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Socket Mobile, Inc. – ‘8-K’ for 10/5/00 – EX-2.1

On:  Friday, 10/20/00, at 4:33pm ET   ·   For:  10/5/00   ·   Accession #:  944075-0-30   ·   File #:  1-13810

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  As Of                Filer                Filing    For·On·As Docs:Size

10/20/00  Socket Mobile, Inc.               8-K:5,7    10/05/00    4:205K

Current Report   —   Form 8-K
Filing Table of Contents

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: 8-K         Current Report                                         4     15K 
 2: EX-2.1      Exhibit 2.1 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization      55±   243K 
 3: EX-4.1      Exhibit 4.1 Form of Registration Rights Agreement     15±    68K 
 4: EX-99.1     Exhibit 99.1 Form of Employment Agreement              5±    21K 


EX-2.1   —   Exhibit 2.1 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization
Exhibit Table of Contents

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AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTICLE I THE MERGER 1.1 The Merger 1.2 Effective Time 1.3 Effect of the Merger 1.4 Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws 1.5 Directors and Officers 1.6 Maximum Shares to be Issued 1.7 Conversion of Securities 1.8 Dissenting Shares 1.9 Surrender of Certificates 1.10 No Further Ownership Rights in Company Common Stock 1.11 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates 1.12 Tax and Accounting Consequences 1.13 Taking of Necessary Action; Further Action ARTICLE II REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY 2.1 Organization of the Company 2.2 Company Capital Structure 2.3 Subsidiaries 2.4 Authority 2.5 No Conflict 2.6 Consents 2.7 Company Financial Statements 2.8 No Undisclosed Liabilities 2.9 No Changes 2.10 Tax and Other Returns and Reports 2.11 Restrictions on Business Activities 2.12 Title of Properties; Absence of Liens and Encumbrances 2.13 Intellectual Property 2.14 Agreements, Contracts and Commitments 2.15 Interested Party Transactions 2.16 Compliance with Laws 2.17 Governmental Authorization 2.18 Litigation 2.19 Accounts Receivable 2.20 Insurance 2.21 Minute Books 2.22 Environmental Matters 2.23 Brokers' and Finders' Fees 2.24 Employee Matters and Benefit Plans 2.25 Warranties; Indemnities 2.26 Complete Copies of Materials 2.27 Representations Complete ARTICLE III REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB 3.1 Organization, Standing and Power 3.2 Authority 3.3 Capital Structure 3.4 SEC Documents 3.5 Financial Statements 3.6 Absence Of Undisclosed Liabilities 3.7 Litigation 3.8 Compliance with Laws and Other Instruments 3.9 Brokers' and Finders' Fees 3.10 Consents ARTICLE IV CONDUCT PRIOR TO THE EFFECTIVE TIME 4.1 Conduct of Business of the Company ARTICLE V ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS 5.1 Access to Information 5.2 Confidentiality 5.3 Expenses 5.4 Public Disclosure 5.5 Consents 5.6 FIRPTA Compliance 5.7 Reasonable Efforts 5.8 Notification of Certain Matters 5.9 Certain Benefit Plans 5.10 Additional Documents and Further Assurances 5.11 Registration Statement 5.12 Restrictions on Sales and Other Transfers ARTICLE VI CONDITIONS TO THE MERGER 6.1 Conditions to Obligations of Each Party to Effect the Merger 6.2 Additional Conditions to Obligations of the Company 6.3 Additional Conditions to the Obligations of Parent and Merger Sub ARTICLE VII SURVIVAL OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES; ESCROW 7.1 Survival of Representations and Warranties 7.2 Escrow Arrangements ARTICLE VIII TERMINATION, AMENDMENT AND WAIVER 8.1 Termination 8.2 Effect of Termination ARTICLE IX GENERAL PROVISIONS 9.1 Notices 9.2 Interpretation 9.3 Amendment 9.4 Extension; Waiver 9.5 Counterparts 9.6 Entire Agreement; Assignment 9.7 Severability 9.8 Other Remedies 9.9 Governing Law 9.10 Rules of Construction 9.11 Specific Performance
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AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION This AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION (this "Agreement") is made and entered into as of October 3, 2000 among Socket Communications, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Parent"); 3rd Rail Acquisition Corp., a California corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent ("Merger Sub") and 3rd Rail Engineering, Inc., a California corporation (the "Company"); Paul Hughes, Robert Miller and Thomas Newman (collectively, the "Principal Shareholders"); Paul Hughes as Securityholder Agent (the "Securityholder Agent") and David W. Dunlap, in his capacity as Chief Financial Office of Parent, as Escrow Agent (the "Escrow Agent"). RECITALS A. The Boards of Directors of each of the Company, Parent and Merger Sub believe it is in the best interests of each company and their respective stockholders that Parent acquire the Company through the statutory merger of Merger Sub with and into the Company (the "Merger") and, in furtherance thereof, have approved the Merger. B. Pursuant to the Merger, among other things, and subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company ("Company Capital Stock") shall be converted into the right to receive shares of Common Stock of Parent ("Parent Common Stock"). C. A portion of the shares of Parent Common Stock otherwise issuable by Parent in connection with the Merger shall be placed in escrow by Parent, the release of which amount shall be contingent upon certain events and conditions, all as set forth in Article VII hereof. D. The parties intend that the Merger constitute a "reorganization" within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). E. The Company, Parent, and Merger Sub desire to make certain representations and warranties and other agreements in connection with the Merger. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants, promises and representations set forth herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, intending to be legally bound hereby the parties agree as follows: ARTICLE I THE MERGER 1.1 The Merger. At the Effective Time (as defined in Section 1.2 hereof) and subject to and upon the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the applicable provisions of the California General Corporation Law ("California Law"), Merger Sub shall be merged with and into the Company, the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub shall cease and the Company shall continue as the surviving corporation and as a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent. The surviving corporation after the Merger is sometimes referred to hereinafter as the "Surviving Corporation." 1.2 Effective Time. Unless this Agreement is earlier terminated pursuant to Section 8.1 hereof, the closing of the Merger (the "Closing") will take place as promptly as practicable after the execution and delivery hereof by the parties hereto, but no later than five (5) business days following satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Article VI hereof, at the offices of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation, 650 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, California, unless another time and/or place is mutually agreed upon in writing by Parent and the Company. The date upon which the Closing actually occurs shall be referred to herein as the "Closing Date." On the Closing Date, the parties hereto shall cause the Merger to be consummated by filing a Certificate of Merger (or like instrument) and the accompanying officers' certificates, each in the form reasonably satisfactory to Parent and Company, with the Secretary of State of the State of California (the "Certificate of Merger"), in accordance with the applicable provisions of California Law (the time of acceptance by the Secretary of State of the State of California of such filing shall be referred to herein as the "Effective Time"). 1.3 Effect of the Merger. At the Effective Time, the effect of the Merger shall be as provided in the applicable provisions of California Law. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and subject thereto, at the Effective Time, except as otherwise agreed to pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, all the property, rights, privileges, powers and franchises of the Company and Merger Sub shall vest in the Surviving Corporation, and all debts, liabilities and duties of the Company and Merger Sub shall become the debts, liabilities and duties of the Surviving Corporation. 1.4 Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws (a) Unless otherwise determined by Parent prior to the Effective Time, the articles of incorporation of Merger Sub, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be the articles of incorporation of the Surviving Corporation at the Effective Time until thereafter amended in accordance with California Law and as provided in such articles of incorporation; provided, however, that at the Effective Time, Article I of the Articles of Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation shall be amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows: "The name of the corporation is 3rd Rail Engineering, Inc." (b) Unless otherwise determined by Parent prior to the Effective Time, the bylaws of Merger Sub, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be the bylaws of the Surviving Corporation at the Effective Time until thereafter amended in accordance with California Law and as provided in the articles of incorporation of the Surviving Corporation and such bylaws. 1.5 Directors and Officers (a) Unless otherwise determined by Parent prior to the Effective Time, the directors of Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the directors of the Surviving Corporation immediately after the Effective Time, each to hold the office of director of the Surviving Corporation in accordance with the provisions of California Law and the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the Surviving Corporation until his successor is duly elected and qualified. (b) Unless otherwise determined by Parent prior to the Effective Time, the officers of Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the officers of the Surviving Corporation immediately after the Effective Time, each to hold office in accordance with the provisions of the bylaws of the Surviving Corporation. 1.6 Maximum Shares to be Issued. The maximum number of shares of Parent Common Stock to be issued in exchange for the acquisition by Parent of all outstanding Company Capital Stock (assuming no Dissenting Shares (as defined in Section 1.8 below) shall be the Aggregate Share Number (as defined in Section 1.7(g) below). No adjustment shall be made in the number of shares of Parent Common Stock issued in the Merger as a result of any cash proceeds received by the Company from the date hereof to the Closing Date pursuant to the exercise of options or warrants to acquire Company Capital Stock. 1.7 Conversion of Securities. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, as of the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of Merger Sub, the Company or the holder of any shares of the Company's capital stock, the following shall occur: (a) Conversion of Company Common Stock. Each share of Common Stock of the Company ("Company Common Stock") issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than any shares of Company Common Stock to be canceled pursuant to Section 1.7(b) and any Dissenting Shares (as defined and to the extent provided in Section 1.8(a)) will be canceled and extinguished and be converted automatically into the right to receive that number of shares of Parent Common Stock equal to the Exchange Ratio (as defined in paragraph (g) below), upon surrender of the certificate representing such share of Company Common Stock in the manner provided in Section 1.9; provided, however that up to 10% (rounding down to the nearest whole share) of the Stockholder Amount (as defined in paragraph (g) below) payable to each holder of Company Common Stock (a "Company Shareholder") may be paid in cash at a price per share equal the Average Closing Price (as defined in paragraph (g) below). Such amount that each Company Shareholder elects to be paid in cash shall for each Company Shareholder be referred to herein as the "Cash Election". (b) Cancellation of Parent-Owned and Company-Owned Stock. Each share of Company Capital Stock owned by Merger Sub, Parent, the Company or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Parent or of the Company immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be canceled and extinguished without any conversion thereof. (c) Company Stock Options. Prior to the Effective Time, the Company shall send a notice (the "Option Notice") to all holders of options to purchase Company Capital Stock (the "Company Options"): (i) specifying that such options shall not be assumed in connection with the Merger, (ii) specifying that the vesting restrictions applicable to all options to purchase Company Common Stock outstanding at the time of such notice shall be eliminated such that no vesting restrictions remain thereon effective as of the date such notice is given, (iii) specifying that any Company Options outstanding as of the Effective Time shall terminate and be cancelled at such time, and (iv) setting forth instructions as to how to exercise such Company Options. (d) Capital Stock of Merger Sub. Each share of Common Stock of Merger Sub issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted into and exchanged for one validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable share of Common Stock of the Surviving Corporation. Each stock certificate evidencing ownership of any such shares of Merger Sub shall continue to evidence ownership of such shares of capital stock of the Surviving Corporation. (e) Adjustments to Exchange Ratio. The Exchange Ratio shall be adjusted to reflect fully the effect of any stock split, reverse split, stock dividend (including any dividend or distribution of securities convertible into Parent Common Stock or Company Capital Stock), reorganization, recapitalization or other like change with respect to Parent Common Stock or Company Capital Stock occurring after the date hereof and prior to the Effective Time. (f) Fractional Shares. No fraction of a share of Parent Common Stock will be issued, but in lieu thereof, each holder of shares of Company Capital Stock who would otherwise be entitled to a fraction of a share of Parent Common Stock (after aggregating all fractional shares of Parent Common Stock to be received by such holder) shall be entitled to receive from Parent an amount of cash (rounded to the nearest whole cent) equal to the product of (i) such fraction, multiplied by (ii) Average Closing Price. (g) Definitions. (i) Aggregate Common Number. The "Aggregate Common Number" shall mean the aggregate number of shares of Company Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (assuming the prior exercise or termination of all options to purchase Company Capital Stock). (ii) Aggregate Share Number. The "Aggregate Share Number" shall be a number of shares of Parent Common Stock equal to the quotient derived by dividing (A) $12,000,000 by (B) the Average Closing Price, rounded to the nearest whole number (as appropriately adjusted to reflect the effect of any stock split, stock dividend, reorganization, recapitalization or the like with respect to the Parent Common Stock occurring after the date hereof and prior to the Effective Time). (iii) Average Closing Price. The "Average Closing Price" shall mean the average of the closing prices of one share of Parent Common Stock as reported on the Nasdaq National Market over the twenty trading days ending one day prior to the Closing Date; provided that if such average during the period is: (A) greater than $15.00, then the Average Closing Price shall be $15.00 or (B) less than $12.00, then the Average Closing Price shall be $12.00. (iv) Escrow Amount. The "Escrow Amount" shall be a number of shares of Parent Common Stock obtained by multiplying (x) the aggregate Shareholder Amount for each Principal Shareholder by (y) 0.30. (v) Exchange Ratio. The "Exchange Ratio" shall mean the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the Aggregate Share Number by (y) the Aggregate Common Number. (vi) Shareholder Amount. The "Shareholder Amount" shall mean, for each individual Company Shareholder, that portion of the Aggregate Share Number to which such shareholder is entitled based upon the number of shares of Company Common Stock such Company Shareholder owns immediately prior to the Effective Time multiplied by the Exchange Ratio (rounded down to the nearest whole share) (assuming the prior exercise or termination of all options to purchase Company Capital Stock). 1.8 Dissenting Shares (a) Company shall be solely responsible for giving notice of appraisal or dissenters' rights to its shareholders in a manner consistent with California Law. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement to the contrary, any shares of Company Capital Stock held by a holder who has exercised and perfected appraisal rights for such shares in accordance with California Law and who, as of the Effective Time, has not effectively withdrawn or lost such appraisal rights ("Dissenting Shares") shall not be converted into or represent a right to receive Parent Common Stock pursuant to Section 1.7 hereof, but the holder thereof shall only be entitled to such rights as are provided by California Law. (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 1.8(a) hereof, if any holder of Dissenting Shares shall effectively withdraw or lose (through failure to perfect or otherwise) such holder's appraisal rights under California Law, then, as of the later of the Effective Time and the occurrence of such event, such holder's shares shall automatically be converted into and represent only the right to receive Parent Common Stock pursuant to Section 1.7 hereof, without interest thereon, upon surrender of the certificate representing such shares. (c) The Company shall give Parent (i) prompt notice of any written demand for appraisal received by the Company pursuant to the applicable provisions of California Law, and (ii) the opportunity to participate in all negotiations and proceedings with respect to such demands. The Company shall not, except with the prior written consent of Parent, make any payment with respect to any such demands or offer to settle or settle any such demands. 1.9 Surrender of Certificates. (a) Exchange Agent. Prior to the Effective Time, Parent shall designate a bank or trust company with assets of not less than $100,000,000 to act as exchange agent (the "Exchange Agent") in the Merger. (b) Parent to Provide Common Stock. Promptly after the Effective Time, Parent shall make available to the Exchange Agent, for exchange in accordance with this Article I, the aggregate number of shares of Parent Common Stock issuable pursuant to Section 1.7 in exchange for outstanding shares of Company Capital Stock; provided that, on behalf of the Principal Shareholders, Parent shall deposit into an escrow account a number of shares of Parent Common Stock equal to the Escrow Amount out of the aggregate number of shares of Parent Common Stock otherwise issuable pursuant to Section 1.7. The portion of the Escrow Amount contributed on behalf of each Principal Shareholder shall be in proportion to the Shareholder Amount for each Principal Shareholder. (c) Exchange Procedures. Promptly after the Effective Time, the Surviving Corporation shall cause to be mailed to each holder of record of a certificate or certificates (the "Certificates") that immediately prior to the Effective Time represented outstanding shares of Company Capital Stock whose shares were converted into the right to receive shares of Parent Common Stock pursuant to Section 1.7 (i) a letter of transmittal (which shall specify that delivery shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to the Certificates shall pass, only upon actual delivery of the Certificates to the Exchange Agent and shall be in such form and have such other provisions as Parent may reasonably specify) and (ii) instructions for use in effecting the surrender of the Certificates in exchange for certificates representing shares of Parent Common Stock and the Cash Election, if applicable. Upon surrender of a Certificate for cancellation to the Exchange Agent or to such other agent or agents as may be appointed by Parent, together with such letter of transmittal, duly completed and validly executed in accordance with the instructions thereto, the holder of such Certificate shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor a certificate representing the number of whole shares of Parent Common Stock (less the number of shares of Parent Common Stock to be deposited in the Escrow Fund on each Principal Shareholder's behalf pursuant to Article VII hereof) and the Cash Election, if applicable, plus cash in lieu of fractional shares in accordance with Section 1.7(f), to which such holder is entitled pursuant to Section 1.6, and the Certificate so surrendered shall forthwith be canceled. As soon as practicable after the Effective Time, and subject to and in accordance with the provisions of Article VII hereof, Parent shall cause to be distributed to the Escrow Agent (as defined in Article VII) a certificate or certificates representing that number of shares of Parent Common Stock equal to the Escrow Amount which shall be registered in the name of the Escrow Agent. Such shares shall be beneficially owned by the Company Shareholders on whose behalf such shares were deposited in the Escrow Fund and shall be available to compensate Parent as provided in Article VII. Until so surrendered, each outstanding Certificate that, prior to the Effective Time, represented shares of Company Capital Stock will be deemed from and after the Effective Time, for all corporate purposes, other than the payment of dividends, to evidence the ownership of the number of full shares of Parent Common Stock into which such shares of Company Capital Stock shall have been so converted and the right to receive an amount in cash in lieu of the issuance of any fractional shares in accordance with Section 1.7. (d) Distributions With Respect to Unexchanged Shares. No dividends or other distributions declared or made with respect to Parent Common Stock with a record date after the Effective Time will be paid to the holder of any unsurrendered Certificate with respect to the shares of Parent Common Stock represented thereby until the holder of record of such Certificate shall surrender such Certificate. Subject to applicable law, following surrender of any such Certificate, there shall be paid to the record holder of the certificates representing whole shares of Parent Common Stock issued in exchange therefor, without interest, at the time of such surrender, the amount of dividends or other distributions with a record date after the Effective Time theretofore paid with respect to such shares of Parent Common Stock. (e) Transfers of Ownership. If any Certificate for shares of Parent Common Stock is to be issued in a name other than that in which the Certificate surrendered in exchange therefor is registered, it will be a condition of the issuance thereof that the Certificate so surrendered will be properly endorsed and otherwise in proper form for transfer and that the person requesting such exchange will have paid to Parent or any agent designated by it any transfer or other taxes required by reason of the issuance of a certificate for shares of Parent Common Stock in any name other than that of the registered holder of the Certificate surrendered, or established to the satisfaction of Parent or any agent designated by it that such tax has been paid or is not payable. (f) No Liability. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 1.9, none of the Exchange Agent, the Surviving Corporation or any party hereto shall be liable to a holder of shares of Parent Common Stock or Company Capital Stock for any amount properly paid to a public official pursuant to any applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar law. 1.10 No Further Ownership Rights in Company Common Stock. All shares of Parent Common Stock issued upon the surrender for exchange of shares of Company Capital Stock in accordance with the terms hereof (including any cash paid in respect thereof) shall be deemed to have been issued in full satisfaction of all rights pertaining to such shares of Company Capital Stock, and there shall be no further registration of transfers on the records of the Surviving Corporation of shares of Company Capital Stock which were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time. If, after the Effective Time, Certificates are presented to the Surviving Corporation for any reason, they shall be canceled and exchanged as provided in this Article I. 1.11 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. In the event any Certificates evidencing shares of Company Capital Stock shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, the Exchange Agent shall issue in exchange for such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificates, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the holder thereof and providing an appropriate indemnity therefor, such shares of Parent Common Stock and cash for fractional shares, if any, as may be required pursuant to Section 1.7(f); provided, however, that Parent may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificates to deliver a bond in such sum as it may reasonably direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against Parent or the Exchange Agent with respect to the certificates alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed. 1.12 Tax and Accounting Consequences. It is intended by the parties hereto that the Merger shall (i) constitute a "reorganization" within the meaning of Section 368 of the Code and (ii) be accounted for under purchase accounting. 1.13 Taking of Necessary Action; Further Action. If, at any time after the Effective Time, any such further action is necessary or desirable to carry out the purposes of this Agreement and to vest the Surviving Corporation with full right, title and possession to all assets, property, rights, privileges, powers and franchises of the Company and Merger Sub, the officers and directors of the Company and Merger Sub are fully authorized in the name of their respective corporations or otherwise to take, and shall take, all such lawful and necessary action. ARTICLE II REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY The Company hereby represents and warrants to Parent and Merger Sub, subject to such exceptions as are specifically disclosed in the disclosure schedule (referencing the appropriate section and paragraph numbers) supplied by the Company to Parent (the "Company Disclosure Schedule") and dated as of the date hereof, on the date hereof and as of the Effective Time as though made at the Effective Time as follows (provided that the representations and warranties made as of a specified date shall be true and correct as of such date): 2.1 Organization of the Company. The Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of California. The Company has the corporate power to own its properties and to carry on its business as now being conducted. The Company is duly qualified to do business and in good standing as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction in which the failure to be so qualified would have a material adverse effect on the business, assets (including intangible assets), condition (financial or otherwise), prospects or results of operations (hereinafter referred to as a "Material Adverse Effect") of the Company. The Company has delivered a true and correct copy of its Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, each as amended to date, to Parent. Section 2.1 of the Company Disclosure Schedule lists the directors and officers of the Company. The operations now being conducted by the Company are not now and have never been conducted by the Company under any other name. 2.2 Company Capital Structure. (a) The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of 25,000,000 shares of authorized Common Stock, of which 13,863,700 shares are issued and outstanding. The Company Capital Stock is held by the persons, with the domicile addresses and taxpayer identification numbers, and in the amounts set forth on Section 2.2(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule. All outstanding shares of Company Capital Common Stock are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and not subject to preemptive rights created by statute, the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Company or any agreement to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound. There are no declared or accrued but unpaid dividends with respect to any shares of Company Capital Stock. (b) The Company has reserved 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock for issuance to employees and consultants pursuant to the 2000 Stock Plan (the "Option Plan"), of which no shares are subject to outstanding, unexercised options and 2,576,300 shares remain available for future grant. Section 2.2(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth for each outstanding Company Option the name of the holder of such option, the domicile address and the taxpayer identification number of such holder, the number of shares of Common Stock subject to such option, the exercise price of such option and the vesting schedule for such option, including the extent vested to date and whether the exercisability of such option will be accelerated and become exercisable by the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and whether such option is intended to qualify as an incentive stock option as defined in Section 422 of the Code. Section 2.2(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule also sets forth the name of the holder of any Company Capital Stock subject to a right of repurchase by the Company ("Company Restricted Stock"), the number of shares of Company Restricted Stock and the vesting schedule for such Company Restricted Stock, including the extent vested to date and whether the vesting of such shares of Company Restricted Stock will be accelerated by the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Except for the Company Options described in Section 2.2(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, there are no options, warrants, calls, rights, commitments or agreements of any character, written or oral, to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound obligating the Company to issue, deliver, sell, repurchase or redeem, or cause to be issued, delivered, sold, repurchased or redeemed, any shares of the capital stock of the Company or obligating the Company to grant, extend, accelerate the vesting of, change the price of, otherwise amend or enter into any such option, warrant, call, right, commitment or agreement. The holders of Company Options have been or will be given, or shall have properly waived, any required notice prior to the Merger and all such rights will be terminated at or prior to the Effective Time. Except as contemplated hereby, and with respect to the Principal Stockholders to their knowledge, there are no voting trusts, proxies, or other agreements or understandings with respect to the voting stock of the Company. As a result of the Merger, Parent will be the record and sole beneficial owner of all outstanding capital stock of the Company and rights to acquire or receive Company Capital Stock. 2.3 Subsidiaries. The Company does not have and has never had any subsidiaries or affiliated companies and does not otherwise own and has never otherwise owned any shares of capital stock or any interest in, or control, directly or indirectly, any other corporation, partnership, association, joint venture or other business entity. 2.4 Authority. The Company has all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement and any Related Agreements (as hereinafter defined) to which it is a party and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and any Related Agreements to which it is a party and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company, and no further action is required on the part of the Company to authorize the Agreement, any Related Agreements to which it is or they are a party and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, subject only to the approval of this Agreement by the Company Shareholders. This Agreement and the Merger have been unanimously approved by the Board of Directors of the Company. This Agreement and any Related Agreements to which the Company is a party have been duly executed and delivered by the Company, and assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery by the other parties hereto and thereto, constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company and such Principal Stockholder, as the case may be, enforceable in accordance with their respective terms, subject to the laws of general application relating to bankruptcy, insolvency and the relief of debtors and to rules of law governing specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies. The "Related Agreements" shall mean all such ancillary agreements required in this Agreement to be executed and delivered in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Employment Agreements. 2.5 No Conflict. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and any Related Agreements to which the Company is a party by the Company do not, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby will not, conflict with, or result in any violation of or default under (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both), or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation, modification or acceleration of any obligation or loss of any benefit under (any such event, a "Conflict") (i) any provision of the Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws of the Company, (ii) any mortgage, indenture, lease, contract or other agreement or instrument, permit, concession, franchise or license to which the Company or any of its properties or assets are subject, or (iii) any judgment, order, decree, statute, law, ordinance, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or their respective properties or assets. 2.6 Consents. No consent, waiver, approval, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration or filing with, any court, administrative agency or commission or other federal, state, county, local or other foreign governmental authority, instrumentality, agency or commission ("Governmental Entity") or any third party, including a party to any agreement with the Company (so as not to trigger any Conflict), is required by or with respect to the Company in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and any Related Agreements to which the Company is a party or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, except for (i) such consents, waivers, approvals, orders, authorizations, registrations, declarations and filings as may be required under applicable securities laws thereby, and (ii) the filing of the Merger Agreement with the Secretary of State of the State of California. 2.7 Company Financial Statements. Section 2.7 of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth (i) the Company's unaudited balance sheet as of December 31, 1999 and the related unaudited statements of income and cash flow for the twelve- month period then ended and (ii) the Company's unaudited balance sheet as of August 31, 2000 (the "Current Balance Sheet") and the related unaudited statements of income and cash flow for the eight- month period then ended (collectively, the "Company Financials"). The Company Financials are correct in all material respects and have been prepared using cash basis accounting applied on a basis consistent throughout the periods indicated and consistent with each other. The Company Financials present fairly the financial condition and operating results of the Company as of the dates and during the periods indicated therein, subject to normal year-end adjustments, which will not be material in amount or significance. 2.8 No Undisclosed Liabilities. The Company does not have any liability, indebtedness, obligation, expense, claim, deficiency, guaranty or endorsement of any type, whether accrued, absolute, contingent, matured, unmatured or other (whether or not required to be reflected in financial statements), which individually or in the aggregate (i) has not been reflected in the Current Balance Sheet, or (ii) has not arisen in the ordinary course of the Company's business since August 31, 2000, consistent with past practices. 2.9 No Changes. Except as set forth in Section 2.9 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, since August 31, 2000, there has not been, occurred or arisen any: (a) transaction by the Company except in the ordinary course of business as conducted on that date and consistent with past practices; (b) amendments or changes to the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Company; (c) capital expenditure or commitment by the Company, either individually or in the aggregate, exceeding $10,000 individually or $50,000 in the aggregate; (d) destruction of, damage to or loss of any material assets, business or customer of the Company (whether or not covered by insurance); (e) labor trouble or claim of wrongful discharge or other unlawful labor practice or action; (f) change in accounting methods or practices (including any change in depreciation or amortization policies or rates) by the Company; (g) revaluation by the Company of any of its assets; (h) declaration, setting aside or payment of a dividend or other distribution with respect to the capital stock of the Company, or any direct or indirect redemption, repurchase or other acquisition by the Company of any of its capital stock; (i) increase in the salary or other compensation payable or to become payable by the Company to any of its officers, directors, employees or advisors, or the declaration, payment or commitment or obligation of any kind for the payment, by the Company, of a bonus or other additional salary or compensation to any such person except as otherwise contemplated by this Agreement; (j) sale, lease, license or other disposition of any of the assets or properties of the Company or any creation of any security interest in such assets or properties, except in the ordinary course of business as conducted on that date and consistent with past practices; (k) any material agreement, contract, covenant, instrument, lease, license or commitment to which the Company is a party or by which they or any of its assets are bound or any termination, extension, amendment or modification the terms of any material agreement, contract, covenant, instrument, lease, license or commitment to which the Company is a party or by which it or any of its assets are bound; (l) loan by the Company to any person or entity, incurring by the Company of any indebtedness, guaranteeing by the Company of any indebtedness, issuance or sale of any debt securities of the Company or guaranteeing of any debt securities of others; (m) waiver or release of any right or claim of the Company, including any write-off or other compromise of any account receivable of the Company; (n) the commencement or notice or threat of commencement of any lawsuit or proceeding against or investigation of the Company or its affairs; (o) notice of any claim of ownership by a third party of the Company Intellectual Property (as defined in Section 2.13 below) or of infringement by the Company of any third party's Intellectual Property rights; (p) issuance or sale, or contract to issue or sell, by the Company of any shares of its capital stock or securities exchangeable, convertible or exercisable therefor, or any securities, warrants, options or rights to purchase any of the foregoing, except for options to purchase capital stock of the Company granted to employees of the Company in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice; (q) (i) selling or entering into any license agreement with respect to the Company Intellectual Property with any third party or (ii) buying or entering into any license agreement with respect to the Intellectual Property of any third party; (r) change in pricing or royalties set or charged by the Company to its customers or licensees or in pricing or royalties set or charged by persons who have licensed Intellectual Property to the Company; (s) any event or condition of any character that has or could be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company; or (t) negotiation or agreement by the Company or any officer or employees thereof or by any Principal Shareholder to do any of the things described in the preceding clauses (a) through (s) (other than negotiations with Parent and its representatives regarding the transactions contemplated by this Agreement). 2.10 Tax and Other Returns and Reports. (a) Definition of Taxes. For the purposes of this Agreement, a "Tax" or, collectively, "Taxes", means any and all federal, state, local and foreign taxes, assessments and other governmental charges, duties, impositions and liabilities, including taxes based upon or measured by gross receipts, income, profits, sales, use and occupation, and value added, ad valorem, transfer, franchise, withholding, payroll, recapture, employment, excise and property taxes, together with all interest, penalties and additions imposed with respect to such amounts and any obligations under any agreements or arrangements with any other person with respect to such amounts and including any liability for taxes of a predecessor entity. (b) Tax Returns and Audits. (i) The Company as of the Effective Time will have prepared and filed all required federal, state, local and foreign returns, estimates, information statements and reports ("Returns") relating to any and all Taxes concerning or attributable to the Company or its operations and such Returns are true and correct and have been completed in accordance with applicable law. (ii) The Company as of the Effective Time: (A) will have paid or accrued all Taxes it is required to pay or accrue and (B) will have withheld with respect to its employees all federal and state income taxes, FICA, FUTA and other Taxes required to be withheld. (iii) The Company has not been delinquent in the payment of any Tax nor is there any Tax deficiency outstanding, proposed or assessed against the Company, nor has the Company executed any waiver of any statute of limitations on or extending the period for the assessment or collection of any Tax. (iv) No audit or other examination of any Return of the Company is presently in progress, nor has the Company been notified of any request for such an audit or other examination. (v) The Company does not have any liabilities for unpaid federal, state, local and foreign Taxes which have not been accrued or reserved against in accordance with GAAP on the Current Balance Sheet, whether asserted or unasserted, contingent or otherwise, and the Company has no knowledge of any basis for the assertion of any such liability attributable to the Company, its assets or operations. (vi) The Company has provided to Parent copies of all federal and state income and all state sales and use Tax Returns for all periods since the date of Company's incorporation. (vii) There are (and as of immediately following the Closing there will be) no liens, pledges, charges, claims, security interests or other encumbrances of any sort ("Liens") on the assets of the Company relating to or attributable to Taxes. (viii) The Company has no knowledge of any basis for the assertion of any claim relating or attributable to Taxes which, if adversely determined, would result in any Lien on the assets of the Company. (ix) None of the Company's assets are treated as "tax- exempt use property" within the meaning of Section 168(h) of the Code. (x) As of the Effective Time, there will not be any contract, agreement, plan or arrangement, including but not limited to the provisions of this Agreement, covering any employee or former employee of the Company that, individually or collectively, could give rise to the payment of any amount that would not be deductible pursuant to Section 280G, 404 or 162 of the Code. (xi) The Company has not filed any consent agreement under Section 341(f) of the Code or agreed to have Section 341(f)(2) of the Code apply to any disposition of a subsection (f) asset (as defined in Section 341(f)(4) of the Code) owned by the Company. (xii) The Company is not a party to a tax sharing or allocation agreement nor does the Company owe any amount under any such agreement. (xiii) The Company is not, and has not been at any time, a "United States real property holding corporation" within the meaning of Section 897(c)(2) of the Code. (xiv) The Company's tax basis in its assets for purposes of determining its future amortization, depreciation and other federal income tax deductions is accurately reflected on the Company's tax books and records. (xv) The Company (A) has not been a member of any affiliated group within the meaning of Code Section 1504 or any similar group defined under a similar provision of state, local, or foreign law filing a consolidated federal Income Tax Return (other than a group the common parent of which was the Company) and (B) has no liability for the taxes of any Person (other than any of the Company) under Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6 (or any similar provision of state, local, or foreign law), as a transferee or successor, by contract, or otherwise. (xvi) The Company has not constituted either a "distributing corporation" or a "controlled corporation" in a distribution of stock qualifying for tax-free treatment under Section 355 of the Code (i) in the two years prior to the date of this Agreement or (ii) in a distribution which could otherwise constitute part of a "plan" or "series of related transaction" (within the meaning of Section 355(e) of the Code) that includes the Merger. 2.11 Restrictions on Business Activities. There is no agreement (noncompete or otherwise), commitment, judgment, injunction, order or decree to which the Company is a party or otherwise binding upon the Company which has or may have the effect of prohibiting or impairing any business practice of the Company, any acquisition of property (tangible or intangible) by the Company or the conduct of business by the Company. Without limiting the foregoing, the Company has not entered into any agreement under which the Company is restricted from selling, licensing or otherwise distributing any of its technology or products to or providing services to, customers or potential customers or any class of customers, in any geographic area, during any period of time or in any segment of the market. 2.12 Title of Properties; Absence of Liens and Encumbrances. (a) The Company owns no real property, nor has it ever owned any real property. Section 2.12(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth a list of all real property currently, or at any time in the past, leased by the Company, the name of the lessor, the date of the lease and each amendment thereto and, with respect to any current lease, the aggregate annual rental and/or other fees payable under any such lease. All such current leases are in full force and effect, are valid and effective in accordance with their respective terms, and there is not, under any of such leases, any existing default or event of default (or event which with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute a default). (b) The Company has good and valid title to, or, in the case of leased properties and assets, valid leasehold interests in, all of its tangible properties and assets, real, personal and mixed, used or held for use in its business, free and clear of any Liens, except as reflected in the Current Balance Sheet and except for Liens for Taxes not yet due and payable and such imperfections of title and encumbrances, if any, which are not material in character, amount or extent, and which do not detract from the value, or interfere with the present use, of the property subject thereto or affected thereby. (c) Section 2.12(c) of the Company Disclosure Schedule lists all material items of equipment (the "Equipment") owned or leased by the Company, and such Equipment is (i) sufficient for the conduct of the business of the Company as currently conducted and (ii) in good operating condition, regularly and properly maintained, subject to normal wear and tear. (d) The Company has sole and exclusive ownership, free and clear of any Liens, of all customer files and other customer information relating to customers of the Company's current and former customers (the "Customer Information"). No person other than the Company possesses any claims or rights with respect to use of the Customer Information. 2.13 Intellectual Property. (a) For the purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the following definitions: "Intellectual Property" shall mean any or all of the following and all rights in, arising out of, or associated therewith: (i) all United States and foreign patents and applications therefor and all reissues, divisions, renewals, extensions, provisionals, continuations and continuations-in-part thereof; (ii) all inventions (whether patentable or not), invention disclosures, improvements, trade secrets, proprietary information, know how, technology, technical data and customer lists, and all documentation relating to any of the foregoing; (iii) all copyrights, copyrights registrations and applications therefor and all other rights corresponding thereto throughout the world; (iv) all mask works, mask work registrations and applications therefor; (v) all industrial designs and any registrations and applications therefor throughout the world; (vi) all trade names, logos, common law trademarks and service marks; trademark and service mark registrations and applications therefor and all goodwill associated therewith throughout the world; (vii) all databases and data collections and all rights therein throughout the world; (viii) all computer software including all source code, object code, firmware, development tools, files, records and data, all media on which any of the foregoing is recorded, all Web addresses, sites and domain names; (ix) any similar, corresponding or equivalent rights to any of the foregoing; and (x) all documentation related to any of the foregoing. "Company Intellectual Property" shall mean any Intellectual Property that is owned by or exclusively licensed to the Company. "Registered Intellectual Property" shall mean all United States, international and foreign: (i) patents, patent applications (including provisional applications); (ii) registered trademarks, applications to register trademarks, intent-to-use applications, or other registrations or applications related to trademarks; (iii) registered copyrights and applications for copyright registration; (iv) any mask work registrations and applications to register mask works; and (v) any other Company Intellectual Property that is the subject of an application, certificate, filing, registration or other document issued by, filed with, or recorded by, any state, government or other public legal authority. (b) Section 2.13(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule lists all Registered Intellectual Property owned by, or filed in the name of, the Company (the "Company Registered Intellectual Property") and lists any proceedings or actions before any court, tribunal (including the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the "PTO") or equivalent authority anywhere in the world) related to any of the Company Registered Intellectual Property. (c) Except as set forth in Section 2.13(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, each item of Company Intellectual Property, including all Company Registered Intellectual Property listed in Section 2.13(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule and all Intellectual Property licensed to the Company, is free and clear of any Liens. The Company (i) is the exclusive owner of all trademarks and trade names used in connection with the operation or conduct of the business of the Company, including the sale of any products or technology or the provision of any services by the Company and (ii) owns exclusively, and has good title to, all copyrighted works that are Company products or other works of authorship that the Company otherwise purports to own. (d) To the extent that any Intellectual Property has been developed or created by any person other than the Company for which the Company has, directly or indirectly, paid, the Company has a written agreement with such person with respect thereto, and the Company thereby has obtained ownership of, and is the exclusive owner of, all such Intellectual Property by operation of law or by valid assignment. (e) Except as set forth in Section 2.13(e) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, the Company has not transferred ownership of or granted any license of or right to use or authorized the retention of any rights to use any Intellectual Property that is or was Company Intellectual Property to any other person. (f) The Company Intellectual Property constitutes all the Intellectual Property used in and/or necessary to the conduct of its business as it currently is conducted or is reasonably contemplated to be conducted, including, without limitation, the design, development, manufacture, use, import and sale of the products, technology and services of the Company (including products, technology or services currently under development). (g) Other than "shrink-wrap" and similar widely available commercial end-user licenses, the contracts, licenses and agreements listed in Section 2.13(g) of the Company Disclosure Schedule include all contracts, licenses and agreements to which the Company is a party with respect to any Intellectual Property. No person who has licensed Intellectual Property to the Company has ownership rights or license rights to improvements made by the Company in such Intellectual Property. (h) Section 2.13(h) of the Company Disclosure Schedule lists all contracts, licenses and agreements between the Company and any other person wherein or whereby the Company has agreed to, or assumed, any obligation or duty to warrant, indemnify, reimburse, hold harmless, guaranty or otherwise assume or incur any obligation or liability or provide a right of rescission with respect to the infringement or misappropriation by the Company or such other person of the Intellectual Property of any person other than the Company. (i) The operation of the business of the Company as it currently is conducted or is reasonably contemplated to be conducted, including but not limited to the Company's design, development, use, import, manufacture and sale of the products, technology or services (including products, technology or services currently under development) of the Company does not infringe or misappropriate the Intellectual Property of any person, violate the rights of any person (including rights to privacy or publicity), or constitute unfair competition or trade practices under the laws of any jurisdiction, and the Company has not received notice from any person claiming that such operation or any act, product, technology or service (including products, technology or services currently under development) of the Company infringes or misappropriates the Intellectual Property of any person or constitutes unfair competition or trade practices under the laws of any jurisdiction (nor is the Company aware of any basis therefor). (j) Each item of Company Registered Intellectual Property is valid and subsisting, all necessary registration, maintenance and renewal fees in connection with such Registered Intellectual Property have been paid, and all necessary documents and certificates in connection with such Company Registered Intellectual Property have been filed with the relevant patent, copyright, trademark or other authorities in the United States or foreign jurisdictions, as the case may be, for the purposes of maintaining such Registered Intellectual Property. There are no actions that must be taken by the Company within sixty (60) days of the Closing Date, including the payment of any registration, maintenance or renewal fees or the filing of any documents, applications or certificates for the purposes of maintaining, perfecting or preserving or renewing any Company Intellectual Property. In each case in which the Company has acquired any Intellectual Property rights from any person, the Company has obtained a valid and enforceable assignment sufficient to irrevocably transfer all rights in such Intellectual Property (including the right to seek past and future damages with respect to such Intellectual Property) to the Company and, to the maximum extent provided for by, and in accordance with, applicable laws and regulations, the Company has recorded each such assignment with the relevant governmental authorities, including the PTO, the U.S. Copyright Office, or their respective equivalents in any relevant foreign jurisdiction, as the case may be. (k) There are no contracts, licenses or agreements between the Company and any other person with respect to Company Intellectual Property under which there is any dispute known to the Company regarding the scope of such agreement, or performance under such agreement including with respect to any payments to be made or received by the Company thereunder. (l) To the knowledge of the Company, no person is infringing or misappropriating any Company Intellectual Property. (m) The Company has taken all reasonable steps that are required to protect the Company's rights in confidential information and trade secrets of the Company or provided by any other person to the Company. Without limiting the foregoing, the Company has, and enforces, a policy requiring each employee, consultant and contractor to execute proprietary information, confidentiality and assignment agreements substantially in the Company's standard forms, and all current and former employees, consultants and contractors of the Company have executed such an agreement. (n) No Company Intellectual Property or product, technology or service of the Company is subject to any proceeding or outstanding decree, order, judgment, agreement or stipulation that restricts in any manner the use, transfer or licensing thereof by the Company or may affect the validity, use or enforceability of such Company Intellectual Property. (o) No (i) product, technology, service or publication of the Company (ii) material published or distributed by the Company or (iii) conduct or statement of Company constitutes obscene material, a defamatory statement or material, false advertising or otherwise violates any law or regulation. 2.14 Agreements, Contracts and Commitments. (a) Except as set forth on Section 2.14(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, the Company does not have, is not a party to nor is it bound by: (i) any collective bargaining agreements, (ii) any agreements or arrangements that contain any severance pay or post-employment liabilities or obligations, (iii) any bonus, deferred compensation, pension, profit sharing or retirement plans, or any other employee benefit plans or arrangements, (iv) any employment or consulting agreement, contract or commitment with an employee or individual consultant or salesperson or consulting or sales agreement, contract or commitment with a firm or other organization, (v) any agreement or plan, including, without limitation, any stock option plan, stock appreciation rights plan or stock purchase plan, any of the benefits of which will be increased, or the vesting of benefits of which will be accelerated, by the occurrence of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the value of any of the benefits of which will be calculated on the basis of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (vi) any fidelity or surety bond or completion bond, (vii) any lease of personal property having a value individually in excess of $10,000, (viii) any agreement of indemnification or guaranty, (ix) any agreement, contract or commitment containing any covenant limiting the freedom of the Company to engage in any line of business or to compete with any person, (x) any agreement, contract or commitment relating to capital expenditures and involving future payments in excess of $10,000, (xi) any agreement, contract or commitment relating to the disposition or acquisition of assets or any interest in any business enterprise outside the ordinary course of the Company's business, (xii) any mortgages, indentures, loans or credit agreements, security agreements or other agreements or instruments relating to the borrowing of money or extension of credit, including guaranties referred to in clause (viii) hereof, (xiii) any purchase order or contract for the purchase of raw materials involving $10,000 or more, (xiv) any construction contracts, (xv) any distribution, joint marketing or development agreement, or (xvi) any other agreement, contract or commitment that involves $10,000 or more or is not cancelable without penalty within thirty (30) days. (b) The Company is in compliance with and has not breached, violated or defaulted under, or received notice that it has breached, violated or defaulted under, any of the terms or conditions of any agreement, contract, covenant, instrument, lease, license or commitment to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound (collectively a "Contract"), nor is the Company or any Principal Stockholder aware of any event that would constitute such a breach, violation or default with the lapse of time, giving of notice or both. Each Contract is in full force and effect and is not subject to any default thereunder by any party obligated to the Company pursuant thereto. The Company has obtained, or will obtain prior to the Closing Date, all necessary consents, waivers and approvals of parties to any Contract as are required thereunder in connection with the Merger or for such Contracts to remain in effect without modification after the Closing. Following the Effective Time, the Company will be permitted to exercise all of the Company's rights under the Contracts without the payment of any additional amounts or consideration other than ongoing fees, royalties or payments which the Company would otherwise be required to pay had the transactions contemplated by this Agreement not occurred. 2.15 Interested Party Transactions. Except as set forth on Section 2.15 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, no officer, director or Stockholder of the Company (nor any ancestor, sibling, descendant or spouse of any of such persons, or any trust, partnership or corporation in which any of such persons has or has had an interest), has or has had, directly or indirectly, (i) an interest in any entity which furnished or sold, or furnishes or sells, services, products or technology that the Company furnishes or sells, or proposes to furnish or sell, or (ii) any interest in any entity that purchases from or sells or furnishes to the Company any goods or services or (iii) a beneficial interest in any Contract; provided, that ownership of no more than one percent (1%) of the outstanding voting stock of a publicly traded corporation shall not be deemed an "interest in any entity" for purposes of this Section 2.15. 2.16 Compliance with Laws. The Company has complied in all material respects with, is not in material violation of, and has not received any notices of violation with respect to, any foreign, federal, state or local statute, law or regulation. 2.17 Governmental Authorization. Section 2.17 of the Company Disclosure Schedule accurately lists each consent, license, permit, grant or other authorization issued to the Company by a Governmental Entity (i) pursuant to which the Company currently operates or holds any interest in any of their properties or (ii) which is required for the operation of its business or the holding of any such interest (herein collectively called "Company Authorizations"). The Company Authorizations are in full force and effect and constitute all Company Authorizations required to permit the Company to operate or conduct its business or hold any interest in its properties or assets. 2.18 Litigation. There is no action, suit or proceeding of any nature pending or to the Company's knowledge threatened against the Company, its properties or any of its officers or directors, in their respective capacities as such. To the Company's knowledge, there is no investigation pending or threatened against the Company, its properties or any of its officers or directors by or before any governmental entity. Section 2.18 of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth, with respect to any pending or threatened action, suit, proceeding or investigation, the forum, the parties thereto, the subject matter thereof and the amount of damages claimed or other remedy requested. No Governmental Entity has at any time challenged or questioned the legal right of the Company to manufacture, offer or sell any of its products in the present manner or style thereof. 2.19 Accounts Receivable. (a) The Company has made available to Parent a list of all accounts receivable of the Company ("Accounts Receivable") as of August 31, 2000 along with a range of days elapsed since invoice. (b) All Accounts Receivable of the Company arose in the ordinary course of business and are collectible except to the extent of reserves therefor set forth in the Current Balance Sheet. No person has any Lien on any of such Accounts Receivable and no request or agreement for deduction or discount has been made with respect to any of such Accounts Receivable. 2.20 Insurance. Section 2.20 of the Company Disclosure Schedule contains an accurate summary of the insurance policies currently maintained by the Company. The Company has obtained and maintained in full force and effect insurance with responsible and reputable insurance companies or associations in such amounts, on such terms and covering such risks, including fire and other risks insured against by extended coverage, as is reasonably prudent. With respect to the insurance policies and fidelity bonds covering the assets, business, equipment, properties, operations, employees, officers and directors of the Company, there is no claim by the Company pending under any of such policies or bonds as to which coverage has been questioned, denied or disputed by the underwriters of such policies or bonds. All premiums due and payable under all such policies and bonds have been paid and the Company is otherwise in material compliance with the terms of such policies and bonds (or other policies and bonds providing substantially similar insurance coverage). The Company has no knowledge of any threatened termination of, or material premium increase with respect to, any of such policies. 2.21 Minute Books. The minute books of the Company made available to counsel for Parent are the only minute books of the Company and contain a reasonably accurate summary of all meetings of directors (or committees thereof) and stockholders or actions by written consent since the time of incorporation of the Company. 2.22 Environmental Matters. (i) Hazardous Material. The Company has not: (i) operated any underground storage tanks at any property that the Company has at any time owned, operated, occupied or leased; or (ii) illegally released any material amount of any substance that has been designated by any Governmental Entity or by applicable federal, state or local law to be radioactive, toxic, hazardous or otherwise a danger to health or the environment, including, without limitation, PCBs, asbestos, petroleum, urea-formaldehyde and all substances listed as hazardous substances pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, or defined as a hazardous waste pursuant to the United States Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, as amended, and the regulations promulgated pursuant to said laws, (a "Hazardous Material"), but excluding office and janitorial supplies properly and safely maintained. No Hazardous Materials are present, as a result of the deliberate actions of the Company, or, to the Company's knowledge, as a result of any actions of any third party or otherwise, in, on or under any property, including the land and the improvements, ground water and surface water thereof, that the Company has at any time owned, operated, occupied or leased. (ii) Hazardous Materials Activities. The Company has not transported, stored, used, manufactured, disposed of, released or exposed its employees or others to Hazardous Materials in violation of any law in effect on or before the Closing Date, nor has the Company disposed of, transported, sold, or manufactured any product containing a Hazardous Material (any or all of the foregoing being collectively referred to as "Hazardous Materials Activities") in violation of any rule, regulation, treaty or statute promulgated by any Governmental Entity in effect prior to or as of the date hereof to prohibit, regulate or control Hazardous Materials or any Hazardous Material Activity. (iii) Permits. The Company currently holds all environmental approvals, permits, licenses, clearances and consents (the "Environmental Permits") necessary for the conduct of the Company's Hazardous Material Activities and other businesses of the Company as such activities and businesses are currently being conducted. (iv) Environmental Liabilities. No action, proceeding, revocation proceeding, amendment procedure, writ, injunction or claim is pending, or to the Company's knowledge, threatened concerning any Environmental Permit, Hazardous Material or any Hazardous Materials Activity of the Company. The Company is not aware of any fact or circumstance which could involve the Company in any environmental litigation or impose upon the Company any environmental liability. 2.23 Brokers' and Finders' Fees. The Company has not incurred, nor will it incur, directly or indirectly, any liability for brokerage or finders' fees or agents' commissions or any similar charges in connection with this Agreement or any transaction contemplated hereby. Section 2.23 of the Company Disclosure Schedule sets forth the Company's current reasonable estimate of all Third Party Expenses (as defined in Section 5.3) expected to be incurred by the Company in connection with the negotiation and effectuation of the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. 2.24 Employee Matters and Benefit Plans. (a) Definitions. With the exception of the definition of "Affiliate" set forth in Section 2.24(a)(i) below (which definition shall apply only to this Section 2.24), for purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below: (i) "Affiliate" shall mean any other person or entity under common control with the Company within the meaning of Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder; (ii) "Code" shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended; (iii) "Company Employee Plan" shall mean any plan, program, policy, practice, contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for compensation, severance, termination pay, deferred compensation, performance awards, stock or stock-related awards, fringe benefits or other employee benefits or remuneration of any kind, whether written or unwritten or otherwise, funded or unfunded, including without limitation, each "employee benefit plan," within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA which is or has been maintained, contributed to, or required to be contributed to, by the Company or any Affiliate for the benefit of any Employee, or with respect to which the Company or any Affiliate has or may have any liability or obligation; (iv) "COBRA" shall mean the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended; (v) "DOL" shall mean the Department of Labor; (vi) "Employee" shall mean any current or former employee, consultant or director of the Company or any Affiliate; (vii) "Employee Agreement" shall mean each management, employment, severance, consulting, relocation, repatriation, expatriation, visas, work permit or other agreement, contract or understanding between the Company or any Affiliate and any Employee; (viii) "ERISA" shall mean the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended; (ix) "FMLA" shall mean the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993, as amended; (x) "International Employee Plan" shall mean each Company Employee Plan that has been adopted or maintained by the Company or any Affiliate, whether informally or formally, or with respect to which the Company or any Affiliate will or may have any liability, for the benefit of Employees who perform services outside the United States; (xi) "IRS" shall mean the Internal Revenue Service; (xii) "Multiemployer Plan" shall mean any "Pension Plan" (as defined below) which is a "multiemployer plan," as defined in Section 3(37) of ERISA; (xiii) "PBGC" shall mean the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation; and (xiv) "Pension Plan" shall mean each Company Employee Plan which is an "employee pension benefit plan," within the meaning of Section 3(2) of ERISA. (b) Schedule. Section 2.24(b) of the Company Disclosure Schedule contains an accurate and complete list of each Company Employee Plan and each Employee Agreement under each Company Employee Plan or Employee Agreement. The Company does not have any plan or commitment to establish any new Company Employee Plan or Employee Agreement, to modify any Company Employee Plan or Employee Agreement (except to the extent required by law or to conform any such Company Employee Plan or Employee Agreement to the requirements of any applicable law, in each case as previously disclosed to Parent in writing, or as required by this Agreement), or to enter into any Company Employee Plan or Employee Agreement. (c) Documents. The Company has provided to Parent (i) correct and complete copies of all documents embodying each Company Employee Plan and each Employee Agreement including (without limitation) all amendments thereto and all related trust documents; (ii) the most recent annual actuarial valuations, if any, prepared for each Company Employee Plan; (iii) the three (3) most recent annual reports (Form Series 5500 and all schedules and financial statements attached thereto), if any, required under ERISA or the Code in connection with each Company Employee Plan; (iv) if the Company Employee Plan is funded, the most recent annual and periodic accounting of Company Employee Plan assets; (v) the most recent summary plan description together with the summary(ies) of material modifications thereto, if any, required under ERISA with respect to each Company Employee Plan; (vi) all IRS determination, opinion, notification and advisory letters, and all applications and correspondence to or from the IRS or the DOL with respect to any such application or letter; (vii) all material written agreements and contracts relating to each Company Employee Plan, including, but not limited to, administrative service agreements, group annuity contracts and group insurance contracts; (viii) all communications material to any Employee or Employees relating to any Company Employee Plan and any proposed Company Employee Plans, in each case, relating to any amendments, terminations, establishments, increases or decreases in benefits, acceleration of payments or vesting schedules or other events which would result in any material liability to the Company; (ix) all correspondence to or from any governmental agency relating to any Company Employee Plan; (x) all COBRA forms and related notices; (xi) all policies pertaining to fiduciary liability insurance covering the fiduciaries for each Company Employee Plan; (xii) all discrimination tests for each Company Employee Plan for the most recent plan year; and (xiii) all registration statements, annual reports (Form 11-K and all attachments thereto) and prospectuses prepared in connection with each Company Employee Plan. (d) Employee Plan Compliance. (i) The Company has performed in all material respects all obligations required to be performed by it under, is not in default or violation of, and has no knowledge of any default or violation by any other party to each Company Employee Plan, and each Company Employee Plan has been established and maintained in all material respects in accordance with its terms and in compliance with all applicable laws, statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA or the Code; (ii) each Company Employee Plan intended to qualify under Section 401(a) of the Code and each trust intended to qualify under Section 501(a) of the Code has either received a favorable determination, opinion, notification or advisory letter from the IRS with respect to each such Plan as to its qualified status under the Code, including all amendments to the Code effected by the Tax Reform Act of 1986 and subsequent legislation, or has remaining a period of time under applicable Treasury regulations or IRS pronouncements in which to apply for such a letter and make any amendments necessary to obtain a favorable determination as to the qualified status of each such Company Employee Plan; (iii) no "prohibited transaction," within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code or Sections 406 and 407 of ERISA, and not otherwise exempt under Section 408 of ERISA, has occurred with respect to any Company Employee Plan; (iv) there are no actions, suits or claims pending, or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened or reasonably anticipated (other than routine claims for benefits) against any Company Employee Plan or against the assets of any Company Employee Plan; (v) each Company Employee Plan can be amended, terminated or otherwise discontinued after the Effective Time in accordance with its terms, without liability to the Parent or Surviving Corporation or any of its Affiliates (other than ordinary administration expenses); (vi) there are no audits, inquiries or proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Affiliates, threatened by the IRS or DOL with respect to any Company Employee Plan; and (vii) neither the Company nor any Affiliate is subject to any penalty or tax with respect to any Company Employee Plan under Section 502(i) of ERISA or Sections 4975 through 4980 of the Code. (e) Pension Plan. Neither the Company nor any Affiliate has ever maintained, established, sponsored, participated in, or contributed to, any Pension Plan which is subject to Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code. (f) Multiemployer Plans. At no time has the Company or any Affiliate contributed to or been obligated to contribute to any Multiemployer Plan. (g) No Post-Employment Obligations. Except as set forth in Section 2.24(g) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, no Company Employee Plan provides, or reflects or represents any liability to provide, retiree life insurance, retiree health or other retiree employee welfare benefits to any person for any reason, except as may be required by COBRA or other applicable statute, and the Company has never represented, promised or contracted (whether in oral or written form) to any Employee (either individually or to Employees as a group) or any other person that such Employee(s) or other person would be provided with retiree life insurance, retiree health or other retiree employee welfare benefit, except to the extent required by statute. (h) COBRA etc. Neither the Company nor any Affiliate has, prior to the Effective Time and in any material respect, violated any of the health care continuation requirements of COBRA, the requirements of FMLA, the requirements of the Women's Heath and Cancer Rights Act, the requirements of the Newborns' and Mothers' Health Protection Act of 1996, or any similar provisions of state law applicable to its Employees. (i) Effect of Transaction. (i) Except as set forth on Section 2.24(i) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, the execution of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will not (either alone or upon the occurrence of any additional or subsequent events) constitute an event under any Company Employee Plan, Employee Agreement, trust or loan that will or may result in any payment (whether of severance pay or otherwise), acceleration, forgiveness of indebtedness, vesting, distribution, increase in benefits or obligation to fund benefits with respect to any Employee. (ii) No payment or benefit which will or may be made by the Company or its Affiliates with respect to any Employee as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or otherwise will be characterized as a "parachute payment," within the meaning of Section 280G(b)(2) of the Code (but without regard to clause (ii) thereof). (j) Employment Matters. The Company: (i) is in compliance in all respects with all applicable foreign, federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations respecting employment, employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, in each case, with respect to Employees; (ii) has withheld and reported all amounts required by law or by agreement to be withheld and reported with respect to wages, salaries and other payments to Employees; (iii) is not liable for any arrears of wages or any taxes or any penalty for failure to comply with any of the foregoing; and (iv) is not liable for any payment to any trust or other fund governed by or maintained by or on behalf of any governmental authority, with respect to unemployment compensation benefits, social security or other benefits or obligations for Employees (other than routine payments to be made in the normal course of business and consistent with past practice). There are no pending, threatened or reasonably anticipated claims or actions against the Company under any worker's compensation policy or long-term disability policy. (k) Labor. No work stoppage or labor strike against the Company is pending, threatened or reasonably anticipated. The Company does not know of any activities or proceedings of any labor union to organize any Employees. There are no actions, suits, claims, labor disputes or grievances pending, or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened or reasonably anticipated relating to any labor, safety or discrimination matters involving any Employee, including, without limitation, charges of unfair labor practices or discrimination complaints, which, if adversely determined, would, individually or in the aggregate, result in any material liability to the Company. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has engaged in any unfair labor practices within the meaning of the National Labor Relations Act. The Company is not presently, nor has it been in the past, a party to, or bound by, any collective bargaining agreement or union contract with respect to Employees and no collective bargaining agreement is being negotiated by the Company. (l) International Employee Plan. The Company does not now, nor has it ever had the obligation to, maintain, establish, sponsor, participate in, or contribute to any International Employee Plan. 2.25 Warranties; Indemnities. Except for the warranties and indemnities contained in (i) those contracts and agreements set forth in Section 2.13(g) of the Company Disclosure Schedule and (ii) the Company's shrink wrap license agreements substantially in the form set forth in Section 2.13(d) of the Company Disclosure Schedule, the Company has not given any warranties or indemnities relating to products or technology sold or licensed or services rendered by the Company. 2.26 Complete Copies of Materials. The Company has delivered or made available true and complete copies of each document (or summaries of same) that has been requested by Parent or its counsel. 2.27 Representations Complete. None of the representations or warranties made by the Company (as modified by the Company Disclosure Schedule), nor any statement made in any Schedule or certificate furnished by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, or furnished in or in connection with documents mailed or delivered to the Company Shareholders in connection with soliciting their consent to this Agreement and the Merger, contains or will contain at the Effective Time, any untrue statement of a material fact, or omits or will omit at the Effective Time to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements contained herein or therein, in the light of the circumstances under which made, not misleading. ARTICLE III REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB Parent and Merger Sub represent and warrant, subject to such exception as are disclosed in any of the Parent SEC Documents (as defined below) filed prior to the date hereof, on the date hereof (provided that the representations and warranties made as of a specified date will be true and correct as of such date) as follows: 3.1 Organization, Standing and Power. Parent is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware. Merger Sub is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of California. Each of Parent and Merger Sub has the corporate power to own its properties and to carry on its business as now being conducted and is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the failure to be so qualified would have a material adverse effect on the ability of Parent and Merger Sub to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. 3.2 Authority. Parent and Merger Sub have all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of Parent and Merger Sub. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Parent and Merger Sub and constitutes the valid and binding obligations of Parent and Merger Sub, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by principles of public policy and subject to the laws of general application relating to bankruptcy, insolvency and the relief of debtors and rules of law governing specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies. 3.3 Capital Structure. The authorized capital stock of Parent as of the date hereof is 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 3,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock. As of October 2, 2000, there are 21,942,282 issued and outstanding shares of Parent's Common Stock and no issued and outstanding shares of Parent's Preferred Stock. All such issued and outstanding shares have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable, and were issued in compliance with all applicable state and federal laws concerning the issuance of securities. Parent has: (i) reserved 118,048 shares of its Common Stock for issuance under Parent's 1993 Stock Plan, 3,411,788 shares of its Common Stock for issuance under Parent's 1995 Stock Plan and 912,918 shares of its Common Stock for issuance under Parent's 1999 Stock Plan, each to its employees, consultants, directors or officers of which options for an aggregate of 3,219,529 shares are outstanding as of October 2, 2000 and (ii) reserved 1,068,272 shares of its Common Stock for issuance upon exercise of outstanding warrants as of October 2, 2000. 3.4 SEC Documents. Parent has filed timely all required reports, proxy statements, registration statements, forms and other documents with the SEC on or after January 1, 1998 (the "Parent SEC Documents"). As of their respective dates, and giving effect to any amendments thereto, (a) the Parent SEC Documents complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as the case may be, and the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder and (b) none of the Parent SEC Documents at the time filed (or if amended or superceded by a filing prior to the date of this Agreement, then on the date of such filing) contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. 3.5 Financial Statements. (a) The financial statements of Parent (including, in each case, any notes and schedules thereto) included in the Parent SEC Documents (a) were prepared from the books and records of the Parent, (b) complied as to form in all material respects with all applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto, (c) are in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), applied on a consistent basis (except in the case of unaudited statements, as otherwise permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC and described in the Notes included therewith) during the periods involved and (d) fairly present, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Parent as of the dates thereof and the results of their operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments which are not expected to be, individually or in the aggregate, material in amount). (b) The unaudited consolidating income statement of the Company for the six-month period ended June 30, 2000 and balance sheet as of such date that are filed with the Parent SEC Documents (including any notes and schedules thereto): (i) were prepared from the books and records of the Company and its Subsidiaries, (ii) are in conformity with GAAP, applied on a consistent basis (except for the absence of explanatory footnotes) during the period involved, and (iii) fairly present, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of the date thereof and the results of their operations for the periods then ended (subject to normal year-end audit adjustments which are not expected to be, individually or in the aggregate, material in amount). 3.6 Absence Of Undisclosed Liabilities. Except as set forth in the Parent SEC Documents filed prior to the date of this Agreement, and except for liabilities and obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business since June 30, 2000, Parent has no liabilities or obligations of any nature (whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise) except for those that would not, in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Parent. 3.7 Litigation. Other than that which is disclosed in the Parent SEC documents, there is no litigation, action, suit, proceeding or governmental investigation pending or, to the knowledge of Parent, threatened against Parent or its predecessor or affecting any of Parent's properties or assets, which in any manner challenges or seeks to prevent, enjoin, alter or materially delay the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. 3.8 Compliance with Laws and Other Instruments. Neither the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement, nor the transactions contemplated herein, with or without the giving of notice or passage of time, or both, will violate, or result in any breach of, or constitute a default under, or result in the imposition of any encumbrance in any material respect upon any asset of Parent pursuant to any provision of Parent's Certificate of Incorporation, or any other material agreement or instrument by which Parent is bound or to which Parent or any of its properties are subject. 3.9 Brokers' and Finders' Fees. Neither Parent nor Merger Sub has incurred, nor will it incur, directly or indirectly, any liability for brokerage or finders' fees or agents' commissions or any similar charges in connection with this Agreement or any transaction contemplated hereby. 3.10 Consents. No consent, waiver, approval, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration or filing with, any court, administrative agency or commission or other federal, state, county, local or other foreign governmental authority, instrumentality, agency or commission ("Governmental Entity") or any third party, including a party to any agreement with the Parent, is required by or with respect to the Parent or Merger Sub in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and any Related Agreements to which the Parent or the Merger Sub is a party or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, except for (i) such consents, waivers, approvals, orders, authorizations, registrations, declarations and filings as may be required under applicable securities laws hereby, and (ii) the filing of the Merger Agreement with the Secretary of Sate of the State of California. ARTICLE IV CONDUCT PRIOR TO THE EFFECTIVE TIME 4.1 Conduct of Business of the Company. During the period from the date of this Agreement and continuing until the earlier of the termination of this Agreement and the Effective Time, the Company and the Principal Stockholders agree (except to the extent that the other shall otherwise consent in writing), to carry on its business in the usual, regular and ordinary course in substantially the same manner as heretofore conducted, to pay its debts and Taxes when due, to pay or perform other obligations when due, and, to the extent consistent with such business, use all reasonable efforts consistent with past practice and policies to preserve intact its present business organization, keep available the services of its present officers and key employees and preserve their relationships with customers, suppliers, distributors, licensors, licensees, and others having business dealings with it, all with the goal of preserving unimpaired its goodwill and ongoing businesses at the Effective Time. The Company shall promptly notify Parent of any event or occurrence or emergency not in the ordinary course of its business, and any material event involving it. Except as expressly contemplated by this Agreement, the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of Parent: (a) Enter into any commitment or transaction not in the ordinary course of business. (b) (i) Sell or enter into any license agreement with respect to the Company Intellectual Property with any person or entity or (ii) buy or enter into any license agreement with respect to the Intellectual Property of any person or entity; (c) Transfer to any person or entity any rights to the Company's Intellectual Property (other than pursuant to end user licenses in the ordinary course of business); (d) Enter into or amend any agreements pursuant to which any other party is granted marketing, distribution or similar rights of any type or scope with respect to any products or technology of the Company; (e) Enter into or amend any Contract pursuant to which any other party is granted marketing, distribution or similar rights of any type or scope with respect to any products or technology of the Company; (f) Amend or otherwise modify (or agree to do so), except in the ordinary course of business, or violate the terms of, any of the Contracts set forth or described in the Company Disclosure Schedule; (g) Commence any litigation; (h) Declare, set aside or pay any dividends on or make any other distributions (whether in cash, stock or property) in respect of any of its capital stock, or split, combine or reclassify any of its capital stock or issue or authorize the issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for shares of capital stock of the Company, or repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire, directly or indirectly, any shares of its capital stock (or options, warrants or other rights exercisable therefor); (i) Except for the issuance of shares of Company Capital Stock upon exercise or conversion of currently outstanding Company Options or warrants, issue, grant, deliver or sell or authorize or propose the issuance, grant, delivery or sale of, or purchase or propose the purchase of, any shares of its capital stock or securities convertible into, or subscriptions, rights, warrants or options to acquire, or other agreements or commitments of any character obligating it to issue any such shares or other convertible securities; (j) Cause or permit any amendments to its Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; (k) Acquire or agree to acquire by merging or consolidating with, or by purchasing any assets or equity securities of, or by any other manner, any business or any corporation, partnership, association or other business organization or division thereof, or otherwise acquire or agree to acquire any assets which are material, individually or in the aggregate, to the business of the Company; (l) Sell, lease, license or otherwise dispose of any of its properties or assets, except in the ordinary course of business; (m) Incur any indebtedness for borrowed money or guarantee any such indebtedness or issue or sell any debt securities of the Company or guarantee any debt securities of others; (n) Grant any loans to others or purchase debt securities of others or amend the terms of any outstanding loan agreement; (o) Grant any severance or termination pay (i) to any director or officer or (ii) to any other employee except payments made pursuant to standard written agreements outstanding on the date hereof and disclosed in the Company Disclosure Schedule; (p) Adopt or amend any employee benefit plan, or enter into any employment contract, pay or agree to pay any special bonus or special remuneration to any director or employee, or increase the salaries or wage rates of its employees; (q) Revalue any of its assets, including without limitation writing down the value of inventory or writing off notes or accounts receivable other than in the ordinary course of business; (r) Accelerate the vesting of any options, warrants, restricted stock or other rights to acquire shares of the capital stock of the Company; (s) Pay, discharge or satisfy, in an amount in excess of $10,000 (in any one case) or $25,000 (in the aggregate), any claim, liability or obligation (absolute, accrued, asserted or unasserted, contingent or otherwise), other than the payment, discharge or satisfaction in the ordinary course of business of liabilities reflected or reserved against in the Company Financial Statements (or the notes thereto); (t) Make or change any material election in respect of Taxes, adopt or change any accounting method in respect of Taxes, enter into any closing agreement, settle any claim or assessment in respect of Taxes, or consent to any extension or waiver of the limitation period applicable to any claim or assessment in respect of Taxes; (u) Enter into any strategic alliance or joint marketing arrangement or agreement; (v) Hire or terminate employees or encourage employees to resign other than in the ordinary course of business; (w) Take, or agree in writing or otherwise to take, any of the actions described in Sections 4.1(a) through (v) above, or any other action that would prevent the Company from performing or cause the Company not to perform its covenants hereunder. ARTICLE V ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS 5.1 Access to Information. The Company shall afford Parent and its accountants, counsel and other representatives, reasonable access during normal business hours during the period prior to the Effective Time to (a) all of the Company's properties, books, contracts, commitments and records, (b) all other information concerning the business, properties and personnel (subject to restrictions imposed by applicable law) of the Company as Parent may reasonably request and (c) all key employees of the Company as identified by Parent. The Company agrees to provide to Parent and its accountants, counsel and other representatives copies of internal financial statements (including by returns and supporting documentation) promptly upon request. Parent shall provide the Company with copies of such publicly available information about Parent as the Company may request. No information or knowledge obtained in any investigation pursuant to this Section 5.2 shall affect or be deemed to modify any representation or warranty contained herein or the conditions to the obligations of the parties to consummate the Merger. 5.2 Confidentiality. Each of the parties hereto hereby agrees to keep such information or knowledge obtained in any investigation pursuant to Section 5.1, or pursuant to the negotiation and execution of this Agreement or the effectuation of the transactions contemplated hereby, confidential; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not apply to information or knowledge which (a) a party can demonstrate was already lawfully in its possession prior to the disclosure thereof by the other party, (b) is generally known to the public and did not become so known through any violation of law, (c) became known to the public through no fault of such party, (d) is later lawfully acquired by such party from other sources, (e) is required to be disclosed by order of court or government agency with subpoena powers or (f) which is disclosed in the course of any litigation between any of the parties hereto. 5.3 Expenses. Whether or not the Merger is consummated, all fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Merger including, without limitation, all legal, accounting, financial advisory, consulting and all other fees and expenses of third parties ("Third Party Expenses") incurred by a party in connection with the negotiation and effectuation of the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, shall be the obligation of the respective party incurring such fees and expenses. The Principal Shareholders shall be jointly and severally liable, and neither Parent nor the Surviving Corporation shall have any liability for any Third Party Expenses attributable to the Company or the Principal Shareholders except for the Third Party Expenses incurred by the Company. 5.4 Public Disclosure. Unless otherwise required by law, prior to the Effective Time, no disclosure (whether or not in response to an inquiry) of the subject matter of this Agreement shall be made by any party hereto unless approved by Parent and the Company prior to release. 5.5 Consents. The Company shall use its best efforts to obtain the consents, waivers and approvals under any of the Contracts as may be required in connection with the Merger (all of such consents, waivers and approvals are set forth in Company Disclosures) so as to preserve all rights of, and benefits to the Company thereunder. 5.6 FIRPTA Compliance. On the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver to Parent a properly executed statement in a form reasonably acceptable to Parent for purposes of satisfying Parent's obligations under Treasury Regulation Section 1.1445-2(c)(3). 5.7 Reasonable Efforts. Subject to the terms and conditions provided in this Agreement, each of the parties hereto shall use its reasonable efforts to take promptly, or cause to be taken, all actions, and to do promptly, or cause to be done, all things necessary, proper or advisable under applicable laws and regulations to consummate and make effective the transactions contemplated hereby to obtain all necessary waivers, consents and approvals and to effect all necessary registrations and filings and to remove any injunctions or other impediments or delays, legal or otherwise, in order to consummate and make effective the transactions contemplated by this Agreement for the purpose of securing to the parties hereto the benefits contemplated by this Agreement; provided that Parent shall not be required to agree to any divestiture by Parent or the Company or any of Parent's subsidiaries or affiliates of shares of capital stock or of any business, assets or property of Parent or its subsidiaries or affiliates or the Company or its affiliates, or the imposition of any material limitation on the ability of any of them to conduct their businesses or to own or exercise control of such assets, properties and stock. 5.8 Notification of Certain Matters. Each party shall give prompt notice to the other parties of (i) the occurrence or non-occurrence of any event, the occurrence or non-occurrence of which is likely to cause any representation or warranty contained in this Agreement to be untrue or inaccurate at or prior to the Effective Time and (ii) any failure to comply with or satisfy any covenant, condition or agreement to be complied with or satisfied by it hereunder; provided, however, that the delivery of any notice pursuant to this Section 5.8 shall not limit or otherwise affect any remedies available to the party receiving such notice. No disclosure, however, shall be deemed to amend or supplement the Company Disclosure Schedule or prevent or cure any misrepresentations, breach of warranty or breach of covenant. 5.9 Certain Benefit Plans. Parent shall keep the existing benefit programs of the Company available to eligible employees of the Company after the Effective Time until such time Parent elects to terminate such plans provided that Parent shall thereafter, take such reasonable actions as are necessary to allow eligible employees of the Company to participate in the benefit programs of Parent, or alternative benefits programs substantially comparable to those applicable to employees of Parent on similar terms. 5.10 Additional Documents and Further Assurances. Each party hereto, at the request of another party hereto, shall execute and deliver such other instruments and do and perform such other acts and things as may be necessary or desirable for effecting completely the consummation of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. 5.11 Registration Statement. Subject to certain limitations set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A, (i) Parent shall, at Parent's own expense, use reasonable commercial efforts to file, no later than 90 days after the Closing Date and in any event as soon as reasonably practicable, a registration statement (the "Registration Statement") under the Securities Act to provide for resale by the Company Shareholders of the shares of Parent Common Stock constituting the merger consideration and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such Registration Statement to become effective as promptly as practicable thereafter. The rights and obligations of the Company Shareholders and Parent in respect of the Registration Statement shall be as set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement. Notwithstanding anything herein or in the Registration Rights Agreement, in the event that all of the shares of Parent Common Stock issued to a Company Shareholder can be sold by such person in a single three month period in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act, Parent shall have no obligation to cause such shares to continue to be registered. 5.12 Restrictions on Sales and Other Transfers. (a) General Restrictions. Except as otherwise provided in Section 5.12(b) or as otherwise consented to in writing by Parent in its absolute discretion, until the two year anniversary after the Closing Date, the Company Shareholders shall not (x) effect an offer, pledge, sale, contract of sale, short sale, sale of any option or contract to purchase, purchase of any option or contract to sell, grant of any option, right or warrant to purchase, gift or other transfer or disposition of, directly or indirectly, any of the shares of Parent Common Stock issued to them upon consummation of the Merger as part of the Shareholder Amount or (y) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers all or a portion of the economic consequences associated with the ownership of the applicable Shareholder Amount (regardless of whether any of the transactions described in clause (x) or (y) (each, a "Disposition") are to be settled by the delivery of the shares consisting of the Shareholder Amount, or such other securities, in cash or otherwise). Parent shall be authorized to cause its transfer agent to decline to transfer and/or to note stop transfer restrictions on the transfer books and records of Parent with respect to any of the shares constituting the Shareholder Amount. (b) Sequential Lapse of Restrictions. Initially, each Company Shareholder shall have the right to make a Disposition of up to 20% of the applicable Shareholder Amount less the amount of any Company Shareholder's Cash Election. Upon the one year anniversary of the Closing Date, each Company Shareholder shall have the right to make a Disposition of an additional 25% of the applicable Shareholder Amount and upon the 18 month anniversary of the Closing Date each Company Shareholder shall have the right to make a Disposition of an additional 25% of the applicable Shareholder Amount. The restrictions set forth in this Section 5.12 shall cease to apply on the two-year anniversary of the Closing Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing: (i) if at any time, a Company Shareholder voluntarily terminates his/her employment with Parent (other than for death or disability), any unsold Shareholder Amount held by such Company Shareholder shall not be eligible for Disposition until the three-year anniversary of the Closing Date and (ii) if Parent terminates the employment of any Company Shareholder other than for Cause (as such term is defined in the form of Employment Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit B) or if Employee terminates due to death or disability, all restrictions on Disposition of such Company Shareholder's Shareholder Amount shall lapse; provided, however, in no event shall the provisions of this Section 5.12 disturb the creation, operation and distribution of the Escrow Fund as contemplated in Article VII hereof. (c) Certificates. The certificates representing the Shareholder Amounts shall bear a legend, in addition to any other legend required hereunder, referring to the restrictions set forth in this Section 5.12; provided, however, at Parent's discretion, Parent may issue without legend certificates representing the portion of the Shareholder Amounts that may be subject to a Disposition during the initial period. At a Company Shareholder's written request, Parent will remove the legends required by this Section 5.12 at any time after the applicable restrictive period has lapsed. ARTICLE VI CONDITIONS TO THE MERGER 6.1 Conditions to Obligations of Each Party to Effect the Merger. The respective obligations of each party to this Agreement to effect the Merger shall be subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing of the following conditions: (a) Stockholder Approval. This Agreement and the Merger shall have been approved and adopted by the stockholders of the Company by the requisite vote under applicable law and the Company's Articles of Incorporation. (b) No Injunctions or Restraints; Illegality. No temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other order issued by any court of competent jurisdiction or other legal or regulatory restraint or prohibition preventing the consummation of the Merger shall be in effect. 6.2 Additional Conditions to Obligations of the Company. The obligations of the Company to consummate the Merger and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing of each of the following conditions, any of which may be waived, in writing, exclusively by the Company: (a) Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of Parent and Merger Sub contained in this Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects on and as of the Effective Time, except for changes contemplated by this Agreement and except for those representations and warranties which address matters only as of a particular date (which shall remain true and correct as of such date), with the same force and effect as if made on and as of the Effective Time, except, in all such cases, for such breaches, inaccuracies or omissions of such representations and warranties which have neither had nor reasonably would be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Parent; and the Company shall have received a certificate to such effect signed on behalf of Parent by a duly authorized officer of Parent; (b) Agreements and Covenants. Parent and Merger Sub shall have performed or complied in all material respects with all agreements and covenants required by this Agreement to be performed or complied with by them on or prior to the Effective Time, and the Company shall have received a certificate to such effect signed by a duly authorized officer of Parent. (c) Material Adverse Change. There shall not have occurred any material adverse change in the business, assets (including intangible assets), condition (financial or otherwise) or results of operations of Parent since August 31, 2000. (d) Registration Rights Agreement. Concurrent with the execution of this Agreement, Parent shall enter into a Registration Rights Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A for the benefit of the Company Shareholders. 6.3 Additional Conditions to the Obligations of Parent and Merger Sub. The obligations of Parent and Merger Sub to consummate the Merger and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing of each of the following conditions, any of which may be waived, in writing, exclusively by Parent: (a) Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of the Company contained in this Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects on and as of the Effective Time, except for changes contemplated by this Agreement and except for those representations and warranties which address matters only as of a particular date (which shall remain true and correct as of such date), with the same force and effect as if made on and as of the Effective Time, except, in all such cases, for such breaches, inaccuracies or omissions of such representations and warranties which have neither had nor reasonably would be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company or Parent; and Parent and Merger Sub shall have received a certificate to such effect signed on behalf of the Company by a duly authorized officer of the Company; (b) Agreements and Covenants. The Company shall have performed or complied in all material respects with all agreements and covenants required by this Agreement to be performed or complied with by it on or prior to the Effective Time, and Parent and Merger Sub shall have received a certificate to such effect signed by a duly authorized officer of the Company; (c) Third Party Consents. Parent shall have been furnished with evidence satisfactory to it that the Company has obtained the consents, approvals and waivers set forth in Section 6.3(c) of the Company Disclosure Schedule. (d) Material Adverse Change. There shall not have occurred any material adverse change in the business, assets (including intangible assets) condition (financial or otherwise) or results of operations of the Company since August 31, 2000. (e) New Employment Arrangements. Each of the Principal Shareholders shall have executed employment agreements substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B. A minimum of six (6) additional employees from the list of Company employees in Exhibit C hereto shall have entered into "at-will" employment arrangements with Parent and/or the Surviving Corporation pursuant to the form of offer letter attached hereto as Exhibit D, shall have agreed to be employees of Parent after the Closing and shall be employees of the Company immediately prior to the Effective Time. (f) No Dissenters. Holders of more than 2% of the outstanding shares of Company Capital Stock shall not have exercised, nor shall they have any continued right to exercise, appraisal, dissenters' or similar rights under applicable law with respect to their shares by virtue of the Merger. (g) Termination of Options. Parent shall have received evidence that as of the Effective Time each unexercised Company Option and warrant shall have been terminated to the satisfaction of Parent. (h) Opinion of Company Counsel. Parent shall have received an opinion of Landrum & Company, counsel to the Company, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit E and dated as of the Closing Date. (i) Shareholder Certificate. Each of the Company Shareholders shall have executed and delivered a Shareholder Certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit F. ARTICLE VII SURVIVAL OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES; ESCROW 7.1 Survival of Representations and Warranties. All of the Company's representations and warranties in this Agreement or in any instrument delivered pursuant to this Agreement (each as modified by the Company Disclosure Schedule) and all of Parent's representations and warranties in this Agreement or in any instrument delivered pursuant to this Agreement (each as modified by the Parent SEC Documents) shall survive the Merger and continue until the 11:59 p.m. California time on the date which is two years following the date of this Agreement (the "Expiration Date"). 7.2 Escrow Arrangements. (a) Escrow Fund. At the Effective Time, the Principal Shareholders shall be deemed to have received and deposited with the Escrow Agent (as defined below) the Escrow Amount (plus any additional shares as may be issued upon any stock split, stock dividend or recapitalization effected by Parent after the Effective Time) without any act of any shareholder. As soon as practicable after the Effective Time, the Escrow Amount, without any act of any shareholder, will be deposited with David W. Dunlap, in his capacity as Chief Financial Officer of Parent, (or other institution or individual acceptable to Parent and the Securityholder Agent (as defined in Section 7.2(h) below)) as Escrow Agent (the "Escrow Agent"), such deposit to constitute an escrow fund (the "Escrow Fund") to be governed by the terms set forth herein and at Parent's cost and expense. The portion of the Escrow Amount contributed on behalf of each Principal Shareholder shall be in proportion to each Principal Shareholder's Shareholder Amount. (b) Indemnification. The Principal Shareholders hereby, severally and not jointly, indemnify Parent, its officers, directors and affiliates for any claims, losses, liabilities, damages, deficiencies, costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses, and expenses of investigation and defense (hereinafter individually a "Loss" and collectively "Losses") incurred by Parent, its officers, directors, or affiliates (including the Surviving Corporation) directly or indirectly as a result of (i) any inaccuracy or breach of a representation or warranty of the Company contained in this Agreement, or (ii) any failure by the Company to perform or comply with any covenant contained herein, which shall be satisfied exclusively through the Escrow Fund, except that no portion of the Escrow Fund shall be available to satisfy any claim arising from death of a Shareholder, failure of a Shareholder to continue employment with Parent or breach of Section 6.3(f) hereof. Parent and the Company each acknowledge that such Losses, if any, would relate to unresolved contingencies existing at the Effective Time, which if resolved at the Effective Time would have led to a reduction in the Aggregate Share Number. Nothing herein shall limit the liability of the Company for any breach of any representation, warranty or covenant if the Merger does not close. (c) Escrow Period; Distribution upon Termination of Escrow Periods. Subject to the following requirements, the Escrow Fund shall be in existence immediately following the Effective Time and shall terminate at 11:59 p.m., California time, on the Expiration Date (the "Escrow Period"); provided that the Escrow Period shall not terminate with respect to such amount (or some portion thereof) if in a reasonable judgment of Parent, subject to the objection of the Securityholder Agent and the subsequent arbitration of the matter in the manner provided in Section 7.2(f) hereof, such amount (or some portion thereof) together with the aggregate amount remaining in the Escrow Fund is necessary to satisfy any unsatisfied claims specified in any Officer's Certificate delivered to the Escrow Agent prior to termination of such Escrow Period with respect to facts and circumstances existing prior to the termination of such Escrow Period. As soon as all such claims have been resolved, the Escrow Agent shall deliver to the Principal Shareholders the remaining portion of the Escrow Fund and not required to satisfy such claims. Deliveries of Escrow Amounts to the Principal Shareholders pursuant to this Section 7.2(b) shall be made in proportion to their respective original contributions to the Escrow Fund. (d) Protection of Escrow Fund. (i) The Escrow Agent shall hold and safeguard the Escrow Fund during the Escrow Period, shall treat such fund as a trust fund in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and not as the property of Parent and shall hold and dispose of the Escrow Fund only in accordance with the terms hereof. (ii) Any shares of Parent Common Stock or other equity securities issued or distributed by Parent (including shares issued upon a stock split) ("New Shares") in respect of Parent Common Stock in the Escrow Fund which have not been released from the Escrow Fund shall be added to the Escrow Fund and become a part thereof. New Shares issued in respect of shares of Parent Common Stock which have been released from the Escrow Fund shall not be added to the Escrow Fund but shall be distributed to the recordholders thereof. Cash dividends on Parent Common Stock shall not be added to the Escrow Fund but shall be distributed currently to the recordholders thereof. (iii) Each Principal Shareholder shall have voting rights with respect to the shares of Parent Common Stock contributed to the Escrow Fund by such Principal Shareholder (and on any voting securities added to the Escrow Fund in respect of such shares of Parent Common Stock). (e) Claims Upon Escrow Fund. (i) Upon receipt by the Escrow Agent at any time on or before the last day of the Escrow Period of a certificate signed by any officer of Parent (an "Officer's Certificate"): (A) stating that Parent has paid or properly accrued or reasonably anticipates that it will have to pay or accrue Losses, and (B) specifying in reasonable detail the individual items of Losses included in the amount so stated, the date each such item was paid or properly accrued, or the basis for such anticipated liability, and the nature of the misrepresentation, breach of warranty or covenant to which such item is related, the Escrow Agent shall, subject to the provisions of Section 7.2(e) hereof, deliver to Parent out of the Escrow Fund, as promptly as practicable, shares of Parent Common Stock held in the Escrow Fund in an amount equal to such Losses. (ii) For the purposes of determining the number of shares of Parent Common Stock to be delivered to Parent out of the Escrow Fund pursuant to Section 7.2(d)(i) hereof, the shares of Parent Common Stock shall be valued at the Average Closing Price. Parent and the Securityholder Agent shall certify such fair market value in a certificate signed by both Parent and the Securityholder Agent, and shall deliver such certificate to the Escrow Agent. (f) Objections to Claims. At the time of delivery of any Officer's Certificate to the Escrow Agent, a duplicate copy of such certificate shall be delivered to the Securityholder Agent and for a period of thirty (30) days after such delivery, the Escrow Agent shall make no delivery to Parent of any Escrow Amounts pursuant to Section 7.2(d) hereof unless the Escrow Agent shall have received written authorization from the Agent to make such delivery. After the expiration of such thirty (30) day period, the Escrow Agent shall make delivery of shares of Parent Common Stock from the Escrow Fund in accordance with Section 7.2(d) hereof, provided that no such payment or delivery may be made if the Securityholder Agent shall object in a written statement to the claim made in the Officer's Certificate, and such statement shall have been delivered to the Escrow Agent prior to the expiration of such thirty (30) day period. (g) Resolution of Conflicts; Arbitration. (i) In case the Securityholder Agent shall so object in writing to any claim or claims made in any Officer's Certificate, the Securityholder Agent and Parent shall attempt in good faith to agree upon the rights of the respective parties with respect to each of such claims. If the Securityholder Agent and Parent should so agree, a memorandum setting forth such agreement shall be prepared and signed by both parties and shall be furnished to the Escrow Agent. The Escrow Agent shall be entitled to rely on any such memorandum and distribute shares of Parent Common Stock from the Escrow Fund in accordance with the terms thereof. (ii) If no such agreement can be reached after good faith negotiation, either Parent or the Securityholder Agent may demand arbitration of the matter unless the amount of the damage or loss is at issue in pending litigation with a third party, in which event arbitration shall not be commenced until such amount is ascertained or both parties agree to arbitration; and in either such event the matter shall be settled by arbitration conducted by three arbitrators. Parent and the Securityholder Agent shall each select one arbitrator, and the two arbitrators so selected shall select a third arbitrator. The arbitrators shall set a limited time period and establish procedures designed to reduce the cost and time for discovery while allowing the parties an opportunity, adequate in the sole judgment of the arbitrators, to discover relevant information from the opposing parties about the subject matter of the dispute. The arbitrators shall rule upon motions to compel or limit discovery and shall have the authority to impose sanctions, including attorneys fees and costs, to the extent as a court of competent law or equity, should the arbitrators determine that discovery was sought without substantial justification or that discovery was refused or objected to without substantial justification. The decision of a majority of the three arbitrators as to the validity and amount of any claim in such Officer's Certificate shall be binding and conclusive upon the parties to this Agreement, and notwithstanding anything in Section 7.2(e) hereof, the Escrow Agent shall be entitled to act in accordance with such decision and make or withhold payments out of the Escrow Fund in accordance therewith. Such decision shall be written and shall be supported by written findings of fact and conclusions which shall set forth the award, judgment, decree or order awarded by the arbitrators. (iii) Judgment upon any award rendered by the arbitrators may be entered in any court having jurisdiction. Any such arbitration shall be held in Santa Clara County, California under the rules then in effect of the American Arbitration Association. The arbitrators shall have the power, in their discretion, to determine that the party is the prevailing party in the arbitration. The non-prevailing party to an arbitration shall pay its own expenses, the fees of each arbitrator, the administrative fee of the American Arbitration Association, and the expenses, including without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs, incurred by the other party to the arbitration. In the event the arbitrators choose not to determine a prevailing party, then each party shall pay its own expenses, and the parties shall each pay one-half of the fees of each arbitrator and such administrative fees. (h) Securityholder Agent of the Company Shareholders; Power of Attorney. (i) In the event that the Merger is approved, effective upon such vote, and without further act of any shareholder, Paul Hughes shall be appointed as agent and attorney-in-fact (the "Securityholder Agent") for each of the Company Shareholders (except such shareholders, if any, as shall have perfected their appraisal rights under California Law), for and on behalf of Company Shareholders, to give and receive notices and communications, to authorize delivery to Parent of shares of Parent Common Stock from the Escrow Fund in satisfaction of claims by Parent, to object to such deliveries, to agree to, negotiate, enter into settlements and compromises of, and demand arbitration and comply with orders of courts and awards of arbitrators with respect to such claims, and to take all actions necessary or appropriate in the judgment of Securityholder Agent for the accomplishment of the foregoing. Such agency may be changed by the Company Shareholders from time to time upon not less than thirty (30) days prior written notice to Parent; provided that the Securityholder Agent may not be removed unless holders of a two-thirds interest of the Escrow Fund agree to such removal and to the identity of the substituted agent. No bond shall be required of the Securityholder Agent, and the Securityholder Agent shall not receive compensation for his or her services. Notices or communications to or from the Securityholder Agent shall constitute notice to or from each of the Company Shareholders. (ii) The Securityholder Agent shall not be liable for any act done or omitted hereunder as Securityholder Agent while acting in good faith and in the exercise of reasonable judgment. The Principal Shareholders on whose behalf the Escrow Amount was contributed to the Escrow Fund shall severally indemnify the Securityholder Agent and hold the Securityholder Agent harmless against any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on the part of the Securityholder Agent and arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the Securityholder Agent's duties hereunder, including the reasonable fees and expenses of any legal counsel retained by the Securityholder Agent. (i) Actions of the Securityholder Agent. A decision, act, consent or instruction of the Securityholder Agent shall constitute a decision of all the shareholders for whom a portion of the Escrow Amount otherwise issuable to them are deposited in the Escrow Fund and shall be final, binding and conclusive upon each of such shareholders, and the Escrow Agent and Parent may rely upon any such decision, act, consent or instruction of the Securityholder Agent as being the decision, act, consent or instruction of each every such shareholder of the Company. The Escrow Agent and Parent are hereby relieved from any liability to any person for any acts done by them in accordance with such decision, act, consent or instruction of the Securityholder Agent. (j) Third-Party Claims. In the event Parent becomes aware of a third-party claim which Parent believes may result in a demand against the Escrow Fund, Parent shall notify the Securityholder Agent of such claim, and the Securityholder Agent, as representative for the Principal Shareholders, shall be entitled, at their expense, to participate in any defense of such claim. Parent shall have the right in its sole discretion to settle any such claim; provided, however, that except with the consent of the Securityholder Agent, no settlement of any such claim with third-party claimants shall alone be determinative of the amount of any claim against the Escrow Fund. In the event that the Securityholder Agent has consented to any such settlement, the Securityholder Agent shall have no power or authority to object under any provision of this Article VII to the amount of any claim by Parent against the Escrow Fund with respect to such settlement. (k) Escrow Agent's Duties. (i) The Escrow Agent shall be obligated only for the performance of such duties as are specifically set forth herein, and as set forth in any additional written escrow instructions which the Escrow Agent may receive after the date of this Agreement which are signed by an officer of Parent and the Securityholder Agent, and may rely and shall be protected in relying or refraining from acting on any instrument reasonably believed to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties. The Escrow Agent shall not be liable for any act done or omitted hereunder as Escrow Agent while acting in good faith and in the exercise of reasonable judgment, and any act done or omitted pursuant to the advice of counsel shall be conclusive evidence of such good faith. (ii) The Escrow Agent is hereby expressly authorized to disregard any and all warnings given by any of the parties hereto or by any other person, excepting only orders or process of courts of law, and is hereby expressly authorized to comply with and obey orders, judgments or decrees of any court. In case the Escrow Agent obeys or complies with any such order, judgment or decree of any court, the Escrow Agent shall not be liable to any of the parties hereto or to any other person by reason of such compliance, notwithstanding any such order, judgment or decree being subsequently reversed, modified, annulled, set aside, vacated or found to have been entered without jurisdiction. (iii) The Escrow Agent shall not be liable in any respect on account of the identity, authority or rights of the parties executing or delivering or purporting to execute or deliver this Agreement or any documents or papers deposited or called for hereunder. (iv) The Escrow Agent shall not be liable for the expiration of any rights under any statute of limitations with respect to this Agreement or any documents deposited with the Escrow Agent. (v) In performing any duties under the Agreement, the Escrow Agent shall not be liable to any party for damages, losses, or expenses, except for gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the Escrow Agent. The Escrow Agent shall not incur any such liability for (A) any act or failure to act made or omitted in good faith, or (B) any action taken or omitted in reliance upon any instrument, including any written statement of affidavit provided for in this Agreement that the Escrow Agent shall in good faith believe to be genuine, nor will the Escrow Agent be liable or responsible for forgeries, fraud, impersonations, or determining the scope of any representative authority. In addition, the Escrow Agent may consult with the legal counsel in connection with Escrow Agent's duties under this Agreement and shall be fully protected in any act taken, suffered, or permitted by him/her in good faith in accordance with the advice of counsel. The Escrow Agent is not responsible for determining and verifying the authority of any person acting or purporting to act on behalf of any party to this Agreement. (vi) If any controversy arises between the parties to this Agreement, or with any other party, concerning the subject matter of this Agreement, its terms or conditions, the Escrow Agent will not be required to determine the controversy or to take any action regarding it. The Escrow Agent may hold all documents and shares of Parent Common Stock and may wait for settlement of any such controversy by final appropriate legal proceedings or other means as, in the Escrow Agent's discretion, the Escrow Agent may require, despite what may be set forth elsewhere in this Agreement. In such event, the Escrow Agent will not be liable for damage. Furthermore, the Escrow Agent may at its option, file an action of interpleader requiring the parties to answer and litigate any claims and rights among themselves. The Escrow Agent is authorized to deposit with the clerk of the court all documents and shares of Parent Common Stock held in escrow, except all cost, expenses, charges and reasonable attorney fees incurred by the Escrow Agent due to the interpleader action and which the parties jointly and severally agree to pay. Upon initiating such action, the Escrow Agent shall be fully released and discharged of and from all obligations and liability imposed by the terms of this Agreement. (vii) The parties and their respective successors and assigns agree jointly and severally to indemnify and hold Escrow Agent harmless against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, and expenses, including reasonable costs of investigation, counsel fees, and disbursements that may be imposed on Escrow Agent or incurred by Escrow Agent in connection with the performance of his/her duties under this Agreement, including but not limited to any litigation arising from this Agreement or involving its subject matter. (viii) The Escrow Agent may resign at any time upon giving at least thirty (30) days written notice to the parties; provided, however, that no such resignation shall become effective until the appointment of a successor escrow agent which shall be accomplished as follows: the parties shall use their best efforts to mutually agree on a successor escrow agent within thirty (30) days after receiving such notice. If the parties fail to agree upon a successor escrow agent within such time, the Escrow Agent shall have the right to appoint a successor escrow agent authorized to do business in the state of California. The successor escrow agent shall execute and deliver an instrument accepting such appointment and it shall, without further acts, be vested with all the estates, properties, rights, powers, and duties of the predecessor escrow agent as if originally named as escrow agent. The Escrow Agent shall be discharged from any further duties and liability under this Agreement. (l) Fees. All fees of the Escrow Agent for performance of its duties hereunder shall be paid by Parent. It is understood that the fees and usual charges agreed upon for services of the Escrow Agent shall be considered compensation for ordinary services as contemplated by this Agreement. In the event that the conditions of this Agreement are not promptly fulfilled, or if the Escrow Agent renders any service not provided for in this Agreement, or if the parties request a substantial modification of its terms, or if any controversy arises, or if the Escrow Agent is made a party to, or intervenes in, any litigation pertaining to this escrow or its subject matter, the Escrow Agent shall be reasonably compensated for such extraordinary services and reimbursed for all costs, attorney's fees, and expenses occasioned by such default, delay, controversy or litigation. Parent promises to pay these sums upon demand. ARTICLE VIII TERMINATION, AMENDMENT AND WAIVER 8.1 Termination. Except as provided in Section 8.2 below, this Agreement may be terminated and the Merger abandoned at any time prior to the Effective Time: (a) by mutual consent of the Company and Parent; (b) by Parent if there shall be any action taken, or any statute, rule, regulation or order enacted, promulgated or issued or deemed applicable to the Merger by any Governmental Entity, which would: (i) prohibit Parent's or the Company's ownership or operation of all or a portion of the business of the Company or (ii) compel Parent or the Company to dispose of or hold separate all or a portion of the business or assets of the Company or Parent as a result of the Merger; (c) by Parent if it is not in material breach of its obligations under this Agreement and there has been a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement contained in this Agreement on the part of the Company and (i) such breach has not been cured within five (5) business days after written notice to the Company (provided that, no cure period shall be required for a breach which by its nature cannot be cured), and (ii) as a result of such breach the conditions set forth in Section 6.3(a) or 6.3(b), as the case may be, would not then be satisfied; (d) by the Company if it is not in material breach of its obligations under this Agreement and there has been a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement contained in this Agreement on the part of Parent or Merger Sub and (i) such breach has not been cured within five (5) business days after written notice to Parent (provided that, no cure period shall be required for a breach which by its nature cannot be cured), and (ii) as a result of such breach the conditions set forth in Section 6.2(a) or 6.2(b), as the case may be, would not then be satisfied. Where action is taken to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 8.1, it shall be sufficient for such action to be authorized by the Board of Directors (as applicable) of the party taking such action. 8.2 Effect of Termination. In the event of termination of this Agreement as provided in Section 8.1, this Agreement shall forthwith become void and there shall be no liability or obligation on the part of Parent, Merger Sub or the Company, or their respective officers, directors or stockholders, provided that each party shall remain liable for any breaches of this Agreement prior to its termination; and provided further that the provisions of Sections 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4 and Articles VIII and IX of this Agreement and paragraph 5 of the letter of understanding between the parties dated September 11, 2000 shall remain in full force and effect and survive any termination of this Agreement. ARTICLE IX GENERAL PROVISIONS 9.1 Notices. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given if delivered personally or by commercial delivery service, or mailed by registered or certified mail (return receipt requested) or sent via facsimile (with acknowledgment of complete transmission) to the parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified by like notice): (a) if to Parent or Merger Sub, to: Socket Communications, Inc. 37400 Central Court Newark, CA 94560 Attention: David W. Dunlap Telephone No.: (510) 744-2700 Facsimile No.: (510) 744-2727 with a copy to: Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C. 650 Page Mill Road Palo Alto, California 94304 Attention: Herbert P. Fockler, Esq. Telephone No.: (650) 493-9300 Facsimile No.: (650) 493-6811 (b) if to the Company, to: 3rd Rail Engineering, Inc. 39889 Balentine Drive Suite 160 Newark, California 94560 Attention: Paul Hughes Telephone No.: (510) 623-8808 Facsimile No.: (510) 623-7223 with a copy to: Landrum & Company 333 W. Santa Clara St., Suite 606 San Jose, CA 95113 Attention: Jay Landrum Telephone No.: (408) 278-1600 Facsimile No.: (408) 278-8608 (c) if to the Securityholder Agent: 3rd Rail Engineering, Inc. 39889 Balentine Drive Suite 160 Newark, California 94560 Attention: Paul Hughes Telephone No.: (510) 623-8808 Facsimile No.: (510) 623-7223 (d) if to the Escrow Agent: Socket Communications, Inc. 37400 Central Court Newark, CA 94560 Attention: Chief Financial Officer Telephone No.: (510) 744-2700 Facsimile No.: (510) 744-2727 9.2 Interpretation. The words "include," "includes" and "including" when used herein shall be deemed in each case to be followed by the words "without limitation." The table of contents and headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. 9.3 Amendment. This Agreement may be amended by the parties hereto at any time by execution of an instrument in writing signed on behalf of each of the parties hereto. 9.4 Extension; Waiver . At any time prior to the Closing, Parent, on the one hand, and the Company, on the other hand, may, to the extent legally allowed, (i) extend the time for the performance of any of the obligations of the other party hereto, (ii) waive any inaccuracies in the representations and warranties made to such party contained herein or in any document delivered pursuant hereto, and (iii) waive compliance with any of the agreements or conditions for the benefit of such party contained herein. 9.5 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the parties and delivered to the other party, it being understood that all parties need not sign the same counterpart. 9.6 Entire Agreement; Assignment. This Agreement, the schedules and Exhibits hereto, and the documents and instruments and other agreements among the parties hereto referenced herein: (a) constitute the entire agreement among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof; (b) are not intended to confer upon any other person any rights or remedies hereunder; and (c) shall not be assigned by operation of law or otherwise except as otherwise specifically provided, except that Parent and Merger Sub may assign their respective rights and delegate their respective obligations hereunder to their respective affiliates. 9.7 Severability. In the event that any provision of this Agreement or the application thereof, becomes or is declared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of this Agreement will continue in full force and effect and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances will be interpreted so as reasonably to effect the intent of the parties hereto. The parties further agree to replace such void or unenforceable provision of this Agreement with a valid and enforceable provision that will achieve, to the extent possible, the economic, business and other purposes of such void or unenforceable provision. 9.8 Other Remedies. Except as otherwise provided herein, any and all remedies herein expressly conferred upon a party will be deemed cumulative with and not exclusive of any other remedy conferred hereby, or by law or equity upon such party, and the exercise by a party of any one remedy will not preclude the exercise of any other remedy. 9.9 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California, regardless of the laws that might otherwise govern under applicable principles of conflicts of laws thereof. Each of the parties hereto irrevocably consents to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of any court within Santa Clara, State of California, in connection with any matter based upon or arising out of this Agreement or the matters contemplated herein, agrees that process may be served upon them in any manner authorized by the laws of the State of California for such persons and waives and covenants not to assert or plead any objection which they might otherwise have to such jurisdiction, venue and such process. 9.10 Rules of Construction. The parties hereto agree that they have been represented by counsel during the negotiation and execution of this Agreement and, therefore, waive the application of any law, regulation, holding or rule of construction providing that ambiguities in an agreement or other document will be construed against the party drafting such agreement or document. 9.11 Specific Performance. The parties hereto agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that the parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions hereof in any court of the United States or any state having jurisdiction, this being in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Parent, Merger Sub, the Company, the Principal Shareholder, the Securityholder Agent and the Escrow Agent (as to matters set forth in Article VII only) have caused this Agreement to be signed by their duly authorized respective officers, all as of the date first written above. SOCKET COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 3RD RAIL ENGINEERING, INC. By: /s/ David W. Dunlap By: /s/ Paul T. Hughes Name: Name: Title: Chief Financial Officer Title: President 3RD RAIL ACQUISITION CORP. PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS By: /s/ David W. Dunlap By: /s/ Paul T. Hughes Name: Name: Title: President By: /s/ Robert J. Miller Name: By: /s/ Thomas J. Newman Name: SECURITYHOLDER AGENT ESCROW AGENT By: /s/ Pual T. Hughes By: /s/ David W. Dunlap Name: Name: Title: Agent Title: Escrow Agent
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AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION BY AND AMONG SOCKET COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 3RD RAIL ACQUISITION CORP. AND 3RD RAIL ENGINEERING, INC. Dated as of October 3, 2000
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INDEX OF EXHIBITS Exhibit Description --------- ------------------------------------- Exhibit A Form of Registration Rights Agreement Exhibit B Form of Employment Agreement Exhibit C List of Company Employees Exhibit D Form of Offer Letter Exhibit E Form of Opinion of Landrum & Company Exhibit F Form of Shareholder Certificate </PAGE>

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