would be as follows: [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Earnings release date Quiet period ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ First quarter ending June 30, 2001 July 10, 2001 June 16 - July 10, 2001 Second quarter ending September 30, 2001 October 10, 2001 September 16 - October 10, 2001 Third quarter ending December 31, 2001 January 10, 2002 December 16 - January 10, 2002 Year ending March 31, 2002 April 10, 2002 March 16 - April 10, 2002 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 27. What has been the CAGR in revenues and net income in the last five years? Ans: The 5 year CAGR under Indian GAAP and US GAAP are [Enlarge/Download Table] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Indian GAAP US GAAP ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Revenues 84% Revenues 73% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PAT from ordinary activities 97% Net income 81% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Additional information to shareholders Share performance chart -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Infosys management consistently cautions that the stock price performance shown in the graph below should not be considered indicative of potential future stock price performance. [GRAPH APPEARS HERE]
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[GRAPH APPEARS HERE] The share price has been adjusted for two bonus issues made in fiscal 1998 and fiscal 1999, and a 2-for-1 stock split in fiscal 2000.
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Additional information to shareholders (contd.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Intangible assets scoresheet A knowledge-intensive company leverages knowhow, innovation and reputation to achieve success in the marketplace. Hence, these attributes should be measured and improved upon year after year to ensure continual success. Managing a knowledge organization necessitates a focus on the critical issues of organizational adoption, survival, and competence in the face of ever-increasing discontinuous environmental change. The profitability of a knowledge firm depends on its ability to leverage the learnability of its professionals, and in enhancing the re-usability of their knowledge and expertise. The stock price of a company is the result of the market's valuation of its earnings potential and growth prospects. Thus, the market provides a value to the off-balance-sheet assets of the company - that is, those assets which are invisible or which are not accounted for in the traditional financial statements. The intangible assets of a company include its brand; its ability to attract, develop and nurture a cadre of competent professionals; and its ability to attract and retain marque clients. Today's discerning investors take a critical look at both financial and non-financial parameters that determine the long-term success of a company. The non-financial parameters challenge the approach that evaluates companies solely on the traditional measures, as they appear in their financial reports. Thus, the intangible assets of the company have been receiving considerable attention from corporate leaders in recent years. The intangible assets of a company can be classified into four major categories - human resources, intellectual property assets, internal assets and external assets. Human resources Human resources represent the collective expertise, innovation, leadership, entrepreneurship and managerial skills endowed in the employees of an organization. Intellectual property assets Intellectual property assets include know-how, copyrights, patents, products and tools that are owned by a corporation. These assets are valued based on their commercial potential. A corporation derives its revenues by licensing these assets to outside users. Internal assets Internal assets are systems, technologies, methodologies, processes and tools that are specific to an organization. These assets give the organization a unique advantage over its competitors in the marketplace. These assets are not licensed to outsiders. Examples of internal assets include methodologies for assessing risk, methodologies for managing projects, risk policies, and communication systems. External assets External assets are the market-related intangibles that enhance the fitness of an organization for succeeding in the marketplace. Examples are customer loyalty (reflected by the repeat business of the company) and brand value. The score sheet Infosys published models for valuing the two most valuable, intangible assets of the company - human resources and the "Infosys" brand. The score sheet published is broadly adopted from the Intangible asset score sheet provided in the book titled The New Organizational Wealth written by Dr Karl-Erik Sveiby and published by Berrett-Koehler Publishers Inc., San Francisco. We believe such representation of intangible assets provides a tool to our investors for evaluating the market-worthiness of the company. The Infosys management cautions investors that these data are provided only as additional information to investors. Using such reports for predicting the future of Infosys, or any other company, is risky. The Infosys management is not responsible for any direct, indirect or consequential losses suffered by any person using these data.
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The Infosys intangible assets scoresheet [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Knowledge capital ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our clients Our organization (External structure) (Internal structure) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2000-2001 1999-2000 2000-2001 1999-2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Growth / renewal ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Revenue growth over 113 80 IT investment / value 9.32 7.47 previous year (%) added (%) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percentage of revenue from 52 47 R&D / 1.09 1.14 image-enhancing clients value added (%) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percentage of revenue 96 94 Total investment in 29.64 22.10 from exports organization / value added (%) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of new clients 122 99 added during the year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Efficiency ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sales / client 696 455 Average proportion 10.30 12.70 (in Rs. lakhs) of support staff (%) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sales per support staff 243 155 (in Rs. lakhs) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stability ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Repeat-business revenue/ 85 87 Average age of support 30.61 31.14 total revenue (%) staff (Years) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sales from the five largest 26.0 30.2 clients / total revenue (%) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sales from the ten largest 39.2 45.7 clients / total revenue (%) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Million dollar clients (Nos) 80 42 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Five-million dollar clients 19 10 (Nos) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ten-million dollar clients 11 4 (Nos) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our people (Competence) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2000-2001 1999-2000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Growth / renewal -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Revenue growth over Education index of all 28,725 15,544 previous year (%) staff -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percentage of revenue from image-enhancing clients -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percentage of revenue from exports -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of new clients added during the year -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Efficiency -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sales / client Value added per 22.14 17.71 (in Rs. lakhs) software engineer (in Rs. lakhs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Value added per employee 19.87 15.46 (in Rs. lakhs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stability -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Repeat-business revenue/ Average age of all 25.67 26.14 total revenue (%) employees (Years) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sales from the five largest clients / total revenue (%) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sales from the ten largest clients / total revenue (%) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Million dollar clients (Nos) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Five-million dollar clients (Nos) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ten-million dollar clients (Nos) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The above figures are based on Indian GAAP financial statements.
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Notes: . Marque or image-enhancing clients are those who enhance the company's market-worthiness, typically Fortune 1000 clients. Often they are reference clients for Infosys. . Sales per client is calculated by dividing total revenue, excluding other income, by the total number of clients. . Repeat business revenue is the revenue during current year from those clients who contributed to the revenue of the company during the previous year also. . Value-added is the revenue of the company less payment to all outside resources. The value-added statement is provided in the Additional information to shareholders section in this report. . IT investment includes all investments in hardware and software by the company. . Total investment in the organization is the investment in the fixed assets of the company. . Average proportion of support staff is the average number of support staff to average total staff strength of the company during the year. . Sales per support staff is Infosys revenue divided by the average number of support staff during the year (support staff exclude technical support staff. . Education index is shown as at the year-end, with primary education calculated as 1, secondary education as 2, and tertiary education as 3. Clients The growth in revenue is 113% this year, compared to 80%, in the previous year. The most valuable intangible asset of Infosys is its client base. Marque clients or image-enhancing clients contributed around 52% of revenue this year, as compared to 47% in the previous year. They give stability to our revenues and also reduce our marketing costs. The high percentage - 85% - of revenue from repeat orders during the current year is an indication of the satisfaction and loyalty of the clients. The top 5 and 10 clients contributed around 26% and 39%, respectively, of the company's revenue during the current year, as compared to 30% and 46%, respectively, during the previous year. The company's strategy is to increase its client base, and thereby reduce the risk of depending on a few large clients. During 2000- 2001, the company added 122 new clients. Organization During the current year, Infosys invested around 9% of the value-added on its IT infrastructure, and 1% of the value-added on R&D activities. A young, fast-growing organization requires efficiency in the area of support services. The average age of the support employees is 30.61 years, as against the previous year average age of 31.14 years. The sales per support staff, as well as, the proportion of support staff to the total organizational staff, have shown improvements over the previous year. People Infosys is in a people-oriented business. The education index of employees has gone up substantially to 28,725 from 15,544. This reflects the quality of employees at Infosys. The value-added per software engineer and the value-added per employee show an increasing trend. The average age of employees as of March 31, 2001 was 25.67 as compared to 26.14 as of March 31, 2000.
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Additional information to shareholders (contd.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Human resources accounting The dichotomy in accounting between human and non-human capital is fundamental. The latter is recognized as an asset and is therefore recorded in the books and reported in the financial statements, whereas, the former is totally ignored by accountants. The definition of wealth as a source of income inevitably leads to the recognition of human capital as one of several forms of wealth such as money, securities and physical capital. The Lev & Schwartz model has been used by Infosys to compute the value of the human resources as at March 31, 2001. The evaluation is based on the present value of the future earnings of the employees and on the following assumptions: 1. Employee compensation includes all direct and indirect benefits earned both in India and abroad. 2. The incremental earnings based on group / age have been considered. 3. The future earnings have been discounted at 21.08% (previous year - 22.29%) being the cost of capital for Infosys. Beta has been assumed at 1.54 based on average beta for software stocks in the US. [Download Table] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As of March 31 2001 2000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of Value of No. of Value of employees human resources employees human resources (in Rs. crore) (in Rs. crore) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Production 7,641 4,406.53 4,292 1,965.14 Support -technical* 1,230 302.83 450 81.65 -others 960 414.06 647 190.63 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9,831 5,123.42 5,389 2,237.42 ================================================================================ * Note: Support - technical includes trainees, employees in R&D activities and support personnel allocated to production. Number of employees 9,831 5,389 Value of human resources 5,123.42 2,237.42 Total revenue 1,959.94 921.46 Software revenue 1,900.57 882.32 Employee cost 717.78 334.56 Value-added excluding extraordinary income 1,563.17 723.31 Net profits excluding extraordinary income 623.32 285.95 Total revenue / human resources value (ratio) 0.38 0.41 Total software revenue / human resources value (ratio) 0.37 0.39 Value-added / human resources value (ratio) 0.31 0.32 Value of human resources per employee (Rs. cr) 0.52 0.42 Employee cost / human resources value (%) 14.01% 14.95% Return on human resources value (%) 12.17% 12.78%
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Value-added statement in Rs. crore ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ending March 31 2001 2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total revenue 1,959.94 921.46 Less: Software development expenses (other than employee costs and provision for post-sales client support) 238.56 129.61 Administration expenses (other than provisions) 158.20 68.54 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sub-total 396.76 198.15 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total value-added 1,563.18 723.31 ======================================================================================================================= Applied to meet Employee costs 717.78 334.56 Provision for post-sales client support 1.83 2.10 Provision for bad and doubtful debts and doubtful loans and advances 19.35 0.94 Provision for contingencies - 3.33 Provision for e-inventing the company - 3.50 Provision for investments 15.29 - Income tax 72.71 39.70 Dividend (including dividend tax) 74.86 33.04 Retained in business 661.36 306.14 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,563.18 723.31 ======================================================================================================================= The figures above are based on Indian GAAP financial statements.
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Additional information to shareholders (contd.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Brand valuation The strength of the invisible A balance sheet discloses the financial position of a company. The financial position of an enterprise is influenced by the economic resources it controls, its financial structure, liquidity and solvency, and its capacity to adapt to changes in the environment. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that intangible assets have a significant role in defining the growth of a hi-tech company. So quite often, the search for the added value invariably leads us back to understanding, evaluating and enhancing the intangible assets of the business. From time to time, Infosys has used various models for evaluating assets off the balance sheet to bring certain advances in financial reporting from the realm of research to the notice of the shareholders. Such an exercise also helps the Infosys management understand the components that make up goodwill. The aim of such modeling is to lead the debate on the balance sheet of the future. The Infosys management cautions the investors that these models are still the subject of debate among researchers, and using such models and data in predicting the future of Infosys, or any other company, is risky, and that the Infosys management is not responsible for any direct, indirect or consequential losses suffered by any person using these models or data. Valuing the brand A brand is much more than a trademark or a logo. It is a "trustmark" - a promise of quality and authenticity that clients can rely on. Brand equity is the value addition provided to a product or company by its brand name. It is the financial premium that a buyer is willing to pay for the brand over a generic or less worthy brand. Brand equity is not created overnight. It is the result of relentless pursuit of quality in production, selling, service, advertising and marketing. It is the integral of client experiences in dealing with the company and the company's services over a sustained period. Corporate brands and service brands are often perceived to be interchangeable. Both types of brands aim at the enhancement of confidence, and the reduction of uncertainty, in the quality of the company offerings. Therefore, companies rely heavily on the image and personality they create for their brands, to communicate these qualities to the marketplace. For many businesses, brands have become critical for shareholder wealth creation. Global brands are still the most powerful and sustainable wealth creators in the business world, and will continue to be so in the near future. The task of measuring brand value is a complex one. Several models are available for accomplishing this. The most widely used one is the brand-earnings-multiple model. There are several variants of this model. For example, by using one of the brand valuation models, Interbrand, a brand consultancy firm, had valued Coca-Cola at $ 72.54 billion in the year 2000, when its market capitalization was $ 142.16 billion, on the date of brand valuation. Thus, the brand valuation of Coca-Cola was around 51% of its market capitalization on the date of valuation. Interestingly, the study says that technology changes such as the Internet are only accelerating the globalization trend of the companies, and technology companies such as Microsoft, IBM, Intel and Nokia dominated the top five most valuable brands, in the study. (Source : www.business2.com/chart/most_valuable_brands.html) Goodwill is a nebulous accounting concept that is defined as the premium paid for the tangible assets of a company. It is an umbrella concept that transcends components like brand equity and human resources, and is the result of many corporate attributes including core competency, market leadership, copyrights, trademarks, brands, superior earning power, excellence in management, outstanding work-force, competition, longevity and so on. The Infosys management has adapted the generic brand-earnings-multiple model (given in the article on Valuation of Trademarks and Brand Names by Michael Birkin in the book Brand Valuation, edited by John Murphy and published by Business Books Limited, London) to value its corporate brand "Infosys". The methodology followed for valuing the brand is as given below: 1. Determine brand earnings To do this, . Determine brand profits by eliminating the non-brand profits from the total profits of the company . Restate the historical profits at present-day values . Provide for the remuneration of capital to be used for purposes other than promotion of the brand . Adjust for taxes
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2. Determine the brand-strength or brand-earning multiple Brand-strength multiple is a function of a multitude of factors like leadership, stability, market, internationality, trend, support and protection. These factors have been evaluated on a scale of 1 to 100, internally by the Infosys management, based on the information available within the company. 3. Compute the brand value by multiplying the brand earnings by the multiple derived in step 2 above. The computation is as follows: [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. crore ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Year ended March 31, 2001 2000 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PBIT 696.03 325.65 155.86 Less: non-brand income 53.43 35.23 3.46 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Adjusted profit 642.60 290.42 152.40 Inflation compound factor at 8% 1.000 1.087 1.181 Present value of profits for the brand 642.60 315.69 179.98 Weightage factor 3 2 1 Weighted profits 1,927.80 631.38 179.98 Three-year average weighted profits 456.53 Remuneration of capital 55.57 (5% of average capital employed) Brand-related profits 400.96 Tax at 39.55% 158.58 Brand earnings 242.38 Multiple-applied 22.18 Brand value 5,376.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Assumptions 1. Total revenue excluding other income after adjusting for cost of earning such income is brand revenue, since this is an exercise to determine the brand value of Infosys as a company and not for any of its products or services. 2. Inflation is assumed at 8% per annum. 3. 5% of the average capital employed is used for purposes other than promotion of the brand. 4. Tax rate is at 39.55%. 5. The earnings multiple is based on the ranking of Infosys against the industry average, based on certain parameters (exercise undertaken internally and based on available information). 6. The figures above are based on Indian GAAP financial statements. Thus, it is interesting to note that while Infosys has a market capitalization of Rs. 26,926 crore as on March 31, 2001, the value of the "Infosys" brand alone is estimated at Rs. 5,376 crore. The corresponding figures for market capitalization and brand value of Infosys as on March 31, 2000 and March 31, 1999 were Rs. 59,338 crore, Rs. 5,246 crore and Rs. 9,673 crore, Rs. 1,727 crore respectively.
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Additional information to shareholders (contd.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Balance sheet (including intangible assets) as at March 31, 2001 [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. crore ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SOURCES OF FUNDS SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS Share capital 33.08 Reserves and surplus Share premium account 320.75 Capital reserves 10,499.42 Other reserves 1,035.81 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11,889.06 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ APPLICATION OF FUNDS FIXED ASSETS Tangible assets - at cost 631.14 Less : Depreciation 244.13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net block 387.01 Add : Capital work-in-progress 170.65 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 557.66 Intangible assets Brand equity 5,376.00 Human resources 5,123.42 INVESTMENTS 34.12 CURRENT ASSETS, LOANS AND ADVANCES Sundry debtors 302.37 Cash and bank balances 385.06 Loans and advances 430.28 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1,117.71 Less : Current liabilities 134.92 Provisions 184.93 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net current assets 797.86 11,889.06 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Notes: 1. The balance sheet is provided as additional information only. The management accepts no responsibility for any direct, indirect or consequential losses or damages suffered by any person relying on the same. 2. Capital reserves include the value of the "Infosys" brand and human resources. 3. The figures above are based on Indian GAAP financial statements.
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Additional information to shareholders (contd.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Current cost adjusted financial statements Current cost accounting ("CCA") seeks to state the value of assets and liabilities in a balance sheet at their value and measure the profit or loss of an enterprise by matching current costs against current revenues. CCA is based on the concept of "operating capability", which may be viewed as the amount of goods and services that an enterprise is capable of providing with its existing resources during a given period. In order to maintain its operating capability, an enterprise should remain in command of resources that form the basis of its activities. Consequently, it becomes necessary to take into account the rising cost of assets consumed in generating these revenues. CCA takes into account the changes in specific prices of assets as they affect the enterprise. The Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account of Infosys, on a current cost basis are presented below. The methodology prescribed by the Guidance Note on Accounting for Changing Prices issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India is adopted in preparing these statements. Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2001 [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Assets employed Fixed Assets Original cost 527,46,69,569 Accumulated depreciation 129,68,72,381 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 397,77,97,188 Capital work in progress 170,65,04,250 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net fixed assets 568,43,01,438 Investments 34,11,54,821 Current Assets, Loans and Advances: Cash and bank balances 385,06,10,285 Loans and advances 430,27,93,623 Monetary working capital 167,45,21,241 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 982,79,25,149 Less: Other liabilities and provisions 184,93,20,275 Net current assets 797,86,04,874 TOTAL 1400,40,61,133 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Financed by Share Capital and Reserves Share capital 33,07,92,085 Reserves Capital reserve 5,93,54,103 Share premium 320,75,30,416 Current cost reserve 19,76,11,149 General reserve 1020,87,73,380 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1040,63,84,529 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL 1400,40,61,133 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Additional information to shareholders (contd.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Current cost adjusted financial statements Profit and Loss Account for the year ended March 31, 2001 [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total income 1,959,93,73,722 Historic cost profit before tax and extraordinary item 696,02,92,341 Less: Current cost operating adjustments 8,99,42,003 687,03,50,338 Less: Gearing adjustment - Current cost profit before tax and extraordinary item 687,03,50,338 Provision for taxation Earlier years 1,40,00,000 Current year 71,31,00,000 Current cost profit after tax before extraordinary item 614,32,50,338 Extraordinary item - Transfer of intellectual property (net of tax) 5,49,44,000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Current cost profit after tax and extraordinary item 619,81,94,338 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Appropriations Dividend Interim 16,53,78,418 Final (proposed) 49,61,85,878 Dividend tax 8,69,94,211 Amount transferred - general reserve 544,96,35,831 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 619,81,94,338 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Statement of retained profits / reserves as of March 31, 2001 [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Opening balance of reserves 475,50,19,440 Retained current cost profit for the year 544,96,35,831 Movements on current cost reserve during the year 20,17,29,258 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,040,63,84,529 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notes: 1. The cost of technology assets comprising computer equipment decreases over time. This is offset by an accelerated depreciation charge to the financial statements. Consequently, such assets are not adjusted for changes in prices. 2. This financial statement is provided for the purpose of information only. The management accepts no responsibility for any direct, indirect or consequential losses or damages suffered by any person relying on the same.
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Additional information to shareholders (contd.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Economic value-added (EVA) statement Economic value-added measures the profitability of a company after taking into account the cost of all capital including equity. It is the post-tax return on capital employed (adjusted for the tax shield on debt) less the cost of capital employed. Companies which earn higher returns than cost of capital create value, while those companies that earn lower returns than cost of capital are deemed destroyers of shareholder value. [Enlarge/Download Table] Economic value-added analysis ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ended March 31 2001 2000 1999 1998 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Average capital employed (Rs. in crore) 1,111.47 703.87 245.42 142.90 2. Average debt/total capital (%) - - - - 3. Beta variant 1.54 1.48 1.48 1.48 4. Risk-free debt cost (%) 10.30 10.45 12.00 12.15 5. Market premium 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 6. Cost of equity (%) 21.08 22.29 25.32 26.95 7. Cost of debt (post tax) (%) NA NA NA NA 8. Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) (%) 21.08 22.29 25.32 26.95 9. PAT as a percentage of average capital employed (%) 56.08 40.63 54.16 42.24 10. Economic value-added (EVA) (in Rs. crore) Operating profit (PBT excluding extraordinary income) 696.03 325.65 155.86 65.86 Less: tax 72.71 39.70 22.94 5.50 Less: cost of capital 234.30 156.89 62.14 38.51 Economic value-added 389.02 129.06 70.78 21.85 11. Enterprise value (in Rs. crore) Market value of equity 26,926.35 59,338.17 9,672.80 2,963.42 Less: cash and cash equivalents 577.74 508.37 416.66 51.14 Add: debt - - - - Enterprise value 26,348.61 58,829.80 9,256.14 2,912.28 12. Ratios EVA as a percentage of average capital employed (%) 35.00 18.34 28.84 15.29 Enterprise value / average capital employed 23.71 83.58 37.72 20.38 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notes: 1. The cost of equity is calculated by using the following formula: return on risk-free investment + expected risk premium on equity investment adjusted for the average beta variant for software stocks in the US 2. The figures above are based on Indian GAAP financial statements. [GRAPH APPEARS HERE]
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Additional information to shareholders (contd.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] Ratio analysis for the year ended March 31 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 1999 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ratios - Financial performance Export revenue / total revenue (%) 95.62 94.38 97.57 Domestic revenue / total revenue (%) 1.35 1.37 1.68 Other income / total revenue (%) 3.03 4.25 0.75 Employee costs / total revenue (%) 36.62 36.31 32.39 Administration expenses / total revenue (%) 9.06 7.54 8.92 Operating expenses / total revenue (%) 58.73 58.88 62.60 Depreciation / total revenue (%) 5.76 5.78 7.00 Tax / total revenue (%) 3.71 4.31 4.47 Tax / PBT (%) 10.45 12.19 14.72 EBIDTA / total revenue (%) 41.27 41.12 37.40 PAT from ordinary activities / total revenue (%) 31.80 31.03 25.92 PAT from ordinary activities / average net worth (%) 56.08 40.63 54.16 ROCE (PBIT / Average capital employed) (%) 62.62 46.27 63.51 Return on invested capital (%) 105.67 111.68 93.47 Capital output ratio 1.71 1.25 1.36 Invested capital output ratio 3.34 3.66 3.64 Value-added / total revenue (%) 79.76 78.50 72.96 Enterprise-value / total revenue 13.44 63.84 18.08 Ratios - Balance sheet Debt-equity ratio - - - Debtors turnover ( Days) 58 56 61 Current ratio 3.49 4.69 6.57 Cash and equivalents / total assets (%) 41.57 61.01 72.53 Cash and equivalents / total revenue (%) 29.48 55.17 81.26 Depreciation / average gross block (%) 24.67 23.50 26.19 Technology investment / total revenue (%) 7.43 5.86 8.55 Ratios - Growth* Export revenue (%) 115.48 73.85 99.35 Total revenue (%) 112.70 79.71 96.93 Operating expenses (%) 112.14 69.03 86.89 Operating profit (%) 113.50 97.59 116.39 Net profit ( from ordinary activities) (%) 117.98 115.14 120.19 Per-share data Basic earnings per share from ordinary activities (Rs.) 94.23 43.23 20.71 Basic earnings per share (including extraordinary items) (Rs.) 95.06 44.38 21.07 Cash earnings per share from ordinary activities (Rs.) 111.29 51.28 26.30 Cash earnings per share(including extraordinary items) (Rs.) 112.12 52.43 26.67 Book value (Rs.) 210.05 125.97 86.84 Price / earning, end of year 43.19 207.48 70.74 Price / cash earnings, end of year 36.57 174.92 55.70 Price / book value, end of year 19.38 71.21 16.87 Price / total revenue, end of year 13.74 64.40 18.90 EPS growth (%) 117.97 108.77 120.15 PE / EPS Growth 0.37 1.91 0.61 Dividend per share (Rs.) 10.00 4.50 3.75 Dividend (%) 200 90 75 Dividend payout (%) 12.01 11.55 10.02 Dividend / adjusted public offer price (%) 168 76 63 Market price / adjusted public offer price (%) 68547 151076 24632 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note: The ratio calculations are based on Indian GAAP and have been adjusted for stock split. * Denotes growth compared with figures of the corresponding period in the previous year
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Ratio analysis Ratio analysis is amongst the best tools available to analyze the financial performance of a company. It allows inter-company and intra-company comparison and analysis. Ratios also provide a bird's eye view of the financial condition of the company. The ratios analyzed are based on Indian GAAP. Financial performance Exports have grown by 115% during the year, as against 74% in the previous year. Export revenue is from various parts of the globe and is well segmented. Segmental analysis of the revenue is provided under the Notes to financial statements section in this report. During the year ended March 31, 2001, exports constituted 96% of total revenue, as compared to 94% during the previous year. USA continued to be a major market. Domestic revenue remained constant at 1% of total revenue. Manpower costs were approximately 37% of total revenue as compared to 36% during the previous year. Administration expenses were approximately 9% and 8% during the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Depreciation was at 6% of total revenue, which is same as during the previous year. Depreciation to average gross block was at 25%, as compared to 24% during the previous year. Income tax expense was approximately 4% of total revenue during the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000. Income tax expense includes a provision of Rs. 140 lakh for earlier years. Profit after tax from ordinary activities was 32% of total revenue, as against 31% during the previous year. Balance sheet analysis The key ratios affecting the performance of the company's financial condition are discussed below: 1. Return on average net worth Return on average net worth is 56% as against 41% during the previous year. As the company is maintaining around 42% of its assets in liquid funds, where the returns are less, the above figures need further analysis. If the average liquid assets are adjusted against the average net worth, and revenue earned after tax from liquid assets are adjusted against net profit, return on invested capital stands at 106%, as compared to 112% during the previous year. 2. Debt-equity ratio The company funds its short-term and long-term cash requirements primarily from internal accruals. As on March 31, 2001, the company was debt-free. 3. Current ratio Current ratio is 3.49, as compared to 4.69 as on March 31, 2000. 4. Capital output ratio Capital output ratio is 1.71, as compared to 1.25 for the previous year. Invested capital output ratio is 3.34, as compared to 3.66 for the previous year [CHARTS APPEAR HERE]
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[CHARTS APPEAR HERE] 5. Value-added to total revenue Value-added to total revenue is 80%, as compared to 79% for the previous year. This is primarily due to higher margins. Details are given in "Additional information to shareholders" in this report. 6. Enterprise value to total revenue Enterprise value to total revenue is 13 times, as compared to 64 times in the previous year. Per share data Per share data for the earlier years have been restated on par value of Rs. 5 per share, and adjusted for bonus issues during the previous years. Earnings per share (EPS) (basic) is Rs. 94.23, as compared to Rs. 43.23 for the previous year. Cash earnings per share (basic) is Rs. 111.29, as compared to Rs. 51.28 during the previous year. This is due to higher cash generation and due to higher value addition. Book value per share has also increased to Rs. 210, as against Rs. 126 on March 31, 2000. Dividend payout ratio for the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, was 12% and 11.55% respectively. The P/E to EPS growth was approximately 0.37, as compared to 1.91 for the previous year. This represents the valuation of the company in comparison to its growth in earnings. Appreciation in the Infosys share price (adjusted for bonus issues in 1994, 1997 & 1999 and a stock split of two-for-one in 2000), over the public issue price is more than 68547%. Since the public issue, the market capitalization of the company has grown to Rs. 26,926.35 crore, as on March 31, 2001, from the public issue valuation of Rs. 31.84 crore during February 1993. [CHARTS APPEAR HERE]
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Additional information to shareholders (contd.) Statutory obligations The company has established Software Technology Parks (STPs) - 100% export- oriented units - for the development of software at Electronics City, Koramangala, BTM Layout and J. P. Nagar all in Bangalore, as well as in Mangalore, Pune, Chennai, Bhubaneswar, Hyderabad, Mohali and Mysore (all in India). Certain capital items purchased for these centers are eligible for 100% customs and excise duty exemption, subject to fulfillment of stipulated export obligations, namely, five times the value of duty-free imports of capital goods, or duty-free purchase of goods subject to excise, over a period of 5 years, on a yearly basis. The export obligation on the wage bill was removed recently. The non-fulfillment of export obligations may result in penalties as stipulated by the government, which may have an impact on future profitability. The table showing the export obligation, and the export obligation fulfilled by the company, on a global basis, for all its STP units together, is given hereunder: [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ended March 31 Export Export Excess/ Cumulative obligation obligation (shortfall) excess/ fulfilled (shortfall) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1993 11,07,019 28,25,575 17,18,556 17,18,556 1994 2,69,45,277 8,04,57,379 5,35,12,102 5,52,30,658 1995 7,70,12,146 15,63,56,751 7,93,44,605 13,45,75,263 1996 28,42,90,379 47,64,44,106 19,21,53,727 32,67,28,990 1997 39,67,03,285 68,93,56,837 29,26,53,552 61,93,82,542 1998 73,55,63,113 142,41,27,171 68,85,64,058 130,79,46,600 1999 124,97,81,528 305,51,10,194 180,53,28,666 311,32,75,266 2000 106,87,69,005 493,45,83,400 386,58,14,395 697,90,89,661 2001 359,88,68,243 1010,27,21,393 650,38,53,150 1348,29,42,810 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The total customs duty exempted on both computer software and hardware imported by the company since 1993 amounts to Rs. 111.97 crore. The company has fulfilled its export obligations, on a global basis, for all its operations under the STP scheme. However, in the case of STPs operationalized during the year, the export obligation will be met in the future years. On a forward basis, the company's management is confident of fulfilling all its export obligations. Taxation The economic reforms program of the government has enhanced the velocity of business for companies in India. Being one of the signatories to the World Trade Organization, India is committed to reducing import tariff levels, thereby exposing the Indian entrepreneurs to global competition. The present Indian corporate tax rate is 39.55% (comprising a base rate of 35% and a surcharge of 13% on the base rate). The company benefits from certain significant tax incentives provided to software firms under Indian tax laws. These incentives presently include: (i) an exemption from payment of Indian corporate income taxes for a period of ten consecutive years of operation of software development facilities designated as "Software Technology Parks" (the "STP tax holiday"); and (ii) a tax deduction for profits derived from exporting computer software under Section 80 HHE of the Income Tax Act (the "Export deduction"). All but one of the company's software development facilities are located in a designated Software Technology Park ("STP"). The Government of India has recently amended the tax incentives available to companies set up in designated STPs. The period of the STP tax holiday available to such companies is restricted to 10 consecutive years, beginning from the financial year when the unit started producing computer software or March 31, 2000, whichever is earlier. Additionally, the export deduction will be phased out equally over a period of five years, starting from fiscal 2000.
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The details of the operationalization of various software development centers, and the year till which the exemption under the STP scheme is available, is provided hereunder: [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Location of the STP Year of Exemption Exemption commencement claimed from available upto ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Electronics City, Bangalore 1994-1995 1996-1997 2003-2004 Mangalore 1995-1996 1998-1999 2004-2005 Pune 1996-1997 1998-1999 2005-2006 Bhubaneswar 1996-1997 1998-1999 2005-2006 Chennai 1996-1997 1998-1999 2005-2006 Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore 1997-1998 1998-1999 2006-2007 Phase I, Electronics City, Bangalore 1998-1999 1998-1999 2007-2008 Phase II, Electronics City, Bangalore 1999-2000 1999-2000 2008-2009 Hinjewadi, Pune 1999-2000 1999-2000 2008-2009 Mysore 1999-2000 1999-2000 2008-2009 Hyderabad 1999-2000 1999-2000 2008-2009 Mohali 1999-2000 1999-2000 2008-2009 Sholinganallur, Chennai 2000-2001 2000-2001 2008-2009 Konark, Bhubaneshwar 2000-2001 2000-2001 2008-2009 Mangala, Mangalore 2000-2001 2000-2001 2008-2009 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The benefits of these tax incentive programs have historically resulted in an effective tax rate for the company, well below statutory rates. There is no assurance that the Government of India will continue to provide these incentives. The government may reduce or eliminate the tax exemptions provided to Indian exporters anytime in the future. This may result in the export profits of the company being fully taxed, and may adversely affect the post-tax profits of the company in the future. On a full-tax-paid basis, without any duty concessions on equipment, hardware and software, the company's post-tax profit for the relevant years is estimated as below. [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ended March 31 2001 2000 1999 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Profit before tax (excluding extraordinary items) 696,02,92,341 325,64,85,819 155,85,53,560 Less: Additional depreciation to be 26,33,38,717 12,74,89,362 8,43,54,215 provided on duty waiver for computer equipment Reduction in other income 7,74,13,894 3,24,71,664 1,52,47,181 Adjusted profit before tax 661,95,39,730 309,65,24,793 145,89,52,164 Less: Income tax on full tax basis 264,75,71,927 128,00,91,259 63,07,51,956 Adjusted profit after tax 397,19,67,803 181,64,33,534 82,82,00,208 Adjusted earnings per share/1/ 60.04 27.46 12.90 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. The earnings per share for earlier years has been restated on par value of Rs. 5 per share and adjusted for bonus issues during the previous years. 2. The figures above are based on Indian GAAP financial statements and the tax rates applicable to India-based income. However, it may be noted that this is only an academic exercise. The company has provided for income tax in full in the respective years and there is no carried-forward liability on this account
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Management Structure ________________________________________________________________________________ [CHART APPEARS HERE]
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[CHART APPEARS HERE]
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A historical perspective -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] in Rs. crore except per share data, other information and ratios ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Particulars 1981-82 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For the year Revenue 0.12 30.08 57.70 93.41 143.81 260.37 512.74 921.46 1,959.94 Operating profit (PBIDT) - 9.71 19.86 33.95 50.06 88.61 191.75 378.88 808.92 Interest - 0.05 - - 0.61 - - - - Depreciation - 0.81 4.60 8.63 10.52 22.75 35.89 53.23 112.89 Provision for taxation - 0.76 1.94 4.31 5.25 5.50 22.94 39.70 72.71 Profit after tax from ordinary activities 0.04 8.09 13.32 21.01 33.68 60.36 132.92 285.95 623.32 Dividend - 1.17 2.31 3.63 3.99 7.03 12.11 29.76 66.16 Return on average networth (%) 96.88 39.61 29.71 29.53 34.96 42.24 54.16 40.63 56.08 Return on average capital employed (PBIT / average capital employed) (%) 96.88 43.14 31.79 33.12 40.16 46.09 63.51 46.27 62.62 As at the end of the year Share capital - 3.35 7.26 7.26 7.26 16.02 33.07 33.08 33.08 Reserves and surplus 0.04 25.35 55.20 72.58 105.58 156.94 541.36 800.23 1,356.56 Loan funds - - 6.34 4.26 - - - - - Gross block - 8.27 25.32 46.86 71.29 105.14 168.92 284.03 631.14 Capital investment - 7.13 25.23 15.55 27.31 34.41 71.68 159.87 463.35 Net current assets 0.06 13.94 32.47 41.17 54.20 97.23 472.96 612.13 797.86 Debt-equity ratio - - 0.10 0.05 - - - - - Market capitalization NA 191.02 348.42 355.67 731.04 2,963.42 9,672.80 59,338.17 26,926.35 Per share data Basic earnings from ordinary activities (Rs.)* - 1.22 2.01 3.18 5.09 9.13 20.71 43.23 94.23 Dividend per share (Rs.)** - 1.75 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.75 4.50 10.00 Book value (Rs.)* - 4.34 9.44 12.07 17.06 26.15 86.84 125.97 210.05 Other information Number of shareholders 7 6,033 6,526 6,909 6,414 6,622 9,527 46,314 89,643 Credit rating from CRISIL Commercial paper - - "P1+" "P1+" "P1+" "P1+" "P1+" "P1+" "P1+" Non-convertible debentures - - "AA" "AA" "AA" "AA" "AA" "AA" "AAA" ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note:The above figures are based on Indian GAAP. * Figures for the earlier years have been restated on par value of Rs. 5 per share and adjusted for bonus issues in previous years. ** Calculated on a per share basis, not adjusted for bonus issues in previous years.
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A historical perspective -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [GRAPHS APPEARS HERE]
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Infosys Foundation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A strong sense of responsibility is foremost among the core values of Infosys. This translates into a commitment to help people and communities, to enhance the living conditions of the rural population, and to improve education. In fiscal 2001, the Infosys Foundation continued its commitment to the rural poor, to the underprivileged, and to the cause of education. Besides, it also helped promote Indian arts and culture. Grants from Infosys during the year aggregated Rs. 5.26 crore as compared to Rs. 2.80 crore in the previous year. Following are some of the projects undertaken by the Foundation during the year. 1. Initiatives for the rural poor and the underprivileged a. Construction of a hostel commenced at the Maharshi Karve Stree Shikshana Samsthe, Karvenagar, Pune. The hostel will offer accommodation to girls from the poorer sections of society and is expected to be operational by August 2001. An amount of Rs. 60 lakh has been committed for this purpose by the Foundation. b. Construction of a 3,800 sq. ft. orphanage at Kalahandi, Orissa, was completed in December 2000, at a cost of aboutRs. 8 lakh. c. The Foundation donated about 340 sewing machines to destitute women in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. This is expected to provide a secure means of livelihood for them. Additionally, a substantial sum has been spent on providing monetary assistance to these women. d. The Foundation has aided several organizations in conducting social and literacy awareness campaigns in rural areas. The Foundation organized eye camps, donated ambulances and passenger vans, and donated a Braille system to a residential school for the blind. 2. Healthcare for the poor a. Computerization of KEM Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College, Mumbai, has started. This project will provide LAN and Internet facilities for the hospital and the college. b. Construction of additional wards for the Swami Sivananda Centenary Hospital was launched during the year. This building will be able to accommodate 64 in-patients. c. Construction of a 47,000 sq. ft. dharmashala - a free ward - for cancer patients availing treatment at the Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, was completed during the year. The building, costing Rs. 3 crore, was inaugurated by S.M. Krishna, the Chief Minister of Karnataka. d. A building with super-specialty facilities is being planned at Sassoon Hospital, Poona, for providing free treatment to the underprivileged. e. A sum of Rs. 10 lakh was donated to the Swami Vivekananda Youth Movement, Mysore district, Karnataka, for the construction of a hospital. The hospital has been operational since August 2000. 3. Education a. More often than not, rural children do not have access to high-quality facilities for education. The Foundation believes that every school should have its own library. The Shalegondu Granthalaya program has been extremely successful since it was started in 1997-98. Under the program, in Karnataka alone, more than 5000 sets of books have been donated to libraries of Kannada-medium schools in rural areas. Each set ranges from 200 to 2000 books depending on the number of students in the school. b. The Foundation undertook reconstruction of old government schools located in the slums of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, at a cost of about Rs. 10 lakh. c. The construction of a hostel for the Nehru Seva Sangh's school for the blind at Banpur in Orissa has commenced. The total expenditure to date is about Rs. 8 lakh. d. A number of scholarships have been awarded to children from economically backward families. The Pratibha Puraskar scholarship has been instituted for such students who have excelled in academics. The Foundation has also donated furniture and other equipment to schools. 4. Arts and culture The Foundation strongly believes in preserving those arts and cultural activities of India, which are under threat of fading out. A North Karnataka folklore festival, featuring many distinguished artistes from Janapada Samshodhana Kendra of Dharwad, was organized in April 2000. Yoga, the art of living a healthy life, is being promoted by the Foundation. The Foundation is also adopting, for a period of one year, guilds that are engaged in handicrafts. for Infosys Foundation Bangalore N. S. Raghavan Sudha Murty Sudha Gopalakrishnan April 11, 2001 Chairman Trustee Trustee
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Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with GAAP requirements of various countries and reports of compliance with the respective corporate governance standards [GRAPHIC APPEARS HERE] Over the past decade, the technology and information revolutions have fundamentally transformed economic and political relationships between nations. Thanks to the opening up of financial markets across the globe, investors today have a wide choice of capital markets to invest in. Consequently, the global investor must have access to information about the performance of any company, in any market that he / she chooses to invest in. However, differences in language, accounting practices, and reporting requirements in various countries render performance reports by many companies rather investor-unfriendly. Today, the strength of a global company lies in its ability to access high-quality capital at the lowest cost from a global pool of investors. Such companies study the needs of global investors and publish financial information in a language and form understood by their existing as well as prospective investors. In the process, financial statistics may have to be restated and financial terminology may need to be translated. Indeed, a key issue in international financial analysis is the restatement and translation of financial reports that describe operations conducted in one environment, but which are the subject of review and analysis in another. As an investor-friendly company, committed to the highest standards of disclosure, we voluntarily provide unaudited financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with the GAAP requirements of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the United Kingdom, besides those of the US and India (which information appears separately elsewhere). The financial statements are in the respective national languages of these countries. Further, keeping in mind their local regulations and practices, these countries have formulated their own corporate governance standards. This year, we provide statements on compliance with these standards in the respective national languages of these countries. The unaudited consolidated profit & loss accounts and balance sheets have been prepared by converting the various financial parameters, reported in the audited income statement of Infosys (according to the Indian GAAP), including a consolidation of subsidiary financial information, into the respective currencies of the above countries. In addition, adjustments have been made for differences in accounting principles, and in formats, between India and these countries, if any. In the event of a conflict in interpretation, the audited Indian version of the financial statements and the "Corporate governance" section of the annual report should be considered. The Infosys management cautions investors that these reports are provided only as additional information to our global investors. Using such reports for predicting the future of Infosys, or any other company, is risky. The Infosys management is not responsible for any direct, indirect or consequential losses suffered by any person using these financial statements or data.
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Corporate governance reports -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Australia The Australian Institute of Company Directors, the Australian Society of Certified Practicing Accountants, the Business Council of Australia, the Law Council of Australia, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Australia, and the Securities Institute of Australia, formed a working group to study corporate governance issues which submitted the Bosch Report on corporate governance in 1995. Your company complies substantially with all recommendations made by the working group, except the following: 1. Chairman and CEO - The current policy of the company is to have an executive chairman and chief executive officer (CEO), and a managing director, president and chief operating officer (COO). There is a clear demarcation of responsibilities and authority between the two. At present, the company does not have a non-executive director as deputy chairman. 2. Composition of the board - The current strength of the board is 16, with 8 executive directors and 8 non-executive, independent directors. 3. Board membership term - Indian law mandates the retirement of one- third of the board members every year and qualifies the retiring members for re-appointment. The executive directors are appointed by the shareholders for a maximum period of five years at one time, but are eligible for re-appointment upon completion of their term. Canada "Good governance plays an important role in protecting shareholder rights, helping to maximize shareholder value over time, and assisting the creation of vibrant, dynamic and successful corporations." - Interim report, Joint Committee on Corporate Governance, March 2001 The Joint Committee on Corporate Governance was established by the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (CICA), the Canadian Venture Exchange (CDNX) and the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE), to study various aspects of corporate governance. The committee submitted its interim report - "Beyond compliance : building a governance culture" - in March 2001. Your company complies substantially with all recommendations made by the committee, except the following: 1. Recommendation 4.1 - Selecting the CEO, monitoring performance and succession planning - At present, the succession planning of the CEO is not delegated to the board chairman or a lead director. At present, the CEO is also the chairman of the company. The chairman reviews succession planning and management development with the board from time to time. 2. Recommendation 4.3 - Risk management - The board of directors is primarily responsible for monitoring risk levels on various parameters, and the management council is responsible for ensuring implementation of mitigation measures, if required. The audit committee provides overall direction on the risk management policies. 3. Recommendation 5.3 - Ensuring board independence - The independent directors of the board do not formally meet, without the management, at regular intervals. However, they informally discuss any substantive issues, that may arise from time to time, with the chairman and CEO. 4. Recommendation 5.3 - Responsibilities of the chairman - The chairman of the board is an executive director. The company has not identified any lead director to ensure the capacity of the board to act independent of management. The compensation committee of the board evaluates the performance of all the directors, including the CEO, at regular intervals. 5. Recommendation 5.4 - The role of the corporate secretary - The company secretary reports to the chief financial officer of the company.
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Rapport sur le gouvernement d'entreprises - France -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- L'AFG-ASFFI est une association representant l'activite de gestion d'actifs en France. Cette association a institue une [[ Commission portant sur le gouvernement d'entreprises ]] afin d'examiner les divers aspects du gouvernement d'entreprises applicables aux societes francaises. La Commission a fait paraitre ses recommandations en septembre 1999. La Commission portant sur le gouvernement d'entreprises a fait plusieurs recommandations. Votre societe respecte en grande partie toutes les recommandations faites, a l'exception des suivantes : 1. Recommandation I-B-2 - Publication de deux rapports, une version resumee, une version complete. La societe publie un rapport annuel detaille contenant des informations financieres et autres en detail, et ce meme document est adresse a tous les actionnaires quelle que soit leur participation. 2. Recommandation I-B-3 - Explication de la resolution proposee. Le nombre de parts detenues par les administrateurs qui sont designes pour une re-election ainsi que l'information relative aux options de souscription d'actions accordees au personnel cle de la societe sont divulguees dans le rapport annuel mais pas incluses dans l'etat explicatif relatif aux resolutions devant etre approuvees lors de l'assemblee generale ordinaire. 3. Recommandation I-B-5 - Suivi apres le vote des resolutions. La societe ne publie pas un extrait des minutes de l'assemblee generale ordinaire a tous les actionnaires a la fin de la reunion. Cependant, l'ensemble du processus relatif a l'assemble generale ordinaire est diffuse sur Internet et accessible a tous dans le monde entier. 4. Recommandation I-B-6 - Vote electronique. La societe a recours au systeme de vote au cas ou un scrutin serait demande. Elle n'a pas recours au vote electronique. 5. Recommandation II-A-3 - Separation des fonctions de [[ chairman of the board ]] et de [[ chief executive officer ]]l. La politique actuelle de la societe est d'avoir un [[ executive chairman /chief executive officer ]], et un directeur operationnel [[ president/chief operating officer ]]. Il existe une delimitation claire entre les responsabilite et l'autorite de ces deux personnes. 6. Recommandation II-c - Indemnites des administrateurs. Le comite des remunerations determine et recommande au conseil d'administration les indemnisations allouees aux membres du conseil. L'indemnisation des administrateurs independants est approuvee lors d'une reunion du conseil au complet. Les indemnites allouees a l'ensemble de tous administrateurs independants est limitee a une somme fixee annuellement par le conseil. La somme se situe aux environs de 0,5% du benefice net de la societe calculee conformement aux dispositions du Companies Act (loi sur les societes) de 1956, approuvee par les actionnaires, et est presentee separement dans les etats financiers. L'indemnisation allouee aux administrateurs independants et la methode de calcul sont egalement presentees separement dans les etats financiers. Les directeurs executifs qui sont egalement les fondateurs de la societe se sont volontairement exclus du Stock Offer Plan de 1994, de celui de 1998 et de 1999. Les administrateurs independants ne sont pas non plus beneficiaires des options d'achat d'actions dans le cadre de ces plans, sauf pour celui de 1999. Cependant, aucune option n'a ete emise au cours de l'annee aux administrateurs independants dans le cadre du plan. 7. Recommandation II-D-2 - Non-cumul des fonctions d'administrateur. Selon la loi indienne, personne ne peut etre administrateur dans plus de 20 societes. 8. Recommandation II-D-4 - A l'heure actuelle, aucun des administrateurs n'est age de plus de 65 ans. Unternehmensfuhrungsbericht - Deutschland "Unternehmensfuhrungsvorschriften fordern und starken das Vertrauen der derzeitigen und kunftigen Aktionare, Darlehensgeber, Beschaftigten, Geschaftspartner und der allgemeinen Offentlichkeit in die nationalen und internationalen Markte." - Unternehmensfuhrungsvorschriften fur borsennotierte deutsche Unternehmen, Juli 2000. Das deutsche Gremium zu Fragen der Unternehmensfuhrung hatte im Juli 2000 die "Unternehmensfuhrungsvorschriften fur borsennotierte deutsche Unternehmen" erlassen. Das Unternehmen besitzt eine Verwaltungsratsstruktur auf einer einzelnen Ebene. Der Verwaltungsrat setzt sich derzeit aus 16 Mitgliedern zusammen: acht an der Geschaftsleitung beteiligte Direktoren und acht nicht an der Geschaftsleitung beteiligte, selbststandige Direktoren. Der Verwaltungsrat besitzt vier Ausschusse: den Wirtschaftsprufungsausschuss, den Vergutungsausschuss, den Nominierungsausschuss und den Investorenbeschwerdeausschuss. Alle diese Ausschusse - mit Ausnahme des Investorenbeschwerdeausschusses - bestehen ganzlich aus selbststandigen Direktoren. Der Investorenbeschwerdeausschuss besteht aus einem nicht an der Geschaftsleitung beteiligten Vorsitzenden und einigen der an der Geschaftsleitung beteiligten Direktoren. Das Gremium hatte eine Reihe von Empfehlungen ausgesprochen. Ihr Unternehmen erfullt im wesentlichen alle von diesem Ausschuss ausgesprochenen Empfehlungen, mit Ausnahme der folgenden:
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1. Empfehlung II (2) (a) - Vorschriften uber Informationen und Bekanntmachungen. Die Abstimmungsergebnisse der Jahreshauptversammlungen werden nicht auf der Internet-Homepage des Unternehmens bekannt gegeben. Der gesamte Ablauf der Jahreshauptversammlung wird uber das Internet bekannt gemacht, und alle Aktionare in jedem Teil der Welt hatten die Moglichkeit, darauf zuzugreifen. 2. Empfehlung II (3) (a) - Vergutung. Der Aktienoptionsplan des Unternehmens von 1999 enthalt nicht an der Geschaftsleitung beteiligte Direktoren als Begunstigte. Laut dem Plan gehen die Optionen uber einen Zeitraum von vier Jahren schrittweise in das Eigentum der betreffenden Person uber. Doch ist der Vergutungsausschuss befugt, den Eigentumubergangsplan zu andern, wenn die Umstande es erfordern. Jedoch wurden im laufenden Jahr bisher noch keine Optionen an die nicht an der Geschaftsleitung beteiligten Direktoren ausgegeben. 3. Empfehlung III (1) (f) - Aktienbesitz durch die Aufsichtsratsmitglieder. Das Unternehmen gibt Informationen zu Personen, die wirtschaftliche Eigentumer von mehr als 5% der Unternehmensaktien sind, in seinem Jahresbericht bekannt. Das Unternehmen gibt daruber hinaus Informationen zu Optionen bekannt, die im Lauf des Jahres an an der Geschaftsleitung beteiligte Direktoren und an nicht an der Geschaftsleitung beteiligte Direktoren vergeben wurden. Jedoch gibt das Unternehmen derzeit keine naheren Informationen zum Aktienbesitz der Direktoren fur das vergangene Jahr und zu den Veranderungen beim Aktienbesitz der Direktoren fur das vergangene Jahr bekannt. 4. Empfehlung III (2) (e) - Unabhangigkeit der Wirtschaftsprufer. Der Wirtschaftsprufungsausschuss des Verwaltungsrates besteht ausschliesslich aus selbststandigen Direktoren des Unternehmens. Der Wirtschaftsprufungsausschuss erhalt von den unabhangigen Wirtschaftsprufern entsprechend den geltenden regulatorischen Vorschriften formale schriftliche Erklarungen, in denen alle Beziehungen zwischen den Wirtschaftsprufern und dem Unternehmen dargelegt werden. 5. Empfehlung III (3) - Allgemeiner Ausschuss. Das Unternehmen besitzt derzeit keinen allgemeinen Ausschuss. Der Verwaltungsrat ist fur samtliche unternehmenspolitischen Angelegenheiten sowie fur strategische, planerische und operative Fragen zustandig. Die Uberwachung der Einhaltung der Unternehmensfuhrungsvorschriften obliegt derzeit dem Wirtschaftsprufungsausschuss. 6. Empfehlung III (3) - Markt- und Kreditrisikoausschuss. Das Unternehmen besitzt derzeit keinen Markt- und Kreditrisikoausschuss. Der Verwaltungsrat ist fur das Management der Markt- und Kreditrisiken des Unternehmens verantwortlich. 7. Empfehlung III (3) - Vermittlungsausschuss. Das Unternehmen besitzt derzeit keinen Vermittlungsausschuss. Die Ernennung der Direktoren des Verwaltungsrates obliegt dem Nominierungsausschuss. JAPAN [JAPANESE TEXT] United Kingdom "Good corporate governance is not just a matter of prescribing particular corporate structures and complying with a number of hard and fast rules." -Committee on Corporate Governance, final report, January 1998 Directors' report on corporate governance In June 1998, the London stock exchange published the principles of good governance and the code of best practice ("the combined code") which embraces the work of the Cadbury, Greenbury and Hampel committees, and became effective in respect of accounting periods ending on or before December 31, 1998.
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The company has complied throughout the period under review with all the provisions of the combined code of good practice in corporate governance, as laid down in the listing rules of the London stock exchange, except the following: 1. Code A.2.1 - At present, the roles of chairman and chief executive officer are not separated. The current policy of the company is to have an executive chairman and chief executive officer (CEO), and a managing director, president and chief operating officer (COO). However, there is a clear demarcation of responsibilities and authority between the two. The CEO is responsible for corporate strategy, brand equity, planning, external contacts, acquisitions, and board matters. The COO is responsible for all day-to-day operations-related issues, and for the achievement of annual targets in customer satisfaction, sales, profitability, quality, productivity, recruitment, training and employee retention. The company has not identified any senior member, other than the chairman, to whom concerns can be conveyed. 2. Code A.6.2, B.1.7 and B.1.8 - The current law in India mandates the retirement of one-third of the board members every year, and qualifies the retiring members for re-appointment. The executive directors are appointed by the shareholders for a maximum period of five years at one time, but are eligible for re-appointment upon completion of their term. 3. Code C.2.1 - Under Indian law, voting on a resolution in the Annual General Meeting is by show of hands, unless a poll is demanded by a member or members present in person, or by a proxy holding at least one-tenth of the total shares and entitled to vote on the resolution, or by those holding an aggregate paid up capital of at least Rs. 50,000. A proxy may not vote except in a poll. This statement along with the report of the compensation committee and the policies mentioned in the "Corporate governance" section of this report explains how the company has applied the governance principles set out in section 1 of the combined code. Internal control The combined code has introduced a requirement that the directors' review the effectiveness of the group's system of internal controls. This requirement extends the directors' review to cover all controls including: . Financial . Operational . Compliance . Risk management The company maintains a well-established control framework, comprising clear structures and accountabilities, well-understood policies and procedures, and budgeting and review processes. The company has established a system of internal controls, which is reviewed, evaluated and updated on an ongoing basis. Our internal auditors have conducted periodic audits to provide reasonable assurance that the established policies and procedures of the company have been followed. However, there are inherent limitations in weighing the assurances provided by any system of internal controls. In addition, the company has put in place prudent risk management norms, which considers significant business risks and specifies the controls needed to manage them. A detailed report is provided in the "risk management" section of this report. Further, as the business risk profile changes, new risks are periodically assessed. The controls are continually monitored using the risk management process, internal audit coverage and routine management review. The results are reviewed by the audit committee and the board. The directors confirm that they are satisfied that the company has sufficient resources to continue operations for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, they continue to adopt the going-concern basis in preparing the financial statements. [Download Table] Sd Sd Nandan M. Nilekani N. R. Narayana Murthy Bangalore Managing Director, President Chairman April 11, 2001 and Chief Operating Officer and Chief Executive Officer
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Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with GAAP requirements of Australia -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] Balance sheet (Unaudited) Infosys Technologies Limited as at March 31 Australian dollars ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CURRENT ASSETS Cash 253,949,997 193,445,114 Receivables 132,909,996 51,818,160 Investments - - Other 33,328,193 14,726,981 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 420,188,186 259,990,255 NON-CURRENT ASSETS Receivables - - Investments 11,068,783 5,264,401 Property, plant and equipment 245,126,694 78,896,045 Intangibles - - Other 23,204,507 15,696,107 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS 279,399,984 99,856,553 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TOTAL ASSETS 699,588,170 359,846,808 ==================================================================================================================================== CURRENT LIABILITIES Trade creditors 57,472 1,620,633 Unearned revenues 15,308,141 6,684,626 Provisions 68,980,707 31,278,580 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 84,346,320 39,583,839 NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES Borrowings - - Provisions - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TOTAL NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES - - TOTAL LIABILITIES 84,346,320 39,583,839 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NET ASSETS 615,241,850 320,262,969 ==================================================================================================================================== SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Share capital 12,991,471 12,990,002 Reserves 602,250,379 307,272,967 Retained profits - - Shareholders' equity attributable to members of the company 615,241,850 320,262,969 Convertible preferred stock - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 615,241,850 320,262,969 ====================================================================================================================================
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Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with GAAP requirements of Australia -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] Profit and loss account (Unaudited) Infosys Technologies Limited for the year ended March 31 Australian dollars ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Operating revenue 771,073,557 332,658,775 Operating profit before abnormal items and income tax 277,109,396 116,864,622 Abnormal items - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Operating profit before income tax 277,109,396 116,864,622 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Income tax expense / (benefit) attributable to Operating profit 27,108,845 13,001,320 Abnormal items - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Income tax expense / (benefit) for the year 27,108,845 13,001,320 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Operating profit after income tax 250,000,551 103,863,302 Outside equity interests in operating profit after income tax - - Operating profit after income tax attributable to members of Infosys Technologies Limited 250,000,551 103,863,302 Dividend on preferred stock - - Retained profits at the beginning of the financial year - - Aggregate of amounts transferred from reserves - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total available for appropriation 250,000,551 103,863,302 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dividends provided for or paid 29,681,146 11,926,546 Aggregate of amounts transferred to reserves 220,319,405 91,936,756 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Retained profits at the end of the financial year - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Basic earnings per share 3.80 1.58 Diluted earnings per share 3.75 1.58 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [Enlarge/Download Table] Notes: 1. The company's financial statements are prepared in Indian rupees, the reporting currency. These financial statements have been prepared by translating revenue and expenditure at an average rate during the year; current assets, current liabilities, property, plant and equipment, long-term borrowings at the year-end rate; and accretions to stockholders' equity at an average rate for the year. The difference arising on translation is shown under reserves. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Exchange rates used: 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Average exchange rate used 1 AUD = Rs. 25.22 1 AUD = Rs. 27.70 Closing exchange rate used 1 AUD = Rs. 22.75 1 AUD = Rs. 26.28 3. Reconciliation between Indian GAAP and Australian GAAP statements: Australian dollars ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net income as per Indian GAAP in Rs. 6,288,136,341 2,935,156,665 Net income as per Indian GAAP in Aus $ 249,331,338 105,962,334 Less : Provision for gratuity - (1,166,339) Extraordinary income (2,178,588) (2,731,799) Expenses against provisions for contingencies and e-inventing the company (154,678) (1,997,407) Add : Provision for deferred taxes 1,721,449 1,330,810 Provision for contingencies and e-inventing the - 2,465,703 company Provision for gratuity 1,281,030 - Net income as per Australian GAAP 250,000,551 103,863,302 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with GAAP requirements of Canada -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] Balance sheet (Unaudited) Canadian dollars ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ March 31 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ASSETS Current assets Cash and cash equivalents 195,181,164 169,457,920 Accounts receivable 102,152,109 45,392,708 Inventories - - Prepaid expenses and other assets 25,615,418 12,900,836 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 322,948,691 227,751,464 Property, plant and equipment 188,399,740 69,112,935 Investments 8,507,257 4,611,616 Deferred taxes 5,246,761 3,729,640 Other assets 12,587,783 10,020,149 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 537,690,232 315,225,804 ==================================================================================================================================== LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable 44,172 1,419,675 Accrued liabilities 51,101,799 26,781,318 Current portion of long-term obligations - - Advances received from clients 1,915,467 618,718 Unearned revenue 11,765,547 5,855,732 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 64,826,985 34,675,443 Long-term obligations - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 64,826,985 34,675,443 Minority interest - - Share capital Common shares - 66,158,117 outstanding 12,364,630 12,363,410 (2000 - 66,150,700 outstanding) Additional paid-in capital 117,583,215 116,801,747 Accumulated foreign currency translation adjustment (16,929,115) (25,621,031) Retained earnings 359,844,517 177,006,235 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 537,690,232 315,225,804 ====================================================================================================================================
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Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with GAAP requirements of Canada -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] Statement of earnings and retained earnings (Unaudited) Canadian dollars ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Year ended March 31 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sales 625,391,866 299,804,179 Cost of sales 322,784,546 163,705,072 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Gross margin 302,607,320 136,099,107 EXPENSES Selling, general and administration expenses 87,145,568 39,403,933 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Income from operations 215,461,752 96,695,174 Interest and other income 14,505,308 13,299,731 Interest expense - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Earnings before income taxes 229,967,060 109,994,905 Provision for income taxes 22,497,040 12,237,056 Net earnings 207,470,020 97,757,849 Cash dividend declared 24,631,738 11,225,461 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 182,838,282 86,532,388 Retained earnings, beginning of the year 177,006,235 90,473,847 Adjustment on deconsolidation of subsidiary - - Capitalization of profits - - Retained earnings, end of the year 359,844,517 177,006,235 EARNINGS PER SHARE Net earnings Basic 3.15 1.49 Fully diluted 3.11 1.48 Weighted average number of shares Basic 65,771,256 65,659,625 Fully diluted 66,714,739 65,863,990 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Notes: 1. The company's financial statements are prepared in Indian rupees, the reporting currency. These financial statements have been prepared by translating revenue and expenditure at an average rate for the year; current assets, current liabilities, property, plant and equipment, long-term borrowings at the year-end rate; and accretions to stockholders' equity at an average rate for the year. The difference arising on translation is shown under accumulated foreign currency translation adjustment. 2. Exchange rate used: Average exchange rate used 1 CAD = Rs. 30.39 1 CAD = Rs. 29.43 Closing exchange rate used 1 CAD = Rs. 29.60 1 CAD = Rs. 30.00 3. Reconciliation between the Indian GAAP and the Canadian GAAP statements: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net income as per Indian GAAP in Rs. 6,288,136,341 2,935,156,665 Net income as per Indian GAAP in Canadian dollars 206,914,654 99,733,492 Less : Provision for gratuity - (1,097,778) Extraordinary income (1,807,963) (2,571,215) Expenses against provisions for contingencies and e-inventing the company (128,364) (1,879,992) Add : Provision for deferred taxes 1,428,593 1,252,580 Provision for contingencies - 2,320,762 Provision for gratuity 1,063,100 - Net earnings as per Canadian GAAP 207,470,020 97,757,849 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with GAAP requirements of France -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] Etats financiers prepares selon les principes comptables francais (non verifies) Compte de resultat FRF ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Produits d'exploitation Vente de marchandises - - Production vendues 3,021,567,378 1,307,146,219 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Montant net du chiffres d'affaires 3,021,567,378 1,307,146,219 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Production stockee - - Production immobilisee - - Subventions d'exploitation - - Reprises sur amortissements, provisions et transfert de charges - - Autres produits - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total des produits d'exploitation (I) 3,021,567,378 1,307,146,219 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Charges d'exploitation Achat de marchandises 9,064,190 4,214,578 Variation de stocks des biens achetes - - Achat de matieres premieres et autres approvisionnements - - Variations de stocks de matieres premieres et approvisionnements - - Autres achats et charges externes - - Salaires et traitements 1,141,149,110 495,643,041 Dotations aux amortissements et aux provisions - - Sur immobilisations : Dotation aux amortissements 179,482,536 78,863,317 Sur immobilisations : Dotations aux provisions - - Sur actif circulant : Dotations aux provisions - - Pour risques et charges: dotation sur provisions - - Autres charges 650,872,709 306,834,328 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total des charges d'exploitation (II) 1,980,568,545 885,555,264 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Resultat d'exploitation (I-II) 1,040,998,833 421,590,955 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Quotes-parts de resultat sur operations faites en commun : Benefice attribue ou perte transferee (III) - - Perte attribuee ou benefices transferes (IV) - - Produits financieres De participations - - D'autres valeurs mobilieres - - Interets et produits similaires 70,082,084 57,986,829 Reprises sur provisions et transfert de charges - - Differences positives de change - - Produits nets sur cessions de valeurs immobilieres de placements - - Total des produits financiers (V) 70,082,084 57,986,829 Charges financieres Dotations aux amortissements et aux provisions - - Interet et charges similaires - - Differences negatives de change - - Charges nettes sur cessions de valeurs mobilieres de placements - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total des charges financieres (VI) - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Resultat financier (V-VI) 70,082,084 57,986,829 Resultat courant avant impots (I-II + III-IV + V-VI) 1,111,080,917 479,577,784
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Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with GAAP requirements of France -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] FRF ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Produits exceptionnels Sur operations de gestion - - Sue operations en capital - - Reprises sur provisions et transfert de charges - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total des produits exceptionnels (VII) - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Charges exceptionnelles Sur operations de gestion - - Sur operations en capital - - Dotations aux amortissements et aux provisions - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total des charges exceptionnelles (VIII) - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Resultat exceptionnel (VII-VIII) - - Participation des salaries aux fruits de l'expansion (IX) - - Impot sur les benefices (X) 108,693,968 53,353,565 Total des produits (I + III + V + VII) 3,091,649,462 1,365,133,048 Total des charges (II + IV + VI + VII + IX + X) 2,089,262,513 938,908,829 Dividendes preciputaires - - Participation a la perte de filiale deconsolidees - - Benefice ou perte 1,002,386,949 426,224,219 Notes: 1. Conversion en monnaie etrangere Les etats financiers de la societe sont prepares en roupies indiennes. Ces etats financiers ont ete prepares par la conversion des produits et des charges au taux moyen mensuel pendant l'annee; les actif et passif circulants, les immobilisations, les emprunts a long terme et accroissements des fonds propres sont calcules au taux a la fin de l'annee et les placements a long terme sont calcules selon le taux au moment du placement. La difference provenant des conversions est enregistree sous la rubrique Reserves. 2. Taux de change utilise Taux moyen de change utilise 1 FRF = Rs. 6.29 1 FRF= Rs. 6.75 Taux de change de cloture utilise 1 FRF = Rs. 6.23 1 FRF= Rs. 6.32 3. Rapprochement entre les etats financiers etablis selon les principes comptables indiens et francais: FRF ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Resultat net selon les principes comptables indiens en Rs. 6,288,136,341 2,935,156,665 Resultat net selon les principes comptables indiens en FRF 999,703,711 434,838,024 Soustraction du revenu net de la filiale inclus en consolidation en FRF Moins: diminutions relatives aux provision retraite - (4,786,311) Moins: Produit extraordinaire (8,735,135) (11,210,496) Moins: Depenses liees aux provisions pour risques et charges (620,187) (8,196,767) Addition des provisions pour impots differes en FRF 6,902,216 5,461,250 Addition relatives aux provisions pour risques et charges - 10,118,519 Addition relatives aux provision pour retraite 5,136,344 Resultat net selon les principes comptables francais en FRF 1,002,386,949 426,224,219 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with GAAP requirements of France -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] Etats financiers prepares selon les principes comptables francais (non verifies) Bilan le 31 mars, FRF ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2001 2000 --------------------------------------------- -------- Actif Brut Amortissements Net Net ou Provisions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actif immobilise Immobilisations incorporelles Frais d'etablissements - - - - Frais de recherche et de developpement - - - - Fonds comercial - - - - Autres - - - - Avance et acomptes - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - - - - Immobilisations corporelles Terrains 58,781,825 - 58,781,825 33,347,003 Constructions 253,138,782 21,474,184 231,664,598 84,920,255 Installations techniques, materiel 539,311,474 289,612,587 249,698,887 94,991,231 Autres immobilisations corporelles 161,840,797 80,777,752 81,063,045 24,682,105 Immobilisations corporelles en cours 273,917,215 - 273,917,215 90,127,137 Avances et acomptes verses ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1,286,990,093 391,864,523 895,125,570 328,067,731 Immobilisations financieres Placements evalues selon la participation - - - - Autres participations - - - - Creances rattachees a des participations - - - - Autres titres immobilises 40,419,714 - 40,419,714 21,890,581 Prets - - - - Autres - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40,419,714 - 40,419,714 21,890,581 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total de l'actif (I) 1,327,409,807 391,864,523 935,545,284 349,958,312 ==================================================================================================================================== Actif circulant Stocks et en-cours Matieres premieres et autres Approvisionnements - - - - En cours de production (biens) - - - - En cours de production (services) - - - - Produits intermediaires et finis - - - - Marchandises - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - - - - Prets aux employes 120,281,808 - 120,281,808 82,845,865 Creances Creances clients et comptes rattaches - - - - Autres creances 514,514,592 29,169,100 485,345,492 215,471,718 Capital souscrit-appele, non versel - - - - Valeurs immobilieres de placement - - - - Disponibilites 927,345,496 - 927,345,496 804,388,860 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1,441,860,088 29,169,100 1,412,690,988 1,019,860,578 Charges constatees d'avance 61,229,390 - 61,229,390 25,956,280 Total d'actif circulant (II) 1,623,371,286 29,169,100 1,594,202,186 1,128,662,723 Impots differes (III) 24,928,433 - 24,928,433 17,703,987 Primes de remboursement des obligations (IV) - - - - Ecart de conversion actif (V) - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total General (I + II + III + IV + V) 2,975,709,526 421,033,623 2,554,675,903 1,496,325,022 ====================================================================================================================================
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Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with GAAP requirements of France -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] FRF ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Passif 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Capitaux propres Capital social 49,257,515 49,251,619 Primes d'emission (de fusion, d'apport) 456,082,232 452,306,585 Ecart de reevaluation - - Reserves (benefices non distribues) Reserve legale - - Reserve statutaires - - Reserves reglementees - - Autres reserves 1,690,576,768 807,197,531 Report a nouveau - - Resultat de l'exercice (Benefice ou perte) - - Subventions d'investissement - - Provisions reglementees - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total des capitaux propres (I) 2,195,916,515 1,308,755,735 Autres capitaux propres Benefice provenant de participation subordonnee - - Avances et acomptes conditionnels - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total des autres capitaux propres - - Interets minoritaires - - Provisions Provision pour risques - - Provisions pour charges - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total des provisions (II) - - Dettes Dettes financieres Emprunts obligatoires convertibles - - Autres emprunts obligatoires - - Emprunts et dettes aupres d'etablissements de credit - - Emprunts et dettes financiers divers - - Avances et acomptes recus sur commande en cours 65,001,286 30,733,151 Dettes d'exploitation Dettes fournisseurs et comptes rattaches 209,868 6,738,962 Dettes fiscales et sociales - - Autres dettes Dettes sur immobilisations et comptes rattaches - - Autres dettes 242,795,066 127,126,510 Produits constates d'avance - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total des dettes (III) 308,006,220 164,598,623 Interet minoritaire - - Ecart de conversion passif (IV) 50,753,168 22,970,664 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total General (I + II + III + IV) 2,554,675,903 1,496,325,022 =========================================================================================================================
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Jahresabschluss erarbeitet in wesentlicher Ubereinstimmung mit den Grundsatzen einer ordnungsgemassen Buchfuhrung (GAAP) verschiedener Lander -Deutschland (untestiert) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] Bilanz zum 31. Marz DM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AKTIVA Immaterielle Vermogensgegenstande - - Sachanlagen 266.696.905 97.893.676 Finanzanlagen 12.042.794 6.532.033 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Anlagevermogen 278.739.699 104.425.709 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vorrate - - Forderungen aus Lieferungen und Leistungen 144.605.568 64.295.621 Sonstige Forderungen und sonstige Vermogensgegenstande 36.260.946 18.273.138 Marktfahige Wertpapiere und Obligationen - - Kasse, Bank 276.296.626 240.025.382 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Umlaufvermogen 457.163.140 322.594.141 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Aktiver Rechnungsabgrenzungsposten einschl. latenter Steuern 25.246.415 19.475.622 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Aktiva gesamt 761.149.254 446.495.472 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PASSIVA Gezeichnetes Kapital 14.556.575 14.554.818 Kapitalrucklage 135.055.347 133.930.344 Gewinnrucklagen 519.768.859 248.894.952 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eigenkapital 669.380.781 397.380.114 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Einziehbare Vorzugsaktien - - Registrierte Gewinnbeteiligungszertifikate - - Pensionsruckstellungen - - Sonstige Ruckstellungen 72.339.228 37.933.878 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ruckstellungen 72.339.228 37.933.878 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Verbindlichkeiten aus Lieferungen und Leistungen 62.529 2.010.870 Sonstige Verbindlichkeiten 2.711.517 876.372 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Verbindlichkeiten 2.774.046 2.887.242 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Passiver Rechnungsabgrenzungsposten 16.655.199 8.294.238 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Passiva gesamt 761.149.254 446.495.472 =============================================================================================================================
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Jahresabschluss erarbeitet in wesentlicher Ubereinstimmung mit den Grundsatzen einer ordnungsgemassen Buchfuhrung (GAAP) verschiedener Lander -Deutschland (untestiert) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] Nach den allgemeingultigen Buchfuhrungsmethoden (GAAP) erfasster Finanzbericht (ungepruft) Gewinn- und Verlustrechnung fur das Geschaftsjahr zum 31. Marz DM ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Umsatzerlose 900.315.434 389.891.161 Kosten zur Erzielung der Umsatzerlose 464.681.305 212.896.168 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bruttoergebnis vom Umsatz 435.634.129 176.994.993 Allgemeine Kosten, Vertriebs- und Verwaltungskosten 125.454.941 51.244.267 Sonstiges betriebliche Ertrage - - Sonstige betriebliche Aufwendungen - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Betriebsgewinn 310.179.188 125.750.726 Zinsen und ahnliche Ertrage 20.881.871 17.296.116 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ergebnis der gewohnlichen Geschaftstatigkeit 331.061.059 143.046.842 Ausserordentliche Ertrage - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ertrag vor Steuer 331.061.059 143.046.842 Steuern vom Einkommen 32.386.786 15.914.121 Dividende auf Vorzugsaktien - - Verlorenes Kapital durch dekonsolidierte Tochtergesellschaft - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jahresuberschuss 298.674.273 127.132.721 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Zuweisung zu Gewinnrucklagen 263.214.372 112.534.165 Dividenden an Aktionare 35.459.901 14.598.556 Ungebundener Gewinn - - Anmerkungen: 1. Umrechnung von Auslandswahrungen Die Unternehmensbilanz wird in der Berichtswahrung der indischen Rupie ausgedruckt. Diese Bilanz wurde erstellt durch die Umrechnung der Einnahmen und Ausgaben zum Jahresdurchschnittskurs; Umlaufvermogen, kurzfristigen Verbindlichkeiten, Grundstucke, Maschinen und Anlagen und langfristigen Verbindlichkeiten sowie Erhohungen des Eigenkapitals zum Jahresendkurs, dauerhafte Investitionen zum Umrechnungskurs zum Zeitpunht der Investition. Die Wahrungsumrechnungsdifferenz wird unter den Gewinnrucklagen ausgewiesen ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Verwendete Wechselkurse 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Verwendeter durchschnittlicher Wechselkurs 1 DM = Rs. 21,11 1 DM = Rs. 22,63 Verwendeter Jahresendwechselkurs 1 DM = Rs. 20,91 1 DM = Rs. 21,18 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. Abgleich zwischen den Abschlussen nach indischen GAAP und deutschen GAAP (DM): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jahresuberschuss nach indischen GAAP in Rs. 6.288.136.341 2.935.156.665 Jahresuberschuss nach indischen GAAP in DM 297.874.767 129.702.018 Abzuglich: bei Konsolidierung mit aufgenommenes Nettoeinkommen / (Verlust) der Tochtergesellschaft - - Rucklage fur Zuwendungen - (1.427.645) Ausserordentliche Ertrage (2.602.748) (3.343.829) Aufwendungen fur Ruckstellungen fur Eventualverbindlichkeiten and e-Erfindungen des Unternehmens (184.793) (2.444.904) Plus: Ruckstellungen fur Steuern 2.056.605 1.628.963 Ruckstellungen fur Eventualverbindlichkeiten and e-Erfindungen des Unternehmens - 3.018.118 Bestimmung fur Gratifikationen 1.530.442 - Gewinn fur das Geschaftsjahr nach deutschen GAAP 298.674.273 127.132.721
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Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with GAAP requirements of Japan -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [JAPANESE TEXT]
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Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with GAAP requirements of Japan -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [JAPANESE TEXT]
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[Enlarge/Download Table] Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with GAAP requirements of the United Kingdom -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Balance sheet as at March 31 (Unaudited) (Pounds) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fixed assets Tangible fixed assets 83,934,863 29,828,630 Investments 3,790,109 1,990,339 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87,724,972 31,818,969 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Current assets Stocks - - Debtors 45,510,271 19,591,156 Cash at bank and in hand 86,956,087 73,136,780 Others - advances and prepayments 17,020,090 9,892,527 Deferred tax asset 2,337,510 1,609,685 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 151,823,958 104,230,148 Creditors - amounts falling due within a year Creditors 19,679 612,721 Dividend 7,540,654 2,895,846 Provisions and other liabilities 21,321,045 11,457,097 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28,881,378 14,965,664 Net current assets 122,942,580 89,264,484 Loans and advances more than one year - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total assets less current liabilities 210,667,552 121,083,453 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Capital and reserves Called-up share capital 5,250,225 5,249,675 Share premium account 48,247,352 47,895,413 Retained profits 157,169,975 67,938,365 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Equity shareholders' funds 210,667,552 121,083,453 Convertible preferred stock - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 210,667,552 121,083,453 ==================================================================================================================================
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Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with GAAP requirements of the United Kingdom -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] Profit and loss account for the years ended March 31 (Unaudited) (Pounds) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Turnover 281,648,767 126,770,646 Operating expenses 184,614,347 85,883,592 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Operating profit 97,034,420 40,887,054 Interest receivable 6,532,548 5,623,722 Interest payable - - Net interest (payable)/receivable 6,532,548 5,623,722 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Profit on ordinary activities before taxation and exceptional items 103,566,968 46,510,776 Exceptional items - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Profit on ordinary activities before taxation 103,566,968 46,510,776 Taxation on profit on ordinary activities 10,131,670 5,174,376 Profit on ordinary activities after taxation 93,435,298 41,336,400 Dividend on preferred stock - - Equity in loss of deconsolidated subsidiary - - Profit for the financial year 93,435,298 41,336,400 Dividends 11,093,042 4,746,628 Retained profits for the financial year 82,342,256 36,589,772 Earnings per ordinary share: Undiluted 1.42 0.63 Diluted 1.42 0.63 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notes: 1. The company's financial statements are prepared in Indian rupees, the reporting currency. These financial statements have been prepared by translating revenue and expenditure at an average rate for the year; current assets, current liabilities, property, plant and equipment, long-term borrowings at the year-end rate; and accretions to stockholders' equity at an average rate for the year. The difference arising on translation is shown under retained profits. 2. Exchange rates used: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Average exchange rate used 1(Pounds) = Rs. 67.48 1(Pounds) = Rs. 69.60 Closing exchange rate used 1(Pounds) = Rs. 66.44 1(Pounds) = Rs. 69.51 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. Reconciliation between Indian GAAP and UK GAAP statements: (Pounds) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2001 2000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net income as per Indian GAAP in Rs. 6,288,136,341 2,935,156,665 Net income as per Indian GAAP in (Pounds) 93,185,185 42,171,791 Less : Provision for gratuity - (464,190) Expenses against provisions for contingency and e-inventing the company (57,809) (794,945) Extraordinary income (814,226) (1,087,225) Add : Provision for deferred taxes 643,375 529,647 Provision for contingency and e-inventing the company - 981,322 Provision for gratuity 478,773 - Profit for the financial year as per the UK GAAP 93,435,298 41,336,400 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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