SEC Info - RPM International Inc./DE - ‘10-K’ for 5/31/21

2020

2019

Net Sales

i 6,106,288

i 5,506,994

i 5,564,551

Cost of Sales

i 3,701,129

i 3,414,139

i 3,476,231

Gross Profit

i 2,405,159

i 2,092,855

i 2,088,320

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

i 1,664,026

i 1,548,653

i 1,596,043

Restructuring Expense

i 18,106

i 33,108

i 42,310

Goodwill and Other Intangible Asset Impairments

i 4,190

Interest Expense

i 85,400

i 101,003

i 102,392

Investment (Income), Net

( i 44,450

)

( i 9,739

)

( i 730

)

Other Expense, Net

i 13,639

i 12,066

i 4,270

Income Before Income Taxes

i 668,438

i 407,764

i 339,845

Provision for Income Taxes

i 164,938

i 102,682

i 72,158

Net Income

i 503,500

i 305,082

i 267,687

Less: Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

i 857

i 697

i 1,129

Net Income Attributable to RPM International Inc. Stockholders

i 502,643

i 304,385

i 266,558

Average Number of Shares of Common Stock Outstanding:

Basic

i 128,334

i 128,468

i 130,552

Diluted

i 128,927

i 129,974

i 134,333

Earnings per Share of Common Stock Attributable to RPM International Inc.

Stockholders:

Basic

i 3.89

i 2.35

i 2.03

Diluted

i 3.87

i 2.34

i 2.01

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(In thousands)

Year Ended May 31,

2020

2019

Net Income

i 503,500

i 305,082

i 267,687

Other Comprehensive Income, Before Tax:

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments

i 148,492

( i 71,839

)

( i 73,594

)

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Liability Adjustments

Net Gain (Loss) Arising During the Period

i 88,958

( i 109,358

)

( i 87,525

)

Prior Service Cost Arising During the Period

i 893

i 22

Less: Amortization of Prior Service (Credit) Included in Net Periodic

Pension Cost

( i 309

)

( i 246

)

( i 132

)

Less: Amortization of Net Loss and Settlement Recognition

i 33,344

i 21,176

i 14,848

Effect of Exchange Rates on Amounts Included for Pensions

( i 8,009

)

i 1,188

i 2,002

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Liability Adjustments

i 113,984

( i 86,347

)

( i 70,785

)

Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-For-Sale Securities

Unrealized Holding Gains (Losses) During the Period

( i 593

)

i 1,210

i 458

Less: Reclassification Adjustments for Losses (Gains) Included in

Net Income

( i 268

)

i 1,626

Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-For-Sale Securities

( i 861

)

i 1,210

i 2,084

Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives

( i 31,087

)

( i 6,315

)

i 4,713

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Before Tax

i 230,528

( i 163,291

)

( i 137,582

)

Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Related to Components of Other

Comprehensive Income

( i 27,783

)

i 23,403

i 19,068

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), After Tax

i 202,745

( i 139,888

)

( i 118,514

)

Comprehensive Income

i 706,245

i 165,194

i 149,173

Less: Comprehensive Income Attributable to Noncontrolling

Interests

i 988

i 678

i 1,195

Comprehensive Income Attributable to

RPM International Inc. Stockholders

i 705,257

i 164,516

i 147,978

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

Year Ended May 31,

2020

2019

Cash Flows From Operating Activities:

Net income

i 503,500

i 305,082

i 267,687

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating

activities:

Depreciation & Amortization

i 146,857

i 156,842

i 141,742

Restructuring charges, net of payments

( i 2,909

)

i 6,831

i 8,072

Goodwill, intangible and other asset impairments

i 4,190

Fair value adjustments to contingent earnout obligations

( i 582

)

i 680

i 1,918

Deferred income taxes

i 20,188

( i 12,150

)

i 5,434

Stock-based compensation expense

i 40,926

i 19,789

i 31,154

Other non-cash interest expense

i 1,552

Realized/unrealized losses (gains) on sales of marketable securities

( i 38,774

)

( i 1,132

)

i 7,613

Loss on extinguishment of debt

i 3,051

Other

( i 2,340

)

( i 77

)

( i 3,288

)

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect from purchases and sales of

businesses:

(Increase) decrease in receivables

( i 88,618

)

i 82,060

( i 131,204

)

(Increase) decrease in inventory

( i 68,802

)

i 21,309

( i 16,829

)

(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other current and long-term assets

( i 11,457

)

i 17,614

( i 14,826

)

Increase (decrease) in accounts payable

i 151,388

( i 27,111

)

( i 29,628

)

Increase (decrease) in accrued compensation and benefits

i 62,966

( i 6,198

)

i 19,241

Increase (decrease) in accrued losses

i 8,510

i 487

( i 1,803

)

Increase (decrease) in other accrued liabilities

i 43,010

( i 23,665

)

( i 5,232

)

Other

i 2,293

i 9,558

i 4,097

Cash Provided By Operating Activities

i 766,156

i 549,919

i 292,941

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:

Capital expenditures

( i 157,199

)

( i 147,756

)

( i 136,757

)

Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired

( i 165,223

)

( i 65,102

)

( i 168,205

)

Purchase of marketable securities

( i 121,669

)

( i 28,891

)

( i 19,787

)

Proceeds from sales of marketable securities

i 112,298

i 31,337

i 69,743

Other

i 5,405

i 799

i 6,760

Cash (Used For) Investing Activities

( i 326,388

)

( i 209,613

)

( i 248,246

)

Cash Flows From Financing Activities:

Additions to long-term and short-term debt

i 485,306

i 628,083

Reductions of long-term and short-term debt

( i 188,278

)

( i 471,035

)

( i 273,109

)

Cash dividends

( i 194,720

)

( i 185,101

)

( i 181,409

)

Repurchase of common stock

( i 49,956

)

( i 125,000

)

( i 200,222

)

Shares of common stock returned for taxes

( i 22,826

)

( i 18,075

)

( i 21,758

)

Payments of acquisition-related contingent consideration

( i 2,218

)

( i 606

)

( i 4,066

)

Other

( i 1,621

)

( i 2,359

)

( i 1,361

)

Cash (Used For) Financing Activities

( i 459,619

)

( i 316,870

)

( i 53,842

)

Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents

i 33,139

( i 13,188

)

( i 12,107

)

Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents

i 13,288

i 10,248

( i 21,254

)

Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period

i 233,416

i 223,168

i 244,422

Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period

i 246,704

i 233,416

i 223,168

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flows Information:

Cash paid during the year for:

Interest

i 82,440

i 103,143

i 101,415

Income taxes, net of refunds

i 147,436

i 102,892

i 68,357

Supplemental Disclosures of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:

Conversion of Debt to Equity

i 38,239

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

Common Stock

Accumulated

Number

Other

Total RPM

Par/Stated

Paid-In

Treasury

Comprehensive

Retained

International

Noncontrolling

Total

(In thousands)

Value

Capital

Stock

Income (Loss)

Earnings

Inc. Equity

Interests

Equity

Balance at June 1, 2018

i 133,647

i 1,336

i 982,067

( i 236,318

)

( i 459,048

)

i 1,342,736

i 1,630,773

i 2,765

i 1,633,538

Cumulative-effect adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2014-09

( i 2,833

)

( i 2,833

)

( i 2,833

)

Net income

i 266,558

i 1,129

i 267,687

Other comprehensive income (loss)

( i 118,580

)

( i 118,580

)

i 66

( i 118,514

)

Dividends declared and paid ($ i 1.37 per share)

( i 181,409

)

( i 181,409

)

( i 181,409

)

Other noncontrolling interest activity

( i 1,307

)

( i 1,307

)

Share repurchases under repurchase program

( i 3,287

)

( i 33

)

i 33

( i 200,222

)

( i 200,222

)

( i 200,222

)

Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less

shares returned for taxes

i 36

i 1

i 35,437

( i 20,965

)

i 14,473

Convertible bond redemption

i 599

i 6

( i 23,029

)

i 20,215

( i 2,808

)

( i 2,808

)

Balance at May 31, 2019

i 130,995

i 1,310

i 994,508

( i 437,290

)

( i 577,628

)

i 1,425,052

i 1,405,952

i 2,653

i 1,408,605

Net income

i 304,385

i 697

i 305,082

Other comprehensive (loss)

( i 139,869

)

( i 139,869

)

( i 19

)

( i 139,888

)

Dividends declared and paid ($ i 1.43 per share)

( i 185,101

)

( i 185,101

)

( i 185,101

)

Other noncontrolling interest activity

( i 1,113

)

( i 1,113

)

Share repurchases under repurchase program

( i 2,042

)

( i 20

)

i 20

( i 125,000

)

( i 125,000

)

( i 125,000

)

Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less

shares returned for taxes

i 558

i 5

i 19,900

( i 17,827

)

i 2,078

Balance at May 31, 2020

i 129,511

i 1,295

i 1,014,428

( i 580,117

)

( i 717,497

)

i 1,544,336

i 1,262,445

i 2,218

i 1,264,663

Net income

i 502,643

i 857

i 503,500

Other comprehensive income

i 202,613

i 132

i 202,745

Dividends declared and paid ($ i 1.50 per share)

( i 194,720

)

( i 194,720

)

( i 194,720

)

Other noncontrolling interest activity

( i 1,246

)

( i 1,246

)

Share repurchases under repurchase program

( i 594

)

( i 6

)

i 6

( i 49,956

)

( i 49,956

)

( i 49,956

)

Stock compensation expense and other deferred compensation, shares granted less

shares returned for taxes

i 656

i 6

i 40,966

( i 22,933

)

i 18,039

Balance at May 31, 2021

i 129,573

i 1,295

i 1,055,400

( i 653,006

)

( i 514,884

)

i 1,852,259

i 1,741,064

i 1,961

i 1,743,025

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

NOTE A — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

1) Consolidation, Noncontrolling Interests and Basis of Presentation

Our financial statements include all of our majority-owned subsidiaries. We account for our investments in less-than-majority-owned joint ventures, for which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, under the equity method. Effects of transactions between related companies are eliminated in consolidation.

Noncontrolling interests are presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements as if parent company investors (controlling interests) and other minority investors (noncontrolling interests) in partially owned subsidiaries have similar economic interests in a single entity. As a result, investments in noncontrolling interests are reported as equity in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Additionally, our Consolidated Financial Statements include i 100% of a controlled subsidiary’s earnings, rather than only our share. Transactions between the parent company and noncontrolling interests are reported in equity as transactions between stockholders, provided that these transactions do not create a change in control.

Our business is dependent on external weather factors. Historically, we have experienced strong sales and net income in our first, second and fourth fiscal quarters comprising the three-month periods ending August 31, November 30 and May 31, respectively, with weaker performance in our third fiscal quarter (December through February).

/ i

2) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

3) Acquisitions/Divestitures

We account for business combinations and asset acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the acquired entities are recorded at their estimated fair values at the acquisition date.

During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2021, we completed a total of i four acquisitions in each of our i four reportable segments. Within our Consumer reportable segment, we acquired a manufacturer of sandpaper and other abrasives headquartered in Fairborn, Ohio. Within our PCG reportable segment, we acquired a manufacturer of raised flooring systems headquartered in Denver, Colorado. We also completed immaterial acquisitions within our SPG and CPG reportable segments.

During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2020, we completed a total of i three acquisitions among three of our i four reportable segments. Within our CPG reportable segment, we acquired a manufacturer and marketer of joint sealants for commercial construction headquartered in Hudson, New Hampshire. Within our PCG reportable segment, we acquired a manufacturer of trenchless pipe rehabilitation equipment headquartered in Quebec, Canada. Lastly, within our SPG reportable segment, we acquired a manufacturer of dry stabilizer and emulsifier blends for the food industry headquartered in Elgin, Illinois.

The purchase price for each acquisition has been allocated to the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition. We have finalized the purchase price allocation for our fiscal 2020 acquisitions. For acquisitions completed during fiscal 2021, the valuations of consideration transferred, total assets acquired and liabilities assumed are substantially complete. The primary areas that remain preliminary relate to working capital adjustments. i Acquisitions are aggregated by year of purchase in the following table:

Fiscal 2021 Acquisitions

Fiscal 2020 Acquisitions

(In thousands)

Weighted-Average

Intangible Asset

Amortization Life (In

Years)

Total

Weighted-Average

Intangible Asset

Amortization Life (In

Years)

Total

Current assets

i 50,310

i 10,649

Property, plant and equipment

i 27,012

i 1,694

Goodwill

N/A

i 41,654

N/A

i 28,291

Trade names - indefinite lives

N/A

i 16,694

N/A

i 1,555

Other intangible assets

i 53,894

i 31,046

Other long-term assets

i 6,831

i 56

Total Assets Acquired

i 196,395

i 73,291

Liabilities assumed

( i 24,232

)

( i 7,135

)

Net Assets Acquired

i 172,163

⁽¹⁾

i 66,156

⁽²⁾

(1)	Figure includes cash acquired of $ i 6.4 million.

(2)	Figure includes cash acquired of $ i 1.6 million.

/ /

Our Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the results of operations of acquired businesses as of their respective dates of acquisition. Pro-forma results of operations for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 were not materially different from reported results and, consequently, are not presented.

4) Foreign Currency

The functional currency for each of our foreign subsidiaries is its principal operating currency. Accordingly, for the periods presented, assets and liabilities have been translated using exchange rates at year end, while income and expense for the periods have been translated using a weighted-average exchange rate.

The resulting translation adjustments have been recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity, and will be included in net earnings only upon the sale or liquidation of the underlying foreign investment, neither of which is contemplated at this time. Transaction gains and losses have moderated during the last three fiscal years based on more modest fluctuations in the strength of the U.S. dollar, resulting in net transactional foreign exchange losses in fiscal 2021 and 2019 of approximately $ i 2.8 million and $ i 4.8 million, respectively, and net transactional foreign exchange gains for fiscal 2020 of approximately $ i 0.3 million.

/ i

5) Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We do not believe we are exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value.

6) Property, Plant & Equipment

May 31,	2021		2020
(In thousands)
Land	$	i 93,455	$	i 85,860
Buildings and leasehold improvements		i 518,205		i 469,483
Machinery and equipment		i 1,355,822		i 1,199,847
Total property, plant and equipment, at cost		i 1,967,482		i 1,755,190
Less: allowance for depreciation and amortization		i 1,002,300		i 905,504
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	i 965,182	$	i 849,686

We review long-lived assets for impairment when circumstances indicate that the carrying values of these assets may not be recoverable. For assets that are to be held and used, an impairment charge is recognized when the estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with the asset or group of assets are less than their carrying value. If impairment exists, an adjustment is made to write the asset down to its fair value, and a loss is recorded for the difference between the carrying value and the fair value. Fair values are determined based on quoted market values, discounted cash flows, internal appraisals or external appraisals, as applicable. Assets to be disposed of are carried at the lower of their carrying value or estimated net realizable value.

Depreciation is computed primarily using the straight-line method over the following ranges of useful lives:

Buildings and leasehold improvements		i 1 to i 50 years
Machinery and equipment		i 1 to i 40 years

Total depreciation expense for each fiscal period includes the charges to income that result from the amortization of assets recorded under finance leases. For the periods ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we recorded depreciation expense of $ i 99.4 million, $ i 108.5 million, and $ i 94.0 million, respectively.

/ i

7) Revenue Recognition

revenue using the input method, as that method was the best measure of performance as it considers costs incurred in relation to total expected project costs, which essentially represents the transfer of control for roofing systems to the customer. In general, for our other construction contracts, we record contract revenues and related costs as our contracts progress on an over-time model.

Effective June 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” and all the related amendments included within Accounting Standards Codification 606 (“ASC 606”).

8) Shipping Costs

We identify shipping and handling costs as costs paid to third-party shippers for transporting products to customers, and we include these costs in cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

9) Allowance for Credit Losses

Our primary allowance for credit losses is the allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts reduces the trade accounts receivable balance to the estimated net realizable value equal to the amount that is expected to be collected. The allowance is established using assessments of current creditworthiness of customers, historical collection experience, the aging of receivables and other currently available evidence. Trade accounts receivable balances are written-off against the allowance if a final determination of uncollectibility is made. All provisions for allowances for doubtful collection of accounts are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Actual collections of trade receivables could differ from our estimates due to changes in future economic or industry conditions or specific customer’s financial conditions.

For the periods ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, bad debt expense approximated $ i 10.0 million, $ i 16.7 million and $ i 18.6 million, respectively. Bad debt expense was elevated in fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 due to additional write-offs associated with exiting unprofitable product lines and regions in conjunction with our MAP to Growth. Fiscal 2020 bad debt expense also reflects, although to a much lesser degree, due to the impact Covid had on some of our customers’ ability to pay timely. Refer to Note B, “Restructuring,” for further information.

/ i

10) Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, cost being determined on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis and net realizable value being determined on the basis of replacement cost. Inventory costs include raw materials, labor and manufacturing overhead. We review the net realizable value of our inventory in detail on an on-going basis, with consideration given to various factors, which include our estimated reserves for excess, obsolete, slow-moving or distressed inventories. If actual market conditions differ from our projections, and our estimates prove to be inaccurate, write-downs of inventory values and adjustments to cost of sales may be required. Historically, our inventory reserves have approximated actual experience.

For the periods ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, charges related to slow moving and/or obsolete inventory on hand approximated $ i 3.7 million, $ i 39.6 million and $ i 29.4 million, respectively. Charges recorded during fiscal 2021 were more normalized in comparison to fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019, which both had elevated inventory charges associated with our MAP to Growth restructuring activities. During fiscal 2020, we recorded $ i 28.8 million within our Consumer reportable segment consisting of proactive management of excess quantities of inventory in order to accelerate cash conversion, SKU rationalization, and exiting unprofitable product lines and regions and $ i 3.2 million within our PCG segment related to exiting unprofitable product lines and regions. During fiscal 2019, we recorded $ i 10.5 million in charges resulting from more proactive management of inventory at our Consumer segment, and $ i 9.0 million and $ i 1.0 million of inventory charges related to restructuring activities at our PCG and CPG segments, respectively.

i Inventories were composed of the following major classes:

May 31,	2021		2020
(In thousands)
Raw materials and supplies	$	i 447,220	$	i 282,579
Finished goods		i 490,875		i 527,869
Total Inventory	$	i 938,095	$	i 810,448

/ i

11) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

We account for goodwill and other intangible assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350 and account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the entities acquired are recorded at their estimated fair values at the acquisition date.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of net assets acquired, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill is assigned to reporting units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination as of the acquisition date. Once goodwill has been allocated to the reporting units, it no longer retains its identification with a particular acquisition and becomes identified with the reporting unit in its entirety. Accordingly, the fair value of the reporting unit as a whole is available to support the recoverability of its goodwill. We evaluate our reporting units when changes in our operating structure occur, and if necessary, reassign goodwill using a relative fair value allocation approach.

We assess qualitative factors in each of our reporting units that carry goodwill. We assess these qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. The quantitative process is required only if we conclude that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. However, we have an unconditional option to bypass a qualitative assessment and proceed directly to performing the quantitative analysis. We applied the quantitative process during our annual goodwill impairment assessments performed during the fourth quarters of fiscal 2021 and 2020 and applied both the qualitative and quantitative processes during our annual goodwill impairment assessment performed during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019.

In applying the market approach, we use market multiples derived from a set of similar companies. In applying the income approach, we evaluate discounted future cash flows determined from estimated cashflow adjustments to a reporting unit’s projected EBITDA. Under this approach, we calculate the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. In applying the discounted cash flow methodology utilized in the income approach, we rely on a number of factors, including future business plans, actual and forecasted operating results, and market data. The significant assumptions employed under this method include discount rates; revenue growth rates, including assumed terminal growth rates; and operating margins used to project future cash flows for a reporting unit. The discount rates utilized reflect market-based estimates of capital costs and discount rates adjusted for management’s assessment of a market participant’s view with respect to other risks associated with the projected cash flows of the individual reporting unit. Our estimates are based upon assumptions we believe to be reasonable, but which by nature are uncertain and unpredictable. We believe we incorporate ample sensitivity ranges into our analysis of goodwill impairment testing for a reporting unit, such that actual experience would need to be materially out of the range of expected assumptions in order for an impairment to remain undetected.

Changes in the Composition of Reporting Units in Fiscal 2020

On June 1, 2019, the composition of our reportable segments was revised, as further discussed in Note R, “Segment Information.” Prior to implementing the revised segment reporting structure beginning in fiscal 2020, our previously disclosed Industrial segment comprised i two operating segments, the CPG operating segment and the PCG operating segment. Each of these operating segments comprised several reporting units, all of which were tested during the annual goodwill impairment test during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, 2020 and 2021.

Also, in connection with our Map to Growth, we realigned certain businesses and management structure within our SPG segment. As such, our former Wood Finishes Group reporting unit was split into i two separate reporting units: Guardian and Wood Finishes Group. Additionally, our former Kop-Coat Group reporting unit was split into i two reporting units: Kop-Coat Industrial Protection Products and Kop-Coat Group. We performed an interim goodwill impairment test for each of the new reporting units upon the change in reportable segments, business realignment and management structure using a quantitative assessment. We concluded that the estimated fair values exceeded the carrying values for these new reporting units, and accordingly, no indications of impairment were identified as a result of these changes during the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

Conclusion on Annual Goodwill Impairment Tests

As a result of the annual impairment assessments performed for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, there were i i i no / / goodwill impairments.

Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Our required annual impairment test of each of our indefinite-lived intangible assets performed during fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019 did not result in an impairment charge.

Although i i no / impairment losses were recorded as a result of our annual impairment tests, we did record an intangible impairment charge in both fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019. In fiscal 2020, in connection with Map to Growth, we recorded an impairment charge of $ i 4.0 million included in restructuring expense in our Consumer reportable segment for impairment losses on indefinite-lived trade names. In fiscal 2019, we recorded an impairment charge of $ i 4.2 million, of which $ i 2.0 million was recorded by our CPG reportable segment for impairment losses on indefinite-lived trade names and approximately $ i 2.2 million was recorded by our SPG reportable segment for impairment losses on definite-lived customer-related intangibles. Refer to Note C “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” for additional details on these indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charges.

12) Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are charged to operations when incurred and are included in SG&A expenses. For the years ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, advertising costs were $ i 61.1 million, $ i 49.7 million and $ i 57.5 million, respectively.

/ i

13) Research and Development

Research and development costs are charged to operations when incurred and are included in SG&A expenses. The amounts charged to expense for the years ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 were $ i 77.6 million, $ i 76.5 million and $ i 71.6 million, respectively.

/ i

14) Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation represents the cost related to stock-based awards granted to our employees and directors, which may include restricted stock and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”). We measure stock-based compensation cost at the date of grant, based on the estimated fair value of the award. We recognize the cost as expense on a straight-line basis (net of estimated forfeitures) over the related vesting period. Refer to Note J, “Stock-Based Compensation,” for further information.

15) Investment (Income), Net

Investment (income), net, consists of the following components:

Year Ended May 31,	2021			2020			2019
(In thousands)
Interest (income)	$	( i 3,555	)	$	( i 5,313	)	$	( i 4,885	)
Net (gain) loss on marketable securities		( i 38,774	)		( i 1,629	)		i 8,366
Dividend (income)		( i 2,121	)		( i 2,797	)		( i 4,211	)
Investment (income), net	$	( i 44,450	)	$	( i 9,739	)	$	( i 730	)

Net (Gain) Loss on Marketable Securities

Year Ended May 31,	2021			2020			2019
(In thousands)
Unrealized (gains) losses on marketable equity securities	$	( i 16,133	)	$	( i 1,457	)	$	i 5,827
Realized (gains) losses on marketable equity securities		( i 22,680	)		( i 237	)		i 2,322
Realized losses on available-for-sale debt securities		i 39			i 65			i 217
Net (gain) loss on marketable securities	$	( i 38,774	)	$	( i 1,629	)	$	i 8,366

/ i

16) Other Expense, Net

Other expense, net, consists of the following components:

Year Ended May 31,	2021			2020			2019
(In thousands)
Royalty expense (income), net (a)	$	( i 387	)	$	i 5,206		$	( i 96	)
(Income) related to unconsolidated equity affiliates		( i 516	)		( i 165	)		( i 332	)
Pension non-service costs		i 14,542			i 6,076			i 1,647
Loss on extinguishment of debt (b)		-			-			i 3,051
Loss on divestiture (c)		-			i 949			-
Other expense, net	$	i 13,639		$	i 12,066		$	i 4,270

(a)	Includes a $ i 5.3 million charge incurred during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 related to the termination of a licensing agreement within our Consumer reportable segment.

(b)	In connection with the redemption of all of our outstanding i 2.25% convertible senior notes in i November 2018, we recognized a loss of $ i 3.1 million, due to the fair value remeasurement on the date of conversion.

(c)	Reflects the loss incurred upon divestiture of a contracting business located in Australia, which had reported through our PCG segment.

/ i

17) Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes is calculated using the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax effect of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amount of assets and liabilities and the amounts used for income tax purposes and for certain changes in valuation allowances. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce certain deferred tax assets when, in our estimation, it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.

18) Earnings Per Share of Common Stock

Earnings per share (EPS) is computed using both the treasury stock and two-class method, as our unvested share-based payment awards contain rights to receive non-forfeitable dividends are considered participating securities. We calculate both Basic and Diluted EPS under each method and compare the results, reporting the method that is most dilutive.

Basic EPS of common stock is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS of common stock is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock, plus the effect of dilutive potential shares of common stock outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Dilutive potential shares of common stock include outstanding SARS, restricted stock awards and convertible notes. The treasury stock method also assumes that we use the proceeds from the hypothetical exercise of the stock compensation awards to repurchase common stock at the average market price during the period.

The two-class method determines EPS for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends and dividend equivalents and their respective participation rights in undistributed earnings.

See Note L, “Earnings Per Share,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

19) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

New Pronouncements Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses,” which requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Additionally, the standard amends the current available-for-sale securities other-than-temporary impairment model for debt securities. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and for interim periods therein. The adoption of this new guidance, effective i June 1, 2020, using the modified retrospective transition method, did not result in a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at June 1, 2020 and did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. Refer to Note Q, “Revenue” for additional information.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” to eliminate step two from the goodwill impairment test in order to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of this new guidance, effective i June 1, 2020, did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements or disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of this new guidance, effective i June 1, 2020, did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements or disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20), Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with employers that sponsor defined benefit or other postretirement plans. This guidance is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption was permitted for all entities and the amendments in this update are required to be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. The adoption of this new guidance, effective for the fiscal year ending May 31, 2021, did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements or disclosures.

New Pronouncements Issued

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740),” which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Depending on the amendment, adoption may be applied on the retrospective, modified retrospective or prospective basis. We are currently reviewing the provisions of this new pronouncement, but do not expect our adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

/ i

20) Subsequent Event

Share Repurchases

From June 1, 2021 through July 23, 2021, we have repurchased i 133,388 shares of RPM common stock since May 31, 2021, at a cost of approximately $ i 12.5 million, or an average of $ i 93.71 per share, under the stock repurchase program described further in Note I, “Stock Repurchase Program.”

NOTE B — RESTRUCTURING

We record restructuring charges associated with management-approved restructuring plans to either reorganize one or more of our business segments, or to remove duplicative headcount and infrastructure associated with our businesses. Restructuring charges can include severance costs to eliminate a specified number of employees, infrastructure charges to vacate facilities and consolidate operations, contract cancellation costs and other costs. Restructuring charges are recorded based upon planned employee termination dates and site closure and consolidation plans. The timing of associated cash payments is dependent upon the type of restructuring charge and can extend over a multi-year period. We record the short-term portion of our restructuring liability in Other Accrued Liabilities and the long-term portion, if any, in Other Long-Term Liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

MAP to Growth

Between May and August 2018, we approved and implemented the initial phases of a multi-year restructuring plan, which was originally referred to as the 2020 Margin Acceleration Plan (“2020 MAP to Growth”). The initial phases of our 2020 MAP to Growth affected all of our reportable segments, as well as our corporate/nonoperating segment, and focused on margin improvement by simplifying business processes; reducing inventory categories and rationalizing SKUs; eliminating underperforming businesses; reducing headcount and working capital; and improving operating efficiency.

The disruption caused by the outbreak of the Covid pandemic delayed the finalization of our 2020 MAP to Growth past the original target completion date of December 31, 2020. In recognition of the fact our restructuring plan extends past calendar year 2020, we began referring to it simply as our “MAP to Growth.”

On May 31, 2021, we formally concluded our MAP to Growth. However, certain projects identified prior to May 31, 2021 will not be completed until fiscal 2022, and as such, we plan to continue recognizing restructuring expense throughout fiscal 2022. The final implementation and total expected costs are subject to change as we complete these projects.

Our execution of the MAP to Growth drove the de-layering and simplification of management and businesses associated with group realignment. We have implemented four center-led functional areas including manufacturing and operations; procurement and supply chain; information technology; and accounting and finance.

Our MAP to Growth optimized our manufacturing facilities and provided more efficient plant and distribution facilities. Through the balance sheet date, in association with our MAP to Growth, we have completed, or are in the process of completing, the planned closure of 28 plants and 28 warehouses. We also expect to incur additional severance and benefit costs as part of our planned closure of these facilities.

Although our MAP to Growth has concluded, we will continue to assess and find areas of improvement and cost savings. As such, the final implementation and total expected costs are subject to change. In addition to the announced plan, we have continued to broaden the scope of our MAP to Growth, specifically in consolidation of the general and administrative areas, potential outsourcing, as well as additional future plant closures and consolidations; the estimated costs of which have not yet been finalized. The current total expected costs associated with this plan are outlined in the table below and increased by approximately $ i 5.2 million compared to our prior quarter estimate, primarily attributable to increases of approximately $ i 2.6 million in expected severance and benefit costs and $ i 2.6 million and facility closure and other related costs.

A summary of the charges recorded in connection with restructuring by reportable segment during is as follows:

Year Ended

Cumulative

Costs

Total

Expected

(in thousands)

May 31, 2019

to Date

Costs

CPG Segment:

Severance and benefit costs (a)

i 3,194

i 6,866

i 9,459

i 21,288

i 21,534

Facility closure and other related costs

i 2,103

i 1,508

i 1,924

i 6,580

i 7,836

Other asset write-offs

i 38

i 352

i 215

i 1,978

Total Charges

i 5,335

i 8,726

i 11,598

i 29,846

i 31,348

PCG Segment:

Severance and benefit costs (b)

i 2,974

i 6,973

i 6,012

i 16,359

i 16,900

Facility closure and other related costs

i 1,282

i 1,873

i 3,474

i 6,629

i 7,735

Other asset write-offs

i 316

i 248

i 353

i 917

Total Charges

i 4,572

i 9,094

i 9,839

i 23,905

i 25,552

Consumer Segment:

Severance and benefit costs (c)

i 1,840

i 3,089

i 1,726

i 12,307

Facility closure and other related costs

i 3,147

i 2,245

i 1,553

i 12,081

i 14,024

Other asset write-offs

i 301

i 4,094

i 25

i 4,420

Total Charges

i 5,288

i 9,428

i 3,304

i 28,808

i 30,751

SPG Segment:

Severance and benefit costs (d)

i 1,197

i 1,592

i 5,338

i 8,127

i 9,504

Facility closure and other related costs

i 1,424

i 2,922

i 1,244

i 5,590

i 6,460

Other asset write-offs

i 99

i 119

i 1,003

i 1,221

Total Charges

i 2,720

i 4,633

i 7,585

i 14,938

i 17,185

Corporate/Other Segment:

Severance and benefit costs (e)

i 191

i 1,227

i 9,984

i 13,538

Total Charges

i 191

i 1,227

i 9,984

i 13,538

Consolidated:

Severance and benefit costs

i 9,396

i 19,747

i 32,519

i 71,619

i 73,783

Facility closure and other related costs

i 7,956

i 8,548

i 8,195

i 30,880

i 36,055

Other asset write-offs

i 754

i 4,813

i 1,596

i 8,536

Total Charges

i 18,106

i 33,108

i 42,310

i 111,035

i 118,374

Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of i 34 positions, i 112 positions and i 109 positions during fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Additionally, $ i 0.2 million included in the fiscal year 2019 charges are associated with the prior elimination of i one position within the legal function during fiscal 2018.

b)	Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of i 71 positions, i 161 positions and i 114 positions during fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

c)	Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of i 29 positions, i 92 positions and i 21 positions during fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

d)	Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of i 35 positions and i 94 positions and i 130 positions during fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Severance and benefit costs are associated with the elimination of i two positions during fiscal 2020. Also reflects fiscal 2019 charges related to the severance of i two corporate executives, as well as accelerated vesting of equity awards for i two corporate executives, i four SPG segment executives and i three CPG segment executives in connection with the aforementioned restructuring activities.

A summary of the activity in the restructuring reserves related to our MAP to Growth is as follows:

(in thousands)

Severance and

Benefits Costs

Facility

Closure

and Other

Related Costs

Other Asset

Write-Offs

Total

Balance at June 1, 2019

i 4,837

i 7,857

i 12,694

Additions charged to expense

i 19,747

i 8,548

i 4,813

i 33,108

Cash payments charged against reserve

( i 17,038

)

( i 9,239

)

( i 26,277

)

Non-cash charges and other adjustments

( i 189

)

( i 1,286

)

( i 4,813

)

( i 6,288

)

Balance at May 31, 2020

i 7,357

i 5,880

i 13,237

Additions charged to expense

i 9,396

i 7,956

i 754

i 18,106

Cash payments charged against reserve

( i 12,413

)

( i 8,268

)

( i 335

)

( i 21,016

)

Non-cash charges and other adjustments

i 90

( i 4,278

)

( i 419

)

( i 4,607

)

Balance at May 31, 2021

i 4,430

i 1,290

i 5,720

In connection with our MAP to Growth, during fiscal 2021, we incurred approximately $ i 1.5 million and $ i 0.1 million of inventory-related charges at our Consumer and CPG segments, respectively. All of the aforementioned inventory-related charges were the result of initiatives in connection with our overall plan of restructuring, and are recorded in costs of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

In connection with our MAP to Growth, during fiscal 2020, we incurred approximately $ i 16.3 million, $ i 3.2 million, $ i 0.7 million and $ i 0.1 million of inventory-related charges at our Consumer, PCG, CPG and SPG segments, respectively. All of the aforementioned inventory-related charges were the result of the exit of a business or product line and SKU rationalization initiatives in connection with our overall plan of restructuring, and are recorded in cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

In connection with our MAP to Growth, during fiscal 2019, we incurred approximately $ i 1.0 million, $ i 9.0 million and $ i 2.1 million of inventory-related charges at our CPG, PCG and Consumer segments, respectively. The inventory-related charges are partially offset by a favorable adjustment of approximately $ i 0.2 million to the fiscal 2018 write-off at our Consumer segment. All of the aforementioned inventory-related charges were the result of the exit of a business or product line and SKU rationalization initiatives in connection with our overall plan of restructuring, and are recorded in cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

NOTE C — GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by reportable segment, for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, are as follows:

CPG

PCG

Consumer

SPG

(In thousands)

Segment

Total

Balance as of June 1, 2019

i 407,429

i 185,259

i 499,387

i 153,687

i 1,245,762

Acquisitions

i 14,689

i 3,023

i 10,352

i 28,064

Translation adjustments & other (1)

( i 16,764

)

( i 2,878

)

( i 3,169

)

( i 949

)

( i 23,760

)

Balance as of May 31, 2020

i 405,354

i 185,404

i 496,218

i 163,090

i 1,250,066

Acquisitions

i 2,295

i 16,174

i 20,126

i 2,134

i 40,729

Translation adjustments & other

i 35,866

i 5,460

i 8,886

i 4,747

i 54,959

Balance as of May 31, 2021

i 443,515

i 207,038

i 525,230

i 169,971

i 1,345,754

(1)	Activity includes a $ i 2.3 million decrease to goodwill within our Consumer segment related to adjustments to preliminary purchase price allocations, primarily due to deferred tax adjustments.

Total accumulated goodwill impairment losses were $ i 156.3 million at May 31, 2021. Of the accumulated balance, $ i 141.4 million was recorded during the fiscal year ended May 31, 2017 by a reporting unit that at the time was included in our Consumer segment and is now included in our SPG segment, and $ i 14.9 million was recorded during the fiscal year ended May 31, 2009 by a reporting unit that at the time was included in our former Industrial reportable segment and is now included in our CPG segment. There were i i i no / / impairment losses recorded during fiscal 2021, 2020 or 2019.

Other intangible assets consist of the following major classes:

Gross

Net Other

Amortization

Carrying

Accumulated

Intangible

(In thousands)

Period (In Years)

Amount

Amortization

Assets

As of May 31, 2021

Amortized intangible assets

Formulae

9 to 33

i 234,037

( i 172,989

)

i 61,048

Customer-related intangibles

5 to 33

i 505,710

( i 233,496

)

i 272,214

Trademarks/names

5 to 40

i 34,326

( i 20,575

)

i 13,751

Other

5 to 33

i 34,086

( i 25,707

)

i 8,379

Total Amortized Intangibles

i 808,159

( i 452,767

)

i 355,392

Indefinite-lived intangible assets

Trademarks/names

i 273,301

Total Other Intangible Assets

i 1,081,460

( i 452,767

)

i 628,693

As of May 31, 2020

Amortized intangible assets

Formulae

9 to 33

i 230,621

( i 160,771

)

i 69,850

Customer-related intangibles

5 to 33

i 439,153

( i 197,752

)

i 241,401

Trademarks/names

5 to 40

i 30,700

( i 17,224

)

i 13,476

Other

1 to 33

i 32,224

( i 23,281

)

i 8,943

Total Amortized Intangibles

i 732,698

( i 399,028

)

i 333,670

Indefinite-lived intangible assets

Trademarks/names

i 250,710

Total Other Intangible Assets

i 983,408

( i 399,028

)

i 584,380

The aggregate intangible asset amortization expense for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $ i 44.3 million, $ i 45.6 million and $ i 45.1 million, respectively. For the next five fiscal years, we estimate annual intangible asset amortization expense related to our existing intangible assets to approximate the following: fiscal 2022 — $ i 44.3 million, fiscal 2023 — $ i 40.8 million, fiscal 2024 — $ i 37.8 million, fiscal 2025 — $ i 33.0 million and fiscal 2026 — $ i 28.9 million.

During fiscal 2021, we did i not record an impairment charge. During fiscal 2020 we recorded a $ i 4.0 million impairment loss, which was classified in restructuring expense within our Consumer reportable segment, for impairment losses on indefinite-lived trade names, as a result of a decision to exit an unprofitable business and abandon a tradename in connection with MAP to Growth. During fiscal 2019 we recorded $ i 4.2 million of intangible asset impairment losses, of which $ i 2.0 million was recorded by our CPG reportable segment for impairment losses on trade names and approximately $ i 2.2 million was recorded by our SPG reportable segment for impairment losses on customer-related intangibles.

NOTE D — MARKETABLE SECURITIES

The following tables summarize available-for-sale debt securities held at May 31, 2021 and 2020 by asset type:

Available-For-Sale Debt Securities

(In thousands)

Amortized

Cost

Gross

Unrealized

Gains

Gross

Unrealized

Losses

Fair Value

(Net Carrying

Amount)

Fixed maturity:

U.S. treasury and other government

i 26,154

i 593

( i 184

)

i 26,563

Corporate bonds

i 143

i 39

i 182

Total available-for-sale debt securities

i 26,297

i 632

( i 184

)

i 26,745

/ /

Available-For-Sale Debt Securities

(In thousands)

Amortized

Cost

Gross

Unrealized

Gains

Gross

Unrealized

Losses

Fair Value

(Net

Carrying

Amount)

Fixed maturity:

U.S. treasury and other government

i 25,462

i 1,314

( i 40

)

i 26,736

Corporate bonds

i 143

i 43

i 186

Total available-for-sale debt securities

i 25,605

i 1,357

( i 40

)

i 26,922

Marketable securities are composed of available-for-sale debt securities and marketable equity securities and all marketable securities are reported at fair value. We carry a portion of our marketable securities portfolio in long-term assets since they are generally held for the settlement of our general and product liability insurance claims processed through our wholly owned captive insurance subsidiaries.

Available-for-sale debt securities are included in other current and long-term assets totaling $ i 3.9 million and $ i 22.8 million at May 31, 2021, respectively, and included in other current and long-term assets totaling $ i 7.6 million and $ i 19.3 million at May 31, 2020, respectively. Realized gains and losses on sales of available-for-sale debt securities are recognized in net income on the specific identification basis. Changes in the fair values of available-for-sale debt securities that are determined to be holding gains or losses are recorded through accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable taxes, within stockholders' equity. In assessing whether a credit loss exists, we evaluate our ability to hold the investment, the strength of the underlying collateral and the extent to which the investment's amortized cost or cost, as appropriate, exceeds it related fair value.

As of May 31, 2021 and 2020, we held approximately $ i 142.1 million and $ i 87.1 million in marketable equity securities, respectively. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on marketable equity securities are included in investment (income), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Refer to Note A(15), “Investment (Income), Net,” for further details.

Summarized below are the available-for-sale debt securities we held at May 31, 2021 and 2020 that were in an unrealized loss position and that were included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), aggregated by the length of time the investments had been in that position:

(In thousands)

Fair Value

Gross

Unrealized

Losses

Fair Value

Gross

Unrealized

Losses

Total investments with unrealized losses

i 8,420

( i 184

)

i 2,028

( i 40

)

Unrealized losses with a loss position for less than 12 months

i 6,920

( i 152

)

Unrealized losses with a loss position for more than 12 months

i 1,500

( i 32

)

i 2,028

( i 40

)

We have reviewed all of the securities included in the table above and have concluded that we have the ability and intent to hold these investments until their cost can be recovered, based upon the severity and duration of the decline. The decline in fair value is largely due to changes in interest rates and other market conditions. We have evaluated these securities and have determined no allowance for credit losses is necessary for these investments.

The net carrying values of available-for-sale debt securities at May 31, 2021, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties.

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due:
Less than one year	$	i 3,892	$	i 3,890
One year through five years		i 14,591		i 14,964
Six years through ten years		i 5,221		i 5,318
After ten years		i 2,593		i 2,573
	$	i 26,297	$	i 26,745

NOTE E — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Financial instruments recorded in the balance sheet include cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, marketable securities, notes and accounts payable, and debt.

An allowance for credit losses is established for trade accounts receivable using assessments of current creditworthiness of customers, historical collection experience, the aging of receivables and other currently available evidence. Trade accounts receivable balances are written-off against the allowance if a final determination of uncollectibility is made. All provisions for allowance for doubtful collection of accounts are included in selling, general, and administrative expense.

All derivative instruments are recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and measured at fair value. Changes in the fair values of derivative instruments that do not qualify as hedges and/or any ineffective portion of hedges are recognized as a gain or (loss) in our Consolidated Statements of Income in the current period. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments used effectively as cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), along with the change in the value of the hedged item. We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative purposes.

The valuation techniques utilized for establishing the fair values of assets and liabilities are based on observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect management’s market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value, as follows:

Level 1 Inputs — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 Inputs — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 Inputs — Instruments with primarily unobservable value drivers.

The following tables present our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy. In addition, with respect to our derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value, refer to Note F – Derivatives and Hedging for discussion of their classification within the fair value hierarchy.

(In thousands)

Quoted Prices

in Active

Markets for

Identical Assets

(Level 1)

Significant

Other

Observable

Inputs (Level 2)

Significant

Unobservable

Inputs (Level 3)

Fair Value at

Available-for-sale debt securities:

U.S. Treasury and other government

i 26,563

Corporate bonds

i 182

Total available-for-sale debt securities

i 26,745

Marketable equity securities:

Stocks-foreign

i 768

Stocks-domestic

i 6,975

Mutual funds - foreign

i 47,916

Mutual funds - domestic

i 86,428

Total marketable equity securities

i 7,743

i 134,344

i 142,087

Contingent consideration

( i 13,335

)

( i 13,335

)

Total

i 7,743

i 161,089

( i 13,335

)

i 155,497

/ /

(In thousands)

Quoted Prices

in Active

Markets for

Identical Assets

(Level 1)

Significant

Other

Observable

Inputs (Level 2)

Significant

Unobservable

Inputs (Level 3)

Fair Value at

Available-for-sale debt securities:

U.S. Treasury and other government

i 26,736

Corporate bonds

i 186

Total available-for-sale debt securities

i 26,922

Marketable equity securities:

Stocks-domestic

i 3,870

Mutual funds - foreign

i 28,815

Mutual funds - domestic

i 63,536

Total marketable equity securities

i 3,870

i 92,351

i 96,221

Contingent consideration

( i 15,682

)

( i 15,682

)

Total

i 3,870

i 119,273

( i 15,682

)

i 107,461

Our investments in available-for-sale debt securities and marketable equity securities are valued using a market approach. The availability of inputs observable in the market varies from instrument to instrument and depends on a variety of factors, including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is actively traded and other characteristics particular to the transaction. For most of our financial instruments, pricing inputs are readily observable in the market, the valuation methodology used is widely accepted by market participants, and the valuation does not require significant management discretion. For other financial instruments, pricing inputs are less observable in the market and may require management judgment.

The contingent consideration represents the estimated fair value of the additional variable cash consideration payable in connection with recent acquisitions that is contingent upon the achievement of certain performance milestones. We estimated the fair value using expected future cash flows over the period in which the obligation is expected to be settled, and applied a discount rate that appropriately captures a market participant's view of the risk associated with the obligation, which are considered to be Level 3 inputs. During fiscal 2021, we paid approximately $ i 2.8 million for settlements of contingent consideration obligations relating to certain performance milestones that were established in prior periods and achieved during the current year. During fiscal 2020, we paid approximately $ i 6.4 million for settlements of contingent consideration obligations relating to certain performance milestones that were established in prior periods and achieved during fiscal 2020. These amounts are reported in payments of acquisition-related contingent consideration in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

The carrying value of our current financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term debt, approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these financial instruments. At May 31, 2021 and 2020, the fair value of our long-term debt was estimated using active market quotes, based on our current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements, which are Level 2 inputs. i Based on the analysis performed, the fair value and the carrying value of our financial instruments and long-term debt as of May 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

	At May 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	i 246,704	$	i 246,704
Marketable equity securities		i 142,087		i 142,087
Available-for-sale debt securities		i 26,745		i 26,745
Long-term debt, including current portion		i 2,379,826		i 2,570,206

	At May 31, 2020
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	i 233,416	$	i 233,416
Marketable equity securities		i 87,111		i 87,111
Available-for-sale debt securities		i 26,922		i 26,922
Long-term debt, including current portion		i 2,539,180		i 2,618,719

NOTE F — DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

We are exposed to market risks, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. To manage the volatility related to these exposures, from time to time, we enter into various derivative transactions. We use various types of derivative instruments, including forward contracts and swaps. We formally assess, designate and document, as a hedge of an underlying exposure, each qualifying derivative instrument that will be accounted for as an accounting hedge at inception. Additionally, we assess, both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether the financial instruments used in the hedging transaction are effective at offsetting changes in either the fair values or cash flows of the underlying exposures.

Derivatives Designated as Hedges

In October 2017, as a means of mitigating the impact of currency fluctuations on our Euro investments in foreign entities, we executed a fair value hedge and i two cross currency swaps, in which we paid variable rate interest in Euros and receive fixed rate interest in U.S. Dollars with a combined notional amount of approximately € i 85.25 million ($ i 100 million U.S. Dollar equivalent), and which had a maturity date of i November 2022. This effectively converted a portion of our U.S. Dollar denominated fixed-rate debt to Euro denominated variable rate debt. The fair value hedge was recognized at fair value in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, while changes in the fair value of the hedge were recognized in interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income. We designated the swaps as net investment hedges of our net investment in our European operations under ASU 2017-12 and applied the spot method to these hedges. In February 2020, the fair value hedge and i two cross currency swaps agreements were terminated, and we received cash in the amount of $ i 9.3 million, representing the fair value of the swap and interest accrued through the date of termination. Accordingly, i hedge accounting was discontinued and a hedge accounting adjustment to our Senior Notes of $ i 1.5 million was recorded and is being amortized to interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations through the termination of the i 3.450% Notes in November 2022. Changes in the fair value of the cross currency swaps due to spot foreign exchange rates are recorded as cumulative translation adjustment within AOCI and will remain in AOCI until either the sale or substantially complete liquidation of the hedged subsidiaries / .

Separately, in February 2020, as a means of mitigating the impact of currency fluctuations on our Euro investments in foreign entities, we executed a cash flow hedge and i two cross currency swaps, in which we will pay fixed rate interest in Euros and receive variable rate interest in U.S. Dollars with a combined notional amount of approximately € i 277.73 million ($ i 300 million U.S. Dollar equivalent), and which have a maturity date of i February 2023. This effectively converts our U.S. Dollar denominated variable rate debt to Euro denominated fixed rate debt. The cash flow hedge is recognized at fair value in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, while changes in the fair value of the hedge will be recognized in AOCI when the hedged items affect earnings. Amounts recognized in AOCI will be recognized in earnings in interest expense when the hedged interest payment is accrued. We designated the swaps as net investment hedges of our net investment in our European operations under ASU 2017-12 and applied the spot method to these hedges. The changes in fair value of the derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedges of net investments in foreign operations are recognized in AOCI to offset the changes in the values of the net investments being hedged. In addition, in February 2020, as a means of mitigating the variability of the functional-currency-equivalent cash flows associated with the U.S. Dollar denominated term loan facility (referred to as Foreign Borrower’s Term Loan), we executed a cash flow hedge, in which we will pay fixed rate interest in Euros and receive variable rate interest in U.S. Dollars with a notional amount of approximately € i 92.52 million ($ i 100 million U.S. Dollar equivalent), and which have a maturity date of i February 2023. This effectively converts our U.S. Dollar denominated variable rate debt to Euro denominated fixed rate debt. The cash flow hedge is recognized at fair value in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, while changes in the fair value of the hedge will be recognized in AOCI when the hedged items affect earnings. Amounts recorded in AOCI will be recognized in earnings in interest expense when the hedged interest payment is accrued. In addition, since this currency swap is a hedge of variability of the functional-currency-equivalent cash flows of a recognized liability to be remeasured at spot exchange rates under ASC 830, an amount that will offset the gain or loss arising from the remeasurement of the hedged liability will be reclassified each period from AOCI to earnings as foreign exchange gain/(loss), which is a component of SG&A expenses.

The following table summarizes the location and effects of our derivatives instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Consolidated Statements of Income for gains or losses initially recognized in AOCI in the Consolidated Balance Sheet:

	Pretax gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI									Pretax gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI into income
(In thousands)	Year Ended May 31,									Year Ended May 31,
Derivatives in hedging relationships	2021			2020			2019		Income Statement Location	2021			2020			2019
Interest Rate Swap (Cash Flow)	$	( i 1,226	)	$	( i 7,998	)	$	-	i Interest (Expense) Income	$	( i 3,380	)	$	i 170		$	-
Cross Currency Swap (Cash Flow)		( i 9,207	)		( i 2,254	)		-	i Interest Income		i 638			i 554			-
Cross Currency Swap (Cash Flow)		-			-			-	i Foreign Exchange (Loss)		( i 9,874	)		( i 2,654	)		-
Cross Currency Swap (Net Investment)		( i 31,380	)		i 1,866			i 4,998	i Gain or (loss) on sale of subsidiary		-			-			-
Total	$	( i 41,813	)	$	( i 8,386	)	$	i 4,998		$	( i 12,616	)	$	( i 1,930	)	$	-

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges

At May 31, 2021 and 2020, we held i i one / foreign currency forward contract at each period end designed to reduce our exposure to changes in the cash flows of intercompany foreign-currency-denominated loans related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates by fixing the functional currency cash flows. These contracts have not been designated as hedges; therefore, the changes in fair value of the contracts are recognized in earnings as a component of SG&A expenses. Amounts recognized in earnings did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented. As of May 31, 2021, and May 31, 2020, the notional amounts of the forward contract held to purchase foreign currencies was $ i 191.7 million and $ i 63.2 million, respectively.

Disclosure About Derivative Instruments

All of our derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. We determine the fair value of our derivatives based on valuation methods, which project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to present value using market-based observable inputs, including interest rate curves, foreign currency rates, as well as future and basis point spreads, as applicable.

The fair values of qualifying and non-qualifying instruments used in hedging transactions as of May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020 are as follows:

(In thousands)			Fair Value
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments		Balance Sheet Location	May 31, 2021		May 31, 2020
Assets:
	Cross Currency Swap (Net Investment)	Other Current Assets	$	i 6,233	$	i 5,352
	Cross Currency Swap (Cash Flow)	Other Current Assets		i 516		i 750
	Cross Currency Swap (Net Investment)	Other Assets (Long-Term)		-		i 12,409
Liabilities:
	Interest Rate Swap (Cash Flow)	Other Accrued Liabilities		i 3,547		i 2,981
	Cross Currency Swap (Net Investment)	Other Accrued Liabilities		i 1,321		i 294
	Cross Currency Swap (Net Investment)	Other Long-Term Liabilities		i 39,228		i 18,204
	Cross Currency Swap (Cash Flow)	Other Long-Term Liabilities		i 13,786		i 3,608
	Interest Rate Swap (Cash Flow)	Other Long-Term Liabilities		i 2,467		i 5,187

(In thousands)			Fair Value
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments		Balance Sheet Location	May 31, 2021		May 31, 2020
Assets:
	Foreign Currency Exchange	Other Current Assets	$	i 212	$	-
Liabilities:
	Foreign Currency Exchange	Other Accrued Liabilities		-		i 53

NOTE G — BORROWINGS

A description of long-term debt follows:

May 31,	2021		2020
(In thousands)
Revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks, through i i October 31, 2023 / (1)	$	i 336,996	$	i 419,317
Accounts receivable securitization program with two banks, through i May 21, 2024 (2)		-		i 79,756
Unsecured i i 3.45 / % senior notes due i i November 15, 2022 / (3)		i 300,387		i 300,615
Unsecured $ i i 100 / M Term Loan due i i February 21, 2023 / (4)		i 99,880		i 99,810
Unsecured $ i i 300 / M Term Loan due i i February 21, 2023 / (4)		i 299,640		i 299,431
Unsecured i i 3.75 / % notes due i i March 15, 2027 / (5)		i 397,527		i 397,058
Unsecured i i 4.55 / % senior notes due i i March 1, 2029 / (6)		i 346,904		i 346,514
Unsecured i i 5.25 / % notes due i i June 1, 2045 / (7)		i 298,745		i 298,668
Unsecured i i 4.25 / % notes due i i January 15, 2048 / (8)		i 296,714		i 296,590
Other obligations, including finance leases and unsecured notes payable at various rates of interest due in installments through i i 2027 /		i 3,033		i 1,421
		i 2,379,826		i 2,539,180
Less: current portion		i 1,282		i 80,890
Total Long-Term Debt, Less Current Maturities	$	i 2,378,544	$	i 2,458,290

(1)

Interest at May 31, 2021 was tied to LIBOR and averaged i 1.4609% for USD denominated debt ($ i 37.7 million), i 1.3950% for AUD denominated debt ($ i 44.0 million) and i 1.3750% on EUR denominated debt ($ i 257.9 million). Interest at May 31, 2020 was tied to LIBOR and averaged i 1.5505% for USD denominated debt ($ i 218.3 million), i 1.4650% for AUD denominated debt ($ i 37.2 million) and i 1.3750% on EUR denominated debt ($ i 167.5 million). At May 31, 2021 and 2020, the revolving credit facility is adjusted for debt issuance costs, net of amortization, for approximately $ i 2.6 million and $ i 3.7 million, respectively.

(2)	At May 31, 2020, the accounts receivable securitization program is adjusted for debt issuance costs, net of amortization, of approximately $ i 0.2 million, respectively.

(3)

The $ i i 300.0 / million face amount of the notes due 2022 is adjusted for the amortization of the original issue discount and mark-to-market derivative asset of approximated $ i 0.1 million and ($ i 0.8 million) at May 31, 2021 and approximated $ i 0.1 million and ($ i 1.3 million) at May 31, 2020, respectively. The original issue discount effectively reduced the ultimate proceeds from the financing. The effective interest rate on the notes, including the amortization of the discount, is i i 3.465 / %. At May 31, 2021 and 2020, the notes are reduced by debt issuance costs, net of amortization, for approximately $ i 0.4 million and $ i 0.6 million, respectively.

(4)	At May 31, 2021 and 2020, the Term Loan is adjusted for deferred financing fees, net of amortization, of approximately $ i 0.5 million and $ i 0.8 million, respectively.

(5)

The $ i i 400.0 / million face amount of the notes due 2027 is adjusted for the amortization of the original issue discount, which approximated $ i 0.2 million and $ i 0.3 million at May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The original issue discount effectively reduced the ultimate proceeds from the financing. The effective interest rate on the notes, including the amortization of the discount, is i i 3.767 / %. At May 31, 2021 and 2020, the notes are adjusted for debt issuance costs, net of amortization, for approximately $ i 2.3 million and $ i 2.6 million, respectively.

(6)

The $ i i 350.0 / million aggregate principal amount of the notes due 2029 is adjusted for the amortization of the original issue discount, which approximated $ i 0.4 million and $ i 0.5 million at May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The original issue discount effectively reduced the ultimate proceeds from the financing. The effective interest rate on the notes, including the amortization of the discount, was i i 4.568 / %. At May 31, 2021 and 2020, the notes were adjusted for debt issuance costs, net of amortization, for approximately $ i 2.7 million and $ i 3.0 million, respectively.

(7)

The $ i i 250.0 / million face amount of the notes due 2045 is adjusted for the amortization of the original issue discount, which approximated $ i i 1.4 / million at May 31, 2021 and 2020. The original issue discount effectively reduced the ultimate proceeds from the financing. The effective interest rate on the notes, including the amortization of the discount, is i i 5.29 / %. In March 2017, as a further issuance of the i i 5.25 / % notes due 2045, we closed an offering of $ i i 50.0 / million aggregate principal, which is adjusted for the unamortized premium received at issuance, which approximated $ i i 2.9 / million at May 31, 2021 and 2020. The premium effectively increased the proceeds from the financing. The effective interest rate on the $ i 50.0 million notes issued March 2017 is i i 4.839 / %. At May 31, 2021 and 2020, the notes are adjusted for debt issuance costs, net of amortization, for approximately $ i 2.8 million and $ i 2.9 million, respectively.

/ /

(8)	The $ i i 300.0 / million face amount of the notes due 2048 is adjusted for the debt issuance cost, net of amortization, which approximated $ i 3.3 million and $ i 3.4 million at May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The effective interest rate on the notes is i i 4.25 / %.

The aggregate maturities of long-term debt for the five years subsequent to May 31, 2021 are as follows: fiscal 2022 — $ i 1.4 million; fiscal 2023 — $ i 701.5 million; fiscal 2024 — $ i 340.2 million; fiscal 2025 — $ i 0.5 million; fiscal 2026 — $ i 0.3 million and thereafter $ i 1,350.9 million. Additionally, at May 31, 2021, we had unused lines of credit totaling $ i 1.2 billion.

Our available liquidity, including our cash and cash equivalents and amounts available under our committed credit facilities, stood at $ i 1,457.1 million at May 31, 2021. Our debt-to-capital ratio was i 57.8% at May 31, 2021, compared with i 66.8% at May 31, 2020.

Revolving Credit Agreement

During the quarter ended November 30, 2018, we replaced our previous $ i 800.0 million revolving credit agreement, which was set to expire on i December 5, 2019, with a $ i 1.3 billion unsecured syndicated revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which expires on i October 31, 2023. The Revolving Credit Facility includes sublimits for the issuance of swingline loans, which are comparatively short-term loans used for working capital purposes and letters of credit. The aggregate maximum principal amount of the commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility may be expanded upon our request, subject to certain conditions, up to $ i 1.5 billion. The Revolving Credit Facility is available to refinance existing indebtedness, to finance working capital and capital expenditures, and for general corporate purposes.

The Revolving Credit Facility requires us to comply with various customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a leverage covenant (i.e., Net Leverage Ratio) and interest coverage ratio, which are calculated in accordance with the terms as defined by the Revolving Credit Facility. On April 30, 2020, we amended both our Revolving Credit Facility and the New Credit Facility (see “Term Loan Facility Credit Agreement” section below for further details) to allow the maximum permitted Net Leverage Ratio to be increased from i 3.75 to 1.0 to i 4.25 to 1.0 for four consecutive fiscal quarters following notice to the Administrative Agent on or before June 30, 2021 and the payment of a i ten basis point fee (“Increased Net Leverage Ratio Period”). Such increase is in addition to any increase requested by us in the maximum permitted Net Leverage Ratio following a Material Acquisition (any acquisition for which the aggregate consideration is $ i 100.0 million or greater). During an Increased Net Leverage Ratio Period, the Euro-Rate Spread on loans under the Revolving Credit Facility shall be increased to i 1.75% and the Base Rate Spread shall be i 0.75% until the first day of the month following the Increased Net Leverage Ratio Period; provided, however, if at any time during an Increased Net Leverage Ratio, all three rating agencies rate the Company as non-investment grade, the Euro-Rate Spread shall be i 2.0% and the Base Rate Spread shall be i 1.0% in each case until earlier of the first day of the month after the Increased Net Leverage Ratio or the date on which at least one rating agency rates us as investment grade. As of May 31, 2021, we have not provided any notice to the Administrative Agent to trigger this provision. Furthermore, no such notice was provided, subsequent to the balance sheet date, on or before June 30, 2021, and as such, this provision has lapsed.

Under the terms of the leverage covenant, we may not permit our leverage ratio for total indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA for the four most recent fiscal quarters to exceed i 3.75 to 1.0. During certain periods and per the terms of the Revolving Credit Facility, this ratio may be increased to i 4.25 to 1.0 in connection with certain “material acquisitions,” or under the Increased Net Leverage Ratio Period. The acquisition of Ali Industries, LLC which occurred on September 1, 2020 and qualified as a “material acquisition,” which enables us to request an increase in the maximum permitted Net Leverage Ratio covenant. We provided such notice to our Administrative Agent during our second quarter of fiscal 2021, and therefore, our Net Leverage Ratio covenant has been increased to i 4.25 to 1.0 through August 31, 2021. The minimum required consolidated interest coverage ratio for EBITDA to interest expense is i 3.50 to 1. The interest coverage ratio is calculated at the end of each fiscal quarter for the four fiscal quarters then ended using EBITDA as defined in the Revolving Credit Facility.

As of May 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all financial covenants contained in our Revolving Credit Facility, including the leverage and interest coverage ratio covenants. At that date, our leverage ratio was i 2.17 to 1, while our interest coverage ratio was i 12.24 to 1. Our available liquidity under our Revolving Credit Facility stood at $ i 960.4 million at May 31, 2021.

Our access to funds under our Revolving Credit Facility is dependent on the ability of the financial institutions that are parties to the Revolving Credit Facility to meet their funding commitments. Those financial institutions may not be able to meet their funding commitments if they experience shortages of capital and liquidity or if they experience excessive volumes of borrowing requests within a short period of time. Moreover, the obligations of the financial institutions under our Revolving Credit Facility are several and not joint and, as a result, a funding default by one or more institutions does not need to be made up by the others.

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program

On May 9, 2014, we entered into a $ i 200.0 million accounts receivable securitization facility (the “AR Program”) which was subsequently amended on May 22, 2020 to a maximum availability of $ i 250.0 million and an extended facility termination date of i May 21, 2021. On March 18, 2021, we amended the AR Program to a maximum availability of $ i 250 million during all borrowing periods

and an extended facility termination date of i May 21, 2024. The AR Program was entered into pursuant to (1) a second amended and restated receivables sales agreement, dated as of May 9, 2014, and subsequently amended on August 29, 2014; November 3, 2015; December 31, 2016; March 31, 2017; and June 5, 2020 (the “Sale Agreement”), among certain of our subsidiaries (the “Originators”), and RPM Funding Corporation, a special purpose entity (the “SPE”) whose voting interests are wholly owned by us, and (2) an amended and restated receivables purchase agreement, dated as of May 9, 2014 and subsequently amended on February 25, 2015 and May 2, 2017, May 22, 2020 and March 18, 2021 (the “Purchase Agreement”), among the SPE, certain purchasers from time to time party thereto (the “Purchasers”), and PNC Bank, National Association as administrative agent.

Under the Sale Agreement, the Originators may, during the term thereof, sell specified accounts receivable to the SPE, which may in turn, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, transfer an undivided interest in such accounts receivable to the Purchasers. Once transferred to the SPE, such receivables are owned in their entirety by the SPE and are not available to satisfy claims of our creditors or creditors of the originating subsidiaries until the obligations owing to the participating banks have been paid in full. We indirectly hold a i 100% economic interest in the SPE and will, along with our subsidiaries, receive the economic benefit of the AR Program. The transactions contemplated by the AR Program do not constitute a form of off-balance sheet financing and will be fully reflected in our financial statements.

The maximum availability under the AR Program is $ i 250.0 million. Availability is further subject to changes in the credit ratings of our customers, customer concentration levels or certain characteristics of the accounts receivable being transferred and, therefore, at certain times, we may not be able to fully access the $ i 250.0 million of funding available under the AR Program. As of May 31, 2021, there was i no outstanding balance under the AR Program, which compares with the maximum availability on that date of $ i 250.0 million.

The interest rate under the Purchase Agreement is based on the Alternate Base Rate, LIBOR Market Index Rate, one-month LIBOR or LIBOR for a specified tranche period, as selected by us, plus in each case, a margin of i 0.85%. In addition, as set forth in an Amended and Restated Fee Letter, dated March 18, 2021 (the “Fee Letter”), the SPE is obligated to pay a monthly unused commitment fee to the Purchasers based on the daily amount of unused commitments under the Agreement, which ranges from i 0.30% to i 0.50% based on usage. The AR Program contains various customary affirmative and negative covenants and also contains customary default and termination provisions.

Our failure to comply with the covenants described above and other covenants contained in the Revolving Credit Facility section above could result in an event of default under that agreement, entitling the lenders to, among other things, declare the entire amount outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility to be due and payable. The instruments governing our other outstanding indebtedness generally include cross-default provisions that provide that, under certain circumstances, an event of default that results in acceleration of our indebtedness under the Revolving Credit Facility will entitle the holders of such other indebtedness to declare amounts outstanding immediately due and payable.

3.45% Notes due 2022

On October 23, 2012, we sold $ i 300 million aggregated principal amount of i 3.45% Notes due 2022. The net proceeds of $ i 297.7 million from this offering were used to repay short-term borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility.

Term Loan Facility Credit Agreement

On February 21, 2020, we and our subsidiary, RPM Europe Holdco B.V. (formerly “RPM New Horizons Netherlands, B.V”). (the “Foreign Borrower”), entered into an unsecured syndicated term loan facility credit agreement (the “New Credit Facility”) with the lenders party thereto and PNC Bank, National Association, as administrative agent for the lenders. The New Credit Facility provides for a $ i 300 million term loan to us and a $ i 100 million term loan to the Foreign Borrower (together, the “Term Loans”), each of which was fully advanced on the closing date. The Term Loans mature on i February 21, 2023, with no scheduled amortization before that date, and the Term Loans may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium. We agreed to guarantee all obligations of the Foreign Borrower under the New Credit Facility. The proceeds of the Term Loans were used to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility. During fiscal 2021, the New Credit Facility was amended to replace RPM New Horizons Netherlands, B.V. with RPM Europe Holdco B.V.

The Term Loans will bear interest at either the base rate or the Eurodollar Rate, at our option, plus a spread determined by our debt rating. We, and the Foreign Borrower, have entered into multicurrency floating to fixed interest rate swap agreements that effectively fix interest payment obligations on the entire principal amount of the Term Loans through their maturity at (a) i 0.612% per annum on our Term Loan, and (b) i 0.558% per annum on the Foreign Borrower’s Term Loan.

The New Credit Facility contains customary covenants, including but not limited to, limitations on our ability, and in certain instances, our subsidiaries’ ability, to incur liens, make certain investments, or sell or transfer assets. Additionally, we may not permit (i) our consolidated interest coverage ratio to be less than i 3.5 to 1.0, or (ii) our leverage ratio (defined as the ratio of total indebtedness, less unencumbered cash and cash equivalents in excess of $ i 50 million, to consolidated EBITDA for the four most recent fiscal quarters) to exceed i 3.75 to 1.0. Upon notification to the lenders, however, the maximum permitted leverage ratio can be relaxed to i 4.25 to 1.0 for a one-year period in connection with certain material acquisitions. In addition, the agreement was amended on April 30, 2020 to allow the maximum permitted Net Leverage Ratio to be increased to i 4.25 to 1 during certain periods (refer to the “Revolving Credit Agreement”). As noted in the “Revolving Credit Agreement” above, we provided notice to our Administrative Agent during our second quarter of fiscal 2021, and therefore, our Net Leverage Ratio covenant has been increased to 4.25 to 1.0 through August 31, 2021. The covenants contained in the New Credit Facility are substantially similar to those contained in our Revolving Credit Facility. See “Revolving Credit Agreement” above for details on our compliance with all significant financial covenants at May 31, 2021.

5.250% Notes due 2045 and 3.750% Notes due 2027

On March 2, 2017, we issued $ i 50.0 million aggregate principal amount of i 5.250% Notes due 2045 (the “2045 Notes”) and $ i 400.0 million aggregate principal amount of i 3.750% Notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”). The 2045 Notes are a further issuance of the $ i 250 million aggregate principal amount of i 5.250% Notes due 2045 initially issued by us on May 29, 2015. i Interest on the 2045 Notes is payable semiannually in arrears on June 1st and December 1st of each year at a rate of 5.250% per year. The 2045 Notes mature on i June 1, 2045. i Interest on the 2027 Notes is payable semiannually in arrears on March 15th and September 15th of each year, at a rate of 3.750% per year. The 2027 Notes mature on i March 15, 2027. The indenture governing this indebtedness includes cross-acceleration provisions. Under certain circumstances, where an event of default under our other instruments results in acceleration of the indebtedness under such instruments, holders of the indebtedness under the indenture are entitled to declare amounts outstanding immediately due and payable.

4.550% Notes due 2029

On February 27, 2019, we closed an offering for $ i 350.0 million aggregate principal amount of i 4.550% Notes due 2029 (the “2029 Notes”). The proceeds from the 2029 Notes were used to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility and for general corporate purposes. i Interest on the 2029 Notes accrues from February 27, 2019 and is payable semiannually in arrears on March 1^st and September 1^st of each year, beginning September 1, 2019, at a rate of 4.550% per year. The 2029 Notes mature on i March 1, 2029. The indenture governing this indebtedness includes cross-acceleration provisions. Under certain circumstances, where an event of default under our other instruments results in acceleration of the indebtedness under such instruments, holders of the indebtedness under the indenture are entitled to declare amounts outstanding immediately due and payable.

4.250% Notes due 2048

On December 20, 2017, we closed an offering for $ i 300.0 million aggregate principal amount of i 4.250% Notes due 2048 (the “2048 Notes”). The proceeds from the 2048 Notes were used to repay $ i 250.0 million in principal amount of unsecured i 6.50% senior notes due i February 15, 2018, and for general corporate purposes. i Interest on the 2048 Notes accrues from December 20, 2017 and is payable semiannually in arrears on January 15^th and July 15^th of each year, beginning July 15, 2018, at a rate of 4.250% per year. The 2048 Notes mature on i January 15, 2048. The indenture governing this indebtedness includes cross-acceleration provisions. Under certain circumstances, where an event of default under our other instruments results in acceleration of the indebtedness under such instruments, holders of the indebtedness under the indenture are entitled to declare amounts outstanding immediately due and payable.

NOTE H — INCOME TAXES

The provision for income taxes is calculated in accordance with ASC 740, which requires the recognition of deferred income taxes using the asset and liability method.

Income before income taxes as shown in the Consolidated Statements of Income is summarized below for the periods indicated.

Year Ended May 31,

2020

2019

(In thousands)

United States

i 462,468

i 317,290

i 215,201

Foreign

i 205,970

i 90,474

i 124,644

Income Before Income Taxes

i 668,438

i 407,764

i 339,845

/ /

Provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following for the periods indicated:

Year Ended May 31,

2020

2019

(In thousands)

Current:

U.S. federal

i 60,666

i 65,195

i 20,388

State and local

i 18,959

i 17,743

i 8,623

Foreign

i 65,125

i 31,894

i 37,713

Total Current

i 144,750

i 114,832

i 66,724

Deferred:

U.S. federal

i 20,027

( i 19,212

)

i 15,298

State and local

i 3,878

( i 3,031

)

i 1,414

Foreign

( i 3,717

)

i 10,093

( i 11,278

)

Total Deferred

i 20,188

( i 12,150

)

i 5,434

Provision for Income Taxes

i 164,938

i 102,682

i 72,158

The significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of May 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

	2021			2020
(In thousands)
Deferred income tax assets related to:
Inventories	$	i 12,189		$	i 12,341
Allowance for losses		-			i 4,294
Accrued compensation and benefits		i 24,637			i 14,686
Accrued other expenses		i 28,511			i 15,107
Deferred income and other long-term liabilities		i 22,859			i 22,030
Credit and net operating and capital loss carryforwards		i 65,091			i 65,994
Net unrealized loss on securities		i 9,189			i 16,892
Pension and other postretirement benefits		i 34,180			i 76,147
Total Deferred Income Tax Assets		i 196,656			i 227,491
Less: valuation allowances		( i 64,696	)		( i 66,855	)
Net Deferred Income Tax Assets		i 131,960			i 160,636
Deferred income tax (liabilities) related to:
Depreciation		( i 85,717	)		( i 70,588	)
Amortization of intangibles		( i 107,963	)		( i 109,926	)
Unremitted foreign earnings		( i 17,871	)		( i 8,781	)
Total Deferred Income Tax (Liabilities)		( i 211,551	)		( i 189,295	)
Deferred Income Tax Assets (Liabilities), Net	$	( i 79,591	)	$	( i 28,659	)

At May 31, 2021, we had U.S. capital loss carryforwards of approximately $ i 25.8 million, of which $ i 21.5 million will expire if not used by the end of fiscal i 2022, with the balance expiring if unused by the end of fiscal 2025. Also, as of May 31, 2021, we had foreign tax credit carryforwards of $ i 27.3 million, which expire through fiscal i 2031. Additionally, as of May 31, 2021, we had approximately $ i 4.5 million of tax benefits associated with state net operating loss carryforwards and state tax credit carryforwards, some of which expire at various dates beginning in fiscal i 2022. Also, as of May 31, 2021, we had foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ i 149.4 million, of which approximately $ i 14.7 million will expire at various dates beginning in fiscal i 2022 and approximately $ i 134.7 million that have an indefinite carryforward period. Additionally, as of May 31, 2021, we had foreign capital loss carryforwards of approximately $ i 26.8 million that can be carried forward indefinitely.

When evaluating the realizability of deferred income tax assets, we consider, among other items, whether a jurisdiction has experienced cumulative pretax losses and whether a jurisdiction will generate the appropriate character of income to recognize a deferred income tax asset. More specifically, if a jurisdiction experiences cumulative pretax losses for a period of three years, including the current fiscal year, or if a jurisdiction does not have sufficient income of the appropriate character in the relevant carryback or projected carryforward periods, we generally conclude that it is more likely than not that the respective deferred tax asset will not be realized unless factors such as expected operational changes, availability of prudent and feasible tax planning strategies, reversal of taxable temporary differences or other information exists that would lead us to conclude otherwise. If, after we have

evaluated these factors, the deferred income tax assets are not expected to be realized within the carryforward or carryback periods allowed for that jurisdiction, we would conclude that a valuation allowance is required.

Total valuation allowances of approximately $ i 64.7 million and $ i 66.9 million have been recorded as of May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These recorded valuation allowances relate primarily to U.S. capital losses, state net operating losses and certain foreign net operating losses, net foreign deferred tax assets and foreign tax credit carryforwards. The year-over-year decrease in valuation allowances is primarily attributable to reversals for the realization of U.S. capital loss carryforwards, partially offset by an increase for foreign tax credit carryforwards.

The following table reconciles income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate against income (loss) before income taxes to the provision (benefit) for income taxes:

Year Ended May 31,

2020

2019

(In thousands, except percentages)

Income tax expense at the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate

i 140,372

i 85,630

i 71,367

Foreign rate differential and other foreign tax adjustments

i 11,942

i 3,433

( i 1,571

)

State and local income taxes, net

i 18,625

i 11,651

i 7,224

Impact of GILTI provisions

i 1,598

i 3,051

i 5,772

Nondeductible business expense

i 616

i 2,005

i 2,259

Valuation allowance

( i 4,389

)

i 14,008

i 7,021

Deferred tax liability for unremitted foreign earnings

i 5,348

( i 5,527

)

Changes in unrecognized tax benefits

( i 1,847

)

i 1,292

( i 8,480

)

Other

i 1,324

( i 3,351

)

i 1,195

FY19 GILTI impact of issued regulations

( i 4,348

)

Equity-based compensation

( i 8,651

)

( i 5,162

)

( i 4,496

)

Transition tax liability

( i 1,868

)

Remeasurement of U.S. deferred income taxes

( i 6,265

)

Provision for Income Tax Expense

i 164,938

i 102,682

i 72,158

Effective Income Tax Rate

i 24.7

i 25.2

i 21.2

Uncertain income tax positions are accounted for in accordance with ASC 740. The following table summarizes the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits:

(In millions)	2021			2020			2019
Balance at June 1	$	i 9.0		$	i 8.1		$	i 14.1
Additions based on tax positions related to current year		-			-			i 0.1
Additions for tax positions of prior years		-			i 2.0			i 2.0
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		( i 1.8	)		( i 0.9	)		( i 7.9	)
Foreign currency translation		i 0.3			( i 0.2	)		( i 0.2	)
Balance at May 31	$	i 7.5		$	i 9.0		$	i 8.1

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that would impact the effective tax rate, if recognized, was $ i 7.0 million at May 31, 2021, $ i 8.6 million at May 31, 2020 and $ i 7.7 million at May 31, 2019.

We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. At May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the accrual for interest and penalties was $ i 2.9 million, $ i 2.9 million and $ i 3.0 million, respectively. Unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, have been classified as other long-term liabilities unless expected to be paid in one year.

We file income tax returns in the United States and in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. With limited exceptions, we are subject to federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for fiscal 2014 through 2021. We are currently under examination, or have been notified of an upcoming tax examination, for various non-U.S. and domestic state and local jurisdictions. Although it is possible that certain tax examinations could be resolved during the next 12 months, the timing and outcomes are uncertain.

Our deferred tax liability for unremitted foreign earnings was $ i 17.9 million as of May 31, 2021, which represents our estimate of the tax cost associated with the deemed remittance of $ i 466.6 million of foreign earnings that are not considered to be permanently reinvested.

We have not provided for U.S. income taxes or foreign withholding taxes on the remaining $ i 1.2 billion of foreign unremitted earnings because such earnings have been retained and reinvested by the foreign subsidiaries as of May 31, 2021. Accordingly, i no provision has been made for U.S. income taxes or foreign withholding taxes, which may become payable if the remaining unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries were distributed to the United States. Due to the uncertainties and complexities involved in the various options for repatriation of foreign earnings, it is not practical to calculate the deferred taxes associated with the remaining foreign earnings.

NOTE I — STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM

On i January 8, 2008, we announced our authorization of a stock repurchase program under which we may repurchase shares of RPM International Inc. common stock at management’s discretion for general corporate purposes. As announced on November 28, 2018, our goal was to return $ i 1.0 billion in capital to stockholders by May 31, 2021 through share repurchases and the retirement of our convertible note during fiscal 2019. On April 16, 2019, after taking into account share repurchases under our existing stock repurchase program to date, and the impact of retiring our convertible note, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of the remaining $ i 600.0 million in value of RPM International Inc. common stock by May 31, 2021. As a result, we may repurchase shares from time to time in the open market or in private transactions at various times and in amounts and for prices that our management deems appropriate, subject to insider trading rules and other securities law restrictions. The timing of our purchases will depend upon prevailing market conditions, alternative uses of capital and other factors. We may limit or terminate the repurchase program at any time.

As previously announced, given macroeconomic uncertainty resulting from the Covid pandemic, we had suspended stock repurchases under the program. In January 2021, our Board of Directors authorized the resumption of stock repurchases under the stock repurchase program. At the time of resuming the program, $ i 469.7 million of shares of common stock remained available for repurchase. The Board of Directors also extended the stock repurchase program beyond its original i May 31, 2021 expiration date until such time that the remaining $ i 469.7 million of shares of capital has been returned to our stockholders.

During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2021, we repurchased i 594,061 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $ i 50.0 million, or an average cost of $ i 84.09 per share, under this program. During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2020, we repurchased i 2,041,847 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $ i 125.0 million, or an average cost of $ i 61.22 per share, under this program. During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019, we repurchased i 3,286,907 shares of our common stock at a cost of approximately $ i 200.2 million, or an average cost of $ i 60.92 per share, under this program. The maximum dollar amount that may yet be repurchased under our stock repurchase program was approximately $ i 419.8 million at May 31, 2021.

NOTE J — STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock-based compensation represents the cost related to stock-based awards granted to our employees and directors; these awards include restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance stocks, performance stock units and SARs. We grant stock-based incentive awards to our employees and our directors under various share-based compensation plans. The plan that is active or provides for stock option grants or share-based payment awards is the Amended and Restated 2014 Omnibus Equity and Incentive Plan (the “2014 Omnibus Plan”), which includes provisions for grants of restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance stock, performance stock units and SARs. Other plans, which provide for restricted stock grants only, include the 2003 Restricted Stock Plan for Directors (the “2003 Plan”) and the 2007 Restricted Stock Plan (the “2007 Plan”). At May 31, 2021, the shares available for grant out of the 2003 Plan and the 2007 Plan have been exhausted, and all future grants will be issued from the 2014 Omnibus Plan.

We measure stock-based compensation cost at the date of grant, based on the estimated fair value of the award. We recognize the cost as expense on a straight-line basis (net of estimated forfeitures) over the related vesting period.

The following table represents total stock-based compensation expense included in our Consolidated Statements of Income:

Year Ended May 31,

2020

2019

(In thousands)

Stock-based compensation expense, included in SG&A

i 40,926

i 19,789

i 31,154

Stock-based compensation expense, included in restructuring expense

i 47

i 116

i 4,283

Total stock-based compensation cost

i 40,973

i 19,905

i 35,437

Income tax (benefit)

( i 6,877

)

( i 2,784

)

( i 6,937

)

Total stock-based compensation cost, net of tax

i 34,096

i 17,121

i 28,500

SARs

SARs are awards that allow our employees to receive shares of our common stock at a fixed price. We grant SARs at an exercise price equal to the stock price on the date of the grant. The fair value of SARs granted is estimated as of the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The expected life of options granted is derived from the input of the option-pricing model and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. Expected volatility rates are based on historical volatility of shares of our common stock.

The following is a summary of our weighted-average assumptions related to SARs grants made during the last three fiscal years:

Year Ended May 31,	2021			2020			2019
Risk-free interest rate		i 0.4	%		i 1.9	%		i 2.9	%
Expected life of option	6.5 yrs			6.5 yrs			6.5 yrs
Expected dividend yield		i 1.8	%		i 2.3	%		i 2.1	%
Expected volatility rate		i 24.0	%		i 22.4	%		i 25.2	%

The 2014 Omnibus Plan was approved by our stockholders on i October 9, 2014, and amendments to the 2014 Omnibus Plan were subsequently approved by our stockholders in 2018 and 2019. The 2014 Omnibus Plan provides us with the flexibility to grant a wide variety of stock and stock-based awards, as well as dollar-denominated performance-based awards, and is intended to be the primary stock-based award program for covered employees. SARs are issued at fair value at the date of grant, have up to ten-year terms and have graded-vesting terms over i four years. Compensation cost for these awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the related vesting period. Currently all SARs outstanding are to be settled with stock. As of May 31, 2021, there were i 2,005,000 SARs outstanding.

The following tables summarize option and share-based payment activity (including SARs) under these plans during the fiscal year ended May 31, 2021:

	2021
Share-Based Payments	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Number of Shares Under Option
(Shares in thousands)
Balance at June 1, 2020	$	i 49.88		i 2,482
Options granted		i 78.49		i 360
Options exercised		i 39.69		( i 837	)
Balance at May 31, 2021		i 59.28		i 2,005
Exercisable at May 31, 2021	$	i 52.56		i 1,107

SARs	2021		2020		2019
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Weighted-average grant-date fair value per SAR	$	i 14.38	$	i 11.59	$	i 14.08
Intrinsic value of options exercised	$	i 8.80	$	i 9.62	$	i 9.29
Tax benefit from options exercised	$	i 8,821	$	i 5,936	$	i 3,210
Fair value of SARS vested	$	i 12.59	$	i 12.27	$	i 9.30

At May 31, 2021, the aggregate intrinsic value and weighted-average remaining contractual life of options outstanding was $ i 68.7 million and i 6.55 years, respectively, while the aggregate intrinsic value and weighted-average remaining contractual life of options exercisable was $ i 45.4 million and i 5.27 years, respectively.

At May 31, 2021, the total unamortized stock-based compensation expense related to SARs that were previously granted was $ i 7.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over i 2.42 years. We anticipate that approximately i 2.0 million shares at a weighted-average exercise price of $ i 59.26 and a weighted-average remaining contractual term of i 6.5 years will ultimately vest under these plans.

Restricted Stock Plans

We also grant stock-based awards, which may be made in the form of restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance stock and performance stock units. These awards are granted to eligible employees or directors, and entitle the holder to shares of our common stock as the award vests. The fair value of the awards is determined and fixed based on the stock price at the date of grant. A description of our restricted stock plans follows.

Under the 2014 Omnibus Plan, a total of i 6,000,000 shares of our common stock may be subject to awards. Of those issuable shares, up to i 3,000,000 shares of common stock may be subject to “full-value” awards. In October 2019, shareholders approved an amendment to the 2014 Omnibus Plan making an additional i 5,000,000 shares of common stock subject to awards. Of those additional issuable shares, i 2,250,000 shares may be subject to “full-value” awards similar to those issued under the 2014 Omnibus Plan.

The following table summarizes the share-based performance-earned restricted stock (“PERS”) and performance stock units (“PSUs”) activity during the fiscal year ended May 31, 2021:

	Weighted-Average
	Grant-Date
	Fair Value		2021
(Shares in thousands)
Balance at June 1, 2020	$	i 60.51		i 865
Shares granted		i 80.67		i 427
Shares forfeited		i 65.24		( i 18	)
Shares vested		i 53.69		( i 158	)
Balance at May 31, 2021	$	i 69.13		i 1,116

The weighted-average grant-date fair value was $ i 80.67, $ i 63.52 and $ i 60.36 for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The restricted stock and performance stock cliff vest after i three years. Nonvested restricted shares of common stock under the 2014 Omnibus Plan are eligible for dividend payments, while performance stock units are not eligible for dividend payments. At May 31, 2021, remaining unamortized deferred compensation expense for performance-earned restricted stock totaled $ i 18.7 million. The remaining amount is being amortized over the applicable vesting period for each participant.

On October 3, 2018, our Compensation Committee granted in the aggregate i 192,000 Performance Stock Units (the “2018 PSUs”) to certain executives at a weighted-average grant-date price of $ i 60.50 per PSU. The awards are contingent upon the level of attainment of performance goals for the three-year performance period from June 1, 2018 ending May 31, 2021. Vesting of i 50% of the 2018 PSUs relates to compounded annualized growth rates in adjusted revenue for the period, and the vesting of the remaining i 50% relates to an increase in EBIT margin, measured at the end of the three-year performance period. The number of PSUs that may vest with respect to the achievement of the performance goals may range from i 0% to i 200% of the PSUs granted under this program. Compensation cost for these awards has been recognized on a straight-line basis over the related performance period, with consideration given to the probability of attaining the performance goals. As of May 31, 2021, there were i 158,000 “2018 PSUs” outstanding and the expense has been fully recognized, in line with the final results achieved for the three-year performance period as compared to the performance goals.

On July 18, 2019, our Compensation Committee granted in the aggregate i 178,000 Performance Stock Units (the “2019 PSUs”) to certain executives at a weighted-average grant-date price of $ i 62.17 per PSU. The awards are contingent upon the level of attainment of performance goals for the three-year performance period from June 1, 2019 ending May 31, 2022. Vesting of i 50% of the 2019 PSUs relates to compounded annualized growth rates in adjusted revenue for the period, and the vesting of the remaining i 50% relates to an increase in EBIT margin, measured at the end of the three-year performance period. The number of PSUs that may vest with respect to the achievement of the performance goals may range from i 0% to i 200% of the PSUs granted under this program. Compensation cost for these awards has been recognized on a straight-line basis over the related performance period, with consideration given to the probability of attaining the performance goals. As of May 31, 2021, there were i 178,000 “2019 PSUs” outstanding and $ i 2.3 million unamortized stock-based compensation, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of i 1.0 years.

On July 22, 2020, our Compensation Committee granted in the aggregate i 225,500 Performance Stock Units (the “2020 PSUs”) to certain executives at a weighted-average grant-date price of $ i 78.49 per PSU. The awards are contingent upon the level of attainment of performance goals for the three-year performance period from June 1, 2020 ending May 31, 2023. Vesting of i 50% of the 2020 PSUs relates to compounded annualized growth rates in adjusted revenue for the period, and the vesting of the remaining i 50% relates to an increase in EBIT margin, measured at the end of the three-year performance period. The number of PSUs that may vest with respect to the achievement of the performance goals may range from i 0% to i 200% of the PSUs granted under this program.

Compensation cost for these awards has been recognized on a straight-line basis over the related performance period, with consideration given to the probability of attaining the performance goals. As of May 31, 2021, there were i 225,500 “2020 PSUs” outstanding and $ i 24.3 million unamortized stock-based compensation, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of i 2.0 years.

The 2003 Plan was approved on i October 10, 2003 by our stockholders, and was established primarily for the purpose of recruiting and retaining directors, and to align the interests of directors with the interests of our stockholders. Only directors who are not our employees are eligible to participate. Under the 2003 Plan, up to i 500,000 shares of our common stock may be awarded, with awards cliff vesting over a three-year period. At May 31, 2021, the shares available for grant out of the 2003 Plan have been exhausted, and all future grants will be issued from the 2014 Omnibus Plan. i The following table summarizes the share-based activity under the 2003 Plan and 2014 Omnibus Plan related to directors during fiscal 2021:

	Weighted-Average
	Grant-Date
	Fair Value		2021
(Shares in thousands)
Balance at June 1, 2020	$	i 60.25		i 62
Shares granted to directors		i 87.35		i 19
Shares vested		i 56.02		( i 25	)
Balance at May 31, 2021	$	i 71.19		i 56

The weighted-average grant-date fair value was $ i 87.35, $ i 67.26 and $ i 60.50 for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Unamortized deferred compensation expense relating to restricted stock grants for directors of $ i 2.0 million at May 31, 2021, is being amortized over the applicable remaining vesting period for each director. Nonvested restricted shares of common stock under the 2003 Plan are eligible for dividend payments. At May 31, 2021, the shares available for grant out of the 2003 Plan have been exhausted, and all future grants will be issued from the 2014 Omnibus Plan.

During fiscal 2021, a total of i 35,102 shares were awarded under the 2014 Omnibus Plan to certain employees as supplemental retirement benefits, generally subject to forfeiture. The shares vest upon the latter of attainment of age 55 and the fifth anniversary of the May 31^st immediately preceding the date of the grant. i The following table sets forth such awards for the year ended May 31, 2021:

	Weighted-Average
	Grant-Date
	Fair Value		2021
(Shares in thousands)
Balance at June 1, 2020	$	i 33.82		i 446
Shares granted		i 78.49		i 35
Shares exercised		i 33.25		( i 63	)
Balance at May 31, 2021	$	i 37.89		i 418

The weighted-average grant-date fair value was $ i 78.49, $ i 62.17 and $ i 60.01 for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As noted above, as of May 31, 2021, i i no / shares remain available for future grant under the 2007 Plan, and future issuances of shares as supplemental retirement benefits are made under the 2014 Omnibus Plan. At May 31, 2021, unamortized stock-based compensation expense of $ i 0.2 million and $ i 4.7 million relating to the 2007 Plan and the 2014 Omnibus Plan, respectively, are being amortized over the applicable vesting period associated with each participant.

The following table summarizes the activity for all nonvested restricted shares during the year ended May 31, 2021:

	Weighted-Average
	Grant-Date Fair		Number of
	Value		Shares
(Shares in thousands)
Balance at June 1, 2020	$	i 58.03		i 1,120
Granted		i 80.77		i 481
Vested		i 49.95		( i 250	)
Forfeited		i 65.24		( i 18	)
Balance at May 31, 2021	$	i 67.65		i 1,333

The remaining weighted-average contractual term of nonvested restricted shares at May 31, 2021 is the same as the period over which the remaining cost of the awards will be recognized, which is approximately i 2.27 years. The fair value of the nonvested restricted share awards have been calculated using the market value of the shares on the date of issuance. For the years ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the weighted-average grant-date fair value for restricted share grants was $ i 80.77, $ i 63.62 and $ i 60.34, respectively. The total fair value of shares that vested during the years ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $ i 12.5 million, $ i 20.8 million and $ i 37.8 million, respectively. We anticipate that approximately i 1.33 million shares at a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $ i 67.65 and a weighted-average remaining contractual term of i 2.27 years will ultimately vest, based upon the unique terms and participants of each plan. i 250,329 shares of restricted stock were vested during the year ended May 31, 2021, with i 420,571 restricted shares vested during the year ended May 31, 2020. The total intrinsic value of restricted shares converted during the years ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $ i 20.7 million, $ i 26.8 million and $ i 58.1 million, respectively.

Total unrecognized compensation cost related to all nonvested awards of restricted shares of common stock was $ i 52.2 million as of May 31, 2021. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of i 2.27 years. We did not receive any cash from employees as a result of employee vesting and release of restricted shares for the year ended May 31, 2021.

NOTE K — ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consists of the following components:

Pension And

Other

Postretirement

Unrealized

Foreign

Benefit

Gain

Gain (Loss)

Currency

Liability

(Loss) On

Translation

Adjustments,

Derivatives,

Securities,

(In thousands)

Adjustments

Net of Tax

Total

Balance at June 1, 2018

( i 300,013

)

( i 157,495

)

( i 131

)

( i 1,409

)

( i 459,048

)

Reclassification adjustments for gains included in net

income, net of taxes of $ i 151

i 1,777

Other comprehensive income

( i 73,660

)

( i 70,785

)

i 4,713

i 307

( i 139,425

)

Deferred taxes

i 3,178

i 16,635

( i 203

)

( i 542

)

i 19,068

Balance at May 31, 2019

( i 370,495

)

( i 211,645

)

i 4,379

i 133

( i 577,628

)

Reclassification adjustments for gains (losses) included

in net income, net of taxes of $ i 0

Other comprehensive income

( i 71,820

)

( i 86,347

)

( i 6,315

)

i 1,210

( i 163,272

)

Deferred taxes

i 1,583

i 20,275

i 1,865

( i 320

)

i 23,403

Balance at May 31, 2020

( i 440,732

)

( i 277,717

)

( i 71

)

i 1,023

( i 717,497

)

Reclassification adjustments for gains included in net

income, net of taxes of $ i 77

i 191

Other comprehensive income

i 148,360

i 113,984

( i 31,087

)

( i 1,052

)

i 230,205

Deferred taxes

( i 7,993

)

( i 26,877

)

i 7,176

( i 89

)

( i 27,783

)

Balance at May 31, 2021

( i 300,365

)

( i 190,610

)

( i 23,982

)

i 73

( i 514,884

)

/ /

NOTE L — EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:

Year Ended May 31,

2020

2019

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

Numerator for earnings per share:

Net income attributable to RPM International Inc. stockholders

i 502,643

i 304,385

i 266,558

Less: Allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities

( i 4,018

)

( i 1,956

)

( i 1,514

)

Net income available to common shareholders - basic

i 498,625

i 302,429

i 265,044

Reverse: Allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities

i 1,956

i 1,514

Add: Undistributed earnings reallocated to unvested shareholders

i 13

Add: Income effect of contingently issuable shares

i 3,655

Net income available to common shareholders - diluted

i 498,638

i 304,385

i 270,213

Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share:

Basic weighted average common shares

i 128,334

i 128,468

i 130,552

Average diluted options

i 593

i 1,506

i 1,838

Net issuable common share equivalents (1)

i 1,943

Total shares for diluted earnings per share (2)

i 128,927

i 129,974

i 134,333

Earnings Per Share of Common Stock Attributable to

RPM International Inc. Stockholders:

Basic Earnings Per Share of Common Stock

i 3.89

i 2.35

i 2.03

Method used to calculate basic earnings per share

i Two-Class

Diluted Earnings Per Share of Common Stock

i 3.87

i 2.34

i 2.01

Method used to calculate diluted earnings per share

i Two-Class

i Treasury

(1)

Represents the number of shares that would be issued if our contingently convertible notes had been converted. We included these shares in the calculation of diluted EPS as the conversion of the notes were eligible to be settled, at our election, in cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock. On i November 27, 2018, we redeemed all of our i 2.25% convertible senior notes due i 2020, primarily for cash, but also issued i 598,601 shares of our common stock in the transaction.

(2)	For the years ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, approximately i 362,016, i 340,000 and i 862,500 shares of stock, respectively, granted under stock-based compensation plans were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS, as the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

NOTE M — LEASES

We have leases for manufacturing facilities, warehouses, office facilities, equipment, and vehicles, which are primarily classified and accounted for as operating leases. We have a small portfolio of finance leases, which are not material to our Consolidated Financial Statements. i Some leases include one or more options to renew, generally at our sole discretion, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from i one to i five years or more. / i In addition, certain leases contain termination options, where the rights to terminate are held by either us, the lessor, or both parties. These options to extend or terminate a lease are included in the lease terms when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. We have made an accounting policy election not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less, with no purchase option that we are reasonably certain to exercise. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the fixed and in-substance fixed lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. The ROU assets also include any initial direct costs incurred and lease payments made at or before the commencement date and are reduced by lease incentives. We use our incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate to determine the present value of the lease payments for leases, as our leases do not have readily determinable implicit discount rates. Our incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest that we would have to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term and amount in a similar economic environment. We determine the incremental borrowing rates for our leases by adjusting the local risk-free interest rate with a credit risk premium corresponding to our credit rating.

Operating lease cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Finance lease cost is recognized as a combination of the amortization expense for the ROU assets and interest expense for the outstanding lease liabilities using the discount rate discussed above. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Our lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Income from subleases was not significant for any period presented.

The following represents our lease costs as of May 31, 2021 and 2020:

May 31,	2021		2020
(In thousands)
Operating lease expense	$	i 76,581	$	i 73,665
Variable lease expense		i 9,292		i 7,243
Short-term lease expense		i 2,022		i 2,583

Total rental expense for all operating leases amounted to $ i 64.9 million for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019.

The following represents our supplemental cash flow, balance sheet, and other required disclosures as of May 31, 2021 and 2020:

May 31,	2021			2020
(In thousands)
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	i 71,257		$	i 69,444
Leased assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations		i 69,375			i 61,614

Current portion of operating leases within Other Accrued Liabilities	$	i 58,563		$	i 52,589

Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases (in years)	8.6			9.1
Weighted average discount rate for operating leases		i 3.4	%		i 3.7	%

The following represents our future undiscounted cash flows for each of the next five years and thereafter and reconciliation to the lease liabilities, as of May 31, 2021:

(In thousands)
Year ending May 31,	Operating Leases
2022	$	i 67,058
2023		i 54,667
2024		i 42,986
2025		i 34,464
2026		i 29,655
Thereafter		i 142,155
Total lease payments	$	i 370,985
Less imputed interest		i 55,007
Total present value of lease liabilities	$	i 315,978

NOTE N — PENSION PLANS

We sponsor several pension plans for our employees, including our principal plan (the “Retirement Plan”), which is a non-contributory defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all domestic non-union employees. Pension benefits are provided for certain domestic union employees through separate plans. Employees of our foreign subsidiaries receive pension coverage, to the extent deemed appropriate, through plans that are governed by local statutory requirements.

The Retirement Plan provides benefits that are based upon years of service and average compensation with accrued benefits vesting after i five years. Benefits for union employees are generally based upon years of service, or a combination of years of service and average compensation. Our pension funding policy considers contributions in an amount on an annual basis that can be deducted for federal income tax purposes, using a different actuarial cost method and different assumptions from those used for financial reporting. For the fiscal year ending May 31, 2022, we are required to contribute approximately $ i 1.0 million to the retirement plans in the United

States and approximately $ i 5.0 million to our foreign plans. During the year, we will evaluate whether to make additional contributions. During fiscal 2021, we contributed $ i 62.3 million to the pension plans in the United States which was in excess of the required contribution of $ i 8,000, but serves to improve the funded status of the plans.

Net periodic pension cost consisted of the following for the year ended May 31:

U.S. Plans

Non-U.S. Plans

(In thousands)

2021

2020

2019

2021

2020

2019

Service cost

i 44,520

i 39,425

i 37,528

i 6,355

i 5,400

i 4,693

Interest cost

i 15,223

i 20,415

i 21,987

i 5,308

i 4,842

i 5,420

Expected return on plan assets

( i 33,115

)

( i 34,291

)

( i 33,867

)

( i 7,286

)

( i 7,118

)

( i 7,907

)

Amortization of:

Prior service cost

i 8

i 9

i 118

( i 150

)

( i 36

)

( i 30

)

Net actuarial losses recognized

i 30,005

i 18,516

i 13,087

i 2,377

i 2,029

i 1,229

Curtailment/settlement losses

i 356

i 86

i 89

Net Pension Cost

i 56,641

i 44,074

i 38,853

i 6,960

i 5,203

i 3,494

The changes in benefit obligations and plan assets, as well as the funded status of our pension plans at May 31, 2021 and 2020, were as follows:

	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
(In thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	i 762,739		$	i 660,277		$	i 210,278		$	i 205,967
Service cost		i 44,520			i 39,425			i 6,355			i 5,400
Interest cost		i 15,223			i 20,415			i 5,308			i 4,842
Benefits paid		( i 64,139	)		( i 41,186	)		( i 9,248	)		( i 6,269	)
Participant contributions		-			-			i 1,140			i 1,106
Plan amendments		-			-			-			( i 893	)
Plan combination		-			-			-			i 922
Plan settlements/curtailments		-			-			( i 2,342	)		( i 288	)
Actuarial losses/(gains)		i 63,730			i 83,808			( i 7,774	)		i 2,718
Premiums paid		-			-			( i 103	)		( i 99	)
Currency exchange rate changes		-			-			i 28,414			( i 3,128	)
Benefit Obligation at End of Year	$	i 822,073		$	i 762,739		$	i 232,028		$	i 210,278
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$	i 516,550		$	i 496,865		$	i 194,874		$	i 187,112
Actual return on plan assets		i 157,702			i 8,689			i 21,350			i 9,899
Employer contributions		i 62,264			i 52,182			i 7,119			i 6,331
Participant contributions		-			-			i 1,140			i 1,106
Benefits paid		( i 64,139	)		( i 41,186	)		( i 9,248	)		( i 6,269	)
Plan combination		-			-			-			i 182
Premiums paid		-			-			( i 103	)		( i 99	)
Plan settlements/curtailments		-			-			( i 2,327	)		( i 281	)
Currency exchange rate changes		-			-			i 27,048			( i 3,107	)
Fair Value of Plan Assets at End of Year	$	i 672,377		$	i 516,550		$	i 239,853		$	i 194,874
(Deficit)/Surplus of plan assets versus benefit obligations at end of year	$	( i 149,696	)	$	( i 246,189	)	$	i 7,825		$	( i 15,404	)
Net Amount Recognized	$	( i 149,696	)	$	( i 246,189	)	$	i 7,825		$	( i 15,404	)
Accumulated Benefit Obligation	$	i 702,315		$	i 662,197		$	i 217,012		$	i 197,167

The fair value of the assets held by our pension plans has increased at May 31, 2021 since our previous measurement date at May 31, 2020, due to our plan contributions and market returns. Total plan liabilities have increased due to increased benefit accruals and a decrease in the discount rate used to value the liability. We have decreased our recorded liability for the net underfunded status of our pension plans. Due to the level of Plan assets and expected returns, we expect pension expense in fiscal 2022 to be lower when compared to our fiscal 2021 expense level. Any future declines in the value of our pension plan assets or increases in our plan liabilities could require us to increase our recorded liability for the net underfunded status of our pension plans and could also require accelerated and higher cash contributions to our pension plans.

Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
(In thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Noncurrent assets	$	-		$	-		$	i 22,698		$	i 13,395
Current liabilities		( i 8	)		( i 8	)		( i 471	)		( i 547	)
Noncurrent liabilities		( i 149,688	)		( i 246,181	)		( i 14,402	)		( i 28,252	)
Net Amount Recognized	$	( i 149,696	)	$	( i 246,189	)	$	i 7,825		$	( i 15,404	)

The following table summarizes the relationship between our plans' benefit obligations and assets:

U.S. Plans

2021

2020

(In thousands)

Benefit

Obligation

Plan Assets

Benefit

Obligation

Plan Assets

Plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets

i 822,073

i 672,377

i 762,739

i 516,550

Plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets

i 702,315

i 672,377

i 662,197

i 516,550

Plans with assets in excess of projected benefit obligations

Plans with assets in excess of accumulated benefit obligations

Non-U.S. Plans

2021

2020

(In thousands)

Benefit

Obligation

Plan Assets

Benefit

Obligation

Plan Assets

Plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets

i 45,294

i 30,421

i 163,589

i 134,791

Plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets

i 43,522

i 30,421

i 150,478

i 134,598

Plans with assets in excess of projected benefit obligations

i 186,734

i 209,432

i 46,689

i 60,083

Plans with assets in excess of accumulated benefit obligations

i 173,490

i 209,432

i 46,689

i 60,276

The following table presents the pretax net actuarial loss and prior service (costs) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) not affecting retained earnings:

	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
(In thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Net actuarial loss	$	( i 250,317	)	$	( i 341,179	)	$	( i 30,045	)	$	( i 48,090	)
Prior service (costs) credits		( i 12	)		( i 20	)		i 1,023			i 1,098
Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income not affecting retained earnings	$	( i 250,329	)	$	( i 341,199	)	$	( i 29,022	)	$	( i 46,992	)

The following table includes the changes recognized in other comprehensive income:

		U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
(In thousands)		2021			2020			2021			2020
Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income:
	Prior service cost	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	( i 893	)
	Net loss (gain) arising during the year		( i 60,857	)		i 109,409			( i 21,838	)		( i 70	)
	Effect of exchange rates on amounts included in AOCI		-			-			i 6,465			( i 922	)
Amounts recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost:
	Amortization or curtailment recognition of prior service (cost) benefit		( i 8	)		( i 9	)		i 150			i 36
	Amortization or settlement recognition of net (loss)		( i 30,005	)		( i 18,516	)		( i 2,748	)		( i 2,115	)
	Total recognized in other comprehensive loss (income)	$	( i 90,870	)	$	i 90,884		$	( i 17,971	)	$	( i 3,964	)

In measuring the projected benefit obligation and net periodic pension cost for our plans, we utilize actuarial valuations. These valuations include specific information pertaining to individual plan participants, such as salary, age and years of service, along with certain assumptions. The most significant assumptions applied include discount rates, expected return on plan assets and rate of compensation increases. We evaluate these assumptions, at a minimum, on an annual basis, and make required changes, as applicable. In developing our expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets, we consider the current and expected target asset allocations of the pension portfolio, as well as historical returns and future expectations for returns on various categories of plan assets. Expected return on assets is determined by using the weighted-average return on asset classes based on expected return for the target asset allocations of the principal asset categories held by each plan. In determining expected return, we consider both historical performance and an estimate of future long-term rates of return. Actual experience is used to develop the assumption for compensation increases.

The following weighted-average assumptions were used to determine our year-end benefit obligations and net periodic pension cost under the plans:

	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
Year-End Benefit Obligations	2021			2020			2021			2020
Discount rate		i 2.75	%		i 2.77	%		i 2.72	%		i 2.49	%
Rate of compensation increase		i 3.19	%		i 3.19	%		i 2.91	%		i 2.86	%

	U.S. Plans									Non-U.S. Plans
Net Periodic Pension Cost	2021			2020			2019			2021			2020			2019
Discount rate		i 2.78	%		i 3.65	%		i 4.12	%		i 2.49	%		i 2.61	%		i 3.09	%
Expected return on plan assets		i 7.00	%		i 7.40	%		i 7.40	%		i 3.30	%		i 3.91	%		i 4.30	%
Rate of compensation increase		i 3.19	%		i 3.80	%		i 3.80	%		i 2.86	%		i 2.86	%		i 2.85	%

The following tables illustrate the weighted-average actual and target allocation of plan assets:

U.S. Plans

Target Allocation

Actual Asset Allocation

(Dollars in millions)

as of May 31, 2021

2021

2020

Equity securities

i 55

i 387.1

i 261.0

Fixed income securities

i 25

i 112.0

i 106.4

Multi-class

i 20

i 150.8

i 118.2

Cash (1)

i 22.3

i 30.8

Other

i 0.2

Total assets

i 100

i 672.4

i 516.6

Non-U.S. Plans

Target Allocation

Actual Asset Allocation

(Dollars in millions)

as of May 31, 2021

2021

2020

Equity securities

i 37

i 103.4

i 79.3

Fixed income securities

i 47

i 108.2

i 88.2

Cash

i 0.1

Property and other

i 16

i 28.2

i 27.3

Total assets

i 100

i 239.9

i 194.9

(1)	The larger than target cash position at May 31, 2021 results from our February 2021 contribution to the RPM International Inc. Retirement Plan because of our plans to invest the February contribution over a period of time, due to dollar cost averaging.

The following tables present our pension plan assets as categorized using the fair value hierarchy at May 31, 2021 and 2020:

U.S. Plans

(In thousands)

Quoted Prices

in Active

Markets for

Identical Assets

(Level 1)

Significant

Other

Observable

Inputs (Level 2)

Significant

Unobservable

Inputs (Level 3)

Fair Value at

U.S. Treasury and other government

i 20,752

State and municipal bonds

i 767

Foreign bonds

i 1,068

Mortgage-backed securities

i 17,628

Corporate bonds

i 42,370

Stocks - large cap

i 40,332

Mutual funds - equity

i 346,790

Mutual funds - multi-class

i 150,838

Mutual funds - fixed

i 29,440

Cash and cash equivalents

i 22,224

Limited partnerships

i 168

Total

i 62,556

i 609,653

i 168

i 672,377

Non-U.S. Plans

(In thousands)

Quoted Prices

in Active

Markets for

Identical Assets

(Level 1)

Significant

Other

Observable

Inputs (Level 2)

Significant

Unobservable

Inputs (Level 3)

Fair Value at

Pooled equities

i 101,975

Pooled fixed income

i 107,457

Foreign bonds

i 717

Insurance contracts

i 28,230

Mutual funds

i 1,397

Cash and cash equivalents

i 77

Total

i 77

i 211,546

i 28,230

i 239,853

U.S. Plans

(In thousands)

Quoted Prices

in Active

Markets for

Identical Assets

(Level 1)

Significant

Other

Observable

Inputs (Level 2)

Significant

Unobservable

Inputs (Level 3)

Fair Value at

U.S. Treasury and other government

i 12,973

State and municipal bonds

i 508

Foreign bonds

i 715

Mortgage-backed securities

i 23,824

Corporate bonds

i 34,317

Stocks - large cap

i 19,589

Mutual funds - equity

i 241,426

Mutual funds - multi-class

i 118,205

Mutual funds - fixed

i 33,993

Cash and cash equivalents

i 30,830

Limited partnerships

i 170

Total

i 50,419

i 465,961

i 170

i 516,550

Non-U.S. Plans

(In thousands)

Quoted Prices

in Active

Markets for

Identical Assets

(Level 1)

Significant

Other

Observable

Inputs (Level 2)

Significant

Unobservable

Inputs (Level 3)

Fair Value at

Pooled equities

i 78,472

Pooled fixed income

i 87,610

Foreign bonds

i 603

Insurance contracts

i 27,267

Mutual funds

i 855

Cash and cash equivalents

i 67

Total

i 67

i 167,540

i 27,267

i 194,874

The following table includes the activity that occurred during the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 for our Level 3 assets:

Actual Return on Plan Assets For:

Balance at

Assets Still Held

Assets Sold

Purchases, Sales and

Balance at

(In thousands)

Beginning of Period

at Reporting Date

During Year

Settlements, net ⁽¹⁾

End of Period

Year ended May 31, 2021

i 27,437

i 455

i 506

i 28,398

Year ended May 31, 2020

i 28,015

( i 691

)

i 113

i 27,437

(1)	Includes the impact of exchange rate changes during the year.

The primary objective for the investments of the Retirement Plan is to provide for long-term growth of capital without undue exposure to risk. This objective is accomplished by utilizing a strategy of equities, fixed-income securities and cash equivalents in a mix that is conducive to participation in a rising market, while allowing for adequate protection in a falling market. Our Investment Committee oversees the investment allocation process, which includes the selection and evaluation of investment managers, the determination of investment objectives and risk guidelines, and the monitoring of actual investment performance. In order to manage investment risk properly, Plan policy prohibits short selling, securities lending, financial futures, options and other specialized investments, except for certain alternative investments specifically approved by the Investment Committee. The Investment Committee reviews, on a quarterly basis, reports of actual Plan investment performance provided by independent third parties, in addition to its review of the Plan investment policy on an annual basis. The investment objectives are similar for our plans outside of the United States, subject to local regulations.

The goals of the investment strategy for pension assets include: the total return of the funds shall, over an extended period of time, surpass an index composed of the MSCI World Stock Index (equity), the Barclays Aggregate Bond Index (fixed income), and 30-day Treasury Bills (cash), weighted appropriately to match the asset allocation of the plans. The equity portion of the funds shall surpass the MSCI World Stock Index over a full market cycle, while the fixed-income portion shall surpass Barclays Aggregate Bond Index over a full market cycle. The purpose of the core fixed-income fund is to increase return in the form of cash flow, provide a hedge against inflation and to reduce the volatility of the fund overall. Therefore, the primary objective of the core fixed-income portion is to match the Barclays Aggregate Bond Index. The purpose of including opportunistic fixed-income assets such as, but not limited to, global and high-yield securities in the portfolio is to enhance the overall risk-return characteristics of the Fund.

We expect to pay the following estimated pension benefit payments in the next five years (in millions): $ i 71.6 in 2022, $ i 71.2 in 2023, $ i 75.1 in 2024, $ i 75.9 in 2025 and $ i 77.1 in 2026. In the five years thereafter (2027-2031), we expect to pay $ i 375.8 million.

In addition to the defined benefit pension plans discussed above, we also sponsor employee savings plans under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, which cover most of our employees in the United States. We record expense for defined contribution plans for any employer-matching contributions made in conjunction with services rendered by employees. The majority of our plans provide for matching contributions made in conjunction with services rendered by employees. Matching contributions are invested in the same manner that the participants invest their own contributions. Matching contributions charged to income were $ i 21.7 million, $ i 21.1 million and $ i 19.4 million for the years ending May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

NOTE O — POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS

We sponsor several unfunded-healthcare-benefit plans for certain of our retired employees, as well as postretirement life insurance for certain key former employees. Eligibility for these benefits is based upon various requirements. i The following table illustrates the effect on operations of these plans for the three years ended May 31, 2021:

	U.S. Plans									Non-U.S. Plans
(In thousands)	2021			2020			2019			2021		2020		2019
Service cost - benefits earned during the period	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	i 1,959	$	i 1,661	$	i 1,507
Interest cost on the accumulated obligation		i 74			i 149			i 192			i 1,286		i 1,089		i 1,122
Amortization of:
Prior service (credit)		( i 167	)		( i 219	)		( i 219	)		-		-		-
Net actuarial (gains) losses		i 42			( i 66	)		( i 26	)		i 590		i 611		i 442
Net Postretirement Benefit (Income) Cost	$	( i 51	)	$	( i 136	)	$	( i 53	)	$	i 3,835	$	i 3,361	$	i 3,071

The changes in benefit obligations of the plans at May 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
(In thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	i 4,182		$	i 4,990		$	i 38,389		$	i 37,663
Service cost		-			-			i 1,959			i 1,661
Interest cost		i 74			i 149			i 1,286			i 1,089
Benefit payments		( i 1,902	)		( i 1,659	)		( i 673	)		( i 639	)
Actuarial (gains) losses		i 152			i 702			( i 6,415	)		( i 683	)
Currency exchange rate changes		-			-			i 5,428			( i 702	)
Accumulated and accrued postretirement benefit obligation at end of year	$	i 2,506		$	i 4,182		$	i 39,974		$	i 38,389

In determining the postretirement benefit amounts outlined above, measurement dates as of May 31 for each period were applied.

Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
(In thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Current liabilities	$	( i 238	)	$	( i 385	)	$	( i 931	)	$	( i 805	)
Noncurrent liabilities		( i 2,268	)		( i 3,797	)		( i 39,043	)		( i 37,584	)
Net Amount Recognized	$	( i 2,506	)	$	( i 4,182	)	$	( i 39,974	)	$	( i 38,389	)

The following table presents the pretax net actuarial (loss) and prior service credits recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) not affecting retained earnings:

	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
(In thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Net actuarial (loss)	$	( i 497	)	$	( i 386	)	$	( i 5,901	)	$	( i 11,331	)
Prior service credits		i 281			i 448			-			-
Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income not affecting retained earnings	$	( i 216	)	$	i 62		$	( i 5,901	)	$	( i 11,331	)

The following table includes the changes recognized in other comprehensive income:

	U.S. Plans					Non-U.S. Plans
(In thousands)	2021			2020		2021			2020
Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income:
Prior service cost	$	-		$	-	$	-		$	-
Net loss (gain) arising during the year		i 152			i 702		( i 6,415	)		( i 683	)
Effect of exchange rates on amounts included in AOCI		-			-		i 1,574			( i 266	)
Amounts recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost:
Amortization or curtailment recognition of prior service credit		i 167			i 219		-			-
Amortization or settlement recognition of net gain (loss)		( i 41	)		i 66		( i 590	)		( i 611	)
Total recognized in other comprehensive loss (income)	$	i 278		$	i 987	$	( i 5,431	)	$	( i 1,560	)

The following weighted-average assumptions were used to determine our year-end benefit obligations and net periodic postretirement benefit costs under the plans:

	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
Year-End Benefit Obligations	2021			2020			2021			2020
Discount rate		i 2.47	%		i 2.44	%		i 3.51	%		i 3.32	%
Current healthcare cost trend rate		i 6.07	%		i 6.68	%		i 5.68	%		i 5.73	%
Ultimate healthcare cost trend rate		i 4.36	%		i 4.36	%		i 3.70	%		i 3.70	%
Year ultimate healthcare cost trend rate will be realized		i 2037			i 2037			i 2040			i 2040

	U.S. Plans									Non-U.S. Plans
Net Periodic Postretirement Cost	2021			2020			2019			2021			2020			2019
Discount rate		i 2.44	%		i 3.44	%		i 4.03	%		i 3.32	%		i 3.22	%		i 3.70	%
Healthcare cost trend rate		i 6.68	%		i 7.29	%		i 7.86	%		i 5.73	%		i 5.77	%		i 6.02	%
Ultimate healthcare cost trend rate		i 4.36	%		i 4.36	%		i 4.36	%		i 3.70	%		i 3.70	%		i 4.20	%
Year ultimate healthcare cost trend rate will be realized		i 2037			i 2037			i 2037			i 2040			i 2040			i 2032

We expect to pay approximately $ i i i i i 1.2 / / / / million to $ i i i i i 1.5 / / / / million in estimated postretirement benefits in each of the next five years. In the five years thereafter (2027-2031), we expect to pay a cumulative total of $ i 9.3 million.

NOTE P — CONTINGENCIES AND ACCRUED LOSSES

Accrued loss reserves consist of the following:

May 31,	2021		2020
(In thousands)
Accrued product liability reserves	$	i 18,296	$	i 10,458
Accrued warranty reserves		i 9,429		i 7,593
Accrued environmental reserves		i 1,329		i 1,970
Total Accrued Loss Reserves - Current	$	i 29,054	$	i 20,021
Accrued product liability reserves - noncurrent	$	i 26,614	$	i 27,016
Accrued warranty liability - noncurrent		i 3,746		i 3,513
Accrued environmental reserves - noncurrent		i 6,267		i 4,125
Total Accrued Loss Reserves - Noncurrent	$	i 36,627	$	i 34,654

Product Liability Matters

We provide, through our wholly owned insurance subsidiaries, certain insurance coverage, primarily product liability coverage, to our other subsidiaries. Excess coverage is provided by third-party insurers. Our product liability accruals provide for these potential losses, as well as other uninsured claims. Product liability accruals are established based upon actuarial calculations of potential liability using industry experience, actual historical experience and actuarial assumptions developed for similar types of product liability

claims, including development factors and lag times. To the extent there is a reasonable possibility that potential losses could exceed the amounts already accrued, we believe that the amount of any such additional loss would be immaterial to our results of operations, liquidity and consolidated financial position.

Warranty Matters

We also offer warranties on many of our products, as well as long-term warranty programs at certain of our businesses, and have established product warranty liabilities. We review these liabilities for adequacy on a quarterly basis and adjust them as necessary. The primary factors that could affect these liabilities may include changes in performance rates, as well as costs of replacement. Provision for estimated warranty costs is recorded at the time of sale and periodically adjusted, as required, to reflect actual experience. It is probable that we will incur future losses related to warranty claims we have received but that have not been fully investigated and related to claims not yet received. While our warranty liabilities represent our best estimates at May 31, 2021, we can provide no assurances that we will not experience material claims in the future or that we will not incur significant costs to resolve such claims beyond the amounts accrued or beyond what we may recover from our suppliers. Based upon the nature of the expense, product warranty expense is recorded as a component of cost of sales or within SG&A.

Also, due to the nature of our businesses, the amount of claims paid can fluctuate from one period to the next. While our warranty liabilities represent our best estimates of our expected losses at any given time, from time to time we may revise our estimates based on our experience relating to factors such as weather conditions, specific circumstances surrounding product installations and other factors.

The following table includes the changes in our accrued warranty balances:

Year Ended May 31,	2021			2020			2019
(In thousands)
Beginning Balance	$	i 11,106		$	i 10,414		$	i 11,721
Deductions (1)		( i 25,817	)		( i 20,762	)		( i 22,262	)
Provision charged to expense		i 27,886			i 21,454			i 20,955
Ending Balance	$	i 13,175		$	i 11,106		$	i 10,414

(1)	Primarily claims paid during the year.

Environmental Matters

Like other companies participating in similar lines of business, some of our subsidiaries are involved in environmental remediation matters. It is our policy to accrue remediation costs when the liability is probable and the costs are reasonably estimable, which generally is not later than at completion of a feasibility study or when we have committed to an appropriate plan of action. We also take into consideration the estimated period of time over which payments may be required. The liabilities are reviewed periodically and, as investigation and remediation activities continue, adjustments are made as necessary. Liabilities for losses from environmental remediation obligations do not consider the effects of inflation and anticipated expenditures are not discounted to their present value. The liabilities are not offset by possible recoveries from insurance carriers or other third parties, but do reflect anticipated allocations among potentially responsible parties at federal superfund sites or similar state-managed sites, third party indemnity obligations, and an assessment of the likelihood that such parties will fulfill their obligations at such sites.

Other Contingencies

We were notified by the SEC on June 24, 2014, that we were the subject of a formal investigation pertaining to the timing of our disclosure and accrual of loss reserves in fiscal 2013 with respect to the previously disclosed U.S. Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) and the U.S. General Services Administration (the “GSA”) Office of Inspector General investigation into compliance issues relating to Tremco Roofing Division’s GSA contracts. As previously disclosed, our Audit Committee completed an investigation into the facts and circumstances surrounding the timing of our disclosure and accrual of loss reserves with respect to the GSA and DOJ investigation, and determined that it was appropriate to restate our financial results for the first, second and third quarters of fiscal 2013. The restatement shifted accrual amounts among the three quarters, which had the effect of reducing net income by $ i 7.2 million and $ i 10.8 million for the quarterly periods ended August 31, 2012, and November 30, 2012, respectively, and increasing net income for the quarterly period ended February 28, 2013 by $ i 18.0 million. These restatements had no impact on our audited financial statements for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2013 or 2014.

In connection with the foregoing, on September 9, 2016, the SEC filed an enforcement action against us and our General Counsel. The complaint sought disgorgement of gains that may have resulted from the conduct alleged in the complaint, and payment of

unspecified monetary penalties from us and our General Counsel pursuant to Section 20(d) of the Securities Act and Section 21(d)(3) of the Exchange Act. Further, the complaint sought to permanently enjoin us from violations of Sections 17(a)(2) and (a)(3) of the Securities Act, Sections 13(a), 13(b)(2)(A) and 13(b)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act, and Exchange Act Rules 12b-20, 13a-1, 13a-11 and 13a-13, and to permanently enjoin our General Counsel from violations of Sections 17(a)(2) and (a)(3) of the Securities Act and Exchange Act Rules 13b2-1 and 13b2-2(a).

On December 22, 2020, the Court entered its Final Judgment (the “Final Judgment”) resolving this matter with the SEC. In consenting to the terms of the Final Judgment, we and our General Counsel neither admitted nor denied the SEC’s allegations. We agreed to pay a civil monetary penalty of $ i 2.0 million under Section 21(d)(3) of the Exchange Act, and we are permanently enjoined from violations of Section 13(a), 13(b)(2)(a) and 13(b)(2)(b) of the Exchange Act and Exchange Act Rules 12b-20, 13a-1, 13a-11 and 13a-13. The settlement amount was accrued for in our consolidated financial statements as of November 30, 2020. Our General Counsel agreed to pay a civil monetary penalty of $ i 22,500 under Section 21(d)(3) of the Exchange Act, and he is permanently enjoined from violations of Exchange Act Rule 13b2-1. Both the Company and our General Counsel have paid their respective civil monetary penalties during the fiscal quarter ended February 28, 2021. For both the Company and our General Counsel, the Final Judgment resolved all claims asserted by the SEC in the proceeding and included relief only with respect to certain books and records provisions of the securities laws, none of which require proof of intentional or willful misconduct.

Also, in connection with the foregoing, on April 28, 2017, a stockholder derivative action was filed in the United States District Court, Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division, against certain of our current and former directors and officers. On February 2, 2018, the Court granted our request for a stay and stayed the derivative action pending the completion of the SEC enforcement action. The stay may be revisited by the Court now that the SEC enforcement action has been resolved. We do not believe a material loss in this matter is reasonably possible or probable.

NOTE Q — REVENUE

We operate a portfolio of businesses and product lines that manufacture and sell a variety of specialty paints, protective coatings, roofing systems, sealants and adhesives. We disaggregate revenues from the sales of our products and services based upon geographical location by each of our reportable segments, which are aligned by similar economic factors, trends and customers, which best depict the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. See Note R, “Segment Information,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details regarding our disaggregated revenues, as well as a description of each of the unique revenue streams related to each of our i four reportable segments.

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. The majority of our revenue is recognized at a point in time. However, we also record revenues generated under construction contracts, mainly in connection with the installation of specialized roofing and flooring systems and related services. For certain polymer flooring installation projects, we account for our revenue using the output method, as we consider square footage of completed flooring to be the best measure of progress toward the complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. In contrast, for certain of our roofing installation projects, we account for our revenue using the input method, as that method was the best measure of performance as it considers costs incurred in relation to total expected project costs, which essentially represents the transfer of control for roofing systems to the customer. In general, for our construction contracts, we record contract revenues and related costs as our contracts progress on an over-time model.

We have elected to apply the practical expedient to recognize revenue net of allowances for returns and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. i Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although our customers’ payment terms generally include a requirement to pay within 30 to 60 days of fulfilling our performance obligations. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, we have determined that our contracts generally do not include a significant financing component. We have elected to apply the practical expedient to treat all shipping and handling costs as fulfillment costs, as a significant portion of these costs are incurred prior to control transfer.

Significant Judgments

Our contracts with customers may include promises to transfer multiple products and/or services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. For example, judgment is required to determine whether products sold in connection with the sale of installation services are considered distinct and accounted for separately, or not distinct and accounted for together with installation services and recognized over time.

We provide customer rebate programs and incentive offerings, including special pricing and co-operative advertising arrangements, promotions and other volume-based incentives. These customer programs and incentives are considered variable consideration and recognized as a reduction of net sales. Up-front consideration provided to customers is capitalized as a component of other assets and amortized over the estimated life of the contractual arrangement. We include in revenue variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the variable consideration is resolved. In general, this determination is made based upon known customer program and incentive offerings at the time of sale, and expected sales volume forecasts as it relates to our volume-based incentives. This determination is updated each reporting period. Certain of our contracts include contingent consideration that is receivable only upon the final inspection and acceptance of a project. We include estimates of such variable consideration in our transaction price. Based on historical experience, we consider the probability-based expected value method appropriate to estimate the amount of such variable consideration.

Our products are generally sold with a right of return and we may provide other credits or incentives, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the amount of revenue to recognize. Returns and credits are estimated at contract inception and updated at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available. We record a right of return liability to accrue for expected customer returns. Historical actual returns are used to estimate future returns as a percentage of current sales. Obligations for returns and refunds were not material individually or in the aggregate.

We offer assurance type warranties on our products as well as separately sold warranty contracts. Revenue related to warranty contracts that are sold separately is recognized over the life of the warranty term. Warranty liabilities for our assurance type warranties are discussed further in Note P, “Contingencies and Accrued Losses,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Contract Balances

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing customers. Our contract assets are recorded for products and services that have been provided to our customer but have not yet been billed, and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Our short-term contract liabilities consist of advance payments, or deferred revenue, and are included in other accrued liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances, and net contract assets (liabilities) consisted of the following:

Year Ended May 31,	2021			2020			$ Change			% Change
(In thousands, except percents)
Trade accounts receivable, less allowance	$	i 1,280,806		$	i 1,137,957		$	i 142,849			i 12.6	%

Contract assets	$	i 33,217		$	i 25,249		$	i 7,968			i 31.6	%
Contract liabilities - short-term		( i 33,112	)		( i 25,288	)		( i 7,824	)		i 30.9	%
Net Contract Assets/(Liabilities)	$	i 105		$	( i 39	)	$	i 144			- i 369.2	%

The relatively small $ i 0.1 million change in our net contract assets/(liabilities) from May 31, 2020 to May 31, 2021, resulted primarily from the timing and volume of construction jobs in progress at May 31, 2021 versus May 31, 2020. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, net sales at our general contracting and roofing services business increased slightly by $ i 0.2 million as compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. Despite the Covid pandemic, sales in both periods were strong as many of our customers chose to utilize this time, as fewer people were inside their facilities, to tackle projects that they had previously been putting off. Furthermore, roofing projects are completed outdoors, and contractors do not require entry into customers’ facilities.

We also record long-term deferred revenue, which amounted to $ i 67.8 million and $ i 66.0 million as of May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The long-term portion of deferred revenue is related to assurance type warranty contracts and is included in other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

We have elected to adopt the practical expedient to not disclose the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied as of the end of the reporting period for performance obligations that are part of a contract with an original expected duration of one year or less.

We recognize an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. As our contract terms are primarily one year or less in duration, we have elected to apply a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs include our internal sales force compensation program and certain incentive programs as we have determined annual compensation is commensurate with annual sales activities.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Our primary allowance for credit losses is the allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts reduces the trade accounts receivable balance to the estimated net realizable value equal to the amount that is expected to be collected. The allowance was based on assessments of current creditworthiness of customers, historical collection experience, the aging of receivables and other currently available evidence. Trade accounts receivable balances are written-off against the allowance if a final determination of uncollectibility is made. All provisions for allowances for doubtful collection of accounts are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

The following tables summarize the activity for the allowance for credit losses for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2021:

(In thousands)
Balance at June 1, 2020	$	i 55,847
Bad debt provision		i 10,044
Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries		( i 14,182	)
Translation adjustments		i 4,213
Balance at May 31, 2021	$	i 55,922

NOTE R — SEGMENT INFORMATION

We operate a portfolio of businesses and product lines that manufacture and sell a variety of specialty paints, protective coatings, roofing systems, flooring solutions, sealants, cleaners and adhesives. We manage our portfolio by organizing our businesses and product lines into i four reportable segments as outlined below, which also represent our operating segments. Within each operating segment, we manage product lines and businesses which generally address common markets, share similar economic characteristics, utilize similar technologies and can share manufacturing or distribution capabilities. Our i four operating segments represent components of our business for which separate financial information is available that is utilized on a regular basis by our chief operating decision maker in determining how to allocate the assets of the company and evaluate performance. These four operating segments are each managed by an operating segment manager, who is responsible for the day-to-day operating decisions and performance evaluation of the operating segment’s underlying businesses. We evaluate the profit performance of our segments primarily based on income before income taxes, but also look to earnings (loss) before interest and taxes (“EBIT”), and/or adjusted EBIT, as a performance evaluation measure because interest expense is essentially related to acquisitions, as opposed to segment operations.

Our Consumer reportable segment manufactures and markets professional use and do-it-yourself (“DIY”) products for a variety of mainly consumer applications, including home improvement and personal leisure activities. Our Consumer reportable segment’s major manufacturing and distribution operations are located primarily in North America, along with a few locations in Europe and other parts of the world. Our Consumer reportable segment products are primarily sold directly to mass merchandisers, home improvement centers, hardware stores, paint stores, craft shops and through distributors. The Consumer reportable segment offers products that include specialty, hobby and professional paints; caulks; adhesives; cleaners; sandpaper and other abrasives; silicone sealants and wood stains. Sales to The Home Depot, Inc. represented less than i i i 10 / / % of our consolidated net sales for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Furthermore, sales to The Home Depot, Inc. represented i 26%, i 26% and i 29% of our Consumer segment net sales for each of the fiscal years ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

We reflect income from our joint ventures on the equity method, and receive royalties from our licensees.

The following tables reflect the results of our reportable segments consistent with our management philosophy, and represent the information we utilize, in conjunction with various strategic, operational and other financial performance criteria, in evaluating the performance of our portfolio of businesses.

Year Ended May 31,

2020

2019

(In thousands)

Net Sales

CPG

i 2,076,565

i 1,880,105

i 1,899,744

PCG

i 1,028,456

i 1,080,701

i 1,136,119

Consumer

i 2,295,277

i 1,945,220

i 1,858,453

SPG

i 705,990

i 600,968

i 670,235

Total

i 6,106,288

i 5,506,994

i 5,564,551

Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes

CPG

i 291,773

i 209,663

i 178,823

PCG

i 90,687

i 102,345

i 77,388

Consumer

i 354,789

i 198,024

i 217,448

SPG

i 108,242

i 57,933

i 86,018

Corporate/Other

( i 177,053

)

( i 160,201

)

( i 219,832

)

Total

i 668,438

i 407,764

i 339,845

Identifiable Assets

CPG

i 1,815,303

i 1,622,632

i 1,573,329

PCG

i 1,051,334

i 925,569

i 951,644

Consumer

i 2,386,703

i 2,067,017

i 1,953,279

SPG

i 772,540

i 728,449

i 689,133

Corporate/Other

i 227,089

i 287,287

i 273,970

Total

i 6,252,969

i 5,630,954

i 5,441,355

Capital Expenditures

CPG

i 65,830

i 63,393

i 40,119

PCG

i 19,413

i 23,868

i 22,158

Consumer

i 54,986

i 47,331

i 45,039

SPG

i 18,989

i 21,610

i 28,006

Corporate/Other

i 223

i 1,077

i 1,435

Total

i 159,441

i 157,279

i 136,757

Depreciation and Amortization

CPG

i 45,079

i 46,491

i 44,150

PCG

i 22,633

i 23,850

i 27,116

Consumer

i 47,763

i 56,570

i 40,231

SPG

i 26,017

i 24,111

i 25,199

Corporate/Other

i 5,365

i 5,820

i 5,046

Total

i 146,857

i 156,842

i 141,742

Year Ended May 31, 2021

CPG

Segment

PCG

Segment

Consumer

Segment

SPG

Segment

Consolidated

(In thousands)

Net Sales (based on shipping location) (a)

United States

i 1,135,341

i 611,808

i 1,832,826

i 581,094

i 4,161,069

Foreign

Canada

i 208,289

i 69,754

i 153,631

i 8,982

i 440,656

Europe

i 481,244

i 242,102

i 257,372

i 82,170

i 1,062,888

Latin America

i 159,197

i 26,283

i 31,358

i 1,826

i 218,664

Asia Pacific

i 79,413

i 22,658

i 20,090

i 31,918

i 154,079

Other Foreign

i 13,081

i 55,851

i 68,932

Total Foreign

i 941,224

i 416,648

i 462,451

i 124,896

i 1,945,219

Total

i 2,076,565

i 1,028,456

i 2,295,277

i 705,990

i 6,106,288

Year Ended May 31, 2020

CPG

Segment

PCG

Segment

Consumer

Segment

SPG

Segment

Consolidated

(In thousands)

Net Sales (based on shipping location) (a)

United States

i 1,068,552

i 656,162

i 1,573,966

i 489,543

i 3,788,223

Foreign

Canada

i 159,986

i 71,689

i 116,424

i 8,354

i 356,453

Europe

i 418,249

i 247,904

i 195,783

i 74,162

i 936,098

Latin America

i 151,099

i 32,471

i 24,909

i 1,328

i 209,807

Asia Pacific

i 73,629

i 24,622

i 26,432

i 27,581

i 152,264

Other Foreign

i 8,590

i 47,853

i 7,706

i 64,149

Total Foreign

i 811,553

i 424,539

i 371,254

i 111,425

i 1,718,771

Total

i 1,880,105

i 1,080,701

i 1,945,220

i 600,968

i 5,506,994

Year Ended May 31, 2019

CPG

Segment

PCG

Segment

Consumer

Segment

SPG

Segment

Consolidated

(In thousands)

Net Sales (based on shipping location) (a)

United States

i 1,003,227

i 667,402

i 1,462,446

i 543,429

i 3,676,504

Foreign

Canada

i 181,089

i 82,897

i 117,305

i 8,908

i 390,199

Europe

i 477,761

i 251,600

i 213,466

i 86,197

i 1,029,024

Latin America

i 155,039

i 34,588

i 28,020

i 1,397

i 219,044

Asia Pacific

i 81,895

i 36,498

i 29,171

i 30,304

i 177,868

Other Foreign

i 733

i 63,134

i 8,045

i 71,912

Total Foreign

i 896,517

i 468,717

i 396,007

i 126,806

i 1,888,047

Total

i 1,899,744

i 1,136,119

i 1,858,453

i 670,235

i 5,564,551

Year Ended May 31,