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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM  i 10-K

(Mark one)

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For the fiscal year ended  i  i December 31,  i 2022 / 

or

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For the transition period from ______ to _____

Commission file number  i 1-08546

 i TRINITY PLACE HOLDINGS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: ( i 212)  i 235-2190

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ◻  i No ⌧

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ◻  i No ⌧

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 i Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

 i Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  i ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. £

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). £

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes  i ☐ No ⌧

As of June 30, 2022, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $ i 25,710,000.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distributions of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.

Yes ⌧ No ◻

As of March 31, 2023, there were  i 37,163,137 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to the registrant’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed hereafter are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Form 10-K Index

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PART I

Item 1.       BUSINESS

Overview

Trinity Place Holdings Inc., which we refer to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as “Trinity,” “we,” “our,” or “us”, is a real estate holding, investment, development and asset management company. Our largest asset is a property located at 77 Greenwich Street in Lower Manhattan (“77 Greenwich”), which is nearing completion as a mixed-use project consisting of a 90-unit residential condominium tower, retail space and a New York City elementary school. We also own a 105-unit, 12-story multi-family property located at 237 11^th Street in Brooklyn, New York (“237 11^th”) as well as a property occupied by a retail tenant in Paramus, New Jersey. In February 2023, we sold our 10% interest in a joint venture that owned a multifamily property at 250 North 10^th Street, Brooklyn, New York.  See Item 2. Properties below for a more detailed description of our properties owned at December 31, 2022. In addition to our real estate portfolio, we also control a variety of intellectual property assets focused on the consumer sector, a legacy of our predecessor, Syms Corp. (“Syms”). We also had approximately $275.8 million of federal net operating loss carry forwards (“NOLs”) at December 31, 2022, which can be used to reduce our future taxable income and capital gains.

Liquidity and Going Concern; Management’s Plans; Recent Developments

The COVID-19 pandemic and related matters, including government actions, shifts in residential consumer sentiment and changes to the broader and local economies, had a significant adverse impact on our business.  More recently, the economic downturn, increased interest rates and high inflation have also impacted our business.  While we believe many of these trends will reverse or stabilize, and the New York City economy and residential real estate markets have generally seen continued improvement in 2022 and to date in 2023, given our focus on New York City residential real estate, our business has been particularly impacted.  As of December 31, 2022, we had total cash and restricted cash of $22.1 million, of which approximately $1.5 million was cash and cash equivalents and approximately $20.5 million was restricted cash. We also had $2.0 million available under our secured line of credit at December 31, 2022, which has since been drawn.  The Company’s cash and cash equivalents will not be sufficient to fund the Company’s operations, debt service, amortization and maturities and corporate expenses over the next 12 months, unless we are able to extend or refinance our maturing debt and raise additional capital, creating substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Management is exploring opportunities to secure additional funding through the sale of assets, refinancings of outstanding indebtedness, and equity or debt financings or other sources.  The Company also continues to explore a range of strategic and financing alternatives to maximize stockholder value, and to engage with parties that have expressed interest in the Company’s attributes and assets and may see the Company as a potential vehicle for growth, with potential opportunities to recapitalize the Company at a lower cost of capital.  The Company has engaged Houlihan Lokey and Ackman-Ziff to act as advisors (our “Advisors”) in connection with our strategic review process and to assist us in identifying and evaluating potential alternatives.  Potential strategic alternatives that may be evaluated include securing an equity and/or debt financing of the Company, refinancing of existing debt, and/or a sale or merger or reverse merger of the Company.  The Company is also in discussions with its lenders regarding the deferment of upcoming interest, amortization and other payment obligations for the period ending March 31, 2023 and going forward.  The Company is also exploring a refinancing of the debt in respect of 237 11^th.  Given the current environment there can be no assurance that we will be able to enter into any of the contemplated or future extensions, amendments or waivers with our lenders, raise additional capital, refinance indebtedness or enter into other financing arrangements or engage in asset sales or strategic partnerships sufficient to fund our cash needs, on terms satisfactory to us, if at all.  Further, in the event that market conditions preclude our ability to consummate such transactions, we will be required to evaluate additional alternatives in restructuring our business and our capital structure, including but not limited to filing for bankruptcy protection or seeking an out-of-court restructuring of our liabilities. See Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors, Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation and Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements and of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

While construction at 77 Greenwich has taken longer than projected due to the impacts of COVID-19 and supply-chain issues over the past years, and the impact of the pandemic and broader economic conditions have impeded the sale of residential condominium units at 77 Greenwich, we continue to sign and close contracts for our residential condominium units, including five units since December 31, 2022. The units that remain available to be sold are larger, higher floor

units.  The substantial majority of the construction is completed with amenity spaces and punch-list items anticipated to be completed by April 30, 2023.

The lease of the outparcel building at our Paramus property expired on March 31, 2023 and the tenant elected not to renew its lease.

Business and Growth Strategies

Historically, our primary business objective has been to maximize the risk adjusted, time adjusted return on investment in our portfolio of properties and new acquisitions and investments across all points of the economic cycle. Our strategies to achieve this objective have recently included (i) the sale and closing of residential condominium units at 77 Greenwich and the development, redevelopment, repositioning and potential disposition of our legacy retail property in Paramus, New Jersey; (ii) identifying additional acquisition and investment opportunities, including high-quality, multi-family real estate in New York City; (iii) entering into joint ventures in respect of attractive properties; and (iv) enhancing our capital structure.   We are currently focused on exploring a range of strategic and financing alternatives to maximize stockholder value, which may include securing additional equity or debt financings, refinancings of existing debt, and/or a sale or merger of the Company.

Competition

The markets in which our properties are located are inherently competitive. With respect to our operating properties currently located in Brooklyn, New York and Paramus, New Jersey, and any future real estate assets that we acquire, invest in or develop, we will be competing for some of the same tenants, contractors, lenders and potential purchasers or investors with respect to other properties within the same markets, but owned by other investors, many of whom have greater resources than we do.

Competitive factors with respect to 77 Greenwich may have a more material effect on us as it is our most significant real estate asset. Various municipal entities are making and have indicated an intent to continue to make significant investments in the immediate vicinity of 77 Greenwich to support the growth of the downtown Manhattan neighborhood as a vibrant 24/7 community to work, live and visit. Several privately funded commercial and residential developments are being constructed or have been proposed and office buildings are being converted to residential use to take advantage of the increasing desirability of the neighborhood. The impact of these changing supply and demand characteristics is uncertain, and they could positively or negatively impact our plan to maximize the value of 77 Greenwich.

In addition, we face competition in identifying and closing on new investment and acquisition opportunities, including from larger and more established real estate firms with greater capital resources and access to financing.

Regulatory Matters

Environmental Compliance

Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be required to investigate and remediate hazardous or toxic substances at a property, and may be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage or personal injuries and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred by the parties in connection with the contamination. These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator had knowledge of, or was responsible for, the release of the hazardous or toxic substances. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination may adversely affect the owner’s ability to sell or lease real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral.

Other federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations require abatement or removal of asbestos-containing materials in the event of demolition or certain renovations or remodeling, the cost of which may be substantial for certain redevelopment projects that a potential purchaser would want to undertake with respect to any particular parcel of real estate we own. Such laws, ordinances and regulations also govern emissions from and exposure to asbestos fibers in the air. Federal and state laws also regulate the operation and removal of underground storage tanks. In connection with the ownership and management of certain properties, we could be held liable for the costs of remedial action with respect to these regulated substances or related claims.

Zoning and Planning

In connection with any development or redevelopment of our properties, whether currently owned or acquired in the future, we will be required to comply with applicable zoning, land-use, building, occupancy, and other laws and regulations. In many cases, we are and will continue to be required to obtain governmental permits, site plan approvals and/or other authorizations, or seek variances, prior to proceeding with planned development, acquisition or other activities.

The Zoning Resolution of the City of New York, effective as of December 15, 1961, as amended (the “Zoning Resolution”), governs the use and development of properties in New York City.  Properties in New York City may be developed on an as-of-right basis, i.e. without any discretionary city approvals, unless the proposed use or bulk does not comply with the applicable provisions of the Zoning Resolution.  Discretionary approvals may be requested from the New York City Planning Commission or the Board of Standards and Appeals.  Discretionary approvals are subject to hearing and public participation requirements and are also subject to environmental review pursuant to the State Environmental Quality Review Act, as implemented by the City Environmental Quality Review.

Chapter 11 Cases and Plan of Reorganization of Syms

Trinity is the successor to Syms, which also owned Filene’s Basement. In September 2012, the Syms Plan of Reorganization (the “Plan”) became effective and Syms and its subsidiaries consummated their reorganization under Chapter 11 through a series of transactions and emerged from bankruptcy. As part of those transactions, reorganized Syms merged with and into Trinity, with Trinity as the surviving corporation and successor issuer pursuant to Rule 12g-3 under Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

In March 2016, we satisfied our final payment and reserve obligations under the Plan.  In February 2018, the bankruptcy court entered the final decree pursuant to which the chapter 11 cases of the reorganized debtors were closed. In January 2020, we made our final payment of $109,000 to the multiemployer pension plan claim, which was the final legacy claim of the Plan to be paid. As of December 31, 2022, the Syms sponsored pension plan was underfunded for accounting purposes by approximately $651,000 (see Note 9 – Pension Plans to our consolidated financial statements for further information).

Intellectual Property Assets

We control a variety of intellectual property assets focused on the consumer sector, a legacy of our predecessor, Syms, including FilenesBasement.com, our rights to the Stanley Blacker® brand, as well as the intellectual property associated with the Running of the Brides® event and An Educated Consumer is Our Best Customer® slogan. In addition, various trademarks are controlled and/or owned by us, including “Filene’s Basement”®, “Stanley Blacker”®, “Running of the Brides”® and “An Educated Consumer is Our Best Customer,”® and have been registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

Human Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2022, we had a total of seven employees, six of which were full-time and one part-time, in executive, management, finance, accounting, operations and administrative capacities.  

General Information about Trinity

Trinity is incorporated in Delaware. Trinity maintains its headquarters at 340 Madison Avenue, Suite 3C, New York, New York, 10173, and the telephone number is (212) 235-2190.

Available Information

Our website address is www.trinityplaceholdings.com or www.tphs.com. References in this document to our website are not and should not be considered part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and the information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report.

Item 1A.       RISK FACTORS

Our business, operations and financial condition are subject to various risks. Some of these risks are described below, and stockholders should take such risks into account when evaluating us or any investment decision involving us. This section does not describe all risks that may be applicable to us, our industry or our business, and it is intended only as a summary of certain material risk factors. Additional risks and uncertainties that we do not presently know about or that we currently believe are not material may also adversely affect our business. More detailed information concerning certain of the risk factors described below is contained in other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Stockholders should also refer to the other information contained in our periodic reports, including the Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements section, our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section for a further discussion of the risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to our business.

Risk Factors Related to Our Business

We have a limited amount of unrestricted cash and liquidity and variable cash needs. If we are not successful in consummating a strategic transaction, raising significant additional capital and/or receiving significant amounts on account of our claims involving 237 11^th in a timely manner, we will have insufficient cash and liquidity to service our debt and pay operating expenses and other obligations over the next 12 months, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

We have a limited amount of unrestricted cash and liquidity available for working capital and our cash needs are significant and variable under different circumstances, including near term debt maturities and other payment obligations. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents will not be sufficient to fund the Company’s operations, debt service, amortization and maturities and corporate expenses over the next 12 months, unless we are able to extend or refinance our maturing debt and/or raise additional capital, creating substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.  Management is currently in discussions with the Company’s lenders regarding the deferment of upcoming payments and exploring opportunities to secure additional funding through the sale of assets, refinancings of outstanding indebtedness, and equity or debt financings or other sources.  The Company also continues to explore a range of strategic and financing alternatives to maximize stockholder value.   We have engaged our Advisors in connection with our strategic review process and to assist us in identifying and evaluating potential alternatives.  Potential strategic alternatives that may be evaluated include securing an equity and/or debt financing of the Company, refinancing of existing debt, and/or a sale or merger or reverse merger of the Company. However, there is no assurance that we will be successful in reaching agreements with our lenders, consummating any such strategic transaction or obtaining capital sufficient to meet our operating needs, in each case, on terms or a timeframe acceptable to us or at all. In addition, if funds are raised by issuing equity securities, dilution to existing shareholders will result and future investors may purchase shares at prices below current market values and/or be granted rights superior to those of existing shareholders. Further, in the event that market conditions preclude our ability to consummate such transactions, we may be required to evaluate additional alternatives in restructuring our business and our capital structure, including but not limited to, filing for bankruptcy protection or seeking an out-of-court restructuring of our liabilities. See Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation - Liquidity and Capital Resources and Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our ability to continue as a going concern and related matters.  

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We have limited cash resources, generate minimal revenues from operations, and are reliant on external sources of capital to fund ongoing operations.

Our revenue generating activities have not yet produced sufficient funds for profitable operations and working capital. Accordingly, our continued operation will require raising additional capital on acceptable terms and entering into acceptable modifications to, or refinancings of, our indebtedness. We have relied and will continue to rely substantially upon equity and debt financing to fund our ongoing operations. There can be no assurance that additional sources of capital will be available to us on commercially favorable terms. In addition, our inability to access the capital markets on favorable terms, because of a low stock price, unfavorable market conditions or otherwise, will affect our ability to execute our business plan as scheduled. If we are unable to raise capital on market terms, our ability to run our operations and/or grow through new acquisitions and investments, and thus become profitable, will be materially adversely impacted.

We have not generated an operating profit and consequently our business plan is difficult to evaluate and our long-term viability cannot be assured.

Since our formation, we have generated limited revenues and had negative cash flow from operations. The development of our business plan has required, and will continue to require, substantial capital expenditures. There can be no assurance that our business will be successful, that we will be able to achieve or maintain a profitable operation, or that we will not encounter unforeseen difficulties that may deplete our capital resources more rapidly than anticipated. There can be no assurance that we will achieve or sustain profitability or positive cash flows from our operating activities.

We are subject to leverage at both our parent company and our subsidiaries and face risks generally associated with our debt, including an increased risk of default on our obligations and an increase in debt service requirements that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We have incurred substantial indebtedness in furtherance of our activities, at both the parent company level and subsidiary level, resulting in an increased risk of default on our obligations and in an increase in debt service requirements, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.  As a result, we are subject to the risks associated with debt financing, including the risk that our cash flow will be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest, the risk that we may fail to repay or refinance existing debt as it matures, which may result in forced disposition of assets on disadvantageous terms or have other adverse consequences, and the risk that if we refinance any of our debt, we may do so on refinancing terms less favorable than the terms of our existing debt.

Several of our loans have near-term maturities and other significant payment obligations.  In addition, several of our loans require interest rate cap agreements be in place for the duration of the loan. Although many of our loans contain extension options, the 237 11^th Loan and the 77 Mortgage Loan require replacement interest rate cap agreements be put in place in order to extend the loan maturity. With the significant increase in interest rates, the cost of purchasing such an interest rate cap has become material. Due to cash constrains, we may not have the funds available to purchase the required interest rate cap which, unless we can restructure or refinance the loan, would likely have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.  If we are not successful in meeting the extension requirements, or amending, waiving or paying the near-term maturities and other payment obligations, or our lenders accelerated their respective loan, cross-defaults would also exist and we would have insufficient cash and liquidity to service our debt and pay operating expenses and other obligations.

All of our properties secure loans. Certain of our loans contain cross-default provisions. The failure by us or our borrower subsidiaries to make scheduled repayments under the loan agreements, or the default of any of the obligations under our loans, would have an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, we or our applicable subsidiary may be required to immediately repay all amounts outstanding under the respective loan and the lenders may exercise other remedies available to them, including foreclosing on the respective property securing the loan.

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See Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources and Note 11 – Loans Payable and Secured Line of Credit to our consolidated financial statements, for further discussion regarding our financing activities.

Covenants in our loan agreements could limit our flexibility and adversely affect our financial condition.

Our loan agreements contain a number of financial and other restrictive covenants, including restrictions on debt, liens, business activities, equity repurchases, distributions and dividends, disposition of assets and transactions with affiliates, as well as financial covenants regarding loan to value and net worth. These covenants may limit our flexibility to pursue certain acquisitions or investments or incur additional debt. If we fail to meet or satisfy any of these covenants, we would be in default under these agreements and our indebtedness could be declared due and payable.  In addition, our lenders could terminate their commitments, require the posting of additional collateral and enforce their interests against existing collateral. If we were to default under our loan agreements, our financial condition would be adversely affected.  

A significant part of our current business plan is focused on completion of and the sale of condominiums at 77 Greenwich. An inability to execute this business plan due to adverse trends in the New York City residential condominium market or otherwise would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our business plan includes the development or redevelopment of our legacy commercial real estate properties and in particular completion of and the sale of condominiums at 77 Greenwich, which currently is our largest asset. As a result, our revenues and future growth are heavily dependent on the success of implementing our business plan for 77 Greenwich.

77 Greenwich consists of 90 luxury residential condominium apartments, in addition to a retail condominium unit and a New York City elementary school condominium unit.  A variety of factors determine New York City residential condominium trends and will impact the sales and pricing of the residential condominium units at 77 Greenwich. These factors include, among others, available supply, changes in interest rates, the availability of home mortgages, foreign exchange rates, foreign buyer patterns, local employment trends, and prices and velocity of sales. Sales of residential condominium units in general, and in particular in New York City, have historically experienced greater volatility than detached single family houses, which may expose us to more risk.  These and other factors fluctuate over time. Based on a number of reports, there is a historically high number of unsold units in newly constructed luxury residential condominiums in New York City, which has resulted in demand and pricing pressures. When we commenced sales in the spring of 2019, the New York City market, in particular downtown Manhattan, was in a period of softness.  This was exacerbated by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.  Due to current market conditions in New York City, several competing residential condominium projects located in downtown Manhattan, specifically in the Financial District, have been put on hold.  The status of unsold residential condominium units in 2023 and beyond is inherently uncertain. Closings on sales commenced in September 2021 and are ongoing.  An inability to successfully execute our business plan with respect to 77 Greenwich would likely have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We may evaluate and potentially consummate a strategic transaction, which could require significant management attention, consume our financial resources, disrupt our business and adversely affect our results of operations, and we may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of such a strategic transaction.

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Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to consummate a strategic transaction in the near-term. The identification of a suitable candidate for a strategic transaction can be difficult, time-consuming, and costly, and we may not be able to successfully complete identified strategic transactions. Strategic transactions are inherently risky, and ultimately, if we do not complete an announced strategic transaction successfully and in a timely manner, we may not realize the anticipated benefits of the strategic transaction.  Achieving the anticipated benefits of any transaction involves a number of risks, including disruption of our ongoing business and distraction of our management and employees from daily operations or other opportunities and challenges, utilization of our financial resources for a transaction that may fail to realize the anticipated benefits, regulatory risks, including maintaining good standing with existing regulatory bodies or receiving any necessary approvals, and the failure of the due diligence processes to identify significant problems, liabilities or challenges of the strategic partner.

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Our failure to address these risks or other problems encountered in connection with any strategic transaction could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of the transaction, cause us to incur unanticipated liabilities and harm our business generally. In addition, such a transaction could also result in dilutive issuances of our equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, amortization expenses or the write-off of goodwill, any of which could harm our financial condition.

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Investment returns from 77 Greenwich and other properties we may acquire and/or develop may be less than anticipated.

Our development of 77 Greenwich and other properties we acquire and/or develop are exposed to risks, including the following:

Our investment in property development for 77 Greenwich and other properties may be more costly than anticipated.

We intend to continue to develop or redevelop our current and future properties. Our current and future development and construction activities, including with respect to 77 Greenwich, may be exposed to the following risks:

Our revenues and the value of our portfolio are affected by a number of factors that affect investments in leased commercial and residential real estate generally.

We are subject to the general risks of investing in and owning leasable real estate in connection with our existing retail and residential properties and new properties or investments in leasable real estate. These risks include the ability to secure leases with new tenants, renew leases with existing tenants, the non-performance of lease obligations by tenants, leasehold improvements that will be costly or difficult to remove or certain upgrades that may be needed should it become necessary to re-rent the leased space for other uses, rights of termination of leases due to events of casualty or condemnation affecting

the leased space or the property or due to interruption of the tenant’s quiet enjoyment of the leased premises, and obligations of a landlord to restore the leased premises or the property following events of casualty or condemnation, and potentially, as occurred at 237 11^th, damages arising from defective construction. The occurrence of any of these events, particularly with respect to leases at our commercial real estate property, or issues that affect numerous residential units, could adversely impact, and in the case of 237 11^th, has adversely impacted, our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

In addition, if our competitors offer space at net effective rental rates below our current net effective rental rates or market rates, we may lose current or potential tenants to other properties in our markets. Additionally, we may need to reduce net effective rental rates below our current rates or offer incentives in order to retain tenants upon expiration of their leases or to attract new tenants. Our results of operations and cash flow may be adversely affected as a result of these factors.

We may be unable to lease vacant space, renew our current leases, or re-lease space as our current leases expire.

The lease of a long-term tenant at the outparcel of our Paramus property recently expired.  Leases at that or our other properties may not be renewed or such properties may not be re-leased at favorable rental rates. If the rental rates for our properties decrease, our tenants do not renew their leases or we do not re-lease a significant portion of our available space, tenant defaults or space that is currently unoccupied, and space for which leases are scheduled to expire, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected. There are numerous commercial developers, real estate companies, financial institutions and other investors with greater financial resources that compete with us in seeking tenants who we desire to lease space in our properties.

The bankruptcy of, or a downturn in the business of, any of the major tenants at our commercial real estate properties that causes them to reject their leases, or to not renew their leases as they expire, or renew at lower rental rates, may adversely affect our cash flows and property values. In addition, retailers at our properties face increasing competition from e-commerce, outlet malls, discount shopping clubs, direct mail and telemarketing, which could reduce rents payable to us and reduce our ability to attract and retain tenants at our properties leading to increased vacancy rates at our properties.

In addition, if we are unable to renew leases or re-lease a property, the resale value of that property could be diminished because the market value of a particular property will depend in part upon the value of the leases of such property.

We may acquire properties subject to known and unknown liabilities and with limited or no recourse to the seller.

Properties we acquire may be subject to known or unknown liabilities with no or minimal recourse to the seller. As a result, if a property is damaged, we may need to pay to have it repaired, and our ability to recover any such payments through insurance, indemnities, litigation or otherwise is uncertain. We have purchased one property subject to unknown construction defects due to water penetration in the walls, 237 11^th, and there can be no assurance that we will not do so again. During the pendency of repairs, units were unable to be leased, and following completion of repairs, they needed to be re-leased. Also, if a liability was asserted against us arising from our ownership of a property, we might have to pay substantial sums to settle it. Unknown liabilities with respect to properties acquired might include:

Any of these occurrences could adversely affect our cash flow, even if some or all of the costs are ultimately borne by a third party, and the impact could be material.

Multi-family residential properties may be subject to rent stabilization regulations, which limit our ability to raise rents above specified maximum amounts and could give rise to claims by tenants that their rents exceed such specified maximum amounts.

The Rent Stabilization Law and Code imposes rent control or rent stabilization on certain apartment buildings. The rent stabilization regulations applicable to our multi-family residential properties set maximum rates for annual rent increases, entitle our tenants to receive required services from us and entitle our tenants to have their leases renewed. The limitations established by present or future rent stabilization regulations may impair our ability to maintain rents at market levels at properties subject to such regulations.

Pursuant to the Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act of 2019, which is a set of New York State laws, vacancy lease increases were eliminated, whereby the landlord was permitted to increase the rent by as much as 20% for a tenant moving into a vacant apartment, to which significant increases in rent for New York City properties were historically attributed.

With respect to certain types of properties in New York City, solely by virtue of the real estate tax exemption under RPTL Section 421-a, the Rent Guidelines Board of New York City, approves renewal lease rent increases.  In 2022, the Rent Guidelines Board approved a 3.25% increase on 12-month lease renewals and a 5.0% increase on 24-month lease renewals.  

The application of rent stabilization to apartments in our multi-family residential properties will limit the amount of rent we are able to collect, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to fully take advantage of the investments that we are making in our properties. In addition, there can be no assurances that changes to rent stabilization laws will not have a similar or greater negative impact on our ability to collect rents.

There is a proposed New York State bill (Good Cause Eviction), which, if passed may impose restrictions on rent increases and the right not to renew market rate unit leases. If passed, there will be restrictions on an owner’s ability to grow market rents.

Competition for new acquisitions and investments may reduce the number of opportunities available to us and increase the costs of those acquisitions and investments.

We face competition for acquisition and investment opportunities from other investors, particularly those investors who are willing to incur more leverage. This competition may adversely affect us by subjecting us to the following risks:

If we are unable to successfully acquire or invest in additional properties, our ability to grow our business would be adversely affected. In addition, increases in the cost of acquisition opportunities could adversely affect our results of operations.

We face risks associated with acquisitions of and investments in new properties.

We may acquire interests in properties, individual properties and portfolios of properties. Our acquisition and investment activities may be exposed to, and their success may be adversely affected by, the following risks:

We are subject to the risks associated with joint ventures.

We formed a joint venture with a third party to acquire and operate the 250 North 10^th property located in Brooklyn, New York. We may become involved in additional joint ventures in the future with respect to current or future properties. Joint venture investments may involve risks not otherwise present for investments made or owned solely by us, including the possibility that our joint venture partner might become bankrupt, or may take action contrary to our instructions, requests, policies or objectives. Other risks of joint venture investments include impasse on decisions, such as a sale, because neither we nor a joint venture partner would have full control over the joint venture, activities conducted by a partner that have a negative impact on the joint venture or us, and disputes with our partner.

The phasing out of LIBOR after 2021 may affect our financial results.

The chief executive of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA"), which regulates LIBOR, has announced that the FCA intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021.  The U.S. Dollar Libor will continue to be published until 2023.  It is not possible to predict the effect of these changes or the establishment of alternative reference rates.

The Alternative Reference Rate Committee ("ARRC"), a committee convened by the Federal Reserve that includes major market participants, and on which the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) staff and other regulators participate, has proposed an alternative rate, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), to replace U.S. Dollar LIBOR. Any changes announced by the FCA, ARRC, other regulators or any other successor governance or oversight body, or future changes adopted by such body, in the method pursuant to which U.S. Dollar LIBOR, SOFR, or any other alternative rates are determined may result in a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in the reported LIBOR rates. If that were to occur, the levels of interest payments we incur and interest payments we receive may change. It is also uncertain whether SOFR or any other alternative rate will gain market acceptance. In addition, although our LIBOR based obligations and investments provide for alternative methods of calculating the interest rate if LIBOR is not reported, uncertainty as to the extent and manner of future changes may result in interest rates and/or payments that are higher than, lower than or that do not otherwise correlate over time with the interest rates and/or payments that would have been made on our obligations if LIBOR rate was available in its current form. We may also need to renegotiate our LIBOR based obligations, which we may not be successful in doing on a timely basis or on terms acceptable to us.  In 2023, the 237 11^th Loan was converted from LIBOR to SOFR.

We may not receive or be able to maintain certain tax benefits if we are not in compliance with certain requirements of the NYC Department of Housing Preservation and Development.

We may not receive or be able to maintain certain existing or anticipated tax benefits related to the 237 11^th property or the 250 N 10^th property if we are not in compliance with certain requirements of the NYC Department of Housing Preservation and Development (“HPD”). This property currently benefit from a real estate tax exemption under New York Real Property Tax Law (the “RPTL”) Section 421-a, as a result of a specified percentage of the units in such buildings

being designated as affordable rate units or market rate units and/or subject to rent stabilization guidelines, among other requirements. Section 421-a of the New York RPTL provides an exemption from real estate taxes on the amount of the assessed value of newly constructed improvements if certain requirements are met. A property cannot maintain or continue to receive Section 421-a tax benefits without HPD’s determination that all Section 421-a eligibility requirements have and continue to be met. Although HPD has issued final Certificates of Eligibility with respect to the Section 421-a tax benefits for 237 11^th and we are currently in compliance with all applicable Section 421-a requirements for this property, there can be no assurance that compliance with the Section 421-a requirements for this property will continue to be maintained. If we are not able to maintain compliance with the requirements of the Section 421-a partial tax exemption program, as applicable to this property, HPD may find that such property is ineligible to receive the tax exemption benefits related to the Section 421-a partial tax exemption program.

Our ability to develop or redevelop our properties and enter into new leases with tenants will depend on our obtaining certain permits, site plan approvals and other governmental approvals from local municipalities, which we may not be able to obtain on a timely basis or at all.

In order to develop or redevelop our properties, we will be required to obtain certain permits, site plan approvals or other governmental approvals from local municipalities. We may not be able to secure all the necessary permits or approvals on a timely basis or at all, which may prevent us from developing or redeveloping our properties according to our business plan. Additionally, potential acquirers or tenants may also need to obtain certain permits or approvals in order to utilize our properties in the manner they intend to do so. The specific permit and approval requirements are set by the state and the various local jurisdictions, including but not limited to city, town, county, township and state agencies having control over the specific properties. Our inability to obtain permits and approvals to develop or redevelop our properties, or the inability of potential purchasers and tenants of our properties to obtain necessary permits and approvals, could severely and adversely affect our business.

We may incur significant costs to comply with environmental laws and environmental contamination may impair our ability to lease and/or sell real estate.

Our operations and properties are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning the protection of the environment, including air and water quality, hazardous or toxic substances and health and safety. Under some environmental laws, a current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be required to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances released at a property. The owner or operator may also be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage or personal injuries and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred by those parties because of the contamination. These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of the release of the substances or caused the release. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination may impair our ability to sell or lease real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. Other laws and regulations govern indoor and outdoor air quality including those that can require the abatement or removal of asbestos-containing materials in the event of damage, demolition, renovation or remodeling and also govern emissions of and exposure to asbestos fibers in the air. The maintenance and removal of lead paint and certain electrical equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are also regulated by federal and state laws. We are also subject to risks associated with human exposure to chemical or biological contaminants such as molds, pollens, viruses and bacteria which, above certain levels, can be alleged to be connected to allergic or other health effects and symptoms in susceptible individuals. We could incur fines for environmental compliance and be held liable for the costs of remedial action with respect to the foregoing regulated substances or related claims arising out of environmental contamination or human exposure to contamination at or from our properties.

Each of our properties has been subject to varying degrees of environmental assessment. To date, these environmental assessments have not revealed any environmental condition material to our business. However, identification of new compliance concerns or undiscovered areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, human exposure to contamination or changes in clean-up or compliance requirements could result in significant costs to us.

Compliance or failure to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) or other safety regulations and requirements could result in substantial costs.

The ADA generally requires that public buildings, including our properties, meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons.  These rules are subject to interpretation and change. Noncompliance could result in the imposition of fines by the federal government or the award of damages to private litigants and/or legal fees to their counsel. If, under the ADA, we are required to make substantial alterations and capital expenditures in one or more of our operating properties, including the removal of access barriers, it could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements.  If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards.  We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures that will affect our cash flow and results of operations.

The loss of key personnel upon whom we depend to operate our business or the inability to attract additional qualified personnel could adversely affect our business.

We believe that our future success will depend in large part on our ability to retain or attract highly qualified and experienced management and other personnel, including in particular our President and Chief Executive Officer, Matthew Messinger. We may not be successful in retaining key personnel or in attracting other highly qualified personnel. Any inability to retain or attract qualified management and other personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our ability to utilize our NOLs to reduce future tax payments may be limited as a result of future transactions.

We had approximately $275.8 million of federal NOLs as of December 31, 2022. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”), limits the ability of a company to utilize its NOLs after an ownership change. For purposes of Section 382, an ownership change occurs if the percentage of the stock of the company owned by persons holding 5% or more of the stock increases by more than 50 percentage points over a rolling three year lookback period.  Generally, if an ownership change occurs, the annual taxable income limitation on our use of NOLs is equal to the product of the applicable long-term tax exempt rate and the value of our stock immediately before the ownership change. If we undergo an ownership change, our ability to utilize our NOLs would be subject to significant limitations. In addition, the 2017 tax legislation known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”) limited the deductibility of NOLs arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 to 80 percent of taxable income (computed without regard to the net operating loss deduction) for the taxable year, and eliminated the ability of taxpayers to carryback such NOLs to prior years. These limitations were modified by the “Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act,” signed into law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act suspended the 80% limitation on the use of NOLs for tax years beginning before January 1, 2021, and allowed losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2021 to be carried back up to five years.

Political and economic uncertainty, and developments related to outbreaks of contagious diseases could have an adverse effect on us.

We cannot predict how current and future political and economic uncertainty, including uncertainty related to taxation and increases in interest rates, will affect our critical tenants, joint venture partners, lenders, financial institutions and general economic conditions, including consumer confidence and the volatility of the stock market and real estate market. In addition, we cannot predict the potential outbreak of contagious diseases in the future.

These issues may cause consumers to postpone discretionary spending in response to tighter credit, reduced consumer confidence and other macroeconomic factors affecting consumer spending behavior, resulting in a downturn in the business of our tenants and an impact on potential purchases of our residential condominium units. In the event political and economic uncertainty results in financial turmoil affecting the banking system and financial markets or significant financial service institution failures, there could be a new or incremental tightening in the credit markets, low liquidity,

and extreme volatility in fixed income, credit, currency and equity markets. Each of these could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Breaches of information technology systems could materially harm our business and reputation.

We collect and retain on information technology systems certain financial, personal and other sensitive information provided by third parties, including tenants, vendors and employees. We also rely on information technology systems for the collection and distribution of funds.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information or the unauthorized distribution of funds. Any loss of this information or unauthorized distribution of funds as a result of a breach of information technology systems may result in loss of funds to which we are entitled, legal liability and costs (including damages and penalties), as well as damage to our reputation, that could materially and adversely affect our business and financial performance.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Our common stock is thinly traded and the price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly.

Our common stock, currently listed on the NYSE American, is thinly traded. Because our common stock is thinly traded, even small trades can have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock, especially when there are limited buyers in the market.  We cannot assure stockholders that an active market for our common stock will develop in the foreseeable future or, if developed, that it will be sustained. In addition, we may determine the benefits of listing our shares on the NYSE American do not merit the associated costs.  As a result of these factors, stockholders may not be able to resell their common stock. Volatility in the market price of our common stock and lack of liquidity may prevent stockholders from being able to sell their shares at or above the price paid for such shares. The market price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly for various reasons, many of which are beyond our control, including:

In addition, while our common stock remains thinly traded, small sales or purchases may cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate dramatically up or down without regard to our financial health or business prospects. Downward fluctuations can impair, and have impaired, our ability to raise equity capital on acceptable terms.

Stockholders may experience dilution of their ownership interests upon the issuance of additional shares of our common stock or securities convertible into shares of our common stock.

We may issue additional equity securities in capital raising transactions or otherwise, resulting in the dilution of the ownership interests of our present stockholders. We are currently authorized to issue an aggregate of 120,000,000 shares of capital stock consisting of 79,999,997 shares of common stock, two shares of a class of preferred stock (which were redeemed in accordance with their terms and may not be reissued), one share of a class of special stock and 40,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock. Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 were 36,907,862 shares of our common stock, one share of special stock, and warrants to purchase 7,179,000 shares of our common stock.

We have in the past and we may in the future raise additional capital through public or private offerings of our common stock or other securities that are convertible into or exercisable for our common stock. Any future issuance of our equity or equity-linked securities may dilute then-current stockholders’ ownership percentages and could also result in a decrease in the fair market value of our equity securities, because our assets would be owned by a larger pool of outstanding equity. We may also issue such securities in connection with hiring or retaining employees and consultants, as payment to providers of goods and services, in connection with future acquisitions and investments, development, redevelopment and repositioning of assets, or for other business purposes. Our board of directors may at any time authorize the issuance of additional common stock without stockholder approval, unless the approval of our common stockholders is required by applicable law, rule or regulation, including NYSE American regulations, or our certificate of incorporation. The terms of preferred or other equity or equity-linked securities we may issue in future transactions may be more favorable to new investors, and may include dividend and/or liquidation preferences, anti-dilution protection, pre-emptive rights, superior voting rights and the issuance of warrants or other derivative securities, among other terms, which may have a further dilutive effect. Our outstanding warrants also contain these types of provisions. Also, the future issuance of any such additional shares of common stock or other securities may create downward pressure on the trading price of our common stock. There can be no assurance that any such future issuances will not be at a price or have conversion or exercise prices below the price at which shares of the common stock are then traded.

A decline in the price of our common stock, including as a result of a sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, may impair our ability to raise capital in the future.

A decline in the price of our common stock, whether as a result of market conditions, sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, or other reasons, may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate, which would impair our ability to raise capital.

Capital-raising transactions resulting in a large amount of newly issued shares that become readily tradable, or other events that cause current stockholders to sell shares, could place downward pressure on the trading price of our stock. In addition, the lack of a robust resale market may require a stockholder who desires to sell a large number of shares of common stock to sell the shares in increments over time to mitigate any adverse impact of the sales on the market price of our stock.

If our stockholders sell, or the market perceives that our stockholders intend to sell for various reasons, including the ending of restrictions on resale of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, including shares issued upon the exercise of outstanding options, the market price of our common stock could fall. A significant amount of restricted shares previously issued by us have been registered for resale on registration statements filed with the SEC.

More than 50% of our shares of common stock are currently controlled by four of our stockholders who may have the ability to influence the election of directors and the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders.

More than 50% of our shares of common stock are controlled by four of our stockholders. As a result, these stockholders may have the ability to significantly influence the outcome of issues submitted to our stockholders for a vote. The interests of these stockholders may not always coincide with our interests or the interests of other stockholders, and they may act in a manner that advances their best interests and not necessarily those of other stockholders. The concentration of

ownership could also deter unsolicited takeovers, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then current market prices.

The holder of our special stock and one of our lenders each have the right to appoint a member to our board of directors and, consequently, the ability to exert influence over us.

In connection with the investment in us by Third Avenue Trust, on behalf of Third Avenue Real Estate Value Fund (“Third Avenue”), Third Avenue was issued one share of a class of special stock and our certificate of incorporation was amended to provide that, subject to the other terms and conditions of our certificate of incorporation, from the issuance of the one share of special stock and until the “Special Stock Ownership Threshold” of 2,345,000 shares of common stock is no longer satisfied, Third Avenue has the right to elect one director to the board of directors. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the credit agreement and letter agreement we entered into in December 2019, as amended, with the lender under our Corporate Credit Facility (the “CCF Lender”), the CCF Lender has the right to elect one director to the board of directors, or, at the election of the CCF Lender, a board observer, so long as certain conditions are met as described in more detail in Note 11 – Loans Payable and Secured Line of Credit and Note 12 – Stockholders’ Equity. As a result, for so long as these board appointment rights are in effect, Third Avenue and the CCF Lender may be able to exert influence over our policies and management, potentially in a manner which may not be in our best interests or the best interests of the other stockholders.

In order to protect our ability to utilize our NOLs and certain other tax attributes, our certificate of incorporation includes certain transfer restrictions with respect to our stock, which may limit the liquidity of our common stock.

To reduce the risk of a potential adverse effect on our ability to use our NOLs and certain other tax attributes for U.S. Federal income tax purposes, our certificate of incorporation contains certain transfer restrictions with respect to our stock by substantial stockholders. These restrictions may adversely affect the ability of certain holders of our common stock to dispose of or acquire shares of our common stock and may have an adverse impact on the liquidity of our stock generally.

We have not paid dividends on our common stock in the past and do not expect to pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any return on investment may be limited to the value of our common stock.

We have never paid a cash dividend on our common stock. We expect that any income received from operations will be devoted to our future operations and growth. We do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the near future. Payment of dividends in the future will depend upon our profitability at the time, cash available for those dividends, and such other factors as our board of directors may consider relevant. If we do not pay dividends, our common stock may be less valuable because a return on an investor’s investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates.

Our charter documents and Delaware law could prevent a takeover that stockholders consider favorable and could also reduce the market price of our stock.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change in control of us. These provisions could also make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. In addition to the matters identified in the risk factors above relating to the provisions of our certificate of incorporation, these provisions include:

These and other provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and under Delaware law could discourage potential takeover attempts, reduce the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of common stock and result in the market price of the common stock being lower than it would be without these provisions.

Our certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain actions or proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could discourage claims or limit stockholders’ ability to make a claim against the Company, our directors, officers, and employees.

The Company’s certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on the Company’s behalf; any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty; any action asserting a claim against the Company arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Company’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws; or any action asserting a claim against the Company that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.  This provision is not intended to apply to claims arising under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act. To the extent the provision could be construed to apply to such claims, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce the provision in such respect, and the Company’s stockholders will not be deemed to have waived the Company’s compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

The exclusive forum provision may discourage claims or limit stockholders’ ability to submit claims in a judicial forum that they find favorable and may create additional costs as a result. If a court were to determine the exclusive forum provision to be inapplicable and unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs in conjunction with our efforts to resolve the dispute in an alternative jurisdiction, which could have a negative impact on our results of operations.

Because we are a U.S. real property holding corporation, non-U.S. holders of our common stock could be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the gain from its sale, exchange or other disposition.

Because we are a U.S. real property holding corporation, which we refer to as "USRPHC," under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 and applicable U.S. Treasury regulations, which we refer to collectively as the "FIRPTA Rules," unless an exception applies, certain non-U.S. investors in our common stock could be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the gain from the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares of our common stock, and such non-U.S. investors could be required to file a United States federal income tax return. In addition, the purchaser of such common stock may be required to withhold 15% of the purchase price and remit such amount to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.

Under the FIRPTA Rules, we are a USRPHC because our interests in U.S. real property comprise at least 50% of the fair market value of our assets. Our common stock trades on the NYSE American. So long as it continues to do so, and is regularly quoted by brokers or dealers making a market in our common stock, our common stock will be treated as "regularly traded on an established securities market" (within the meaning of the FIRPTA Rules). As a result, (i) a non-U.S. investor who, actually or constructively, holds no more than 5% of our common stock would not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the gain from the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common stock under the FIRPTA Rules, and (ii) a purchaser of such stock from a non-U.S. investor would not be required to withhold any portion of the purchase price of such stock, regardless of the percentage of our common stock held by such non-U.S. investor. Any of our common stockholders that are non-U.S. persons should consult their tax advisors to determine the consequences of investing in our common stock.

Forward-looking statements may prove inaccurate.

See Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," for additional disclosure regarding forward-looking statements.

Item 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

The Paramus property had been under contract for sale pursuant to a purchase and sale agreement, which was subject to site plan approval.  The agreement was terminated by the buyer in January 2023. We are currently exploring options with respect to the Paramus property, including development, redevelopment or sale, among others.

Due to water damage in apartment units and other property at 237 11^th resulting from construction defects which we believe were concealed by the prior ownership team and its contractor, we submitted a notice of claim to our insurance carrier for property damage and business interruption (lost revenue) in September 2018.  The insurance carrier subsequently disclaimed coverage for the losses and we filed a complaint against the carrier alleging that it breached the insurance policy by denying coverage. We also filed legal claims against the seller, its parent company, and the general contractor to recover damages arising from defective construction of the building, including defects that resulted in water damage as well as other defects. In addition, the general contractor impleaded into that litigation several subcontractors who performed work on the property. Management expects to recover some portion of the cost incurred to repair the property through the litigations and/or settlement negotiations with the seller, its parent company, the general contractor, the subcontractors, and the insurance carrier, although the amount of damages that may be recoverable in litigation and/or potential settlement negotiations are uncertain at this time, as is the timing of receipt of any such payments. We continue to pursue all legal remedies.  We incurred significant cash outflows for costs associated with these repairs and remediation, which commenced in September 2019 and were completed as of December 31, 2021.  

Lease Expirations

As of December 31, 2022, we have two retail leases at our Paramus property with 77,000 square feet of leased space with annualized rent of $638,000 per year.  The lease of the outparcel building expired in March 2023, and the lease for the primary building expires in March 2024.  We also have a retail lease at the 237 11^th property with 2,006 square feet of leased space with annualized rent of $130,000 per year that expires in 2027, a second retail lease at the 237 11^th property with 1,074 square feet of leased space with average annualized rent of $94,506 per year that expires in 2036 and a third retail lease at the 237 11^th property with 2,208 square feet of leased space with average annualized rent of $153,366 per year that expires in 2032.  We also have a retail lease at 77 Greenwich with 1,061 square feet of leased space with an average annualized rent of $88,085 per year that expires in 2032. All our other leases are residential leases most of which expire within twelve or twenty-four months of the commencement date.

Corporate Headquarters

We lease our corporate headquarters in New York, New York (approximately 6,271 square feet). The lease expires in March 2025.

Item 3.       LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the normal course of business, we are party to routine legal proceedings. Based on advice of counsel and available information, including current status or stage of proceedings, and taking into account accruals where they have been established, management currently believes that any liabilities ultimately resulting from litigation we are currently involved in will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Item 4.       MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5.      MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock trades on the NYSE American. The trading symbol of our common stock is “TPHS”.

Outstanding Common Stock and Holders

As of March 31, 2023, we had 43,903,363 shares issued and 37,163,137 shares outstanding and there were approximately 137 record holders of our common stock.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

Item 6.      (RESERVED)

​

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Item 7.      MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion related to our consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements appearing in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. A detailed discussion of the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 is not included herein and can be found in the Management's Discussion and Analysis section in the 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on October 5, 2022.

Overview

We are a real estate holding, investment, development and asset management company. Our largest asset is a property located at 77 Greenwich Street in Lower Manhattan (“77 Greenwich”), which is nearing completion  as a mixed-use project consisting of a 90-unit residential condominium tower, retail space and a New York City elementary school. We also own a 105-unit, 12-story multi-family property located at 237 11^th Street in Brooklyn, New York (“237 11^th”), as well as a property occupied by a retail tenant in Paramus, New Jersey. In February 2023, we sold our 10% interest in a joint venture that owned a multifamily property at 250 North 10^th Street, Brooklyn, New York. See Item 2. Properties above for a more detailed description of our properties that were owned at December 31, 2022. In addition to our real estate portfolio, we also control a variety of intellectual property assets focused on the consumer sector, a legacy of our predecessor, Syms Corp. (“Syms”). We also had approximately $275.8 million of federal net operating loss carry forwards (“NOLs”) at December 31, 2022, which can be used to reduce our future taxable income and capital gains.

Liquidity and Going Concern; Management’s Plans; Recent Developments

The COVID-19 pandemic and related matters, including government actions, shifts in residential consumer sentiment and changes to the broader and local economies, had a significant adverse impact on our business.  More recently, the economic downturn, increased interest rates and high inflation have also impacted our business.  While we believe many of these trends will reverse or stabilize, and the New York City economy and residential real estate markets have generally seen continued improvement in 2022 and to date in 2023, given our focus on New York City residential real estate, our business has been particularly impacted.  As of December 31, 2022, we had total cash and restricted cash of $22.1 million, of which approximately $1.6 million was cash and cash equivalents and approximately $20.5 million was restricted cash. We also had $2.0 million available under our secured line of credit at December 31, 2022, which has since been drawn.  The Company’s cash and cash equivalents will not be sufficient to fund the Company’s operations, debt service, amortization

and maturities and corporate expenses over the next 12 months, unless we are able to extend or refinance our maturing debt and raise additional capital, creating substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Management is exploring opportunities to secure additional funding through the sale of assets, refinancings of outstanding indebtedness, and equity or debt financings or other sources.  The Company also continues to explore a range of strategic and financing alternatives to maximize stockholder value, and to engage with parties that have expressed interest in the Company’s attributes and assets and may see the Company as a potential vehicle for growth, with potential opportunities to recapitalize the Company at a lower cost of capital.  The Company has engaged our Advisors in connection with our strategic review process and to assist us in identifying and evaluating potential alternatives.  Potential strategic alternatives that may be evaluated include securing an equity and/or debt financing of the Company, refinancing of existing debt, and/or a sale or merger or reverse merger of the Company.  The Company is also in discussions with its lenders regarding the deferment of upcoming interest, amortization and other payment obligations for the period ending March 31, 2023 and going forward.  The Company is also exploring a refinancing of the debt in respect of 237 11^th.  Given the current environment there can be no assurance that we will be able to enter into any of the contemplated or future extensions, amendments or waivers with our lenders, raise additional capital, refinance indebtedness or enter into other financing arrangements or engage in asset sales or strategic partnerships sufficient to fund our cash needs, on terms satisfactory to us, if at all.  Further, in the event that market conditions preclude our ability to consummate such transactions, we will be required to evaluate additional alternatives in restructuring our business and our capital structure, including but not limited to filing for bankruptcy protection or seeking an out-of-court restructuring of our liabilities. See Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors and Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements and of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

While construction at 77 Greenwich has taken longer than projected due to the impacts of COVID-19 and supply-chain issues over the past years, and the impact of the pandemic and broader economic conditions have impeded the sale of residential condominium units at 77 Greenwich, we continue to sign and close contracts for our residential condominium units, including five units since December 31, 2022. The units that remain available to be sold are larger, higher floor units.  The substantial majority of the construction is completed with amenity spaces and punch-list items anticipated to be completed by April 30, 2023.

Business and Growth Strategies

Historically, our primary business objective has been to maximize the risk adjusted, time adjusted return on investment in our portfolio of properties and new acquisitions and investments across all points of the economic cycle. Our strategies to achieve this objective have recently included (i) the sale and closing of residential condominium units at 77 Greenwich and the development, redevelopment, repositioning and potential disposition of our legacy retail property in Paramus, New Jersey; (ii) identifying additional acquisition and investment opportunities, including high-quality, multi-family real estate in New York City; (iii) entering into joint ventures in respect of attractive properties; and (iv) enhancing our capital structure.   We are currently focused on exploring a range of strategic and financing alternatives to maximize stockholder value, which may include securing additional equity or debt financings, refinancings of existing debt, and/or a sale or merger of the Company.

Impact of COVID-19

Our business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price have been and may continue to be adversely impacted by the outbreak of COVID-19 and resulting restrictions and such impact could continue to be material.  The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact the Company’s business, operations and financial results in the future will depend on numerous evolving factors that the Company is not able to predict at this time, including, but not limited to, the impact on sales of residential condominium units at 77 Greenwich, which has been material; the impact on the timing for construction of 77 Greenwich; and the impact on the timing of the 237 11^th litigation due to backlog in the New York City court system and the slowdown in judicial proceedings.  With the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination programs and companies encouraging employees to return to the office, more potential tenants are moving back into New York City, which has resulted in an increase in face rents and a reduction in concessions.  Notwithstanding these broader market trends, signs of distress, including discounted sales prices and debt workouts, in the New York City investment market have been almost non-existent over the past several years. Multi-family property sales transaction volumes increased in 2022 and 2021 compared to 2020 and properties have been sold at record prices, although market conditions continue to fluctuate.

Development and Other Activities During 2022

As of December 31, 2022, all residential unit finishes at 77 Greenwich were complete.  As of December 31, 2022, we had received our TCOs for the condominium units on floors 11-35 (except the units noted below), lobby, Cloud Club (lounge, terrace, game room, dining room, kitchen and kids play room), mechanical rooms, and portions of the cellar (including the bike and storage rooms.) The project was approximately 95% complete at December 31, 2022. As of March 1, 2023, we had received TCOs for 100% of the residential units. As of December 31, 2022, we had closed on the sale of 28 residential condominium units at 77 Greenwich, at an aggregate gross sales price of $63.6 million, and as of March 31, 2023 we had closed on five additional residential condominium units at an aggregate gross sales price of $13.7 million. Other units are under contract that are expected to close in the coming months. Units that closed during 2022 and 2021 were generally lower priced, smaller units on the building’s lower floors, many of which entered into contract during the height of the pandemic. These units were completed first and were covered by the initial TCOs. Getting these units under contract allowed us to obtain approval from the New York State Attorney General and therefore start the closing process on residential units.

In addition, as of December 31, 2022 237 11^th was 100.0% leased.  

Results of Operations

Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Total rental revenues in total increased by approximately $2.3 million to $5.5 million for year ended December 31, 2022 from $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This consisted of an increase in base rent revenues of approximately $2.3 million to $5.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as well as a slight increase in tenant reimbursement revenue of approximately $36,000 to $224,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $188,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in total rental revenues and its related components was due to higher occupancy, higher base rents and fewer rent concessions at 237 11^th during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 which was due to completion of remediation of the construction related defects.  

Other income, which consisted mainly of the SCA construction supervision fee, decreased by approximately $173,000 to $182,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $355,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021 as a result of a reduction in the SCA’s construction.

Sales of residential condominium units at 77 Greenwich increased by approximately $13.6 million to $37.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $23.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.  We closed on 14 residential condominium units in each of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.  Units that we closed during 2022 and 2021 were generally lower priced, smaller units on the building’s lower floors, many of which entered into contract during the height of the pandemic.

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Property operating expenses decreased by approximately $1.4 million to $4.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $5.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was principally due to expenses associated with 237 11^th, including approximately $2.5 million in lower remediation related costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, reflecting completion of remediation efforts by December 31, 2021, which was partially offset by less capitalized operating costs at 77 Greenwich.   Property operating expenses consisted primarily of expenses incurred for utilities, payroll, COVID-19 related supplies and general operating expenses as well as repairs and maintenance and leasing commission at 237 11^th and 77 Greenwich, and to a lesser extent expenses related to the Paramus, New Jersey property.

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Real estate tax expense increased by approximately $1.0 million to $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $724,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021.  This increase was mainly due to less capitalized real estate tax expenses for 77 Greenwich for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021.

General and administrative expenses increased by approximately $621,000 to $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2022, approximately

$463,000 related to stock-based compensation, $2.6 million related to payroll and payroll related expenses, $1.5 million related to other corporate expenses, including board fees, corporate office rent and insurance and $1.2 million related to legal, accounting and other professional fees.  For the year ended December 31, 2021, approximately $477,000 related to stock-based compensation, $2.7 million related to payroll and payroll related expenses, $1.1 million related to other corporate expenses, including board fees, corporate office rent and insurance and $854,000 related to legal, accounting and other professional fees.

Pension related costs increased by approximately $481,000 to $548,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $67,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021. These costs represent other periodic pension costs and professional fees incurred in connection with the legacy Syms Pension Plan (see Note 9 – Pension Plan to our consolidated financial statements for further information).

Cost of sales – residential condominium units increased by approximately $12.9 million to $35.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $22.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. We closed on 14 residential condominium units for both of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.  Cost of sales consists of construction and capitalized operating costs that are allocated to the respective condominium units being sold, as well as closing costs of the residential condominium units. Units that we closed during 2022 and 2021 were generally lower priced, smaller units on the building’s lower floors.

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Transaction related costs were $163,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and were not incurred for the year ended December 31, 2021.  These costs represent professional fees and other costs incurred in connection with the underwriting and evaluation of potential acquisitions and investments for transactions that were not consummated, as well as costs for potential leases at our retail properties that were not consummated.

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Depreciation and amortization remained consistent at $4.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.  For the year ended December 31, 2022, depreciation and amortization expense consisted of depreciation for the Paramus, New Jersey property of approximately $1.1 million, depreciation for 237 11^th of approximately $1.6 million, the amortization of lease commissions and acquired in-place leases of approximately $770,000 for 237 11^th, and amortization of warrants of approximately $456,000.  For the year ended December 31, 2021, depreciation and amortization expense consisted of depreciation for the Paramus, New Jersey property of approximately $1.1 million, depreciation for 237 11^th of approximately $1.6 million, the amortization of lease commissions, acquired in-place leases of approximately $768,000 for 237 11^th, and warrants of approximately $456,000.

Equity in net income from unconsolidated joint ventures increased by approximately $1.4 million to $804,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022 from a net loss of $555,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021. Equity in net income from unconsolidated joint ventures represented our 50% share in The Berkley, which was sold in April 2022, and our 10% share in 250 North 10^th. For the year ended December 31, 2022, our share of the net income is primarily comprised of operating income before depreciation of $1.1 million offset by depreciation and amortization of $774,000, interest expense of $430,000, gain from the change in the fair market value of the interest rate swap of $77,000 and a gain on the settlement of the interest rate swap of $1.0 million upon the sale of The Berkley in April 2022.  For the year ended December 31, 2021, our share of the loss is primarily comprised of operating income before depreciation of $1.7 million offset by depreciation and amortization of $1.5 million, interest expense of $745,000 and the change in the fair market value of the interest rate swap of $77,000.

Equity in net gain on sale of unconsolidated joint venture property represents the sale of The Berkley in April 2022 for a sale price of $70.8 million. In connection with the sale of the property, our share of the gain was approximately $4.5 million.  

Unrealized gain on warrants increased by approximately $1.0 million to $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $73,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021. This represents the change in the fair market valuation of the warrants due mainly to the change in our stock price on the measurement date.

Interest expense, net increased by approximately $7.8 million to $15.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $7.9 million, net for the year ended December 31, 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2022, there was approximately

$20.6 million of gross interest expense incurred, $4.9 million of which was capitalized into residential condominium units for sale. For the year ended December 31, 2021, there was approximately $21.2 million of gross interest expense incurred, $13.3 million of which was capitalized into residential condominium units for sale, and $2,000 of interest income. The decrease in gross interest expense was mainly due to overall lower average borrowings during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 from the on-going paydown of the 77 Mortgage Loan and repayment of the Berkley Partner Loan, partially offset by higher overall interest rates on our loans after December 31, 2021.

Interest expense - amortization of deferred finance costs increased approximately $932,000 to $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was principally due to less capitalized amortization of finance costs for our loans and secured line of credit as part of residential condominium units for sale, partially offset by the write-off of deferred finance costs related to the refinancing of the 237 11^th Loans that we closed on in September 2021.

We recorded a $288,000 tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $265,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Net loss attributable to common stockholders decreased by approximately $115,000 to $20.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $20.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.  This is a result of the changes discussed above, principally due to the sale of The Berkley, increased rental revenue and lower property operating expenses at 237 11^th due to the completion of the remediation work by the end of 2021, 100% occupancy at 237 11^th by the end of December 31, 2022, an increase in our equity in net income in our joint ventures, a larger unrealized gain on warrants and our net profit on the sale of residential condominium units at 77 Greenwich partially offset by increased operating and interest expenses at 77 Greenwich.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The COVID-19 pandemic and related matters, including government actions, shifts in residential consumer sentiment and changes to the broader and local economies, had a significant adverse impact on our business.  More recently, the economic downturn, increased interest rates and high inflation have also impacted our business.  While we believe many of these trends will reverse or stabilize, and the New York City economy and residential real estate markets have generally seen continued improvement in 2022 and to date in 2023, given our focus on New York City residential real estate, our business has been particularly impacted, and may continue to be, as described elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

We currently expect that our principal sources of funds to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements for working capital and repayments of outstanding indebtedness and other costs will include some or all of the following:

Cash flow from operations is primarily dependent upon the occupancy level of our portfolio, the net effective rental rates achieved on our leases, the collectability of rent, operating escalations and recoveries from our tenants and the level of operating and other costs which will be affected by inflation and rising interest rates, among other factors.

As of December 31, 2022, we had total cash and restricted cash of $22.1 million, of which approximately $1.6 million was cash and cash equivalents and approximately $20.5 million was restricted cash. We also had $2.0 million available under our secured line of credit at December 31, 2022, which has since been drawn.  Restricted cash represents amounts required to be restricted under our loan agreements, letter of credit (see Note 11 – Loans Payable and Secured Line of Credit to our

consolidated financial statements for further information), deposits on residential condominium sales at 77 Greenwich and tenant related security deposits.

Material Cash Requirements

The Company’s material cash requirements include the following contractual and debt obligations as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

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Capital Expenditures

We estimate that for the year ending December 31, 2023, we will not require any funds for capital expenditures and development or redevelopment expenditures (including tenant improvements and leasing commissions) on existing properties, other than for 77 Greenwich which will be funded under the 77 Mortgage Loan. We currently anticipate that the proceeds available under the 77 Mortgage Loan, together with equity funded by us to date, will be sufficient to close out the construction project at 77 Greenwich without us making any further cash contributions.

Cash Position

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents will not be sufficient to fund the Company’s operations, debt service, amortization and maturities and corporate expenses over the next 12 months, unless we are able to extend or refinance our maturing debt and raise additional capital, creating substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Management is exploring opportunities to secure additional funding through the sale of assets, refinancings of outstanding indebtedness, and equity or debt financings or other sources.  The Company also continues to explore a range of strategic and financing alternatives to maximize stockholder value, and to engage with parties that have expressed interest in the Company’s attributes and assets and may see the Company as a potential vehicle for growth, with potential opportunities to recapitalize the Company at a lower cost of capital.  The Company has engaged our Advisors in connection with our strategic review process and to assist us in identifying and evaluating potential alternatives.  Potential strategic alternatives that may be evaluated include securing an equity and/or debt financing of the Company, refinancing of existing debt, and/or a sale or merger or reverse merger of the Company.  The Company is also in discussions with its CCF Lender regarding the deferral of near term payment obligations, and recently agreed to a 60-day extension of the maturity of its secured line of credit.  The Company is also exploring a refinancing of the debt in respect of 237 11^th.  Given the current environment there can be no assurance that we will be able to enter into extensions, amendments and/or waivers with our lenders, raise additional capital, refinance indebtedness or enter into other financing arrangements or engage in asset sales or strategic partnerships sufficient to fund our cash needs, on terms satisfactory to us, if at all.  Further, in the event that market conditions preclude our ability to consummate such transactions, we will be required to evaluate additional alternatives in restructuring our business and our capital structure, including but not limited to filing for bankruptcy protection or seeking an out-of-court restructuring of our liabilities. See Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors and Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements and of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

Corporate Credit Facility

In December 2019, we entered into a credit agreement (the “Corporate Credit Facility” or “CCF”) with an affiliate of a global institutional investment management firm as initial lender (the “CCF Lender”) and Trimont Real Estate Advisors, LLC, as administrative agent (the “Corporate Facility Administrative Agent”), pursuant to which the CCF Lender agreed to extend us credit in multiple draws aggregating $70.0 million, subject to increase by $25.0 million upon satisfaction of certain conditions and the consent of the CCF Lender. The CCF matures on December 19, 2024, subject to extensions until December 19, 2025 and June 19, 2026, respectively, under certain circumstances. The CCF provided for the proceeds of the Corporate Credit Facility to be used for investments in certain multi-family apartment buildings in the greater New York City area and certain non-residential real estate investments approved by the CCF Lender in its reasonable discretion, as well as in connection with certain property recapitalizations and in specified amounts for general corporate purposes and working capital. The CCF bears interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum of (i) 5.25% and (ii) a scheduled interest rate (the “Cash Pay Interest Rate”) based on six-month periods from the initial closing date, which Cash Pay Interest Rate, from the Closing Date until the six-month anniversary of the initial closing date initially equaled 4.0% and increases by 125 basis points in each succeeding six-month period, subject to increase during the extension periods. A $2.45 million commitment fee was payable 50% on the initial draw and 50% as amounts under the CCF are drawn, with any remaining balance due on the last date of the draw period, and a 1.0% exit fee is payable in respect of CCF repayments. As of December 31, 2022, we had paid $1.85 million of the commitment fee. The CCF may be prepaid at any time subject to a prepayment premium on the portion of the CCF being repaid.

At December 31, 2022, the CCF had an outstanding balance of $35.75 million, excluding deferred finance fees of $1.3 million, and an effective interest rate of 9.875%. Accrued interest totaled approximately $6.1 million at December 31, 2022, $419,000 of which was paid during the second week of January 2023.  We are in discussions with the CCF Lender

regarding deferment of upcoming interest payments and a $7.0 million amortization payment due on May 1, 2023.  See Note 11 – Loans Payable and Secured Line of Credit to our consolidated financial statements for further discussion.

In connection with the December 2020 transaction described below, the Company entered into an amendment to the Corporate Credit Facility (the “Corporate Facility Amendment”) pursuant to which, among other things, (i) the CCF Lender and the Corporate Facility Administrative Agent permitted the Company to enter into the Mezzanine Loan Agreement (as defined below), the amendment to the 77 Greenwich Construction Facility and related documents, (ii) the commitment made by the CCF Lender under the Corporate Credit Facility was reduced by the amount of the Mezzanine Loan (as defined below) from $70.0 million to $62.5 million, subject to increase by $25.0 million upon satisfaction of certain conditions and the consent of the CCF Lender, and (iii) the multiple on invested capital, or MOIC, amount that would be due and payable by the Company upon the final repayment of the loan pursuant to the CCF if no event of default exists and is continuing under the CCF at any time prior to December 22, 2022, was amended to combine the CCF and the Mezzanine Loan for purposes of calculating the MOIC, to the extent not previously paid, if any.  See Note 11 – Loans Payable and Secured Line of Credit to our consolidated financial statements for further discussion.

In connection with the closing of the 77 Mortgage Loan and amendment to the Mezzanine Loan described below, we entered into amendments to our CCF in October 2021 and November 2021, pursuant to which, among other things, the parties agreed that (a) no additional funds will be drawn under the CCF, (b) the minimum liquidity requirement was made consistent with the 77 Mortgage Loan Agreement until May 1, 2023, (c) the Company will prepay the outstanding principal balance of the CCF in an amount no less than $7.0 million on or prior to May 1, 2023 and (d) the MOIC provisions were revised to provide that (i) the MOIC amount due upon final repayment of the CCF loan was amended to be consistent with the Mezzanine Loan such that if no event of default exists and is continuing under the CCF at any time prior to June 22, 2023, the amount due will be combined with the Mezzanine Loan, to the extent not previously paid, if any, and (ii) the amount of the CCF used to calculate the MOIC was reduced to $35.75 million.  We entered into an amendment in November 2022, which eliminated the minimum liquidity requirement.  

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In connection with the CCF, we also entered into a warrant agreement with the CCF Lender pursuant to which we issued to the CCF Lender ten-year warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase up to 7,179,000 shares of our common stock.  In connection with the Corporate Facility Amendment, the exercise price of the Warrants was amended from $6.50 per share to $4.31 per share, payable in cash or pursuant to a cashless exercise.  See Note 12 – Stockholders Equity – Warrants to our consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding the warrants.

As of December 31, 2022, the CCF was fully drawn and we were in compliance with all covenants of the CCF.

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77 Mortgage Loan

In October 2021, a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours (the “Mortgage Borrower”) entered into a loan agreement with Macquarie PF Inc., a part of Macquarie Capital, the advisory, capital markets and principal investment arm of Macquarie Group, as lender and administrative agent (the “77 Mortgage Lender”), pursuant to which 77 Mortgage Lender agreed to extend credit to Mortgage Borrower in the amount of up to $166.7 million (the “77 Mortgage Loan”), subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions (the “77 Mortgage Loan Agreement”). We borrowed $133.1 million on the closing date of the 77 Mortgage Loan and the balance of the funds used to repay the construction facility were obtained from an increase in the Mezzanine Loan, the Berkley Partner Loan and funds raised through the Private Placement.  At loan closing in October 2021, $33.6 million was available to be used to, among other things, complete construction of 77 Greenwich and fund carry costs while the residential condominium units are being sold, $30.6 million of such amount had been drawn by December 31, 2022.  The $3.0 million additional amount remained undrawn at December 31, 2022.  

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The 77 Mortgage Loan has a two-year term with an option to extend for an additional year, if the loan balance is $70.0 million or less and we purchase a new interest rate cap.  The 77 Mortgage Loan is secured by the Mortgage Borrower’s fee interest in 77 Greenwich. The 77 Mortgage Loan bears interest at a rate per annum equal to the greater of (i) 7.00% in excess of LIBOR and (ii) 7.25%; provided that, if, on April 22, 2023, the outstanding principal balance of the 77 Mortgage Loan, together with any accrued and unpaid PIK Interest and unpaid Additional Unused Fee (as those terms are defined below) is equal to or greater than $91.0 million, the rate per annum will be equal to the greater of (i) 9.00% in excess of LIBOR and (ii) 9.25%. If cash flow from 77 Greenwich (including proceeds from the sales of residential units) is

insufficient to pay interest payments when due, any accrued but unpaid interest will remain unpaid and interest will continue to accrue on such unpaid amounts (“PIK Interest”) until the cumulative PIK Interest and Additional Unused Fee accrues to $4.5 million (the “Threshold Amount”), after which all such amounts in excess of the Threshold Amount shall be paid in cash on a monthly basis until such amounts are less than the Threshold Amount. As advances of the 77 Mortgage Loan are made to Mortgage Borrower and the outstanding principal balance of the 77 Mortgage Loan increases, net proceeds from the sales of condominium units will be paid to 77 Mortgage Lender to reduce the outstanding balance of the 77 Mortgage Loan. A 1% per annum fee (the “Additional Unused Fee”) on a $3.0 million portion (the “Additional Amount”) of the 77 Mortgage Loan, is payable on a monthly basis on the undrawn portion of such Additional Amount. To the extent the 77 Mortgage Loan was not fully funded by October 22, 2022 (April 22, 2023 in the case of amounts with respect to construction work related to the new handicapped accessible subway entrance on Trinity Place), 77 Mortgage Lender may in its discretion force fund the remaining balance other than the Additional Amount into a reserve account held by 77 Mortgage Lender and disbursed in accordance with the terms of the 77 Mortgage Loan Agreement. The 77 Mortgage Lender elected to force fund the 77 Mortgage Loan in October 2022.  The 77 Mortgage Loan is prepayable without penalty, subject to 77 Mortgage Lender receiving a minimum total return of $15.26 million, or if an advance has been made of the Additional Amount, the sum of $15.26 million, plus 10% of the Additional Amount that has been disbursed, in each case, inclusive of interest and fees, and must be prepaid in part in certain circumstances such as in the event of the sale of residential and retail condominium units. Mortgage Borrower was required to achieve completion of the construction work and the improvements for the Project on or before July 1, 2022, subject to certain exceptions.  In November 2022, we amended the 77 Mortgage Loan to, amongst other things, extend the Final Completion date to September 29, 2023 and eliminate the liquidity requirement. At that time, we drew down $3.0 million under the letter of credit to fund an interest reserve and $1.0 million to pay down the PIK balance. The 77 Mortgage Loan Agreement also includes additional customary affirmative and negative covenants for loans of this type, with the first sales pace covenant in April 2023.  Based on sales closed through March 31, 2023, we met this sales covenant.  

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In connection with the 77 Mortgage Loan Agreement, we entered into guarantees with the 77 Mortgage Lender pursuant to which we guaranteed the completion and payment of costs and expenses related to the construction; the payment of accrued and unpaid interest and other fees, costs, expenses and payments due and payable with respect to the 77 Mortgage Loan or 77 Greenwich; and the payment when due of all amounts due to 77 Mortgage Lender, as a result of “bad-boy” provisions. Mortgage Borrower and the Company also entered into an environmental compliance and indemnification undertaking for the benefit of 77 Mortgage Lender.

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As of December 31, 2022, the 77 Mortgage Loan had been paid down by approximately $47.8 million of proceeds from closed sales of residential condominium units to a balance of $120.5 million, which includes $4.7 million in PIK interest.  

As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all covenants of the 77 Mortgage Loan.  

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Mezzanine Loan

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In December 2020, we entered into a mezzanine loan agreement with an affiliate of the CCF Lender (the “Mezzanine Loan Agreement”, and the loan thereunder, the “Mezzanine Loan”).  The Mezzanine Loan was originally in the amount of $7.5 million and has a term of three years with two one-year extension options, exercisable under certain circumstances. The collateral for the Mezzanine Loan was the borrower’s equity interest in its direct, wholly-owned subsidiary. As of December 31, 2022, the blended interest rate for the 77 Greenwich Construction Facility and the Mezzanine Loan was 10.2% on an annual basis. Interest on the Mezzanine Loan is not payable on a monthly basis but instead is automatically added to the unpaid principal amount on a monthly basis (and therefore accrues interest) and is payable in full on the maturity date of the Mezzanine Loan. Upon final repayment of the Mezzanine Loan, a MOIC will be due on substantially the same terms as provided for in the CCF. Subject to the prior sentence the Mezzanine Loan may be prepaid in whole or in part, without penalty or premium (other than payment of the MOIC amount, if applicable, as provided above), upon prior written notice to the lender under the Mezzanine Loan. In connection with the Mezzanine Loan, the Company entered into a completion guaranty, carry guaranty, equity funding guaranty, recourse guaranty and environmental indemnification undertaking.

In October 2021, the Mezzanine Loan Agreement was amended and restated to, among other things, (i) increase the amount of the loan thereunder by approximately $22.77 million, of which $0.77 million reflected interest previously accrued under the original Mezzanine Loan, (ii) reflect the pledge of the equity interests in the Mortgage Borrower to the Mezzanine

Lender as additional collateral for the Mezzanine Loan and (iii) conform certain of the covenants to those included in the 77 Mortgage Loan Agreement, as applicable. Additionally, the existing completion guaranty, carry guaranty, recourse guaranty and environmental indemnification executed in connection with the original Mezzanine Loan Agreement were amended to conform to the mortgage guarantees and mortgage environmental indemnity made in connection with the 77 Mortgage Loan (and the existing equity funding guaranty was terminated).   In November 2022, the Mezzanine Loan was amended to, amongst other things, extend the Final Completion date to September 29, 2023 and eliminate the liquidity requirement.

As of December 31, 2022, the Mezzanine Loan had a balance of $30.3 million and accrued interest totaled approximately $5.8 million.   See Note 11 – Loans Payable and Secured Line of Credit to our consolidated financial statements for further discussion.

As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with the covenants of the Mezzanine Loan.

237 11^th Loans

In June 2021, we entered into a $50.0 million senior loan (the “237 11^th Senior Loan”) and a $10 million mezzanine loan (the “237 11^th Mezz Loan” and together with the 237 11^th Senior Loan, the “237 11^th Loans”), provided by Natixis, bearing interest at a blended rate of 3.05% per annum. The LIBOR-based floating rate 237 11^th Loans have an initial term of two years and three one-year extension options. The first extension option is not subject to satisfaction of any financial tests but requires a new interest rate cap be purchased by the Company.  $1.5 million of the 237 11^th Senior Loan proceeds were initially held back by Natixis to cover debt service and operating expense shortfalls, as well as leasing related costs, but were drawn down in 2022.  There was an outstanding balance of $50.0 million on the 237 11^th Senior Loan and $10.0 million on the 237 11^th Mezz Loan at December 31, 2022.  We are currently exploring a potential refinancing of our 237 11^th Loans.

From time to time, properties that we own, acquire or develop may experience defects, including concealed defects, or damage due to natural causes, defective workmanship or other reasons. In these situations, we pursue our rights and remedies as appropriate with insurers, contractors, sellers and others. Due to water damage in apartment units and other property at 237 11^th resulting from construction defects which we believe were concealed by the prior ownership team and its contractor, we submitted a notice of claim to our insurance carrier for property damage and business interruption (lost revenue) in September 2018.  The insurance carrier subsequently disclaimed coverage for the losses and we filed a complaint against the carrier alleging that it breached the insurance policy by denying coverage.  We also filed legal claims against the seller, its parent company, and the general contractor to recover damages arising from defective construction of the building, including defects that resulted in water damage as well as other defects. In addition, the general contractor has impleaded into that litigation several subcontractors who performed work on the property. Management expects to recover some portion of the cost incurred to repair the property through the litigations and/or settlement negotiations with the seller, its parent company, the general contractor, the subcontractors, and the insurance carrier, although the amount of damages that may be recoverable in litigation and/or potential settlement negotiations are uncertain at this time, as is the timing of receipt of any such payments.  We continue to pursue all legal remedies.  We incurred significant cash outflows for costs associated with these repairs and remediation, which commenced in September 2019 and was completed by December 31, 2021.

As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with the covenants of the 237 11^th Loans, except for the minimum liquidity requirement.  The lender has agreed in principle to waive this requirement through the initial maturity date of the loan of July 9, 2023 and the parties are working on documentation.

The Berkley Loan

We owned a 50% interest in a joint venture formed to acquire and operate The Berkley. On February 28, 2020, in connection with a refinancing, The Berkley acquisition loan was repaid in full and was replaced with a new 7-year, $33.0 million loan (the “New Berkley Loan”) which bore interest at a fixed rate of 2.717% and was interest only during the initial five years. In connection with the sale of The Berkley in April 2022, the New Berkley Loan was repaid in full and retired.

The Berkley Partner Loan

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In October 2021, we entered into a loan agreement with our partner in the Berkley JV, pursuant to which our partner agreed to lend us up to $10.5 million principal amount, $500,000 of which was available only to be applied to interest payments, secured by our interest in the joint venture entity, maturing in one year. The loan bore interest at a rate of 10% per year, with a portion deferred until maturity.  This loan had a balance of $10.1 million when it was repaid in full in April 2022 in connection with the sale of The Berkley.

Secured Line of Credit

Our $11.75 million line of credit with Webster Bank (formerly known as Sterling National Bank) is secured by the Paramus, New Jersey property, and guaranteed by Trinity Place Holdings Inc.  The secured line of credit, which was scheduled to mature on March 23, 2023, was extended to May 22, 2023.  The Paramus property had been under contract for sale pursuant to a purchase and sale agreement, which was subject to site plan approval. The agreement was terminated by the buyer in January 2023.  The Company is in discussions with the lender regarding a further extension. The secured line of credit bears interest at the prime rate.  The secured line of credit is pre-payable at any time without penalty. As of December 31, 2022, the secured line of credit had an outstanding balance of $9.75 million and an effective interest rate of 7.5%.  

250 North 10^th Note

We owned a 10% interest in a joint venture with TF Cornerstone (the “250 North 10^th JV”) formed to acquire and operate 250 North 10^th, a 234-unit apartment building in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York. In January 2020, the 250 North 10^th JV closed on the acquisition of the property through a wholly-owned special purpose entity for a purchase price of $137.75 million, of which $82.75 million was financed through a 15-year mortgage loan (the “250 North 10^th Note”) secured by 250 North 10^th and the balance was paid in cash. Our share of the equity totaling approximately $5.9 million was funded through a loan (the “Partner Loan”) from our joint venture partner. The Partner Loan bore interest at 7.0% and was prepayable any time within its four year term.  We sold our interest in 250 N 10^th Avenue to our joint venture partner in February 2023 resulting in net proceeds of approximately $1.2 million after repayment of our Partner Loan and release from the mortgage guaranty.

Private Placement Transaction and Rights Offering

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In October 2021, we entered into a private placement agreement with certain existing shareholders (“Investors”), pursuant to which we issued to the Investors an aggregate of 2,539,473 shares of our common stock at a price of $1.90 per share, and we received gross proceeds of $4.8 million, which closed on the same day.

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In December 2021, we closed on a common stock rights offering to existing shareholders at a price of $1.90 per share, which resulted in the issuance of 903,576 shares of our common stock and we received gross proceeds of $1.7 million.

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At-The-Market Equity Offering Program

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In August 2021, we entered into an "at-the-market" equity offering program (the “ATM Program”), to sell up to an aggregate of $10.0 million in shares of our common stock.

We sold no shares of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2022.  During the year ended December 31, 2021, we sold 701,327 shares of our common stock for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $1.4 million (excluding approximately $169,000 in professional and brokerage fees) at a weighted average price of $1.95 per share.  

The ATM Program is currently unavailable as a result of the late filing of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the second quarter of 2022.  The Company currently anticipates it will become available again later in 2023.

Cash Flows

Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Net cash provided by operating activities increased by approximately $22.6 million to $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from net cash used of $21.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was mainly due to the less capitalized costs at 77 Greenwich this year compared to last year, and an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $1.3 million over the same period last year, partially offset by a larger decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets, net and receivables of approximately $2.6 million compared to the same period last year.

Net cash provided by investing activities increased by approximately $17.5 million to $17.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from net cash used of $140,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in net cash provided by investing activities was due to $17.4 million in net proceeds from the closing on the sale of The Berkley in April 2022.

Net cash used in financing activities increased by approximately $51.6 million to $21.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from net cash provided of $30.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in net cash used in financing activities primarily relates to the approximate $38.3 million of loan paydowns from the 77 Greenwich Mortgage Loan from the proceeds of residential condominium sales, the $10.1 million payoff of the Berkley Partner Loan after the sale of The Berkley, and a $3.0 million net paydown of the Secured Line of Credit, partially offset by $2.3 million less in net borrowings from the loans and secured line of credit this period compared to the same period last year as well as $7.6 million from the sale of common stock in 2021.

Net Operating Losses

We believe that our U.S. federal NOLs as of the emergence date of the Syms bankruptcy were approximately $162.8 million and believe our U.S. federal NOLs as of December 31, 2022 were approximately $275.8 million.  In connection with the conveyance of the school condominium to the SCA, we applied approximately $11.6 million of federal NOLs against taxable capital gains of approximately $18.5 million.  Since 2009 through December 31, 2022, we have utilized approximately $20.1 million of the federal NOLs.

Based on management’s assessment, it is more likely than not that the entire deferred tax assets will not be realized by future taxable income or tax planning strategies. Accordingly, a valuation allowance of $78.3 million was recorded as of December 31, 2022.

We believe that certain of the transactions that occurred in connection with our emergence from bankruptcy in September 2012, including the rights offering and the redemption of the Syms shares owned by the former majority shareholder of Syms in accordance with the Plan, resulted in us undergoing an “ownership change,” as that term is used in Section 382 of the Code. However, while the analysis is complex and subject to subjective determinations and uncertainties, we believe that we should qualify for treatment under Section 382(l)(5) of the Code. As a result, we believe that our NOLs are not subject to an annual limitation under Section 382. However, if we were to undergo a subsequent ownership change in the future, our ability to utilize our NOLs could be subject to limitation under Section 382. In addition, the TCJA limited the deductibility of NOLs arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 to 80 percent of taxable income (computed without regard to the net operating loss deduction) for the taxable year. However, the CARES Act suspended the 80% limitation on the use of NOLs for tax years beginning before January 1, 2021, and allowed losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2021 to be carried back up to five years.

Even if all of our regular U.S. federal income tax liability for a given year is reduced to zero by virtue of utilizing our NOLs, we may still be subject to state, local or other non-federal income taxes.

Our certificate of incorporation includes a provision intended to help preserve certain tax benefits primarily associated with our NOLs. This provision generally prohibits transfers of stock that would result in a person or group of persons becoming a 4.75% stockholder, or that would result in an increase or decrease in stock ownership by a person or group of persons that is an existing 4.75% stockholder.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that could affect the reported amounts in our consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates. A summary of our significant accounting policies is presented in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our consolidated financial statements. Set forth below is a summary of the accounting policies that management believes are critical to the preparation of the consolidated financial statements included in this report. Certain of the accounting policies used in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are particularly important for an understanding of the financial position and results of operations presented in the historical consolidated financial statements included in this report and require the application of significant judgment by management and, as a result, are subject to a degree of uncertainty.

Critical Accounting Policies

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77 Greenwich is a condominium development project which includes residential condominium units that are ready for sale.  Residential condominium units for sale as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 includes 77 Greenwich, and in all cases, excludes costs of development for the residential condominium units at 77 Greenwich that were sold.  The residential condominium units for sale are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value.  Management considers relevant cash flows relating to budgeted project costs and estimated costs to complete, estimated sales velocity, expected proceeds from the sales of completed condominium units, including any potential declines in market values, and other available information in assessing whether the 77 Greenwich development project is impaired.  Residential condominium units are evaluated for impairment based on the contracted and projected sales prices compared to the total estimated cost to construct. Any calculated impairments are recorded immediately in cost of sales.  No provision for impairment was recorded for our unsold residential condominium units at either December 31, 2022 or 2021, respectively.

considered all the aforementioned indicators of impairment for our real estate and residential condominium units for sale for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and no provision for impairment was recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021, respectively.

ASC 740-10-65 addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under ASC 740-10-65, we may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ASC 740-10-65 also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting in interim periods and increased other disclosures. As of both December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had determined that no liabilities are required in connection with unrecognized tax positions. As of December 31, 2022, our tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2018 through December 31, 2021 are subject to review by the Internal Revenue Service. Our state returns are open to examination for the years December 31, 2017 or 2018 through December 31, 2021, depending on the jurisdiction.

Revenues on sale of residential condominiums reflects the gross sales price from sales of residential condominium units which are recognized at the time of the closing of a sale, when title to and possession of the units are transferred to the buyer. Our performance obligation, to deliver the agreed-upon condominium, is generally satisfied in less than one year from the original contract date. Cash proceeds from unit closings held in escrow for our benefit are included in restricted cash in the consolidated balance sheets. Customer cash deposits on residential condominiums that are in contract are recorded as restricted cash and the related liability is recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheets. Our cost of sales consists of allocated expenses related to the initial acquisition, demolition, construction and development of the condominium complex, including associated building costs, development fees, as well as salaries, benefits, bonuses and share-based compensation expense, including other directly associated overhead costs, in addition to qualifying interest and financing costs.  See b. Residential Condominium Units for Sale above.

goods or services from non-employees. Under the provisions of ASC 718-10-35, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award on that date, and is expensed at the grant date (for the portion that vests immediately) or ratably over the related vesting periods.

Accounting Standards Updates

See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including information included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on or any supplement to this Annual Report, may include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, and information relating to us that are based on the beliefs of management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to management. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions that are not historical facts, and other statements identified by words such as “may,” “will,” “expects,” “believes,” “plans,” “estimates,” “potential,” or “continues,” or the negative thereof or other and similar expressions. In addition, in some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “trend,” “potential,” “opportunity,” “believe,” “comfortable,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “current,” “intention,” “estimate,” “position,” “assume,” “outlook,” “continue,” “remain,” “maintain,” “sustain,” “seek,” “achieve,” and similar expressions. Such statements reflect our current views with respect to future events, the outcome of which is subject to certain risks, including among others:

In evaluating such statements, you should specifically consider the risks identified under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, any of which could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results or outcomes may vary materially from those contemplated by any forward looking statements. Subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements in this paragraph and elsewhere described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and other reports filed with the SEC. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or, in the case of any documents incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the date of such document, in each case based on information available to us as of such date, and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

Item 7A.       QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the disclosure required by this Item.

Item 8.      FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

See Index to Financial Statements and Supplemental Data on page 37.

Item 9.      CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

Item 9A.       CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based closely on the definition of “disclosure controls and procedures” in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within the Company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in our periodic reports.

Our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on such evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that as of December 31, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level as a result of the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting discussed below.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management evaluated its internal controls over financial reporting and found them to not be effective.  Other than in connection with the material weakness described below, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the period from October 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Previously Reported Material Weakness in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

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A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be

prevented or detected on a timely basis. In connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements as of and for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, our management identified two material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting related to errors identified in connection with the accounting treatment regarding the overcapitalization of internally allocated construction related costs related to the development project at 77 Greenwich and a disclosure error in the classification on the balance sheets of our 77 Greenwich property which was classified as real estate under development in real estate and is now classified as residential condominium units for sale. There was also a restatement on the statement of cash flows from investing activities to operating activities related to this error. Our management communicated the results of its assessment to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. 

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As disclosed in Item 4. “Controls and Procedures” of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ending March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022, we previously identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to an error identified in connection with the classification of a property as real estate under development which was not subsequently reported as an operating property when circumstances at the property changed, resulting in the incorrect capitalization of certain costs.

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Management is in the process of remediating the material weakness and believes that the consolidated financial statements, and related notes thereto included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly present, in all material aspects, the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

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Remediation

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We have commenced measures to remediate the identified material weaknesses. We performed additional procedures to ensure the properties we own are properly classified as either an operating property or property under development, and that we are capitalizing the appropriate amount of internally allocated construction related costs related to the development project at 77 Greenwich Street.  Until the material weakness is remediated, we will continue to perform additional analysis and other post-closing procedures to ensure that our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The material weakness will not be considered remediated until management designs and implements effective controls that operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are effective.

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Item 9B.     OTHER INFORMATION

None.

Item 9C.     DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

None.

PART III

Item 10.     DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

We maintain a code of ethics applicable to our Principal Executive Officer and senior financial and professional personnel (including our Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer or controller and persons performing similar functions). Our code of ethics is posted on our website at www.tphs.com under “Financials”. In the event we have any amendments to or waivers from any provision of our code of ethics applicable to our Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, we intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K by posting such information on our website.

The other information required by this Item will be set forth in our definitive proxy statement relating to our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act (the “2023 Proxy Statement”), and is incorporated herein by reference. If such proxy statement is not filed on or before April 28,

2023, the information called for by this Item will be filed as part of an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K on or before such date.

Item 11.      EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item will be set forth in the 2023 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. If such proxy statement is not filed on or before April 28, 2023, the information called for by this Item will be filed as part of an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K on or before such date.

Item 12.     SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this Item will be set forth in the 2023 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. If such proxy statement is not filed on or before April 28, 2023, the information called for by this Item will be filed as part of an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K on or before such date.

Item 13.     CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item will be set forth in the 2023 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. If such proxy statement is not filed on or before April 28, 2023, the information called for by this Item will be filed as part of an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K on or before such date.

Item 14.     PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item will be set forth in the 2023 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. If such proxy statement is not filed on or before April 28, 2023, the information called for by this Item will be filed as part of an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K on or before such date.

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PART IV

Item 15.     EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

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(a)(1)Financial Statements filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

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(a)(3)Exhibits

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Trinity Place Holdings Inc.

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Stockholders and Board of Directors

Trinity Place Holdings Inc.

New York, New York

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Trinity Place Holdings Incorporated (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Going Concern Uncertainty

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has loans with varying debt maturities during the next 12 months for which there can be no guarantee that the Company will be able to refinance or extend the maturity dates of the loans. This condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans regarding this matter are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

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Impairment Assessment of Residential Condominium Units for Sale

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As of December 31, 2022, the Company recorded total residential condominium units for sale of approximately $203 million. Residential condominium units for sale are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value and evaluated for impairment based on the contracted and projected sales prices compared to the total estimated cost to construct. The Company tests the recoverability of the residential condominium units for sale whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate those amounts may not be recoverable. The Company identified impairment indicators and performed an impairment assessment on residential condominium units for sale.

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We identified the assessment of impairment of residential condominium units for sale as a critical audit matter due to the subjectivity and complexity of management’s judgments in the future cash flow projections, including expected sales proceeds from the sale of completed condominium units. Auditing management’s determination of the expected sales proceeds from the sale of completed condominium units used in the cash flow projections involved especially challenging auditor judgment due to the nature and extent of audit effort required to address these matters, including the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

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The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

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- Evaluating the reasonableness of management’s determination of the expected sales proceeds from the sale of completed condominium units.

- Using personnel with specialized skill and knowledge in valuation to assist in evaluating management’s determination of the expected sales proceeds from the sale of completed condominium units.

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/s/  i BDO USA, LLP

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 i New York, New York

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2003.

March 31, 2023

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TRINITY PLACE HOLDINGS INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value and share amounts)

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