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Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. – ‘10-K’ for 12/31/22

On:  Thursday, 3/9/23, at 1:41pm ET   ·   For:  12/31/22   ·   Accession #:  1553350-23-160   ·   File #:  0-54129

Previous ‘10-K’:  ‘10-K’ on 3/22/22 for 12/31/21   ·   Latest ‘10-K’:  This Filing   ·   11 References:   To:  Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. – ‘10-Q’ on 11/13/20 for 9/30/20 To:  Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. – ‘10-K’ on 3/30/20 for 12/31/19 To:  Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. – ‘10-K’ on 4/1/19 for 12/31/18 To:  Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. – ‘10-K’ on 3/5/18 for 12/31/17 To:  Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. – ‘10-K’ on 2/10/17 for 12/31/16 To:  Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 2/25/16 for 2/22/16 To:  Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 10/23/15 for 10/19/15 To:  Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. – ‘S-4/A’ on 7/2/15 To:  Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. – ‘S-4’ on 4/2/15 To:  Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. – ‘10-K’ on 3/5/15 for 12/31/14 To:  Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. – ‘10-12G’ on 9/23/10 

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  As Of               Filer                 Filing    For·On·As Docs:Size             Issuer                      Filing Agent

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

———————

FORM  i 10-K

———————

For the fiscal year ended:  i  i December 31, 2022 / 

OR

For the transition period from: _____________ to _____________

 i Evolutionary Genomics, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:  i (720)  i 900-8666

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, $.001 par value

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐    i No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐    i No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  i Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  i Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by checkmark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).   ☐ Yes   ☒  i No

The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of June 30, 2022 was $ i 3,137,627 based on the closing price on the last day of trading prior to June 30, 2022.

Shares outstanding as of March 1, 2023 were  i 6,655,232 shares of common stock, $.001 par value and 577,063 shares of Series A-1 preferred stock, par value $.001 and 189,337 shares of Series A-2 preferred stock, par value $.001. The Registrant’s common stock trades on the OTC Markets under the trading symbol “FNAM”.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: None

Evolutionary Genomics, Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information

This report includes “forward-looking statements” that are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements including continued compliance with government regulations, changing legislation or regulatory environments; any statements of expectation or belief and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. These risks, uncertainties and other factors, and the general risks associated with the businesses of the Company described in the reports and other documents filed with the SEC, could cause actual results to differ materially from those referred to in the forward-looking statements. The Company cautions readers not to rely on these forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to the Company and are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. The Company anticipates that subsequent events and developments may cause its views to change. The information contained in this report speaks as of the date hereof and the Company has or undertakes no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise unless required by law.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. (the "registrant" or "Company") was incorporated under the laws of the state of Minnesota in November 1990 under the name Fonahome Corporation. On March 24, 2009, the Company reincorporated in the state of Nevada and merged with its wholly-owned subsidiary, Fona, Inc., adopting the surviving company’s name, Fona, Inc. and simultaneously adopted the capital structure of Fona Inc., which includes total authorized capital stock of 800,000,000 shares, of which 780,000,000 are common stock and 20,000,000 are blank check preferred stock. The preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series with such designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, as shall be stated in the resolutions adopted by the Corporation’s Board providing for the issuance of such preferred stock or series thereof.

On June 6, 2014, Evolutionary Genomics, Inc., a Delaware corporation merged with Fona, Inc. treated as a reverse acquisition with Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. as the acquirer and Fona as the acquired party. Subsequent to the Merger, Fona, Inc. was renamed Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. and our subsidiary was renamed from Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. to EG Crop Science, Inc. On May 9, 2016, we formed ICAM Therapeutics, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) as a wholly owned subsidiary of Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. We have not incurred any transactions in this company nor have we established any business plan for the future.

The Company maintains headquarters at the office of its Chief Executive Officer. The Company maintains a website at www.evolgen.com. The Company is not required to deliver an annual report to security holders and at this time does not anticipate the distribution of such a report. The Company will file reports with the SEC.

On August 14, 2000, the Company was issued patent number 6274319, titled “Methods to identify evolutionarily significant changes in polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences in domestic plants and animals”. On June 1, 2004, the Company was issued patent number 6743580, titled “Methods for producing transgenic plants containing evolutionarily significant polynucleotides”. These patents are for the core Adapted Traits Platform that we use for the discovery of genes in humans, animals and commercial crops. The Company has applied the Adapted Traits Platform in research projects including identifying genes believed to be responsible for increases in yield in corn, increases in yield in rice, salt tolerance and sugar content in tomatoes and pest/disease resistance in soybeans, bananas and multiple other crops.

Advances in genetic research and modification of crop species have led to increased yield, drought tolerance and disease/pest resistance. In addition, mergers and consolidation within the industry has led to fewer competitors among the seed and production companies. The largest companies control much of the implementation of new plant varieties through patents and licensing agreements. Genetic traits providers, like Evolutionary Genomics, identify and develop genes that impact traits of interest to the industry and market those genes to these companies.

EG Technology – The Adapted Traits Platform (“ATP’)

Genomics research generates vast amounts of sequence data for thousands of genes. Some companies use this sequence data to try to predict the function of each gene and its potential to impact key traits. Others try to match the thousands of random deoxyribonucleic acid (“DNA”) changes between individuals with differences in traits. Evolutionary Genomics’ approach is to first narrow the search to genes that have undergone adaptive evolution (positively selected genes) in an organism that has an adapted trait of potential commercial value. To identify genes with impact on commercially desirable traits, Evolutionary Genomics screens first for positively selected genes. Evolutionary Genomics then focuses functional genomics efforts on demonstrating the effects of these genes on the desired traits.

Evolutionary Genomics uses the Adapted Traits Platform to perform high throughput molecular evolution analysis to identify positively selected genes based on Ka/Ks analysis (as defined below). Ka/Ks analysis was developed to document the role of positive selection on known protein coding genes. Molecular-level adaptive evolution is indicated when comparisons of homologous protein coding sequences from closely related species show that the number of amino acid differences fixed due to selection exceeds what can be expected by neutral evolution. Molecular-level positive selection can be detected in protein-coding genes by pairwise comparisons of the ratios of non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions per non-synonymous site (Ka) to synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ks). The algorithm, by comparing substitutions per site, takes into account, in rigorous fashion, the effect of bias and degeneracy in the genetic code, and also compensates for the effects of multiple hits at the same site. Ka/Ks ratios significantly greater than unity strongly suggest that positive selection has fixed greater numbers of amino acid replacements than can be expected as a result of chance alone.

Dr. Walter Messier, a Company founder and our Chief Science Officer, published a seminal paper in the field: Messier and Stewart (1997) “Episodic adaptive evolution of primate lysozymes” Nature 385:151-154. The work described in this publication demonstrated that a known lysozyme gene that had been recruited for a new function to aid in digestion of leaves as a food source in certain monkeys had the kind of adaptive genetic changes indicating that the lysozyme gene had evolved more rapidly than the neutral substitution rate, indicating Darwinian positive selection. Many groups have used such methods to document Darwinian positive selection in other proteins. It was Dr. Messier’s insight that genes controlling a trait of interest could be identified by using molecular evolution analysis as a screen, comparing genes in a species with a trait to genes of a closely related species lacking the trait. The adapted genes found in such a screen could then be validated to determine their role in the presence or absence of the trait of interest.

Business Model

Evolutionary Genomics’ primary source of revenue through March 31, 2020 had been contract services revenue for research performed by Evolutionary Genomics on behalf of other commercial entities and grant income received from governmental agencies, industry associations and grant making foundations for research performed. Ownership of the intellectual property in these projects varies from Evolutionary Genomics retaining all intellectual property rights to retaining none of the developed intellectual property for the crop that is the subject of the project. In addition to contract services revenue for research, Evolutionary Genomics intends to continue to pursue grant funding from governmental agencies, industry associations and grant making foundations. These sources of funding are often subject to limitations in available funds, funding priorities in areas other than our area of focus, political uncertainties, long approval processes and competition with other research proposals.

The single most valuable step in the process of crop improvement is the identification of the key genes among the 30,000 or more in the genome that have the desired impact. The Company has identified pest/disease resistance genes in bananas, soybeans and other commercially valuable crops. If validation testing of these genes is successful, we will market them to the industry. This strategy requires Evolutionary Genomics to incur significant research costs prior to any confirmation of commercial viability and there can be no guarantee that the desired results can be achieved or that commercialization can be reached.

The goal of the grant funded research projects was to discover genetic intellectual properties with commercial value. Evolutionary Genomics’ soybean pest resistance project is a multiple year illustration of the evolution of a project from concept through marketing to seed companies. The project has yielded identified genes for pest resistance in soybeans with partial validation complete. Evolutionary Genomics has partially completed two generation, whole plant validation testing but has decided to postpone further testing indefinitely to focus resources on our banana project. The Company has extended this soybean pest resistance research to other crops including beans, tomatoes, cotton and maize and has identified candidate genes. Further research on these crops is dependent on revenue from our banana project or additional capital funding. If we are able to complete additional validation testing, we intend to market these genes to the seed industry.

Our banana pest resistance project is another project illustration. We identified a gene (FusR1) in bananas that appears to confer resistance to Fusarium Fungus which leads to Panama Disease. We marketed the gene to banana companies and, in August 2020, executed a Development and Commercialization Agreement (“DCA”) with Dole Food Company (“Dole”) which includes development work funded by Dole and the framework for a long-term licensing relationship. While Dole is supplying significant funding for the development of this banana gene in the form of promissory notes, there can be no assurance that this development work will lead to licensing revenue as there are many risks involved in genetic trait development.

Licensing revenue can be lump sum payments, milestone payments upon achievement of defined goals and/or percentages of revenue for products sold by licensee. These payments are often many years after completion of gene identification project as licensees engage in significant additional testing including field trials prior to integration into licensee commercial germplasm lines. There can be no guarantee that these licensing agreements will result in any additional revenue for Evolutionary Genomics as further development of licensed intellectual property is mostly controlled by the licensee.

Evolutionary Genomics’ Banana Project

During the 1950s the global banana industry was devastated by a disease (caused by Fusarium fungus) that effectively wiped out the predominate variety of commercial bananas know as Gros Michel leading to the development of the Cavendish banana, which makes up well over 90% of the commercial banana market today. Cavendish was resistant to the strain of Fusarium that wiped out the Gros Michel variety but, in recent years, is being challenged by a new race of Fusarium that threatens to, once again, devastate the global banana industry. The recent emergence of TR4 Panama Disease in the Western Hemisphere makes a swift solution to the crisis even more urgent. A substantial part of the banana market consists of exports from Central and South America to the United States.

In 2018, the Company began a project to identify genes in wild banana relatives that are resistant to Fusarium. We have previously used our technology to identify genes in common beans and, in our project for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in common beans, proved that these genes provided increased resistance to Fusarium fungus. We used our platform to isolate a banana gene that controls Fusarium Wilt (FW), aka Panama Disease, Tropical Race 4. The gene, which we have named FusR1 (Fusarium Resistance 1), is a native gene in Musa species, including cultivated bananas. We have found that, for all FW-resistant banana cultivars/species that we have tested, one version of our gene exists while, in all FW-sensitive banana cultivars/species that we have tested, there is a different version of FusR1. And notably, a third version exists in semi-resistant varieties that has allowed us to identify the particular nucleotide changes that are crucial for resistance to Fusarium Wilt.

We have successfully introduced FusR1 into cultivated bananas using a gene transformation approach in a project at the University of Wisconsin – Madison. Of the transformed events that were produced in the transformation stage, roughly half survived to the testable stage and we have been testing those events for Fusarium resistance over the last several months. Through the date of this report roughly half of those testable events remain untested, one-quarter were discarded as being susceptible and one-quarter have shown some resistance to Fusarium. We expect to receive additional test results over the next three months that may eliminate some of the events that have shown promise and/or may reveal additional events with promise.

The testing to date has included one to six plants per event which is not enough to advance to commercial production. We have begun replication of the promising events for field trials which will likely take 2-1/2 to 3 years to complete. In addition to testing for Fusarium resistance, plants will be observed for any changes in other traits such as fruit yield or taste. Many others are working on potential genetic and/or traditional breeding solutions. There can be no assurance that any of these events will result in plants that can be advanced for commercial production or that we can be competitive with solutions provided by others.

We believe that, given the threat of possible extinction for Cavendish, rapid approaches are not only warranted but essential and minimally genetically edited bananas will be accepted depending upon how the gene transfer is accomplished. Transfer of this native banana gene to cultivated bananas can also be accomplished with CRISPR technology, which allows a targeted, gene transfer and which, as compared to more traditional genetic editing techniques, minimizes potential side effects. We believe that Cavendish bananas can be rendered Fusarium Wilt resistant by changing only a few base pairs. These sorts of minimal changes have been allowed by the USDA and FDA in several crops. Even in Europe, use of CRISPR technology has gained some traction. To date, we have not used the CRISPR approach to produce resistant plants.

On June 26, 2019, we filed a United States patent application titled IDENTIFICATION AND RESISTANCE GENES FROM WILD RELATIVES OF BANANA AND THEIR USES IN CONTROLLING PANAMA DISEASE. We are awaiting review of these patents by the United States Patent Office. During 2021 and 2022, we filed patents in Europe, Africa, South and Central America, Australia and Asia and are awaiting review of those as well.

On August 19, 2020, the Company entered into a Development and Commercialization Agreement (“DCA”) with Dole Food Company for the development of plant varieties within the Musa genus of the Musaceae family (including the Cavendish variety of banana) that exhibit resistance to Fusarium Wilt Tropical Race 4 (popularly known as Panama Disease). Subject to compliance with various provisions of the agreement, the agreement includes partial working capital funding from Dole to the Company through 2024. In addition to working capital funding, Dole reimburses the Company for the development of banana plants and Dole will incur additional costs for the commercialization of plants upon successful completion of the development portion of this project. From the effective date of the agreement, the Company has received $1,600,000 of working capital funding and $1,943,747 of development costs pursuant to this agreement in the form of promissory notes. Per the Agreement, 50% of future royalties may be offset with the research funding provided by Dole. In the event that Dole terminates the agreement for material breach by the Company or the Company’s bankruptcy, the Company must repay all funding provided by Dole within six months of termination. The parties have agreed to negotiate the terms of the long-term license agreement upon successful completion of the development portion of this project.

Upon successful completion of validation testing and field trials by Dole, under the terms of the agreement with Dole, we expect to negotiate a long-term royalty contract for the commercialization of banana plants using our genes. This licensing arrangement will likely be exclusively with Dole and contain royalty payments based on the number of plants and/or hectares of plants. Even if EG’s genes are proven to be effective, it is difficult to predict the future revenue stream that any licensing arrangement can generate and will be heavily dependent upon the speed with which Panama Disease spreads throughout the world necessitating a solution and any changes in the price of bananas based on supply and demand. Many articles are available in the public realm detailing the significance of the disease and the spread throughout the world.

Since bananas are seedless, they are propagated by clones which allows for very rapid production of plants. An initial batch of 100 successful plants can generate a secondary propagation of over 15,000 plants in one year (enough for 10 hectares) and 15 million in the next generation. There are over 400,000 hectares of banana production in Latin America from Mexico to Peru. Adoption of the new variety will be dependent upon its effectiveness and the infection rate of Panama disease.

There are many risks associated with achieving these desired results including but not limited to:

While Panama Disease 1) is potentially existential to the banana industry, 2) has no known treatment and 3) is not yet widespread, Black Sigatoka Disease is a different disease that is very wide-spread and is treated with toxins at a cost of up to $2,300 per hectare per year. We spent the last two years researching wild banana plants to identify a gene that could potentially be used to develop plants that are resistant to Black Sigatoka with no or reduced use of toxins. We are in the early stages of developing this gene and others are working on competing approaches. There is no guarantee that this will lead to commercial success. Like our FusR1 project, transformation and validation can be very expensive and, if we do not receive licensing revenue from our FusR1 gene, we will need funding from either grants or potential customers or additional capital from investors, none of which can be assured.

Evolutionary Genomics’ Soybean Project

On April 29, 2014, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued patent 8,710,300 titled EXPRESSION OF DIRIGENT GENE EG261 AND ITS ORTHOLOGS AND PARALOGS ENHANCES PATHOGEN RESISTANCE IN PLANTS. On December 5, 2017 and March 3, 2020, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued additional patents which extended the previous patent to include additional variations of the gene. We have filed additional patents in multiple countries that are at various stages of processing. On January 18, 2022, the Company filed a patent application on its second soybean pest/disease resistance gene, EG19, and has included that gene in its ongoing two generation, whole plant validation research. The Company has also discovered additional candidate genes that may impact pathogen resistance. There can be no assurance that any of these genes will be proven effective in validation testing or lead to licensing agreements or revenue.

We entered into a Service Agreement with the Wisconsin Crop Innovation Center (“WCIC”) under which they have transformed soybeans using our genes and helped to establish the right combinations to achieve a range of expression. WCIC grew events from seven constructs of EG261 and EG19 in their greenhouses. The testing of these T2 generation seedlings at the University of Missouri is partially complete but we have indefinitely suspended work on these genes to focus our resources on our banana projects. If we resume these projects and results from the whole plant validation trials confirm the findings of the University of Wisconsin-Madison for EG261 and the effectiveness of the new gene, EG19, the Company intends to enter negotiations for a long-term research collaboration and licensing agreement with seed companies. The testing phase includes field trials which may proceed for several years prior to generating licensing revenue. There are many risks in this process including some that are outside of Evolutionary Genomics’ control and there can be no guarantee that we will ever generate any revenue from these potential agreements.

Competition

Evolutionary Genomics’ competition is very broad from the largest seed companies and producing companies to the smallest grower who is successful in breeding new, improved varieties. These same competitors are also Evolutionary Genomics customers as we seek to license intellectual property for commercialization into their production lines. Many of these companies are exponentially larger with many more resources at their disposal and there can be no assurance that EG can continue to compete with them or interest them in licensing our intellectual property.

Patents

Evolutionary Genomics is the owner of the following issued patents:

Material Agreements

Effective March 1, 2012, Evolutionary Genomics entered into an Agreement for Contract Services with Smith Bucklin Corporation (the “Contractor”) on behalf of the United Soybean Board. The contract includes the payment of certain royalties, as defined in the Agreement. Evolutionary Genomics retains all ownership of patents and intellectual property developed in the project and is obligated to pay royalties to the United Soybean Board of ten percent of the sale of products derived from the soybean genes that were the subject of the research performed or from royalties received from the sale of products by a third party not to exceed 150% of the total amount paid to Evolutionary Genomics under this Agreement. Evolutionary Genomics recognized revenue of $262,400 from this contract, thus limiting any future royalties to a total of $393,600. The project term has expired but the royalty provisions remain in perpetuity.

On February 21, 2015 the Company entered into the Sponsored Research Contract with The Curators of the University of Missouri for phenotyping of transgenic soybean samples on a per unit basis. We expect to continue this contract and will likely have additional amounts payable but the amount is indeterminable. Evolutionary Genomics retains sole ownership of all patents and intellectual property, royalty free for all materials (including previously identified genes) related to this project.

On August 19, 2020, the Company entered into the DCA with Dole for the development of our banana genes. The DCA provides for payments from Dole to the Company of $800,000 upon execution, $800,000 by the twelve-month anniversary, $250,000 by the thirty-six month anniversary and $250,000 by the forty-eight month anniversary. Dole will also reimburse the Company for costs incurred at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (“UW”) not to exceed $2,200,000 in coordination with the Standard Research Agreement that the Company entered into with UW on September 18, 2020 which includes payments from the Company to UW in the amount of $2,159,719 over the two-year expected term of the project. If the UW research is successful, Dole expects to incur costs of $750,000 to perform field trials.

The DCA also specifies that the Company will execute notes payable to Dole for the funding that Dole is providing up to $5,050,000. Through December 31, 2021, the Company executed notes for $800,000, $800,000, $1,295,831 and $647,916 under this DCA and recorded them as a long-term notes payable for financial statement purposes. There were no new notes in the year ended December 31, 2022. The notes are non-interest bearing and allow Dole to offset fifty percent of future royalty payments to the Company by reducing the amount of principal due on these notes. Other than this offset of future royalty payments, repayment of principal and interest is only required in the case of termination of the DCA by Dole for cause.

On September 18, 2020, the Company entered into a Standard Research Agreement with WCIC for the development of our banana genes. The agreement includes payments from the Company in the amount of $2,159,719 over the two-year expected term of the project. These costs will be reimbursed, in the form of notes payable by Dole in accordance with our DCA.

The Company entered into a Service Agreement with WCIC for the maintenance and shipment of banana plants which includes unit pricing for services rendered and is expected to be completed by March 31, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2022, $59,330 of cost was incurred under this contract and was reimbursed by Dole.

On April 18, 2022, the Company entered into a Service Agreement with the University of Wisconsin-Madison for the testing of banana plants which includes payments of $143,124 of which $128,811 were paid in the year ended December 31, 2022 and reimbursed by Dole.

Trademarks

Evolutionary Genomics has no registered trademarks.

Employees

Evolutionary Genomics had two full time employees and two part time employees as of December 31, 2022.

Facilities

The Company leases its operating facility on a month-to-month basis, with monthly rental installments of $2,378. Renewals are by mutual agreement.

Legal Proceedings

Evolutionary Genomics is not currently involved in or aware of any threatened or actual legal proceedings.

Capitalization

The Company is authorized to issue up to 780,000,000 shares of Common Stock and up to 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 6,655,232 shares of Common Stock outstanding, 577,063 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock (“Series A-1”) outstanding and 189,337 shares of Series A-2 Preferred Stock (“Series A-2”) outstanding. Both Series A-1 and Series A-2 are convertible into shares of Common Stock on a one share for one share basis. 1,400,000 shares of common stock have been reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company’s 2015 Stock Incentive Plan. Option grants have been issued for 340,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.55 per share, 133,333 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.83 per share, 490,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share, 150,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.65 per share, 180,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share, 100,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.30 per share and 100,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.50 per share. Options for 306,667 shares have been exercised, 158,333 have been cancelled and option grants of 1,028,333 shares remain outstanding as of December 31, 2022.

Liquidation: Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of the Series A-1 and Series A-2 shall be entitled to receive out of the assets of the Company for each share of Series A-1 and Series A-2 an amount equal to its stated value, $5.25 per share plus any accrued but unpaid dividends before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of any other class or series of stock of the Company that ranks junior to the Series A-1 and Series A-2. The holders shall be entitled to convert their shares of Series A-1 and Series A-2 into Common Stock at any time prior to the consummation of a Liquidation.

The Corporation is required to establish a segregated non-interest bearing trust account (the “Sinking Fund Account”) for the benefit of the Holders. 50% of all licensing fees received by the Corporation shall be deposited in the Sinking Fund Account within five (5) Business Days of receipt of any such fees by the Corporation. In the event that the amount of cash in the Sinking Fund Account exceeds the liquidation preference of all issued and outstanding shares of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Preferred Stock not previously redeemed or converted pursuant to the terms hereof, the Corporation shall deliver a notice to the Holders (the “Mandatory Redemption Notice” and the date such notice is deemed delivered hereunder, the “Mandatory Redemption Notice Date”) of its obligation to redeem all of the then outstanding shares of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Preferred Stock (i) for cash in an amount equal to the liquidation preference per share and (ii) by issuing such number of fully paid and nonassessable whole shares of Common Stock as is obtained by multiplying (x) the number of shares of Series A-1 and Series A-2 Preferred Stock so to be redeemed by (y) the liquidation preference per share of the Series A-1 and Series A-2 Preferred Stock, and then by dividing such product by (z) the conversion price per share, payable and issuable, respectively, in full on the 5th Trading Day following the Mandatory Redemption Notice Date. This is considered a contingent redemption feature.

Conversion: The holders of Series A-1 and Series A-2 may convert their shares at any time into shares of Common Stock at any time prior to the consummation of a liquidation, at the option of the holder, on a one-share-for-one-share basis and shall be subject to certain adjustments.

Optional Redemption; Sinking Fund Account: The Company may elect to redeem some or all of the then outstanding shares of Series A-1 and Series A-2, (i) for cash in an amount equal to the liquidation preference per share, $5.25 per share as of December 31, 2022, subject to adjustment and (ii) by issuing one share, subject to adjustment, of Common Stock for each share of Series A-1 and Series A-2 outstanding being redeemed. 50% of all licensing fees received by the Company will be deposited into a separate sinking fund for use in an optional redemption. As of December 31, 2022, no licensing revenue has been received under these provisions and no sinking fund account has been established.

Dividends: The Company shall pay to the holders of the Series A-1 and Series A-2 dividends at the rate of 8% per annum multiplied by the amount invested. The dividend amount shall accrue and shall be payable in shares of Common Stock upon the conversion of the Series A-1 and Series A-2, or upon the redemption of the Series A-1 and Series A-2. No dividends shall be paid on any Common Stock of the Company or any capital stock of the Company that ranks junior to the Series A-1 and Series A-2 until dividends of Series A-1 and Series A-2 has been paid. As of December 31, 2022, there were $1,835,089 in accrued preferred stock dividends.

Voting: The holders of the Series A-1 and Series A-2 are entitled to vote on all matters submitted to the stockholders for a vote on an as-if-converted to Common Stock basis, with all stockholders voting as a single class.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

We may require substantial additional funding and may be unable to raise capital when needed, which could force us to delay, reduce or eliminate planned activities or result in our inability to continue as a going concern.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $577,066 in operating cash and expects that operating cash flow net of contractual reimbursements and notes payable funding from Dole for the year ending December 31, 2023 will be approximately $546,000. Management believes that there may not be enough cash to pay our expenses for one year beyond the date of this report. Marketing of additional genes may lead to additional revenue and we have some flexibility to reduce operating costs but we may require additional capital. These factors create substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

Our future capital requirements will depend on, and could increase significantly as a result of, many factors, including:

We may attempt to raise additional funds through public or private financings, collaborations with other companies or financing from other sources. Additional funding may not be available on terms which are acceptable to us or at all. If adequate funding is not available to us on reasonable terms, we may need to delay, reduce or eliminate one or more of our research and development projects or obtain funds on terms less favorable than we would otherwise accept. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of equity securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable for equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. Moreover, the incurrence of debt financing could result in a substantial portion of our future operating cash flow, if any, being dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on such indebtedness and could impose restrictions on our operations. This could render us more vulnerable to competitive pressures and economic downturns.

In addition, if we do not meet our payment obligations to third parties as they come due, we may be subject to litigation claims. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and may result in unfavorable results that could further adversely impact our financial condition.

We have relied on the availability of grant funding to fund some of our research efforts and our inability to compete successfully for these limited grant funding opportunities may significantly affect our results of operations and our ability to complete research projects.

We have traditionally funded many of our research projects, partially or wholly, using grant funding provided by government programs, industry associations and grant making institutions. The availability of these funds is impacted by many factors including changing political priorities, fiscal budget issues, agency priorities, availability of funds and competition from other grant seekers. Our ability to present proposals that fit within grant making guidelines and which are attractive relative to other proposals submitted may significantly impact our ability to fund our research projects.

Efforts to protect our intellectual property rights and to defend claims against us can increase our costs and will not always succeed; any failures could adversely affect profitability or restrict our ability to do business.

Intellectual property rights are crucial to our business. We endeavor to obtain and protect our intellectual property rights in jurisdictions in which products are produced from the biotechnology that we produce and in jurisdictions into which those products are imported. Different nations may provide limited rights and inconsistent duration of protection for our intellectual property. We may be unable to obtain protection for our intellectual property in key jurisdictions. Even if protection is obtained, competitors, farmers or others may raise legal challenges to our rights or illegally infringe on our rights, including through means that may be difficult to prevent or detect. In addition, because of the rapid pace of technological change, and the confidentiality of patent applications in some jurisdictions, competitors may be issued patents from applications that were unknown to us prior to issuance. These patents could reduce the value of our commercial or pipeline biotechnology or, to the extent they cover key technologies on which we have unknowingly relied, require that we seek to obtain licenses or cease using the technology, no matter how valuable to our business. We cannot assure we would be able to obtain such a license on acceptable terms. In addition, patent laws are subject to change and any change in our ability to protect the intellectual property that we develop may impact our ability to commercialize that intellectual property. The extent to which we succeed or fail in our efforts to protect our intellectual property will affect our costs, sales and other results of operations.

Genes that we have discovered and may discover in the future with expected desirable impact on traits may, upon further research and field trials, be revealed to also have undesirable impact on traits.

Evolutionary Genomics’ gene discovery process focuses on the identification of positively selected genes that impact the trait of interest that we are working on. When we further test them in lab validation, we are again focused on whether they have the desired impact on the trait of interest and we are specifically testing for that outcome. Laboratory experiments are under more ideal circumstances than field trials and use in production and there can be no guarantee that the lab result will be repeated under those conditions. Additional field trials and use in production may also reveal undesirable impacts on other traits that were not a focused part of our research. For example, the soybean or banana genes that we have discovered may be found to have a negative impact on yield. These may impact our ability to realize revenue from the commercialization of our biotechnology and may expose us to liability for undesirable outcomes that we don’t anticipate.

Undesirable results from our ongoing research may result in expensing of our acquired research in progress.

We currently carry $4,016,596 (gross) of acquired research in progress on our balance sheet as an intangible asset subject to amortization. Upon executing our DCA with Dole, we began amortization of this asset in the year ended December 31, 2020. If this project produces undesirable results, we may need to expense the intangible asset.

Others may find additional genes or other methods of accomplishing the same desired outcome that our biotechnology does, rendering our biotechnology less valuable or commercializable.

There are many other companies pursuing similar gene discovery programs and other approaches to solving the same issues that we are addressing and many of these companies have vastly more resources than we do. Even when we identify genes that impact desired traits, there may be other genes that have a similar or greater effect on these traits. For example, one or more of the other genes in soybeans and bananas may have an impact on pest/disease resistance similar to our genes or there may be other orthologs of the genes that we have discovered in other varieties that have a greater impact. In addition, other companies may develop commercial chemicals that compete with genetic changes to solve the issues that we are addressing. Any of these may impact our ability to realize revenue from the commercialization of our biotechnology.

The successful development of our research efforts and commercialization of our biotechnology will be necessary for our growth and profitability.

We intend to use recent successes in which we have identified genes that may have an impact on pest/disease resistance in soybeans and bananas and look for similar genes in other crops. This research may result in significant costs incurred without any commercial value produced. We also intend to attempt to improve the potential pest/disease resistance genes we have identified. Even if we find effective genes, we may not be able to find a commercial market for them. There can be no assurance we will be able to achieve any improvement and performing this research may also result in significant costs incurred without any commercial value produced. The processes of breeding, biotechnology trait discovery and development and trait integration are lengthy and a very small percentage of the genes identified in research are selected for commercialization. The length of time and the risk associated with the breeding and biotech pipelines are interlinked because both are required as a package for commercial success in markets where biotech traits are approved for growers. Commercial success frequently depends on being the first company to the market, and many of our competitors are also making considerable investments in similar new biotechnology. Consequently, if we are not able to fund extensive research and development activities and deliver new products to the markets we serve on a timely basis, our growth and operations will be harmed including, but not limited to, the possible impairment of our intangible assets.

We rely heavily on our founder, Walter Messier, our current Chief Science Officer. The loss of his services would have a material adverse effect upon us and our business and prospects.

Our success depends, to a significant extent, upon the continued services of Walter Messier, who is a founder of Evolutionary Genomics and our current Chief Science Officer. Since inception, we have been dependent upon Dr. Messier, who is the inventor on most of our patents and responsible for the development of our core Adapted Traits Platform. If Dr. Messier or any key management personnel resign to join a competitor or form a competing company, the loss of such personnel, together with the loss of any customers or potential customers due to such executive’s departure, could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We are dependent on a technically trained workforce and an inability to retain or effectively recruit such employees could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to compete effectively depends largely on our ability to attract and retain certain key personnel, including additional researchers that we intend to hire in order to pursue our planned research projects. Industry demand for such skilled employees, however, exceeds the number of personnel available, and the competition for attracting and retaining these employees is intense. Because of this intense competition for skilled employees, we may be unable to retain our existing personnel or attract additional qualified employees to keep up with future business needs. If this should happen, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

In addition, we intend to hire business development and marketing personnel and advisors to promote and market the biotechnology that we develop. We cannot assure you that we will be able to recruit and retain qualified personnel and advisors to perform these functions. Our inability to hire and then retain such personnel, advisors and scientists could have a materially adverse effect on our business and our projects.

We may not obtain the necessary permits and authorizations to operate our business.

We may not be able to obtain or maintain the necessary licenses, permits, authorizations or accreditations, or may only be able to do so at great cost. In addition, we may not be able to comply fully with the wide variety of laws and regulations applicable to the agricultural industry. Failure to comply with or to obtain the necessary licenses, permits, authorizations or accreditations could result in restrictions on our ability to operate our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Competition in agricultural biotechnology has significantly affected and will continue to affect our revenue and results of operations.

Many companies engage in research and development of plant biotechnology and breeding and speed in getting a new product to market can be a significant competitive advantage. Our competitors’ success could render the biotechnology that we identify as less competitive, resulting in reduced sales compared to our expectations or past results. We expect to see increasing competition from agricultural biotechnology firms and from major agrichemical, seed and food companies. The extent to which we can realize cash and profit from our business will depend on our ability to control research costs, predict and respond effectively to competitor products and marketing; and develop new products and services attractive to our customers.

Our customers are subject to extensive regulation affecting their use of our biotechnology, which may affect our revenue and profitability.

Regulatory and legislative requirements affect the development and distribution of products made from the biotechnology that we produce, including the testing and planting of seeds containing our biotechnology traits and the import of crops grown from those seeds, and non-compliance can harm our revenue and profitability. Obtaining testing, planting and import approvals for seeds or biotechnology traits can be time-consuming and costly, with no guarantee of success. The failure to receive necessary permits or approvals could have near- and long-term effects on our ability to sell some current and future biotechnology. Concern about unintended but unavoidable trace amounts (sometimes called “adventitious presence”) of commercial biotechnology traits in conventional (non-biotechnology) seed, or in the grain or products produced from conventional or organic crops, among other things, could lead to increased regulation or legislation, which may include: liability transfer mechanisms that may include financial protection insurance; possible restrictions or moratoria on testing, planting or use of biotechnology traits; and requirements for labeling and traceability, which requirements may cause food processors and food companies to avoid biotechnology and select non-biotechnology crop sources and can affect farmer seed purchase decisions and, ultimately the sale and use of the biotechnology that we produce. Legislation encouraging or discouraging the planting of specific crops can also harm our sales.

The degree of public acceptance or perceived public acceptance of products made from our biotechnology can affect our sales and results of operations by affecting planting approvals, regulatory requirements and farmer purchase decisions.

Some opponents of the use of biotechnology in agriculture raise public concern about the potential for adverse effects of products produced using genetic information that we provide to our customers on human or animal health, other plants and the environment. The potential for adventitious presence of commercial biotechnology traits in conventional seed, or in the grain or products produced from conventional or organic crops, is another factor that can affect general public acceptance of these traits. Public concern can affect the timing of, and whether our customers are able to obtain, government approvals. Even after approvals are granted, public concern may lead to increased regulation or legislation or litigation concerning prior regulatory approvals, which could affect our sales and results of operations by affecting planting approvals and may adversely affect sales of our customers’ products to farmers, due to their concerns about available markets for the sale of crops or other products derived from biotechnology which may lead to less demand from our customers. In addition, opponents of agricultural biotechnology have attacked farmers’ fields and facilities used by agricultural biotechnology companies and may launch future attacks against farmers’ fields and our field testing sites and research, production, or other facilities, which could affect our sales and our costs.

We are dependent upon other companies to integrate biotechnology that we have licensed to them into their breeding operations for our future license revenue.

We perform research for other entities under grant and research agreements that provide service revenue. In addition to the service revenue, our long-term profitability depends on the commercialization of the biotechnology that we provide to other companies for their commercial breeding lines. The extent to which our biotechnology is integrated into these breeding lines is largely outside of our control and can take many years. If our biotechnology is not integrated into breeding lines, we may not realize license revenue which may affect our results of operations.

The biotechnology industry is subject to rapid technological change, and if we fail to keep up with such change, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted.

Biotechnology has undergone and is subject to rapid and significant change. We expect that the technologies associated with biotechnology research and development will continue to develop rapidly. Our failure to keep pace with such rapid change could result in our products becoming obsolete and we may be unable to recoup any expenses incurred with developing such products, which may adversely affect our future revenues and financial condition.

The Company may be required to expend substantial sums in order to bring it into compliance with the various reporting requirements applicable to public companies and/or to prepare required financial statements, and such efforts may harm operating results or be unsuccessful altogether.

We are subject to many of the requirements applicable to public companies, including Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires that the Company evaluate and report on its system of internal controls. If the Company’s finance and accounting staff or internal controls over financial reporting are inadequate, it may be required to hire additional staff and incur substantial legal and accounting costs to address such inadequacies. Moreover, the Company cannot be certain that its remedial measures to correct current material weaknesses will be effective. Any failure to implement required or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm the Company’s operating results or increase its risk of material weaknesses in internal controls.

Members of our management team have significant influence over us.

Our officers and directors own, directly or indirectly approximately 29.3% of the outstanding shares of common and preferred stock, excluding options. Including options and warrants, our officers and directors own, directly or indirectly, approximately 36.4% of the outstanding shares of common stock. These stockholders, therefore, have a controlling influence in determining the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including Mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors, and other significant corporate actions. The interests of these stockholders may differ from the interests of our other stockholders.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Nevada law may have anti-takeover effects that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control, which may cause our stock price to decline.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if closing such a transaction would be beneficial to our stockholders. We are authorized to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock. This preferred stock may be issued in one or more series, the terms of which may be determined at the time of issuance by our board of directors without further action by stockholders. The terms of any series of preferred stock may include voting rights (including the right to vote as a series on particular matters), preferences as to dividend, liquidation, conversion and redemption rights and sinking fund provisions. We currently have 577,063 shares of Series A-1 preferred stock issued and outstanding and 189,337 shares of Series A-2 preferred stock issued and outstanding. The issuance of any preferred stock could materially adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock and existing holders of preferred stock, and therefore, reduce the value of those securities. In particular, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell our assets to, a third party and thereby preserve control by the present management.

Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and law also could have the effect of discouraging potential acquisition proposals or making a tender offer or delaying or preventing a change in control, including changes a stockholder might consider favorable. Such provisions may also prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our management. In particular, the certificate of incorporation and bylaws and law, as applicable, among other things:

These provisions may delay or prevent someone from acquiring or merging with us, which may cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

We do not foresee paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future and, as a result, our investors’ sole source of gain, if any, will depend on capital appreciation, if any.

We do not plan to declare or pay any cash dividends on our shares of common stock in the foreseeable future and currently intend to retain any future earnings for funding growth. As a result, investors should not rely on an investment in our securities if they require the investment to produce dividend income. Capital appreciation, if any after payments due to preferred shareholders, of our shares may be investors’ sole source of gain for the foreseeable future. Moreover, investors may not be able to resell their shares of our common stock at or above the price they paid for them.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carry-forwards and certain other tax attributes is limited by Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code.

Subject to certain limitations, a corporation may offset a net operating loss carryforward against profit earned in a future year to determine its U.S. federal income tax expenses for such year. Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 limit a corporation’s ability to utilize its net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes (including research credits) to offset future federal taxable income or tax if, in general, the corporation experiences a cumulative ownership change of more than 50% over any rolling three-year period. State net operating loss carryforwards (and certain other tax attributes) may be similarly limited. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded no state tax liability. An ownership change can therefore result in significantly greater tax liabilities than a corporation would incur in the absence of such a change and any increased liabilities could adversely affect the corporation’s business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

As of December 31, 2022, we had available total federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $11,965,000 plus additional net operating losses generated in the year ending December 31, 2022. These NOL’s expire at various intervals through the year 2037 except for the NOL’s for the years ending after December 31, 2017 which have no expiration date.

Additional ownership changes may occur in the future as a result of additional equity offerings or events over which we will have little or no control, including purchases and sales of our equity by our five-percent security holders, the emergence of new five-percent security holders, redemptions of our securities or certain changes in the ownership of any of our five percent security holders.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by securities and industry analysts. If no securities or industry analysts commence coverage of our company, the trading price for our stock would be negatively impacted. If we obtain securities or industry analyst coverage and if one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our stock, or publishes unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which could cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

The Company has no owned properties and at this time has no agreements to acquire any properties. The Company currently maintains a rent-free mailing address at 4220 Morning Star Drive, Castle Rock, CO 80108, which is the address of the office of its Chief Executive Officer and lab facilities on lease at 1801 Sunset Place, Unit C, Longmont CO 80501. The Company leases its operating facility on a month-to-month basis, with monthly rental installments of $2,378.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is not a party to any pending legal proceedings, and no such proceedings are known to be contemplated.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

There is only a very limited market for the Company's securities. The Company’s securities are included on the OTCQB under the symbol FNAM. As of December 31, 2022, there were outstanding options for 1,028,333 shares of common stock.

As of March 1, 2023, there were approximately 324 holders of the Company's common stock.

No cash dividends have been paid by the Company on any of its securities since the renewal of its charter and such cash dividends are not contemplated in the foreseeable future.

ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

Not Applicable.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Audited Financial Statements and related notes included elsewhere in this 10-K. The following discussion includes certain forward-looking statements. For a discussion of important factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from the results referred to in the forward-looking statements, see “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”.

Recent Highlights of Evolutionary Genomics

Consolidated Results of Operations:

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses decreased $863,641, or 30.0%, to $2,014,302 for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $2,877,943 for the year ended December 31, 2021. Operating expenses consist of research and development expense, salaries and benefits and general and administrative expense. Changes in these items are described below.

Research and Development

Research and development decreased $816,765, or 66.2%, to $417,450 for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $1,234,215 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to decreased costs incurred on our research agreement with UW for the development of our FusR1 banana gene, decreased patent costs, decreased lab supplies expense and decreased depreciation. The cost of the research agreement with UW is expensed as incurred in accordance with our DCA which included 90% of the contract amount paid prior to December 31, 2021. These costs are funded by notes payable provided by Dole, the details of which are described in Note 7 of our consolidated financial statements.

Salaries and Benefits

Salaries and benefits decreased $26,712, or 7.2%, to $343,208 for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $369,920 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was due to decreased stock compensation costs.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses decreased $20,164, or 1.6%, to $1,253,644 for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $1,273,808 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to decreased insurance costs. General and administrative expense also includes $1,006,751 amortization of acquired research in progress for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The expected amortization for the year ending December 31, 2023 is $1,006,751 and will decline thereafter as described in Note 5 of our consolidated financial statements.

Other Income

Total other income decreased $4,664, or 5.6%, to $79,335 for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $83,999 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to forgiveness of PPP and EIDL loans in the year ended December 31, 2021 partially offset by employee retention credits received in the year ended December 31, 2022.

Income Taxes

Income tax benefit was $0 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Net Loss

Net loss decreased $858,977, or 30.7%, to $1,934,967 for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $2,793,944 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to decreased costs for our banana project, decreased costs for patents, lab supplies, depreciation and insurance partially offset by stock compensation costs.

Financial Condition

The Company’s working capital increased $283,738 to $520,673 as of December 31, 2022 from $236,935 as of December 31, 2021 primarily due to proceeds from the issuance of common and preferred stock partially offset by the net loss from operations.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company has historically financed operations through cash flows from operations and equity transactions. Net cash used in operating activities was $640,947 for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $1,583,138 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The $942,191, or 59.5%, decrease was primarily due to the decreased net operating loss. Net cash provided from financing activities was $550,000 of proceeds from the issuance of common stock and $454,004 from the issuance of preferred stock compared to $1,447,916 in proceeds from notes payable from Dole and $133,395 in proceeds from the PPP loan and the EIDL in the year ended December 31, 2021.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $577,066 in operating cash and expects that operating cash flow net of contractual reimbursements and notes payable funding from Dole for the year ending December 31, 2023 will be approximately $546,000. Management believes that there may not be enough cash to pay our expenses for one year beyond the date of this report. Marketing of additional genes may lead to additional revenue and we have some flexibility to reduce operating costs but we may require additional capital. These factors create substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements that have a material current effect, or that are reasonably likely to have a material future effect, on its financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources.

Contractual Obligations

The Company leases its operating facility on a month-to-month basis, with monthly rental installments of $2,378. The Company’s rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were $26,157 and $28,535, respectively.

Critical Accounting Policies

For a review of our critical accounting policies, please refer to our audited financial statements.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

The information required by this item appears beginning on page F-1 following the signature pages of this report and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

There are no disagreements with the accountants on accounting and financial disclosures.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be included in our reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures are not effective at these reasonable assurance levels for the reasons stated below.

The Company’s internal control system is designed to provide reasonable cost-effective assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. There is no assurance that our disclosure controls or our internal controls over financial reporting can prevent all errors. An internal control system, no matter how well designed and operated, has inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error may occur and not be detected. We monitor our disclosure controls and internal controls and make modifications as we believe appropriate given our financial resources and limited level of activities. Our intent in this regard is that our disclosure controls and our internal controls will improve as systems change and conditions warrant.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Furthermore, smaller reporting companies such as the Company face additional limitations. Smaller reporting companies employ fewer individuals and find it difficult to properly segregate duties. Often, one or two individuals control every aspect of our operation and are in a position to override any system of internal control. Additionally, smaller reporting companies tend to utilize general accounting software packages that lack a rigorous set of software controls.

Our management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control — 2013 Integrated Framework. Based on this evaluation, our management, with the participation of the President, concluded that, as of December 31, 2022, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective due to the material weaknesses in the system of internal control described below.

Specifically, management identified the following control deficiencies: (1) the Company has not properly segregated duties as one or two individuals initiate, authorize, and complete all transactions. The Company has not implemented measures that would prevent the individuals from overriding the internal control system. (2) The Company has installed accounting software that does not prevent erroneous or unauthorized changes to previous reporting periods and does not provide an adequate audit trail of entries made in the accounting software. (3) Due to the size of the Company and limited personnel, the Company has not hired an individual with technical accounting expertise within the accounting function.

Accordingly, while the Company has identified certain material weaknesses in its system of internal control over financial reporting, it believes that it has taken reasonable cost-effective steps to ascertain that the financial information contained in this report is in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Management has determined that current resources would be appropriately applied elsewhere and when resources permit, they will alleviate material weaknesses through various steps.

Changes in internal controls

Our Certifying Officers have indicated that there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting or other factors that could significantly affect such controls subsequent to the date of his evaluation, and there were no such control actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS.

Not applicable.

PART III.

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Officers and Directors

The following table sets forth certain information concerning each of the Company’s directors and executive officers:

Compliance with Section 16 (a) of the Exchange Act

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our officers, directors and persons who beneficially own more than ten percent of our ordinary shares to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC. These reporting persons are also required to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. Based solely upon a review of such Forms, we believe that during the year ended December 31, 2022 there were no delinquent filers.

Code of Conduct

Committees

We have not formed an Audit Committee, Compensation Committee or Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee as of the filing of this report. Our Board of Directors performs the principal functions of an Audit Committee. We currently do not have an audit committee financial expert on our Board of Directors. We believe that an audit committee financial expert is not required because the cost of hiring an audit committee financial expert to act as one of our directors and to be a member of an Audit Committee outweighs the benefits of having an audit committee financial expert at this time. However, we intend to implement a comprehensive corporate governance program, including establishing various board committees in the future.

There are no agreements or understandings for any officer or director to resign at the request of another person and none of the above-named officers and directors are acting on behalf of or will act at the direction of any other person.

There is no family relationship between any director or executive officer of the Company.

The board of directors presently has no committees.

Set forth below are the names of all directors and executive officers of the Company, all positions and offices with the Company held by each such person, the period during which he has served as such, and the business experience of such persons during at least the last five years:

Steve B. Warnecke was appointed Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary and member of the board of directors of the Company on June 6, 2014, and became its principal executive officer as President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board on October 1, 2014. Mr. Warnecke has served as a member of the board of directors of Evolutionary Genomics since September 2010 and was appointed as Chief Executive Officer in November 2010. Mr. Warnecke has served part-time roles as Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Financial Officer for VetDC, Inc. since November 2012, President of CereScan Corp from November 2016 to August 2018 and Chairman of the Pink Lightning Foundation (supporting Children’s Hospitals and cystic fibrosis research) since November 2011. He has also served as Senior Vice-President of Children’s Hospital Colorado Foundation from 2003 through January 2017 and been a member of the Board of Directors of CereScan from 2014 to 2019. Previously, Mr. Warnecke served as Lead Independent Director and Audit Committee Chair for Evolving Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ: EVOL, an international telecom software company) from 2003 to 2011, as Chief Financial Officer of Targeted Medical Pharma, Inc. in 2011, as Chief Financial Officer and member of the Board of Directors for Bacterin International, Inc. (NASDAQ: BONE), a biologics and medical device company from 2008 to 2010, member of the Board of Directors of Emmaus Life Sciences, Inc. in 2011, member of the Board of Directors of Boppy Company from 2005 to 2008, Senior Vice-President of Strategic Planning for First Data/Western Union (NYSE: FDC) from 2001 to 2002 and Chief Financial Officer for Frontier Airlines (former NASDAQ company acquired by Republic Airways) from 1999 to 2001. Mr. Warnecke graduated from the University of Iowa with a BBA in Accounting, Finance and Management and passed the Certified Public Accountant exam in 1979.

Virginia Orndorff was appointed as a director of the Company on October 1, 2014. She has served as a member of the Evolutionary Genomics board of directors since 2000. She served as Chief Executive Officer and President of Evolutionary Genomics from 2000 to November 2010. She is a founder and CEO of Sieyax, LLC, an early-stage oncology company. From February 2015 to February 2017, Ms. Orndorff served as Executive Director, Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Colorado Institute for Drug, Device and Diagnostic Development. She has served on Colorado’s State Board of Pharmacy from March 2012 to March 2015. 1997 to 2000, Ms. Orndorff served as Vice President then President and Chief Executive Officer of GenoPlex, Inc. of Denver and served as Director of Technology/Business Development of NeXstar Pharmaceuticals, Inc. of Boulder, Colorado, from 1993 to 1997. From 1989 to 1993 she served as the Director of Biotechnology Programs for the Colorado Advanced Technology Institute in Denver. Ms. Orndorff was employed by the Georgia Institute of Technology as Manager of a biotechnology start-up incubator (the Health Science Technology Center) from 1987 to 1989; prior to that for eight years by Genex Corporation of Gaithersburg, Maryland, first as a Laboratory Supervisor then as Manager of Technology Assessment. From 1975 to 1979, Ms. Orndorff had served as a Microbiologist at Stanford Research Institute. She received a BA in Biology from the University of California at Santa Cruz, an MA in Microbiology from California State University at San Jose, and an MBA from Loyola College (where she graduated second in her class).

Mark Boggess, Ph.D. was appointed as a director of the Company on October 1, 2014. He has served as a director of Evolutionary Genomics since 2010. Dr. Boggess has a diverse background in the animal sciences and animal industries. Born and raised on a traditional Iowa farm, he served as a swine and beef cattle extension specialist with the University of Idaho in Twin Falls from 1990 to 1994 where he was responsible for all swine extension and educational programming and served as the animal breeding resource specialist for the University beef extension team. From 1994 to 2004, Dr. Boggess served as President of Salmon Creek Farms, LLC where he was responsible for development of the Salmon Creek Farms Natural Pork program and branded product line, at Independent Meat Company in Twin Falls, ID. From 2004 to 2009, Dr. Boggess assumed the position of Director of Animal Science for the National Pork Board where he was responsible for program direction and industry funding coordination for research in pork quality; nutritional efficiency; sow lifetime productivity; genomics-genetics; alternatives to antimicrobials; production-management systems and biotechnology. Dr. Boggess also served as the National Pork Board liaison for animal science to producers, academia, media, regulators and the National Pork Producers Council and directed numerous pork industry based advisory groups. From 2009 to 2014, Dr. Boggess served as the National Program Leader for Food Animal Production and the National Program Leader for Pasture, Forage and Rangeland Systems for the USDA Agriculture Research Service in Beltsville, Maryland. In this role, he directed ARS research for diverse programs in genetics and genomics, nutrition, reproductive physiology, animal welfare and meat quality. Dr. Boggess also directed research to improve pasture and rangeland management practices and land-use strategies, improve and restore the ecology of western rangelands and improve the capacity and efficiency of forage-based food animal production systems. From 2014 to 2018, Dr. Boggess served as the Director of the U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center in Madison, WI. In this role Dr. Boggess directed the research programs for 21 scientists and 75 support staff. The USDFRC includes two research farms in rural Wisconsin as well as offices and laboratories on the campus of the University of Wisconsin. Currently, Dr. Boggess serves as the Director of the US Meat Animal Research Center, the largest meat animal-based research Center in the world. USMARC spans 34,000 acres and houses 25,000 head of beef, sheep and swine. The research programs include 45 scientists in five research units conducting research focused on genetics, genomics, physiology, nutrition, reproduction, food safety, meat quality, animal health, precision agriculture, and environmental quality. Dr. Boggess attended Iowa State University receiving a BS degree in Animal Science in 1983. After receiving an MS degree from Cornell University with a major in Animal Breeding in 1985, Dr. Boggess returned to Iowa State University, receiving his PhD in 1990, also in Animal Breeding.

Walter Messier, Ph.D. was appointed Secretary and Treasurer of the Company on October 1, 2014. He is a Founder of Evolutionary Genomics and has served as its Chief Technology Officer since 2000 and has served as its Secretary since 2007. Dr. Messier has published in such prestigious scientific journals as Nature, Nature Medicine, Current Biology, and Science. Dr. Messier is recognized as an authority on the use and interpretation of Ka/Ks algorithms. Dr. Messier’s research on the detection of molecular-level positive selection in the primates is well known. In addition to the research programs Dr. Messier developed and spearheads at Evolutionary Genomics, he is currently collaborating with colleagues in several areas, including identification and validation of novel targets for breast cancer therapeutics, identification and validation of novel targets for HIV/AIDS therapeutics, the role of molecular Darwinian selection in human speciation, and creation of more powerful algorithms for the detection of molecular Darwinian selection. Dr. Messier received his Masters of Science from the State University of New York at New Paltz, and his Ph.D. from the University of Albany (State University of New York).

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The Company’s officers and directors have in the past and may in the future be officers and directors of other companies. Consequently, they may have potential inherent conflicts of interest in serving as officers and directors of the Company. Insofar as the officers and directors are engaged in other business activities, management anticipates it will not devote all of its time to the Company’s affairs. The officers and directors of the Company may in the future become shareholders, officers or directors of other companies which may be formed for the purpose of engaging in business activities similar to those conducted by the Company. The Company does not currently have a right of first refusal pertaining to opportunities that come to management’s attention even if the opportunities relate to the Company’s proposed business operations.

The officers and directors are under no obligation to make any opportunities that come to their attention in the performance of their duties for any other companies or in any other manner available to the Company. Except as set forth above, the Company has not adopted any other conflict of interest policy with respect to such transactions.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The following table summarizes compensation of our executive officers:

The Company had no employment agreements as of December 31, 2022 and paid cash compensation to each to its directors of $10,000 during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Evolutionary Genomics issued option grants for 133,333 shares to Steve Warnecke. The amounts reported under “Option Awards” in the above table reflect the grant date fair value of these awards as determined in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, rather than amounts paid to or realized by the named individual.  The value of the option awards was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.  The valuation assumptions used in the valuation of options granted may be found in the Notes to our financial statements included in this annual report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Principal Stockholders

The following table sets forth certain information as of December 31, 2022 regarding the beneficial ownership of the Company’s common stock by (i) each stockholder known by the Company to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock, (ii) by each director and executive officer of the Company and (iii) by all executive officers and directors of the Company as a group. Each of the persons named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to common stock beneficially owned. The percentage ownership is the number of shares of common stock owned compared to the combined number of shares of common and preferred stock outstanding. None of the officers or directors own any shares of preferred stock.

———————

ITEMS 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS, RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

We maintain a mailing address at the offices of our president, Steve B. Warnecke, located at 4220 Morning Star Drive, Castle Rock, CO 80108 for which we pay no rent. There have been no transactions or proposed transactions in which the amount involved exceeds $120,000 for the last two completed fiscal years in which any of our directors, executive officers of beneficial holders of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of common stock, or any of their respective relatives, spouses, associates or affiliates has had or will have any direct or material indirect interest.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Audit Fees

The aggregate fees billed during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 for professional services rendered by our principal accountant,  i Plante & Moran PLLC,  i Denver, Colorado (PCAOB ID No.  i 166) for the audit of our annual financial statements and quarterly reviews were $65,000 and $65,000, respectively.

Audit Related Fees

The Company incurred no fees for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 for audit related services by our principal accountant that were reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements, and not reported under Audit Fees above.

Tax Fees

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, fees for professional services rendered by our principal accountant for tax preparation were $7,200 and $0, respectively.

All Other Fees

We did not incur any fees for other professional services rendered by our principal accountant during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

PART IV.

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES

ITEM 16. FORM 10–K SUMMARY

Not applicable.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of Castle Rock, State of Colorado on March 9, 2023.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2022 and 2021

Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. and Subsidiary

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related statements of operations, stockholders' deficit, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Going Concern Uncertainty

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 13 to the financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has an accumulated deficit that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 13. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the board of directors and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Controls and Procedures – Material Weakness – Refer to Item 9A to the form 10-K

Critical Audit Matter Description

Management has identified the following control deficiencies: (1) the Company has not properly segregated duties, as one or two individuals initiate, authorize, and complete all transactions. The Company has not implemented measures that would prevent the individuals from overriding the internal control system. (2) The Company uses accounting software that neither prevents erroneous or unauthorized changes to previous reporting periods nor provides an adequate audit trail of entries made in the accounting software. (3) Due to the size of the Company and limited personnel, the Company has not hired an individual with the appropriate level of knowledge, experience, and training in financial reporting.

Given these deficiencies in the lack of proper segregation of duties, weakness within the accounting software, and lack of technical accounting expertise that have a pervasive impact to all financial account balances and disclosures, a significant change in our audit plan was required with an increase in audit effort.

How the Critical Audit Matter was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to mitigating the risks of the internal control deficiencies include the following:

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.

/s/ Plante & Moran, PLLC

Denver, Colorado

March 9, 2023

Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

December 31, 2022 and 2021

See notes to consolidated financial statements

Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

See notes to consolidated financial statements

Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed and Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Deficit

See notes to consolidated financial statements

Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

See notes to consolidated financial statements

Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2022 and 2021