Document/ExhibitDescriptionPagesSize 1: 10-K Ashton Woods Usa L.L.C. HTML 460K
2: EX-10.14 EX-10.14 Form of Employment Agreement Robert HTML 9K
Salomon
3: EX-21 EX-21 List of Subsidiaries HTML 9K
4: EX-31.1 EX-31.1 Section 302 Certification of the CEO HTML 13K
5: EX-31.2 EX-31.2 Section 302 Certification of the CFO HTML 13K
6: EX-32.1 EX-32.1 Section 906 Certification of the CEO HTML 8K
7: EX-32.2 EX-32.2 Section 906 Certification of the CFO HTML 9K
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Nevada
75-2721881
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Incorporation or Organization)
1080 Holcomb Bridge Rd. Bldg 200 Suite 350
30076
Roswell, Georgia
(Zip Code)
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(770) 998-9663
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Name of each exchange
on which registered
None
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in
Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes
o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to
Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed
by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation
S-K is not contained herein and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge,
in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form
10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated
filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated
filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of
the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
registrant: Not Applicable. The registrant has no publicly traded equity securities.
We are one of the largest private homebuilders in the United States based on number of home
closings and revenues. We design, build and market high-quality single-family detached homes,
townhomes and stacked-flat condominiums under the Ashton Woods Homes brand name. We operate in
Atlanta, Dallas, Houston, Orlando, Phoenix and Tampa and are establishing homebuilding operations
in Denver. These cities represent seven of the 20 largest new residential housing markets in the
United States according to the U.S. Census Bureau. We have been in operation for over 15 years and
serve a broad customer base including first-time buyers and first- and second-time move-up buyers.
We focus on achieving the highest standards in design, quality and customer satisfaction. We have
received numerous awards, including the 2005 and 2004 J.D. Power Award for Highest in Customer
Satisfaction with New Homebuilders in Atlanta, and we were ranked in the top 10% of all
homebuilders nationally in customer satisfaction in 2005 and 2004 by an independent nationally
recognized survey company not affiliated with us.
BUSINESS STRATEGY
Provide Our Customers with Superior Value, Quality and Customer Service. Based on the awards
we have received, we believe we are recognized for building homes that offer superior design,
excellent quality and outstanding value. We believe that our rigorous focus on value, quality and
customer service provides us with an important competitive advantage and enables us to increase our
sales and enhance our profitability. We perform comprehensive research of homebuyer preferences and
utilize the services of award-winning outside architectural firms to provide our customers with
attractive, well designed homes, consistent with the tastes and trends in each of our markets. We
offer our homebuyers the opportunity to customize their new homes in our state-of-the-art Ashton
Woods Homes Design Centers in Atlanta, Dallas, Houston and Orlando, or in our fully decorated model
homes in each of our communities. We instill in all our employees the importance of high quality
and superior customer service through extensive in-house training, as well as through a
compensation structure directly tied to our J.D. Power customer satisfaction results.
Our reputation for outstanding quality, superior designs and excellent customer service is
evidenced by the numerous awards and accolades we have received over the past several years. These
awards include:
•
the 2006 Parade of Homes Grand Award (from the Tampa Bay Builders Association);
•
the 2006 Blue Ribbon for Best Overall Floor Plan (from the Tampa Bay Builders Association);
•
the 2005 Best Model Park in Houston (from the Greater Houston Builders Association);
•
the 2004 Small Volume Builder of the Year in Phoenix (from the Homebuilders
Association of Central Arizona);
•
the 2004 Best Interior Merchandising for Homes from $226,000 to $350,000 in
Phoenix (from the Homebuilders Association of Central Arizona);
•
the 2004 Best Detached Floor Plan Design for Homes from $226,000 to $350,000 in
Phoenix (from the Homebuilders Association of Central Arizona);
•
first place in 2004 for Production Detached Homes from $296,000 to $307,000 in
Orlando (from the Homebuilders Association of Metro Orlando).
The entities sponsoring these awards are trade organizations. Although we, along with other
homebuilders, are members in the organizations sponsoring these awards, we do not have an
ownership interest in and are not otherwise affiliated with the award sponsors. Additionally, we
were the only homebuilder to receive a five-star rating for home design in Atlanta from J.D.
Power, where we were also awarded Highest in Customer Satisfaction with New Homebuilders by J.D.
Power in 2005 and 2004. Our commitment to customer service has been further
recognized in a
nationwide survey, where we ranked in the top 10% of homebuilders nationally in 2005 and 2004.
We intend to continue to increase sales and profitability by continuing to provide superior
values, quality and customer service.
Information regarding the J.D. Power and Associates 2005 New Home Builder Customer
Satisfaction Studysm was based on responses from 73,353 buyers of newly constructed
homes in 30 of the largest U.S. markets, who were surveyed between March-July 2005. With respect to
the 2005 survey, the Atlanta market covers Barrow, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, Dawson, Dekalb,
Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Hall, Henry, Newton, Paulding, Rockdale, Spalding and
Walton counties. Information regarding the J.D. Power 2004 New Home Builder Customer Satisfaction
Studysm was based on responses from 64,502 buyers of newly constructed homes,
respectively, in 25 of the largest U.S. markets. With respect to the 2004 survey, the Atlanta
market covers Barrow, Bartow, Carroll, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, Dawson, DeKalb, Douglas,
Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Hall, Henry, Newton, Paulding, Rockdale, Spalding and Walton
counties.
Leverage Our Product, Customer and Geographic Diversification. We offer a broad portfolio of
products including single-family detached homes, townhomes and stacked-flat condominiums, designed
for and marketed to first-time buyers and first- and second-time move-up buyers. We operate or are
initiating operations in seven geographically diverse markets. Our product, customer and geographic
diversification enables us to balance dynamic market conditions, enhance financial stability and
reduce our exposure to any specific market or homebuyer segment. Single-family detached homes,
townhomes, stacked-flat condominiums and active adult communities accounted for 72%, 14%, 13% and
1%, respectively, of our net new home orders for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2006, and 70%, 20%
and 10%, respectively, of our net new home orders for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2005. We
capitalize on our broad product portfolio by targeting a diversified customer base. We estimate
that first-time buyers, and first- and second-time move-up buyers accounted for 37%, 41% and 22%,
respectively, of our net new home orders during the fiscal year ended May 31, 2006 and 40%, 34% and
26%, respectively, of our net new home orders during the fiscal year ended May 31, 2005.
We believe we are able to successfully leverage our market presence in our existing markets
and enhance our product offerings. We believe we are able to appeal to a broader group of
homebuyers and enhance our growth without a significant increase of overhead costs. This strategy
has proven successful as we continue to introduce new product lines in each of our markets
including stacked-flat condominiums in Atlanta and Orlando, a townhome product line in Dallas and
an active adult line targeted to buyers over 55 years of age in Atlanta. We intend to continue to
leverage our product, customer and geographic diversification to enhance our growth prospects and
profitability while maintaining a conservative financial profile.
Pursue Disciplined Expansion in Large, High Growth Markets. We currently operate in Atlanta,
Dallas, Houston, Orlando, Phoenix and Tampa, six of the eleven largest new residential housing
markets in the United States by single-family housing starts. We are initiating operations in
Denver, the fourteenth largest new residential housing market in the United States. Our seven
markets are also some of the fastest growing in the nation, achieving a compounded annual growth
rate in single-family housing starts of 9.0% between 2000 and 2005, compared to the national
average of 7.0%, according to Global Insight’s estimates. Enhancing our product and price point
portfolio in each of our existing markets is central to our growth strategy. We perform extensive
research, including customer focus groups, to determine demand for additional product offerings in
each of our markets. We target the homebuyer segments with the most attractive demand and supply
characteristics, which we identify with the help of proprietary market studies analyzing economic
and demographic trends and the competitive environment. We believe our existing markets offer
attractive long-term growth opportunities. We further believe we have demonstrated our ability to
effectively compete and succeed in our markets through our expansion into townhomes, stacked-flat
condominiums and an active adult line in certain of our markets.
We will also continue to evaluate prudent expansion opportunities into select new markets. Our
strategy for growth in new markets is driven by identifying large homebuilding markets with
attractive long-term growth prospects and favorable supply and demand characteristics. We typically
hire experienced local managers to manage each new market and initially focus on providing homes
for the first- and second-time move-up buyer segments. While we consider acquisitions where
attractive opportunities are identified, we have historically pursued a strategy of developing
start-up operations to drive our expansion in select new markets.
Acquire and Develop Strong Land Positions. We maintain a rigorous focus on only acquiring land
in premier
locations, which we believe provides us with superior competitive positioning and enhanced
operational performance. We target land opportunities in each of our markets largely through the
use of an in-depth analysis of supply and demand fundamentals, combined with site-specific
financial feasibility studies, which we prepare with the help of our local operational managers. We
utilize strict financial hurdles to evaluate each land acquisition opportunity. This process
enables us to optimize our financial returns while minimizing our land and inventory risk.
Additionally, we develop a significant portion of the land we use in our homebuilding
operations. We believe that our considerable expertise in land development enables us to maintain
attractive land positions, create desirable communities and optimize our financial returns. We
intend to continue to utilize our disciplined land selection process and land development expertise
to maintain and enhance our strong land positions.
Manage Inventory Risk and Maintain Conservative Financial Profile. We operate with a
conservative approach to financial and inventory management, maintaining prudent leverage and
substantial liquidity. We have a disciplined land acquisition process with strict financial
hurdles. All land purchases must be approved by our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial
Officer. We target a four-year supply of land, achieving a balance of land owned and developed for
our own use, and additional lots controlled through option contracts. As of May 31, 2006, our
supply of land controlled for use in our homebuilding operations was 2.9 years, consisting of a
2.2-year supply of owned land and a 0.7-year supply of land controlled through option contracts.
Additionally, we actively manage our housing inventory by pre-selling substantially all of our
homes prior to starting construction, limiting our inventory risk and minimizing our construction
cycles. Limitations on the number of speculative units are approved at the corporate level. As of
May 31, 2006, we had only 73 completed but unsold homes among our 51 active communities. Our
disciplined strategy enables us to maintain a conservative leverage and liquidity profile. As of
May 31, 2006, our total debt to total capitalization was 51.5%, and we had $237.2 million available
for borrowing under our senior unsecured credit facility. We intend to continue to deploy our
capital prudently and efficiently and to maintain a conservative inventory and financial profile.
Leverage Our Highly Experienced Management Team. We benefit from a strong and experienced
senior management team, with our executive officers averaging more than 15 years of experience in
the homebuilding industry. Thomas Krobot, our Chief Executive Officer, has 34 years of industry
experience and has been with our company since 1995. Robert Salomon, our Chief Financial Officer,
has 13 years of industry experience and has been with us since 1998. Mark Thomas, our Senior Vice
President, has 10 years of industry experience and joined the Company in 2006. In addition to our
seasoned senior management team, we have an outstanding group of division presidents who manage
our individual markets. Each division president brings substantial industry knowledge and deep
market expertise, with an average of 16 years of experience in new residential construction.
HISTORY
We are headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. We were founded in 1989 in Dallas and have
expanded into several growing housing markets primarily in the South and Southwest United States.
Since our inception, we have grown organically by forming homebuilding and land development
operations in select strategic markets with strong housing and employment growth characteristics.
Our initial homebuilding operations were established in Dallas in 1989, followed by Houston in
1990 and Atlanta in 1992. We formed land development operations in Denver in 1994 and Orlando in
1998. We focused on growing our core markets until 2001 when we entered a second expansion phase
through the formation of homebuilding operations in Orlando in 2001 and Phoenix in 2002. We most
recently entered Tampa with homebuilding operations and expanded our presence in Denver with
homebuilding operations in fiscal year 2005.
OWNERSHIP
We are owned by six families or family trusts related to the following individuals: Elly
Reisman, Norman Reisman, Bruce Freeman, Seymour Joffe, Larry Robbins and Harry Rosenbaum. The
owners control us through individual Nevada-based holding companies in which each family or
family trust owns all of the equity interests.
The same families and family trusts or related parties also control the Great Gulf Group of
Companies
(“Great Gulf Group”), which was formed in Toronto in 1983. Great Gulf Group’s
operations, in addition to
Ashton Woods, consist of one of Toronto’s largest homebuilders of single-family attached and
detached homes and high rise condominiums, a commercial, retail and industrial properties
construction and management company, and other operations focused in land and resort development,
as well as diversified financial investments.
MARKETS AND PRODUCTS
We operate in Atlanta, Dallas, Houston, Orlando, Phoenix and Tampa and are establishing
operations in Denver. We evaluate a number of factors in determining which geographic markets to
enter. We analyze economic and real estate conditions by evaluating such statistical information
as the historical and projected population growth, the number of new jobs created and projected to
be created, the number of housing starts in previous periods, building lot availability and price,
housing inventory, competitive environment, and home sale absorption rates.
We generally seek to maintain the flexibility to alter our product mix within a given market
depending on market conditions. In determining our product mix in each market we consider
demographic trends, demand for a particular type of product, margins, timing and the economic
strength of the market. While remaining responsive to market opportunities within the industry, we
have focused, and intend to continue to focus, our business primarily on first-time and first- and
second-time move-up buyers offering single-family detached homes, townhomes and stacked-flat
condominiums, which are developments with four or fewer stories of condominium units.
While we develop single-family detached homes in all of our markets, townhomes are currently
only offered in Atlanta, Orlando and Dallas. In addition, this year we began developing
stacked-flat condominiums in the Atlanta and Orlando markets, which we believe will further
diversify our product portfolio and appeal to a broader base of customers. For the fiscal year
ended May 31, 2006, our homebuilding revenue was comprised of single-family detached homes (77% of
revenues), townhomes (16% of revenues) and condominiums (7% of revenues).
Our single-family detached homes range in price from $110,000 to over $650,000, and our
townhomes range in price from $140,000 to over $400,000. Stacked-flat condominiums have prices
ranging from $160,000 to over $290,000.
As of May 31, 2006, we had 51 active communities in our existing markets, comprised of 41
single-family detached home communities, seven townhome communities, two stacked-flat condominium
communities and one active adult single-family detached home community.
HOME DESIGN AND DESIGN CENTERS
We are dedicated to providing high-quality, well-designed homes in desirable communities
meeting the demands of today’s homebuyers. The product line offered in a particular community
depends upon many factors, including the supply of existing housing and the demand for new
housing in the general area. In order to ensure we meet the demand in the marketplace, we conduct
in-depth qualitative and quantitative market research including consumer focus groups. This
research enables us to improve the linkage between the design of our homes and the community
development and meet the specific lifestyle demands of our targeted homebuyer.
Our in-house architectural team manages outside architects to ensure our home designs provide
maximum utilization of space for the wide variety of product offerings ranging from single-family
detached homes and townhomes for both first-time homebuyers and move-up homebuyers to our
stacked-flat condominiums for first-time homebuyers.
We maintain fully decorated model homes in each of our communities merchandised to provide the
homebuyers with the ability to view the completed product as part of their buying decision. In
addition, we utilize our Ashton Woods Homes Design Centers to provide homebuyers the ability to
personalize their homes. The design centers are staffed with expert in-house designers who can help
make selections from an extensive array of products, including carpets, tiles, cabinets, light
fixtures and countertops, among others. Our home design centers are organized to fully facilitate
the home buying experience for both first-time homebuyers and move-up homebuyers.
Our land strategy is to maintain a four-year land supply, based on homes closed during the
last twelve months, and we believe that our attractive land positions in our markets will enable us
to continue to increase our residential production. As of May 31, 2006, we had a land supply for
use in our homebuilding operations of approximately 2.9 years, consisting of a 2.2-year supply of
owned land and a 0.7-year supply of land controlled through option contracts.
We typically purchase land only after necessary entitlements have been obtained so that
development or construction may begin as market conditions dictate. The term “entitlements’’ refers
to development agreements, tentative maps or recorded plats, depending on the jurisdiction within
which the land is located. Entitlements generally give the developer the right to obtain building
permits upon compliance with conditions that are ordinarily within the developer’s control. Even
though entitlements are usually obtained before land is purchased, we are still required to secure
a variety of other governmental approvals and permits during development. The process of obtaining
such approvals and permits can substantially delay the development process. For this reason, we may
consider, on a limited basis, purchasing unentitled property in the future when we can do so in a
manner consistent with our business strategy.
We select land for control based upon a variety of factors, including:
•
internal and external demographic and marketing studies;
•
project suitability;
•
suitability for development generally within a one to four-year time period from
the beginning of the development process to the delivery of the last home;
•
financial review as to the feasibility of the proposed project, including
projected profit margins, return on capital employed and the capital payback
period;
•
results of environmental and legal due diligence;
•
proximity to local traffic corridors and amenities; and
•
management’s judgment as to the real estate market and economic trends, and our
experience in a particular market.
In addition to the land purchased specifically for our homebuilding operations, we have in the
past pursued land development opportunities in which we acquired and developed lots for sale to
third party builders in addition to use in our own homebuilding operations. We still hold some of
this land for our use and for sale to third party builders in Denver and Orlando, among other
markets.
Our land development activities in Denver consist of the development of custom lots for sale
to third party custom builders in Parker, Colorado, which is southeast of Denver. As of May 31,2006, we held 43 finished lots and 239 lots under development during the coming fiscal years for
sale to third parties.
We believe that we have significant land development expertise which we will continue to
leverage in developing land for our own use. However, we do not plan to engage in land development
for sale to third parties as a significant aspect of our business in the future.
We acquire land through purchases, rolling option contracts and joint ventures with other
builders or developers. We acquire approximately one-fourth of our land through rolling option
contracts, which allow us to control lots and land without incurring the risks of land ownership or
financial commitments other than relatively small non-refundable deposits. We enter into option
contracts with third parties to purchase finished lots generally as home construction begins. These
contracts are generally non-recourse and require non-refundable deposits of 2% to 15% of the sales
price. As of May 31, 2006, we had $3.5 million in non-refundable deposits on real estate under
option or contract. As of May 31, 2006, we had 6,900 lots under control for use in our homebuilding
operations, 5,231 of which are owned by us and 1,669 or 24.0%, of which are available to us through
rolling options. As of May 31, 2006, our commitments under option contracts with specific
performance obligations were $0.4 million. Once
we acquire land, we generally initiate development
through contractual agreements with local subcontractors. These
activities include site planning, engineering and home construction, as well as constructing
road, sewer, water, utilities, drainage, recreation facilities and other refinements.
The following table presents information regarding land owned and land under option by market as of
May 31, 2006:
Lots under
Finished
development
Raw land
Total lots
Lots under
Total lots
Market
lots
(# of lots)
(# of lots)
owned
Option*
controlled
Atlanta
246
661
—
907
191
1,098
Dallas
305
445
—
750
692
1,442
Houston
208
335
—
543
620
1,163
Orlando
13
1,165
110
1,288
33
1,321
Phoenix
121
1,007
—
1,128
—
1,128
Tampa
226
307
—
533
3
536
Denver
—
82
—
82
130
212
Total
1,119
4,002
110
5,231
1,669
6,900
% of total lots controlled
16.2
%
58.0
%
1.6
%
75.8
%
24.2
%
100
%
*
Includes (i) options under agreements with unrelated third parties and related parties, (ii)
options under agreements with joint ventures with unrelated third parties and related parties,
and (iii) 424 lots in Houston held by a joint venture with an unrelated third party that is
managed by us and as to which option agreements do not yet exist. All of the controlled lots
held by joint ventures described below under “Joint Ventures” are included in “Lots under
option”.
Additionally, we own one finished lot and 239 lots of raw land and land under development in
Denver that are not anticipated to be used in our homebuilding operations.
JOINT VENTURES
Occasionally, we use partnerships or joint ventures to purchase and develop land where these
arrangements are economically advantageous. As of May 31, 2006, we controlled 835 lots for future
use by our homebuilding operations through joint ventures with unrelated third parties. We
anticipate continuing to form new partnerships or joint ventures in the future where economically
advantageous.
LETTERS OF CREDIT
We are frequently required, in connection with the development of our projects, to obtain
letters of credit in support of our related obligations with respect to such developments. The
amount of such obligations outstanding at any time varies in accordance with our pending
development activities. In the event any letters of credit are drawn upon, we would be obligated to
reimburse the issuer of such letters of credit. As May 31, 2006, we had outstanding $25.4 million
of letters of credit related to our obligations to local governments to construct roads and other
improvements in various developments. We do not believe that any such letters of credit will be
drawn upon.
Occasionally, we are required to post surety bonds, however, the amounts of these surety bonds
have not been material.
MARKETING AND SALES
We believe that we have established a reputation for developing high quality homes, which
helps generate interest in each new project. We market our products through a variety of means
ranging from fully decorated model homes at each of our communities to newspaper and magazine
advertising as well as internet exposure via our website. We focus on continually improving upon
our brand awareness and maintaining consistency across our various markets. To this end, we have
implemented a standardized sales office design and have increased national advertising to further
these initiatives.
We normally build, decorate, furnish and landscape between one and four model homes for each
project and maintain on-site sales offices. As of May 31, 2006, we maintained 115 model homes, all
of which were owned. We believe that model homes play a particularly important role in our
marketing efforts. Consequently, we expend a
significant effort in creating an attractive
atmosphere at our model homes. Interior decorations are undertaken by
local third-party design specialists, and vary within our models based upon the lifestyles of
targeted homebuyers. Structural changes in design from the model homes are generally permitted
within specific guidelines, and homebuyers may select various optional amenities through the
Ashton Woods Homes Design Centers which allow our homebuyers to personalize their new home. The
design centers are staffed with expert in-house designers that can help make selections from an
extensive array of resources. Homebuyers can choose from among hundreds of carpets, tiles, floors,
cabinets, light fixtures, countertops and more.
We generally sell our homes through commissioned employees. Our personnel are available to
assist prospective homebuyers by providing them with floor plans, price information, tours of
model homes and assisting them with the selection of options. The selection of interior features
is a principal component of our marketing and sales efforts. Sales personnel are trained by us
and attend periodic meetings to be updated on sales techniques, competitive products in the area,
the availability of financing, construction schedules and marketing and advertising plans, which
management believes result in a sales force with extensive knowledge of our operating policies
and housing products. Our policy also provides that sales personnel be licensed real estate
agents where required by law.
We sometimes use various sales incentives (such as landscaping and certain interior home
options and upgrades) in order to attract homebuyers. The use of incentives depends largely on
local economic and competitive market conditions.
Sales of our homes are made pursuant to home sale contracts the terms of which vary according
to market practices and to the legal requirements of the markets in which they are used. Typically,
each contract requires a deposit from the homebuyer, which may vary from one to 40 percent of the
purchase price, according to product type and market practice. In addition, the home sale contract
typically contains a financing contingency. The financing contingency provides homebuyers with the
right to cancel in the event they are unable to obtain financing at a prevailing interest rate
within a specified time period from the execution of the home sale contract.
CUSTOMER FINANCING
As part of our objective to make the home buying process more convenient and to increase the
efficiency of our building cycle, we originate mortgages for our customers through Ashton Woods
Mortgage, LLC, which is a joint venture with Wells Fargo Home Mortgage. It has a mortgage capture
rate (representing the percentage of our homes closed with mortgages originated by Ashton Woods
Mortgage, LLC) of more than 60.0% and does not retain or service the mortgages that it originates.
Ashton Woods Mortgage, LLC provides mortgage origination services only, and it originates mortgage
financing for qualified homebuyers for the ultimate purchase of our homes. Upon origination, the
mortgages are sold concurrently to Wells Fargo Home Mortgage or other third party mortgage
companies as deemed necessary by Wells Fargo Home Mortgage. We record Ashton Woods Mortgage, LLC’s
earnings using the equity method of accounting, and its earnings are a component of the line item
of “Earnings in unconsolidated entities’’ on our income statement.
TITLE SERVICES
We also offer title services to our homebuyers in Dallas and Houston through 49.0%
ownership interests in two title companies. We also recently entered into a joint venture with
a third party title company to provide title services to our homebuyers in Florida with a 49.0%
ownership interest. The title service companies are managed by, and all underwriting risks
associated with the title are transferred to, the majority owners of these companies. The
earnings from these title companies are recorded using the equity method of accounting, and the
earnings are a component of the line item “Earnings in unconsolidated entities’’ on our income
statement.
CONSTRUCTION
We act as the general contractor for the construction of our projects. Subcontractors are
typically retained on a project-by-project basis to complete construction at a fixed price.
Agreements with our subcontractors and material suppliers are generally entered into after
competitive bidding. Our divisional project operators supervise the construction of each project,
coordinate the activities of subcontractors and suppliers, subject their work to quality and cost
controls and assure compliance with zoning and building codes.
We specify that quality, durable materials be used in the construction of our homes. We have
numerous
suppliers of raw materials and services used in our business, and such materials and
services have been and
continue to be available. From time to time we enter into regional and national supply
contracts with certain of our vendors to leverage our purchasing power and size to control costs.
However, we do not have any material long-term contractual commitments with any of our
subcontractors or suppliers. We do not maintain inventories of construction materials except for
materials being utilized for homes under construction. Material prices may fluctuate due to
various factors, including demand or supply shortages, which may be beyond the control of our
vendors. We believe that our relationships with our suppliers and subcontractors are good.
Construction time for our homes depends on the availability of labor, materials and supplies,
the type and size of the home, location and weather conditions. Our homes are designed to promote
efficient use of space and materials, and to minimize construction costs and time. In all of our
markets, construction of a home is typically completed within four to five months following
commencement of construction.
WARRANTY PROGRAM
We offer a standard one, two, ten-year warranty program. The one-year limited warranty covers
workmanship and materials and includes home inspection visits with the customer. We subcontract our
homebuilding work to subcontractors who provide us with an indemnity and a certificate of insurance
prior to receiving payments for their work and, therefore, claims relating to workmanship and
materials are generally the primary responsibility of our subcontractors. In addition, the first
year of our warranty covers defects in plumbing, electrical, heating, cooling and ventilation
systems, and construction defects. The second year of the warranty covers construction defects and
certain defects in plumbing, electrical, heating, cooling and ventilation systems of the home
(exclusive of defects in appliances, fixtures and equipment). The remaining years of protection
cover only construction defects.
We record a liability of approximately 0.7% to 1.0% of the sales price of a home to cover
warranty expenses, although this allowance is subject to adjustment in special circumstances.
Our historical experience is that warranty expenses generally fall within the amount
established for such allowance.
In addition, we maintain insurance coverage with Residential Warranty Corporation for
construction defects. We believe that our accruals and third party insurance are adequate to
cover the ultimate resolution of our potential liabilities associated with known and anticipated
warranty and construction defect related claims and litigation.
CORPORATE OPERATIONS
We perform the following functions at a centralized level:
•
evaluate and select geographic markets;
•
allocate capital resources to particular markets, including final approval of all land acquisitions;
•
regulate the flow of financial resources and maintain relationships with our lenders;
•
maintain centralized information systems; and
•
monitor the decentralized operations of our subsidiaries and divisions.
We allocate capital resources necessary for new projects in a manner consistent with our
overall operating strategy. We utilize return on assets, gross margins, net income margin and
inventory turnover as the primary criteria for our allocation of capital resources. We will vary
the capital allocation based on market conditions, results of operations and other factors. Capital
commitments are determined through consultation among selected executive and operational personnel,
who play an important role in ensuring that new projects are consistent with our strategy.
Centralized financial controls are also maintained through the standardization of accounting and
financial policies and procedures.
Structurally, we operate through separate divisions, which are located within the market in
which they operate. Each division is managed by executives with substantial experience in the
division’s market. In addition, each division is equipped with the skills to complete the functions
of land acquisition, land development, construction, marketing, sales, product service and
accounting.
COMPETITION AND MARKET FACTORS
The development and sale of residential properties is highly competitive and fragmented. We
compete with numerous small and large residential builders for sales on the basis of a number of
interrelated factors, including
location, reputation, amenities, design, quality and price. We also
compete for sales with individual resales of
existing homes, available rental housing and resales of stacked-flat condominiums. We believe
that we compare favorably to other builders in the markets in which we operate, due primarily to
our experience within our geographic markets and breadth of product line, which allows us to vary
our product offerings to reflect changing conditions within a market; our responsiveness to market
conditions, enabling us to capitalize on the opportunities for advantageous land acquisitions in
desirable locations; and our reputation for quality design, construction and service.
Notwithstanding our perceived advantages with respect to other builders, some of our competitors
have significantly greater financial resources or lower costs than we do. Because some of our
competitors are larger than us, they may possess certain advantages over us, such as the ability to
raise money at lower cost and the ability to negotiate significantly better prices on supplies and
with subcontractors. Certain of our smaller competitors may have an advantage over us because they
tend to have closer ties to the communities in which they build and, based on length of operation
in the market, better name recognition than us. Furthermore, many custom homebuilders may have an
advantage over us because purchasers of custom homes tend to want a level of flexibility in the
design and construction of their homes that we do not offer.
The demand for new housing is affected by consumer confidence levels and prevailing economic
conditions generally, including employment and interest rate levels. A variety of other factors
affect the housing industry and demand for new homes, including the availability of labor and
materials and increases in the costs thereof, changes in costs associated with home ownership such
as increases in property taxes and energy costs, changes in consumer preferences, demographic
trends and the availability of and changes in mortgage financing programs.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
Substantially all of our land is purchased with entitlements, giving us the right to obtain
building permits upon compliance with specified conditions, which generally are within our control.
Upon compliance with such conditions, we must obtain building permits. The length of time necessary
to obtain such permits and approvals affects the carrying costs of unimproved property acquired for
the purpose of development and construction. In addition, the continued effectiveness of permits
already granted is subject to factors such as changes in policies, rules and regulations and their
interpretation and application. Several governmental authorities have imposed impact fees as a
means of defraying the cost of providing certain governmental services to developing areas. To
date, the governmental approval processes discussed above have not had a material adverse effect on
our development activities and have not had a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings
and competitive position, and indeed all homebuilders in a given market face the same fees and
restrictions. There can be no assurance, however, that these and other restrictions will not
adversely affect us in the future.
We may also be subject to periodic delays or may be precluded entirely from developing
communities due to building moratoriums or “slow-growth’’ or “no-growth’’ initiatives or building
permit allocation ordinances which could be implemented in the future in the states and markets in
which we operate. Substantially all of our land is entitled and, therefore, the moratoriums
generally would only adversely affect us if they arose from health, safety and welfare issues such
as insufficient water or sewage facilities. Local and state governments also have broad discretion
regarding the imposition of development fees for projects in their jurisdiction. These fees are
normally established, however, when we receive recorded final maps and building permits. We are
also subject to a variety of local, state and federal statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations
concerning the protection of health and the environment. Although in the future these laws may
result in delays, cause us to incur substantial compliance and other costs, and prohibit or
severely restrict development in certain environmentally sensitive regions or areas, these laws
have not had a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings and competitive position.
EMPLOYEES
As of May 31, 2006, we employed 502 people, of whom 135 were sales and marketing personnel,
194 were executive, management and administrative personnel and 173 were involved in construction.
Although none of the our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements, certain of the
subcontractors engaged by us are represented by labor unions or are subject to collective
bargaining arrangements. We believe that our relations with our employees and subcontractors are
good.
Important factors currently known to management that could cause actual results to differ
materially from those in forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:
Our home sales and operating revenues could decline due to macroeconomic and other factors
outside of our control, such as changes in consumer confidence, declines in employment levels and
terrorist attacks.
The housing industry historically has been cyclical and has been affected significantly by
adverse changes in consumer confidence levels and prevailing general and local economic
conditions, including interest rate levels. These changes in economic conditions may result in
more caution on the part of potential purchasers of our homes and consequently result in a decline
in our home sales. Significant drivers of these economic conditions involve, among other things,
conditions of supply and demand in our markets as well as changes in consumer confidence and
income, employment levels, interest rate levels, government regulations, terrorist attacks and
domestic and international instability. These risks and uncertainties could periodically have an
adverse effect on consumer demand for and the pricing of our homes, which could impact our
operating performance, make it more difficult for us to compete with larger home builders who have
more resources to address pricing pressure and cause our operating revenues to decline. While the
factors discussed above may have an impact on the homebuilding industry generally, they may have a
more significant impact on us compared to certain of our competitors because our operations are
concentrated in fewer geographic markets and because we may not have as significant reserves of
resources to help us adjust to a decline in demand for our homes.
Our operating results are variable, and as a result, our historical performance may not be a
meaningful indicator of future results.
We have historically experienced, and in the future expect to continue to experience,
variability in our operating results on a quarterly and an annual basis. Factors expected to
contribute to this variability include, among other things:
•
the timing of land acquisitions and zoning and other regulatory approvals;
•
the timing of home closings, land sales and level of home sales;
•
our product mix;
•
our ability to continue to acquire additional land or options thereon on acceptable terms;
•
the condition of the real estate market and the general economy;
•
delays in construction due to acts of God, adverse weather, reduced
subcontractor availability and strikes; and
•
employment levels.
For example, the timing of land acquisitions, zoning and other regulatory approvals impacts
our ability to pursue the development of new housing projects in accordance with our business plan.
If the timing of land acquisitions or zoning or regulatory approvals is delayed, we will be delayed
in our ability to develop housing projects, which would likely decrease our backlog. Furthermore,
these delays could result in a decrease in our revenues and earnings for the periods in which the
delays occur and possibly subsequent periods until the planned housing projects can be completed. A
delay in a significant number of home closings or land sales due to acts of God, adverse weather,
subcontractor availability or strikes would have a similar impact on revenues and earnings for the
period in which the delays occur. Further, revenues may increase in subsequent periods over what
would normally be expected as a result of increased home closings as the delays described above are
resolved.
Changes in employment levels could affect the number of people seeking new housing in one or
more of our markets. Consequently, if there was an adverse change in employment levels in our
markets, we may not reach our projected level of home sales, and we may have planned the
construction of more homes than necessary resulting in a slowdown in the closing of our
developments. Conversely, favorable changes in employment levels could result in unexpected
increases in the Company’s revenues and earnings.
An increase in mortgage interest rates or unavailability of mortgage financing may reduce
consumer
demand for our homes.
Virtually all purchasers of our homes finance their acquisitions through lenders providing
mortgage financing. A substantial increase in mortgage interest rates or unavailability of mortgage
financing would adversely affect the ability of prospective homebuyers to obtain the financing they
would need in order to purchase our homes, as well as adversely affect the ability of prospective
move-up homebuyers to sell their current homes. For example, if mortgage financing became less
available, demand for our homes could decline. A reduction in demand could also have an adverse
effect on the pricing of our homes because we and our competitors may reduce prices in an effort to
better compete for home buyers. A reduction in pricing could result in a decline in revenues and in
our margins.
We intend to continue to consider growth or expansion of our operations which could have a
material
adverse effect on our cash flows or profitability.
We intend to continue to consider growth or expansion of our operations in our current
markets or in other areas which will require substantial capital expenditures. The magnitude,
timing and nature of any future expansion will depend on a number of factors, including the
identification of suitable markets, our financial capabilities, the availability of qualified
personnel in the target market and general economic and business conditions. Our expansion into
new or existing markets could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows or profitability.
Historically, our strategy has been to enter new markets through the start-up of
company-developed divisions, rather than the acquisition of existing homebuilding companies.
Because we typically do not acquire existing homebuilders when entering a new market, we do not
have the advantage of the experience and goodwill of an established homebuilding company. As a
result, we incur substantial start-up costs in establishing our operations in new markets, and we
may not be successful in taking operations in new markets from the start-up phase to profitability.
If we are not successful in making operations in new markets profitable, we may not be able to
recover our investment, and our financial results could suffer.
Furthermore, in the future we may choose to enter new markets or expand operations in
existing markets through acquisitions, and these acquisitions may result in the incurrence of
additional debt, some of which could be secured or unsecured senior debt and therefore senior to
the notes. Acquisitions also involve numerous risks, including difficulties in the assimilation of
the acquired company’s operations, the incurrence of unanticipated liabilities or expenses, the
diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns, risks of entering markets in
which we have limited or no direct experience, and the potential loss of key employees of the
acquired company.
Lack of greater geographic diversification could expose our business to increased risks if
there are
economic downturns in our markets.
We have homebuilding operations in Atlanta, Dallas, Houston, Orlando, Phoenix and Tampa and
are establishing homebuilding operations in Denver. We also have land operations in Denver and
Orlando. Our operations in Atlanta and Phoenix together provided 49.0% and 52.3% of our home
building revenues for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Failure to be
more geographically diversified could adversely impact us if the homebuilding business in our
current markets, especially Dallas and Atlanta, should decline.
We could experience a reduction in home sales and revenues or reduced cash flows if we are
unable to
obtain reasonably priced financing to support our homebuilding and land development
activities.
The homebuilding industry is capital intensive, and homebuilding requires significant
up-front expenditures to acquire land and begin development. Accordingly, we incur substantial
indebtedness to finance our homebuilding and land development activities. Although we believe
that internally generated funds and borrowing capacity under our senior unsecured credit
facility will be sufficient to fund our capital and other expenditures (including land
acquisition, development and construction activities), the amounts available from such sources
may not be adequate to meet our needs. If such sources are not sufficient, we would seek
additional capital in the form of debt or equity financing from a variety of potential
sources, including additional bank financing and/or securities offerings. The amount and types
of indebtedness which we may incur are limited by the terms of the agreements governing our
existing debt. In addition, the availability of borrowed funds, to be utilized for land
acquisition, development and construction, may be greatly reduced, and the lending community
may require increased amounts of equity to be invested in a project by borrowers in connection
with both new loans and the extension of existing loans. The failure to obtain sufficient
capital to fund our planned capital and other expenditures could have a material adverse effect
on our business.
Changes in the government regulations applicable to homebuilders could restrict our business
activities,
increase our operating expenses and cause our revenues to decline.
Regulatory requirements applicable to homebuilders could cause us to incur significant
liabilities and operating expenses and could restrict our business activities. We are subject to
local, state and federal statutes and rules regulating, among other things certain developmental
matters, building and site design, and matters concerning the protection of health and the
environment. Our operating expenses may be increased by governmental regulations, such as building
permit allocation ordinances, impact and other fees and taxes, which may be imposed to defray the
cost of providing certain governmental services and improvements. Other governmental regulations,
such as building moratoriums and “no growth’’ or “slow growth’’ initiatives, which may be adopted
in communities which have developed rapidly, may cause delays in our home projects or otherwise
restrict our business activities resulting in reductions in our revenues. Any delay or refusal to
grant us necessary licenses, permits or approvals from government agencies could have an adverse
effect on our operations. Because we currently operate in only seven markets, any increase in costs
or delays due to regulatory changes in one or more of our markets may have a proportionately
greater impact on us than some other homebuilding companies that operate in more markets or more
regions of the country.
We may incur additional operating expenses due to compliance requirements or fines, penalties
and
remediation costs pertaining to environmental regulations within our markets.
We are subject to a variety of local, state and federal statutes, ordinances, rules and
regulations concerning the protection of health and the environment. The particular environmental
laws which apply to any given community vary greatly according to the community site, the site’s
environmental conditions and the present and former use of the site. We expect that increasingly
stringent requirements will be imposed on homebuilders in the future. Environmental laws may result
in delays, cause us to implement time consuming and expensive compliance programs, and prohibit or
severely restrict development in certain environmentally sensitive regions or areas. Environmental
regulations can also have an adverse impact on the availability and price of certain raw materials,
such as lumber. Furthermore, our failure to comply with all applicable environmental laws and
regulations may result in the imposition of fines and penalties or remediation obligations that may
require us to pay substantial amounts of money. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could result
in an increase in our expenses and a reduction in our net income.
We are subject to warranty claims arising in the ordinary course of our business that could
adversely
affect our results of operations.
We are subject in the ordinary course of our business to home warranty claims. We provide our
homebuyers with a one year warranty covering workmanship and materials, a two year warranty
covering construction defects and certain defects in plumbing, electrical, heating, cooling and
ventilation systems and a ten year warranty covering construction defects. Warranty claims are
common in the homebuilding industry and can be costly, and the terms and limitations of the limited
warranties provided to homebuyers may not be effective against claims made by the homebuyers. We
maintain homebuilder protective policy insurance coverage with Residential Warranty Corporation for
construction defects. However, we may not be able to renew our insurance coverage or renew it at
reasonable rates. As a result, we may be liable for damages, the cost of repairs and/or the expense
of litigation surrounding possible construction defects, soil subsidence or building-related
claims. Furthermore, claims may arise out of uninsurable events or circumstances not covered by
insurance and not subject to effective indemnification agreements with our subcontractors.
Increases in the cost to insure against warranty claims may result in an increase in our
self-insured retentions and claims reserves. Further, the loss of insurance or liability for
uninsured claims
could result in an increase in our expenses reducing our margins and adversely affecting our
results of operations and our ability to implement our business plan.
Our operating expenses could increase if we are required to pay higher insurance premiums or
incur
substantial litigation costs for claims involving construction and product defect liability
claims,
including claims related to mold, which could cause our net income to decline.
The costs of insuring against construction defect and product liability claims are high, and
the amount and scope of coverage offered by insurance companies is currently limited. The scope of
coverage may continue to be limited or be further restricted and may become more costly which could
require us to divert money away from implementing our business plan in order to pay insurance
premiums.
Increasingly in recent years, lawsuits (including class action lawsuits) have been filed
against builders asserting claims of personal injury and property damage caused by the presence of
mold in residential dwellings. Our insurance may not cover all of the claims, including personal
injury claims, arising from the presence of mold, or such coverage may become prohibitively
expensive. If we are not able to obtain adequate insurance against these claims, we may experience
litigation costs and losses that could reduce our net income.
Historically, builders have recovered from subcontractors and their insurance carriers a
significant portion of the construction and product defect liabilities and costs of defense that
the builders have incurred. Insurance coverage available to subcontractors for construction and
product defects is becoming increasingly expensive and the scope of coverage is restricted. If we
cannot effectively recover from our subcontractors or their carriers, we may suffer greater
losses which could decrease our net income.
A builder’s ability to recover against any available insurance policy depends upon the
continued solvency and financial strength of the insurance carrier that issued the policy. Many of
the states in which we build homes have lengthy statutes of limitations applicable to claims for
construction defects. To the extent that any carrier providing insurance coverage to us or our
subcontractors becomes insolvent or experiences financial difficulty in the future, we may be
unable to recover on those policies and our net income may decline. Our inability to recover under
those policies or to recover the losses from our subcontractors could have a more severe impact on
us than on our larger competitors that have more financial resources.
We are dependent on the services of certain key employees, and the loss of their services
could hurt our
business.
We currently operate with a management team comprised of five executive officers and a single
president overseeing each geographic market. Therefore, we rely heavily on each of these
individuals for their expertise and understanding of our business operations and strategy. Our
decision making process is generally concentrated among these individuals and is based on their
skill and depth of knowledge of the Company and the homebuilding industry. If we are unable to
retain any of these key employees, particularly Tom Krobot, Robert Salomon and Mark Thomas, or
attract, train, assimilate or retain other skilled personnel in the future, it could hinder the
execution of our business strategy. Further, the loss of one or more of these key employees would
put additional strain on the existing management team to fill the vacancy until a replacement can
be identified. Competition for qualified personnel in all of our operating markets is intense, and
it could be difficult for us to find experienced personnel to replace our current employees,
particularly our management team. Furthermore, a significant increase in the number of our active
communities would place additional strain on the members of our management team and would
necessitate the hiring of a significant number of additional personnel, including senior officers,
who are in short supply in our markets, particularly with respect to individuals with significant
homebuilding experience.
We are dependent on the continued availability and satisfactory performance of our
subcontractors,
which, if unavailable, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We conduct our construction operations only as a general contractor. Virtually all
construction work is performed by unaffiliated third party subcontractors. As a consequence, we
depend on the continued availability of and satisfactory performance by these subcontractors for
the construction of our homes. There may not be sufficient availability of and satisfactory
performance by these unaffiliated third party subcontractors. If there are not
sufficient quality subcontractors available to assist us in home construction, our ability to
construct homes on the schedule we have committed to with our homebuyers would be affected. This
could result in an increase in the number of homebuyers that cancel their contracts with us,
resulting in less of our backlog being closed in a year than is projected, or could result in an
increase in our costs to construct homes in a timely manner, which could result in an increase in
our overall costs and thus a decline in our margins and in our net income.
Supply risks and shortages relating to labor and materials can harm our business by delaying
construction and increasing costs.
The homebuilding industry from time to time has experienced significant difficulties with respect to:
•
shortages of qualified trades people and other labor;
•
shortages of materials; and
•
volatile increases in the cost of certain materials, including lumber, framing
and cement, which are significant components of home construction costs.
These difficulties can, and often do, cause unexpected short-term increases in construction
costs and cause construction delays. We are generally unable to pass on any unexpected increases in
construction costs to those customers who have already entered into sales contracts, as those
contracts generally fix the price of the house at the time the contract is signed, which may be up
to one year in advance of the delivery of the home. Furthermore, sustained increases in
construction costs may, over time, erode our profit margins. In the future, pricing competition may
restrict our ability to pass on any additional costs, and we may not be able to achieve sufficient
operating efficiencies and economics of scale to maintain our current profit margins.
Our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by any decrease in
the value
of our land inventory, as well as by the associated carrying costs.
We must continuously acquire land for replacement and expansion of land inventory within our
existing and new markets. The risks inherent in purchasing and developing land increase as
consumer demand for housing decreases. Thus, we may have bought and developed land which we cannot
profitably sell or on which we cannot profitably build and sell homes. The market value of land,
building lots and housing inventories can fluctuate significantly as a result of changing market
conditions. It is possible that the measures we employ to manage inventory risks will not be
successful and as a result our operations may suffer.
In addition, inventory carrying costs can be significant and can result in losses in a poorly
performing project or market. In the event of significant changes in economic or market
conditions, we may have to sell homes at significantly lower margins or at a loss.
Our business and operating results could be adversely affected by adverse weather conditions
and natural
disasters.
Adverse weather conditions, such as extended periods of rain, snow or cold temperatures, and
natural disasters, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods and fires, can delay completion and sale
of homes, damage partially complete or other unsold homes in our inventory and/or decrease the
demand for homes or increase the cost of building homes. To the extent that natural disasters or
adverse weather events occur, our business and results may be adversely affected. To the extent
our insurance is not adequate to cover business interruption losses or repair costs resulting from
these events, our revenues and earnings may be adversely affected.
If we are unsuccessful in competing against other homebuilders, our market share could decline
or our
growth could be impaired and, as a result, our financial results could suffer.
The homebuilding industry is highly competitive. Homebuilders compete for, among other
things, desirable land, financing, raw materials, skilled labor and purchasers. We compete for
residential sales on the basis of a number of interrelated factors, including location,
reputation, amenities, design, quality and price, with numerous
large and small homebuilders, including some homebuilders with nationwide operations and
greater financial resources and/or lower costs than us. The consolidation of some homebuilding
companies may create competitors that have greater financial, marketing and sales resources than
we do and thus are able to compete more effectively against us. In addition, there may be new
entrants in the markets in which we currently conduct business. We also compete for sales with the
resale market for existing homes and with available rental housing. Increased competition could
cause us to increase our selling incentives and reduce our home prices. Increased competition
could also reduce the number of homes we deliver, reducing our revenues, or cause us to accept
reduced margins to maintain sales volumes. A reduction in our revenue or margins due to
competitive factors could affect our ability to service our debt, including the notes.
Item 1B Unresolved Staff Comments.
Not applicable
Item 2. Properties
We lease 6,284 square feet of office space in Atlanta, Georgia for our corporate offices.
This lease expires in 2008. In addition, we lease 84,242 square feet of space for our operating
divisions under leases expiring between 2006 and 2009. The leases have terms ranging from 12
months to 60 months, with various renewal options.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time we are involved in various routine legal proceedings incidental to our
business. We believe that none of these matters, some of which are covered by insurance, will have
a material adverse impact upon our consolidated financial statements as a whole if decided against
us.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
We are a limited liability company, and all of our membership interests are owned by six
families or family trusts related to the following individuals: Elly Reisman, Norman Reisman, Bruce
Freeman, Seymour Joffe, Larry Robbins and Harry Rosenbaum. The owners control us through individual
Nevada-based holding companies in which each family or family trust owns all of the equity
interests. See Item 12 “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related
Stockholder Matters” for additional information about the ownership of our membership interests.
There is no established public trading market for our membership interests.
Although we do not pay dividends to our members, we periodically make distributions to them
for the payment of federal and state income taxes and as general distributions of our income.
During the fiscal years ended May 31, 2006 and 2005, we distributed $37.3 million and $33.7
million, respectively, to our members. We are restricted in our ability to pay distributions under
various covenants of our debt agreements.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial information for Ashton Woods
USA L.L.C. for and as of each of the five fiscal years in the period ended May 31, 2006.
Because we are structured as a limited liability company, income tax obligations are paid
by our members and are not borne by us. Therefore, our net income is higher than it would be
if we were structured as a subchapter C corporation. However, historically we have made
distributions to our members in amounts necessary for them to pay income taxes attributable to
them.
(2)
EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) is calculated by
adding previously capitalized interest amortized to costs of sales, franchise taxes,
depreciation and amortization to net income. EBITDA is not a financial measure under generally
accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. EBITDA should not be considered
an alternative to net income determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of operating
performance, nor an alternative to cash flows from operating activities determined in
accordance with GAAP as a measure of liquidity. Because some analysts and companies may not
calculate EBITDA in the same manner as us, the EBITDA information in this prospectus may not
be comparable to similar presentations by others.
EBITDA is a measure commonly used in the homebuilding industry and is presented as a useful
adjunct to net income and other measurements under GAAP because it is a meaningful measure of a
company’s performance, as interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization can vary significantly
between companies due in part to differences in structure, accounting policies, tax strategies,
levels of indebtedness, capital purchasing practices and interest rates. EBITDA also assists
management in evaluating operating performance, and we believe that it is a useful measure for
investors to compare us with our competitors.
EBITDA does have certain limitations as a tool for measuring Company performance from period to
period, because that performance is affected by the use of cash to purchase capital assets and
to pay interest and taxes. These amounts, as well as depreciation and amortization associated
with capital assets, can fluctuate significantly over time due to fluctuations in our debt
levels used to finance our inventory, purchases of capital assets and operations, income levels
and other performance issues, which is not apparent if EBITDA is used as an evaluation tool.
Because we borrow money to finance our inventory purchases and operations, interest expense is a
necessary element of our costs and affects our ability to generate revenue. Further, because we
use capital assets, depreciation and amortization are necessary elements of our costs and also
affect our ability to generate revenue. Any performance measure that excludes interest expense,
depreciation and amortization has material limitations. To compensate for these limitations, our
management uses both EBITDA and net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measurement, to
evaluate our performance.
The following is a reconciliation of EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP
measure:
EBITDA margin is calculated by dividing EBITDA by total revenues.
(4)
Interest incurred for any period is the aggregate amount of interest which is capitalized
during such period.
(5)
A home is included in “homes closed” when title is transferred to the buyer. Revenues and
cost of sales for a home are recognized at the date of closing.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
OVERVIEW
We are one of the largest private homebuilders in the United States. We design, build and
market high-quality single-family detached homes, townhomes and stacked-flat condominiums under the
Ashton Woods Homes brand name. We currently operate in Atlanta, Dallas, Houston, Orlando, Phoenix
and Tampa and are establishing homebuilding operations in Denver. These cities represent seven of
the 20 largest new residential housing markets in the United States. We have been in operation for
over 15 years and serve a broad customer base including first-time buyers and first- and
second-time move-up buyers. We focus on achieving the highest standards in design, quality and
customer satisfaction. We have received numerous awards, including the 2005 and 2004 J.D. Power
Award for Highest in Customer Satisfaction with New Homebuilders in Atlanta, and are ranked in the
top 10% of all homebuilders nationally in customer satisfaction in 2005 and 2004 by a nationally
recognized survey company not affiliated with us.
Our revenues are primarily generated from designing, building and marketing single-family
detached homes, townhomes, and stacked-flat condominiums in the five states and seven markets we
currently serve. We also acquire and develop land for use in our homebuilding operations and for
sale to others. From time to time, we elect to sell parcels of land or finished lots that do not
fit with our home development program. Parcels of land or finished lots may be deemed not to fit
within our home development program for a variety of reasons, including, when a specific parcel
contains a greater supply of lots than deemed appropriate for the particular development or
specific lots are designed for a housing product that is not within our business plan for that
area, such as custom built homes or homes that are not within the size specifications for the
particular development. These land sales are incidental to our business of selling and building
homes and have fluctuated significantly in the past. We anticipate continuing to sell parcels of
land and finished lots in the future when circumstances warrant; however, we do not anticipate
future sales of land being as significant a part of our revenues as they have been in the past. We
expect that the significance of land sales revenue will fluctuate from quarter to quarter.
We also conduct mortgage origination and title services for the benefit of our homebuilding
operation. These ancillary services do not provide us with significant revenues and are carried out
through separate jointly-owned entities, which are operated by our partners in these entities. The
earnings from these jointly-owned entities are recorded using the equity method of accounting, and
the earnings are a component of the line item “Earnings in unconsolidated entities” on our income
statement. We have a 49.9% interest in an entity that offers mortgage financing to all of our
buyers and in the past has offered refinancing services to others. The mortgage operation’s
revenues consist primarily of origination and premium fee income, interest income and the gain on
sale of the mortgages. We also offer title services to our homebuyers in Dallas and Houston through
49.0% ownership interests in two title companies, and we recently entered into a joint venture with
a third party title company to provide title services to our homebuyers in Florida with a 49.0%
ownership interest. The companies are managed by, and all underwriting risks associated with the
title are transferred to, the majority owners.
Key financial and operating highlights for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2006 are as follows:
•
Our strong land positions and competitive product offerings resulted in increases in
home closings, net new home orders, revenues and net income for the year ended May 31,2006, to record levels.
o
Revenues increased to $703.0 million for fiscal year 2006, as compared
to $499.6 million for fiscal 2005. The increase in revenues was a direct result of
the 27.4% increase in homes closed to 2,413 in fiscal year 2006, as compared to
1,894 in fiscal year 2005.
o
Net income for fiscal year 2006 increased to $86.5 million, an increase
of 45.4% compared to the prior fiscal year.
o
Net new home orders for fiscal year 2006, reached record levels of
2,328 representing an increase of 4.4% as compared to the prior fiscal year.
•
Notwithstanding this strong performance, in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal year
2006, we began to experience a slowdown in the demand for our homes, a decline in home
price increases and higher cancellation rates in several of our markets, particularly
Phoenix and Orlando and to a lesser degree
Atlanta. In addition, it appeared that prospective homebuyers were taking more time in
making home buying decisions. As a result, we have increased the incentives offered to our
homebuyers as the homebuilding markets have moderated from the pace experienced by the
industry in general in recent years.
•
Historically, we have experienced a cancellation rate between 15% — 20% of the gross new
orders recorded in any reporting period. However during the third and fourth quarters of
fiscal year 2006, we have experienced an increase in cancellations of gross new home orders
to approximately 30%. We attribute the increase in cancellations and the slowdown in demand
for new homes to increases in housing inventories as a result of speculative investors
becoming net sellers of homes rather than net buyers, a change in consumer confidence and
urgency to buy homes and the interest rates increases occurring during the second half of
our fiscal year. Continued deterioration of these and other homebuilding economic factors
could result in continued and prolonged decreases in demand for new homes. Although we have
made adjustments in our operations in an effort to mitigate the effects of any increases in
interest rates or prolonged decreases in the demand for new homes, there can be no
assurances that these efforts would be successful.
•
During the second fiscal quarter, we completed the issuance of $125.0 million of our
9.5% Senior Subordinated Notes due in 2015 in a private placement, pursuant to Rule 144A
promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The net proceeds were used to
repay amounts outstanding under our senior unsecured credit facility and to repay certain
related party debt. In April 2006 we completed an offer to exchange all of the notes issued
in September 2005 for an equal amount of 9.5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2015, which
were registered under the Securities Act of 1933.
•
During the third fiscal quarter, we completed the amendment of our senior unsecured
credit facility. The amended senior unsecured credit facility provides for up to $300.0
million of unsecured borrowings, subject to a borrowing base, and includes an accordion
feature by which we may request, subject to certain conditions, an increase of the amended
senior unsecured credit facility up to a maximum of $400.0 million.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In November 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) 151, Inventory Costs, an Amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter
4. SFAS 151 provides clarification of the accounting for abnormal amounts of freight, handling
costs, and wasted material and requires that these items be recognized as current period charges.
SFAS 151 is effective for inventory costs incurred beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2007.
We do not believe the adoption of SFAS 151 will have a material impact on our consolidated results
of operations or financial position.
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 123 (Revised), Share-Based Payment (“SFAS 123 (R)”),
which will be effective in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2007. This statement will eliminate
the ability to account for share-based compensation transactions using APB Opinion 25, Accounting
for Stock Issued to Employees, and will require instead that compensation expense be recognized
based on the fair value on the date of the grant. SFAS 123(R) is effective beginning in the first
quarter of fiscal 2007. We do not believe the adoption of SFAS 123(R) will have a material impact
on our consolidated results of operations or financial position.
In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS 154, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, which will be
effective in the first quarter of fiscal year 2007. This statement addresses the retrospective
application of such changes and corrections and will be followed if and when necessary. We do not
anticipate adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial
statements.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
General. A more comprehensive enumeration of our significant accounting policies is presented
in the notes to the accompanying financial statements as of May 31, 2006 and 2005, and for the
years ended May 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004. Each of our accounting policies has been chosen based upon
current authoritative literature that collectively comprises generally accepted accounting
principles (“GAAP”) for companies operating in the United
States of America. In instances where alternative methods of accounting are permissible under
GAAP, we have chosen the method that most appropriately reflects the nature of our business, the
results of our operations and our financial condition, and have consistently applied those methods
over each of the periods presented in the financial statements.
Some of our critical accounting policies require the use of judgment in their application or
require estimates of inherently uncertain matters. Although our accounting policies are in
compliance with GAAP, a change in the facts and circumstances of the underlying transactions could
significantly change the application of the accounting policies and the resulting financial
statement impact. Listed below are those policies that we believe are critical and require the use
of complex judgment in their application.
Basis of Presentation. Our financial statements include the accounts of Ashton Woods USA
L.L.C. and all of its wholly-owned, majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries. All significant
intercompany accounts, transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. We have
also consolidated certain variable interest entities from which we are purchasing lots under option
purchase contracts, under the requirements of FASB Interpretation No. 46R issued by the FASB.
Revenue Recognition. We recognize homebuilding revenues when a home closes and title to and
possession of the property are transferred to the buyer. Substantially all of our revenues are
received in cash within a day or two of closing. We include amounts in transit from title companies
at the end of each reporting period in accounts receivable. When we execute sales contracts with
our homebuyers, or when we require advance payment from homebuyers for custom changes, upgrades or
options related to their homes, we record the cash deposits received as liabilities until the homes
are closed or the contracts are canceled. We either retain or refund to the homebuyer deposits on
canceled sales contracts, depending upon the applicable provisions of the contract.
Inventories and Cost of Sales. Finished inventories and land held for sale are stated at the
lower of accumulated cost or fair value less cost to sell. Homebuilding projects and land held for
development and construction are stated at cost unless facts and circumstances indicate that such
cost would not be recovered from the undiscounted cash flows generated by future disposition, after
considering estimated cash flows associated with all future expenditures to develop the assets,
including interest payments that will be capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. In this
instance, such inventories are written down to estimated fair value that is determined based on
management’s estimate of future revenues and costs. Due to uncertainties in the estimation process,
it is possible that actual results could differ. We continue to evaluate the carrying value of our
inventory, believe that the existing estimation process fairly presents our inventory balances and
do not anticipate the process to materially change in the future.
In addition to the costs of direct land acquisition, land development and home construction,
inventory costs include interest, real estate taxes and indirect overhead costs incurred during
development and home construction. We use the specific identification method for the purpose of
accumulating home construction costs. Cost of sales for homes closed includes the specific
construction costs of each home and all applicable land acquisition, land development and related
costs (both incurred and estimated to be incurred) based upon the total number of homes expected to
be closed in each project. Any changes to the estimated total development costs subsequent to the
initial home closings in a project are generally allocated on a pro-rata basis to the remaining
homes in the project.
When a home is closed, we generally have not yet paid and recorded all incurred costs
necessary to complete the home. Each month we record as a liability and as a charge to cost of
sales the amount we estimate will ultimately be paid related to completed homes that have been
closed as of the end of that month. We compare our home construction budgets to actual recorded
costs to estimate the additional costs remaining to be paid on each closed home. We monitor the
accuracy of each month’s accrual by comparing actual costs incurred on closed homes in subsequent
months to the amount we accrued. Although actual costs to be paid on closed homes in the future
could differ from our current estimate, our method has historically produced consistently accurate
estimates of actual costs to complete closed homes.
Each quarter, we review all components of our inventory for the purpose of determining whether
recorded costs and costs required to complete each home or project are recoverable. If our review
indicates that an impairment loss is required under the SFAS No. 144 guidelines, we estimate and
record such loss to cost of sales in
that quarter. During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2006, recorded a loss of approximately $4.5
million. Impairment assessments under SFAS No. 144 involves management estimates of future revenues
and costs and, due to uncertainties in the estimation process, actual results could differ from
such estimates.
Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities. In January 2003, FASB issued FASB Interpretation
No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51” (“FIN 46”).
On December 24, 2003, FIN 46 was replaced by FIN 46R. FIN 46R requires the consolidation of
variable interest entities in which an enterprise absorbs a majority of the entity’s expected
losses, receives a majority of the entity’s expected residual returns, or both, as a result of
ownership, contractual or other financial interests in the entity. Prior to the issuance of FIN
46R, entities were generally consolidated by an enterprise when it had a controlling financial
interest through ownership of a majority voting interest in the entity. FIN 46R applied immediately
to variable interest entities created after December 31, 2003, and with respect to variable
interest entities created before January 1, 2004, FIN 46R application was deferred and not required
to be applied until the first annual period beginning after December 15, 2004.
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into land and lot option purchase contracts in
order to procure land or lots for the construction of homes. Under such option purchase contracts,
we will fund a stated deposit in consideration for the right, but not the obligation, to purchase
land or lots at a future point in time with predetermined terms. Under the terms of the option
purchase contracts, many of our option deposits are non-refundable. Certain non-refundable deposits
are deemed to create a variable interest in a variable interest entity under the requirements of
FIN 46R. As such, certain of our option purchase contracts result in the acquisition of a variable
interest in the entity holding the land parcel under option.
In applying the provisions of FIN 46R, we evaluate those land and lot option purchase
contracts with variable interest entities to determine whether we are the primary beneficiary based
upon analysis of the variability of the expected gains and losses of the entity. Based on this
evaluation, if we are the primary beneficiary of an entity with which we have entered into a land
or lot option purchase contract, the variable interest entity is consolidated.
Since we own no equity interest in any of the unaffiliated variable interest entities that we
must consolidate pursuant to FIN 46R, we generally have little or no control or influence over the
operations of these entities or their owners. When our requests for financial information are
denied by the land sellers, certain assumptions about the assets and liabilities of such entities
are required. In most cases, the fair value of the assets of the consolidated entities have been
estimated to be the remaining contractual purchase price of the land or lots we are purchasing. In
these cases, it is assumed that the entities have no significant debt obligations and the only
asset recorded is the land or lots we have the option to buy with a related offset to minority
interest for the assumed third party investment in the variable interest entity. Creditors, if any,
of these variable interest entities have no recourse against us.
Warranty Liabilities. We establish warranty liabilities by charging cost of sales and
crediting a warranty liability for each home closed. Unlike our two- and ten-year warranties which
we insure through a third-party insurance company, we self-insure for our obligations under our
one-year warranties. Consequently, we estimate the amounts charged to be adequate to cover expected
warranty-related costs for materials and labor required under the one-year warranty obligation
period. The one-year warranty is comprehensive for all parts and labor. Our warranty cost accruals
are based upon our historical warranty cost experience in each market in which we operate and are
adjusted as appropriate to reflect qualitative risks associated with the type of homes we build and
the geographic areas in which we build them. Actual future warranty costs could differ
significantly from our currently estimated amounts.
Insurance Claim Costs. We have, and require the majority of our subcontractors to have,
general liability and workers compensation insurance. These insurance policies protect us against a
portion of our risk of loss from claims, subject to certain deductibles and other coverage limits.
We accrue and estimate liability for costs to cover our deductible amounts under those policies and
for any estimated costs of claims and lawsuits in excess of our coverage limits or not covered by
our policies, based on an analysis of our historical claims, which includes an estimate of
construction defect claims incurred but not yet reported. Projection of losses related to these
liabilities is subject to a high degree of variability due to uncertainties such as trends in
construction defect claims relative to our markets and the types of products we build, claim
settlement patterns, insurance industry practices, and legal
interpretations, among others. Because of the high degree of judgment required in determining
these estimates, actual future costs could differ significantly from our currently estimated
amounts.
Guarantees. In November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 45, Guarantor’s Accounting
and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others
(“FIN No. 45”). The Interpretation requires that a guarantor recognize, at the inception of a
guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken by issuing the guarantee.
The Interpretation also requires additional disclosures to be made by a guarantor in its interim
and annual financial statements about its obligations under certain guarantees it has issued. FIN
No. 45 does not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the
fiscal year ended May 31, 2006.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overall housing demand is driven by long-term factors, such as population growth, attractive
demographic trends, household formations and increasing homeownership rates. Short-term drivers
such as consumer confidence levels, favorable employment levels and relatively low mortgage rates
also impact housing demand.
The following tables set forth the key operating and financial data for our operations as of
and for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004.
Fiscal years ended May 31,
(dollars in thousands)
2006
2005
2004
Statement of Earnings Data:
Revenues
Home sales
$
670,487
$
461,322
$
377,265
Land sales
31,336
37,005
34,561
Other
1,167
1,279
974
702,990
499,606
412,800
Cost of sales
Home sales
519,688
364,469
299,940
Land sales
15,711
17,183
23,249
535,399
381,652
323,189
Gross profit
Home sales
150,799
96,853
77,325
Land sales
15,625
19,822
11,312
Other
1,167
1,279
974
167,591
117,954
89,611
Expenses
Sales and marketing
35,413
26,503
23,809
General and administrative
42,125
28,861
20,246
Franchise taxes
595
439
361
Depreciation and amortization
6,192
3,870
3,915
84,325
59,673
48,331
Earnings in unconsolidated entities
3,205
1,571
1,259
Minority interest in earnings
—
(398
)
(112
)
Net income
$
86,471
$
59,454
$
42,427
Other Data:
Homes closed
2,413
1,894
1,697
Average sales price per home closed
$
278
$
244
$
222
Home gross margin(1)
22.5
%
21.0
%
20.5
%
Ratio of SG&A expenses to revenues
11.0
%
11.1
%
10.7
%
Ratio of net income to revenues
12.3
%
11.9
%
10.3
%
Backlog (units) at end of period
1,249
1,334
998
Sales value of backlog at end of period
$
379,906
$
369,949
$
240,346
Active communities at end of period
51
46
44
(1)
Home gross margins is defined as home sales revenues less cost of home sales, which
includes land, house construction costs, indirect costs of construction, capitalized interest,
a reserve for warranty expense and closing costs, as a percent of home sales revenue.
Average sales price
per home closed
(dollars in
thousands):
Atlanta
590
461
492
Atlanta
$
256
$
272
$
271
Dallas
563
494
437
Dallas
215
199
189
Houston
474
342
372
Houston
219
211
213
Orlando
400
190
209
Orlando
292
242
196
Phoenix
375
407
187
Phoenix
463
294
220
Tampa
11
—
—
Tampa
390
—
—
Company total
2,413
1,894
1,697
Company total
$
278
$
244
$
222
Backlog (units) at
end of period:
Sales value of
backlog at end of
period (dollars in
thousands):
Atlanta
203
260
218
Atlanta
$
54,790
$
57,843
$
59,400
Dallas
290
231
206
Dallas
67,052
50,955
40,990
Houston
169
208
141
Houston
37,433
47,632
30,006
Orlando
343
372
112
Orlando
109,705
97,274
24,834
Phoenix
209
263
321
Phoenix
97,074
116,245
85,116
Tampa
35
—
—
Tampa
13,852
—
—
Company total
1,249
1,334
998
Company total
$
379,906
$
369,949
$
240,346
Fiscal year 2006 compared to fiscal year 2005
Revenues. Revenues increased 40.7% or $203.4 million for fiscal year 2006 to $703.0 million
as compared to $499.6 million for fiscal year 2005. We experienced a 27.4% increase in homes closed
to 2,413 in fiscal year 2006 from 1,894 in the prior year. Homes closed increased in all of our
markets in fiscal year 2006 with the exception of Phoenix, which experienced a decrease of 32
closings due to delays created by subcontractor shortages in the market and an increase in
cancellations experienced during the fourth quarter. In addition, the average sales price per home
closed increased $34,000 per home or 13.9% to $278,000 as compared to $244,000 in fiscal year 2005
due to pricing power experienced in Orlando and Phoenix with our single-family detached product
offset somewhat by the continued product diversification into lower priced townhomes and
condominiums in Atlanta, Orlando and Dallas.
Our revenues from land sales decreased to $31.3 million for fiscal year 2006 as compared to
$37.0 million in the prior fiscal year, primarily as a result of identifying fewer parcels of land
or finished lots that no longer fit within our home development program. Land sales are incidental
to the business of building and selling homes.
Gross Margins. Home gross margins were 22.5% for fiscal year 2006 compared to 21.0% in the
prior fiscal year. The increase in our home gross margins was due to the pricing power we
experienced in Orlando and Phoenix from net new home orders received during the favorable market
conditions of fiscal year 2005 and the first half of fiscal year 2006. Our diversification into
townhomes and stacked-flat condominiums in Atlanta and Orlando also favorably impacted our margins
as we experienced pricing power as a result of strong net new orders in these products.
Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses, which include sales commissions,
advertising, model expenses and other costs, totaled $35.4 million for fiscal year 2006 or 5.0% of
revenues, compared to $26.5 million in fiscal year 2005 or 5.3% of revenues. The increase of $8.9
million, or 33.6%, was primarily due to an increase in the number of homes available for sale and
closed during the current fiscal year. The increase reflects the increase in sales commissions due
to the 27.4% increase in homes closed and the increase in marketing costs experienced by the
Orlando, Phoenix and Tampa divisions as their operations continue to grow and establish brand
recognition in their respective markets.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses totaled $42.1
million in fiscal year 2006 or 6.0% of revenues, compared to $28.9 million in the prior year or
5.8% of revenues. The increase of $13.2 million resulted from continued significant growth in
Orlando and Phoenix, the investment in the start-up divisional operations in Tampa and Denver, the
commensurate increases in our corporate staff to support these operations and, to a lesser extent,
increased compensation costs attributable to the increase in net earnings as all bonuses earned by
corporate and division management are partially based on our profitability.
Net Income. Net income increased $27.0 million or 45.4% in the fiscal year ended May 31, 2006
as compared to the fiscal year ended May 31, 2005. The increase resulted primarily from the 27.4%
increase in homes closed and an increase in average sales price per home closed of 13.9%. Total
sales and marketing expenses increased $8.9 million due primarily to the increase in homes closed
and the related commissions attributable to those homes. General and administrative expenses also
increased $13.2 million during the fiscal year due to significant growth in our Orlando and Phoenix
operations, the establishment of two new operations in Denver and Tampa, and, to a lesser extent,
to an increase in our corporate staffing. Total sales and marketing and general and administrative
expenses decreased as a percentage of total revenues by 0.1%. Earnings from unconsolidated
entities, which represents earnings primarily from the Company’s mortgage and title joint ventures
in which the Company has a 49% ownership interest, increased $1.6 million or 104.0% as a result of
increased home closing volume, as compared to the prior fiscal year.
Net New Home Orders and Backlog. Net new home orders increased 4.4% or by 98 orders, during
the fiscal year ended May 31, 2006 as compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was the
result of an increase in our active communities and the number of homes available for sale
primarily in Atlanta, Houston and Dallas offset by a decline in net new home orders in Orlando and
Phoenix. In addition, we recorded our initial net new orders in Tampa during fiscal year 2006 of 46
orders in two active communities.
Net new home orders in Atlanta increased in fiscal year 2006 to 533 as compared to 503 in the
prior fiscal year, representing an increase of 30 orders, or 6.0%. The increase reflects the
increase in active communities from eight to nine and the continued expansion in our product line
to stacked-flat condominiums and active adult single-family detached homes.
Net new home orders in Dallas increased to 622 in fiscal year 2006 compared to 519 in the
fiscal year ended May 31, 2005. This increase of 103 orders, or 19.8%, reflects the expansion of
our product line to include townhome communities and an improvement in overall market conditions.
Net new home orders in Houston increased in fiscal year 2006 to 435 as compared to 409 in the
prior fiscal year, representing an increase of 26 orders, or 6.4%. The increase reflects an overall
improvement in market conditions.
Net new home orders in Orlando decreased to 371 in fiscal year 2006 compared to 450 in the
fiscal year ended May 31, 2005. This decrease of 79 orders, or 17.6%, reflects a weakening in
market conditions experienced during
primarily the third and fourth quarters of fiscal year 2006 as we experienced an increase in
cancellations and a general moderation in consumer demand for new homes.
Net new home orders in Phoenix declined to 321 in the fiscal year ended May 31, 2006 as
compared to 349 net new home orders in the prior year, representing 28 units, or 8.0%. This
reduction was due to a combinations of limits placed on the number of new home orders that we
accepted during the first half of our fiscal year due to our significant backlog and our desire to
focus our production capacity on completing the homes in our backlog and a higher level of
cancellations experienced during our fiscal fourth quarter coupled with a moderation in consumer
demand for new homes.
Backlog as of May 31, 2006 was 1,249, homes representing a sales value of $379.9 million and
an increase in the sales value of backlog of $10.0 million or 2.7% at the end of the fiscal year as
compared to the sales value of backlog of $369.9 million at the end of fiscal year 2005. Backlog
represents the number and value of new sales orders net of any cancellations that may have occurred
during the reporting period. Historically we have experienced a cancellation rate between 15% -
20% of the gross new orders recorded in any reporting period, which resulted in 80.0% — 85.0% of
the number of units in our backlog closing under existing sales contracts. However during the
third and fourth quarters of fiscal year 2006, we have experienced an increase in cancellations of
gross new home orders to approximately 30%. We attribute the increase in cancellations and the
slowdown in demand for new homes to increases in housing inventories as a result of speculative
investors becoming net sellers of homes rather than net buyers, a change in consumer confidence and
urgency to buy homes and the increase in interest rates during the second half of our fiscal year.
Continued deterioration of these and other homebuilding economic factors could result in continued
and prolonged decreases in demand for new homes. We expect, assuming no significant change in
market conditions or mortgage interest rates, approximately 70% — 80% of the number of units in our
backlog will close under existing sales contracts during fiscal year 2007.
Fiscal year 2005 compared to fiscal year 2004
Revenues. Revenues increased 21.0% or $86.8 million for fiscal year 2005 as compared to
fiscal year 2004. We experienced an 11.6% increase in homes closed to 1,894 from 1,697 and an
increase in our average sales price per home closed of 9.9% to $244,000 as compared to $222,000 in
fiscal year 2004. We increased our revenues from land sales to $37.0 million for fiscal year 2005
as compared to $34.6 million in the prior year, primarily as a result of land sales in Orlando and
Denver.
Homes closed increased significantly in Dallas and Phoenix in fiscal year 2005 as compared to
the prior year as a result of increased active communities in both cities. In addition, the Phoenix
division’s backlog at the end of fiscal year 2004 was significant which assisted with its closings
growth during the year.
Gross Margins. Home gross margins were 21.0% for fiscal year 2005 compared to 20.5% in the
prior year. The increase in our home gross margins was due to the increased pricing power we
experienced as a result of the continued strong demand for our homes in Dallas, Orlando and
Phoenix. Our diversification into townhomes in Atlanta and Orlando also favorably impacted our
margins. Land gross margins improved to 53.6% for fiscal year 2005 compared to 32.7% in the prior
year primarily due to higher prices of undeveloped land in Orlando.
Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses, which include sales commissions,
advertising, model expenses and other costs, totaled $26.5 million for fiscal year 2005 or 5.3% of
revenues, compared to $23.8 million in fiscal year 2004 or 5.8% of revenues. The increase of $2.7
million or 11.3%, was primarily due to the larger volume of homes available for sale and closed
during the current fiscal year. The increase reflects the 11.6% increase in homes closed, the
related increase in sales commissions, and the increase in marketing costs experienced by the
Orlando and Phoenix divisions as their operations continue to grow and establish brand recognition
in their respective markets.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses totaled $28.9
million in fiscal year 2005 or 5.8% of revenues, compared to $20.2 million in the prior year or
4.9% of revenues. The increase of $8.7 million resulted from continued significant growth in
Orlando and Phoenix, the investment in the start-up divisional operations in Tampa and Denver, the
commensurate increases in our corporate staff to support these
operations and, to a lesser extent, increased compensation costs attributable to the increase
in net earnings as all bonuses earned by corporate and division management are partially based on
our profitability.
Net Income. Net income increased $17.0 million or 40.1% in the year ended May 31, 2005 as
compared to the year ended May 31, 2004. The increase resulted primarily from the increase in homes
closed, an increase in average sales price per home closed of 9.9% and an increase in land sales in
Orlando and Denver over the prior year. Total sales and marketing expenses increased $2.7 million
due primarily to the increase in homes closed and the related commissions attributable to those
homes. General and administrative expenses also increased $8.7 million during the fiscal year due
to significant growth in our Orlando and Phoenix operations, the establishment of two new
operations in Denver and Tampa, and, to a lesser extent, to an increase in our corporate staffing.
As a result, total sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses increased as a
percentage of total revenues by 0.4%.
Net New Home Orders and Backlog. Net new home orders increased 4.4% or 95 orders, during the
year ended May 31, 2005 as compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was the result of an
increase in our active communities and the number of homes available for sale primarily in Houston,
Orlando and Dallas offset by a decline in net new home orders in Atlanta and Phoenix.
Net new home orders in Atlanta declined in fiscal year 2005 to 503 as compared to 615 in the
prior fiscal year, representing a decrease of 112 orders, or 18.2%. The decrease reflects the
decline in active communities from nine to eight as we experienced significant delays in land
development due to weather and governmental permitting issues.
Net new home orders in Orlando increased to 450 in the fiscal year ended May 31, 2005 compared
to 246 in the fiscal year ended May 31, 2004. This increase of 204 orders, or 82.9%, reflects the
increase in active communities in the Orlando market from three at May 31, 2004 to five at May 31,2005 despite the delayed opening of several new communities due to significant weather related
delays as a result of the severe hurricane season during the fall of 2004.
Net new home orders in Phoenix declined to 349 in the fiscal year ended May 31, 2005 as
compared to 432 net new home orders in the prior year representing 83 units, or 19.2%. This
reduction was primarily due to limits that we placed on the number of new home orders that we
accepted during the fiscal year due to our significant backlog and our desire to focus our
production capacity on completing the homes in our backlog. In addition, land development in
several new communities was delayed due in part to the severe wet weather experienced in the winter
and to the strong demand for subcontractors.
Backlog as of May 31, 2005 was 1,334, homes representing a sales value of $369.9 million and
an increase in the sales value of backlog of $129.6 million or 53.9% at the end of the fiscal year
as compared to the sales value of backlog of $240.3 million at the end of fiscal year 2004.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal uses of cash are land purchases, lot development and home construction. We fund
our operations with cash flows from operating activities and/or borrowings under our senior
subordinated notes and our senior unsecured credit facility. As we utilize our capital resources
and liquidity to fund the growth of our operations, we focus on maintaining conservative balance
sheet leverage ratios. We believe that we will be able to continue to fund our operations and our
future cash needs (including debt maturities) through a combination of cash flows from operating
activities and our existing senior unsecured credit facility.
As of May 31, 2006, our ratio of total debt to total capitalization was 51.5%, compared to
46.0% as of May 31, 2005. Total debt to total capitalization consists of notes payable divided by
total capitalization (notes payable plus members’ equity).
Operating Cash Flow. During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2006, we used approximately $24.7
million in our operating activities. We increased our investment in inventory by $134.0 million
during fiscal year 2006, which was partially offset by net income earned during the period on homes
closed and increases in accounts payable and accruals.
During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2005, cash generated from operating activities was $31.1
million. We increased our investment in inventory by $50.3 million during fiscal year 2005, which
was offset by net income earned during the period on homes closed and land sales and increases in
accounts payable and customer deposits.
Investing Cash Flow. Cash used in investing activities totaled $11.3 million for the fiscal
year ended May 31, 2006. We increased our investment in unconsolidated entities by $2.6 million
and used $8.6 million of cash for additions to capital assets.
For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2005, cash used in investing activities totaled $17.0
million. We increased our investment in unconsolidated entities by $10.4 million in addition to
investments in real estate not owned of $0.4 million and made additions to capital assets of $6.2
million.
Financing Cash Flow. During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2006, cash provided by financing
activities totaled $36.1 million, which included the issuance of $125.0 million of senior
subordinated notes, an increase in our debt outstanding under our senior unsecured credit facility
of $240.0 million, repayments of amounts outstanding under our senior unsecured credit facility of
$272.0 million, a reduction in related party debt of $13.7 million and distributions of $37.3
million to our members for the payment of federal and state income taxes and as general
distributions of our income.
During fiscal year 2005, cash used in financing activities totaled $14.6 million, which
included an increase in our debt outstanding under our senior unsecured credit facility of $12.2
million and an increase in related party notes of $10.3 million. These increases were offset by
reductions in secured notes of $1.5 million and distributions totaling $33.7 million to our members
for the payment of federal and state income taxes and as general distributions of our income.
Senior Unsecured Credit Facility. On January 20, 2005, we entered into a senior unsecured
credit facility with a group of lenders and Wachovia Bank, National Association, as agent for the
lenders, which was amended and restated on December 16, 2005. The senior unsecured credit facility,
as amended, provides for up to $300.0 million of unsecured borrowings, subject to a borrowing base,
and includes an uncommitted accordion feature pursuant to which we may request, subject to certain
conditions, an increase of the senior unsecured credit facility up to a maximum of $400.0 million.
Our obligations under the senior unsecured credit facility are guaranteed by certain of our
subsidiaries and our equity owners. The senior unsecured credit facility provides for the issuance
of up to $50.0 million in letters of credit outstanding at any one time, and for borrowings of up
to $10.0 million on same-day notice, referred to as the swingline loans. The maturity date of the
senior unsecured credit facility is January 19, 2010. However, once during each fiscal year we may
request that the lenders extend the maturity date by an additional year.
The senior unsecured credit facility contains a number of customary financial and operating
covenants, including covenants requiring us to maintain a minimum consolidated tangible net worth;
requiring us to maintain a ratio of consolidated/total liabilities to adjusted net worth not in
excess of 2.25x; requiring us to maintain an interest coverage ratio of at least 2.5x; limiting the
principal amount of our secured debt to $50 million at any given time; limiting the net book value
of our unimproved entitled land to 25.0% of our adjusted tangible net worth; limiting the net book
value of lots under development and finished lots to 150.0% of our adjusted tangible net worth;
limiting the aggregate distributions by us and our subsidiaries in any fiscal year; restricting the
sale or transfer of more than 20.0% of the ownership interests in us or any subsidiary guarantor;
restricting our ability to incur additional indebtedness; restricting the number of speculative
housing units and model housing units as of the end of any fiscal quarter to a maximum of 35.0% of
our housing unit closings during the previous 12-month period; and restricting our ability to
engage in mergers and consolidations and our ability to sell all or substantially all of our
assets. As of May 31, 2006, we were in compliance with the covenants under the senior unsecured
credit facility.
Because we have been in compliance with the covenants in our senior unsecured credit facility,
these covenants have not had a material impact on our operations, financial condition and results
of operations. However, in the future our ability to secure financing for our operations or
otherwise pursue our business plan could be limited by these covenants, and if we are unable to
obtain financing for our operations or otherwise pursuing our business plan, our growth may be
impaired and our revenues may decline.
Borrowings under the senior unsecured credit facility are limited by the availability of
sufficient real estate borrowing base, which is determined regularly throughout the life of the
senior unsecured credit facility. At May 31, 2006, we had $62.8 million in outstanding borrowings,
and $237.2 million in available borrowings under the senior unsecured credit facility.
9.5% Senior Subordinated Notes. In September 2005, we issued $125 million aggregate principal
amount of 9.5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2015 in a private placement pursuant to Rule 144A
promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The net proceeds were used to repay
amounts outstanding under the Company’s senior unsecured credit facility and to repay certain
related party debt. In April 2006, the Company completed an offer to exchange all of the notes
issued in September 2005 for an equal amount of 9.5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2015, which were
registered under the Securities Act of 1933. Interest on the notes is payable semiannually.
The indenture governing the 9.5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2015 contains covenants that
limit our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to, among other things, incur additional
indebtedness; pay dividends or make other distributions; make investments; sell assets; incur
liens; enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends; enter into
transactions with affiliates; and consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our
assets. Unlike the senior unsecured credit facility, the financial covenants in the indenture
governing the 9.5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2015 primarily limit our ability to incur
additional debt, make distributions or engage in other actions rather than require us to maintain
certain financial ratios or levels. Consequently, the covenants in the indenture have not had a
significant impact on our operations, financial condition and results of operations. However, in
the future our ability to secure financing for our operations could be limited by these covenants,
and if we are limited in our ability to obtain financing, our operations, financial condition and
results of operations could be adversely affected.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND AGGREGATE AND CONTRACTUAL COMMITMENTS
Our primary contractual cash obligations for our operations are payments under our debt
agreements, lease payments under operating leases and purchase obligations with specific
performance requirements under lot option purchase agreements. These lot option purchase agreements
may require us to purchase land contingent upon the land seller meeting certain obligations. We
expect to fund our contractual obligations in the ordinary course of business through our operating
cash flows and our senior unsecured credit facility.
Our future cash requirements for contractual obligations as of May 31, 2006 are presented
below:
Payments due by period(4)
Less than
2-3
4-5
More than
1 year
years
years
5 years
Total
(in thousands)
9.5% Senior Subordinated Notes
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
125,000
$
125,000
Senior unsecured credit facility(1)
—
—
62,839
—
62,839
Interest commitments under Senior
Subordinated Notes
11,875
23,750
23,750
53,108
112,483
Secured note (2)
166
331
331
1,024
1,852
Operating leases
1,883
3,133
1,300
—
6,316
Specific performance lot option
purchase agreements
357
—
—
—
357
$
14,281
$
27,214
$
88,220
$
179,132
$
308,847
(1)
Excludes interest obligations under the senior unsecured credit facility as these
amounts are not currently determinable
(2)
Excludes interest obligations under the secured note as these amounts are not currently
determinable
In the ordinary course of our business, we enter into land and lot option purchase
contracts with unaffiliated entities in order to procure land or lots for the construction of
homes. Certain of such land and lot option purchase contracts contain specific performance
provisions which require us to purchase the land or lots subject to the contract upon satisfaction
of certain conditions by us and the sellers. Under option purchase contracts without specific
performance provisions, we will fund a stated deposit in consideration for the right, but not the
obligation,
to purchase land or lots at a future point in time with predetermined terms.
Under option contracts without specific performance provisions, our liability is generally
limited to the forfeiture of deposits, any letters of credit posted and any other nonrefundable
amounts specified in the contracts. Amounts subject to forfeiture under option contracts without
specific performance obligations, at May 31, 2006, aggregated approximately $3.0 million. Below is
a summary of amounts, net of cash deposits, committed under all option contracts at May 31, 2006
(in thousands):
Aggregate
Exercise Price
of Options
Options with specific performance
$
357
Options without specific performance
59,344
$
59,701
We expect to exercise all of our option contracts with specific performance provisions
and, subject to market conditions, substantially all of our option contracts without specific
performance provisions. Various factors, some which are beyond our control, such as market
conditions, weather conditions and the timing of the completion of development activities, can have
a significant impact on the timing of option exercises. Under the terms, and assuming no
significant changes in market conditions or other factors, we expect to exercise our land options
as shown in the table below. Amounts (in thousands) shown in the following table, exclude cash
deposits totaling an aggregate of approximately $3.0 million.
Under FASB Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities,” as
amended by FIN 46-R issued in December 2003 (collectively referred to as “FIN 46”), if the entity
holding the land under option is a variable interest entity, our deposit represents a variable
interest in that entity. Creditors of the variable interest entities have no recourse against us.
In applying the provisions of FIN 46, we evaluated all land option agreements and determined that
we have three lot purchase contracts with certain related parties to acquire 611 finished lots at
an aggregate price of approximately $33.0 million, which have created variable interests and of
which 346 finished
lots remain to be acquired for an aggregate price of $15.5 million. In addition, we have
provided various specific performance guarantees under one of the option purchase contracts, which
has been deemed as providing subordinated financial support to the entity. We have 18 finished
lots remaining to be purchased under its specific performance obligations for an aggregate
purchase price of $0.4 million. While we own no equity interest in the entities, we must
consolidate these entities pursuant to FIN 46R. The consolidation of these variable interest
entities added $14.3 million, $12.2 million and $1.8 million in real estate not owned, liabilities
related to real estate not owned and minority interests in real estate not owned, respectively, to
our balance sheet at May 31, 2006 and added $14.9 million, $12.6 million, and $2.0 million in real
estate not owned, liabilities related to real estate not owned and minority interests in real
estate not owned, respectively, to our balance sheet at May 31, 2005.
We participate in a number of land development entities with equity investments of 50% or less
and do not have a controlling interest. These land development entities are typically entered into
with developers, other homebuilders and related parties to develop finished lots for sale to the
members of the entities and other third parties. We account for our interest in these entities
under the equity method. Our share of profits from these entities are deferred and treated as a
reduction of the cost basis of land purchased from the entity. The land development entities with
unrelated parties typically obtain secured acquisition and development financing. In some
instances, the entity partners have provided varying levels of guarantees of debt of the
unconsolidated entities. These repayment guarantees require us to repay our share of the debt of
unconsolidated entities in the event the entity defaults on its obligations under the borrowings.
We had repayment guarantees of $3.6 million and $4.2 million at May 31, 2006 and 2005,
respectively.
Certain statements included in in this report on Form 10-K contain forward-looking statements,
which represent our expectations or beliefs concerning future events, and no assurance can be given
that the results described in this report will be achieved. These forward-looking statements can
generally be identified by the use of statements that include words such as “estimate,’’
“project,’’ “believe,’’ “expect,’’ “anticipate,’’ “intend,’’ “plan,’’ “foresee,’’ “likely,’’
“will,’’ “goal,’’ “target’’ or other similar words or phrases. All forward-looking statements are
based upon information available to us on the date of this report.
These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many
of which are outside of our control that could cause actual results to differ materially from the
results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Item 1A – “Risk Factors” contains information
about factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in
our forward-looking statements. Other factors, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual
results to differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements include
but are not limited to:
•
economic changes nationally or in our local markets;
•
volatility of mortgage interest rates and inflation;
•
increased competition;
•
shortages of skilled labor or raw materials used in the production of houses;
•
increased prices for labor, land and raw materials used in the production of houses;
•
increased land development costs on projects under development;
•
the cost and availability of insurance, including the availability of
insurance for the presence of mold;
•
the impact of construction defect and home warranty claims;
•
any delays in reacting to changing consumer preferences in home design;
•
changes in consumer confidence;
•
delays in land development or home construction resulting from adverse weather conditions;
•
potential delays or increased costs in obtaining necessary permits as a
result of changes to, or complying with, laws, regulations or governmental
policies, including environmental laws, regulations and policies; or
•
terrorist acts and other acts of war.
Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made,
and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking
statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to
reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time and it is
not possible for management to predict all such factors.
The Company disclaims any responsibility to update any forward-looking statements.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are exposed to a number of market risks in the ordinary course of business. Our primary market
risk exposure for financial instruments relates to fluctuations in interest rates. We do not
believe our exposure in this area is material to cash flows or earnings. From time to time, we have
entered into interest rate swap agreements to manage interest costs and hedge against risks
associated with fluctuating interest rates with respect to floating rate debt, however, as of May31, 2006 we have not entered into any interest rate swap agreements. We do not enter into or hold
derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. As of May 31, 2006, we had a total of $62.8
million of floating rate debt outstanding under our senior unsecured credit facility, and
borrowings under that facility generally bear interest based on an applicable margin plus LIBOR or
an alternate base rate. As of May 31, 2006, we were not a party to any interest rate swap
agreements.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements appear beginning at page F-1.
Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, with the assistance of
management, have evaluated the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of May 31, 2006, and
based upon that evaluation have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures
were effective, in all material respects, as of May 31, 2006, to provide reasonable assurance that
information the Company is required to disclose in reports that the Company files or submits under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as
and when required. Further, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that
our disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that information required to be
disclosed in reports filed by us under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is
accumulated and communicated to management including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer, in a manner to allow timely decisions regarding the required disclosure. It
should be noted, however, that a control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can
provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.
Because of the limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute
assurance that all control issues within the Company have been detected. Furthermore, the design of
any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events,
and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all
potential future conditions, regardless of how unlikely. Because of these inherent limitations in a
cost-effective control system, misstatements or omissions due to error or fraud may occur and not
be detected. There has been no change in our internal control over financial
reporting that occurred during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2006 that has materially affected,
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information.
By memorandum dated April 30, 2006, our Board of Directors confirmed to Robert Salomon, our
Chief Financial Officer, his salary of $200,000 per annum and bonus of 0.75 % of income adjusted to exclude (i) initial start-up losses of any new division of the Company, (ii)
bonuses paid at the operational level and (iii) imputed interest on equity. The Board of Directors
also agreed to certain severance if Mr.
Salomon is terminated following a sale of the Company resulting in a change of control of its
equity. At that time, no employment agreement had been entered into between the Company and Mr.
Salomon. On August 9, 2006, we entered into an Employment Agreement with Mr. Salomon reflecting
these and certain other terms of his employment. That agreement is filed as an exhibit to this
report.
Mr. Krobot has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer since 1995 and as a member of
our Board since September 2005. Before joining the Company, Mr. Krobot worked for Ryland Homes as a
Senior Vice President responsible for seven cities, one lumber yard and over 2,000 units per year
in the Southeast Region (Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida) and as a Regional
Manager of its Midwest Region (Columbus and Cincinnati, Ohio and Indianapolis, Indiana). Mr. Krobot
is a graduate of the University of Dayton.
Mr. Salomon has served as our Chief Financial Officer since 1998. Before joining the Company, Mr.
Salomon worked for MDC Holdings, Inc., most recently as the Senior Vice President of Finance of its
homebuilding division in California, Richmond American Homes. Mr. Salomon is a graduate of The
University of Iowa and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
Mr. Thomas joined the Company in March 2006 as Senior Vice President. Prior to joining the Company,
he was Area President for Pulte Homes’ Texas organization from October 2004 to February 2006. From
2002 to 2004, Mr. Thomas was the President of Pulte Homes’ Indiana division. Mr. Thomas holds a
Masters of Business Administration from Northwestern University and a Bachelors of Business
Administration from the University of Memphis.
Mr. Serbin joined the Company in 2002 as Vice President of Sales and Marketing. Prior to joining
the Company, he was Vice President of Sales and Marketing for Pulte Homes in Orlando, Florida. Mr.
Serbin is a graduate of the California State College in Hayward, California where he received a
degree in Business Administration.
Mr. Farrell joined the Company in December 2004 as the Vice President of Construction. From July
2000 to November 2004, Mr. Farrell was employed with Centex Homes as the Vice President of
Construction in Atlanta, Georgia. From 1989 to 2000, Mr. Farrell was a Construction Manager for
Pulte Homes in Atlanta, Georgia and the Washington Metro Area in Maryland.
Mr. Joffe, a member of our Board or our prior management committee since 1997, is a founder of the
Great Gulf Group and is its Chief Financial Officer. Prior to 1983, Mr. Joffe worked in real estate
and public accounting. Mr. Joffe qualified as a Chartered Accountant in South Africa and in Canada.
Mr. Freeman, a member of our Board or our prior management committee since 1997, is a founder of
the Great Gulf Group and is its Executive Vice President. Prior to 1983, Mr. Freeman was the Vice
President of Sales for Great Gulf Homes. Mr. Freeman has worked in residential real estate
marketing since 1969.
Mr. Rosenbaum, a member of our Board or our prior management committee since 1997, is a founder of
the Great Gulf Group and is its Chief Operating Officer. Prior to 1983, Mr. Rosenbaum was a partner
in a law practice. Mr. Rosenbaum graduated as a lawyer from Osgoode Hall Law School and was called
to the bar in 1976.
The Company does not have an audit committee. Since our securities are not currently listed on or
with a national securities exchange or national securities association, we are not required to have
an independent audit committee. Further, given the small size of the Board, the Board believes it
appropriate for all members of the Board to be involved in the discussions and decisions typically
delegated to an audit committee. Our Board has determined that Mr. Joffe
meets the qualifications of an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in the rules and
regulations of the SEC, but does not meet the definition of an “independent director” under the
rules promulgated by Nasdaq or the New York Stock Exchange as a result of his affiliation with our
ownership group. However, because our securities are not listed on a national securities exchange
or national securities association, we are not required to have an audit committee financial expert
who is an “independent director.”
Although the Company has not yet
adopted a code of ethics, the Company is in the process of preparing a Code of Business Conduct
and Ethics, which will meet the definition of a “code of ethics” under Item 406 of the
Securities and Exchange Commission’s Regulation S-K. Once adopted, the Code of Business
Conduct and Ethics will apply to and be binding upon all of the Company’s employees
(including the principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal
accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions).
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The following table sets forth information for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
with respect to compensation earned by or paid to our Chief Executive Officer and each of our four
most highly compensated executive officers other than the Chief Executive Officer.
On January 30, 2006, we entered into an employment agreement with our President and Chief
Executive Officer, Tom Krobot. The agreement, which is effective as of June 1, 2005, is for a term
of approximately five years ending May 31, 2010. The employment agreement provides for an annual
base salary of $225,000 and an annual bonus in an amount equal to 4.0% of the first $10,000,000 and
3.0% of any amount in excess of $10,000,000 of our annual net income, calculated in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles and reflected in our annual audited financial statements,
as adjusted to exclude imputed interest on equity, bonuses paid at the operational level and
specific projects as agreed from time to time. The agreement also provides for certain incentive
payments upon a sale of the Company, irrespective of form, or the consummation by the Company of an
initial public offering of equity securities. Such payments are due upon the sale of the Company or
initial public offering irrespective of the executive’s continued employment with us. The incentive
payment owed upon the sale of the Company will be equal to an amount determined by multiplying the
excess of the aggregate purchase price paid by the buyer or buyers in such transaction over the
book value of the Company, as determined in good faith by our board of directors, at the time of
such sale by 3.0%, provided such payment is subject to a floor of $3,000,000.
Upon an initial public offering, Mr. Krobot is entitled to a payment equal to 3.0% of the
excess of the aggregate value of the Company at such time, determined based on the excess of
valuation applied in the offering, over the then book value of the Company, as determined in good
faith by our board of directors, subject to a minimum of $3,000,000. The payment upon an initial
public offering shall be paid through the issuance of stock with an aggregate value equal to the
payment owed, if possible, otherwise, such payment shall be made in cash or some other mutually
agreed upon method.
Following the payments of amounts owed to Mr. Krobot upon a sale of initial public offering of
the Company, the agreement will terminate, and Mr. Krobot will continue as an at will employee. The
agreement also provides Mr. Krobot with certain severance payments upon termination of his
employment as follows:
• Upon termination for cause, as defined in the agreement, or voluntary
resignation by Mr. Krobot, in addition to accrued salary through the date of termination,
Mr. Krobot will be entitled for each year of employment completed between fiscal years
beginning June 1, 2005 and ending May 31, 2009, to a payment of $400,000 and for completion
of the fiscal year June 1, 2009 to May 31, 2010 to a payment of $1,400,000.
• Upon termination of employment upon death or disability, in addition to base
salary accrued through the date of termination, Mr. Krobot or his estate, will be entitled
to a payment in an amount equal to the greater of (a) $3,000,000 or (b) a prorated portion
(based on the number of years of the term of the agreement that has expired divided by
five), of 3.0% of the excess of the then-determined public market value of the Company over
the book value of the Company, in each case as determined in good faith by the board of
directors.
• Upon termination without cause, in addition to base salary accrued through the
date of termination, Mr. Krobot will be entitled to a payment equal to the greater of: (a)
the sum of one year’s base salary at the rate then in effect plus a bonus payable pursuant
to the annual bonus provisions of the agreement based on projections of our net income for
the following 12 months, plus an amount equal to a bonus calculated in such manner based on
a pro rata share of net income for the then-current fiscal year; or (b) the sum of a bonus
calculated in accordance with the annual bonus provisions of the agreement pro rated based
on net income for the then-current fiscal year plus 3.0% of the excess of the
then-determined public market value of the Company over the then-book value of the Company,
in each case as determined in good faith by the board of directors, subject to a minimum of
$3,000,000.
• If Mr. Krobot’s employment terminates upon expiration of the term of the
agreement, Mr. Krobot will be entitled to a payment equal to 3.0% of the excess of
then-public market value of the Company as compared to the book value of the Company, in
each case as determined in good faith by the board of directors, subject to a minimum
payment of $3,000,000.
• Upon the sale of the Company, if Mr. Krobot’s employment is terminated, in
addition to the incentive payment described above and his base salary accrued through the
date of termination, Mr. Krobot will receive an amount equal to a bonus calculated in
accordance with the annual bonus provisions
described above based on a pro rated share of net income for the current fiscal year to
the date of termination.
Finally, the Agreement provides that we will provide health insurance for Mr. Krobot and his
spouse, whether or not Mr. Krobot is an employee of ours, until he reaches the age of 65, upon the
same terms then available to executive officers of the Company.
By memorandum dated April 30, 2006, our Board of Directors confirmed to Robert Salomon, our
Chief Financial Officer, his annual salary, bonus calculation and certain severance payments if Mr.
Salomon is terminated following a sale of the Company resulting in a
change of control of our
equity. On August 9, 2006, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Salomon, which
addresses the provisions set forth in the memorandum in more detail. The agreement is for a term
of five years ending August 2011, subject to automatic renewal for additional one-year terms absent
notice of termination from either party. The employment agreement provides for an annual based
salary of $200,000 and an annual bonus in an amount equal to 0.75% of our annual net income,
calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and reflected in our annual
audited financial statements, as adjusted to exclude initial start-up losses of any new division
during the first two years of operation, imputed interest on equity, bonuses paid at the
operational level and specific projects as agreed from time to time.
The Agreement also provides for the following payments to Mr. Salomon upon termination of his
employment:
•
Upon termination without cause, including upon expiration of the agreement, Mr. Salomon
will be entitled to a severance payment equal to (a) one year of base salary and (b) a
prorated amount of the bonus payable for the then current year through the date of
termination.
•
Upon termination for any reason following the sale of the Company, irrespective of
form, Mr. Salomon will be entitled to a severance payment equal to the greater of (a) the
bonus paid pursuant to the employment agreement for the most recently completed fiscal
year and (b) $500,000.
The agreement also provides for termination with cause and upon death or disability, in which case
Mr. Salomon will receive any accrued salary to the date of termination and any other benefits to
which he is entitled under then existing benefit plans.
Director Compensation
The members of our Board of Directors do not receive compensation for services as our
directors.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
The entire Board of Directors undertakes the duties of the Compensation Committee with respect
to the compensation of Messrs. Krobot and Salomon. Mr. Krobot, with input from Mr. Salomon,
determines the compensation of the other executive officers. Mr. Krobot, our President and Chief
Executive Officer, is a member of our Board of Directors. As a member of the Board of Directors, he
will participate in discharging the duties of the Compensation Committee.
For a discussion of transactions between us and certain affiliates of members of our Board of
Directors, see Item 13 “Certain relationships and related transactions.”
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder
Matters
The following table sets forth certain information as of May 31, 2006 regarding the beneficial
ownership of the membership interests in the Company. In addition, the footnotes below explain that
certain of the persons or entities listed in the table have special membership interests entitling
them to allocations of profits and cash distributions in the land development activities in Denver,
Colorado and Orlando, Florida of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries. Ashton Woods Finance co. is
a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Section 13 of the Exchange Act
and the rules promulgated thereunder. Accordingly, if an individual or entity is a member
of a “group” which has agreed to act together for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting
or disposing of membership interests, such individual or entity is deemed to be the
beneficial owner of the membership interests held by all members of the group. Further, if
an individual or entity has or shares the power to vote or dispose of membership interests
held by another entity, beneficial ownership of the interests held by such entity may be
attributed to such other individuals or entities.
(2)
The address of this beneficial owner is 3751 Victoria Park Ave, Toronto, Ontario M1W
3Z4 Canada.
Entities and/or family trusts associated with these individuals hold interests
(including the special membership interests referred to in footnote 7 below) in the Company
through Little Shots Nevada L.L.C. For beneficial ownership purposes, the membership and
special membership interests held by Little Shots Nevada L.L.C. are attributable to each
such individual. The entities associated with each such individual have, respectively, a
33.3% ownership interest in Little Shots Nevada L.L.C. and are entitled to receive an
allocation of 33.3% of any proceeds received by Little Shots Nevada L.L.C. as a result of
its 21.0% special membership interest in the Denver, Colorado land development activities
and its 21.0% special membership interest in the Orlando, Florida land development
activities.
(4)
This entity is owned by entities and/or family trusts associated with Elly Reisman.
(5)
This entity is owned by entities and/or family trusts associated with Norman Reisman.
(6)
This entity is owned by entities and/or family trusts associated with Larry Robbins.
(7)
These and other related entities also hold special membership interests in allocations
of profits and cash distributions in the land development activities in Denver, Colorado
and Orlando, Florida of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries as follows:
As noted in footnote 3 above, entities and/or family trusts associated with Seymour Joffe, Bruce
Freeman and Harry Rosenbaum are entitled to receive a portion of the proceeds received by Little
Shots Nevada L.L.C. through allocations on such special membership interests based on their
respective percentage ownership interests in Little Shots Nevada L.L.C. as set forth in footnote
3.
Special membership interests do not entitle the holders thereof to vote or otherwise participate in
the management or operation of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
In August 2005, we entered into a Services and Software License Agreement (the “Services and
License Agreement”) with Paramount Development Corporation Limited (“Paramount”), which is an
affiliate of the Great Gulf Group. Under the Services and License Agreement, which is effective as
of June 1, 2005, Paramount licenses to us and our affiliates certain software which we use in
performing the following functions: accounting, job costing, work order, home warranty, home
design, scheduling, and purchase orders. Furthermore, pursuant to the Services and License
Agreement, Paramount provides us and our affiliates with the services of its employees to assist us
with land development matters relating to our land operations in Orlando and Denver. In return for
the software license and the land development services, we pay Paramount a fee of $600 for each
home closed. The initial term of the Services and License Agreement is two years and will
automatically renew for successive one-year terms unless either party gives notice that the
agreement will not be renewed.
Although we did not have a written agreement with Paramount covering the software license and land
development services prior to entering into the Services and License Agreement, Paramount provided
us with such software and services in return for a payment of $600 for each home closed. During the
fiscal years 2006, 2005 and 2004, we paid Paramount $1.5 million, $1.2 million and $1.1 million,
respectively, for the software license and land development services.
We, in the ordinary course of our business, from time to time enter into lot option purchase
agreements to facilitate the development of land for our use with entities that are owned directly
or indirectly by the seven families that indirectly own our membership interests or that are
otherwise affiliates of the Great Gulf Group. These entities generally obtain secured acquisition
and development financing which is supported by specific performance requirements under our lot
option purchase agreements.
As of May 31, 2006, we had three lot purchase contracts with such related parties to acquire 611
finished lots at an aggregate price of approximately $33.0 million which have created variable
interests and of which 346 finished lots remain to be purchased for an aggregate price of $15.5
million. In addition, we have provided various specific performance guarantees under the option
purchase contracts, which have been deemed as providing subordinated financial support to the
entities, of which 18 finished lots remain to be purchased under its specific performance
obligations for an aggregate purchase price of $0.4 million as of May 31, 2006. As of May 31, 2006,
we had $0.5 million of non-refundable deposits securing the remaining lot options. While we do not
own any equity interests in these entities, we must consolidate the entities pursuant to FIN46R.
We used $12.9 million of the proceeds from the issuance and sale of our 9.5% Senior Subordinated
Notes due 2015 to repay in full an unsecured note with an affiliate of the Great Gulf Group. The
note bore interest at the U.S. prime lending rate plus 0.75% per annum and was payable upon demand.
We believe that the transactions described above between us and the various related parties
have been and will continue to be on terms no less favorable to us than those available from
unaffiliated third-parties in transactions negotiated at arms-length. We do not intend to enter
into any transactions in the future with or involving any of our officers or directors or any
members of their immediate family on terms that would be less favorable to us than those that would
be available from unaffiliated third-parties in arms-length transactions.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
For the fiscal years ended May 31, 2006 and 2005, professional services were performed by KPMG
LLP.
Audit and audit-related fees aggregated $555,670 and $549,425 for the fiscal years ended May31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and were composed of the following:
Audit Fees: The aggregate fees billed for the audit of our annual financial statements for
the fiscal years ended May 31, 2006 and 2005 and for reviews of our quarterly financial statements
were $375,000 and $400,000, respectively.
Audit-Related Fees: The aggregate fees billed for audit-related services for the fiscal
years ended May 31, 2006 and 2005 were $155,670 and $100,000, respectively. These fees relate to
assurance and related services performed by KPMG that are reasonably related to the performance of
the audit or review of our financial statements.
Tax Fees: The aggregate fees billed for tax services for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2006
and 2005 were $119,000 and $74,425, respectively. These fees relate to professional services
performed by KPMG with respect to tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning.
All Other Fees: None
Because the Company does not have a separate audit committee, the entire Board of Directors
annually approves each year’s engagement for audit services in advance. The Board of Directors has
also established complementary procedures to require pre-approval of all permitted non-audit
services provided by the Company’s independent auditors. All non-audit services described above
were pre-approved by the Board of Directors in fiscal 2006.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statements Schedules
(a) 1. Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm;
The following list of exhibits includes both exhibits submitted with this Form 10-K as filed
with the Commission and those incorporated by reference to other filings:
Amended and Restated Regulations of Ashton Woods USA L.L.C. (1)
4.1
Form of Indenture dated as of September 21, 2005 among Ashton Woods USA L.L.C.,
Ashton Woods Finance Co., the guarantors named therein and the and U.S. Bank Trust
National Association, as trustee. (1)
4.2
Form of 9.5% Senior Subordinated Note due 2015. (1)
10.1
Form of Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of December 16, 2005, by
and among Ashton Woods USA L.L.C., the Lenders party thereto, Wachovia Bank,
National Association, as Agent for the Lenders, and Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC,
as Lead Arranger and Sole Bookrunner, Bank of America, N.A., as Syndication Agent,
and Citibank Texas, N.A., as Documentation Agent. (2)
10.2
Limited Partnership Agreement of Navo South Development Partners, Ltd., dated as of
December 18, 2003, by and among G.P. Navo South, L.L.C., Ashton Dallas Residential,
L.L.C., Horizon Homes Ltd., and Priority Development, L.P. (1)
10.3
Agreement of Limited Partnership for CL Ashton Woods, L.P., dated as of March 10,2005, by and among CL Texas I, GP, LLC, CL Texas, L.P., AW Southern Trails, Inc.,
and Ashton Houston Residential L.L.C. (1)
10.4
Limited Liability Company Agreement of Palm Cove Developers, LLC, dated as of
January 19, 2005, by and between Ashton Tampa Residential, LLC and M/I Homes of
Tampa, LLC. (1)
10.5
Services and Software License Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2005, by and between
Ashton Woods USA L.L.C. and Paramount Development Corporation Limited. (1)
10.6*
Form of Ashton Woods USA, LLC Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan, effective
June 1, 2005 (1)
10.7*
Form of Employment Agreement, dated as of January 30, 2006, by and between Thomas
Krobot and Ashton Woods USA, L.L.C. (2)
10.8
Agreement of Limited Liability Company of Ashton Woods Mortgage, LLC (2)
10.9
Dominion Title of Dallas, L.L.C. Members’ Agreement, dated January 21, 2001, by and
among Stewart Title Dallas, Inc., Ashton Dallas Residential, L.L.C. and Dominion
Title of Dallas, L.L.C. (2)
10.10
Dominion Title, L.L.C. Members’ Agreement, dated June 7, 1999, by and among Stewart
Title Company, Daltor Houston Title, Inc. and Dominion Title, L.L.C. (2)
10.11
Assignment of Membership Interest, dated as of June 1, 2002, by and between Daltor
Houston Title, Inc. and Ashton Houston Residential, L.L.C. (2)
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)
and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002. (filed herewith)
31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)
and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002. (filed herewith)
32.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (filed herewith)
32.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (filed herewith)
The exhibits, which are referenced in the above documents, are hereby incorporated by reference.
Such exhibits have been omitted for purposes of this filing but will be furnished supplementary to
the Commission upon request.
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been
signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the
dates indicated.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Members
Ashton Woods USA L.L.C.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Ashton Woods USA L.L.C. and
subsidiaries as of May 31, 2006 and 2005, and the related consolidated statements of earnings,
members’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended May 31, 2006.
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our
audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An
audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of Ashton Woods USA L.L.C., and subsidiaries as of May31, 2006 and 2005, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years
in the three-year period ended May 31, 2006, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles.
Ashton Woods USA L.L.C.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
Ashton Woods USA L.L.C. (the “Company’’), operating as Ashton Woods Homes, is a limited
liability company formed on February 6, 1997 for a period of duration ending no later than
February 1, 2037. The Company acquires and develops land for residential purposes and designs,
sells and builds residential homes on such land in six markets located in Georgia, Texas,
Florida and Arizona, and is establishing homebuilding operations in Colorado. The Company also
holds an investment in an unconsolidated entity that provides mortgage origination for
homebuyers through Ashton Woods Mortgage, LLC (“Ashton Woods Mortgage’’). In addition, the
Company provides title services to its buyers in Texas and Florida through three unconsolidated
entities.
Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, and its
wholly-owned, majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries, as well as certain variable interest
entities required to be consolidated pursuant to Financial Interpretation No. 46R (“FIN 46R’’)
issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). All intercompany balances and
transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The Company’s homebuilding operations are conducted across several markets in the United
States have similar characteristics; therefore, they have been reported as one segment — the
homebuilding segment.
The Company’s balance sheet presentation is unclassified due to the fact that certain
assets and liabilities have both short and long-term characteristics.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an initial maturity of three months
or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.
Inventory
Inventory consists of completed homes and homes under construction, finished lots, land under
development and land held for development. Costs are capitalized to inventory during land
development and home construction, including direct home construction costs, indirect overhead
costs of construction associated with the construction of homes, interest and real estate taxes
related to property under development and construction. Cost of sales of homes closed consists of
the direct construction costs of each home, indirect overhead costs of construction associated with
the construction of homes, land acquisition and land development costs allocated to each home,
related interest and real estate taxes, and an estimate of future warranty and related closing
costs for the homes closed. Land acquisition costs, land development costs, indirect land
development costs, indirect overhead costs of construction and interest and taxes related to
property under development and construction are accumulated by specific area and allocated to
various lots or housing units using specific identification and allocation based upon the relative
sales value, unit or area methods. Direct construction costs are assigned to housing units based on
specific identification.
Finished inventories and land held for sale are stated at the lower of accumulated cost or
fair value less cost to sell. Homebuilding projects and land held for development and construction
are stated at cost unless facts and circumstances indicate that such cost would not be recovered
from the undiscounted cash flows generated by future disposition, after considering estimated cash
flows associated with all future expenditures to develop the assets, including interest payments
that will be capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. In this instance, such inventories are
written down to estimated fair value that is determined based on management’s estimate of future
revenues and costs. Due to uncertainties in the estimation process, it is possible that actual
results could differ. The Company
continues to evaluate the carrying value of its inventory, believes that the existing
estimation process fairly presents its inventory balances and does not anticipate the process to
materially change in the future. During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2006, the Company recorded an
impairment loss of approximately $4.5 million.
Deposits paid related to land option purchase agreements and contracts to purchase land are
capitalized when paid and classified as other assets until the related land is acquired. The
deposits are then transferred to inventory at the time the land is acquired. Deposits are charged
to expense if the land acquisition is no longer considered probable.
Real Estate Not Owned
Consolidated real estate not owned represents the fair value of land under option purchase
agreements when consolidated pursuant to FIN 46R.
Investments in Unconsolidated Entities
The Company participates in a number of land development entities in which it has less than a
controlling interest. These land development entities are typically entered into with developers,
other homebuilders and related parties to develop finished lots for sale to the members of the
entities and other third parties. The Company accounts for its interest in these entities under
the equity method. The Company’s share of profits from these entities are deferred and treated as
a reduction of the cost basis of land purchased from the entity.
The Company’s investments in Ashton Woods Mortgage and the title services entities are also
accounted for under the equity method, as the Company does not have a controlling interest.
Under the equity method, the Company’s share of the unconsolidated entities’ earnings or loss is
recognized as earned.
Property and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost. Depreciation and amortization generally is
recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range
from 2 years to 5 years, and depreciable lives for leasehold improvements typically reflect the
life of the lease. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
The Company’s property and equipment at May 31, consist of the following (in thousands):
2006
2005
Machinery and equipment
$
3,777
$
2,195
Sales office and model furnishings
21,469
25,245
Leasehold improvements
1,243
1,778
26,489
29,218
Accumulated depreciation
(18,412
)
(23,598
)
$
8,077
$
5,620
Revenue Recognition
Homebuilding and lot sale revenue are recognized at the time of the closing of a sale, when
title to and possession of the property are transferred to the buyer. Sales commissions are
included in sales and marketing expenses. Virtually all homebuilding, land and lot sales
revenues are received in cash within two days of closing.
Warranty Costs
The Company provides its homebuyers with limited warranties that generally provide for ten
years of structural coverage, two years of coverage for plumbing, electrical and heating,
ventilation and air conditioning systems and one year of coverage for workmanship and materials.
Warranty liabilities are initially established on a per home basis by charging cost of sales and
establishing a warranty liability for each home delivered to cover
expected costs of materials and labor during the warranty period. The amounts accrued are
based on management’s estimate of expected warranty-related costs under all unexpired warranty
obligation periods. The Company’s warranty liability is based upon historical warranty cost
experience in each market in which it operates and is adjusted as appropriate to reflect
qualitative risks associated with the types of homes built and the geographic areas in which they
are built. The following table sets forth the Company’s warranty liability, which is included in
accounts payable and accruals on the consolidated balance sheets:
Years ended of May 31, (in thousands)
2006
2005
2004
Warranty liability, beginning of period
$
3,075
$
2,670
$
1,768
Costs accrued during year
7,438
4,526
3,177
Incurred costs during year
(5,490
)
(4,121
)
(2,275
)
Warranty liability, end of period
$
5,023
$
3,075
$
2,670
Advertising Costs
The Company expenses advertising costs as they are incurred. Advertising expense was
approximately $4.4 million, $2.8 million and $2.4 million in fiscal 2006, 2005 and 2004,
respectively.
Minority Interest
During the fiscal year 2004 and a portion of fiscal year 2005 the Company had a controlling
interest in a limited partnership for land acquisition and development in Orlando, Florida.
Accordingly, the financial position of this partnership and results of operations are consolidated
in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the other partner’s share of earnings of the
limited partnership is recorded as minority interest. During fiscal year 2005, the Company acquired
the minority share in this limited partnership.
Provision for Income Taxes
The Company operates as a limited liability company. Accordingly, the Company incurs no
liability for federal or state income taxes, other than franchise taxes, as these taxes are
passed through to the members.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial
statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Note 2 — Inventory
Inventory consists of the following as of May 31, (in thousands):
The Company capitalizes interest costs to inventory during development and construction.
Capitalized interest is charged to cost of sales as the related inventory is delivered to the
buyer. The following table summarizes the Company’s interest costs incurred, capitalized and
charged to cost of sales during the years ended May 31, (in thousands):
2006
2005
2004
Capitalized interest, beginning of period
$
3,173
$
3,123
$
4,013
Interest incurred
15,347
4,840
4,932
Interest amortized to cost of sales
(9,037
)
(4,790
)
(5,822
)
Capitalized interest, end of period
$
9,483
$
3,173
$
3,123
Note 3 — Consolidated Land Inventory Not Owned
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into land option agreements in order
to procure land for the construction of homes in the future. Pursuant to these land option
agreements, the Company will provide a deposit to the seller as consideration for the right to
purchase land at different times in the future, usually at predetermined prices. Under FASB
Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities,” as amended by FIN 46-R
issued in December 2003 (collectively referred to as “FIN 46”), if the entity holding the land
under option is a variable interest entity, the Company’s deposit represents a variable interest
in that entity. Creditors of the variable interest entities have no recourse against the Company.
In applying the provisions of FIN 46, the Company evaluated all land option agreements and
determined that the Company has three lot purchase contracts with certain related parties to
acquire 611 finished lots at an aggregate price of approximately $33.0 million, which have created
variable interests and of which 346 finished lots remain to be acquired for an aggregate price of
$15.5 million. In addition, the Company has provided various specific performance guarantees under
one of the option purchase contracts, which has been deemed as providing subordinated financial
support to the entity. The Company has 18 finished lots remaining to be purchased under its
specific performance obligations for an aggregate purchase price of $0.4 million. While the
Company owns no equity interest in the entities, it must consolidate pursuant to FIN 46R. The
consolidation of these variable interest entities added $14.3 million, $12.2 million and $1.8
million in real estate not owned, liabilities related to real estate not owned and minority
interests in real estate not owned, respectively, to the Company’s balance sheet at May 31, 2006
and added $14.9 million, $12.6 million, and $2.0 million in real estate not owned, liabilities
related to real estate not owned and minority interests in real estate not owned, respectively, to
the Company’s balance sheet at May 31, 2005.
Land option agreements that did not require consolidation under FIN 46 at May 31, 2006 and
2005, had a total purchase price of $35.6 million and $15.2 million, respectively. In connection
with these agreements, the Company had deposits of $2.5 million and $0.6 million, included in
other assets at May 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Note 4 — Investments in Unconsolidated Entities
The Company enters into land development joint ventures from time to time as a means of
accessing larger parcels of land and lot positions, managing its risk profile and leveraging its
capital base. At May 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company had equity investments of 50% or less and did
not have a controlling interest in these unconsolidated entities. The Company’s partners are
generally unrelated homebuilders, land developers or other real estate entities. These
unconsolidated entities follow accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America and the partners share in their profits and losses generally in accordance with their
ownership interests.
The Company and/or its entity partners enter into option purchase agreements under which they
can purchase finished lots held by the unconsolidated entity. Option prices are generally
negotiated prices that approximate fair value when the option contract is signed. The Company’s
share of the entity’s earnings is deferred until homes related to the lots purchased are delivered
and title passes to a homebuyer.
The land development entities with unrelated parties typically obtain secured acquisition and
development financing. As of May 31, 2006, the Company has entered into lot option purchase
agreements with four
unconsolidated entities for the purchase of 675 lots, of which 411 remain to be purchased with
an aggregate remaining purchase price of $12.2 million. These unconsolidated entities had
borrowings outstanding totaling $9.2 million and $11.3 million at May 31, 2006 and 2005,
respectively. In some instances, the entity partners have provided varying levels of guarantees of
debt of the unconsolidated entities. These repayment guarantees require the Company to repay its
share of the debt of unconsolidated entities in the event the entity defaults on its obligations
under the borrowings. The Company had repayment guarantees of $3.6 million and $4.2 million at May31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Summarized condensed financial information related to unconsolidated entities that are
accounted for
using the equity method at May 31 was as follows (in thousands):
2006
2005
Assets:
Real estate
$
36,273
$
52,686
Cash
3,153
1,668
Mortgage loans held for sale
19,370
6,870
Other
1,166
470
$
59,962
$
61,694
Liabilities and Equity:
Notes payable and accrued liabilities
$
32,582
$
22,230
Equity
27,380
39,464
$
59,962
$
61,694
Revenues
$
31,054
$
13,648
Expenses
22,561
9,672
Net earnings
$
8,493
$
3,976
Note 5 — Notes Payable
The Company’s notes payable at May 31, consist of the following (in thousands):
2006
2005
9.5% Senior Subordinated Notes due
2015
$
125,000
$
—
Unsecured revolving credit facility
62,839
92,089
Secured Note
1,852
4,700
$
189,691
$
96,789
In September 2005, the Company and Ashton Woods Finance Co., the Company’s 100% owned finance
subsidiary, co-issued $125 million aggregate principal amount of 9.5% Senior Subordinated Notes
due 2015 in a private placement pursuant to Rule 144A promulgated under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended. The net proceeds were used to repay amounts outstanding under the Company’s
senior unsecured revolving credit facility and to repay certain related party debt. In April
2006, the Company completed an offer to exchange all of the notes issued in September 2005 for an
equal amount of 9.5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2015, which were registered under the
Securities Act of 1933. Interest on the notes is payable semiannually. The Company may redeem
the notes, in whole or part, at any time on or after October 1, 2010, at a redemption price equal
to 100% of the principal amount, plus a premium declining ratably to par, plus accrued and unpaid
interest. In addition, at any time prior to October 1, 2008, the Company may redeem up to 35% of
the aggregate principal amount of the notes with the proceeds of qualified equity offerings at a
redemption price equal to 109.5% of the principal amount, plus
accrued and unpaid interest. The notes are unsecured and subordinated in right of payment to
all of the Company’s existing and future senior debt, including borrowings under the Company’s
senior unsecured credit facility. All of the Company’s existing subsidiaries, other than the
co-issuer, fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, the notes on a senior
subordinated basis. Each of the subsidiary guarantors is 100% owned by the Company. Future
direct and indirect U.S. subsidiaries, excluding subsidiaries that are designated unrestricted
subsidiaries in accordance with the indenture, will be required to guarantee the notes on a full
and unconditional basis, jointly and severally with the other subsidiary guarantors. The
guarantees are general unsecured obligations of the guarantors and are subordinated in right of
payment to all existing and future senior debt of the guarantors, which includes their guarantees
of the Company’s senior unsecured credit facility. The Company does not have any independent
operations or assets apart from its investments in its subsidiaries. As of and for the year ended
May 31, 2006, the Company was in compliance with the covenants under the senior subordinated
notes. As of May 31, 2006, the outstanding notes with a face value of $125.0 million had a fair
value of approximately $115.3 million, based on quoted market prices by independent dealers.
In December 2005, the Company entered into an amended senior unsecured credit facility. The
amended senior unsecured credit facility provides for up to $300.0 million of unsecured
borrowings, subject to a borrowing base, and includes an accordion feature by which the Company
may request, subject to certain conditions, an increase of the amended senior unsecured credit
facility up to a maximum of $400.0 million. The amended senior unsecured credit facility provides
for the issuance of up to $50.0 million in letters of credit. The maturity date of the amended
senior unsecured credit facility is January 19, 2010. However, once during each fiscal year (i.e.,
June 1-May 31) the Company may request that the lenders extend the maturity date by an additional
year. At May 31, 2006, the Company had available borrowing capacity under this facility of $237.2
million as determined by borrowing base limitations defined in the agreement. The Company’s
obligations under the amended senior unsecured credit facility are guaranteed by all of its
subsidiaries and all of the holders of its membership interests. The amended senior unsecured
credit facility contains a number of customary financial and operating covenants, including
covenants requiring the Company to maintain a minimum consolidated tangible net worth; requiring
the Company to maintain a ratio of consolidated total liabilities to adjusted net worth not in
excess of 2.25x; requiring the Company to maintain an interest coverage ratio of at least 2.5x;
limiting the principal amount of the Company’s secured debt to $50 million at any given time;
limiting the net book value of the Company’s unimproved entitled land, land under development and
finished lots to 150.0% of the Company’s adjusted tangible net worth; limiting the aggregate
distributions by the Company and its subsidiaries in any fiscal year; restricting the Company’s
ability to incur additional indebtedness; and restricting the Company’s ability to engage in
mergers and consolidations and its ability to sell all or substantially all of its assets. The
borrowings under the facility bear daily interest at rates based upon the London Interbank Offered
Rate (LIBOR) plus a spread based upon the Company’s ratio of debt to adjusted tangible net worth.
In addition to the stated interest rates, the revolving credit facility requires the Company to
pay certain fees. The effective interest rate of the unsecured bank debt at May 31, 2006, was
approximately 6.6%. As of and for the year ended May 31, 2006, the Company was in compliance with
the covenants under this facility.
Note 6 — Transactions With Related Parties
A services agreement with a related party provides the Company with the license, development
and support for the Company’s computer systems and the provision of certain administrative
services. The Company pays $600 per home closing quarterly, in arrears for these services, and in
2004 and 2005, the Company made payments of $1,500 per lot closed for certain services rendered by
the related party to one of the Company’s subsidiaries. During the fiscal years ended May 31, 2006,
2005 and 2004, $1.5 million, $1.2 million and $1.1 million was incurred related to these services,
respectively.
The Company had entered into option purchase agreements for the purchase of finished lots for
use in its homebuilding operations and into joint ventures for the acquisition and development of
land and lots for use in its homebuilding operations with certain related parties. These
arrangements related to 386 finished lots, which have all been purchased by the Company. The
Company also has consolidated variable interest entities pursuant to FIN 46R where the Company has
entered into lot purchase agreements with related parties. As of May 31, 2006, the Company has 346
finished lots under contract to be purchased, representing $15.5 million in purchase price, of
which 18 lots representing $0.4 million remain to be purchased under specific performance
obligations.
The Company had an unsecured note with a related party in the principal amount of $13.7
million at May 31, 2005, which was repaid during the fiscal year ended May 31, 2006.
Note 7 — Employee Benefit Plans
The Company has a 401(k) plan for all Company employees who have been with the Company for a
period of three months or more. The Company matches portions of employee’s voluntary contributions
up to 4% of an employee’s compensation up to the maximum allowed under federal guidelines.
Expenses for the plan were $0.9 million, $0.7 million and $0.5 million in fiscal 2006, 2005 and
2004, respectively.
Note 8 — Financial Instruments
The fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are based on quoted market prices,
where available, or are estimated. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time
based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These
estimates are subjective in nature, involve matters of judgment and therefore, cannot be
determined with precision. Estimated fair values are significantly affected by the assumptions
used.
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents and notes payable, as reported in the
Company’s balance sheets approximate their fair values due to their short maturity or floating
interest rate terms, as applicable.
Note 9 – Employment Agreement
On
January 30, 2006, the Company entered into an employment agreement with its President and
Chief Executive Officer, Tom Krobot. The agreement, which is effective as of June 1, 2005,
is for a term of approximately five years ending May 31, 2010. The employment agreement
includes base salary and annual bonus provisions that are calculated based on annual net
income. The agreement also provides for certain incentive payments upon a sale of the Company,
irrespective of form, the consummation by the Company of an initial public offering of equity
securities, upon his termination under certain circumstances or upon expiration of the
agreement. The incentive payment will be equal to the amount determined by multiplying the
excess of the aggregate fair value of the Company over the book value of the Company by 3%,
provided such payment is subject to a floor of $3.0 million. The Company has accrued
approximately $1.2 million related to this employment agreement since the effective date
of June 1, 2005. The liability under this employment agreement has been measured using
the intrinsic value method.
Note 10 — Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is involved in lawsuits and other contingencies in the ordinary course of
business. Management believes that, while the ultimate outcome of the contingencies cannot be
predicted with certainty, the ultimate liability, if any, will not have a material adverse
effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In the normal course of business, the Company provides standby letters of credit issued to
third parties to secure performance under various contracts. As of May 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004,
the Company had letters of credit outstanding of $25.4 million, $11.0 million and $3.7 million,
respectively.
The Company leases office space and equipment under various operating leases. Minimum annual
lease payments under these leases at May 31, 2006 were (in thousands):
Rent expense approximated $1.8 million, $1.0 million and $0.9 million for fiscal 2006, 2005
and 2004, respectively and is included within general and administrative expense on the
consolidated statements of earnings.
Note 11 — Cash Flow Information
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information and non-cash activities are follows (in
thousands):
2006
2005
2004
Cash paid for interest
$
12,000
$
4,726
$
4,614
(all amounts capitalized)
Non-cash distribution of land from joint venture
$
8,482
$
—
$
—
Note 12 — Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)
Quarter Ended
August 31
November 30
February 28
May 31
(in thousands)
Fiscal Year 2006
Revenue
$
106,868
$
158,329
$
157,573
$
280,220
Gross profit
$
22,255
$
42,838
$
37,935
$
64,563
Net income
$
6,077
$
24,785
$
17,394
$
38,215
Quarter Ended
August 31
November 30
February 28
May 31
(in thousands)
Fiscal Year 2005
Revenue
$
130,562
$
107,009
$
109,055
$
152,980
Gross profit
$
36,494
$
20,795
$
25,139
$
35,526
Net income
$
22,161
$
7,755
$
12,281
$
17,257
F-13
Dates Referenced Herein and Documents Incorporated by Reference