SEC Info - Allstate Corp - ‘10-Q’ for 3/31/20



Part I Financial Information		Page

Item 1. Financial Statements

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Month Periods Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Month Periods Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Three Month Periods Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Month Periods Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	6
	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	42

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

	Highlights	43
	Property-Liability Operations	49
	Allstate Protection	52
	– Allstate brand	58
	– Esurance brand	63
	– Encompass brand	66
	Discontinued Lines and Coverages	69
	Service Businesses	71
	Allstate Life	73
	Allstate Benefits	76
	Allstate Annuities	78
	Investments	81
	Capital Resources and Liquidity	90
	Forward-Looking Statements	93
Item 4. Controls and Procedures		93

Part II Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings		94
Item 1A. Risk Factors		94
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		94
Item 6. Exhibits		95

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Part I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

The Allstate Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)



($ in millions, except per share data)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions, except per share data)	2020			2019
Revenues
Property and casualty insurance premiums	$	i 9,235		$	i 8,802
Life premiums and contract charges	i 617			i 628
Other revenue	i 265			i 250
Net investment income	i 421			i 648
Realized capital gains (losses)	( i 462		)	i 662
Total revenues	i 10,076			i 10,990

Costs and expenses
Property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense	i 5,341			i 5,820
Shelter-in-Place Payback expense	i 210			i —
Life contract benefits	i 501			i 497
Interest credited to contractholder funds	i 132			i 162
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	i 1,401			i 1,364
Operating costs and expenses	i 1,399			i 1,380
Pension and other postretirement remeasurement (gains) losses	i 318			i 15
Restructuring and related charges	i 5			i 18
Amortization of purchased intangibles	i 28			i 32
Interest expense	i 81			i 83
Total costs and expenses	i 9,416			i 9,371

Gain on disposition of operations	i 1			i 1

Income from operations before income tax expense	i 661			i 1,620

Income tax expense	i 112			i 328

Net income	i 549			i 1,292

Preferred stock dividends	i 36			i 31

Net income applicable to common shareholders	$	i 513		$	i 1,261

Earnings per common share
Net income applicable to common shareholders per common share - Basic	$	i 1.62		$	i 3.79
Weighted average common shares - Basic	i 317.4			i 332.6
Net income applicable to common shareholders per common share - Diluted	$	i 1.59		$	i 3.74
Weighted average common shares - Diluted	i 322.4			i 337.5

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 1

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The Allstate Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)



($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Net income	$	i 549		$	i 1,292

Other comprehensive (loss) income, after-tax
Changes in:
Unrealized net capital gains and losses	( i 1,357		)	i 974
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments	( i 39		)	i 5
Unamortized pension and other postretirement prior service credit	i 4			( i 12		)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, after-tax	( i 1,392		)	i 967

Comprehensive (loss) income	$	( i 843	)	$	i 2,259

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The Allstate Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (unaudited)



($ in millions, except par value data)	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Assets
Investments
Fixed income securities, at fair value (amortized cost, net $58,945 and $56,293)	$	i 59,857		$	i 59,044
Equity securities, at fair value (cost $3,631 and $6,568)	i 3,701			i 8,162
Mortgage loans, net	i 4,759			i 4,817
Limited partnership interests	i 7,087			i 8,078
Short-term, at fair value (amortized cost $5,671 and $4,256)	i 5,671			i 4,256
Other, net	i 3,767			i 4,005
Total investments	i 84,842			i 88,362
Cash	i 338			i 338
Premium installment receivables, net	i 6,401			i 6,472
Deferred policy acquisition costs	i 4,742			i 4,699
Reinsurance and indemnification recoverables, net	i 9,214			i 9,211
Accrued investment income	i 593			i 600
Property and equipment, net	i 1,123			i 1,145
Goodwill	i 2,544			i 2,545
Other assets, net	i 3,876			i 3,534
Separate Accounts	i 2,434			i 3,044
Total assets	$	i 116,107		$	i 119,950
Liabilities
Reserve for property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense	$	i 27,148		$	i 27,712
Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits	i 12,244			i 12,300
Contractholder funds	i 17,404			i 17,692
Unearned premiums	i 14,999			i 15,343
Claim payments outstanding	i 892			i 929
Deferred income taxes	i 331			i 1,154
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	i 9,849			i 9,147
Long-term debt	i 6,633			i 6,631
Separate Accounts	i 2,434			i 3,044
Total liabilities	i 91,934			i 93,952
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Note 12)	i			i
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock and additional capital paid-in, $1 par value, 25 million shares authorized, 81.0 thousand and 92.5 thousand shares issued and outstanding, $2,025 and $2,313 aggregate liquidation preference	i 1,970			i 2,248
Common stock, $.01 par value, 3.0 billion shares authorized and 900 million issued, 315 million and 319 million shares outstanding	i 9			i 9
Additional capital paid-in	i 3,519			i 3,463
Retained income	i 48,326			i 48,074
Treasury stock, at cost (585 million and 581 million shares)	( i 30,209		)	( i 29,746		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income:
Unrealized net capital gains and losses on fixed income securities with credit losses	i —			i 70
Other unrealized net capital gains and losses	i 714			i 2,094
Unrealized adjustment to DAC, DSI and insurance reserves	( i 184		)	( i 277		)
Total unrealized net capital gains and losses	i 530			i 1,887
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments	( i 98		)	( i 59		)
Unamortized pension and other postretirement prior service credit	i 126			i 122
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”)	i 558			i 1,950
Total shareholders’ equity	i 24,173			i 25,998
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	i 116,107		$	i 119,950

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 3

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The Allstate Corporate and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited)



($ in millions, except per share data)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions, except per share data)	2020			2019
Preferred stock par value	$	i —		$	i —
Preferred stock additional capital paid-in
Balance, beginning of period	i 2,248			i 1,930
Preferred stock redemption	( i 278		)	i —
Balance, end of period	i 1,970			i 1,930

Common stock par value	i 9			i 9
Common stock additional capital paid-in
Balance, beginning of period	i 3,463			i 3,310
Forward contract on accelerated share repurchase agreement	i 75			i —
Equity incentive plans activity	( i 19		)	( i 19		)
Balance, end of period	i 3,519			i 3,291

Retained income
Balance, beginning of period	i 48,074			i 44,033
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle	( i 88		)	i 21
Net income	i 549			i 1,292
Dividends on common stock (declared per share of $0.54 and $0.50)	( i 173		)	( i 167		)
Dividends on preferred stock	( i 36		)	( i 31		)
Balance, end of period	i 48,326			i 45,148

Deferred ESOP expense	i —			( i 3		)

Treasury stock
Balance, beginning of period	( i 29,746		)	( i 28,085		)
Shares acquired	( i 511		)	i —
Shares reissued under equity incentive plans, net	i 48			i 43
Balance, end of period	( i 30,209		)	( i 28,042		)

Accumulated other comprehensive income
Balance, beginning of period	i 1,950			i 118
Change in unrealized net capital gains and losses	( i 1,357		)	i 974
Change in unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments	( i 39		)	i 5
Change in unamortized pension and other postretirement prior service credit	i 4			( i 12		)
Balance, end of period	i 558			i 1,085
Total shareholders’ equity	$	i 24,173		$	i 23,418

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The Allstate Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)



($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	i 549		$	i 1,292
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and other non-cash items	i 155			i 157
Realized capital (gains) losses	i 462			( i 662		)
Pension and other postretirement remeasurement (gains) losses	i 318			i 15
Gain on disposition of operations	( i 1		)	( i 1		)
Interest credited to contractholder funds	i 132			i 162
Changes in:
Policy benefits and other insurance reserves	( i 654		)	( i 114		)
Unearned premiums	( i 272		)	( i 201		)
Deferred policy acquisition costs	i 38			i 33
Premium installment receivables, net	i 26			( i 39		)
Reinsurance recoverables, net	i 24			i 179
Income taxes	i 28			i 303
Other operating assets and liabilities	i 222			( i 410		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	i 1,027			i 714
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from sales
Fixed income securities	i 12,114			i 9,034
Equity securities	i 5,250			i 633
Limited partnership interests	i 749			i 241
Other investments	i 116			i 44
Investment collections
Fixed income securities	i 555			i 628
Mortgage loans	i 118			i 104
Other investments	i 61			i 68
Investment purchases
Fixed income securities	( i 14,667		)	( i 9,056		)
Equity securities	( i 1,619		)	( i 871		)
Limited partnership interests	( i 357		)	( i 282		)
Mortgage loans	( i 142		)	( i 114		)
Other investments	( i 129		)	( i 89		)
Change in short-term investments, net	( i 1,953		)	( i 552		)
Change in other investments, net	i 37			i 47
Purchases of property and equipment, net	( i 65		)	( i 80		)
Acquisition of operations	i —			( i 18		)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	i 68			( i 263		)
Cash flows from financing activities
Redemption of preferred stock	( i 288		)	i —
Contractholder fund deposits	i 246			i 254
Contractholder fund withdrawals	( i 471		)	( i 458		)
Dividends paid on common stock	( i 159		)	( i 158		)
Dividends paid on preferred stock	( i 29		)	( i 31		)
Treasury stock purchases	( i 414		)	i —
Shares reissued under equity incentive plans, net	i 8			( i 5		)
Other	i 12			( i 1		)
Net cash used in financing activities	( i 1,095		)	( i 399		)
Net increase in cash	i —			i 52
Cash at beginning of period	i 338			i 499
Cash at end of period	$	i 338		$	i 551

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 5

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The Allstate Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)



Note 1	General

Basis of presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The Allstate Corporation (the “Corporation”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries, primarily Allstate Insurance Company (“AIC”), a property and casualty insurance company with various property and casualty and life and investment subsidiaries, including Allstate Life Insurance Company (“ALIC”) (collectively referred to as the “Company” or “Allstate”). These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes as of March 31, 2020 and for the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods.

These condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The results of operations for the interim periods should not be considered indicative of results to be expected for the full year. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Recent development

The Novel Coronavirus Pandemic or COVID-19 (“Coronavirus”) has resulted in governments worldwide enacting emergency measures to combat the spread of the virus. These measures, which include the implementation of travel restrictions, government-imposed shelter-in-place orders, quarantine periods and social distancing, have caused material disruption to businesses globally resulting in increased unemployment, a potential recession and increased economic uncertainty.

Depending on its length and severity, the Coronavirus and the related containment actions may significantly affect the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, including sales of new policies and shared economy demand, retention, supply chain disruption and severity costs, life insurance mortality and hospital and outpatient claim costs, annuity reserves, lower investment valuations and returns and increases in credit allowance exposure. In addition, the actions may impact the Company’s operations.

The magnitude and duration of the global pandemic and the impact of actions taken by

governmental authorities, businesses and consumers to mitigate health risks create significant uncertainty. The Company will continue to closely monitor and proactively adapt to developments and changing conditions. Currently, it is not possible to reliably estimate the length and severity of the pandemic or its impact to the Company’s operations, but the effects could be material and may continue, emerge or accelerate into 2021.

Adopted accounting standard

Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments Effective January 1, 2020 the Company adopted new Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance related to the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments that primarily affected mortgage loans, bank loans and reinsurance recoverables.

Upon adoption of the guidance, the Company recorded a total allowance for expected credit losses of $ i 289 million, pre-tax. After consideration of existing valuation allowances maintained prior to adopting the new guidance, the Company increased its valuation allowances for credit losses to conform to the new requirements which resulted in recognizing a cumulative effect decrease in retained income of $ i 88 million, after-tax, at the date of adoption. The measurement of credit losses for available-for-sale fixed income securities measured at fair value is not affected except that credit losses recognized are limited to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost and the credit loss adjustment is recognized through a valuation allowance which may change over time but once recorded cannot subsequently be reduced to an amount below zero. Previously these credit loss adjustments were recorded as other-than-temporary-impairments (“OTTI”) and were not reversed once recorded.

Changes to significant accounting policies

Measurement of credit losses The Company carries an allowance for expected credit losses for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and considers past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts and reports the financial assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at amortized cost, net of credit loss allowances (“amortized cost, net”). The Company also carries a credit loss allowance for fixed income securities where applicable and, when amortized cost is reported, it is net of credit loss allowances. For additional information, refer to the Investments, Reinsurance recoverables, Indemnification recoverables, or Premium installment receivable topics of this section.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company also estimates a credit loss allowance for commitments to fund mortgage loans, bank loans and agent loans unless they are unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The

related allowance is reported in other liabilities and accrued expenses.



Allowance for credit losses
($ in millions)	March 31, 2020		January 1, 2020
Fixed income securities	$	i 4	$	i —
Mortgage loans	i 85		i 45
Other investments
Bank loans	i 79		i 53
Agent loans	i 5		i 5
Investments	i 173		i 103
Premium installment receivables	i 96		i 91
Reinsurance recoverables	i 74		i 74
Other assets	i 18		i 18
Assets	i 361		i 286

Commitments to fund mortgage loans, bank loans and agent loans	i 4		i 3
Liabilities	i 4		i 3
Total	$	i 365	$	i 289

Investments Fixed income securities include bonds, asset-backed securities (“ABS”) and mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”). MBS includes residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities. Fixed income securities, which may be sold prior to their contractual maturity, are designated as available-for-sale (“AFS”) and are carried at fair value. The difference between amortized cost, net and fair value, net of deferred income taxes and related life and annuity deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”), deferred sales inducement costs (“DSI”) and reserves for life-contingent contract benefits, is reflected as a component of AOCI. The Company excludes accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of its AFS fixed income securities. Net investment income for AFS fixed income securities includes the impact of accreting the credit loss allowance for the time value of money.

Mortgage loans, bank loans and agent loans are carried at amortized cost, net, which represent the amount expected to be collected. The Company excludes accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of its mortgage, bank and agent loans. Credit loss allowances are estimates of expected credit losses, established for loans upon origination or purchase, and consider all relevant information available, including past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts over the life of an asset. Loans are evaluated on a pooled basis when they share similar risk characteristics; otherwise, they are evaluated individually.

The changes in the credit loss allowances related to fixed income securities, mortgage loans, bank loans and agent loans are reported in realized capital gains and losses. Realized capital gains and losses on investment sales are determined on a specific identification basis and exclude credit losses already recognized through an allowance.

Reinsurance recoverables The Company evaluates reinsurer counterparty credit risk and records

reinsurance recoverables net of credit loss allowances. The Company assesses counterparty credit risk for individual reinsurers separately when more relevant or on a pooled basis when shared risk characteristics exist. The evaluation considers the credit quality of the reinsurer and the period over which the recoverable balances are expected to be collected. The Company considers factors including past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts in the development of the estimate of credit loss allowances.

Allowances for property and casualty and life reinsurance recoverables are established primarily through risk-based evaluations.

The property and casualty recoverable evaluation considers the credit rating of the reinsurer, the period over which the reinsurance recoverable balances are expected to be recovered and other relevant factors including historical experience of reinsurer failures. Reinsurers in liquidation or in default status are evaluated individually using the Company’s historical liquidation recovery assumptions and any other relevant information available including the most recent public information related to the financial condition or liquidation status of the reinsurer.

For life reinsurance recoverables, the Company uses a probability of default and loss given default model developed independently of the Company to estimate current expected credit losses. The life recoverable evaluation utilizes factors including historical industry factors based on the probability of liquidation, and incorporates current loss given default factors reflective of the industry.

The Company monitors the credit ratings of reinsurer counterparties and evaluates the circumstances surrounding credit rating changes as inputs into its credit loss assessments. Uncollectible reinsurance recoverable balances are written off against the allowances when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 7

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The changes in the allowances are reported in property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense and life contract benefits.

Indemnification recoverables The Company participates in various indemnification programs, including industry pools and facilities which are reimbursement mechanisms that assess participating insurers for expected insured claims, reimburse participating insurers for qualifying paid claims and permit participating insurers to recoup amounts assessed directly from insureds. The amounts reported as indemnification recoverables include amounts billed to indemnitors on losses paid as well as estimates of amounts expected to be recovered from indemnitors on insurance liabilities that have been incurred but not yet paid. The design and function of these indemnification programs does not result in the retention of insurance or reinsurance risk by the indemnitor. Based on the Company’s evaluation of these programs on an individual basis, the establishment of credit loss allowances is not warranted at this time. The Company has not experienced any historical credit losses related to its indemnification programs. The Company continues to monitor these programs to determine whether any changes from historical experience have emerged or are expected to emerge or whether there have been any changes in the design or administration of the programs that would require establishment of credit loss allowances.

Premium installment receivables Premium installment receivables represent premiums written and not yet collected, net of the credit loss allowance for uncollectible premiums. These receivables are primarily outstanding for one year or less. The Company utilizes historical internal data including aging analyses to estimate allowances under current conditions and for the forecast period. The Company regularly evaluates and updates the data and adjusts its allowance as appropriate. As of March 31, 2020, the credit loss allowance for premium installment receivables increased to $ i 96 million from $ i 91 million as of January 1, 2020, primarily due to a $ i 42 million increase in the provision for credit losses, partially offset by a $ i 37 million decrease in the allowance due to the write-off of uncollectible premium installment receivable amounts during the period.

Pending accounting standards

Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans In August 2018, the FASB issued amendments to modify certain disclosure requirements for defined benefit plans. New disclosures include the weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and other plans with interest crediting rates and explanations for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation during the reporting period. Disclosures to be eliminated include amounts expected to be reclassified out of AOCI and into the income statement in the coming year and the anticipated impact of a one-percentage point change in the assumed health care cost trend rate on service and interest cost and on the accumulated benefit

obligation. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The impacts of adoption are to the Company’s disclosures only.

Accounting for Long-Duration Insurance Contracts In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance revising the accounting for certain long-duration insurance contracts. The new guidance introduces material changes to the measurement of the Company’s reserves for traditional life, life-contingent immediate annuities and certain voluntary accident and health insurance products.

Under the new guidance, measurement assumptions, including those for mortality, morbidity and policy terminations, will be required to be reviewed and updated at least annually. The effect of updating measurement assumptions other than the discount rate are required to be measured on a retrospective basis and reported in net income. In addition, reserves under the new guidance are required to be discounted using an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield that is updated through OCI at each reporting date. Current GAAP requires reserves to utilize assumptions set at policy issuance unless updated current assumptions indicate that recorded reserves are deficient.

The new guidance also requires DAC and other capitalized balances currently amortized in proportion to premiums or gross profits to be amortized on a constant level basis over the expected term for all long-duration insurance contracts. DAC will not be subject to loss recognition testing but will be reduced when actual lapse experience exceeds expected experience. The new guidance will no longer require adjustments to DAC and DSI related to unrealized gains and losses on investment securities supporting the related business.

All market risk benefit product features will be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in net income with the exception of changes in the fair value attributable to changes in the reporting entity’s own credit risk, which are required to be recognized in OCI. Substantially all of the Company’s market risk benefits are reinsured and therefore these impacts are not expected to be material to the Company.

The new guidance is effective for financial statements issued for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021, thereby requiring restatement of prior periods presented. Early adoption is permitted. The new guidance will be applied to affected contracts and DAC on the basis of existing carrying amounts at the earliest period presented or retrospectively using actual historical experience as of contract inception. The new guidance for market risk benefits is required to be adopted retrospectively.

The Company is evaluating the anticipated impacts of applying the new guidance to both retained income and AOCI. The requirements of the new guidance represent a material change from existing GAAP, however, the underlying economics of the business and related cash flows are unchanged. The

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Company is evaluating the specific impacts of adopting the new guidance and anticipates the financial statement impact of adopting the new guidance to be material, largely attributed to the impact of transitioning to a discount rate based on an upper-medium grade fixed income investment yield and updates to mortality assumptions. The Company expects the most significant impacts will occur in the run-off annuity segment. The revised accounting for DAC will be applied prospectively using the new model and any DAC effects existing in AOCI as a result of applying existing GAAP at the date of adoption will be eliminated.

Simplifications to the Accounting for Income Taxes In December 2019, the FASB issued amendments to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The amendments eliminate certain exceptions in the existing guidance including those related to

intraperiod tax allocation and deferred tax liability recognition when a subsidiary meets the criteria to apply the equity method of accounting. The amendments require recognition of the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the interim period that includes the enactment date, provide an option to not allocate taxes to a legal entity that is not subject to tax as well as other minor changes. The amendments are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The new guidance specifies which amendments should be applied prospectively, retrospectively, or on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained income as of the beginning of the year of adoption. The impact of adoption is not expected to be material to the Company’s results of operations or financial position.



Note 2	Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, including vested unissued participating restricted stock units. Diluted earnings per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common and dilutive potential common shares outstanding.

For the Company, dilutive potential common shares consist of outstanding stock options and

unvested non-participating restricted stock units and contingently issuable performance stock awards. The effect of dilutive potential common shares does not include the effect of options with an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per common share because their exercise prices exceed the average market price of Allstate common shares during the period or for which the unrecognized compensation cost would have an anti-dilutive effect.



Computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share
(In millions, except per share data)	Three months ended March 31,
(In millions, except per share data)	2020		2019
Numerator:
Net income	$	i 549	$	i 1,292
Less: Preferred stock dividends	i 36		i 31
Net income applicable to common shareholders	$	i 513	$	i 1,261

Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding	i 317.4		i 332.6
Effect of dilutive potential common shares:
Stock options	i 3.3		i 3.1
Restricted stock units (non-participating) and performance stock awards	i 1.7		i 1.8
Weighted average common and dilutive potential common shares outstanding	i 322.4		i 337.5

Earnings per common share - Basic	$	i 1.62	$	i 3.79
Earnings per common share - Diluted	$	i 1.59	$	i 3.74

Anti-dilutive options excluded from diluted earnings per common share	i 0.8		i 4.0

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 9

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements



Note 3	Acquisitions

iCracked On February 12, 2019, the Company acquired iCracked Inc. (“iCracked”) which offers on-site, on-demand repair services for smartphones and tablets in North America, supporting Allstate Protection Plans' (formerly known as SquareTrade) operations. In conjunction with the iCracked acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill of $ i 17 million.



Note 4	Reportable Segments

Measuring segment profit or loss

The measure of segment profit or loss used in evaluating performance is underwriting income for the Allstate Protection and Discontinued Lines and Coverages segments and adjusted net income for the Service Businesses, Allstate Life, Allstate Benefits, Allstate Annuities, and Corporate and Other segments. A reconciliation of these measures to net income applicable to common shareholders is provided below.

Underwriting income is calculated as premiums earned and other revenue, less claims and claims expenses (“losses”), Shelter-in-Place Payback expense, amortization of DAC, operating costs and expenses, amortization of purchased intangibles and restructuring and related charges as determined using GAAP.

Adjusted net income is net income applicable to common shareholders, excluding:

• Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax, except for periodic settlements and accruals on non-hedge derivative instruments, which are reported with realized capital gains and losses but included in adjusted net income

• Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses, after-tax

• Valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax

• Amortization of DAC and DSI, to the extent they resulted from the recognition of certain realized capital gains and losses or valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax

• Business combination expenses and the amortization or impairment of purchased intangibles, after-tax

• Gain (loss) on disposition of operations, after-tax

• Adjustments for other significant non-recurring, infrequent or unusual items, when (a) the nature of the charge or gain is such that it is reasonably unlikely to recur within two years, or (b) there has been no similar charge or gain within the prior two years

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements



Reportable segments revenue information
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Property-Liability
Insurance premiums
Auto	$	i 6,154		$	i 5,930
Homeowners	i 2,038			i 1,935
Other personal lines	i 471			i 459
Commercial lines	i 218			i 183
Allstate Protection	i 8,881			i 8,507
Discontinued Lines and Coverages	i —			i —
Total Property-Liability insurance premiums	i 8,881			i 8,507
Other revenue	i 181			i 176
Net investment income	i 202			i 291
Realized capital gains (losses)	( i 103		)	i 497
Total Property-Liability	i 9,161			i 9,471

Service Businesses
Consumer product protection plans	i 206			i 145
Roadside assistance	i 51			i 63
Finance and insurance products	i 97			i 87
Intersegment premiums and service fees ⁽¹⁾	i 38			i 33
Other revenue	i 52			i 47
Net investment income	i 10			i 9
Realized capital gains (losses)	( i 24		)	i 8
Total Service Businesses	i 430			i 392

Allstate Life
Traditional life insurance premiums	i 153			i 154
Interest-sensitive life insurance contract charges	i 180			i 183
Other revenue	i 32			i 27
Net investment income	i 128			i 127
Realized capital gains (losses)	( i 31		)	( i 5		)
Total Allstate Life	i 462			i 486

Allstate Benefits
Traditional life insurance premiums	i 9			i 9
Accident and health insurance premiums	i 244			i 250
Interest-sensitive life insurance contract charges	i 29			i 29
Net investment income	i 20			i 19
Realized capital gains (losses)	( i 14		)	i 4
Total Allstate Benefits	i 288			i 311

Allstate Annuities
Fixed annuities contract charges	i 2			i 3
Net investment income	i 47			i 190
Realized capital gains (losses)	( i 269		)	i 156
Total Allstate Annuities	( i 220		)	i 349

Corporate and Other
Net investment income	i 14			i 12
Realized capital gains (losses)	( i 21		)	i 2
Total Corporate and Other	( i 7		)	i 14

Intersegment eliminations ⁽¹⁾	( i 38		)	( i 33		)
Consolidated revenues	$	i 10,076		$	i 10,990


⁽¹⁾	Intersegment insurance premiums and service fees are primarily related to Arity and Allstate Roadside Services and are eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 11

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements



Reportable segments financial performance
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Property-Liability
Allstate Protection ⁽¹⁾	$	i 1,348		$	i 703
Discontinued Lines and Coverages	( i 3		)	( i 3		)
Total underwriting income	i 1,345			i 700
Net investment income	i 202			i 291
Income tax expense on operations	( i 303		)	( i 202		)
Realized capital gains (losses), after-tax	( i 82		)	i 393
Property-Liability net income applicable to common shareholders	i 1,162			i 1,182

Service Businesses
Adjusted net income	i 37			i 11
Realized capital gains (losses), after-tax	( i 19		)	i 7
Amortization of purchased intangibles, after-tax	( i 21		)	( i 24		)
Service Businesses net loss applicable to common shareholders	( i 3		)	( i 6		)

Allstate Life
Adjusted net income	i 80			i 73
Realized capital gains (losses), after-tax	( i 25		)	( i 4		)
Valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax	i 12			i —
DAC and DSI amortization related to realized capital gains and losses, after-tax	( i 3		)	( i 2		)
Allstate Life net income applicable to common shareholders	i 64			i 67

Allstate Benefits
Adjusted net income	i 24			i 31
Realized capital gains (losses), after-tax	( i 10		)	i 3
Allstate Benefits net income applicable to common shareholders	i 14			i 34

Allstate Annuities
Adjusted net loss	( i 139		)	( i 25		)
Realized capital gains (losses), after-tax	( i 213		)	i 124
Valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax	i 2			( i 3		)
Gain on disposition of operations, after-tax	i 1			i 1
Allstate Annuities net (loss) income applicable to common shareholders	( i 349		)	i 97

Corporate and Other
Adjusted net loss	( i 107		)	( i 103		)
Realized capital gains (losses), after-tax	( i 17		)	i 1
Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains (losses), after-tax	( i 251		)	( i 11		)
Corporate and Other net loss applicable to common shareholders	( i 375		)	( i 113		)

Consolidated net income applicable to common shareholders	$	i 513		$	i 1,261


⁽¹⁾	During the first quarter of 2020, the Company announced a Shelter-in-Place Payback of over $ i 600 million to customers, as the significant decline in the number of auto accidents contributed favorably to the underwriting results. $ i 210 million of this cost was accrued in first quarter 2020 and the remainder will be recognized in second quarter 2020.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements



Note 5	Investments



Portfolio composition

($ in millions)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Fixed income securities, at fair value	$	i 59,857	$	i 59,044
Equity securities, at fair value	i 3,701		i 8,162
Mortgage loans, net	i 4,759		i 4,817
Limited partnership interests	i 7,087		i 8,078
Short-term investments, at fair value	i 5,671		i 4,256
Other, net	i 3,767		i 4,005
Total	$	i 84,842	$	i 88,362

/ i

Amortized cost, gross unrealized gains (losses) and fair value for fixed income securities

($ in millions)

Amortized cost, net

Gross unrealized

Fair

value

Gains

Losses

U.S. government and agencies

i 5,104

i 295

i —

i 5,399

Municipal

i 8,182

i 555

( i 28

)

i 8,709

Corporate

i 43,624

i 1,242

( i 1,231

)

i 43,635

Foreign government

i 884

i 30

( i 3

)

i 911

ABS

i 852

i 3

( i 19

)

i 836

MBS

i 299

i 71

( i 3

)

i 367

Total fixed income securities

i 58,945

i 2,196

( i 1,284

)

i 59,857

Amortized cost

Gross unrealized

Fair

value

Gains

Losses

U.S. government and agencies

i 4,971

i 141

( i 26

)

i 5,086

Municipal

i 8,080

i 551

( i 11

)

i 8,620

Corporate

i 41,090

i 2,035

( i 47

)

i 43,078

Foreign government

i 968

i 16

( i 5

)

i 979

ABS

i 860

i 8

( i 6

)

i 862

MBS

i 324

i 96

( i 1

)

i 419

Total fixed income securities

i 56,293

i 2,847

( i 96

)

i 59,044

/ i



Scheduled maturities for fixed income securities
($ in millions)	March 31, 2020
($ in millions)	Amortized cost, net		Fair value
Due in one year or less	$	i 2,920	$	i 2,927
Due after one year through five years	i 24,825		i 24,849
Due after five years through ten years	i 20,360		i 20,451
Due after ten years	i 9,689		i 10,427
	i 57,794		i 58,654
ABS and MBS	i 1,151		i 1,203
Total	$	i 58,945	$	i 59,857

Actual maturities may differ from those scheduled as a result of calls and make-whole payments by the issuers. ABS and MBS are shown separately because of potential prepayment of principal prior to contractual maturity dates.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 13

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements



Net investment income
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Fixed income securities	$	i 525		$	i 538
Equity securities	i 6			i 30
Mortgage loans	i 60			i 53
Limited partnership interests ⁽¹⁾	( i 192		)	i 9
Short-term investments	i 17			i 26
Other	i 63			i 63
Investment income, before expense	i 479			i 719
Investment expense	( i 58		)	( i 71		)
Net investment income	$	i 421		$	i 648

⁽¹⁾

The Company typically employs a lag in recording and recognizing changes in valuations of limited partnership interests due to the availability of financial statements. In consideration of intervening events during the three months ended March 31, 2020, where information was available to enable updated estimates, the Company recognized current period declines in the value of limited partnership interests. This included updating publicly traded investments held within limited partnerships to their March 31, 2020 values, which reduced income by $ i 52 million. Additionally, $ i 195 million of valuation increases reported in the fourth quarter 2019 partnership financial statements were excluded from income considering the equity market decline in March 2020.



Realized capital gains (losses) by asset type
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Fixed income securities	$	i 375		$	i 64
Equity securities	( i 750		)	i 553
Mortgage loans	( i 41		)	i —
Limited partnership interests	( i 116		)	i 72
Derivatives	i 88			( i 46		)
Other	( i 18		)	i 19
Realized capital gains (losses)	$	( i 462	)	$	i 662

/ / i



Realized capital gains (losses) by transaction type
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Sales	$	i 388		$	i 95
Credit losses ⁽¹⁾	( i 79		)	( i 14		)
Valuation of equity investments ⁽²⁾	( i 859		)	i 627
Valuation and settlements of derivative instruments	i 88			( i 46		)
Realized capital gains (losses)	$	( i 462	)	$	i 662


⁽¹⁾	Due to the adoption of the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments accounting standard, prior period OTTI impairment write-downs are now presented as credit losses.


⁽²⁾	Includes valuation of equity securities and certain limited partnership interests where the underlying assets are predominately public equity securities.

Sales of fixed income securities resulted in gross gains of $ i 456 million and $ i 126 million and gross losses of $ i 77 million and $ i 60 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The following table presents the net pre-tax appreciation (decline) recognized in net income of equity securities and limited partnership interests carried at fair value that are still held as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.



Net appreciation (decline) recognized in net income
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Equity securities	$	( i 560	)	$	i 496
Limited partnership interests carried at fair value	( i 55		)	( i 33		)
Total	$	( i 615	)	$	i 463

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements



Credit losses recognized in net income ⁽¹⁾
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Assets
Fixed income securities:
Corporate	$	( i 1	)	$	i —
ABS	i —			( i 1		)
MBS	( i 3		)	( i 1		)
Total fixed income securities	( i 4		)	( i 2		)
Mortgage loans	( i 40		)	i —
Limited partnership interests	( i 7		)	( i 1		)
Other investments
Bank loans	( i 27		)	( i 11		)
Total credit losses by asset type	$	( i 78	)	$	( i 14	)

Liabilities
Commitments to fund commercial mortgage loans, bank loans and agent loans	( i 1		)	i —
Total	$	( i 79	)	$	( i 14	)


⁽¹⁾	Due to the adoption of the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments accounting standard, realized capital losses previously reported as OTTI impairment write-downs are now presented as credit losses.

Unrealized net capital gains and losses included in AOCI

($ in millions)

Fair

value

Gross unrealized

Unrealized net

gains (losses)

Gains

Losses

Fixed income securities

i 59,857

i 2,196

( i 1,284

)

i 912

Short-term investments

i 5,671

i —

Derivative instruments

i —

( i 3

)

( i 3

)

Equity method of accounting (“EMA”) limited partnerships ⁽¹⁾

( i 2

)

Unrealized net capital gains and losses, pre-tax

i 907

Amounts recognized for:

Insurance reserves ⁽²⁾

( i 105

)

DAC and DSI ⁽³⁾

( i 128

)

Amounts recognized

( i 233

)

Deferred income taxes

( i 144

)

Unrealized net capital gains and losses, after-tax

i 530

Fixed income securities

i 59,044

i 2,847

( i 96

)

i 2,751

Short-term investments

i 4,256

i —

Derivative instruments

i —

( i 3

)

( i 3

)

EMA limited partnerships

( i 4

)

Unrealized net capital gains and losses, pre-tax

i 2,744

Amounts recognized for:

Insurance reserves

( i 126

)

DAC and DSI

( i 224

)

Amounts recognized

( i 350

)

Deferred income taxes

( i 507

)

Unrealized net capital gains and losses, after-tax

i 1,887


⁽¹⁾	Unrealized net capital gains and losses for limited partnership interests represent the Company’s share of EMA limited partnerships’ OCI. Fair value and gross unrealized gains and losses are not applicable.


⁽²⁾	The insurance reserves adjustment represents the amount by which the reserve balance would increase if the net unrealized gains in the applicable product portfolios were realized and reinvested at lower interest rates, resulting in a premium deficiency. This adjustment primarily relates to structured settlement annuities with life contingencies (a type of immediate fixed annuities).


⁽³⁾	The DAC and DSI adjustment balance represents the amount by which the amortization of DAC and DSI would increase or decrease if the unrealized gains or losses in the respective product portfolios were realized.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 15

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements



Change in unrealized net capital gains (losses)
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31, 2020
Fixed income securities	$	( i 1,839	)
Short-term investments	i —
Derivative instruments	i —
EMA limited partnerships	i 2
Total	( i 1,837		)
Amounts recognized for:
Insurance reserves	i 21
DAC and DSI	i 96
Amounts recognized	i 117
Deferred income taxes	i 363
Decrease in unrealized net capital gains and losses, after-tax	$	( i 1,357	)

/ i

Carrying value for limited partnership interests

($ in millions)

EMA

Fair Value

Total

EMA

Fair Value

Total

Private equity

i 4,204

i 1,577

i 5,781

i 4,463

i 1,668

i 6,131

Real estate

i 954

i 136

i 1,090

i 899

i 142

i 1,041

Other ⁽¹⁾

i 212

i 4

i 216

i 902

i 4

i 906

Total

i 5,370

i 1,717

i 7,087

i 6,264

i 1,814

i 8,078


⁽¹⁾	Other consists of certain limited partnership interests where the underlying assets are predominately public equity securities.

Short-term investments Short-term investments, including money market funds, commercial paper, U.S. Treasury bills and other short-term investments, are carried at fair value. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the fair value of short-term investments totaled $ i 5.67 billion and $ i 4.26 billion, respectively.

Other investments Other investments primarily consist of bank loans, real estate, policy loans, agent loans and derivatives. Bank loans are primarily senior secured corporate loans and are carried at amortized cost, net. Policy loans are carried at unpaid principal balances. Real estate is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Agent loans are loans issued to exclusive Allstate agents and are carried at amortized cost, net. Derivatives are carried at fair value. i



Other investments by asset type
($ in millions)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Bank loans, net	$	i 1,117	$	i 1,204
Real estate	i 970		i 1,005
Policy loans	i 882		i 894
Agent loans, net	i 671		i 666
Derivatives and other	i 127		i 236
Total	$	i 3,767	$	i 4,005

Portfolio monitoring and credit losses

Fixed income securities The Company has a comprehensive portfolio monitoring process to identify and evaluate each fixed income security that may require a credit loss allowance.

For each fixed income security in an unrealized loss position, the Company assesses whether management with the appropriate authority has made the decision to sell or whether it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost basis for reasons such as liquidity, contractual or regulatory purposes. If a security meets either of these criteria, any existing credit loss allowance would be written-off against the amortized cost basis of the asset along with any remaining unrealized losses, with incremental losses recorded in earnings.

If the Company has not made the decision to sell the fixed income security and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the fixed income security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the Company evaluates whether it expects to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. The Company calculates the estimated recovery value based on the best estimate of future cash flows considering past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The estimated future cash flows are discounted at the security’s current effective rate and is compared to the amortized cost of the security.

The determination of cash flow estimates is inherently subjective, and methodologies may vary depending on facts and circumstances specific to the

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

security. All reasonably available information relevant to the collectability of the security are considered when developing the estimate of cash flows expected to be collected. That information generally includes, but is not limited to, the remaining payment terms of the security, prepayment speeds, the financial condition and future earnings potential of the issue or issuer, expected defaults, expected recoveries, the value of underlying collateral, origination vintage year, geographic concentration of underlying collateral, available reserves or escrows, current subordination levels, third-party guarantees and other credit enhancements. Other information, such as industry analyst reports and forecasts, credit ratings, financial condition of the bond insurer for insured fixed income securities, and other market data relevant to the realizability of contractual cash flows, may also be considered. The estimated fair value of collateral will be used to estimate recovery value if the Company determines that the security is dependent on the liquidation of collateral for ultimate settlement.

If the Company does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the fixed income security, a credit loss allowance is recorded in earnings for the shortfall in expected cash flows; however, the amortized cost, net of the credit loss allowance, may not be lower than the fair value of the security. The portion of the unrealized loss related to factors other than credit remains classified in AOCI. If the Company determines that the fixed income security does not have sufficient cash flow or other information to estimate a recovery value for the security, the Company may conclude that the entire decline in fair value is deemed to be credit related and the loss is recorded in earnings.

When a security is sold or otherwise disposed or when the security is deemed uncollectible and written

off, the Company removes amounts previously recognized in the credit loss allowance. Recoveries after write-offs are recognized when received. Accrued interest excluded from the amortized cost of fixed income securities totaled $ i 530 million as of March 31, 2020 and is reported within the accrued investment income line of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The Company monitors accrued interest and writes off amounts when they are not expected to be received.

The Company’s portfolio monitoring process includes a quarterly review of all securities to identify instances where the fair value of a security compared to its amortized cost is below internally established thresholds. The process also includes the monitoring of other credit loss indicators such as ratings, ratings downgrades and payment defaults. The securities identified, in addition to other securities for which the Company may have a concern, are evaluated for potential credit losses using all reasonably available information relevant to the collectability or recovery of the security. Inherent in the Company’s evaluation of credit losses for these securities are assumptions and estimates about the financial condition and future earnings potential of the issue or issuer. Some of the factors that may be considered in evaluating whether a decline in fair value requires a credit loss allowance are: 1) the financial condition, near-term and long-term prospects of the issue or issuer, including relevant industry specific market conditions and trends, geographic location and implications of rating agency actions and offering prices; 2) the specific reasons that a security is in an unrealized loss position, including overall market conditions which could affect liquidity; and 3) the extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost.



Rollforward of credit loss allowance for fixed income securities
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31, 2020
Beginning balance	$	i —
Credit losses on securities for which credit losses not previously reported	( i 4		)
Ending balance ⁽¹⁾	$	( i 4	)


⁽¹⁾	Allowance for fixed income securities as of March 31, 2020 comprised $ i 1 million and $ i 3 million of corporate bonds and MBS, respectively.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 17

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Gross unrealized losses and fair value by type and length of time held in a continuous unrealized loss position

($ in millions)

Less than 12 months

12 months or more

Total

unrealized

losses

Number

issues

Fair

value

Unrealized

losses

Number

issues

Fair

value

Unrealized

losses

Fixed income securities

Municipal

i 470

i 1,029

( i 28

)

i —

( i 28

)

Corporate

i 1,838

i 18,525

( i 1,161

)

i 31

i 187

( i 70

)

( i 1,231

)

Foreign government

i 25

i 85

( i 3

)

i 1

i 6

i —

( i 3

)

ABS

i 63

i 383

( i 13

)

i 13

i 61

( i 6

)

( i 19

)

MBS

i 35

i 33

( i 3

)

i 101

i 7

i —

( i 3

)

Total fixed income securities

i 2,431

i 20,055

( i 1,208

)

i 146

i 261

( i 76

)

( i 1,284

)

Investment grade fixed income securities

i 1,816

i 15,130

( i 689

)

i 116

i 130

( i 27

)

( i 716

)

Below investment grade fixed income securities

i 615

i 4,925

( i 519

)

i 30

i 131

( i 49

)

( i 568

)

Total fixed income securities

i 2,431

i 20,055

( i 1,208

)

i 146

i 261

( i 76

)

( i 1,284

)

Fixed income securities

U.S. government and agencies

i 31

i 1,713

( i 26

)

i 10

i 26

i —

( i 26

)

Municipal

i 307

i 576

( i 9

)

i 1

i 14

( i 2

)

( i 11

)

Corporate

i 186

i 1,392

( i 20

)

i 65

i 485

( i 27

)

( i 47

)

Foreign government

i 55

i 412

( i 4

)

i 6

i 102

( i 1

)

( i 5

)

ABS

i 36

i 193

( i 2

)

i 23

i 160

( i 4

)

( i 6

)

MBS

i 27

i 15

i —

i 123

i 14

( i 1

)

( i 1

)

Total fixed income securities

i 642

i 4,301

( i 61

)

i 228

i 801

( i 35

)

( i 96

)

Investment grade fixed income securities

i 581

i 3,878

( i 41

)

i 185

i 594

( i 20

)

( i 61

)

Below investment grade fixed income securities

i 61

i 423

( i 20

)

i 43

i 207

( i 15

)

( i 35

)

Total fixed income securities

i 642

i 4,301

( i 61

)

i 228

i 801

( i 35

)

( i 96

)

/ i

Gross unrealized losses by unrealized loss position and credit quality as of March 31, 2020

($ in millions)

Investment

grade

Below investment grade

Total

Fixed income securities with unrealized loss position less than 20% of amortized cost, net^{(1) (2)}

( i 579

)

( i 311

)

( i 890

)

Fixed income securities with unrealized loss position greater than or equal to 20% of amortized cost, net ^{(3) (4)}

( i 137

)

( i 257

)

( i 394

)

Total unrealized losses

( i 716

)

( i 568

)

( i 1,284

)


⁽¹⁾	Below investment grade fixed income securities include $ i 304 million that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months.


⁽²⁾	Related to securities with an unrealized loss position less than 20% of amortized cost, net, the degree of which suggests that these securities do not pose a high risk of having credit losses.


⁽³⁾	No below investment grade fixed income securities have been in an unrealized loss position for a period of twelve or more consecutive months.


⁽⁴⁾	Evaluated based on factors such as discounted cash flows and the financial condition and near-term and long-term prospects of the issue or issuer and were determined to have adequate resources to fulfill contractual obligations.

Investment grade is defined as a security having a rating of Aaa, Aa, A or Baa from Moody’s, a rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB from S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), a comparable rating from another nationally recognized rating agency, or a comparable internal rating if an externally provided rating is not available. Market prices for certain securities may have credit spreads which imply higher or lower credit quality than the current third-party rating. Unrealized losses on investment grade securities are principally related to an increase in market yields which may include increased risk-free interest rates and/or wider credit

spreads since the time of initial purchase. The unrealized losses are expected to reverse as the securities approach maturity.

ABS and MBS in an unrealized loss position were evaluated based on actual and projected collateral losses relative to the securities’ positions in the respective securitization trusts, security specific expectations of cash flows, and credit ratings. This evaluation also takes into consideration credit enhancement, measured in terms of (i) subordination from other classes of securities in the trust that are contractually obligated to absorb losses before the

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

class of security the Company owns, and (ii) the expected impact of other structural features embedded in the securitization trust beneficial to the class of securities the Company owns, such as overcollateralization and excess spread. Municipal bonds in an unrealized loss position were evaluated based on the underlying credit quality of the primary obligor, obligation type and quality of the underlying assets.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company has not made the decision to sell and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell fixed income securities with unrealized losses before recovery of the amortized cost basis.

Loans The Company establishes a credit loss allowance for mortgage loans, bank loans and agent loans when they are originated or purchased, and for unfunded commitments unless they are unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The Company uses a probability of default and loss given default model for mortgage loans and bank loans to estimate current expected credit losses that considers all relevant information available including past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts over the life of an asset. The Company also considers such factors as historical losses, expected prepayments and various economic factors. For mortgage loans the Company considers origination vintage year and property level information such as debt service coverage, property type, property location and collateral value. For bank loans the Company considers the credit rating of the borrower, credit spreads and type of loan. After the reasonable and supportable forecast period, the Company’s model reverts to historical loss trends. Given the less complex and homogenous nature of agent loans, the Company estimates current expected credit losses using historical loss experience over the estimated life of the loans, adjusted for current conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts and expected prepayments over the life of the loan.

Loans are evaluated on a pooled basis when they share similar risk characteristics. The Company monitors loans through a quarterly credit monitoring process to determine when they no longer share similar risk characteristics and are to be evaluated individually when estimating credit losses.

Loans are written off against their corresponding allowances when there is no reasonable expectation of

recovery. If a loan recovers after a write-off, the estimate of expected credit losses includes the expected recovery.

Accrual of income is suspended for loans that are in default or when full and timely collection of principal and interest payments is not probable. Accrued income receivable is monitored for recoverability and when not expected to be collected is written off through net investment income. Cash receipts on loans on non-accrual status are generally recorded as a reduction of amortized cost.

Accrued interest is excluded from the amortized cost of loans and is reported within the accrued investment income line of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. As of March 31, 2020, accrued interest totaled $ i 15 million, $ i 6 million and $ i 2 million for mortgage loans, bank loans and agent loans, respectively.

Mortgage loans When it is determined a mortgage loan shall be evaluated individually, the Company uses various methods to estimate credit losses on individual loans such as using collateral value less estimated costs to sell when applicable, including when foreclosure is probable or when repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. When collateral value is used, the mortgage loans may not have a credit loss allowance when the fair value of the collateral exceeds the loan’s amortized cost. An alternative approach may be utilized to estimate credit losses using the present value of the loan’s expected future repayment cash flows discounted at the loan’s current effective interest rate.

Individual loan credit loss allowances are adjusted for subsequent changes in the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell, when applicable, or present value of the loan’s expected future repayment cash flows.

Debt service coverage ratio is considered a key credit quality indicator when mortgage loan credit loss allowances are estimated. Debt service coverage ratio represents the amount of estimated cash flow from the property available to the borrower to meet principal and interest payment obligations. Debt service coverage ratio estimates are updated annually or more frequently if conditions are warranted based on the Company’s credit monitoring process.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 19

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Mortgage loans amortized cost by debt service coverage ratio distribution and year of origination

($ in millions)

2015 and prior

2016

2017

2018

2019

Current

Total

Below 1.0

i 15

i —

i 32

i —

i 47

i 56

1.0 - 1.25

i 66

i 14

i 32

i —

i 91

i 30

i 233

i 225

1.26 - 1.50

i 535

i 14

i 97

i 318

i 238

i —

i 1,202

i 1,237

Above 1.50

i 1,416

i 522

i 393

i 369

i 555

i 107

i 3,362

i 3,302

Amortized cost before allowance

i 2,032

i 550

i 554

i 687

i 884

i 137

i 4,844

i 4,820

Allowance ⁽¹⁾

( i 85

)

( i 3

)

Amortized cost, net

i 4,759

i 4,817


⁽¹⁾	Due to the adoption of the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments accounting standard, prior valuation allowance is now presented as an allowance for expected credit losses.

Mortgage loans with a debt service coverage ratio below 1.0 that are not considered impaired primarily relate to situations where the borrower has the financial capacity to fund the revenue shortfalls from the properties for the foreseeable term, the decrease in cash flows from the properties is considered temporary, or there are other risk mitigating factors such as additional collateral, escrow balances or borrower guarantees. Payments on all mortgage loans were current as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.



Rollforward of credit loss allowance for mortgage loans
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31, 2020
Beginning balance	$	( i 3	)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle	( i 42		)
Net (increases) decreases related to credit losses	( i 40		)
Ending balance	$	( i 85	)

Bank loans When it is determined a bank loan shall be evaluated individually, the Company uses various methods to estimate credit losses on individual loans such as the present value of the loan’s expected future repayment cash flows discounted at the loan’s current effective interest rate.

Credit ratings of the borrower are considered a key credit quality indicator when bank loan credit loss allowances are estimated. The ratings are updated quarterly and are either received from a nationally recognized rating agency or a comparable internal rating is derived if an externally provided rating is not available. The year of origination is determined to be the year in which the asset is acquired.

Bank loans amortized cost by credit rating and year of origination

($ in millions)

2015 and prior

2016

2017

2018

2019

Current

Total

BBB

i —

i 10

i 18

i 9

i 4

i 41

i 31

i 4

i 43

i 70

i 67

i 21

i 236

i 12

i 38

i 155

i 237

i 185

i 84

i 711

CCC and below

i 9

i 40

i 53

i 59

i 7

i 208

Amortized cost before allowance

i 52

i 82

i 248

i 378

i 320

i 116

i 1,196

Allowance

( i 79

)

Amortized cost, net

i 1,117



Rollforward of credit loss allowance for bank loans
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31, 2020
Beginning balance	$	i —
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle	( i 53		)
Net (increases) decreases related to credit losses	( i 27		)
Reduction of allowance related to sales	i 1
Ending balance	$	( i 79	)

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Agent loans The Company also monitors agent loans to determine when they should be removed from the pool and assessed for credit losses individually by using internal credit risk grades that classify the loans into risk categories. The categorization is based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as historical payment experience, current business trends, cash flow coverage and collateral quality. Internal credit risk grades are updated annually or more frequently if conditions are warranted based on the Company’s credit monitoring process.

As of March 31, 2020, i 87% of agent loans balance represents the top three highest credit quality categories. The allowance for agent loans totaled $ i 5 million as of March 31, 2020 and did not change from January 1, 2020.



Note 6	Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The hierarchy for inputs used in determining fair value maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Assets and liabilities recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at fair value are categorized in the fair value hierarchy based on the observability of inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1: Assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that the Company can access.

Level 2: Assets and liabilities whose values are based on the following:


(a)	Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;


(b)	Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or


(c)	Valuation models whose inputs are observable, directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Assets and liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the assets and liabilities.

The availability of observable inputs varies by instrument. In situations where fair value is based on internally developed pricing models or inputs that are unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. The degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is typically greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In many instances, valuation inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. The category level in the fair value hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company uses prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date, including during periods of market disruption. In periods of market disruption, the ability to observe

prices and inputs may be reduced for many instruments.

The Company is responsible for the determination of fair value and the supporting assumptions and methodologies. The Company gains assurance that assets and liabilities are appropriately valued through the execution of various processes and controls designed to ensure the overall reasonableness and consistent application of valuation methodologies, including inputs and assumptions, and compliance with accounting standards. For fair values received from third parties or internally estimated, the Company’s processes and controls are designed to ensure that the valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistently applied, the inputs and assumptions are reasonable and consistent with the objective of determining fair value, and the fair values are accurately recorded. For example, on a continuing basis, the Company assesses the reasonableness of individual fair values that have stale security prices or that exceed certain thresholds as compared to previous fair values received from valuation service providers or brokers or derived from internal models. The Company performs procedures to understand and assess the methodologies, processes and controls of valuation service providers. In addition, the Company may validate the reasonableness of fair values by comparing information obtained from valuation service providers or brokers to other third-party valuation sources for selected securities. The Company performs ongoing price validation procedures such as back-testing of actual sales, which corroborate the various inputs used in internal models to market observable data. When fair value determinations are expected to be more variable, the Company validates them through reviews by members of management who have relevant expertise and who are independent of those charged with executing investment transactions.

The Company has two types of situations where investments are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy:


(1)	Specific inputs significant to the fair value estimation models are not market observable. This primarily occurs in the Company’s use of broker quotes to value certain securities where the inputs have not been corroborated to be market observable, and the use of valuation models that use significant non-market observable inputs.


(2)	Quotes continue to be received from independent third-party valuation service providers and all

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 21

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

significant inputs are market observable; however, there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset when compared to normal market activity such that the degree of market observability has declined to a point where categorization as a Level 3 measurement is considered appropriate. The indicators considered in determining whether a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for a specific asset has occurred include the level of new issuances in the primary market, trading volume in the secondary market, the level of credit spreads over historical levels, applicable bid-ask spreads, and price consensus among market participants and other pricing sources.

Certain assets are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis, including investments such as mortgage loans, bank loans, agent loans and policy loans. Accordingly, such investments are only included in the fair value hierarchy disclosure when the individual investment’s amortized cost, net is reflected at fair value in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In determining fair value, the Company principally uses the market approach which generally utilizes market transaction data for the same or similar instruments. To a lesser extent, the Company uses the income approach which involves determining fair values from discounted cash flow methodologies. For the majority of Level 2 and Level 3 valuations, a combination of the market and income approaches is used.

Summary of significant inputs and valuation techniques for Level 2 and Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

Level 2 measurements


•	Fixed income securities:

U.S. government and agencies, municipal, corporate - public and foreign government: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.

Corporate - privately placed: Privately placed are valued using a discounted cash flow model that is widely accepted in the financial services industry and uses market observable inputs and inputs derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. The primary inputs to the discounted cash flow model include an interest rate yield curve, as well as published credit spreads for similar assets in markets that are not active that incorporate the credit quality and industry sector of the issuer.

Corporate - privately placed also includes redeemable preferred stock that are valued using quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields, underlying stock prices and credit spreads.

ABS and MBS: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields, collateral performance and credit spreads. Certain ABS are valued based on non-binding broker quotes whose inputs have been corroborated to be market observable. Residential MBS include prepayment speeds as a primary input for valuation.


•	Equity securities: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices or quoted net asset values for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active.


•	Short-term: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.


•	Other investments: Free-standing exchange listed derivatives that are not actively traded are valued based on quoted prices for identical instruments in markets that are not active.

Over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives, including interest rate swaps, foreign currency swaps, total return swaps, foreign exchange forward contracts, certain options and certain credit default swaps, are valued using models that rely on inputs such as interest rate yield curves, implied volatilities, index price levels, currency rates, and credit spreads that are observable for substantially the full term of the contract. The valuation techniques underlying the models are widely accepted in the financial services industry and do not involve significant judgment.

Level 3 measurements


•	Fixed income securities:

Municipal: Comprise municipal bonds that are not rated by third-party credit rating agencies. The primary inputs to the valuation of these municipal bonds include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that exhibit less liquidity relative to those markets supporting Level 2 fair value measurements, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads. Also included are municipal bonds valued based on non-binding broker quotes where the inputs have not been corroborated to be market observable and municipal bonds in default valued based on the present value of expected cash flows.

Corporate - public and privately placed, ABS and MBS: Primarily valued based on non-binding broker quotes where the inputs have not been corroborated to be market observable. Other inputs for corporate fixed income securities include an interest rate yield curve, as well as published credit spreads for similar assets that incorporate the credit quality and industry sector of the issuer.


•	Equity securities: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices or quoted net asset values for identical or similar assets in

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

markets that exhibit less liquidity relative to those markets supporting Level 2 fair value measurements.


•	Short-term: For certain short-term investments, amortized cost is used as the best estimate of fair value.

•

Other investments: Certain OTC derivatives, such as interest rate caps, certain credit default swaps and certain options (including swaptions), are valued using models that are widely accepted in the financial services industry. These are categorized as Level 3 as a result of the significance of non-market observable inputs such as volatility. Other primary inputs include interest rate yield curves and credit spreads.

•

Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in certain life and annuity contracts are valued internally using models widely accepted in the financial services industry that determine a single best estimate of fair value for the embedded derivatives within a block of contractholder liabilities. The models primarily use stochastically determined cash flows based on the contractual elements of embedded derivatives, projected option cost and applicable market data, such as interest rate yield curves and equity index volatility

assumptions. These are categorized as Level 3 as a result of the significance of non-market observable inputs.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis

Bank loans with individual credit loss allowances when valued based on broker quotes from brokers familiar with the loans and current market conditions or based on internal valuation models are included in the fair value hierarchy.

Investments excluded from the fair value hierarchy

Limited partnerships carried at fair value, which do not have readily determinable fair values, use NAV provided by the investees and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. These investments are generally not redeemable by the investees and generally cannot be sold without approval of the general partner. The Company receives distributions of income and proceeds from the liquidation of the underlying assets of the investees, which usually takes place in years 4-9 of the typical contractual life of i 10- i 12 years. As of March 31, 2020, the Company has commitments to invest $ i 459 million in these limited partnership interests.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 23

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value

($ in millions)

Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)

Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)

Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)

Counterparty and cash collateral netting

Total

Assets

Fixed income securities:

U.S. government and agencies

i 5,022

i 377

i —

i 5,399

Municipal

i —

i 8,651

i 58

i 8,709

Corporate - public

i —

i 31,621

i 60

i 31,681

Corporate - privately placed

i —

i 11,866

i 88

i 11,954

Foreign government

i —

i 911

i —

i 911

ABS

i —

i 797

i 39

i 836

MBS

i —

i 327

i 40

i 367

Total fixed income securities

i 5,022

i 54,550

i 285

i 59,857

Equity securities

i 3,069

i 290

i 342

i 3,701

Short-term investments

i 4,687

i 934

i 50

i 5,671

Other investments: Free-standing derivatives

i —

i 77

i —

( i 53

)

i 24

Separate account assets

i 2,434

i —

i 2,434

Total recurring basis assets

i 15,212

i 55,851

i 677

( i 53

)

i 71,687

Non-recurring basis⁽¹⁾

i —

i 3

Total assets at fair value

i 15,212

i 55,851

i 680

( i 53

)

i 71,690

% of total assets at fair value

i 21.2

i 77.9

i 1.0

( i 0.1

i 100.0

Investments reported at NAV

i 1,717

Total

i 73,407

Liabilities

Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts

i —

( i 417

)

( i 417

)

Other liabilities: Free-standing derivatives

( i 3

)

( i 19

)

i —

i 12

( i 10

)

Total recurring basis liabilities

( i 3

)

( i 19

)

( i 417

)

i 12

( i 427

)

% of total liabilities at fair value

i 0.7

i 4.4

i 97.7

( i 2.8

i 100.0


⁽¹⁾	Includes $ i 3 million of bank loans.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value

($ in millions)

Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)

Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)

Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)

Counterparty and cash collateral netting

Total

Assets

Fixed income securities:

U.S. government and agencies

i 4,689

i 397

i —

i 5,086

Municipal

i —

i 8,558

i 62

i 8,620

Corporate - public

i —

i 30,819

i 61

i 30,880

Corporate - privately placed

i —

i 12,084

i 114

i 12,198

Foreign government

i —

i 979

i —

i 979

ABS

i —

i 797

i 65

i 862

MBS

i —

i 379

i 40

i 419

Total fixed income securities

i 4,689

i 54,013

i 342

i 59,044

Equity securities

i 7,407

i 384

i 371

i 8,162

Short-term investments

i 1,940

i 2,291

i 25

i 4,256

Other investments: Free-standing derivatives

i —

i 180

i —

( i 40

)

i 140

Separate account assets

i 3,044

i —

i 3,044

Other assets

i 1

i —

i 1

Total recurring basis assets

i 17,081

i 56,868

i 738

( i 40

)

i 74,647

Total assets at fair value

i 17,081

i 56,868

i 738

( i 40

)

i 74,647

% of total assets at fair value

i 22.9

i 76.2

i 1.0

( i 0.1

i 100.0

Investments reported at NAV

i 1,814

Total

i 76,461

Liabilities

Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts

i —

( i 462

)

( i 462

)

Other liabilities: Free-standing derivatives

i —

( i 84

)

i —

i 12

( i 72

)

Total recurring basis liabilities

i —

( i 84

)

( i 462

)

i 12

( i 534

)

% of total liabilities at fair value

i —

i 15.7

i 86.5

( i 2.2

i 100.0

Quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements

($ in millions)

Fair value

Valuation

technique

Unobservable

input

Range

Weighted

average

Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts – Equity-indexed and forward starting options

( i 361

)

Stochastic cash flow model

Projected option cost

1.0 - 4.2%

i 2.71%

Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts – Equity-indexed and forward starting options

( i 430

)

Stochastic cash flow model

Projected option cost

1.0 - 4.2%

i 2.67%

The embedded derivatives are equity-indexed and forward starting options in certain life and annuity products that provide customers with interest crediting rates based on the performance of the S&P 500. If the projected option cost increased (decreased), it would result in a higher (lower) liability fair value.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Level 3 fair value measurements of fixed income securities total $ i 285 million and $ i 342 million, respectively, and include $ i 37 million and $ i 50 million, respectively, of securities valued based on non-binding broker quotes where the inputs have not been corroborated to be

market observable and $ i 33 million and $ i 36 million, respectively, of municipal fixed income securities that are not rated by third-party credit rating agencies. As the Company does not develop the Level 3 fair value unobservable inputs for these fixed income securities, they are not included in the table above. However, an increase (decrease) in credit spreads for fixed income securities valued based on non-binding broker quotes would result in a lower (higher) fair value, and an increase (decrease) in the credit rating of municipal bonds that are not rated by third-party credit rating agencies would result in a higher (lower) fair value.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 25

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Rollforward of Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value during the three month period ended March 31, 2020

Balance as of December 31, 2019

Total gains (losses) included in:

Transfers

Balance as of March 31, 2020

($ in millions)

Net income

OCI

Into Level 3

Out of Level 3

Purchases

Sales

Issues

Settlements

Assets

Fixed income securities:

Municipal

i 62

i 1

( i 1

)

i —

( i 2

)

i —

( i 2

)

i 58

Corporate - public

i 61

i —

( i 1

)

i 60

Corporate - privately placed

i 114

i —

( i 1

)

i —

( i 25

)

i 1

i —

( i 1

)

i 88

ABS

i 65

i —

i 26

( i 49

)

i 33

( i 9

)

i —

( i 27

)

i 39

MBS

i 40

i —

i 40

Total fixed income securities

i 342

i 1

( i 2

)

i 26

( i 74

)

i 34

( i 11

)

i —

( i 31

)

i 285

Equity securities

i 371

( i 30

)

i —

i 1

i —

i 342

Short-term investments

i 25

i —

i 25

i —

i 50

Total recurring Level 3 assets

i 738

( i 29

)

( i 2

)

i 26

( i 74

)

i 60

( i 11

)

i —

( i 31

)

i 677

Liabilities

Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts

( i 462

)

i 48

i —

( i 8

)

i 5

( i 417

)

Total recurring Level 3 liabilities

( i 462

)

i 48

i —

( i 8

)

i 5

( i 417

)

Total Level 3 gains (losses) included in net income for the three months ended March 31, 2020

Net investment income

Realized capital gains (losses)

Life contract benefits

Interest credited to contractholder funds

Total

Components of net income

( i 23

)

( i 6

)

( i 24

)

i 72

i 19

Rollforward of Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value during the three month period ended March 31, 2019

Balance as of December 31, 2018

Total gains (losses) included in:

Transfers

Balance as of March 31, 2019

($ in millions)

Net income

OCI

Into Level 3

Out of Level 3

Purchases

Sales

Issues

Settlements

Assets

Fixed income securities:

Municipal

i 70

i —

i 1

i —

( i 2

)

i —

( i 1

)

i 68

Corporate - public

i 70

i —

i 1

i —

i 20

i —

( i 1

)

i 90

Corporate - privately placed

i 90

( i 2

)

i 2

i 15

i —

( i 13

)

i —

( i 2

)

i 90

ABS

i 69

i —

( i 47

)

i 78

( i 10

)

i —

( i 3

)

i 87

MBS

i 26

i —

i 3

i —

i 6

i —

i 35

Total fixed income securities

i 325

( i 2

)

i 4

i 18

( i 47

)

i 104

( i 25

)

i —

( i 7

)

i 370

Equity securities

i 341

i 28

i —

i 2

( i 68

)

i —

i 303

Short-term investments

i 30

i —

i 10

i —

i 40

Free-standing derivatives, net

i 1

i —

i 1

Total recurring Level 3 assets

i 697

i 26

i 4

i 18

( i 47

)

i 116

( i 93

)

i —

( i 7

)

i 714

Liabilities

Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts

( i 224

)

( i 28

)

i —

i 1

( i 251

)

Total recurring Level 3 liabilities

( i 224

)

( i 28

)

i —

i 1

( i 251

)

Total Level 3 gains (losses) included in net income for the three months ended March 31, 2019

Net investment income

Realized capital gains (losses)

Life contract benefits

Interest credited to contractholder funds

Total

Components of net income

i —

i 26

i 8

( i 36

)

( i 2

)

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Transfers into Level 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 included situations where a quote was not provided by the Company’s independent third-party valuation service provider and as a result the price was stale or had been replaced with a broker quote where the inputs had not been corroborated to be market observable resulting in the security being classified as Level 3. Transfers into Level 3 during 2019 also included derivatives embedded in equity-indexed universal life contracts due to refinements in the valuation modeling resulting in an increase in significance of non-market observable inputs.

Transfers out of Level 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 included situations where a broker quote was used in the prior period and a quote became available from the Company’s independent third-party valuation service provider in the current period. A quote utilizing the new pricing source was not available as of the prior period, and any gains or losses related to the change in valuation source for individual securities were not significant.



Valuation changes included in net income and OCI for Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31,
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Assets
Fixed income securities:
Municipal	$	i 1		$	i —
Equity securities	$	( i 30	)	$	i 4
Free-standing derivatives, net	i —			i —
Total recurring Level 3 assets	$	( i 29	)	$	i 4
Liabilities
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts	$	i 48		$	( i 28	)
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities	i 48			( i 28		)
Total included in net income	$	i 19		$	( i 24	)

Components of net income
Net investment income	$	( i 23	)	$	i —
Realized capital gains (losses)	( i 6		)	i 4
Life contract benefits	( i 24		)	i 8
Interest credited to contractholder funds	i 72			( i 36		)
Total included in net income	$	i 19		$	( i 24	)

Assets
Municipal	$	( i 1	)
Corporate - privately placed	( i 1		)
Total recurring Level 3 assets	$	( i 2	)
Changes in unrealized net capital gains and losses reported in OCI ⁽¹⁾	$	( i 2	)


⁽¹⁾	Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the fair value accounting standard that prospectively requires the disclosure of valuation changes reported in OCI.

Financial instruments not carried at fair value

($ in millions)

Financial assets

Fair value level

Amortized cost, net

Fair

value

Amortized cost, net

Fair

value

Mortgage loans

Level 3

i 4,759

i 4,875

i 4,817

i 5,012

Bank loans

Level 3

i 1,117

i 1,042

i 1,204

i 1,185

Agent loans

Level 3

i 671

i 686

i 666

i 664

Financial liabilities

Fair value level

Carrying value ⁽¹⁾

Fair

value

Carrying value ⁽¹⁾

Fair

value

Contractholder funds on investment contracts

Level 3

i 8,190

i 8,755

i 8,438

i 9,158

Long-term debt

Level 2

i 6,633

i 7,568

i 6,631

i 7,738

Liability for collateral

Level 2

i 1,291

i 1,829

⁽¹⁾Represents the amounts reported on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 27

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements



Note 7	Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses derivatives for risk reduction and to increase investment portfolio returns through asset replication. Risk reduction activity is focused on managing the risks with certain assets and liabilities arising from the potential adverse impacts from changes in risk-free interest rates, changes in equity market valuations, increases in credit spreads and foreign currency fluctuations.

Asset replication refers to the “synthetic” creation of assets through the use of derivatives. The Company replicates fixed income securities using a combination of a credit default swap, index total return swap, or a foreign currency forward contract and one or more highly rated fixed income securities, primarily investment grade host bonds, to synthetically replicate the economic characteristics of one or more cash market securities. The Company replicates equity securities using futures, index total return swaps, and options to increase equity exposure.

Property-Liability may use interest rate swaps, swaptions, futures and options to manage the interest rate risks of existing investments. These instruments are utilized to change the duration of the portfolio in order to offset the economic effect that interest rates would otherwise have on the fair value of its fixed income securities. Fixed income index total return swaps are used to offset valuation losses in the fixed income portfolio during periods of declining market values. Credit default swaps are typically used to mitigate the credit risk within the Property-Liability fixed income portfolio. Equity index total return swaps, futures and options are used by Property-Liability to offset valuation losses in the equity portfolio during periods of declining equity market values. In addition, equity futures are used to hedge the market risk related to deferred compensation liability contracts. Forward contracts are primarily used by Property-Liability to hedge foreign currency risk associated with holding foreign currency denominated investments and foreign operations.

Asset-liability management is a risk management practice that is principally employed by Allstate Life and Allstate Annuities to balance the respective interest-rate sensitivities of its assets and liabilities. Depending upon the attributes of the assets acquired and liabilities issued, derivative instruments such as interest rate swaps, caps, swaptions and futures are utilized to change the interest rate characteristics of existing assets and liabilities to ensure the relationship is maintained within specified ranges and to reduce exposure to rising or falling interest rates. Fixed income index total return swaps are used to offset valuation losses in the portfolio during periods of declining market values. Credit default swaps are typically used to mitigate the credit risk within the Allstate Life and Allstate Annuities fixed income portfolios. Futures and options are used for hedging the equity exposure contained in equity indexed life and annuity product contracts that offer equity returns to contractholders. In addition, the Company uses equity index total return swaps, options and futures to

offset valuation losses in the equity portfolio during periods of declining equity market values. Foreign currency swaps and forwards are primarily used to reduce the foreign currency risk associated with holding foreign currency denominated investments.

The Company also has derivatives embedded in non-derivative host contracts that are required to be separated from the host contracts and accounted for at fair value with changes in fair value of embedded derivatives reported in net income. The Company’s primary embedded derivatives are equity options in life and annuity product contracts, which provide returns linked to equity indices to contractholders.

When derivatives meet specific criteria, they may be designated as accounting hedges and accounted for as fair value, cash flow, foreign currency fair value or foreign currency cash flow hedges. The Company designates certain investment risk transfer reinsurance agreements as fair value hedges when the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting the risk of changes in the fair value of the hedged item. The fair value of the hedged liability is reported in contractholder funds in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The impact from results of the fair value hedge is reported in interest credited to contractholder funds in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The notional amounts specified in the contracts are used to calculate the exchange of contractual payments under the agreements and are generally not representative of the potential for gain or loss on these agreements. However, the notional amounts specified in credit default swaps where the Company has sold credit protection represent the maximum amount of potential loss, assuming no recoveries.

Fair value, which is equal to the carrying value, is the estimated amount that the Company would receive or pay to terminate the derivative contracts at the reporting date. The carrying value amounts for OTC derivatives are further adjusted for the effects, if any, of enforceable master netting agreements and are presented on a net basis, by counterparty agreement, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

For those derivatives which qualify and have been designated as fair value accounting hedges, net income includes the changes in the fair value of both the derivative instrument and the hedged risk. For cash flow hedges, gains and losses are amortized from AOCI and are reported in net income in the same period the forecasted transactions being hedged impact net income.

Non-hedge accounting is generally used for “portfolio” level hedging strategies where the terms of the individual hedged items do not meet the strict homogeneity requirements to permit the application of hedge accounting. For non-hedge derivatives, net income includes changes in fair value and accrued periodic settlements, when applicable. With the exception of non-hedge derivatives used for asset

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

replication and non-hedge embedded derivatives, all of the Company’s derivatives are evaluated for their ongoing effectiveness as either accounting hedge or non-hedge derivative financial instruments on at least a quarterly basis.

Fair value hedges The Company had i one derivative designated as a fair value hedge as of March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Cash flow hedges The Company had i no derivatives designated as a cash flow hedge as of March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Summary of the volume and fair value positions of derivative instruments as of March 31, 2020

($ in millions, except number of contracts)

Volume ⁽¹⁾

Balance sheet location

Notional amount

Number of contracts

Fair value, net

Gross asset

Gross liability

Asset derivatives

Derivatives designated as fair value accounting hedging instruments

Other

Other assets

i 2

n/a

i —

Derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments

Interest rate contracts

Futures

Other assets

i —

i 568

i —

Equity and index contracts

Options

Other investments

i —

i 3,262

i 21

i —

Futures

Other assets

i —

i 12

i —

Total return index contracts

Total return swap agreements – fixed income

Other investments

i 83

n/a

( i 5

)

i —

( i 5

)

Foreign currency contracts

Foreign currency forwards

Other investments

i 629

n/a

i 42

i 44

( i 2

)

Credit default contracts

Credit default swaps – buying protection

Other investments

i 114

n/a

i 1

i 4

( i 3

)

Credit default swaps – selling protection

Other investments

i 7

n/a

i —

Subtotal

i 833

i 3,842

i 59

i 69

( i 10

)

Total asset derivatives

i 835

i 3,842

i 59

i 69

( i 10

)

Liability derivatives

Derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments

Interest rate contracts

Interest rate cap agreements

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i 33

n/a

i —

Futures

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i —

i 6,808

( i 1

)

i —

( i 1

)

Equity and index contracts

Options

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i —

i 3,016

( i 4

)

i —

( i 4

)

Futures

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i —

i 1,476

( i 2

)

i —

( i 2

)

Total return index contracts

Total return swap agreements – fixed income

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i 2

n/a

i —

Total return swap agreements – equity index

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i 6

n/a

( i 1

)

i —

( i 1

)

Foreign currency contracts

Foreign currency forwards

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i 145

n/a

i 6

i 7

( i 1

)

Embedded derivative financial instruments

Guaranteed accumulation benefits

Contractholder funds

i 127

n/a

( i 33

)

i —

( i 33

)

Guaranteed withdrawal benefits

Contractholder funds

i 164

n/a

( i 23

)

i —

( i 23

)

Equity-indexed and forward starting options in life and annuity product contracts

Contractholder funds

i 1,768

n/a

( i 361

)

i —

( i 361

)

Credit default contracts

Credit default swaps – buying protection

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i 54

n/a

i —

i 1

( i 1

)

Credit default swaps – selling protection

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i 752

n/a

( i 2

)

i —

( i 2

)

Total liability derivatives

i 3,051

i 11,300

( i 421

)

i 8

( i 429

)

Total derivatives

i 3,886

i 15,142

( i 362

)


⁽¹⁾	Volume for OTC and cleared derivative contracts is represented by their notional amounts. Volume for exchange traded derivatives is represented by the number of contracts, which is the basis on which they are traded. (n/a = not applicable)

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 29

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Summary of the volume and fair value positions of derivative instruments as of December 31, 2019

($ in millions, except number of contracts)

Volume

Balance sheet location

Notional amount

Number of contracts

Fair value, net

Gross asset

Gross liability

Asset derivatives

Derivatives designated as accounting hedging instruments

Other

Other assets

i 2

n/a

i —

Derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments

Interest rate contracts

Futures

Other assets

i —

i 3,668

i —

Equity and index contracts

Options

Other investments

i —

i 5,539

i 140

i —

Futures

Other assets

i —

i 1,533

i 1

i —

Total return index contracts

Total return swap agreements – fixed income

Other investments

i 56

n/a

i 1

i —

Credit default contracts

Credit default swaps – buying protection

Other investments

i 17

n/a

i —

Subtotal

i 73

i 10,740

i 142

i —

Total asset derivatives

i 75

i 10,740

i 142

i —

Liability derivatives

Derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments

Interest rate contracts

Interest rate cap agreements

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i 34

n/a

i —

Futures

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i —

i 1,089

i —

Equity and index contracts

Options

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i —

i 5,400

( i 68

)

i —

( i 68

)

Futures

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i —

i 3

i —

Total return index contracts

Total return swap agreements – fixed income

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i 119

n/a

i —

Total return swap agreements – equity index

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i 187

n/a

i 11

i —

Foreign currency contracts

Foreign currency forwards

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i 745

n/a

i 19

i 28

( i 9

)

Embedded derivative financial instruments

Guaranteed accumulation benefits

Contractholder funds

i 161

n/a

( i 18

)

i —

( i 18

)

Guaranteed withdrawal benefits

Contractholder funds

i 205

n/a

( i 14

)

i —

( i 14

)

Equity-indexed and forward starting options in life and annuity product contracts

Contractholder funds

i 1,791

n/a

( i 430

)

i —

( i 430

)

Credit default contracts

Credit default swaps – buying protection

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i 152

n/a

( i 7

)

i —

( i 7

)

Credit default swaps – selling protection

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

i 9

n/a

i —

Total liability derivatives

i 3,403

i 6,492

( i 507

)

i 39

( i 546

)

Total derivatives

i 3,478

i 17,232

( i 365

)

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Gross and net amounts for OTC derivatives ⁽¹⁾

($ in millions)

Offsets

Gross amount

Counter-party netting

Cash collateral (received) pledged

Net amount on balance sheet

Securities collateral (received) pledged

Net amount

Asset derivatives

i 56

( i 18

)

( i 35

)

i 3

i —

i 3

Liability derivatives

( i 13

)

i 18

( i 6

)

( i 1

)

i —

( i 1

)

Asset derivatives

i 40

( i 39

)

( i 1

)

i —

Liability derivatives

( i 16

)

i 39

( i 27

)

( i 4

)

i —

( i 4

)


⁽¹⁾	All OTC derivatives are subject to enforceable master netting agreements.

Gains (losses) from valuation and settlements reported on derivatives not designated as accounting hedges

($ in millions)

Realized capital gains (losses)

Life contract benefits

Interest credited to contractholder funds

Operating costs and expenses

Total gain (loss) recognized in net income on derivatives

Three months ended March 31, 2020

Interest rate contracts

i 39

i —

i 39

Equity and index contracts

i 28

i —

( i 50

)

( i 45

)

( i 67

)

Embedded derivative financial instruments

i —

( i 24

)

i 69

i —

i 45

Foreign currency contracts

i 36

i —

i 36

Credit default contracts

( i 8

)

i —

( i 8

)

Total return swaps - fixed income

( i 9

)

i —

( i 9

)

Total return swaps - equity index

i 2

i —

i 2

Total

i 88

( i 24

)

i 19

( i 45

)

i 38

Three months ended March 31, 2019

Interest rate contracts

i 7

i —

i 7

Equity and index contracts

( i 71

)

i —

i 31

i 21

( i 19

)

Embedded derivative financial instruments

i —

i 8

( i 35

)

i —

( i 27

)

Foreign currency contracts

i 5

i —

i 5

Credit default contracts

( i 4

)

i —

( i 4

)

Total return swaps - fixed income

i 2

i —

i 2

Total return swaps - equity index

i 15

i —

i 15

Total

( i 46

)

i 8

( i 4

)

i 21

( i 21

)

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 31

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company manages its exposure to credit risk by utilizing highly rated counterparties, establishing risk control limits, executing legally enforceable master netting agreements (“MNAs”) and obtaining collateral where appropriate. The Company uses MNAs for OTC derivative transactions that permit either party to net payments due for transactions and collateral is either pledged or obtained when certain predetermined exposure limits are exceeded. As of March 31, 2020, counterparties pledged $ i 45 million in collateral to the Company, and the Company pledged $ i 4 million in cash and securities to counterparties which includes $ i 3 million of collateral posted under MNAs for contracts containing credit-risk-contingent provisions that are in a liability position.

The Company has not incurred any losses on derivative financial instruments due to counterparty nonperformance. Other derivatives, including futures and certain option contracts, are traded on organized exchanges which require margin deposits and guarantee the execution of trades, thereby mitigating any potential credit risk.

Counterparty credit exposure represents the Company’s potential loss if all of the counterparties concurrently fail to perform under the contractual terms of the contracts and all collateral, if any, becomes worthless. This exposure is measured by the fair value of OTC derivative contracts with a positive fair value at the reporting date reduced by the effect, if any, of legally enforceable master netting agreements.

OTC derivatives counterparty credit exposure by counterparty credit rating

($ in millions)

Rating ⁽¹⁾

Number of

counter-

parties

Notional

amount⁽²⁾

Credit

exposure⁽²⁾

Exposure, net of collateral⁽²⁾

Number of

counter-

parties

Notional

amount⁽²⁾

Credit

exposure⁽²⁾

Exposure, net of collateral⁽²⁾

A+

i 4

i 718

i 40

i 2

i 6

i 868

i 29

i —

i 1

i 221

i 6

i —

Total

i 5

i 939

i 46

i 2

i 6

i 868

i 29

i —


⁽¹⁾	Allstate uses the lower of S&P’s or Moody’s long-term debt issuer ratings.


⁽²⁾	Only OTC derivatives with a net positive fair value are included for each counterparty.

For certain exchange traded and cleared derivatives, margin deposits are required as well as daily cash settlements of margin accounts. As of March 31, 2020, the Company pledged $ i 39 million in the form of margin deposits.

Market risk is the risk that the Company will incur losses due to adverse changes in market rates and prices. Market risk exists for all of the derivative financial instruments the Company currently holds, as these instruments may become less valuable due to adverse changes in market conditions. To limit this risk, the Company’s senior management has established risk control limits. In addition, changes in fair value of the derivative financial instruments that the Company uses for risk management purposes are generally offset by the change in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged risk component of the related assets, liabilities or forecasted transactions.

Certain of the Company’s derivative instruments contain credit-risk-contingent termination events, cross-default provisions and credit support annex agreements. Credit-risk-contingent termination

events allow the counterparties to terminate the derivative agreement or a specific trade on certain dates if AIC’s, ALIC’s or Allstate Life Insurance Company of New York’s (“ALNY”) financial strength credit ratings by Moody’s or S&P fall below a certain level. Credit-risk-contingent cross-default provisions allow the counterparties to terminate the derivative agreement if the Company defaults by pre-determined threshold amounts on certain debt instruments. Credit-risk-contingent credit support annex agreements specify the amount of collateral the Company must post to counterparties based on AIC’s, ALIC’s or ALNY’s financial strength credit ratings by Moody’s or S&P, or in the event AIC, ALIC or ALNY are no longer rated by either Moody’s or S&P.

The following summarizes the fair value of derivative instruments with termination, cross-default or collateral credit-risk-contingent features that are in a liability position, as well as the fair value of assets and collateral that are netted against the liability in accordance with provisions within legally enforceable MNAs.



($ in millions)	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Gross liability fair value of contracts containing credit-risk-contingent features	$	i 13		$	i 16
Gross asset fair value of contracts containing credit-risk-contingent features and subject to MNAs	( i 10		)	( i 11		)
Collateral posted under MNAs for contracts containing credit-risk-contingent features	( i 3		)	( i 3		)
Maximum amount of additional exposure for contracts with credit-risk-contingent features if all features were triggered concurrently	$	i —		$	i 2

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Credit derivatives - selling protection

A credit default swap (“CDS”) is a derivative instrument, representing an agreement between two parties to exchange the credit risk of a specified entity (or a group of entities), or an index based on the credit risk of a group of entities (all commonly referred to as the “reference entity” or a portfolio of “reference entities”), in return for a periodic premium. In selling

protection, CDS are used to replicate fixed income securities and to complement the cash market when credit exposure to certain issuers is not available or when the derivative alternative is less expensive than the cash market alternative. CDS typically have a five-year term.

CDS notional amounts by credit rating and fair value of protection sold

($ in millions)

Notional amount

AAA

BBB

BB and

lower

Total

Fair

value

Single name

Corporate debt

i —

i 9

i —

Index

Corporate debt

i 6

i 12

i 168

i 510

i 54

i 750

( i 2

)

Total

i 6

i 12

i 168

i 510

i 63

i 759

( i 2

)

Single name

Corporate debt

i —

i 9

i —

Total

i —

i 9

i —

In selling protection with CDS, the Company sells credit protection on an identified single name, a basket of names in a first-to-default (“FTD”) structure or credit derivative index (“CDX”) that is generally investment grade, and in return receives periodic premiums through expiration or termination of the agreement. With single name CDS, this premium or credit spread generally corresponds to the difference between the yield on the reference entity’s public fixed maturity cash instruments and swap rates at the time the agreement is executed. With a FTD basket, because of the additional credit risk inherent in a basket of named reference entities, the premium generally corresponds to a high proportion of the sum of the credit spreads of the names in the basket and the correlation between the names. CDX is utilized to take a position on multiple (generally 125) reference entities. Credit events are typically defined as bankruptcy, failure to pay, or restructuring, depending on the nature of the reference entities. If a credit event occurs, the Company settles with the counterparty, either through physical settlement or cash settlement. In a physical

settlement, a reference asset is delivered by the buyer of protection to the Company, in exchange for cash payment at par, whereas in a cash settlement, the Company pays the difference between par and the prescribed value of the reference asset. When a credit event occurs in a single name or FTD basket (for FTD, the first credit event occurring for any one name in the basket), the contract terminates at the time of settlement. For CDX, the reference entity’s name incurring the credit event is removed from the index while the contract continues until expiration. The maximum payout on a CDS is the contract notional amount. A physical settlement may afford the Company with recovery rights as the new owner of the asset.

The Company monitors risk associated with credit derivatives through individual name credit limits at both a credit derivative and a combined cash instrument/credit derivative level. The ratings of individual names for which protection has been sold are also monitored.



Note 8	Reserve for Property and Casualty Insurance Claims and Claims Expense

The Company establishes reserves for claims and claims expense on reported and unreported claims of insured losses. The Company’s reserving process takes into account known facts and interpretations of circumstances and factors including the Company’s experience with similar cases, actual claims paid, historical trends involving claim payment patterns and pending levels of unpaid claims, loss management programs, product mix and contractual terms, changes in law and regulation, judicial decisions, and economic conditions. In the normal course of business, the Company may also supplement its claims processes by utilizing third-party adjusters, appraisers, engineers,

inspectors, and other professionals and information sources to assess and settle catastrophe and non-catastrophe related claims. The effects of inflation are implicitly considered in the reserving process.

Because reserves are estimates of unpaid portions of losses that have occurred, including incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) losses, the establishment of appropriate reserves, including reserves for catastrophes, Discontinued Lines and Coverages and reinsurance and indemnification recoverables, is an inherently uncertain and complex process. The ultimate cost of losses may vary materially from recorded amounts, which are based on management’s

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 33

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

best estimates. The highest degree of uncertainty is associated with reserves for losses incurred in the current reporting period as it contains the greatest proportion of losses that have not been reported or settled. The Company regularly updates its reserve estimates as new information becomes available and as events unfold that may affect the resolution of unsettled claims. Changes in prior year reserve estimates, which may be material, are reported in property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period such changes are determined.

Management believes that the reserve for property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense, net of recoverables, is appropriately

established in the aggregate and adequate to cover the ultimate net cost of reported and unreported claims arising from losses which had occurred by the date of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position based on available facts, technology, laws and regulations.

Allstate’s reserves for asbestos claims were $ i 790 million and $ i 810 million, net of recoverables of $ i 351 million and $ i 362 million, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Reserves for environmental claims were $ i 175 million and $ i 179 million, net of recoverables of $ i 39 million and $ i 40 million, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.



Rollforward of the reserve for property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Balance as of January 1	$	i 27,712		$	i 27,423
Less recoverables ⁽¹⁾	( i 6,912		)	( i 7,155		)
Net balance as of January 1	i 20,800			i 20,268
Incurred claims and claims expense related to:
Current year	i 5,333			i 5,808
Prior years	i 8			i 12
Total incurred	i 5,341			i 5,820
Claims and claims expense paid related to:
Current year	( i 2,352		)	( i 2,270		)
Prior years	( i 3,554		)	( i 3,294		)
Total paid	( i 5,906		)	( i 5,564		)
Net balance as of March 31	i 20,235			i 20,524
Plus recoverables	i 6,913			i 7,020
Balance as of March 31	$	i 27,148		$	i 27,544


⁽¹⁾	Recoverables comprises reinsurance and indemnification recoverables.

Incurred claims and claims expense represents the sum of paid losses, claim adjustment expenses and reserve changes in the period. This expense included losses from catastrophes of $ i 211 million and $ i 680 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, net of recoverables.

Catastrophes are an inherent risk of the property and casualty insurance business that have contributed to, and will continue to contribute to, material year-to-year fluctuations in the Company’s results of operations and financial position.

Prior year reserve reestimates included in claims and claims expense ⁽¹⁾

Three months ended March 31,

($ in millions)

Non-catastrophes losses

Catastrophes losses

Total

2020

2019

2020

2019 ⁽²⁾

2020

2019

Auto

i 22

( i 53

)

( i 9

)

( i 1

)

i 13

( i 54

)

Homeowners

i 1

i 7

( i 8

)

i 46

( i 7

)

i 53

Other personal lines

( i 2

)

( i 2

)

( i 4

)

i 9

( i 6

)

i 7

Commercial lines

i 5

i 1

( i 1

)

i 6

i 4

Discontinued Lines and Coverages

i 2

i —

i 2

Service Businesses

i —

Total prior year reserve reestimates

i 28

( i 41

)

( i 20

)

i 53

i 8

i 12


⁽¹⁾	Favorable reserve reestimates are shown in parentheses.


⁽²⁾	Includes $ i 15 million of reinstatement reinsurance premiums incurred during the period related to the 2018 Camp Fire, which primarily impacted homeowners reestimates.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements



Note 9	Reinsurance and indemnification



Effects of reinsurance ceded and indemnification programs on property and casualty premiums earned and life premiums and contract charges
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Property and casualty insurance premiums earned	$	( i 289	)	$	( i 260	)
Life premiums and contract charges	( i 44		)	( i 63		)

/ i



Effects of reinsurance ceded and indemnification programs on property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense, life contract benefits and interest credited to contractholder funds
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense	$	( i 131	)	$	( i 91	)
Life contract benefits	( i 91		)	( i 23		)
Interest credited to contractholder funds	( i 5		)	( i 3		)

Reinsurance and indemnification recoverables



Reinsurance and indemnification recoverables, net
($ in millions)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Property and casualty
Paid and due from reinsurers and indemnitors	$	i 101	$	i 112
Unpaid losses estimated (including IBNR)	i 6,913		i 6,912
Total property and casualty	$	i 7,014	$	i 7,024

Annuities	i 1,377		i 1,305
Life insurance	i 735		i 794
Other	i 88		i 88
Total	$	i 9,214	$	i 9,211

/ /

Property and casualty As of March 31, 2020, the credit loss allowance for reinsurance recoverables, primarily related to discontinued lines and coverages reinsurance ceded decreased to $ i 59 million from $ i 60 million at January 1, 2020 primarily due to a $ i 1 million decrease in the current provision for credit losses.

Indemnification recoverables are considered collectible based on the industry pool and facility enabling legislation.

Annuities, life insurance and other As of March 31, 2020, the credit loss allowance for reinsurance recoverables related to life reinsurance ceded increased to $ i 15 million from $ i 14 million at January 1, 2020 primarily due to $ i 1 million of credit losses.

The Company had $ i 63 million and $ i 70 million of reinsurance recoverables, net of an allowance for estimated uncollectible amounts, related to Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. On December 14, 2018, the Delaware Insurance Commissioner placed Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. under regulatory supervision. On March 6, 2019, the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware entered a Rehabilitation and Injunction Order (the “Rehabilitation Order”) in response to a petition filed by the Insurance Commissioner (the “Petition”).

Pursuant to the Petition, it is expected that Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. will submit a Plan of Rehabilitation. The Company joined in a joint motion filed on behalf of several affected parties asking the court to allow a specified amount of offsetting claim payments and losses against premiums remitted to Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. The Company also filed a separate motion related to the reimbursement of claim payments where Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. is also acting as administrator. The Court has not yet ruled on either of these motions. In the interim, the Company and several other affected parties have been permitted to exercise certain setoff rights while the parties address any potential disputes.

The Company continues to monitor Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. for future developments and will reevaluate its allowance for uncollectible amounts as new information becomes available.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 35

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements



Note 10	Capital Structure

Redemption of preferred stock On January 15, 2020, the Company redeemed all i 11,500 shares of its Fixed Rate Noncumulative Preferred Stock, Series A, par value $ i 1.00 per share and liquidation preference $ i 25,000 per share and the corresponding depositary shares. The total redemption payment was $ i 288 million, using the proceeds from the issuance of the

Fixed Rate Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series I, on November 8, 2019. The Company recognized $ i 10 million of original issuance costs in preferred stock dividends on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity as a result of the preferred stock redemption.



Note 11	Company Restructuring

The Company undertakes various programs to reduce expenses. These programs generally involve a reduction in staffing levels, and in certain cases, office closures. Restructuring and related charges primarily include the following costs related to these programs:


•	Employee - severance and relocation benefits


•	Exit - contract termination penalties

The expenses related to these activities are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as restructuring and related charges and totaled $ i 5 million and $ i 18 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Restructuring expenses in 2020 primarily related to realignment of certain employees to centralized talent centers.

Restructuring activity during the period

($ in millions)

Employee

costs

Exit

costs

Total

liability

Restructuring liability as of December 31, 2019

i 14

i 8

i 22

Expense incurred

i 2

i 1

i 3

Adjustments to liability

i 2

i —

i 2

Payments

( i 4

)

( i 2

)

( i 6

)

Restructuring liability as of March 31, 2020

i 14

i 7

i 21

As of March 31, 2020, the cumulative amount incurred to date for active programs related to employee severance, relocation benefits and exit expenses totaled $ i 106 million for employee costs and $ i 8 million for exit costs.



Note 12	Guarantees and Contingent Liabilities

Shared markets and state facility assessments

The Company is required to participate in assigned risk plans, reinsurance facilities and joint underwriting associations in various states that provide insurance coverage to individuals or entities that otherwise are unable to purchase such coverage from private insurers.

The Company routinely reviews its exposure to assessments from these plans, facilities and government programs. Underwriting results related to these arrangements, which tend to be adverse, have been immaterial to the Company’s results of operations. Because of the Company’s participation, it may be exposed to losses that surpass the capitalization of these facilities and/or assessments from these facilities.

Guarantees

In the normal course of business, the Company provides standard indemnifications to contractual counterparties in connection with numerous transactions, including acquisitions and divestitures. The types of indemnifications typically provided include indemnifications for breaches of representations and warranties, taxes and certain other liabilities, such as third-party lawsuits. The indemnification clauses are often standard contractual terms and are entered into in the normal course of

business based on an assessment that the risk of loss would be remote. The terms of the indemnifications vary in duration and nature. In many cases, the maximum obligation is not explicitly stated and the contingencies triggering the obligation to indemnify have not occurred and are not expected to occur. Consequently, the maximum amount of the obligation under such indemnifications is not determinable. Historically, the Company has not made any material payments pursuant to these obligations.

Related to the sale of Lincoln Benefit Life Company on April 1, 2014, ALIC agreed to indemnify Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. in connection with certain representations, warranties and covenants of ALIC, and certain liabilities specifically excluded from the transaction, subject to specific contractual limitations regarding ALIC’s maximum obligation. Management does not believe these indemnifications will have a material effect on results of operations, cash flows or financial position of the Company.

The aggregate liability balance related to all guarantees was not material as of March 31, 2020.

Regulation and compliance

The Company is subject to extensive laws, regulations, administrative directives, and regulatory actions. From time to time, regulatory authorities or legislative bodies seek to influence and restrict

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 36

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

premium rates, require premium refunds to policyholders, require reinstatement of terminated policies, prescribe rules or guidelines on how affiliates compete in the marketplace, restrict the ability of insurers to cancel or non-renew policies, require insurers to continue to write new policies or limit their ability to write new policies, limit insurers’ ability to change coverage terms or to impose underwriting standards, impose additional regulations regarding agency and broker compensation, regulate the nature of and amount of investments, impose fines and penalties for unintended errors or mistakes, impose additional regulations regarding cybersecurity and privacy, and otherwise expand overall regulation of insurance products and the insurance industry. In addition, the Company is subject to laws and regulations administered and enforced by federal agencies, international agencies, and other organizations, including but not limited to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and the U.S. Department of Justice. The Company has established procedures and policies to facilitate compliance with laws and regulations, to foster prudent business operations, and to support financial reporting. The Company routinely reviews its practices to validate compliance with laws and regulations and with internal procedures and policies. As a result of these reviews, from time to time the Company may decide to modify some of its procedures and policies. Such modifications, and the reviews that led to them, may be accompanied by payments being made and costs being incurred. The ultimate changes and eventual effects of these actions on the Company’s business, if any, are uncertain.

Legal and regulatory proceedings and inquiries

The Company and certain subsidiaries are involved in a number of lawsuits, regulatory inquiries, and other legal proceedings arising out of various aspects of its business.

Background These matters raise difficult and complicated factual and legal issues and are subject to many uncertainties and complexities, including the underlying facts of each matter; novel legal issues; variations between jurisdictions in which matters are being litigated, heard, or investigated; changes in assigned judges; differences or developments in applicable laws and judicial interpretations; judges reconsidering prior rulings; the length of time before many of these matters might be resolved by settlement, through litigation, or otherwise; adjustments with respect to anticipated trial schedules and other proceedings; developments in similar actions against other companies; the fact that some of the lawsuits are putative class actions in which a class has not been certified and in which the purported class may not be clearly defined; the fact that some of the lawsuits involve multi-state class actions in which the applicable law(s) for the claims at issue is in dispute and therefore unclear; and the challenging legal environment faced by corporations and insurance companies.

The outcome of these matters may be affected by decisions, verdicts, and settlements, and the timing of such decisions, verdicts, and settlements, in other individual and class action lawsuits that involve the Company, other insurers, or other entities and by other legal, governmental, and regulatory actions that involve the Company, other insurers, or other entities. The outcome may also be affected by future state or federal legislation, the timing or substance of which cannot be predicted.

In the lawsuits, plaintiffs seek a variety of remedies which may include equitable relief in the form of injunctive and other remedies and monetary relief in the form of contractual and extra-contractual damages. In some cases, the monetary damages sought may include punitive or treble damages. Often specific information about the relief sought, such as the amount of damages, is not available because plaintiffs have not requested specific relief in their pleadings. When specific monetary demands are made, they are often set just below a state court jurisdictional limit in order to seek the maximum amount available in state court, regardless of the specifics of the case, while still avoiding the risk of removal to federal court. In Allstate’s experience, monetary demands in pleadings bear little relation to the ultimate loss, if any, to the Company.

In connection with regulatory examinations and proceedings, government authorities may seek various forms of relief, including penalties, restitution, and changes in business practices. The Company may not be advised of the nature and extent of relief sought until the final stages of the examination or proceeding.

Accrual and disclosure policy The Company reviews its lawsuits, regulatory inquiries, and other legal proceedings on an ongoing basis and follows appropriate accounting guidance when making accrual and disclosure decisions. The Company establishes accruals for such matters at management’s best estimate when the Company assesses that it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company does not establish accruals for such matters when the Company does not believe both that it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company’s assessment of whether a loss is reasonably possible, or probable, is based on its assessment of the ultimate outcome of the matter following all appeals. The Company does not include potential recoveries in its estimates of reasonably possible or probable losses. Legal fees are expensed as incurred.

The Company continues to monitor its lawsuits, regulatory inquiries, and other legal proceedings for further developments that would make the loss contingency both probable and estimable, and accordingly accruable, or that could affect the amount of accruals that have been previously established. There may continue to be exposure to loss in excess of any amount accrued. Disclosure of the nature and amount of an accrual is made when there have been sufficient legal and factual developments such that the

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 37

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Company’s ability to resolve the matter would not be impaired by the disclosure of the amount of accrual.

When the Company assesses it is reasonably possible or probable that a loss has been incurred, it discloses the matter. When it is possible to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss above the amount accrued, if any, for the matters disclosed, that estimate is aggregated and disclosed. Disclosure is not required when an estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss cannot be made.

For certain of the matters described below in the “Claims related proceedings” and “Other proceedings” subsections, the Company is able to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss above the amount accrued, if any. In determining whether it is possible to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss, the Company reviews and evaluates the disclosed matters, in conjunction with counsel, in light of potentially relevant factual and legal developments.

These developments may include information learned through the discovery process, rulings on dispositive motions, settlement discussions, information obtained from other sources, experience from managing these and other matters, and other rulings by courts, arbitrators or others. When the Company possesses sufficient appropriate information to develop an estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss above the amount accrued, if any, that estimate is aggregated and disclosed below. There may be other disclosed matters for which a loss is probable or reasonably possible, but such an estimate is not possible. Disclosure of the estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss above the amount accrued, if any, for any individual matter would only be considered when there have been sufficient legal and factual developments such that the Company’s ability to resolve the matter would not be impaired by the disclosure of the individual estimate.

The Company currently estimates that the aggregate range of reasonably possible loss in excess of the amount accrued, if any, for the disclosed matters where such an estimate is possible is i zero to $ i 75 million, pre-tax. This disclosure is not an indication of expected loss, if any. Under accounting guidance, an event is “reasonably possible” if “the chance of the future event or events occurring is more than remote but less than likely” and an event is “remote” if “the chance of the future event or events occurring is slight.” This estimate is based upon currently available information and is subject to significant judgment and a variety of assumptions, and known and unknown uncertainties. The matters underlying the estimate will change from time to time, and actual results may vary significantly from the current estimate. The estimate does not include matters or losses for which an estimate is not possible. Therefore, this estimate represents an estimate of possible loss only for certain matters meeting these criteria. It does not represent the Company’s maximum possible loss exposure. Information is provided below regarding the nature of all of the disclosed matters and, where specified, the amount, if any, of plaintiff claims associated with these loss contingencies.

Due to the complexity and scope of the matters disclosed in the “Claims related proceedings” and “Other proceedings” subsections below and the many uncertainties that exist, the ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be predicted and in the Company’s judgment, a loss, in excess of amounts accrued, if any, is not probable. In the event of an unfavorable outcome in one or more of these matters, the ultimate liability may be in excess of amounts currently accrued, if any, and may be material to the Company’s operating results or cash flows for a particular quarterly or annual period. However, based on information currently known to it, management believes that the ultimate outcome of all matters described below, as they are resolved over time, is not likely to have a material effect on the financial position of the Company.

Claims related proceedings The Company is managing various disputes in Florida that raise challenges to the Company’s practices, processes, and procedures relating to claims for personal injury protection benefits under Florida auto policies. Medical providers continue to pursue litigation under various theories that challenge the amounts that the Company pays under the personal injury protection coverage, seeking additional benefit payments, as well as applicable interest, penalties and fees. There are pending putative class actions, including Revival Chiropractic v. Allstate Insurance Company, et al. (M.D. Fla. filed January 2019), and litigation involving individual plaintiffs. The Company is vigorously asserting both procedural and substantive defenses to lawsuits involving issues of unsettled Florida law.

The Company is defending putative class actions in various courts that raise challenges to the Company’s depreciation practices in homeowner property claims. In these lawsuits, plaintiffs generally allege that, when calculating actual cash value, the costs of “non-materials” such as labor, general contractor’s overhead and profit, and sales tax should not be subject to depreciation. The Company is currently defending the following lawsuits on this issue: Perry v. Allstate Indemnity Company, et al. (N.D. Ohio filed May 2016); Lado v. Allstate Vehicle and Property Insurance Company (S.D. Ohio filed March 2020); Maniaci v. Allstate Insurance Company (N.D. Ohio filed March 2020); Ferguson-Luke v. Allstate Property and Casualty Insurance Company (N.D. Ohio filed April 2020); Brasher v. Allstate Indemnity Company (N.D. Ala. filed February 2018); Huey v. Allstate Vehicle and Property Insurance Company (N.D. Miss. filed October 2019); Floyd v. Allstate Indemnity (D.S.C. filed January 2020); Clark v. Allstate Vehicle and Property Insurance Company (Circuit Court of Independence Co., Ark. filed February 2016). No classes have been certified in any of these matters.

Other proceedings The stockholder derivative actions described below are disclosed pursuant to SEC disclosure requirements for these types of matters. The putative class action alleging violations of the federal securities laws is disclosed because it involves similar allegations to those made in the stockholder derivative actions.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Biefeldt / IBEW Consolidated Action. Two separately filed stockholder derivative actions have been consolidated into a single proceeding that is pending in the Circuit Court for Cook County, Illinois, Chancery Division. The original complaint in the first-filed of those actions, Biefeldt v. Wilson, et al., was filed on August 3, 2017, in that court by a plaintiff alleging that she is a stockholder of the Company. On June 29, 2018, the court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss that complaint for failure to make a pre-suit demand on the Allstate Board before instituting the suit, but granted the plaintiff permission to file an amended complaint. The original complaint in IBEW Local No. 98 Pension Fund v. Wilson, et al., was filed on April 12, 2018, in the same court by another plaintiff alleging to be a stockholder of the Company. After the court issued its dismissal decision in the Biefeldt action, the plaintiffs agreed to consolidate the two actions and filed a consolidated amended complaint naming the Company’s chairman, president and chief executive officer, its former president, and certain present or former members of the board of directors. In that complaint, the plaintiffs allege that the directors and officer defendants breached their fiduciary duties to the Company in connection with allegedly material misstatements or omissions concerning the Company’s automobile insurance claim frequency statistics and the reasons for a claim frequency increase for Allstate brand auto insurance between October 2014 and August 3, 2015. The factual allegations are substantially similar to those at issue in In re The Allstate Corp. Securities Litigation. The plaintiffs further allege that a senior officer and several outside directors engaged in stock option exercises allegedly while in possession of material nonpublic information. The plaintiffs seek, on behalf of the Company, an unspecified amount of damages and various forms of equitable relief. Defendants moved to dismiss the consolidated complaint on September 24, 2018 for failure to make a demand on the Allstate Board. On May 14, 2019, the court granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint, but allowed the plaintiffs leave to file a second consolidated amended complaint by June 11, 2019. On June 3, 2019, the plaintiffs filed a motion to stay the action, or in the alternative defer the filing of the second consolidated amended complaint, to allow the plaintiffs to conduct an inspection of the Company’s books and records. The parties reached a compromise by which the Company produced certain board materials and the deadline for the plaintiffs to file the second consolidated amended complaint was extended. On September 17, 2019, the plaintiffs filed a second consolidated amended complaint. Defendants moved to dismiss the complaint on November 1, 2019 for failure to make a demand on the Allstate Board.

In Sundquist v. Wilson, et al., another plaintiff alleging to be a stockholder of the Company filed a stockholder derivative complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on May 21, 2018. The plaintiff seeks, on behalf of the Company, an unspecified amount of damages and various forms of equitable relief. The complaint names as defendants the Company’s chairman, president and chief executive officer, its former president, its former

chief financial officer, who is a vice chairman of the Company, and certain present or former members of the board of directors.

The complaint alleges breaches of fiduciary duty based on allegations similar to those asserted in In re The Allstate Corp. Securities Litigation as well as state law “misappropriation” claims based on stock option transactions by the Company’s chairman, president and chief executive officer, its former chief financial officer, who is a vice chairman of the Company, and certain members of the board of directors. Defendants moved to dismiss and/or stay the complaint on August 7, 2018. On December 4, 2018, the court granted the defendants’ motion and stayed the case pending the resolution of the consolidated Biefeldt/IBEW matter.

Mims v. Wilson, et al., is an additional stockholder derivative action filed on February 12, 2020 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. The plaintiff seeks, on behalf of the Company, an unspecified amount of damages and various forms of equitable relief. The complaint names as defendants the Company’s chairman, president and chief executive officer, its former president, its former chief financial officer, who is a vice chairman of the Company, and certain present or former members of the board of directors. The complaint alleges breaches of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment based on allegations similar to those asserted in In re The Allstate Corp. Securities Litigation.

In re The Allstate Corp. Securities Litigation is a certified class action filed on November 11, 2016 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois against the Company and two of its officers asserting claims under the federal securities laws. Plaintiffs allege that they purchased Allstate common stock during the class period and suffered damages as the result of the conduct alleged. Plaintiffs seek an unspecified amount of damages, costs, attorney’s fees, and other relief as the court deems appropriate. Plaintiffs allege that the Company and certain senior officers made allegedly material misstatements or omissions concerning claim frequency statistics and the reasons for a claim frequency increase for Allstate brand auto insurance between October 2014 and August 3, 2015.

Plaintiffs’ further allege that a senior officer engaged in stock option exercises during that time allegedly while in possession of material nonpublic information about Allstate brand auto insurance claim frequency. The Company, its chairman, president and chief executive officer, and its former president are the named defendants. After the court denied their motion to dismiss on February 27, 2018, defendants answered the complaint, denying plaintiffs’ allegations that there was any misstatement or omission or other misconduct. On June 22, 2018, plaintiffs filed their motion for class certification, which was fully briefed as of January 11, 2019. On September 12, 2018, the court allowed the lead plaintiffs to amend their complaint to add the City of Providence Employee Retirement System as a proposed class representative.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 39

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The amended complaint was filed the same day. On March 26, 2019, the court granted plaintiffs’ motion for class certification and certified a class consisting of all persons who purchased Allstate common stock between October 29, 2014 and August 3, 2015. On April 9, 2019, defendants filed with the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals a petition for permission to appeal

this ruling pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 (f) and the Court of Appeals granted that petition on April 25, 2019. The appeal was fully briefed as of July 31, 2019, and the Seven Circuit Court of Appeals heard oral argument on September 18, 2019.



Note 13	Benefit Plans



Components of net cost (benefit) for pension and other postretirement plans
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Pension benefits
Service cost	$	i 28		$	i 28
Interest cost	i 56			i 65
Expected return on plan assets	( i 104		)	( i 93		)
Amortization of prior service credit	( i 14		)	( i 14		)
Costs and expenses	( i 34		)	( i 14		)
Remeasurement of projected benefit obligation	( i 116		)	i 387
Remeasurement of plan assets	i 434			( i 391		)
Remeasurement (gains) losses	i 318			( i 4		)
Pension net cost (benefit)	$	i 284		$	( i 18	)

Postretirement benefits
Service cost	$	i 1		$	i 2
Interest cost	i 3			i 4
Amortization of prior service credit	( i 1		)	( i 1		)
Costs and expenses	i 3			i 5
Remeasurement of projected benefit obligation	i —			i 19
Remeasurement of plan assets	i —			i —
Remeasurement (gains) losses	i —			i 19
Postretirement net cost	$	i 3		$	i 24

Pension and postretirement benefits
Costs and expenses	$	( i 31	)	$	( i 9	)
Remeasurement (gains) losses	i 318			i 15
Total net cost	$	i 287		$	i 6

Differences between expected and actual returns on plan assets and changes in assumptions affect the Company’s pension and other postretirement obligations, plan assets and expenses.



Pension and postretirement benefits remeasurement gains and losses
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Remeasurement of projected benefit obligation (gains) losses - discount rate	$	( i 36	)	$	i 265
Remeasurement of projected benefit obligation (gains) losses - other assumptions	( i 80		)	i 141
Remeasurement of plan assets (gains) losses	i 434			( i 391		)
Remeasurement (gains) losses	$	i 318		$	i 15

/ /

The losses for the first quarter of 2020 primarily related to unfavorable asset performance compared to the expected return on plan assets, partially offset by changes in actuarial assumptions.

The weighted average discount rate used to measure the benefit obligation increased to i 3.37% at March 31, 2020 compared to i 3.31% at December 31, 2019 resulting in gains for the first quarter in 2020.

The gains for the first quarter of 2020 due to changes in actuarial assumptions that affect pension and other postretirement obligations primarily related to a decrease in interest crediting rates used to value liabilities.

For the first quarter of 2020, the actual return on plan assets was lower than expected return due to weak equity market performance, partially offset by

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

declines in interest rates which increased the fair value of the fixed income investments.



Note 14	Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Non-cash investing activities include $ i 21 million and $ i 128 million related to mergers and exchanges completed with equity securities, fixed income securities and limited partnerships, and modifications of other investments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Non-cash financing activities include $ i 51 million and $ i 46 million related to the issuance of Allstate common shares for vested equity awards for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Cash flows used in operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows include cash paid for operating leases related to amounts included in the measurement of lease

liabilities of $ i 39 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Non-cash operating activities include $ i 31 million related to ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Liabilities for collateral received in conjunction with the Company’s securities lending program and over-the-counter and cleared derivatives are reported in other liabilities and accrued expenses or other investments. i The accompanying cash flows are included in cash flows from operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows along with the activities resulting from management of the proceeds, as follows:



($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Net change in proceeds managed
Net change in fixed income securities	$	i —		$	i 60
Net change in short-term investments	i 538			( i 575		)
Operating cash flow provided (used)	$	i 538		$	( i 515	)

Net change in liabilities
Liabilities for collateral, beginning of period	$	( i 1,829	)	$	( i 1,458	)
Liabilities for collateral, end of period	( i 1,291		)	( i 1,973		)
Operating cash flow (used) provided	$	( i 538	)	$	i 515



Note 15	Other Comprehensive Income

Components of other comprehensive income (loss) on a pre-tax and after-tax basis

($ in millions)

Three months ended March 31,

2020

2019

Pre-tax

Tax

After-tax

Pre-tax

Tax

After-tax

Unrealized net holding gains and losses arising during the period, net of related offsets

( i 1,433

)

i 303

( i 1,130

)

i 1,287

( i 273

)

i 1,014

Less: reclassification adjustment of realized capital gains and losses

i 287

( i 60

)

i 227

i 51

( i 11

)

i 40

Unrealized net capital gains and losses

( i 1,720

)

i 363

( i 1,357

)

i 1,236

( i 262

)

i 974

Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments

( i 49

)

i 10

( i 39

)

i 6

( i 1

)

i 5

Unamortized pension and other postretirement prior service credit ⁽¹⁾

i 6

( i 2

)

i 4

( i 15

)

i 3

( i 12

)

Other comprehensive (loss) income

( i 1,763

)

i 371

( i 1,392

)

i 1,227

( i 260

)

i 967

/ /


⁽¹⁾	Represents prior service credits reclassified out of other comprehensive income and amortized into operating costs and expenses.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 41

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

The Allstate Corporation

Northbrook, Illinois 60062

Results of Review of Interim Financial Information

We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of financial position of The Allstate Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2020, the related condensed consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “condensed consolidated financial statements”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated statement of financial position of The Allstate Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 21, 2020, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements (which report expresses an unmodified opinion and includes an emphasis of a matter paragraph relating to the change in accounting principles of accounting for recognizing pension and other postretirement benefit plan costs and the change in the presentation and method of accounting for the recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities). In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2019 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated statement of financial position from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

These condensed consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our reviews in accordance with standards of the PCAOB. A review of the condensed consolidated financial statements consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Chicago, Illinois

May 5, 2020

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the Three Month Periods Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

Overview

The following discussion highlights significant factors influencing the consolidated financial position and results of operations of The Allstate Corporation (referred to in this document as “we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company” or “Allstate”). It should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto found under Part I. Item 1. contained herein, and with the discussion, analysis, consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in Part I. Item 1. and Part II. Item 7. and Item 8. of The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 2019, filed February 21, 2020.

Further analysis of our insurance segments is provided in the Property-Liability Operations and Segment Results sections, including Allstate Protection and Discontinued Lines and Coverages, Service Businesses, Allstate Life, Allstate Benefits, and Allstate Annuities, of Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”). The segments are consistent with the way in which the chief operating decision maker reviews financial performance and makes decisions about the allocation of resources.

The Novel Coronavirus Pandemic or COVID-19 (“Coronavirus”)

The Coronavirus has resulted in governments worldwide enacting emergency measures to combat the spread of the virus. These measures, which include the implementation of travel restrictions, government-imposed shelter-in-place orders, quarantine periods and social distancing, have caused material disruption to businesses globally resulting in increased unemployment, a potential recession and increased economic uncertainty. The Coronavirus has caused pervasive and on-going financial market and business disruptions. Global equity and fixed income markets have experienced historic levels of volatility.

Allstate has been proactive in protecting the health and safety of our employees and agents, while delivering on its commitment to protect our customers. We executed business continuity plans, maximized work from home and developed exposure escalation protocols.

Depending on its length and severity, the Coronavirus and the related containment actions may significantly affect our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, including sales of new policies and shared economy demand, retention, supply chain disruption and severity costs, life insurance mortality and hospital and outpatient claim costs, annuity reserves, lower investment valuations and returns and increases in credit allowance exposure. In addition, the actions may impact the Company’s operations.

The magnitude and duration of the global pandemic and the impact of actions taken by governmental authorities, businesses and consumers to mitigate health risks create significant uncertainty. We will continue to closely monitor and proactively

adapt to developments and changing conditions. Currently, it is not possible to reliably estimate the length and severity of the pandemic or its impact to our operations, but the effects could be material.

A pandemic such as the Coronavirus and its impacts were contemplated in the risk factors set forth under “Item 1A. Risks Factors’’ in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, including the risk factors titled “A large-scale pandemic, the occurrence of terrorism or military actions may have an adverse effect on our business” and “Conditions in the global economy and capital markets could adversely affect our business and results of operations”.

We have continued to support our customers during the Coronavirus pandemic as we:


•	Announced a Shelter-in-Place Payback of over $600 million to customers, as the significant decline in the number of auto accidents contributed favorably to our underwriting results; $210 million of this cost was accrued in first quarter 2020 and the remainder will be recognized in second quarter 2020


•	Announced the Allstate Special Payment plan to provide more flexible payment options, including the option to delay payments


•	Extended auto insurance coverage to customers using their personal vehicles to deliver food, medicine and other goods for commercial purposes; coverage for these activities is typically excluded


•	Offered free Allstate Identity Protection to U.S. residents through December 31, 2020, regardless of whether they are already Allstate customers


•	Increased the utilization of virtual tools such as QuickFoto Claim^® and Virtual Assist^® to allow for a simple, fast and safe claims handling process for customers and our employees

The following sections summarize the potential impacts of the Coronavirus on each of our segments, investments and capital resources and liquidity that may continue, emerge or accelerate into 2021.

Allstate Protection


•	Declines in auto new issued applications due to lower car sales and reductions in consumer shopping for insurance


•	Slower written premiums growth due to decreased consumer demand and fewer filings for rate increases


•	Lower miles and usage in shared economy products


•	Lower auto accident frequency from reduced miles driven


•	Increased auto claim severity due to more severe accidents or higher replacement parts inflation


•	Increased exposure to allowances for uncollectible receivables

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 43

Service Businesses


•	Potential declines in Allstate Protection Plans growth of premiums and PIF due to decreased consumer spending and decreases in retail sales resulting from increasing unemployment


•	Reduced demand for Allstate Dealer Services products due to lower new and used car sales


•	Decline in claims in Allstate Dealer Services and Allstate Roadside Services due to lower miles driven


•	Decreased Allstate Identity Protection revenue growth due to higher unemployment


•	Increased costs from Allstate Identity Protection providing free identity protection to consumers through the end of the year

Allstate Life


•	Higher death benefit costs


•	Decline in sales due to temporary underwriting restrictions placed on new business; agents will be able to offer coverage to customers outside the new guidelines through non-proprietary carriers


•	Accelerated amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) due to lower expected future profits

Allstate Benefits


•	Increased claim cost exposure for our hospital indemnity, accident, disability and life products, partially offset by lower sports related and auto accident injury claims and fewer elective surgeries reducing hospital product exposure


•	Decreased sales and increased policy lapses due to higher unemployment and decreased spend on voluntary products

Allstate Annuities


•	Lower performance-based investment income


•	Higher reserves associated with prolonged low rate environment

Investments


•	Adverse impact on the market values and valuations of fixed income securities, equity securities and performance-based investments


•	Fixed income securities in certain sectors such as energy, automotive, retail, travel, lodging and airlines were more severely impacted than others


•	State and local government budgets may be strained by the costs of responding to the Coronavirus and reduced tax revenues from lower economic activity which may have an adverse impact on valuations and returns of our municipal bond portfolio


•	Volatility in future investment results due to capital market conditions, including the pace of economic recovery and effectiveness of the fiscal and monetary policy responses


•	Higher expected credit losses on loan portfolios

We believe the Company has ample capital resources and liquidity to manage through the pandemic


•	Parent holding company deployable assets remains strong at $3.41 billion to meet our obligations


•	We have highly liquid securities that are generally saleable within one week totaling $8.81 billion


•	Through February 2021, the maximum amount of AIC dividends payable is $3.73 billion, of which $2.06 billion was paid through March 31, 2020

Within the MD&A we have included further disclosures related to the impacts of the Coronavirus on our first quarter 2020 results, including strategy and mitigation plans for exposures in our investment portfolio and details on our strong liquidity position within our capital resources and liquidity sections.

Operating Priorities

Our operating priorities remain unchanged amid the Coronavirus. To achieve its goals in 2020, Allstate is focused on the following priorities:

• Better serve customers

• Grow customer base

• Achieve target returns on capital

• Proactively manage investments

• Build long-term growth platforms

Transformative Growth Plan

We have initiated a multi-year Transformative Growth Plan to increase personal property-liability market share. We continue to execute this plan as we manage through the impacts from the Coronavirus. The plan has three components: expand customer access, enhance the customer value proposition and invest in marketing and technology. As part of this plan, Esurance will be integrated into the Allstate brand in the second half of 2020 as we are repositioning the Allstate brand for broader customer access.

Measuring segment profit or loss

Underwriting income is calculated as premiums earned and other revenue, less claims and claims expense (“losses”), Shelter-in-Place Payback expense, amortization of DAC, operating costs and expenses, amortization of purchased intangibles and restructuring and related charges, as determined using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). We use this measure in our evaluation of results of operations to analyze the profitability of the Property-Liability insurance operations separately from investment results. Underwriting income is reconciled to net income applicable to common shareholders in the Property-Liability Operations section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis.

Adjusted net income is net income applicable to common shareholders, excluding:

• Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses, after-tax

• Valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax

• Amortization of DAC and deferred sales inducement costs (“DSI”), to the extent they resulted from the recognition of certain realized capital gains and losses or valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax

• Business combination expenses and the amortization or impairment of purchased intangible assets, after-tax

• Gain (loss) on disposition of operations, after-tax

Adjusted net income is reconciled to net income applicable to common shareholders in the Service Businesses, Allstate Life, Allstate Benefits and Allstate Annuities Segment sections of MD&A.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 45

Highlights



Consolidated net income
($ in millions)

Consolidated net income applicable to common shareholders decreased 59.3% in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019 as higher underwriting income in Allstate Protection was more than offset by net realized capital losses in the first quarter of 2020 compared to gains in same period of 2019, pension and other postretirement remeasurement losses and lower net investment income.



Total revenue
($ in millions)

Total revenue decreased 8.3% in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, driven by net realized capital losses of $462 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to gains of $662 million in the same period of 2019 and lower net investment income, partially offset by a 4.9% increase in property and casualty insurance premiums earned. Insurance premiums earned increased in Allstate Protection (Allstate, Esurance and Encompass brands) and Service Businesses (Allstate Protection Plans and Allstate Dealer Services) segments.



Net investment income
($ in millions)

Net investment income decreased 35.0% in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to a $214 million decrease in income from performance-based investments.

Summarized financial results



	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Revenues
Property and casualty insurance premiums	$	9,235		$	8,802
Life premiums and contract charges	617			628
Other revenue	265			250
Net investment income	421			648
Realized capital gains (losses)	(462		)	662
Total revenues	10,076			10,990

Costs and expenses
Property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense	(5,341		)	(5,820		)
Shelter-in-Place Payback expense	(210		)	—
Life contract benefits and interest credited to contractholder funds	(633		)	(659		)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(1,401		)	(1,364		)
Operating, restructuring and interest expenses	(1,485		)	(1,481		)
Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains (losses)	(318		)	(15		)
Amortization of purchased intangibles	(28		)	(32		)
Total costs and expenses	(9,416		)	(9,371		)

Gain on disposition of operations	1			1
Income tax expense	(112		)	(328		)
Net income	549			1,292

Preferred stock dividends	(36		)	(31		)
Net income applicable to common shareholders	$	513		$	1,261

Segment highlights

Allstate Protection underwriting income was $1.35 billion in the first quarter of 2020, a 91.7% increase from $703 million in the first quarter of 2019. The increase was primarily due to lower catastrophe losses, increased premiums earned and a decline in auto non-catastrophe losses, partially offset by Shelter-in-Place Payback expense.

Catastrophe losses were $211 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $680 million in the first quarter of 2019.

Premiums written increased 3.2% to $8.59 billion in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019.

Service Businesses adjusted net income was $37 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $11 million in the first quarter of 2019. The improvement was primarily due to growth of Allstate Protection Plans and improved loss experience and expenses at Allstate Roadside Services, partially offset by higher operating expenses related to investing in growth and developing new products and distribution channels for Allstate Protection Plans and Allstate Identity Protection.

Total revenues increased 9.7% to $430 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019 due to growth at Allstate Protection Plans, Allstate Dealer Services, Arity and Allstate Identity Protection.

Allstate Life adjusted net income was $80 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $73 million in the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower operating costs and expenses, partially offset by higher amortization of DAC.

Premiums and contract charges decreased 1.2% to $333 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019.

Allstate Benefits adjusted net income was $24 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $31 million in the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to higher operating costs and expenses driven by increased investments in technology and higher amortization of DAC.

Premiums and contract charges decreased 2.1% to $282 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019.

Allstate Annuities adjusted net loss was $139 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to a loss of $25 million in the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower net investment income.

Net investment income decreased 75.3% to $47 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019, primarily due to lower performance-based investment results and lower average investment balances.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 47

Financial highlights

Investments totaled $84.84 billion as of March 31, 2020, decreasing from $88.36 billion as of December 31, 2019.

Shareholders’ equity As of March 31, 2020, shareholders’ equity was $24.17 billion. This total included $3.41 billion in deployable assets at the parent holding company level comprising cash and investments that are generally saleable within one quarter.

Book value per diluted common share (ratio of common shareholders’ equity to total common shares outstanding and dilutive potential common shares outstanding) was $69.67, an increase of 9.6% from $63.59 as of March 31, 2019, and a decrease of 4.7% from $73.12 as of December 31, 2019.

Return on average common shareholders’ equity For the twelve months ended March 31, 2020, net income applicable to common shareholders’ return on average common shareholders’ equity was 18.0%, an increase of 7.2 points from 10.8% for the twelve months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to higher net income applicable to common shareholders for the trailing twelve-month period ended March 31, 2020, partially offset by an increase in average common shareholders’ equity.

Pension and other postretirement measurement gains and losses In the first quarter of 2020, we recorded pension and other postretirement measurement losses of $318 million compared to losses of $15 million in the same period of 2019. The losses for the first quarter of 2020 primarily related to unfavorable asset performance compared to the expected return on plan assets, partially offset by changes in actuarial assumptions. See Note 13 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

Adopted accounting standard

Effective January 1, 2020, we adopted the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments accounting standard that primarily affected mortgage loans, bank loans and reinsurance recoverables. Subsequent to the adoption, we measure credit losses on financial instruments, including losses related to mortgage loans, bank loans and reinsurance recoverables, using the expected credit loss model. This model requires us to recognize an estimate of expected credit losses for affected financial assets in a valuation allowance that when deducted from the amortized cost basis of the related financial assets results in a net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected.

See Note 1 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional details on the adopted accounting standard.

Property-Liability Operations

Overview Property-Liability operations consist of two reportable segments: Allstate Protection and Discontinued Lines and Coverages. These segments are consistent with the groupings of financial information that management uses to evaluate performance and to determine the allocation of resources.

See the Coronavirus discussion in the Highlights section of the MD&A.

We do not allocate Property-Liability investment income, realized capital gains and losses, or assets to the Allstate Protection and Discontinued Lines and Coverages segments. Management reviews assets at the Property-Liability level for decision-making purposes.

The table below includes GAAP operating ratios we use to measure our profitability. We believe that they enhance an investor’s understanding of our profitability. They are calculated as follows:


•	Loss ratio: the ratio of claims and claims expense to premiums earned. Loss ratios include the impact of catastrophe losses.


•	Expense ratio: the ratio of amortization of DAC, operating costs and expenses, amortization of purchased intangibles, restructuring and related charges and Shelter-in-Place Payback expense, less other revenue to premiums earned.


•	Combined ratio: the sum of the loss ratio and the expense ratio. The difference between 100% and the combined ratio represents underwriting income as a percentage of premiums earned, or underwriting margin.

We have also calculated the following impacts of specific items on the GAAP operating ratios because of the volatility of these items between fiscal periods.


•	Effect of catastrophe losses on combined ratio: the ratio of catastrophe losses included in claims and claims expense to premiums earned. This ratio includes prior year reserve reestimates of catastrophe losses.


•	Effect of prior year reserve reestimates on combined ratio: the ratio of prior year reserve reestimates included in claims and claims expense to premiums earned. This ratio includes prior year reserve reestimates of catastrophe losses.


•	Effect of amortization of purchased intangibles on combined ratio: the ratio of amortization of purchased intangibles to premiums earned.


•	Effect of restructuring and related charges on combined ratio: the ratio of restructuring and related charges to premiums earned.


•	Effect of Discontinued Lines and Coverages on combined ratio: the ratio of claims and claims expense and operating costs and expenses in the Discontinued Lines and Coverages segment to Property-Liability premiums earned. The sum of the effect of Discontinued Lines and Coverages on the combined ratio and the Allstate Protection combined ratio is equal to the Property-Liability combined ratio.


•	Effect of Shelter-in-Place Payback expense on combined ratio: the ratio of Shelter-in-Place Payback expense to premiums earned.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 49

Property-Liability Operations



Summarized financial data
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions, except ratios)	2020			2019
Premiums written	$	8,592		$	8,327

Revenues
Premiums earned	$	8,881		$	8,507
Other revenue	181			176
Net investment income	202			291
Realized capital gains (losses)	(103		)	497
Total revenues	9,161			9,471

Costs and expenses
Claims and claims expense	(5,251		)	(5,730		)
Shelter-in-Place Payback expense ⁽¹⁾	(210		)	—
Amortization of DAC	(1,167		)	(1,164		)
Operating costs and expenses	(1,085		)	(1,071		)
Restructuring and related charges	(4		)	(18		)
Total costs and expenses	(7,717		)	(7,983		)

Income tax expense	(282		)	(306		)
Net income applicable to common shareholders	$	1,162		$	1,182

Underwriting income	$	1,345		$	700
Net investment income	202			291
Income tax expense on operations	(303		)	(202		)
Realized capital gains (losses), after-tax	(82		)	393
Net income applicable to common shareholders	$	1,162		$	1,182

Catastrophe losses
Catastrophe losses, excluding reserve reestimates	$	231		$	627
Catastrophe reserve reestimates ^{(2) (3)}	(20		)	53
Total catastrophe losses	$	211		$	680

Non-catastrophe reserve reestimates ⁽²⁾	28			(41		)
Prior year reserve reestimates ⁽²⁾	8			12

GAAP operating ratios
Loss ratio	59.1			67.4
Expense ratio ⁽⁴⁾	25.8			24.4
Combined ratio	84.9			91.8
Effect of catastrophe losses on combined ratio	2.4			8.0
Effect of prior year reserve reestimates on combined ratio ⁽³⁾	0.1			0.2
Effect of catastrophe losses included in prior year reserve reestimates on combined ratio	(0.2		)	0.6
Effect of restructuring and related charges on combined ratio	—			0.2
Effect of Discontinued Lines and Coverages on combined ratio	0.1			0.1
Effect of Shelter-in-Place Payback expense on combined and expense ratios	2.4			—


⁽¹⁾	Due to the significant declines in the number of auto accidents caused by mandated sequestration policies, Allstate, Esurance and Encompass auto insurance customers will receive a Shelter-in-Place Payback of over $600 million with $210 million recognized in the first quarter of 2020 and the remainder to be recognized in the second quarter of 2020.


⁽²⁾	Favorable reserve reestimates are shown in parentheses.


⁽³⁾	2019 includes $15 million of reinstatement reinsurance premiums incurred during the period related to the 2018 Camp Fire.


⁽⁴⁾	Other revenue is deducted from operating costs and expenses in the expense ratio calculation.

Property-Liability Operations

Net investment income decreased 30.6% or $89 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019, due to lower performance-based investment income, mainly from limited partnerships, including estimated declines recognized on four private equity investments totaling $51 million.



Net investment income
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Fixed income securities	$	267		$	259
Equity securities	6			23
Mortgage loans	6			4
Limited partnership interests	(77		)	6
Short-term investments	9			15
Other	25			26
Investment income, before expense	236			333
Investment expense ^{(1) (2)}	(34		)	(42		)
Net investment income	$	202		$	291


⁽¹⁾	Investment expense includes $8 million and $13 million of investee level expenses in the first quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively. Investee level expenses include asset level operating expenses on directly held real estate and other consolidated investments. Beginning January 1, 2020, depreciation previously included in investee level expenses is reported as realized capital gains or losses.


⁽²⁾	Investment expense includes $4 million and $7 million related to the portion of reinvestment income on securities lending collateral paid to the counterparties in the first quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Realized capital gains and losses Net realized capital losses in the first quarter related primarily to decreases in the valuation of equity securities, partially offset by gains on sales of fixed income securities. Valuation of equity investments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 includes $431 million of declines in the valuation of equity securities and $81 million of declines in value primarily related to certain limited partnerships where the underlying assets are predominately public equity securities.



Realized capital gains (losses)
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Sales ⁽¹⁾	$	366		$	101
Credit losses ⁽²⁾	(35		)	(7		)
Valuation of equity investments	(512		)	453
Valuation and settlements of derivative instruments	78			(50		)
Realized capital gains (losses), pre-tax	(103		)	497
Income tax benefit (expense)	21			(104		)
Realized capital gains (losses), after-tax	$	(82	)	$	393


⁽¹⁾	Beginning January 1, 2020, depreciation previously included in investee level expenses is reported as realized capital gains or losses.


⁽²⁾	Due to the adoption of the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments accounting standard, realized capital losses previously reported as OTTI impairment write-downs are now presented as credit losses.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 51

Segment Results Allstate Protection

Allstate Protection Segment

See the Coronavirus discussion in the Highlights section of the MD&A.



Underwriting results
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Premiums written	$	8,592		$	8,327
Premiums earned	$	8,881		$	8,507
Other revenue	181			176
Claims and claims expense	(5,249		)	(5,728		)
Shelter-in-Place Payback expense	(210		)	—
Amortization of DAC	(1,167		)	(1,164		)
Other costs and expenses	(1,084		)	(1,070		)
Restructuring and related charges	(4		)	(18		)
Underwriting income	$	1,348		$	703
Catastrophe losses	$	211		$	680

Underwriting income (loss) by line of business
Auto	$	656		$	510
Homeowners	581			142
Other personal lines ⁽¹⁾	91			33
Commercial lines	5			7
Other business lines ⁽²⁾	14			11
Answer Financial	1			—
Underwriting income	$	1,348		$	703


⁽¹⁾	Other personal lines include renters, condominium, landlord and other personal lines products.


⁽²⁾	Other business lines primarily represent Ivantage, a general agency for Allstate exclusive agencies. Ivantage provides agencies a solution for their customers when coverage through Allstate brand underwritten products is not available.



Changes in underwriting results from prior year by component and by line of business⁽¹⁾
	Three months ended March 31,
	Auto						Homeowners						Other personal lines						Commercial lines						Allstate Protection ⁽²⁾
($ in millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019			2020			2019			2020			2019			2020			2019
Underwriting income (loss) - prior period	$	510		$	617		$	142		$	341		$	33		$	50		$	7		$	(6	)	$	703		$	1,008
Changes in underwriting income (loss) from:
Increase (decrease) premiums earned	224			339			103			87			12			15			35			47			374			488
Increase (decrease) other revenue	4			3			—			—			1			—			—			(1		)	5			2
(Increase) decrease incurred claims and claims expense (“losses”):
Incurred losses, excluding catastrophe losses and reserve reestimates	130			(268		)	(16		)	(49		)	(4		)	8			(31		)	(50		)	79			(359		)
Catastrophe losses, excluding reserve reestimates	53			(46		)	302			(200		)	40			(26		)	1			2			396			(270		)
Catastrophe reserve reestimates	8			(26		)	54			(12		)	13			(11		)	(2		)	—			73			(49		)
Non-catastrophe reserve reestimates	(75		)	(20		)	6			(9		)	—			(2		)	—			16			(69		)	(15		)
Losses subtotal	116			(360		)	346			(270		)	49			(31		)	(32		)	(32		)	479			(693		)
Shelter-in-Place Payback expense	(210		)	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(210		)	—
(Increase) decrease expenses	12			(89		)	(10		)	(16		)	(4		)	(1		)	(5		)	(1		)	(3		)	(102		)
Underwriting income	$	656		$	510		$	581		$	142		$	91		$	33		$	5		$	7		$	1,348		$	703


⁽¹⁾	The 2020 column presents changes relative to 2019. The 2019 column presents changes relative to 2018.


⁽²⁾	Includes other business lines underwriting income of $14 million and $11 million in the first quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively. Includes Answer Financial underwriting income of $1 million and zero in the first quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Allstate Protection Segment Results

Underwriting income increased 91.7% or $645 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower catastrophe losses, increased premiums earned and a decline in auto non-catastrophe losses, partially offset by Shelter-in-Place Payback expense.

Premiums written is the amount of premiums charged for policies issued during a fiscal period. Premiums are considered earned and are included in the financial results on a pro-rata basis over the policy period. The portion of premiums written applicable to the unexpired term of the policies is recorded as unearned premiums on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.



Premiums written and earned by line of business
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
Premiums written	2020			2019
Auto	$	6,209		$	6,047
Homeowners	1,732			1,676
Other personal lines	430			419
Subtotal – Personal lines	8,371			8,142
Commercial lines	221			185
Total premiums written	$	8,592		$	8,327
Reconciliation of premiums written to premiums earned:
Decrease in unearned premiums	370			179
Other	(81		)	1
Total premiums earned	$	8,881		$	8,507

Auto	$	6,154		$	5,930
Homeowners	2,038			1,935
Other personal lines	471			459
Subtotal – Personal lines	8,663			8,324
Commercial lines	218			183
Total premiums earned	$	8,881		$	8,507



Combined ratios by line of business
	Loss ratio		Expense ratio⁽¹⁾		Combined ratio
	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019
Three months ended March 31,
Auto ⁽²⁾	62.2	66.5	27.1	24.9	89.3	91.4
Homeowners	48.8	69.3	22.7	23.4	71.5	92.7
Other personal lines	54.4	66.4	26.3	26.4	80.7	92.8
Commercial lines	78.4	76.0	19.3	20.2	97.7	96.2
Total ⁽³⁾	59.1	67.3	25.7	24.4	84.8	91.7


⁽¹⁾	Other revenue is deducted from operating costs and expenses in the expense ratio calculation.


⁽²⁾	Excluding the impact of the Shelter-in-Place Payback expense, the first quarter of 2020 auto expense and combined ratios were 23.7 points and 85.9 points, reflecting decreases of 1.2 points and 5.5 points compared to the first quarter of 2019, respectively.


⁽³⁾	Excluding the impact of the Shelter-in-Place Payback expense, the first quarter of 2020 total expense and combined ratios were 23.3 points and 82.4 points, reflecting decreases of 1.1 points and 9.3 points compared to the first quarter of 2019, respectively.



Loss ratios by line of business
	Loss ratio		Effect of catastrophe losses		Effect of prior year reserve reestimates				Effect of catastrophe losses included in prior year reserve reestimates
	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020		2019		2020		2019
Three months ended March 31,
Auto	62.2	66.5	0.2	1.3	0.2		(0.9	)	(0.1	)	—
Homeowners	48.8	69.3	9.0	27.9	(0.4	)	2.8		(0.4	)	2.4
Other personal lines	54.4	66.4	2.8	14.4	(1.3	)	1.5		(0.9	)	2.0
Commercial lines	78.4	76.0	0.9	0.5	2.8		2.2		0.5		(0.6	)
Total	59.1	67.3	2.4	8.0	0.1		0.1		(0.2	)	0.6

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 53

Segment Results Allstate Protection

Catastrophe losses decreased 69.0% or $469 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019. We define a “catastrophe” as an event that produces pre-tax losses before reinsurance in excess of $1 million and involves multiple first party policyholders, or a winter weather event that produces a number of claims in excess of a preset, per-event threshold of average claims in a specific area, occurring within a certain amount of time following the event. Catastrophes are caused by various natural events including high winds, winter storms and freezes, tornadoes, hailstorms, wildfires, tropical storms, tsunamis, hurricanes, earthquakes and volcanoes. We are also exposed to man-made catastrophic events, such as certain types of terrorism or industrial accidents. The nature and level of catastrophes in any period cannot be reliably predicted.

Loss estimates are generally based on claim adjuster inspections and the application of historical loss development factors. Our loss estimates are calculated in accordance with the coverage provided by our policies. Auto policyholders generally have coverage for physical damage due to flood if they have purchased optional auto comprehensive coverage. Our homeowners policies specifically exclude coverage for losses caused by flood.

Over time, we have limited our aggregate insurance exposure to catastrophe losses in certain regions of the country that are subject to high levels of natural catastrophes, limited by our participation in various state facilities.

California wildfire subrogation PG&E Corporation and Pacific Gas and Electric Company (together, "PG&E") have reached agreements to resolve insurance subrogation and tort claimants’ claims arising from the 2017 Northern California wildfires and the 2018 Camp Fire for $11 billion and $13.5 billion, respectively. Allstate is one of the insurance companies that is party to the agreement with subrogating insurers. PG&E has also reached agreement to settle claims of its bondholders.

The settlements have been approved by the bankruptcy court overseeing PG&E's Chapter 11 case. All will be subject to confirmation of a Plan of Reorganization, which has not yet occurred. There remain other uncertainties with respect to the ultimate resolution of all claims, including the allocation of benefits among claimants and the amount of recovery, if any, that we may receive. Accordingly, we have not recorded any benefit related to the potential proceeds from the subrogation settlement agreement in the condensed consolidated financial statements. We will continue to monitor this matter.



Catastrophe losses by the size of event
	Three months ended March 31, 2020
($ in millions)	Number of events			Claims and claims expense					Combined ratio impact		Average catastrophe loss per event
Size of catastrophe loss
Greater than $250 million	—	—	%	$	—		—	%	—		$	—
$101 million to $250 million	—	—		—			—		—		—
$50 million to $100 million	2	16.7		107			50.7		1.2		54
Less than $50 million	10	83.3		124			58.8		1.4		12
Total	12	100.0	%	231			109.5		2.6		19
Prior year reserve reestimates				(20		)	(9.5	)	(0.2	)
Total catastrophe losses				$	211		100.0	%	2.4



Catastrophe losses by the type of event
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	Number of events	2020			Number of events	2019
Hurricanes/Tropical storms	—	$	—		—	$	—
Tornadoes	2	42			1	19
Wind/Hail	8	180			15	484
Wildfires	1	2			—	—
Other events	1	7			6	124
Prior year reserve reestimates		(20		)		53
Total catastrophe losses	12	$	211		22	$	680

Allstate Protection Segment Results

Catastrophe reinsurance Our current catastrophe reinsurance program supports our risk tolerance framework that targets less than a 1% likelihood of annual aggregate catastrophe losses from hurricanes and earthquakes, net of reinsurance, exceeding $2 billion. We have substantially completed the placement of our 2020 catastrophe reinsurance program, except for the Florida property component of the program which is expected to be placed in the second quarter of 2020.

Similar to our 2019 program, our 2020 program includes coverage for losses to personal lines property, personal lines automobile, commercial lines property or commercial lines automobile arising out of multiple perils, in addition to hurricanes and earthquakes.

The June 1, 2020 Nationwide Excess Catastrophe Reinsurance Program (the “Nationwide Program”) provides coverage up to $4.98 billion of loss less a $500 million retention, and is subject to the percentage of reinsurance placed in each of its agreements. Property business in the state of Florida and existing New Jersey contracts are excluded from this program. Separate reinsurance agreements address the distinct needs of our separately capitalized legal entities. The Nationwide Program includes reinsurance agreements with both the traditional and insurance linked securities (“ILS”) markets as described below:

The traditional market placement provides limits totaling $3.00 billion for losses arising out of multiple perils and is comprised of $2.25 billion of limits with one annual reinstatement of limits; two contracts combining $462 million of limits with one reinstatement of limits over a seven-year term; and two single-year term contracts combining $284 million of limits with no reinstatements.

ILS placements provide $1.53 billion of limits, with no reinstatement of the limits, and are comprised of a

$375 million placement reinsuring losses in all states except Florida caused by named storms, earthquakes and fire following earthquakes, severe thunderstorms, winter storms, volcanic eruptions, and meteorite impacts and $150 million, $100 million, $500 million and $400 million placements reinsuring losses in all states except Florida caused by named storms, earthquakes and fire following earthquakes, severe weather, wildfires, and other naturally occurring or man-made events determined to be a catastrophe by the Company. The $100 million, $500 million and $400 million placements also provide that for each annual period beginning April 1, Allstate declared catastrophes to personal lines property and automobile business can be aggregated to erode the aggregate retention and qualify for coverage under the aggregate limit. Recoveries are limited to our ultimate net loss from the reinsured event.

The New Jersey agreement comprises two contracts that reinsure personal lines property and automobile catastrophe losses caused by multiple perils in New Jersey and provides 63% of $400 million of limits in excess of provisional retentions of $150 million. Each contract includes one annual reinstatement of limits. The New Jersey contracts inure to portions of the Nationwide Program.

The Kentucky earthquake agreement comprises a three-year term contract that reinsures personal lines property losses caused by earthquakes and fire following earthquakes in Kentucky and provides $28 million of limits, 95% placed, in excess of a $2 million retention.

The total cost of our property catastrophe reinsurance programs during the first quarter of 2020 and 2019 were $99 million and $88 million, respectively. The total cost of our catastrophe reinsurance programs during 2019 was $386 million or an average quarterly cost of $97 million.

Expense ratio increased 1.3 points in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019 due to the 2.4 point impact of the Shelter-in-Place Payback expense. Excluding the impact of the Shelter-in-Place Payback expense, the expense ratio decreased 1.1 points.



Impact of specific costs and expenses on the expense ratio
	Three months ended March 31,
	2020	2019
Amortization of DAC	13.1	13.7
Advertising expense	2.3	2.2
Other costs and expenses	7.9	8.3
Restructuring and related charges	—	0.2
Subtotal	23.3	24.4
Shelter-in-Place Payback expense	2.4	—
Total expense ratio	25.7	24.4

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 55

Segment Results Allstate Protection

Reserve reestimates were unfavorable in the first quarter of 2020 and primarily related to strengthening in our personal and commercial lines auto reserves, partially offset by favorable catastrophe reserve reestimates in our auto, homeowners and other personal lines.



Total reserves, net of reinsurance (estimated cost of outstanding claims) as of January 1, by line of business
($ in millions)	2020		2019
Auto	$	14,728	$	14,378
Homeowners	2,138		2,157
Other personal lines	1,458		1,489
Commercial lines	1,072		801
Total Allstate Protection	$	19,396	$	18,825



Reserve reestimates
	Three months ended March 31,
	Reserve reestimate ⁽¹⁾						Effect on combined ratio⁽²⁾
($ in millions, except ratios)	2020			2019			2020		2019
Auto	$	13		$	(54	)	0.2		(0.6	)
Homeowners	(7		)	53			(0.1	)	0.6
Other personal lines	(6		)	7			(0.1	)	0.1
Commercial lines	6			4			0.1		—
Total Allstate Protection	$	6		$	10		0.1		0.1

Allstate brand	$	7		$	2		0.1		—
Esurance brand	1			3			—		—
Encompass brand	(2		)	5			—		0.1
Total Allstate Protection	$	6		$	10		0.1		0.1


⁽¹⁾	Favorable reserve reestimates are shown in parentheses.


⁽²⁾	Ratios are calculated using Allstate Protection premiums earned.

Allstate Protection Segment Results

The following table presents premiums written, policies in force (“PIF”) and underwriting income (loss) by line of business for Allstate brand, Esurance brand, Encompass brand and Allstate Protection as of or for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Detailed analysis of underwriting results, premiums written and earned, and the combined ratios, including loss and expense ratios, are discussed in the brand sections.



Premiums written, policies in force and underwriting income (loss)
($ in millions)	Allstate brand				Esurance brand				Encompass brand					Allstate Protection
Premiums written	Amount		Percent to total brand		Amount		Percent to total brand		Amount			Percent to total brand		Amount		Percent to total
Auto	$	5,574	71.2	%	$	517	94.7	%	$	118		53.1	%	$	6,209	72.3	%
Homeowners	1,618		20.7		27		4.9		87			39.2		1,732		20.1
Other personal lines	411		5.3		2		0.4		17			7.7		430		5.0
Commercial lines	221		2.8		—		—		—			—		221		2.6
Total	$	7,824	100.0	%	$	546	100.0	%	$	222		100.0	%	$	8,592	100.0	%

Percent to total Allstate Protection			91.1	%			6.3	%				2.6	%			100.0	%

PIF (thousands)
Auto	20,323		65.3	%	1,503		90.8	%	485			61.4	%	22,311		66.4	%
Homeowners	6,254		20.1		106		6.4		230			29.1		6,590		19.6
Other personal lines	4,339		13.9		46		2.8		75			9.5		4,460		13.3
Commercial lines	224		0.7		—		—		—			—		224		0.7
Total	31,140		100.0	%	1,655		100.0	%	790			100.0	%	33,585		100.0	%

Percent to total Allstate Protection			92.7	%			4.9	%				2.4	%			100.0	%

Underwriting income (loss)
Auto	$	652	49.6	%	$	6	31.6	%	$	(2	)	(14.3	)%	$	656	48.7	%
Homeowners	555		42.2		12		63.1		14			100.0		581		43.1
Other personal lines	88		6.7		1		5.3		2			14.3		91		6.7
Commercial lines	5		0.4		—		—		—			—		5		0.4
Other business lines	14		1.1		—		—		—			—		14		1.0
Answer Financial	—		—		—		—		—			—		1		0.1
Total	$	1,314	100.0	%	$	19	100.0	%	$	14		100.0	%	$	1,348	100.0	%

When analyzing premium measures and statistics for all three brands the following calculations are used as described below.


•	PIF: Policy counts are based on items rather than customers. A multi-car customer would generate multiple item (policy) counts, even if all cars were insured under one policy while Commercial lines PIF counts for shared economy agreements typically reflect contracts that cover multiple rather than individual drivers.


•	New issued applications: Item counts of automobile or homeowner insurance applications for insurance policies that were issued during the period, regardless of whether the customer was previously insured by another Allstate Protection brand. Allstate brand includes automobiles added by existing customers when they exceed the number allowed (currently 10) on a policy.

•

Average premium-gross written (“average premium”): Gross premiums written divided by issued item count. Gross premiums written include the impacts from discounts, surcharges and ceded reinsurance premiums and exclude the impacts from mid-term premium adjustments and premium refund accruals. Average premiums represent the appropriate policy term for each line. Allstate and Esurance brand policy terms are 6 months for auto and 12 months for homeowners.

Encompass brand policy terms are generally 12 months for auto and homeowners.


•	Renewal ratio: Renewal policy item counts issued during the period, based on contract effective dates, divided by the total policy item counts issued 6 months prior for auto (generally 12 months prior for Encompass brand) or 12 months prior for homeowners.

•

Approved rate changes: Based on historical premiums written in locations where the brands operate, not including rate plan enhancements (such as the introduction of discounts and surcharges that result in no change in the overall rate level) and initial rates filed for insurance subsidiaries initially writing business in a location. Includes rate changes approved based on our net cost of reinsurance. The rate change percentages are calculated using approved rate changes during the period as a percentage of:


–	Total brand premiums written


–	Premiums written in respective locations with rate changes

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 57

Segment Results Allstate Protection: Allstate brand



Underwriting results
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Premiums written	$	7,824		$	7,544
Premiums earned	$	8,106		$	7,752
Other revenue	139			135
Claims and claims expense	(4,719		)	(5,170		)
Shelter-in-Place Payback expense	(188		)	—
Amortization of DAC	(1,107		)	(1,105		)
Other costs and expenses	(914		)	(894		)
Restructuring and related charges	(3		)	(16		)
Underwriting income	$	1,314		$	702
Catastrophe losses	$	196		$	644

Underwriting income (loss) by line of business
Auto	$	652		$	512
Homeowners	555			142
Other personal lines ⁽¹⁾	88			30
Commercial lines	5			7
Other business lines ⁽²⁾	14			11
Underwriting income	$	1,314		$	702


⁽¹⁾	Other personal lines include renters, condominium, landlord and other personal lines products.


⁽²⁾	Other business lines primarily represent Ivantage.



Changes in underwriting results from prior year by component⁽¹⁾
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Underwriting income (loss) - prior period	$	702		$	1,001
Changes in underwriting income (loss) from:
Increase (decrease) premiums earned	354			423
Increase (decrease) other revenue	4			(1		)
(Increase) decrease incurred claims and claims expense (“losses”):
Incurred losses, excluding catastrophe losses and reserve reestimates	75			(298		)
Catastrophe losses, excluding reserve reestimates	381			(262		)
Catastrophe reserve reestimates	67			(53		)
Non-catastrophe reserve reestimates	(72		)	(9		)
Losses subtotal	451			(622		)
Shelter-in-Place Payback expense	(188		)	—
(Increase) decrease expenses	(9		)	(99		)
Underwriting income	$	1,314		$	702


⁽¹⁾	The 2020 column presents changes in 2020 compared to 2019. The 2019 column presents changes in 2019 compared to 2018.

Underwriting income increased 87.2% or $612 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower catastrophe losses, increased premiums earned and a decline in auto non-catastrophe losses, partially offset by Shelter-in-Place Payback expense.

Allstate Protection: Allstate brand Segment Results



Premiums written and earned by line of business
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
Premiums written	2020		2019
Auto	$	5,574	$	5,395
Homeowners ⁽¹⁾	1,618		1,565
Other personal lines	411		399
Subtotal – Personal lines	7,603		7,359
Commercial lines	221		185
Total	$	7,824	$	7,544
Premiums earned
Auto	$	5,532	$	5,321
Homeowners	1,907		1,811
Other personal lines	449		437
Subtotal – Personal lines	7,888		7,569
Commercial lines	218		183
Total	$	8,106	$	7,752


⁽¹⁾	The cost of our catastrophe reinsurance program increased $12 million to $75 million in the first quarter of 2020 from $63 million in the first quarter of 2019. Catastrophe placement premiums are recorded primarily in the Allstate brand and are a reduction of premium. For a more detailed discussion on reinsurance, see Note 9 of the condensed consolidated financial statements.



Auto premium measures and statistics
	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019		Change
PIF (thousands)	20,323		20,145		0.9		%
New issued applications (thousands)	751		740		1.5		%
Average premium	$	598	$	578	3.5		%
Renewal ratio (%)	88.0		88.8		(0.8		)
Approved rate changes:
Impact of rate changes ($ in millions)	$	102	$	120	$	(18	)
Number of locations⁽¹⁾	16		19		(3		)
Total brand (%)	0.5		0.6		(0.1		)
Location specific (%)	6.5		3.4		3.1


⁽¹⁾	Allstate brand operates in 50 states, the District of Columbia and 5 Canadian provinces.

Auto insurance premiums written increased 3.3% or $179 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to an increase in average premium and policy growth. In March 2020, we noted that the growth in premiums written slowed

significantly due to a decline in new issued applications in 70% of our states. PIF increased 0.9% or 178 thousand policies compared to prior year with increases in 29 states, including 4 of our largest 10 states.



Homeowners premium measures and statistics
	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019		Change
PIF (thousands)	6,254		6,198		0.9		%
New issued applications (thousands)	199		197		1.0		%
Average premium	$	1,314	$	1,267	3.7		%
Renewal ratio (%)	87.6		88.4		(0.8		)
Approved rate changes:
Impact of rate changes ($ in millions)	$	99	$	155	$	(56	)
Number of locations ⁽¹⁾	15		20		(5		)
Total brand (%)	1.3		2.1		(0.8		)
Location specific (%)	4.1		5.5		(1.4		)


⁽¹⁾	Allstate brand operates in 50 states, the District of Columbia and 5 Canadian provinces.

Homeowners insurance premiums written increased 3.4% or $53 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to higher average premiums, including rate

changes and inflation in insured home valuations, and policy growth. Homeowners PIF increased in 29 states, including 6 of our largest 10 states, as of March 31, 2020 compared to March 31, 2019.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 59

Segment Results Allstate Protection: Allstate brand

Other personal lines premiums written increased 3.0% or $12 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase in personal umbrella insurance premiums.

Commercial lines premiums written increased 19.5% or $36 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019. The increase

was primarily due to expansion in our shared economy business, including growth in our current agreements and addition of new customers. Growth in premiums written is not reflected in growth in policies in force as the shared economy agreements typically reflect contracts that cover multiple drivers as opposed to individual drivers.



Combined ratios by line of business
	Loss ratio		Expense ratio⁽¹⁾		Combined ratio
	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019
Three months ended March 31,
Auto ⁽²⁾	61.1	65.5	27.1	24.9	88.2	90.4
Homeowners	48.6	69.3	22.3	22.9	70.9	92.2
Other personal lines	54.1	66.8	26.3	26.3	80.4	93.1
Commercial lines	78.4	76.0	19.3	20.2	97.7	96.2
Total ⁽³⁾	58.2	66.7	25.6	24.2	83.8	90.9


⁽¹⁾	Other revenue is deducted from operating costs and expenses in the expense ratio calculation.


⁽²⁾	Excluding the impact of the Shelter-in-Place Payback expense, the first quarter of 2020 auto expense and combined ratios were 23.7 points and 84.8 points, reflecting decreases of 1.2 points and 5.6 points compared to the first quarter of 2019, respectively.


⁽³⁾	Excluding the impact of the Shelter-in-Place Payback expense, the first quarter of 2020 total expense and combined ratios were 23.3 points and 81.5 points, reflecting decreases of 0.9 points and 9.4 points compared to the first quarter of 2019, respectively.



Loss ratios by line of business
	Loss ratio		Effect of catastrophe losses		Effect of prior year reserve reestimates				Effect of catastrophe losses included in prior year reserve reestimates
	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020		2019		2020		2019
Three months ended March 31,
Auto	61.1	65.5	0.2	1.3	0.2		(1.1	)	(0.1	)	—
Homeowners	48.6	69.3	8.9	28.2	(0.2	)	2.6		(0.4	)	2.3
Other personal lines	54.1	66.8	2.7	14.6	(0.9	)	2.3		(0.9	)	2.1
Commercial lines	78.4	76.0	0.9	0.5	2.8		2.2		0.5		(0.6	)
Total	58.2	66.7	2.4	8.3	0.1		—		(0.2	)	0.6

Allstate Protection: Allstate brand Segment Results

Frequency and severity statistics, which are influenced by driving patterns, inflation and other factors, are provided to describe the trends in loss costs of the business. Our reserving process incorporates changes in loss patterns, operational statistics and changes in claims reporting processes to determine our best estimate of recorded reserves. We use the following statistics to evaluate losses:

• Paid claim frequency ⁽¹⁾ is calculated as annualized notice counts closed with payment in the period divided by the average of PIF with the applicable coverage during the period.

• Gross claim frequency ⁽¹⁾ is calculated as annualized notice counts received in the period divided by the average of PIF with the applicable coverage during the period. Gross claim frequency includes all actual notice counts, regardless of their current status (open or closed) or their ultimate disposition (closed with a payment or closed without payment).

• Paid claim severity is calculated by dividing the sum of paid losses and loss expenses by claims closed with a payment during the period.

• Percent change in frequency or severity statistics is calculated as the amount of increase or decrease in the paid or gross claim frequency or severity in the current period compared to the same period in the prior year divided by the prior year paid or gross claim frequency or severity.


⁽¹⁾	Frequency statistics exclude counts associated with catastrophe events.

Paid claim frequency trends will often differ from gross claim frequency trends due to differences in the timing of when notices are received and when claims are settled. For property damage claims, paid frequency trends reflect smaller differences as timing between opening and settlement is generally less. For bodily injury, gross frequency trends reflect emerging trends since the difference in timing between opening and settlement is much greater and gross frequency does not typically experience the same volatility in quarterly fluctuations seen in paid frequency. In evaluating frequency, we typically rely upon paid frequency trends for physical damage coverages such as property damage and gross frequency for casualty coverages such as bodily injury to provide an indicator of emerging trends in overall claim frequency while also providing insights for our analysis of severity.

We are continuing to implement new technology and process improvements that provide continued loss cost accuracy, efficient processing and enhanced customer experiences that are simple, fast and produce high degrees of satisfaction. We use Digital Operating Centers to handle auto physical damage claims countrywide utilizing our virtual estimation capabilities, which includes estimating damage with photos and video through the use of QuickFoto Claim^®and Virtual Assist^®. We are also leveraging virtual capabilities to handle property claims by estimating damage through video with Virtual Assist and aerial imagery using satellites, airplanes and drones. These

organizational and process changes impact frequency and severity statistics as changes in claim opening and closing practices and shifts in timing, if any, can impact comparisons to prior periods.

Auto loss ratio decreased 4.4 points in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019, primarily due to a decline in non-catastrophe losses driven by favorable frequency, higher premiums earned and lower catastrophe losses, partially offset by increased severity and unfavorable non-catastrophe prior year reserve reestimates compared to favorable reestimates in the prior period.

Property damage gross and paid claim frequency decreased 12.0% and 3.8%, respectively, in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019, primarily due to declines in auto miles driven related to the Coronavirus. In March 2020, gross claim frequency declined by 27.0% compared to March 2019. Property damage paid claim severities increased 7.7% in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019 due to the impact of higher costs to repair more sophisticated newer model vehicles, higher third-party subrogation demands and increased costs associated with total losses.

Bodily injury gross claim frequency decreased 11.2% in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019. Bodily injury severity trends increased at a rate above medical care inflation indices in 2020.

Homeowners loss ratio decreased 20.7 points in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019, primarily due to lower catastrophes, increased premiums earned and improved claim frequency, partially offset by increased claim severity. Gross and paid claim frequency excluding catastrophe losses decreased 13.1% and 10.7%, respectively, in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019. Paid claim severity excluding catastrophe losses increased 16.1% in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019, as we experienced increased claim severity in fire and water perils. Homeowner paid claim severity can be impacted by both the mix of perils and the magnitude of specific losses paid during the quarter.

Other personal lines loss ratio decreased 12.7 points in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019, primarily due to lower catastrophe losses and increased premiums earned.

Commercial lines loss ratio increased 2.4 points in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019, primarily due to higher non-catastrophe losses driven by higher severity, partially offset by increased premiums earned. Commercial lines recorded losses related to the shared economy agreements are primarily based on original pricing expectations given limited loss experience.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 61

Segment Results Allstate Protection: Allstate brand



Impact of specific costs and expenses on the expense ratio
	Three months ended March 31,
	2020	2019
Amortization of DAC	13.7	14.2
Advertising expense	2.0	1.9
Other costs and expenses	7.6	7.9
Restructuring and related charges	—	0.2
Subtotal	23.3	24.2
Shelter-in-Place Payback expense	2.3	—
Total expense ratio	25.6	24.2

Expense ratio increased 1.4 points in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to Shelter-in-Place Payback expense. Excluding the Shelter-in-Place Payback expense, the expense ratio decreased 0.9 points primarily due to lower agent compensation, operating costs and restructuring charges, partially offset by higher advertising costs.

Amortization of DAC primarily includes agent remuneration and premium taxes. Allstate agency total incurred base commissions, variable compensation and bonuses in total in the first quarter of 2020 were lower than the same period of 2019.

Allstate Protection: Esurance brand Segment Results



Underwriting results
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Premiums written	$	546		$	559
Premiums earned	$	519		$	502
Other revenue	23			20
Claims and claims expense	(373		)	(384		)
Shelter-in-Place Payback expense	(17		)	—
Amortization of DAC	(11		)	(11		)
Other costs and expenses	(121		)	(124		)
Restructuring and related charges	(1		)	—
Underwriting income	$	19		$	3
Catastrophe losses	$	3		$	6

Underwriting income (loss) by line of business
Auto	$	6		$	(1	)
Homeowners	12			4
Other personal lines	1			—
Underwriting income	$	19		$	3



Changes in underwriting results from prior year by component⁽¹⁾
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Underwriting income (loss) - prior period	$	3		$	3
Changes in underwriting income (loss) from:
Increase (decrease) premiums earned	17			69
Increase (decrease) other revenue	3			—
(Increase) decrease incurred claims and claims expense (“losses”):
Incurred losses, excluding catastrophe losses and reserve reestimates	6			(57		)
Catastrophe losses, excluding reserve reestimates	3			(3		)
Catastrophe reserve reestimates	—			—
Non-catastrophe reserve reestimates	2			(3		)
Losses subtotal	11			(63		)
Shelter-in-Place Payback expense	(17		)	—
(Increase) decrease expenses	2			(6		)
Underwriting income	$	19		$	3


⁽¹⁾	The 2020 column presents changes in 2020 compared to 2019. The 2019 column presents changes in 2019 compared to 2018.

Underwriting income increased $16 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019 due to increased premiums earned and lower loss costs, partially offset by Shelter-in-Place Payback expense.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 63

Segment Results Allstate Protection: Esurance brand



Premiums written and earned by line of business
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
Premiums written	2020		2019
Auto	$	517	$	532
Homeowners	27		25
Other personal lines	2		2
Total	$	546	$	559
Premiums earned
Auto	$	487	$	475
Homeowners	30		25
Other personal lines	2		2
Total	$	519	$	502



Auto premium measures and statistics
	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019		Change
PIF (thousands)	1,503		1,548		(2.9		)%
New issued applications (thousands)	130		180		(27.8		)%
Average premium	$	632	$	625	1.1		%
Renewal ratio (%)	82.0		83.9		(1.9		)
Approved rate changes:
Impact of rate changes ($ in millions)	$	50	$	12	$	38
Number of locations⁽¹⁾	10		9		1
Total brand (%)	2.6		0.6		2.0
Location specific (%)	7.2		4.1		3.1


⁽¹⁾	Esurance brand operates in 43 states.

Auto insurance premiums written decreased 2.8% or $15 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower renewal ratio and fewer new issued applications, partially offset by higher average premium.

PIF decreased 2.9% or 45 thousand as of March 31, 2020 compared to March 31, 2019. New issued applications decreased 27.8% as of March 31, 2020 compared to March 31, 2019 due to rate increases approved in 2019 and 2020 adversely impacting the close ratio, as well as early impacts of the Coronavirus.



Homeowners premium measures and statistics
	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019		Change
PIF (thousands)	106		98		8.2		%
New issued applications (thousands)	5		7		(28.6		)%
Average premium	$	1,081	$	1,016	6.4		%
Renewal ratio (%)⁽¹⁾	83.9		84.8		(0.9		)
Approved rate changes:
Impact of rate changes ($ in millions)	$	—	$	2	$	(2	)
Number of locations⁽²⁾	—		2		(2		)
Total brand (%)	—		2.0		(2.0		)
Location specific (%)	—		18.2		(18.2		)


⁽¹⁾	Esurance’s renewal ratios exclude the impact of risk related cancellations. Customers can enter into a policy without a physical inspection. During the underwriting review period, a number of policies may be canceled if upon inspection the condition is unsatisfactory.


⁽²⁾	Esurance brand operates in 31 states.

Homeowners insurance premiums written increased 8.0% or $2 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019 due to PIF growth. As of March 31, 2020, Esurance continues to write homeowners insurance in 31 states

with lower hurricane risk, contributing to lower average premium compared to the industry.

PIF increased 8.2% or 8 thousand as of March 31, 2020 compared to March 31, 2019.

Allstate Protection: Esurance brand Segment Results



Combined ratios by line of business
	Loss ratio		Expense ratio ⁽¹⁾		Combined ratio
	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019
Three months ended March 31,
Auto ⁽²⁾	73.7	77.3	25.1	22.9	98.8	100.2
Homeowners	43.3	60.0	16.7	24.0	60.0	84.0
Total ⁽³⁾	71.8	76.5	24.5	22.9	96.3	99.4


⁽¹⁾	Other revenue is deducted from operating costs and expenses in the expense ratio calculation.


⁽²⁾	Excluding the impact of the Shelter-in-Place Payback expense, the first quarter of 2020 auto expense and combined ratios were 21.6 points and 95.3 points, reflecting decreases of 1.3 points and 4.9 points compared to the first quarter of 2019, respectively.


⁽³⁾	Excluding the impact of the Shelter-in-Place Payback expense, the first quarter of 2020 total expense and combined ratios were 21.2 points and 93.0 points, reflecting decreases of 1.7 points and 6.4 points compared to the first quarter of 2019, respectively.



Loss ratios by line of business
	Loss ratio		Effect of catastrophe losses		Effect of prior year reserve reestimates				Effect of catastrophe losses included in prior year reserve reestimates
	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020		2019		2020	2019
Three months ended March 31,
Auto	73.7	77.3	0.2	0.6	0.7		0.9		—	—
Homeowners	43.3	60.0	6.7	12.0	(6.7	)	(4.0	)	—	—
Total	71.8	76.5	0.6	1.2	0.1		0.6		—	—

Auto loss ratio decreased 3.6 points in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019, primarily due to higher premiums earned and lower claim frequency, partially offset by higher claim severity.

Homeowners loss ratio decreased 16.7 points in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019, primarily due to favorable claims frequency, lower catastrophe losses and higher premiums earned.



Impact of specific costs and expenses on the expense ratio
	Three months ended March 31,
	2020	2019
Amortization of DAC	2.1	2.2
Advertising expense	8.5	8.2
Amortization of purchased intangibles	—	0.2
Other costs and expenses	10.4	12.3
Restructuring and related charges	0.2	—
Subtotal	21.2	22.9
Shelter-in-Place Payback expense	3.3	—
Total expense ratio	24.5	22.9

Expense ratio increased 1.6 points in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019. Excluding the impact of Shelter-in-Place Payback expense, the expense ratio decreased 1.7 points.

Other costs and expenses, including sales personnel and other underwriting costs related to customer acquisition, were 1.9 points lower in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019 reflecting continued implementation of digital self-service capabilities and a reduction in professional service expenses as part of the integration of Esurance into the Allstate brand.

Esurance uses a direct distribution model, therefore its primary acquisition-related costs are advertising as opposed to commissions. The Esurance advertising expense ratio increased 0.3 points in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 65

Segment Results Allstate Protection: Encompass brand



Underwriting results
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Premiums written	$	222		$	224
Premiums earned	$	256		$	253
Other revenue	1			1
Claims and claims expense	(157		)	(174		)
Shelter-in-Place Payback expense	(5		)	—
Amortization of DAC	(49		)	(48		)
Other costs and expenses	(32		)	(32		)
Restructuring and related charges	—			(2		)
Underwriting income (loss)	$	14		$	(2	)
Catastrophe losses	$	12		$	30

Underwriting income (loss) by line of business
Auto	$	(2	)	$	(1	)
Homeowners	14			(4		)
Other personal lines	2			3
Underwriting income (loss)	$	14		$	(2	)



Changes in underwriting results from prior year by component ⁽¹⁾
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Underwriting income (loss) - prior period	$	(2	)	$	6
Changes in underwriting loss from:
Increase (decrease) premiums earned	3			(4		)
Increase (decrease) other revenue	—			—
(Increase) decrease incurred claims and claims expense (“losses”):
Incurred losses, excluding catastrophe losses and reserve reestimates	(2		)	(4		)
Catastrophe losses, excluding reserve reestimates	12			(5		)
Catastrophe reserve reestimates	6			4
Non-catastrophe reserve reestimates	1			(3		)
Losses subtotal	17			(8		)
Shelter-in-Place Payback expense	(5		)	—
(Increase) decrease expenses	1			4
Underwriting income (loss)	$	14		$	(2	)


⁽¹⁾	The 2020 column presents changes in 2020 compared to 2019. The 2019 column presents changes in 2019 compared to 2018.

Underwriting income increased $16 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower catastrophe losses and lower auto claim frequency, partially offset by Shelter-in-Place Payback expense and higher auto claim severity.

Allstate Protection: Encompass brand Segment Results



Premiums written and earned by line of business
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Premiums written
Auto	$	118	$	120
Homeowners	87		86
Other personal lines	17		18
Total	$	222	$	224
Premiums earned
Auto	$	135	$	134
Homeowners	101		99
Other personal lines	20		20
Total	$	256	$	253



Auto premium measures and statistics
	Three months ended March 31,
	2020			2019		Change
PIF (thousands)	485			499		(2.8		)%
New issued applications (thousands)	16			20		(20.0		)%
Average premium	$	1,162		$	1,134	2.5		%
Renewal ratio (%)	77.5			77.7		(0.2		)
Approved rate changes:
Impact of rate changes ($ in millions)	$	—		$	2	$	(2	)
Number of locations⁽¹⁾	5			3		2
Total brand (%)	—			0.5		(0.5		)
Location specific (%)	(0.2		)	4.5		(4.7		)


⁽¹⁾	Encompass brand operates in 40 states and the District of Columbia.

Auto insurance premiums written decreased 1.7% or $2 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to decreased new business in the quarter, partially offset by higher

average premiums, with the top 10 states representing approximately 70% of premiums written. PIF decreased 2.8% or 14 thousand as of March 31, 2020 compared to March 31, 2019.



Homeowners premium measure and statistics
	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019		Change
PIF (thousands)	230		237		(3.0		)%
New issued applications (thousands)	8		9		(11.1		)%
Average premium	$	1,880	$	1,768	6.3		%
Renewal ratio (%)	81.9		82.1		(0.2		)
Approved rate changes:
Impact of rate changes ($ in millions)	$	7	$	6	$	1
Number of locations ⁽¹⁾	6		4		2
Total brand (%)	1.8		1.4		0.4
Location specific (%)	11.9		10.8		1.1


⁽¹⁾	Encompass brand operates in 40 states and the District of Columbia.

Homeowners insurance premiums written increased 1.2% or $1 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to higher average premiums due to rate changes over the

past 12 months, with the top 10 states representing approximately 70% of premiums written. PIF decreased 3.0% or 7 thousand as of March 31, 2020 compared to March 31, 2019.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 67

Segment Results Allstate Protection: Encompass brand



Combined ratios by line of business
	Loss ratio		Expense ratio ⁽¹⁾		Combined ratio
	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019
Three months ended March 31,
Auto ⁽²⁾	66.7	67.9	34.8	32.8	101.5	100.7
Homeowners	54.4	72.7	31.7	31.3	86.1	104.0
Other personal lines	60.0	55.0	30.0	30.0	90.0	85.0
Total ⁽³⁾	61.3	68.8	33.2	32.0	94.5	100.8


⁽¹⁾	Other revenue is deducted from operating costs and expenses in the expense ratio calculation.


⁽²⁾	Excluding the impact of the Shelter-in-Place Payback expense, the first quarter of 2020 auto expense and combined ratios were 31.1 points and 97.8 points, reflecting decreases of 1.7 points and 2.9 points compared to the first quarter of 2019, respectively.


⁽³⁾	Excluding the impact of the Shelter-in-Place Payback expense, the first quarter of 2020 total expense and combined ratios were 31.2 points and 92.5 points, reflecting decreases of 0.8 points and 8.3 points compared to the first quarter of 2019, respectively.



Loss ratios by line of business
	Loss ratio		Effect of catastrophe losses		Effect of prior year reserve reestimates				Effect of catastrophe losses included in prior year reserve reestimates
	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020		2019		2020		2019
Three months ended March 31,
Auto	66.7	67.9	—	2.2	0.8		—		(0.7	)	—
Homeowners	54.4	72.7	10.9	25.3	(1.0	)	8.0		(1.0	)	4.0
Other personal lines	60.0	55.0	5.0	10.0	(10.0	)	(15.0	)	—		—
Total	61.3	68.8	4.7	11.9	(0.8	)	2.0		(0.8	)	1.6

Auto loss ratio decreased 1.2 points in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019, primarily due to lower claim frequency and catastrophe losses, partially offset by increased claim severity.

Homeowners loss ratio decreased 18.3 points in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019, primarily due to lower catastrophe losses.



Impact of specific costs and expenses on the expense ratio
	Three months ended March 31,
	2020	2019
Amortization of DAC	19.1	18.9
Other costs and expenses	12.1	12.3
Restructuring and related charges	—	0.8
Subtotal	31.2	32.0
Shelter-in-Place Payback expense	2.0	—
Total expense ratio	33.2	32.0

Expense ratio increased 1.2 points in the first quarter compared to the same period of 2019, primarily due to Shelter-in-Place Payback expense. Excluding the Shelter-in-Place Payback expense, the expense ratio decreased 0.8 points, primarily due to lower technology and employee-related costs.

Discontinued Lines and Coverages Segment Results

Discontinued Lines and Coverages Segment



Underwriting results
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Claims and claims expense	$	(2	)	$	(2	)
Operating costs and expenses	(1		)	(1		)
Underwriting loss	$	(3	)	$	(3	)



Reserves for asbestos, environmental and other discontinued lines claims before and after the effects of reinsurance
($ in millions)	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Asbestos claims
Gross reserves	$	1,141		$	1,172
Reinsurance	(351		)	(362		)
Net reserves	790			810
Environmental claims
Gross reserves	214			219
Reinsurance	(39		)	(40		)
Net reserves	175			179
Other discontinued lines
Gross reserves	417			427
Reinsurance	(47		)	(51		)
Net reserves	370			376
Total
Gross reserves	1,772			1,818
Reinsurance	(437		)	(453		)
Net reserves	$	1,335		$	1,365



Reserves by type of exposure before and after the effects of reinsurance
($ in millions)	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Direct excess commercial insurance
Gross reserves	$	918		$	948
Reinsurance	(321		)	(332		)
Net reserves	597			616
Assumed reinsurance coverage
Gross reserves	597			606
Reinsurance	(52		)	(53		)
Net reserves	545			553
Direct primary commercial insurance
Gross reserves	161			169
Reinsurance	(49		)	(54		)
Net reserves	112			115
Other run-off business
Gross reserves	16			15
Reinsurance	(14		)	(13		)
Net reserves	2			2
Unallocated loss adjustment expenses
Gross reserves	80			80
Reinsurance	(1		)	(1		)
Net reserves	79			79
Total
Gross reserves	1,772			1,818
Reinsurance	(437		)	(453		)
Net reserves	$	1,335		$	1,365

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 69

Segment Results Discontinued Lines and Coverages



Percentage of gross and ceded reserves by case and incurred but not reported (“IBNR”)
	March 31, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Case		IBNR		Case		IBNR
Direct excess commercial insurance
Gross reserves⁽¹⁾	67	%	33	%	68	%	32	%
Ceded ⁽²⁾	77		23		78		22
Assumed reinsurance coverage
Gross reserves	35		65		34		66
Ceded	38		62		35		65
Direct primary commercial insurance
Gross reserves	55		45		56		44
Ceded	78		22		78		22


⁽¹⁾	Approximately 72% of the total gross case reserves are subject to settlement agreements.


⁽²⁾	Approximately 80% of the total ceded case reserves are subject to settlement agreements.



Gross payments from case reserves by type of exposure
($ in millions)	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Direct excess commercial insurance
Gross reserves⁽¹⁾	$	29	$	26
Ceded ⁽²⁾	11		11
Assumed reinsurance coverage
Gross reserves	9		9
Ceded	1		1
Direct primary commercial insurance
Gross reserves	2		3
Ceded	1		—

⁽¹⁾ 86% of first quarter 2020 payments related to settlement agreements.

⁽²⁾89% of first quarter 2020 payments related to settlement agreements.

Total net reserves as of March 31, 2020, included $650 million or 49% of estimated IBNR reserves compared to $660 million or 48% of estimated IBNR reserves as of December 31, 2019.

Total gross payments were $41 million for the first quarter of 2020, primarily related to payments on settlement agreements reached with several insureds

on large claims, mainly asbestos related losses, where the scope of coverages has been agreed upon. The claims associated with these settlement agreements are expected to be substantially paid out over the next several years as qualified claims are submitted by these insureds. Reinsurance collections were $13 million for the first quarter of 2020.

Service Businesses Segment Results

Service Businesses Segment

See the Coronavirus discussion in the Highlights section of the MD&A.



Summarized financial information
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Premiums written	$	379		$	368

Revenues
Premiums	$	354		$	295
Other revenue	52			47
Intersegment insurance premiums and service fees ⁽¹⁾	38			33
Net investment income	10			9
Realized capital gains (losses)	(24		)	8
Total revenues	430			392

Costs and expenses
Claims and claims expense	(92		)	(92		)
Amortization of DAC	(153		)	(127		)
Operating costs and expenses	(161		)	(151		)
Amortization of purchased intangibles	(27		)	(31		)
Total costs and expenses	(433		)	(401		)

Income tax benefit	—			3
Net loss applicable to common shareholders	$	(3	)	$	(6	)

Adjusted net income	$	37		$	11
Realized capital gains (losses), after-tax	(19		)	7
Amortization of purchased intangibles, after-tax	(21		)	(24		)
Net loss applicable to common shareholders	$	(3	)	$	(6	)

Allstate Protection Plans	$	34		$	14
Allstate Dealer Services	7			6
Allstate Roadside Services	2			(6		)
Arity	(3		)	(2		)
Allstate Identity Protection	(3		)	(1		)
Adjusted net income	$	37		$	11

Allstate Protection Plans	107,124			77,866
Allstate Dealer Services	4,096			4,294
Allstate Roadside Services	576			649
Allstate Identity Protection	1,932			1,211
Policies in force as of March 31 (in thousands)	113,728			84,020


⁽¹⁾	Primarily related to Arity and Allstate Roadside Services and are eliminated in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Net loss applicable to common shareholders decreased 50.0% or $3 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019.

Adjusted net income increased $26 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to growth of Allstate Protection Plans and improved loss experience and expenses at Allstate Roadside Services, partially offset by higher operating expenses related to investing in growth and developing new products and distribution channels for Allstate Protection Plans and Allstate Identity Protection.

Total revenues increased 9.7% or $38 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to Allstate Protection Plans’ growth through its U.S. retail and international channels, increased premiums earned on Allstate Dealer Services’ vehicle service contracts and higher revenues at Arity and Allstate Identity Protection, partially offset by net realized capital losses in first quarter of 2020 compared to gains in the same period of 2019 and declines in premiums earned at Allstate Roadside Services.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 71

Segment Results Service Businesses

Premiums written increased 3.0% or $11 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to growth at Allstate Protection Plans and increased premiums written by Allstate Dealer Services, partially offset by declines in Allstate Roadside Services wholesale and retail business.

PIF increased 35.4% or 30 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019 due to continued growth at Allstate Protection Plans.

Intersegment premiums and service fees increased 15.2% or $5 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily related to increased auto connections and device sales through Arity’s device and mobile data collection services and analytic solutions.

Other revenue increased 10.6% or $5 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to revenue from Allstate Identity Protection.

Claims and claims expense in first quarter 2020 was comparable to first quarter 2019 as higher loss costs at Allstate Protection Plans were partially offset by improved loss experience at Allstate Roadside Services.

Amortization of DAC increased 20.5% or $26 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019. The increase is in line with the growth experienced at Allstate Protection Plans and Allstate Dealer Services.

Operating costs and expenses increased 6.6% or $10 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to product development costs, investments in growing Allstate Protection Plans and expanding Allstate Identity Protection.

Amortization of purchased intangibles relates to the acquisitions of Allstate Protection Plans in 2017 and Allstate Identity Protection in 2018. We recorded amortization expense of $27 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $31 million in the first quarter of 2019.

Allstate Life Segment Results

Allstate Life Segment

See the Coronavirus discussion in the Highlights section of the MD&A.



Summarized financial information
($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Revenues
Premiums and contract charges	$	333		$	337
Other revenue	32			27
Net investment income	128			127
Realized capital gains (losses)	(31		)	(5		)
Total revenues	462			486

Costs and expenses
Contract benefits	(212		)	(214		)
Interest credited to contractholder funds	(56		)	(72		)
Amortization of DAC	(34		)	(28		)
Operating costs and expenses	(84		)	(91		)
Restructuring and related charges	(1		)	—
Total costs and expenses	(387		)	(405		)

Income tax expense	(11		)	(14		)
Net income applicable to common shareholders	$	64		$	67

Adjusted net income	$	80		$	73
Realized capital gains (losses), after-tax	(25		)	(4		)
Valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax	12			—
DAC and DSI amortization related to realized capital gains and losses and valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax	(3		)	(2		)
Net income applicable to common shareholders	$	64		$	67

Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits as of March 31	$	2,691		$	2,698

Contractholder funds as of March 31	$	7,754		$	7,686

Policies in force as of March 31 by distribution channel (in thousands)
Allstate agencies	1,797			1,823
Closed channels	105			113
Total	1,902			1,936

Net income applicable to common shareholders decreased 4.5% or $3 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019.

Adjusted net income increased 9.6% or $7 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower operating costs and expenses, partially offset by higher amortization of DAC.

Premiums and contract charges decreased 1.2% or $4 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower contract charges on interest-sensitive life insurance from a decline in business in force.



Premiums and contract charges by product
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020		2019
Traditional life insurance premiums	$	153	$	154
Interest-sensitive life insurance contract charges ⁽¹⁾	180		183
Premiums and contract charges	$	333	$	337


⁽¹⁾	Contract charges related to the cost of insurance totaled $128 million and $129 million for the first quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively.

In light of uncertainty around the impacts of the Coronavirus, we are evaluating changes to our life insurance offerings and underwriting guidelines. For new applications effective March 31, 2020, we will

approve only rate classes of standard and preferred, a maximum issue age of 69, and are suspending sales of our simplified issue term life product that does not require underwriting. Agents will be able to offer

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 73

Segment Results Allstate Life

coverage to customers outside these guidelines through non-proprietary carriers.

Other revenue increased 18.5% or $5 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to higher gross dealer concessions earned on Allstate agencies’ sales of non-proprietary mutual funds and variable annuities.

Contract benefits decreased 0.9% or $2 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to reserve releases in connection with term life insurance policy lapses after their level-premium period ended, partially offset by higher claim experience. The Coronavirus death claims do not appear to have materially impacted first quarter 2020 results. It is possible that some deaths related to the Coronavirus were not identified as such.

Benefit spread reflects our mortality and morbidity results using the difference between premiums and

contract charges earned for the cost of insurance and contract benefits (“benefit spread”). Benefit spread of $69 million in the first quarter of 2020 was comparable to the first quarter of 2019.

Interest credited to contractholder funds decreased 22.2% or $16 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019. Valuation changes on derivatives embedded in equity-indexed universal life contracts that are not hedged decreased interest credited to contractholder funds by $14 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to zero in the first quarter of 2019.

Investment spread reflects the difference between net investment income and interest credited to contractholder funds (“investment spread”) and is used to analyze the impact of net investment income and interest credited to contractholder funds on net income.



Investment spread
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020		2019
Investment spread before valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged	$	58	$	55
Valuation changes on derivatives embedded in equity-indexed universal life contracts that are not hedged	14		—
Total investment spread	$	72	$	55

Investment spread before valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged increased 5.5% in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower credited interest and higher net investment income.

Amortization of DAC increased 21.4% or $6 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to higher gross profits on interest-sensitive life insurance.



Components of amortization of DAC
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020		2019
Amortization of DAC before amortization relating to realized capital gains and losses, valuation changes on embedded derivatives that are not hedged and changes in assumptions	$	30	$	26
Amortization relating to realized capital gains and losses⁽¹⁾and valuation changes on embedded derivatives that are not hedged	4		2
Amortization acceleration for changes in assumptions (‘‘DAC unlocking’’)	—		—
Total amortization of DAC	$	34	$	28


⁽¹⁾	The impact of realized capital gains and losses on amortization of DAC is dependent upon the relationship between the assets that give rise to the gain or loss and the product liability supported by the assets. Fluctuations result from changes in the impact of realized capital gains and losses on actual and expected gross profits.

Operating costs and expenses decreased 7.7% or $7 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower employee-related, marketing and technology expenses, partially offset by higher commissions on non-proprietary product sales.

Analysis of reserves and contractholder funds



Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits
($ in millions)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Traditional life insurance	$	2,569	$	2,612
Accident and health insurance	122		124
Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits	$	2,691	$	2,736

Allstate Life Segment Results

Contractholder funds represent interest-bearing liabilities arising from the sale of products such as interest-sensitive life insurance. The balance of contractholder funds is equal to the cumulative deposits received and interest credited to the contractholder less cumulative contract benefits, surrenders, withdrawals and contract charges for mortality or administrative expenses.



Change in contractholder funds
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Contractholder funds, beginning balance	$	7,805		$	7,656

Deposits	231			234

Interest credited	56			72

Benefits, withdrawals and other adjustments
Benefits	(63		)	(61		)
Surrenders and partial withdrawals	(71		)	(70		)
Contract charges	(175		)	(176		)
Net transfers from separate accounts	2			2
Other adjustments ⁽¹⁾	(31		)	29
Total benefits, withdrawals and other adjustments	(338		)	(276		)
Contractholder funds, ending balance	$	7,754		$	7,686

⁽¹⁾

The table above illustrates the changes in contractholder funds, which are presented gross of reinsurance recoverables on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The table above is intended to supplement our discussion and analysis of revenues, which are presented net of reinsurance on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As a result, the net change in contractholder funds associated with products reinsured is reflected as a component of the other adjustments line.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 75

Segment Results Allstate Benefits

Allstate Benefits Segment

See the Coronavirus discussion in the Highlights section of the MD&A.



Summarized financial information
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Revenues
Premiums and contract charges	$	282		$	288
Net investment income	20			19
Realized capital gains (losses)	(14		)	4
Total revenues	288			311

Costs and expenses
Contract benefits	(141		)	(145		)
Interest credited to contractholder funds	(9		)	(9		)
Amortization of DAC	(45		)	(43		)
Operating costs and expenses	(75		)	(71		)
Total costs and expenses	(270		)	(268		)

Income tax expense	(4		)	(9		)
Net income applicable to common shareholders	$	14		$	34

Adjusted net income	$	24		$	31
Realized capital gains (losses), after-tax	(10		)	3
Net income applicable to common shareholders	$	14		$	34

Benefit ratio ⁽¹⁾	50.0			50.3

Operating expense ratio ⁽²⁾	26.6			24.7

Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits as of March 31	$	1,031		$	1,005

Contractholder funds as of March 31	$	877		$	904

Policies in force as of March 31 (in thousands)	4,309			4,322


⁽¹⁾	Benefit ratio is calculated as contract benefits divided by premiums and contract charges.


⁽²⁾	Operating expense ratio is calculated as operating costs and expenses divided by premiums and contract charges.

Net income applicable to common shareholders decreased 58.8% or $20 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019.

Adjusted net income decreased 22.6% or $7 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to higher operating costs and expenses driven by increased investments in technology and higher amortization of DAC.

Premiums and contract charges decreased 2.1% or $6 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to decreases in disability, driven by the non-renewal of a large underperforming account, and accident products, partially offset by growth in hospital indemnity (included in other health) products.

Allstate Benefits Segment Results



Premiums and contract charges by product
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020		2019
Life	$	38	$	38
Accident	73		76
Critical illness	122		122
Short-term disability	20		26
Other health	29		26
Premiums and contract charges	$	282	$	288

Contract benefits decreased 2.8% or $4 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower claim experience on critical illness and disability products, driven by the non-renewal of a large underperforming account, partially offset by higher mortality experience on life products.

Benefit ratio decreased to 50.0 in the first quarter of 2020 compared to 50.3 in the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower claim experience on critical illness and other health products, partially offset by higher mortality experience on life products and higher claims experience on accident products.



Operating costs and expenses
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020		2019
Non-deferrable commissions	$	26	$	26
General and administrative expenses	49		45
Total operating costs and expenses	$	75	$	71

Operating costs and expenses increased 5.6% or $4 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to higher technology expenditures related to platform modernization.

Operating expense ratio increased to 26.6 in the first quarter of 2020 compared to 24.7 in the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to higher technology costs.

Analysis of reserves



Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits
($ in millions)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Traditional life insurance	$	285	$	285
Accident and health insurance	746		749
Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits	$	1,031	$	1,034

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 77

Segment Results Allstate Annuities

Allstate Annuities Segment

See the Coronavirus discussion in the Highlights section of the MD&A.



Summarized financial information
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Revenues
Contract charges	$	2		$	3
Net investment income	47			190
Realized capital gains (losses)	(269		)	156
Total revenues	(220		)	349

Costs and expenses
Contract benefits	(148		)	(138		)
Interest credited to contractholder funds	(67		)	(81		)
Amortization of DAC	(2		)	(2		)
Operating costs and expenses	(6		)	(7		)
Total costs and expenses	(223		)	(228		)

Gain on disposition of operations	1			1
Income tax benefit (expense)	93			(25		)
Net (loss) income applicable to common shareholders	$	(349	)	$	97

Adjusted net loss	$	(139	)	$	(25	)
Realized capital gains (losses), after-tax	(213		)	124
Valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax	2			(3		)
Gain on disposition of operations, after-tax	1			1
Net (loss) income applicable to common shareholders	$	(349	)	$	97

Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits as of March 31	$	8,522		$	8,497

Contractholder funds as of March 31	$	8,773		$	9,571

Policies in force as of March 31 (in thousands)
Deferred annuities	111			123
Immediate annuities	77			83
Total	188			206

Net loss applicable to common shareholders in the first quarter of 2020 was $349 million compared to net income of $97 million in the first quarter of 2019.

Adjusted net loss increased $114 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower net investment income.

Net investment income decreased 75.3% or $143 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower performance-based investment results, mainly from limited partnerships, including estimated declines recognized on four private equity investments totaling $86 million, and lower average investment balances.

Net realized capital losses in the first quarter of 2020 primarily related to decreased valuation of equity investments. Net realized capital gains in the first quarter of 2019 primarily related to increased valuation of equity investments.

Contract benefits increased 7.2% or $10 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to worse immediate annuity mortality experience.

We periodically review the adequacy of reserves for immediate annuities with life contingencies using actual experience and current assumptions. In the event actual experience and current assumptions are adverse compared to the original assumptions and a premium deficiency is determined to exist, the establishment of a premium deficiency reserve is required.

Long-term investment yield assumptions are sensitive to changes in interest rates. During the first quarter of 2020, our reviews concluded that no premium deficiency adjustments were necessary although immediate annuities with life contingencies had marginal sufficiency.

Benefit spread reflects our mortality results using the difference between contract charges earned and contract benefits excluding the portion related to the implied interest on immediate annuities with life contingencies. This implied interest totaled $118 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to $121 million in the first quarter of 2019. Total benefit spread was $(28) million in first quarter 2020 compared to $(15) million in first quarter 2019.

Allstate Annuities Segment Results

Interest credited to contractholder funds decreased 17.3% or $14 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower average contractholder funds. Valuation changes on derivatives embedded in equity-indexed annuity contracts that are not hedged decreased interest credited to contractholder funds by $3 million in the first quarter of 2020, compared to an increase of $3 million in the first quarter of 2019.

Investment spread reflects the difference between net investment income and the sum of interest credited to contractholder funds and the implied interest on immediate annuities with life contingencies, which is included as a component of contract benefits and is used to analyze the impact of net investment income and interest credited to contractholders on net income.



Investment spread
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Investment spread before valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged	$	(141	)	$	(9	)
Valuation changes on derivatives embedded in equity-indexed annuity contracts that are not hedged	3			(3		)
Total investment spread	$	(138	)	$	(12	)

Investment spread before valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged decreased $132 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower investment income, mainly from limited partnership interests, partially offset by lower interest credited to contractholder funds.

To further analyze investment spreads, the following table summarizes the weighted average investment yield on assets supporting product liabilities, interest crediting rates and investment spreads. Investment spreads may vary significantly between periods due to the variability in investment income, particularly for immediate fixed annuities where the investment portfolio includes performance-based investments.



Analysis of investment spread
	Three months ended March 31,
	Weighted average investment yield				Weighted average interest crediting rate				Weighted average investment spreads
	2020		2019		2020		2019		2020		2019
Deferred fixed annuities	4.2	%	4.2	%	2.7	%	2.7	%	1.5	%	1.5	%
Immediate fixed annuities with and without life contingencies	(1.0	)	3.6		5.9		5.9		(6.9	)	(2.3	)

Operating costs and expenses decreased 14.3% or $1 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower technology and employee-related costs.

Analysis of reserves and contractholder funds



Product liabilities
($ in millions)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Immediate fixed annuities with life contingencies:
Sub-standard structured settlements and group pension terminations ⁽¹⁾	$	5,071	$	5,085
Standard structured settlements and SPIA ⁽²⁾	3,336		3,367
Other	115		78
Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits	$	8,522	$	8,530

Deferred fixed annuities	$	6,293	$	6,499
Immediate fixed annuities without life contingencies	2,304		2,346
Other	176		127
Contractholder funds	$	8,773	$	8,972


⁽¹⁾	Comprises structured settlement annuities for annuitants with severe injuries or other health impairments which increased their expected mortality rate at the time the annuity was issued (“sub-standard structured settlements”) and group annuity contracts issued to sponsors of terminated pension plans.


⁽²⁾	Comprises structured settlement annuities for annuitants with standard life expectancy (“standard structured settlements”) and single premium immediate annuities (“SPIA”) with life contingencies.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 79

Segment Results Allstate Annuities

Contractholder funds represent interest-bearing liabilities arising from the sale of products such as fixed annuities. The balance of contractholder funds is equal to the cumulative deposits received and interest credited to the contractholder less cumulative contract benefits, surrenders, withdrawals and contract charges for mortality or administrative expenses.



Changes in contractholder funds
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Contractholder funds, beginning balance	$	8,972		$	9,817

Deposits	4			5

Interest credited	67			80

Benefits, withdrawals and other adjustments
Benefits	(139		)	(141		)
Surrenders and partial withdrawals	(151		)	(181		)
Contract charges	(2		)	(2		)
Net transfers from separate accounts	—			(1		)
Other adjustments ⁽¹⁾	22			(6		)
Total benefits, withdrawals and other adjustments	(270		)	(331		)
Contractholder funds, ending balance	$	8,773		$	9,571

⁽¹⁾

Contractholder funds decreased 2.2% in the first quarter of 2020, primarily due to the continued runoff of our deferred fixed annuity business. We discontinued the sale of annuities but still accept additional deposits on existing contracts.

Surrenders and partial withdrawals decreased 16.6% or $30 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019.

The annualized surrender and partial withdrawal rate on deferred fixed annuities, based on the beginning of year contractholder funds, was 10.2% in the first three months of 2020 compared to 11.1% in the first three months of 2019.

Investments

See the Coronavirus discussion in the Highlights section of the MD&A.



Portfolio composition and strategy by reporting segment ⁽¹⁾
	March 31, 2020
($ in millions)	Property-Liability			Service Businesses			Allstate Life			Allstate Benefits			Allstate Annuities			Corporate and Other			Total
Fixed income securities ⁽²⁾	$	34,577		$	1,410		$	7,824		$	1,275		$	13,586		$	1,185		$	59,857
Equity securities ⁽³⁾	1,842			111			157			64			1,213			314			3,701
Mortgage loans, net	568			—			1,792			198			2,201			—			4,759
Limited partnership interests	4,154			—			—			—			2,933			—			7,087
Short-term investments ⁽⁴⁾	2,507			83			485			30			606			1,960			5,671
Other, net	1,540			—			1,309			300			617			1			3,767
Total	$	45,188		$	1,604		$	11,567		$	1,867		$	21,156		$	3,460		$	84,842
Percent to total	53.3		%	1.9		%	13.6		%	2.2		%	24.9		%	4.1		%	100.0		%

Market-based	$	40,089		$	1,604		$	11,567		$	1,867		$	17,875		$	3,459		$	76,461
Performance-based	5,099			—			—			—			3,281			1			8,381
Total	$	45,188		$	1,604		$	11,567		$	1,867		$	21,156		$	3,460		$	84,842


⁽¹⁾	Balances reflect the elimination of related party investments between segments.


⁽²⁾	Fixed income securities are carried at fair value. Amortized cost, net for these securities was $34.56 billion, $1.38 billion, $7.47 billion, $1.26 billion, $13.13 billion, $1.16 billion and $58.95 billion for Property-Liability, Service Businesses, Allstate Life, Allstate Benefits, Allstate Annuities, Corporate and Other, and in total, respectively.


⁽³⁾	Equity securities are carried at fair value. The fair value of equity securities held as of March 31, 2020, was $70 million in excess of cost. These net gains were primarily concentrated in the technology, consumer goods and banking sectors. Equity securities include $1.39 billion of funds with underlying investments in fixed income securities as of March 31, 2020.


⁽⁴⁾	Short-term investments are carried at fair value.

Investments totaled $84.84 billion as of March 31, 2020, decreasing from $88.36 billion as of December 31, 2019, primarily due to lower fixed income and equity valuations, common share repurchases, dividends paid to shareholders, net reductions in contractholder funds and repayment of preferred stock, partially offset by positive investment and operating cash flows.

Portfolio composition by investment strategy We utilize two primary strategies to manage risks and returns and to position our portfolio to take advantage of market opportunities while attempting to mitigate adverse effects. As strategies and market conditions evolve, the asset allocation may change, or assets may be moved between strategies.

Market-based strategies include investments primarily in public fixed income and equity securities. It seeks to deliver predictable earnings aligned to business needs and take advantage of short-term opportunities primarily through public and private fixed income investments and public equity securities.

Performance-based strategy seeks to deliver attractive risk-adjusted returns and supplement market risk with idiosyncratic risk primarily through investments in private equity and real estate.

Coronavirus impacts The pandemic has had an adverse impact on the valuations of fixed income securities, equity securities and performance-based investments, primarily limited partnership interests. Future investment results will depend on developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak and preventive measures to combat the spread of the virus, and capital market conditions, including the pace of economic recovery and

effectiveness of the fiscal and monetary policy responses. These developments and the impact of the Coronavirus on financial markets and the overall economy are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.


•	Market volatility has materially impacted our first quarter 2020 results:


–	Net realized capital losses for valuation changes of equity investments of $859 million


–	Unrealized net capital gains and losses on fixed income securities decreased by $1.84 billion from December 31, 2019, and included gross unrealized losses of $1.28 billion as of March 31, 2020


–	Fixed income securities in certain sectors such as energy, automotive, retail, travel, lodging and airlines were more severely impacted than others


–	Performance-based investment income was reduced by $214 million due to lower valuations


•	In the first quarter of 2020, we took the following actions in our investment portfolio:


–	In February, we reduced our equity exposure by approximately $4 billion, primarily through the sale of public equity securities, at an average sale price equivalent to 3,281 on the S&P 500 compared to 2,585 at March 31, 2020. The proceeds from the sale of public equities were invested in investment grade fixed income securities.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 81

Investments


–	We reduced our securities lending program to a carrying value of $1.19 billion of securities on loan as of March 31, 2020 from $1.74 billion as of December 31, 2019. By reducing the securities lending program, we increased unrestricted access to our liquid investments.

We have included additional disclosures into areas of our portfolio that are subject to the Coronavirus impacts, including fixed income and equity securities, mortgage loans and performance-based investments, primarily limited partnership interests.



Portfolio composition by investment strategy
	March 31, 2020
($ in millions)	Market-based			Performance-based			Total
Fixed income securities	$	59,763		$	94		$	59,857
Equity securities	3,392			309			3,701
Mortgage loans, net	4,759			—			4,759
Limited partnership interests	216			6,871			7,087
Short-term investments	5,671			—			5,671
Other, net	2,660			1,107			3,767
Total	$	76,461		$	8,381		$	84,842
Percent to total	90.1		%	9.9		%	100.0		%

Unrealized net capital gains and losses
Fixed income securities	$	912		$	—		$	912
Limited partnership interests	—			(2		)	(2		)
Other	(3		)	—			(3		)
Total	$	909		$	(2	)	$	907



Fixed income securities by type
	Fair value as of
($ in millions)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
U.S. government and agencies	$	5,399	$	5,086
Municipal	8,709		8,620
Corporate	43,635		43,078
Foreign government	911		979
Asset-backed securities (“ABS”)	836		862
Mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”)	367		419
Total fixed income securities	$	59,857	$	59,044

Fixed income securities are rated by third-party credit rating agencies and/or are internally rated. As of March 31, 2020, 88.9% of the consolidated fixed income securities portfolio was rated investment grade, which is defined as a security having a rating of Aaa, Aa, A or Baa from Moody’s, a rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB from S&P, a comparable rating from another nationally recognized rating agency, or a comparable internal rating if an externally provided rating is not available. Credit ratings below these designations are considered

lower credit quality or below investment grade, which includes high yield bonds. Market prices for certain securities may have credit spreads which imply higher or lower credit quality than the current third-party rating. Our initial investment decisions and ongoing monitoring procedures for fixed income securities are based on a thorough due diligence process which includes, but is not limited to, an assessment of the credit quality, sector, structure, and liquidity risks of each issue.

Investments



Fair value and unrealized net capital gains (losses) for fixed income securities by credit rating
	March 31, 2020
	A and above					BBB					BB
($ in millions)	Fair value		Unrealized gain (loss)			Fair value		Unrealized gain (loss)			Fair value		Unrealized gain (loss)
U.S. government and agencies	$	5,399	$	295		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—
Municipal	8,291		503			369		31			—		—
Corporate
Public	13,809		505			14,864		(78		)	2,420		(195		)
Privately placed	3,932		164			4,735		(58		)	2,026		(122		)
Total corporate	17,741		669			19,599		(136		)	4,446		(317		)
Foreign government	904		27			1		—			6		—
ABS	657		(8		)	113		(5		)	40		(2		)
MBS	71		3			45		—			5		—
Total fixed income securities	$	33,063	$	1,489		$	20,127	$	(110	)	$	4,497	$	(319	)

	B					CCC and lower					Total
	Fair value		Unrealized gain (loss)			Fair value		Unrealized gain (loss)			Fair value		Unrealized gain (loss)
U.S. government and agencies	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	5,399	$	295
Municipal	10		—			39		(7		)	8,709		527
Corporate
Public	551		(73		)	37		(14		)	31,681		145
Privately placed	1,115		(93		)	146		(25		)	11,954		(134		)
Total corporate	1,666		(166		)	183		(39		)	43,635		11
Foreign government	—		—			—		—			911		27
ABS	—		—			26		(1		)	836		(16		)
MBS	4		—			242		65			367		68
Total fixed income securities	$	1,680	$	(166	)	$	490	$	18		$	59,857	$	912

Municipal bonds, including tax exempt and taxable securities, include general obligations of state and local issuers and revenue bonds.

Corporate bonds include publicly traded and privately placed securities. Privately placed securities primarily consist of corporate issued senior debt securities that are directly negotiated with the borrower or are in unregistered form.

ABS includes collateralized debt obligations, consumer and other ABS. Credit risk is managed by monitoring the performance of the underlying collateral. Many of the securities in the ABS portfolio have credit enhancement with features such as overcollateralization, subordinated structures, reserve funds, guarantees and/or insurance.

MBS includes residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) and commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”). RMBS is subject to interest rate risk, but unlike other fixed income securities, is additionally subject to prepayment risk from the underlying residential mortgage loans. RMBS consists of a U.S. Agency portfolio having collateral issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and a non-agency portfolio consisting of securities collateralized by Prime, Alt-A and Subprime loans. CMBS investments are primarily traditional conduit transactions collateralized by commercial mortgage loans, broadly diversified across property types and geographical area.

Equity securities primarily include common stocks, exchange traded and mutual funds, non-redeemable preferred stocks and real estate investment trust equity investments. Certain exchange traded and mutual funds have fixed income securities as their underlying investments.

Mortgage loans mainly comprise loans secured by first mortgages on developed commercial real estate. Key considerations used to manage our exposure include property type and geographic diversification.



Types of properties collateralizing the mortgage loan portfolio
(% of mortgage loan portfolio carrying value)	March 31, 2020
Apartment complex	37.2	%
Office buildings	22.3
Warehouse	15.5
Retail	12.6
Other	12.4
Total	100.0	%

For further detail on our mortgage loan portfolio, see Note 5 of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 83

Investments

Limited partnership interests include $5.78 billion of interests in private equity funds, $1.09 billion of interests in real estate funds and $216 million of interests in other funds as of March 31, 2020. We have commitments to invest additional amounts in limited partnership interests totaling $2.71 billion as of March 31, 2020.



Private equity limited partnerships by sector
(% of carrying value)	March 31, 2020
Industrial	17.1	%
Consumer discretionary	11.6
Consumer staples	11.4
Utilities	10.2
Information technology	9.7
Energy	8.8
Other	31.2
Total	100.0	%



Real estate limited partnerships by sector
(% of carrying value)	March 31, 2020
Residential	27.6	%
Industrial	24.9
Office	13.7
Other	33.8
Total	100.0	%

Other investments include $970 million of direct investments in real estate as of March 31, 2020. The residential, industrial, retail, timber and agriculture sectors comprise 44%, 15%, 14%, 11% and 10%, respectively, of the direct real estate portfolio.



Unrealized net capital gains (losses)
	March 31,			December 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
U.S. government and agencies	$	295		$	115
Municipal	527			540
Corporate	11			1,988
Foreign government	27			11
ABS	(16		)	2
MBS	68			95
Fixed income securities	912			2,751
Derivatives	(3		)	(3		)
EMA limited partnerships	(2		)	(4		)
Unrealized net capital gains and losses, pre-tax	$	907		$	2,744



Gross unrealized gains (losses) on fixed income securities
	March 31,			December 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Gross unrealized gains	$	2,196		$	2,847
Gross unrealized losses	(1,284		)	(96		)
Unrealized net capital gains and losses	$	912		$	2,751

Investments



Gross unrealized gains (losses) on fixed income securities by type and sector
	March 31, 2020
($ in millions)	Amortized cost, net		Gross unrealized					Fair value
($ in millions)	Amortized cost, net		Gains		Losses			Fair value
Corporate:
Energy
Midstream	$	1,697	$	12	$	(238	)	$	1,471
Integrated	468		17		(7		)	478
Independent/upstream	305		1		(118		)	188
Other	207		—		(25		)	182
Total energy	2,677		30		(388		)	2,319
Consumer goods
Cyclical
Automotive	1,524		10		(58		)	1,476
Gaming, lodging and leisure	530		1		(52		)	479
Retailers	1,191		55		(12		)	1,234
Restaurants	456		12		(7		)	461
Other	1,080		15		(44		)	1,051
Total cyclical	4,781		93		(173		)	4,701
Non-cyclical	7,418		245		(80		)	7,583
Total consumer goods	12,199		338		(253		)	12,284
Capital goods	5,092		132		(110		)	5,114
Financial services
Finance companies	594		5		(72		)	527
Life insurance	808		19		(10		)	817
Other	1,166		35		(16		)	1,185
Total financial services	2,568		59		(98		)	2,529
Banking	5,014		79		(89		)	5,004
Utilities	5,679		285		(80		)	5,884
Basic industry	2,032		42		(79		)	1,995
Transportation
Airlines	345		—		(28		)	317
Railroad and other	1,650		79		(12		)	1,717
Total transportation	1,995		79		(40		)	2,034
Technology	3,089		81		(39		)	3,131
Communications	2,996		112		(38		)	3,070
Other	283		5		(17		)	271
Total corporate fixed income portfolio	43,624		1,242		(1,231		)	43,635
U.S. government and agencies	5,104		295		—			5,399
Municipal	8,182		555		(28		)	8,709
Foreign government	884		30		(3		)	911
ABS	852		3		(19		)	836
MBS	299		71		(3		)	367
Total fixed income securities	$	58,945	$	2,196	$	(1,284	)	$	59,857

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 85

Investments



Gross unrealized gains (losses) on fixed income securities by type and sector
	December 31, 2019
($ in millions)	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized					Fair value
			Gains		Losses
Corporate:
Energy
Midstream	$	1,570	$	77	$	(4	)	$	1,643
Integrated	406		32		—			438
Independent/upstream	422		19		(10		)	431
Other	237		11		—			248
Total energy	2,635		139		(14		)	2,760
Consumer goods
Cyclical
Automotive	1,463		42		(1		)	1,504
Gaming, lodging and leisure	596		28		—			624
Retailers	920		52		—			972
Restaurants	390		19		—			409
Other	1,056		49		(3		)	1,102
Total cyclical	4,425		190		(4		)	4,611
Non-cyclical	7,112		316		(1		)	7,427
Total consumer goods	11,537		506		(5		)	12,038
Capital goods	4,945		229		(1		)	5,173
Financial services
Finance companies	582		24		—			606
Life insurance	725		30		—			755
Other	1,169		53		(2		)	1,220
Total financial services	2,476		107		(2		)	2,581
Banking	4,610		143		(14		)	4,739
Utilities	5,197		385		(6		)	5,576
Basic industry	1,897		114		(2		)	2,009
Transportation
Airlines	418		12		—			430
Railroad and other	1,613		120		—			1,733
Total transportation	2,031		132		—			2,163
Technology	2,765		112		(1		)	2,876
Communications	2,721		158		(2		)	2,877
Other	276		10		—			286
Total corporate fixed income portfolio	41,090		2,035		(47		)	43,078
U.S. government and agencies	4,971		141		(26		)	5,086
Municipal	8,080		551		(11		)	8,620
Foreign government	968		16		(5		)	979
ABS	860		8		(6		)	862
MBS	324		96		(1		)	419
Total fixed income securities	$	56,293	$	2,847	$	(96	)	$	59,044

In general, the gross unrealized losses are related to an increase in market yields which may include increased risk-free interest rates and/or wider credit spreads since the time of initial purchase. Similarly, gross unrealized gains reflect a decrease in market yields since the time of initial purchase.

Investments



Equity securities by sector
	March 31, 2020							December 31, 2019
($ in millions)	Cost		Over (under) cost			Fair value		Cost		Over (under) cost		Fair value
($ in millions)	Cost		Over (under) cost			Fair value		Cost		Over (under) cost		Fair value
Energy	$	132	$	(48	)	$	84	$	275	$	15	$	290
Capital goods	171		(28		)	143		331		91		422
Basic industry	52		1			53		135		40		175
REITs	264		3			267		320		60		380
Transportation	38		4			42		81		32		113
Other ⁽¹⁾	1,011		247			1,258		2,322		1,040		3,362
Funds
Bonds	1,446		(56		)	1,390		1,727		62		1,789
Equities	517		(53		)	464		1,377		254		1,631
Total funds	1,963		(109		)	1,854		3,104		316		3,420
Total equity securities	$	3,631	$	70		$	3,701	$	6,568	$	1,594	$	8,162


⁽¹⁾	Other is comprised of the technology, consumer goods, banking, financial services, communications and utilities sectors.



Net investment income
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Fixed income securities	$	525		$	538
Equity securities	6			30
Mortgage loans	60			53
Limited partnership interests	(192		)	9
Short-term investments	17			26
Other	63			63
Investment income, before expense	479			719
Investment expense ^{(1) (2)}	(58		)	(71		)
Net investment income	$	421		$	648

Market-based	675			695
Performance-based	(196		)	24
Investment income, before expense	$	479		$	719


⁽¹⁾	Investment expense includes $13 million and $20 million of investee level expenses in the first quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively. Investee level expenses include asset level operating expenses on directly held real estate and other consolidated investments. Beginning January 1, 2020, depreciation previously included in investee level expenses is reported as realized capital gains or losses.


⁽²⁾	Investment expense includes $6 million and $11 million related to the portion of reinvestment income on securities lending collateral paid to the counterparties in the first quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Net investment income decreased 35.0% or $227 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019, primarily due to lower performance-based investment results, mainly from limited partnership interests.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 87

Investments



Performance-based investment income
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Limited partnerships
Private equity	$	(199	)	$	(5	)
Real estate	7			12
Performance-based - limited partnerships	(192		)	7

Non-limited partnerships
Private equity	(21		)	3
Real estate	17			14
Performance-based - non-limited partnerships	(4		)	17

Total
Private equity	(220		)	(2		)
Real estate	24			26
Total performance-based income before investee level expenses	$	(196	)	$	24

Investee level expenses⁽¹⁾	(12		)	(18		)
Total performance-based income	$	(208	)	$	6


⁽¹⁾	Investee level expenses include asset level operating expenses reported in investment expense. Beginning January 1, 2020, depreciation previously included in investee level expenses is reported as realized capital gains or losses.

Performance-based investment income decreased $214 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to lower valuations of private equity investments in the first quarter, including estimated declines recognized on four underperforming private equity investments totaling $137 million.

In consideration of intervening events during the three months ended March 31, 2020, where information was available to enable updated estimates, we recognized current period declines in the value of limited partnership interests. This included updating publicly traded investments held within limited partnerships to their March 31, 2020 values, which reduced income by $52 million. Additionally, $195 million of valuation increases reported in the fourth quarter 2019 partnership financial statements were excluded from income considering the equity market decline in March 2020.

Performance-based investment results and income can vary significantly between periods and are influenced by economic conditions, equity market performance, comparable public company earnings multiples, capitalization rates, operating performance of the underlying investments and the timing of asset sales. Based on the significant decline in public equity markets in 2020 and the likely impact on economic activity resulting from the Coronavirus pandemic, we anticipate that there will be further declines in performance-based investment income that will be recognized in subsequent periods. We are unable to make a reasonable estimate of the decline in future income at this time and therefore have not recorded an estimate in the financial statements but believe it may be material.

Investments



Components of realized capital gains (losses) and the related tax effect
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Sales ⁽¹⁾	$	388		$	95
Credit losses ⁽²⁾
Fixed income securities	(4		)	(2		)
Mortgage Loans	(41		)	—
Limited partnership interests	(7		)	(1		)
Other investments	(27		)	(11		)
Total credit losses	(79		)	(14		)
Valuation of equity investments - appreciation (decline):
Equity securities	(750		)	553
Limited partnerships ⁽³⁾	(109		)	74
Total valuation of equity investments	(859		)	627
Valuation and settlements of derivative instruments	88			(46		)
Realized capital gains (losses), pre-tax	(462		)	662
Income tax benefit (expense)	96			(138		)
Realized capital gains (losses), after-tax	$	(366	)	$	524

Market-based	(493		)	605
Performance-based	31			57
Realized capital gains (losses), pre-tax	$	(462	)	$	662


⁽¹⁾	Beginning January 1, 2020, depreciation previously included in investee level expenses is reported as realized capital gains or losses.


⁽²⁾	Due to the adoption of the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments accounting standard, realized capital losses previously reported as OTTI impairment write-downs are now presented as credit losses.


⁽³⁾	Relates to limited partnerships where the underlying assets are predominately public equity securities.

Realized capital losses in the three months ended March 31, 2020 related primarily to lower valuation of equity investments, partially offset by gains on sales of fixed income securities.

Sales in the three months ended March 31, 2020 related primarily to fixed income securities in connection with ongoing portfolio management.

Valuation and settlements of derivative instruments in the three months of 2020 primarily comprised of gains on interest rate futures used for asset replication, foreign currency contracts due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar, and equity futures used for risk management.



Realized capital gains (losses) for performance-based investments
	Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2020			2019
Sales ⁽¹⁾	$	10		$	29
Credit losses ⁽²⁾	(8		)	(1		)
Valuation of equity investments	(7		)	25
Valuation and settlements of derivative instruments	36			4
Total performance-based	$	31		$	57


⁽¹⁾	Beginning January 1, 2020, depreciation previously included in investee level expenses is reported as realized capital gains or losses.


⁽²⁾	Due to the adoption of the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments accounting standard, realized capital losses previously reported as OTTI impairment write-downs are now presented as credit losses.

Realized capital gains for performance-based investments in the first quarter of 2020, primarily related to valuation and settlements of derivative instruments.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 89

Capital Resources and Liquidity

See the Coronavirus discussion in the Highlights section of the MD&A.

Capital resources consist of shareholders’ equity and debt, representing funds deployed or available to be deployed to support business operations or for general corporate purposes.



Capital resources
($ in millions)	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Preferred stock, common stock, treasury stock, retained income and other shareholders’ equity items	$	23,615		$	24,048
Accumulated other comprehensive income	558			1,950
Total shareholders’ equity	24,173			25,998
Debt	6,633			6,631
Total capital resources	$	30,806		$	32,629

Ratio of debt to shareholders’ equity	27.4		%	25.5		%
Ratio of debt to capital resources	21.5			20.3

Shareholders’ equity decreased in the first three months of 2020, primarily due to decreased unrealized capital gains on investments, common share repurchases, redemption of preferred stock and dividends paid to shareholders, partially offset by net income. In the three months ended March 31, 2020, we paid dividends of $159 million and $29 million related to our common and preferred shares, respectively.

Debt maturities $250 million of floating rate senior notes are scheduled to mature in March 2021. We do not have any scheduled debt maturities in 2020.



Debt maturities for each of the next five years and thereafter (excluding issuance costs)
($ in millions)
2020	$	—
2021	250
2022	—
2023	750
2024	—
2025	—
Thereafter	5,691
Total long-term debt principal	$	6,691

Common share repurchases In January 2020, we completed the $3.00 billion share repurchase program that commenced in November 2018. In February 2020, the Board authorized a new $3.00 billion common share repurchase program that is expected to be completed by the end of 2021.

In November 2019, we entered into an ASR agreement with Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (“Goldman Sachs”) to purchase $500 million of our outstanding common stock. This ASR agreement settled on January 8, 2020, and we repurchased a total of 4.6 million shares.

As of March 31, 2020, there was $2.75 billion remaining on the $3.00 billion common share repurchase program that is expected to be completed by the end of 2021.

During the first three months of 2020, we repurchased 4.8 million common shares for $511 million.

Common shareholder dividends On January 2, 2020, we paid a common shareholder dividend of $0.50. On February 20, 2020, we declared a common shareholder dividend of $0.54 payable on April 1, 2020.

Redemption of preferred stock On January 15, 2020, we redeemed all 11,500 shares of Fixed Rate Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A and the corresponding depositary shares for $288 million.

For additional detail on this transaction, see Note 10 of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Financial ratings and strength Our ratings are influenced by many factors including our operating and financial performance, asset quality, liquidity, asset/liability management, overall portfolio mix, financial leverage (i.e., debt), exposure to risks such as catastrophes and the current level of operating leverage. The preferred stock and subordinated debentures are viewed as having a common equity component by certain rating agencies and are given equity credit up to a pre-determined limit in our capital structure as determined by their respective methodologies. These respective methodologies consider the existence of certain terms and features in the instruments such as the noncumulative dividend feature in the preferred stock. There have been no changes to any of our ratings from A.M. Best, S&P or Moody’s since December 31, 2019.

Liquidity sources and uses We actively manage our financial position and liquidity levels in light of changing market, economic and business conditions. Liquidity is managed at both the entity and enterprise level across the Company and is assessed on both base and stressed level liquidity needs. We believe we have sufficient liquidity to meet these needs. Additionally, we have existing intercompany agreements in place that facilitate liquidity management across the Company to enhance flexibility.

The Allstate Corporation is party to an Amended and Restated Intercompany Liquidity Agreement (“Liquidity Agreement”) with certain subsidiaries, which include but are not limited to Allstate Life Insurance Company (“ALIC”) and Allstate Insurance Company (“AIC”). The Liquidity Agreement allows for short-term

Capital Resources and Liquidity

advances of funds to be made between parties for liquidity and other general corporate purposes. The Liquidity Agreement does not establish a commitment to advance funds on the part of any party. ALIC and AIC each serve as a lender and borrower, certain other subsidiaries serve only as borrowers, and the Corporation serves only as a lender. AIC also has a capital support agreement with ALIC. Under the capital support agreement, AIC is committed to providing capital to ALIC to maintain an adequate capital level. The maximum amount of potential funding under each of these agreements is $1.00 billion.

In addition to the Liquidity Agreement, the Corporation also has an intercompany loan agreement with certain of its subsidiaries, which include, but are not limited to, AIC and ALIC. The amount of intercompany loans available to the Corporation’s subsidiaries is at the discretion of the Corporation. The maximum amount of loans the Corporation will have outstanding to all its eligible subsidiaries at any given point in time is limited to $1.00 billion. The Corporation may use commercial paper borrowings, bank lines of credit and securities lending to fund intercompany borrowings.

Parent company capital capacity Parent holding company deployable assets totaled $3.41 billion as of March 31, 2020, primarily comprised of cash and investments that are generally saleable within one quarter. The substantial earnings capacity of the operating subsidiaries is the primary source of capital generation for the Corporation.

As of March 31, 2020, we held $8.81 billion of cash, U.S. government and agencies fixed income securities, and public equity securities which we would expect to be able to liquidate within one week.

Intercompany dividends were paid in the first three months of 2020 between the following companies: AIC, Allstate Insurance Holdings, LLC (“AIH”), the Corporation and ALIC.



Intercompany dividends
($ in millions)	March 31, 2020
AIC to AIH	$	2,061
AIH to the Corporation	2,061

Based on the greater of 2019 statutory net income or 10% of statutory surplus, the maximum amount of dividends that AIC will be able to pay, without prior Illinois Department of Insurance approval, at a given point in time in 2020 is estimated at $3.73 billion, less dividends paid during the preceding twelve months measured at that point in time. As of March 31, 2020, we paid dividends of $2.06 billion and the remaining amount of $1.67 billion will become available for payment throughout the remainder of the year.

Dividends may not be paid or declared on our common stock and shares of common stock may not be repurchased unless the full dividends for the latest completed dividend period on our preferred stock have been declared and paid or provided for. We are

prohibited from declaring or paying dividends on our Series G preferred stock if we fail to meet specified capital adequacy, net income or shareholders’ equity levels, except out of the net proceeds of common stock issued during the 90 days prior to the date of declaration. As of March 31, 2020, we satisfied all of the tests with no current restrictions on the payment of preferred stock dividends.

The terms of our outstanding subordinated debentures also prohibit us from declaring or paying any dividends or distributions on our common or preferred stock or redeeming, purchasing, acquiring, or making liquidation payments on our common stock or preferred stock if we have elected to defer interest payments on the subordinated debentures, subject to certain limited exceptions. In the first three months of 2020, we did not defer interest payments on the subordinated debentures.

Additional resources to support liquidity are as follows:

•

The Corporation, AIC and ALIC have access to a $1.00 billion unsecured revolving credit facility that is available for short-term liquidity requirements. The maturity date of this facility is April 2021. The facility is fully subscribed among 11 lenders with the largest commitment being $115 million. The commitments of the lenders are several and no lender is responsible for any other lender’s commitment if such lender fails to make a loan under the facility. This facility contains an increase provision that would allow up to an additional $500 million of borrowing, subject to the lenders’ commitment. This facility has a financial covenant requiring that we not exceed a 37.5% debt to capitalization ratio as defined in the agreement. This ratio was 16.1% as of March 31, 2020. Although the right to borrow under the facility is not subject to a minimum rating requirement, the costs of maintaining the facility and borrowing under it are based on the ratings of our senior unsecured, unguaranteed long-term debt. There were no borrowings under the credit facility during 2020.


•	The Corporation has access to the commercial paper market for short-term borrowings up to $1.00 billion. The combined total amount outstanding at any one point from commercial paper borrowings and the credit facility cannot exceed the amount that can be borrowed under the credit facility. As of March 31, 2020, there were no commercial paper borrowings outstanding.

•

The Corporation has access to a universal shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission that expires in 2021. We can use this shelf registration to issue an unspecified amount of debt securities, common stock (including 585 million shares of treasury stock as of March 31, 2020), preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, stock purchase contracts, stock purchase units and securities of trust subsidiaries. The specific terms of any securities we issue under this registration

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 91

Capital Resources and Liquidity

statement will be provided in the applicable prospectus supplements.

Liquidity exposure Contractholder funds were $17.40 billion as of March 31, 2020.



Contractholder funds by contractual withdrawal provisions
($ in millions)			Percent to total
Not subject to discretionary withdrawal	$	2,677	15.4	%
Subject to discretionary withdrawal with adjustments:
Specified surrender charges ⁽¹⁾	4,714		27.1
Market value adjustments ⁽²⁾	758		4.3
Subject to discretionary withdrawal without adjustments ⁽³⁾	9,255		53.2
Total contractholder funds⁽⁴⁾	$	17,404	100.0	%


⁽¹⁾	Includes $1.38 billion of liabilities with a contractual surrender charge of less than 5% of the account balance.


⁽²⁾	$330 million of the contracts with market value adjusted surrenders have a 30-45 day period at the end of their initial and subsequent interest rate guarantee periods (which are typically 1, 5, 7 or 10 years) during which there is no surrender charge or market value adjustment.


⁽³⁾	89% of these contracts have a minimum interest crediting rate guarantee of 3% or higher.


⁽⁴⁾	Includes $742 million of contractholder funds on variable annuities reinsured to The Prudential Insurance Company of America, a subsidiary of Prudential Financial Inc., in 2006.

Retail life and annuity products may be surrendered by customers for a variety of reasons. Reasons unique to individual customers include a current or unexpected need for cash or a change in life insurance coverage needs. Other key factors that may impact the likelihood of customer surrender include the level of the contract surrender charge, the length of time the contract has been in force, distribution channel, market interest rates, equity market conditions and potential tax implications.

In addition, the propensity for retail life insurance policies to lapse is lower than it is for fixed annuities because of the need for the insured to be re-underwritten upon policy replacement.

The annualized surrender and partial withdrawal rate on deferred fixed annuities and interest-sensitive life insurance products, based on the beginning of year contractholder funds, was 7.5% and 7.0% in the first three months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. We strive to promptly pay customers who request cash surrenders; however, statutory regulations generally provide up to six months in most states to fulfill surrender requests.

Our asset-liability management practices enable us to manage the differences between the cash flows generated by our investment portfolio and the expected cash flow requirements of our life insurance and annuity product obligations.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains “forward-looking statements” that anticipate results based on our estimates, assumptions and plans that are subject to uncertainty. These statements are made subject to the safe-harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and may be identified by their use of words like “plans,” “seeks,” “expects,” “will,” “should,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “believes,” “likely,” “targets” and other words with similar meanings. We believe these statements are based on reasonable estimates, assumptions and plans. If the estimates, assumptions or plans underlying the forward-looking statements prove inaccurate or if other risks or uncertainties arise, actual results could differ materially from those communicated in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements include risks related to:

Insurance and Financial Risks (1) unexpected increases in claim frequency and severity; (2) catastrophes and severe weather events; (3) limitations in analytical models used for loss cost estimates; (4) price competition and changes in underwriting standards; (5) actual claims costs exceeding current reserves; (6) market risk and declines in credit quality of our investment portfolio; (7) our subjective determination of fair value and the amount of realized capital losses recorded for impairments of our investments; (8) the impact of changes in market interest rates or performance-based investment returns on our annuity business; (9) the impact of changes in reserve estimates and amortization of deferred acquisition costs on our life, benefits and annuity businesses; (10) our participation in indemnification programs, including state industry pools and facilities; (11) our ability to mitigate the capital impact associated with statutory reserving and capital requirements; (12) a downgrade in financial strength ratings; (13) changes in tax laws;

Business, Strategy and Operations (14) competition in the insurance industry and new or changing technologies; (15) implementation of our transformative growth plan; (16) our catastrophe management strategy; (17) restrictions on our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends; (18) restrictions under terms of certain of our securities on our ability to pay dividends or repurchase our stock; (19) the availability of reinsurance at current level and prices; (20) counterparty risk related to reinsurance; (21) acquisitions and divestitures of businesses; (22) intellectual property infringement, misappropriation and third-party claims;

Macro, Regulatory and Risk Environment (23) conditions in the global economy and capital and credit markets; (24) a large scale pandemic, such as the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic or COVID-19 and its impacts, or occurrence of terrorism or military actions; (25) the failure in cyber or other information security controls, or the occurrence of events unanticipated in our disaster recovery processes and business continuity planning; (26) changing climate and weather conditions; (27) restrictive regulations and regulatory reforms, including limitations on rate increases and requirements to underwrite business and participate in loss sharing arrangements; (28) losses from legal and regulatory actions; (29) changes in or the application of accounting standards; (30) loss of key vendor relationships or failure of a vendor to protect our data or confidential, proprietary and personal information; (31) our ability to attract, develop and retain key personnel; and (32) misconduct or fraudulent acts by employees, agents and third parties.

Additional information concerning these and other factors may be found in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the “Risk Factors” section in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K. Forward- looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon this evaluation, the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in providing reasonable assurance that material information required to be disclosed in our reports filed with or submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act is made known to management, including the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

First Quarter 2020 Form 10-Q 93

Part II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Information required for Part II, Item 1 is incorporated by reference to the discussion under the heading “Regulation and compliance” and under the heading “Legal and regulatory proceedings and inquiries” in Note 12 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

A pandemic such as the Coronavirus and its impacts were contemplated in the risk factors set forth

under “Item 1A. Risks Factors’’ in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, including the risk factors titled “A large-scale pandemic, the occurrence of terrorism or military actions may have an adverse effect on our business” and “Conditions in the global economy and capital markets could adversely affect our business and results of operations”.

Currently, it is not possible to reliably estimate the length and severity of the pandemic or its impact to our operations, but the effects could be material. See the Coronavirus discussion in the Highlights section of the MD&A.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities



Period	Total number of shares (or units) purchased ⁽¹⁾	Average price paid per share (or unit)		Total number of shares (or units) purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs ⁽³⁾	Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares (or units) that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs ⁽⁴⁾
January 1, 2020 - January 31, 2020
Open Market Purchases	2,045,902	$	116.44	1,592,213
ASR Agreement ⁽²⁾	552,679	$	109.51	552,679
February 1, 2020 - February 29, 2020
Open Market Purchases	1,030,865	$	121.67	680,300
March 1, 2020 - March 31, 2020
Open Market Purchases	1,941,478	$	88.22	1,928,332
Total	5,570,924	$	106.89	4,753,524	$	2.75	billion

⁽¹⁾

In accordance with the terms of its equity compensation plans, Allstate acquired the following shares in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units and performance stock awards and the exercise of stock options held by employees and/or directors. The shares were acquired in satisfaction of withholding taxes due upon exercise or vesting and in payment of the exercise price of the options.

January: 339

February: 350,565

March: 13,146


⁽²⁾	On November 1, 2019, Allstate entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (“ASR agreement”) with Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (“Goldman Sachs”) to purchase $500 million of our outstanding common stock, which settled on January 8, 2020. Under this ASR agreement, we repurchased a total of 4.6 million shares at an average price of $109.51.


⁽³⁾	From time to time, repurchases under our programs are executed under the terms of a pre-set trading plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.


⁽⁴⁾	In February 2020, we announced the approval of a common share repurchase program for $3 billion, which is expected to be completed by the end of 2021.