UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

(Amendment No.    )

 

 

Filed by the Registrant  ☒

Filed by a Party other than the Registrant  ☐

Check the appropriate box:

 

☐	Preliminary Proxy Statement

 

☐	Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))

 

☒	Definitive Proxy Statement

 

☐	Definitive Additional Materials

 

☐	Soliciting Material Pursuant to § 240.14a-12

AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC.

(Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Not Applicable

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other Than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):

 

☐	No fee required.

 

☒	Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.

 

☐	Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11.

 

 

 

12700 Hill Country Blvd., Suite T-200

Austin, Texas 78738

June 16, 2022

Dear Stockholder:

You are cordially invited to attend a virtual special meeting of stockholders of American Campus Communities, Inc., a Maryland corporation, to be held on August 4, 2022 at 10:00 a.m., Central Time, in a virtual-only meeting format. At the virtual special meeting, you will be asked to consider and vote on a proposal to approve the merger of American Campus Communities, Inc. with and into Abacus Merger Sub I LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Abacus Parent LLC, an affiliate of Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. (“BREIT”), which we refer to as the “merger,” and other transactions contemplated by the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 18, 2022, as it may be amended from time to time, among Abacus Parent LLC, Abacus Merger Sub I LLC, Abacus Merger Sub II LLC, American Campus Communities, Inc. and American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP, which we refer to as the “merger agreement.” If the merger is completed, you, as a holder of shares of common stock of American Campus Communities, Inc., will be entitled to receive $65.47 in cash, without interest and less any applicable withholding taxes, in exchange for each share of common stock you own, as more fully described in the enclosed proxy statement.

Our board of directors has unanimously approved, adopted and declared advisable the merger agreement and determined the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the mergers, to be advisable and in the best interests of American Campus Communities, Inc. and our stockholders. Our board of directors recommends that you vote “FOR” the approval of the merger.

The merger must be approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of our common stock entitled to cast the majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. The notice of virtual special meeting and proxy statement accompanying this letter provide you with more specific information concerning the virtual special meeting, the merger, the merger agreement and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement. We encourage you to read carefully the enclosed proxy statement, including the annexes. You may also obtain more information about American Campus Communities, Inc. from us or from documents we have filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Your vote is very important regardless of the number of shares that you own. Whether or not you plan to attend the virtual special meeting, we request that you authorize a proxy to vote your shares by either completing and returning the enclosed proxy card as promptly as possible or authorizing your proxy or voting instructions by telephone or through the Internet. The enclosed proxy card contains instructions regarding voting. If you attend the virtual special meeting and you are a stockholder of record as of the record date, you may continue to have your shares voted as instructed in your proxy, or you may withdraw your proxy and vote your shares at the virtual special meeting. If you fail to authorize a proxy to vote your shares or to vote at the virtual special meeting, or fail to instruct your broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote, the effect will be that the shares of common stock that you own will not be counted for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at the virtual special meeting and will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” approval of the merger.

On behalf of the board of directors, thank you for your continued support.

 

This proxy statement is dated June 16, 2022 and is first being mailed to our stockholders on or about June 16, 2022.

AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC.

NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

TO BE HELD ON AUGUST 4, 2022

To the Stockholders of American Campus Communities, Inc.:

You are cordially invited to attend a virtual special meeting of stockholders of American Campus Communities, Inc., a Maryland corporation, to be held on August 4, 2022 at 10:00 a.m., Central Time, in a virtual-only meeting format. To access the virtual special meeting, stockholders should visit register.proxypush.com/acc. The virtual special meeting is being held for the purpose of acting on the following matters:

 

Proposal 1:		To consider and vote on a proposal to approve the merger of American Campus Communities, Inc. with and into Abacus Merger Sub I LLC pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 18, 2022, as it may be amended from time to time, among Abacus Parent LLC, Abacus Merger Sub I LLC, Abacus Merger Sub II LLC, American Campus Communities, Inc. and American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP, which proposal we refer to as the “merger proposal”;
Proposal 2:		To consider and vote on a proposal to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that may be paid or become payable to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and the three other most highly compensated executive officers calculated in accordance with SEC rules and regulations, which we refer to as the “named executive officers,” that is based on or otherwise relates to the mergers, which proposal we refer to as the “advisory compensation proposal”; and
Proposal 3:		To consider and vote on a proposal to approve any adjournment of the virtual special meeting for the purpose of soliciting additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes at the virtual special meeting to approve the merger proposal, which proposal we refer to as the “adjournment proposal.”

The foregoing items of business are more fully described in the attached proxy statement, which forms a part of this notice and is incorporated herein by reference. Pursuant to our bylaws, only the matters set forth in this notice of virtual special meeting may be brought before the virtual special meeting. Our board of directors has fixed the close of business on June 14, 2022 as the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the virtual special meeting or any postponement or adjournment thereof. All holders of record of our common stock at the close of business on the record date are entitled to receive notice of and attend the virtual special meeting or any postponement or adjournment of the virtual special meeting.

Our board of directors has unanimously approved the merger agreement and determined the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the mergers, to be advisable and in the best interests of American Campus Communities, Inc. and our stockholders. Our board of directors recommends that you vote “FOR” the merger proposal, “FOR” the advisory compensation proposal, and “FOR” the adjournment proposal.

The merger proposal must be approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of our common stock entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Accordingly, your vote is very important regardless of the number of shares of common stock that you own. Whether or not you plan to attend the virtual special meeting, we request that you authorize a proxy to vote your shares by either marking, signing, dating and promptly returning the enclosed proxy card in the postage-paid envelope or authorizing your proxy or voting instructions by telephone or through the Internet. If you attend the virtual special meeting and you are a stockholder of record at the close of business on the record date, you may continue to have your shares voted as instructed in your proxy, or you may withdraw your proxy and vote your shares at the virtual special meeting. If you fail to authorize a proxy to vote your shares or to vote at the virtual special meeting, or fail to instruct your broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote, the effect will be that the shares of common stock that you own will not be counted for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at the virtual special meeting and will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the merger proposal.

The approval of the advisory compensation proposal and the adjournment proposal each requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast on the proposal. If you fail to authorize a proxy to vote your shares or vote at the virtual special meeting, or fail to instruct your broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote, it will have no effect on the outcome of these proposals. Abstentions are not considered votes cast and therefore will have no effect on the outcome of these proposals.

Any proxy may be revoked at any time prior to its exercise by delivery of a properly executed, later-dated proxy card, by authorizing your proxy or voting instructions by telephone or through the Internet at a later date than your previously authorized proxy, by submitting a written revocation of your proxy to our Secretary, or by voting at the virtual special meeting. Attendance at the virtual special meeting alone will not be sufficient to revoke a previously authorized proxy.

Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, because shares of our common stock were listed on the New York Stock Exchange at the close of business on the record date, you do not have any appraisal rights, dissenters’ rights or the rights of an objecting stockholder in connection with the merger.

We encourage you to read the accompanying proxy statement in its entirety and to submit a proxy or voting instructions so that your shares will be represented and voted even if you do not attend the virtual special meeting. If you have any questions or need assistance in submitting a proxy or your voting instructions, please call our proxy solicitor, MacKenzie Partners, Inc., toll-free at 1-800-322-2885.

 

Austin, Texas

June 16, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

		Page
SUMMARY			1
The Parties to the Mergers			1
The Special Meeting			3
The Mergers			4
Recommendation of Our Board of Directors			5
Opinion of Our Financial Advisor			5
Treatment of Common Stock and Compensatory Awards			6
Treatment of Interests in the Partnership			6
Financing			7
Interests of Our Directors and Executive Officers in the Mergers			7
No Solicitation of Competing Proposals			8
Conditions to the Mergers			8
Termination of the Merger Agreement			9
Termination Payments			11
Limited Guarantee and Remedies			12
Regulatory Matters			12
No Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal			13
Litigation Related to the Mergers			13
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences			14
Delisting of our Common Stock and Deregistration of Our Common Stock			14
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE SPECIAL MEETING AND THE MERGERS			15
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS			22
PROPOSAL 1 MERGER PROPOSAL			24
PROPOSAL 2 ADVISORY COMPENSATION PROPOSAL			25
PROPOSAL 3 ADJOURNMENT PROPOSAL			26
THE PARTIES TO THE MERGERS			27
THE SPECIAL MEETING			29
Date, Time and Purpose of the Special Meeting			29
Record Date, Notice and Quorum			29
Required Vote			29
How to Authorize a Proxy			30
Proxies and Revocation			31
Solicitation of Proxies			31
Adjournments			31
Postponements			32
THE MERGERS			33
General Description of the Mergers			33
Background of the Mergers			33
Reasons for the Mergers			42
Recommendation of Our Board of Directors			45
Unaudited Prospective Financial Information			45
Opinion of Our Financial Advisor			48
Financing			56
Interests of Our Directors and Executive Officers in the Mergers			56
Regulatory Matters			62
Litigation Related to the Mergers			62
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences			63
Delisting of Our Common Stock			68
THE MERGER AGREEMENT			69
Structure			69
Effective Times; Closing Date			69

 

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Organizational Documents			70
General Partner and Officers			70
Treatment of Common Stock and Compensatory Awards			71
Treatment of Interests in the Partnership			71
No Further Ownership Rights			72
Payment Procedures			72
Representations and Warranties			73
Conduct of Our Business Pending the Mergers			77
Stockholders’ Meeting			81
Agreement to Take Certain Actions			82
No Solicitation of Competing Proposals			84
Obligation of Our Board of Directors with Respect to Its Recommendation			86
Employee Benefits			89
Financing Cooperation			89
Assumed Indebtedness			93
Pre-Closing Transactions			93
Certain Other Covenants			94
Conditions to the Mergers			95
Termination of the Merger Agreement			96
Termination Payments			98
Limited Guarantee and Remedies			99
Amendment and Waiver			100
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT			101
NO DISSENTERS’ RIGHTS OF APPRAISAL			102
STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS			102
HOUSEHOLDING OF PROXY MATERIALS			103
OTHER MATTERS			103
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION			103
Annex A –  Agreementand Plan of Merger, dated as of April 18, 2022, by and among Abacus Parent LLC, Abacus Merger Sub I LLC, Abacus Merger Sub II LLC, American Campus Communities, Inc. and American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP			A-1
Annex B – Opinion of BofA Securities, Inc.			B-1

 

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE SPECIAL MEETING AND THE MERGERS

The following questions and answers address briefly some questions you may have regarding the virtual special meeting and the proposed mergers. These questions and answers may not address all questions that may be important to you as a stockholder. Please refer to the more detailed information contained elsewhere in this proxy statement, as well as the additional documents to which it refers or which it incorporates by reference, including the merger agreement, a copy of which is attached to this proxy statement as Annex A.

 

Q:	What is the proposed transaction?

 

A:

The proposed transaction is the acquisition of the Company and its subsidiaries, including the Partnership, by affiliates of Blackstone pursuant to the merger agreement. After the merger proposal has been approved by our stockholders and the other closing conditions under the merger agreement have been satisfied or waived, Merger Sub II will be merged with and into the Partnership, with the Partnership continuing as the Surviving Partnership. Immediately following the partnership merger effective time the Company will be merged with and into Merger Sub I, with Merger Sub I continuing as the Surviving Company. The mergers will occur at the times provided in the merger agreement. For additional information about the mergers, please review the merger agreement attached to this proxy statement as Annex A and incorporated by reference into this proxy statement. We encourage you to read the merger agreement carefully and in its entirety, as it is the principal document governing the mergers.

 

Q:	As a stockholder, what will I receive in the merger?

 

A:	For each outstanding share of common stock that you own immediately prior to the merger effective time, you will receive $65.47 in cash, without interest and less any applicable withholding taxes.

 

Q:	Will I receive any regular quarterly dividends with respect to the common stock that I own?

 

A:

Under the terms of the merger agreement, we may not authorize, declare or pay any dividends to the holders of shares of our common stock without the prior written consent of Parent, other than dividends determined in good faith to be required to maintain our status as a REIT under the Code or to avoid or reduce the payment of income or excise tax (with any such additional required dividend resulting in a corresponding decrease to the common stock consideration).

 

Q:	What will happen to my restricted stock?

 

A:

Immediately prior to the merger effective time, each outstanding share of restricted stock granted pursuant to an incentive award plan, other than deferred stock awards, will automatically become fully vested and all restrictions and reacquisition rights thereon will lapse, and thereafter all shares of common stock represented thereby will be considered outstanding for all purposes under the merger agreement and will have the right to receive the common stock consideration, less any applicable withholding taxes.

 

Q:	What will happen to my deferred stock awards?

 

A:

All deferred stock awards will, as of immediately before the merger effective time, become vested and no longer subject to restriction, and all deferred stock awards will, at the merger effective time, be adjusted and converted into a right of the holder to have allocated to the holder’s account under the deferred compensation plan an amount denominated in cash equal to the product of (1) the number of shares of common stock allocated to such account as of the merger effective time and (2) the merger consideration, and will no longer represent a right to receive a number of shares of common stock.

 

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Q:	What will happen to the incentive award plans in the mergers?

 

A:	At the merger effective time, the incentive award plans will terminate.

 

Q:	When do you expect the mergers to be completed?

 

A:

If our stockholders vote to approve the merger proposal, and assuming that the other conditions to the mergers are satisfied or waived, it is anticipated that the mergers will be completed in the third quarter of 2022. Pursuant to the merger agreement, the closing of the mergers will take place on the third business day after satisfaction or waiver of the conditions to the mergers described under “The Merger Agreement—Conditions to the Mergers” (other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied or waived at the closing of the mergers, but subject to the satisfaction or waiver of such conditions at the closing) or at such other date as mutually agreed by Parent and us. For further information regarding the timing of the closing of the mergers, see “The Merger Agreement—Effective Times; Closing Date.”

 

Q:	What happens if the mergers are not completed?

 

A:

If the merger proposal is not approved by our stockholders, or if the mergers are not completed for any other reason, our stockholders will not receive any payment for their common stock pursuant to the merger agreement. Instead, American Campus Communities, Inc. will remain a public company, our common stock will continue to be registered under the Exchange Act and to be listed on the NYSE, and our common stock, restricted stock and partnership units will remain outstanding. Upon a termination of the merger agreement, under certain circumstances, we will be required to pay Parent the company termination payment. In certain other circumstances, Parent will be required to pay us the parent termination payment upon termination of the merger agreement.

 

Q:	If the mergers are completed, how do I obtain the merger consideration for my common stock?

 

A:

Following the completion of the merger, your shares of common stock will automatically be converted into the right to receive your portion of the aggregate common stock consideration. Shortly after the mergers are completed, you will receive an instruction letter describing how you may exchange your shares of common stock for the common stock consideration. If your shares of common stock are held in “street name” by your broker, bank or other nominee, you may receive instructions from your broker, bank or other nominee as to what action, if any, you need to take to effect the surrender of your “street name” shares in exchange for the common stock consideration.

 

Q:	When and where is the virtual special meeting?

 

A:	The virtual special meeting will be held on August 4, 2022 at 10:00 a.m., Central Time, in a virtual-only meeting format. To access the virtual special meeting, stockholders should visit register.proxypush.com/acc.

 

Q:	Who can vote and attend the virtual special meeting?

 

A:

All holders of record of our common stock as of the record date, which was the close of business on June 14, 2022, are entitled to receive notice of and attend and vote at the virtual special meeting or any postponement or adjournment of the virtual special meeting. Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote on each matter presented at the virtual special meeting for each share of common stock that such holder owned as of the record date.

 

Q:	How do I attend the virtual special meeting?

 

A:	The virtual special meeting will be held in a virtual-only format on August 4, 2022 at 10:00 a.m., Central Time. You will not be able to physically attend the virtual special meeting. To access the virtual meeting,

 

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stockholders should visit register.proxypush.com/acc. The virtual special meeting will start promptly at 10:00 a.m., Central Time. You will need the latest versions of Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer, Edge or Firefox. Please ensure your browser is compatible. As a stockholder, you will then be required to enter your control number from your proxy card or broker’s notice. After registering, you will receive a confirmation email. Approximately one hour prior to the start of the meeting an email will be sent to the email address you provided during registration with a unique link to the virtual meeting. Please contact Investor Relations at (512) 732-1000 if you have any other questions in connection with attending the virtual special meeting.

 

Q:	What vote of stockholders is required to approve the merger proposal?

 

A:

Approval of the merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of the holders of our common stock entitled to cast a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter at the virtual special meeting. Because the required vote for this proposal is based on the number of votes our stockholders are entitled to cast rather than on the number of votes cast, failure to vote your shares (including failure to give voting instructions to your broker, bank or other nominee) and abstentions will have the same effect as voting “AGAINST” the merger proposal.

 

Q:	What vote of stockholders is required to approve the advisory compensation proposal?

 

A:

Approval of the advisory compensation proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast on the proposal. For the purpose of this proposal, failure to vote your shares (including failure to give voting instructions to your broker, bank or other nominee) and abstentions will have no effect on the proposal.

 

Q:	What vote of stockholders is required to approve the adjournment proposal?

 

A:

Approval of the adjournment proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast on the proposal. For the purpose of this proposal, failure to vote your shares (including failure to give voting instructions to your broker, bank or other nominee) and abstentions will have no effect on the proposal.

 

Q:	Why is my vote important?

 

A:

If you do not authorize your proxy or voting instructions or vote at the virtual special meeting, it will be more difficult for us to obtain the necessary quorum to hold the virtual special meeting. In addition, because the merger proposal must be approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of our common stock entitled to cast a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter at the virtual special meeting, your failure to authorize your proxy or voting instructions or to vote at the virtual special meeting will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the approval of the merger proposal.

 

Q:	How does the common stock consideration compare to the market price of the Company’s common stock?

 

A:

The merger consideration of $65.47 per share represents a premium of approximately 22% to the 90-calendar day volume-weighted average share price ending April 18, 2022, a premium of approximately 30% over the closing stock price of February 16, 2022, the date immediately prior to our disclosing receipt of an indication of willingness to offer to acquire us, and a premium of approximately 14% over closing price of our common stock on April 18, 2022, the last trading day prior to the announcement of the merger agreement.

 

Q:	How does our board of directors recommend that I vote?

 

A:	Our board of directors recommends that you vote “FOR” the merger proposal, “FOR” the advisory compensation proposal, and “FOR” the adjournment proposal.

 

Q:	Why am I being asked to consider and cast a vote on the advisory compensation proposal?

 

A:	The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, which we refer to as the “SEC,” has adopted rules that require companies to seek a nonbinding, advisory vote to approve certain compensation that may be paid or

 

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become payable to their named executive officers that is based on or otherwise relates to corporate transactions such as the merger.

 

Q:	What will happen if stockholders do not approve the advisory compensation proposal?

 

A:

The vote to approve the advisory compensation proposal is a vote separate and apart from the vote to approve the merger proposal. Approval of this proposal is not a condition to completion of the mergers. The vote on this proposal is an advisory vote only, and it is not binding on us or our board of directors. Further, the underlying arrangements are contractual in nature and not, by their terms, subject to stockholder approval. Accordingly, regardless of the outcome of the advisory vote, if the mergers are completed, our named executive officers will be eligible to receive the compensation that may be paid or become payable to them that is based on or otherwise relates to the mergers.

 

Q:	Do any of the Company’s directors and executive officers have any interest in the mergers that is different than mine?

 

A:

Our directors and executive officers have certain interests in the mergers that are different from, or in addition to, those interests of our stockholders generally. See “The Mergers — Interests of Our Directors and Executive Officers in the Mergers” for information about interests that our directors and executive officers have in the mergers that are different than yours.

 

Q:	What do I need to do now?

 

A:

After carefully reading and considering the information contained in this proxy statement and the annexes attached to this proxy statement, please vote your shares or authorize a proxy to vote your shares in one of the ways described below as soon as possible. Holders of our common stock will be entitled to one vote for each share of common stock owned as of the record date.

 

Q:	How do I cast my vote?

 

A:

If you are a stockholder of record on the record date, you may vote at the virtual special meeting or authorize a proxy to vote your shares at the virtual special meeting. You can authorize your proxy by completing, signing, dating and returning the enclosed proxy card in the accompanying pre-addressed, postage-paid envelope.

 

Q:	How do I cast my vote if my common stock is held of record in “street name”?

 

A:

If you own common stock through a broker, bank or other nominee (i.e., in “street name”), you must provide voting instructions in accordance with the instructions on the voting instruction card that your broker, bank or other nominee provides to you, since brokers, banks and other nominees do not have discretionary voting authority with respect to any of the proposals described in this proxy statement. If you have not received such voting instructions or require further information regarding such voting instructions, contact your broker, bank or other nominee who can give you directions on how to vote your shares. If you hold your shares through a broker, bank or other nominee, you may also vote at the virtual special meeting.

 

Q:	What will happen if I abstain from voting or fail to vote?

 

A:

With respect to the merger proposal, if you abstain from voting, fail to cast your vote at the virtual special meeting or by proxy or if you hold your shares in “street name” and fail to give voting instructions to your broker, bank or other nominee, it will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the merger proposal. With respect to the advisory compensation proposal and the adjournment proposal, if you abstain from voting, fail to cast your vote at the virtual special meeting or by proxy or if you hold your shares in “street name” and fail to give voting instructions to your broker, bank or other nominee, it will not have any effect on the outcome of such proposals.

 

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Q:	How will proxy holders vote my common stock?

 

A:

If you properly authorize a proxy prior to the virtual special meeting, your shares will be voted as you direct. If you authorize a proxy but no direction is otherwise made, your shares will be voted “FOR” the merger proposal, “FOR” the advisory compensation proposal and “FOR” the adjournment proposal. Pursuant to our bylaws, only the matters set forth in the notice of virtual special meeting may be brought before the virtual special meeting.

 

Q:	What happens if I sell my common stock before the virtual special meeting?

 

A:

If you held shares of common stock on the record date but transfer them prior to the merger effective time, you will retain your right to vote at the virtual special meeting, but not the right to receive the common stock consideration for those shares. The right to receive such consideration when the merger becomes effective will pass to the person who at that time owns the shares you previously owned.

 

Q:	Can I change my vote after I have mailed my proxy card?

 

A:

Yes. If you own common stock as a record holder on the record date, you may revoke a previously authorized proxy at any time before it is exercised by filing with our Secretary a notice of revocation or a duly authorized proxy bearing a later date or by attending and voting at the virtual special meeting. Attendance at the virtual special meeting will not, in itself, constitute revocation of a previously authorized proxy. If you have instructed a broker, bank or other nominee to vote your shares, the foregoing options for changing your vote do not apply and instead you must follow the instructions received from your broker, bank or other nominee to change your vote or you may attend and vote at the virtual special meeting.

 

Q:	Is the merger expected to be taxable to me?

 

A:

Yes. The receipt of cash in exchange for shares of common stock pursuant to the merger is expected to be treated as a distribution in complete liquidation of the Company and will be a fully taxable transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, a U.S. holder of shares of common stock will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between (1) the amount of cash received with respect to such U.S. holder’s shares of common stock in the merger, and (2) the U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares. The U.S. federal income tax consequences to a non-U.S. holder of the merger will depend on various factors, including whether the receipt of such payments is treated as a distribution from the Company that is attributable to gain from the sale of USRPIs pursuant to the provisions of FIRPTA. See “The Mergers—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences—Consequences of the Merger to Non-U.S. Holders of Shares of Common Stock” for further discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger to non-U.S. holders. You should consult your tax advisors regarding the particular tax consequences to you of the merger in light of your particular circumstances (including the application and effect of any state, local or foreign income and other tax laws). For further discussion, see “The Mergers—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences.”

 

Q:	What rights do I have if I oppose the merger?

 

A:

If you are a stockholder of record on the record date, you can vote against the merger proposal. You are not, however, entitled to exercise any appraisal rights, dissenters’ rights or the rights of an objecting stockholder to receive the fair value of the stockholder’s shares in connection with the merger. Because shares of our common stock were listed on the NYSE on the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote at the virtual special meeting, pursuant to the Maryland General Corporation Law, our stockholders who object to the merger do not have any appraisal rights, dissenters’ rights or the rights of an objecting stockholder in connection with the merger. For more information, see “No Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal.”

 

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Q:	Where can I find the voting results of the virtual special meeting?

 

A:

We intend to announce preliminary voting results at the virtual special meeting and publish final results in a Current Report on Form 8-K that will be filed with the SEC following the virtual special meeting. All reports that we file with the SEC are publicly available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov when filed.

 

Q:	Can I participate if I am unable to attend the virtual special meeting?

 

A:	If you are unable to attend the virtual special meeting, we encourage you to complete, sign, date and return your proxy card, or authorize your proxy or voting instructions by telephone or through the Internet.

 

Q:	Have any stockholders already agreed to approve the merger?

 

A:	No. To our knowledge, none of our stockholders have entered into any agreement to vote any of their shares of common stock either in favor or against any proposal at the virtual special meeting.

 

Q:	Where can I find more information about the Company?

 

A:

We file certain information with the SEC, which is available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and on our website at www.pacapts.com. The information found on, or otherwise accessible through, our website is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this proxy statement or any other report or document we file with or furnish to the SEC. You can also request copies of these documents from us. For more information, see “Where You Can Find More Information.”

 

Q:	Who will solicit and pay the cost of soliciting proxies?

 

A:

We will bear the cost of solicitation of proxies for the virtual special meeting. Our board of directors is soliciting your proxy on our behalf. In addition to the use of mail, proxies may be solicited by personal interview, telephone, facsimile, e-mail or otherwise, by our directors, officers and other employees. We have engaged MacKenzie Partners, Inc., which we refer to as “MacKenzie Partners,” to assist in the solicitation of proxies for a fee of $30,000, plus reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses. We also will request persons, firms and corporations holding shares in their names, or in the names of their nominees, that are beneficially owned by others to send or cause to be sent proxy materials to, and obtain proxies from, such beneficial owners and will reimburse such holders for their reasonable expenses in so doing.

 

Q:	Who can help answer my other questions?

 

A:	If after reading this proxy statement you have more questions about the virtual special meeting or the mergers, you should contact us at:

American Campus Communities, Inc.

12700 Hill Country Boulevard, Suite T-200

Austin, Texas 78738

Attention: Secretary

(512) 732-1000

 

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You may also contact MacKenzie Partners, our proxy solicitor, as follows:

 

MacKenzie Partners, Inc.

Email: proxy@mackenziepartners.com

Toll-Free: (800) 322-2885

If your broker holds your shares, you should also contact your broker for additional information.

 

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This proxy statement and the documents that we incorporate by reference herein contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (set forth in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (which we refer to as the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Exchange Act). Also, documents we subsequently file with the SEC and incorporate by reference may contain forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, among others, statements about the expected benefits of the mergers, the expected timing and completion of the mergers and the future business, performance and opportunities of the Company. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties, and you should not rely on them as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements depend on assumptions, data or methods which may be incorrect or imprecise, and we may not be able to realize them. We do not guarantee that the transactions and events described will happen as described (or that they will happen at all). Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “foresee,” “looking ahead,” “is confident,” “should,” “will,” “predicted,” “likely,” or similar words or phrases intended to identify information that is not historical in nature. Forward-looking statements are based on expectations, forecasts and assumptions that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual outcomes and results to differ materially. These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation:

 

•

risks associated with our ability to obtain the stockholder approval required to consummate the merger and the risk that the closing of the mergers will not occur within the expected timeframe or at all;

 

•

unanticipated difficulties or expenditures relating to the mergers;

 

•

the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to the termination of the merger agreement;

 

•

the outcome of any legal proceedings that have been or may be instituted against the parties and others related to the merger agreement;

 

•

disruptions to our current plans and operations or diverted attention from our ongoing business operations by management or our employees as a result of the proposed transaction;

 

•

unanticipated difficulties or expenditures relating to the transaction, the response of business partners and competitors to the announcement of the transaction and/or potential difficulties in employee retention as a result of the announcement and pendency of the transaction;

 

•

our exclusive remedy against the counterparties to the merger agreement with respect to any breach of the merger agreement being to seek payment by Parent of the parent termination payment in the amount of $832 million (which amount is guaranteed by the Sponsor), which may not be adequate to cover our damages;

 

•

our restricted ability to pay dividends to the holders of our common stock pursuant to the merger agreement;

 

•

general risks affecting the real estate industry;

 

•

risks associated with changes in university admission or housing policies;

 

•

risks associated with the availability and terms of financing and the use of debt to fund acquisitions and developments;

 

•

failure to manage effectively our growth and expansion into new markets or to integrate acquisitions successfully;

 

•

risks and uncertainties affecting property development and construction;

 

•

risks associated with downturns in the national and local economies, volatility in capital and credit markets, increases in interest rates, and volatility in the securities markets;

 

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•

costs of compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other similar laws; potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental contamination;

 

•

our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes through the merger effective time and the ability of each of our subsidiary REITs to maintain its qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

 

•

possible adverse changes in tax and environmental laws; and

 

•

risks related to the novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) pandemic.

There can be no assurance that the mergers or any other transaction described above will in fact be consummated in the expected time frame, on the expected terms or at all. There can be no assurance as to the impact of COVID-19 and other potential future outbreaks of infectious diseases or the outbreak of war on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and performance and those of the Company’s tenants as well as on the economy and real estate and financial markets, which may impact the timing or occurrence of the mergers. While forward-looking statements reflect our good-faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. For a further discussion of these and other factors that could impact our future results, performance or transactions, see the section entitled “Risk Factors” set forth in Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed by the Company with the SEC on February 28, 2022, and subsequent filings by the Company with the SEC. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and the Company assumes no obligation to update or revise such statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

 

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PROPOSAL 1

MERGER PROPOSAL

We are asking our stockholders to vote on a proposal to approve the merger of American Campus Communities, Inc. with and into Abacus Merger Sub I LLC in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement.

For detailed information regarding this proposal, see the information about the mergers and the merger agreement throughout this proxy statement, including the information set forth under “The Mergers” and “The Merger Agreement.” A copy of the merger agreement is attached as Annex A to this proxy statement.

Approval of the merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of the holders of our common stock entitled to cast the majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter at the virtual special meeting. If you properly authorize your proxy by mail, by telephone or through the Internet, but do not indicate instructions to vote your shares “FOR,” “AGAINST” or “ABSTAIN” on this Proposal 1, your shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendation of our board of directors, which is “FOR” this Proposal 1. Because the required vote for this proposal is based on the number of votes our stockholders are entitled to cast rather than on the number of votes cast, failure to vote your shares (including failure to give voting instructions to your broker, bank or other nominee) and abstentions will have the same effect as voting “AGAINST” the merger proposal.

Approval of this proposal is a condition to the completion of the mergers. In the event this proposal is not approved, the mergers cannot be completed.

Recommendation of the Board of Directors

Our board of directors unanimously recommends that our stockholders vote “FOR” the merger proposal.

 

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PROPOSAL 2

ADVISORY COMPENSATION PROPOSAL

Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 and Rule 14a-21(c) under the Exchange Act, we are asking our stockholders to vote at the virtual special meeting on an advisory basis regarding the compensation that may be paid or become payable to our named executive officers that is based on or otherwise relates to the mergers. Information intended to comply with Item 402(t) of Regulation S-K concerning this compensation, subject to certain assumptions described therein (including that each named executive officer incurs a severance-qualifying termination immediately following the merger effective time), is presented under “The Mergers—Interests of Our Directors and Executive Officers in the Mergers—Quantification of Potential Payments to Our Named Executive Officers in Connection with the Mergers.”

The stockholder vote on this advisory compensation proposal is an advisory vote only, and it is not binding on us or our board of directors. Further, the underlying arrangements are contractual in nature and not, by their terms, subject to stockholder approval. Accordingly, regardless of the outcome of the advisory vote, if the mergers are completed, our named executive officers will be eligible to receive the compensation that may be paid or become payable to our named executive officers that is based on or otherwise relates to the mergers. Approval of this proposal is not a condition to the completion of the mergers.

We are asking our stockholders to vote “FOR” the following resolution:

“RESOLVED, that American Campus Communities, Inc.’s stockholders approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that may be paid or become payable to the named executive officers of American Campus Communities, Inc. that is based on or otherwise relates to the mergers, as disclosed pursuant to Item 402(t) of Regulation S-K under “The Mergers—Interests of Our Directors and Executive Officers in the Mergers—Quantification of Potential Payments to Our Named Executive Officers in Connection with the Mergers” beginning on page 60 (which disclosure includes the Golden Parachute Compensation Table required pursuant to Item 402(t) of Regulation S-K).”

Adoption of the above resolution, on a non-binding, advisory basis, requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast on the proposal. If you properly authorize your proxy by mail, by telephone or through the Internet, but do not indicate instructions to vote your shares “FOR,” “AGAINST” or “ABSTAIN” on this Proposal 2, your shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendation of our board of directors, which is “FOR” this Proposal 2. An abstention or failure to vote on this proposal will have no effect on the approval of this proposal.

Recommendation of the Board of Directors

Our board of directors unanimously recommends that our stockholders vote “FOR” the advisory compensation proposal to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that may be paid or become payable to our named executive officers that is based on or otherwise relates to the mergers.

 

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PROPOSAL 3

ADJOURNMENT PROPOSAL

We are asking our stockholders to vote on a proposal to approve any adjournments of the virtual special meeting for the purpose of soliciting additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes at the virtual special meeting to approve the merger proposal.

Approval of the adjournment proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast on the proposal. Approval of this proposal is not a condition to the completion of the mergers. If you properly authorize your proxy by mail, by telephone or through the Internet, but do not indicate instructions to vote your shares “FOR,” “AGAINST” or “ABSTAIN” on this Proposal 3, your shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendation of our board of directors, which is “FOR” this Proposal 3. An abstention or failure to vote on this proposal will have no effect on the approval of this proposal.

Recommendation of the Board of Directors

Our board of directors unanimously recommends that our stockholders vote “FOR” the adjournment proposal.

 

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THE PARTIES TO THE MERGERS

American Campus Communities, Inc.

12700 Hill Country Blvd., Suite T-200

Austin, Texas 78738

(512) 732-1000

We commenced operations effective with the completion of an initial public offering on August 17, 2004 and elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2004. We are one of the largest owners, managers, and developers of high quality student housing properties in the United States in terms of beds owned and under management. We are a fully integrated, self-managed, and self-administered equity REIT with expertise in the acquisition, design, financing, development, construction management, leasing, and management of student housing properties. As of June 14, 2022, we owned 166 student housing properties containing approximately 111,900 beds. Including our owned and third-party managed properties, our total managed portfolio consisted of 205 properties with approximately 143,300 beds as of June 14, 2022.

American Campus Communities, Inc.’s common stock is listed on the NYSE and trades under the symbol “ACC.”

American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP

12700 Hill Country Blvd., Suite T-200

Austin, Texas 78738

(512) 732-1000

The Partnership is a Maryland limited partnership formed on July 14, 2004. As of June 14, 2022, we and our subsidiaries owned approximately 99.6% of the ownership interest in the Partnership, representing all ownership interests in the Partnership except for 371,332 common partnership units and 35,242 preferred partnership units. The Company controls the Partnership through its 100% ownership of the sole general partner and conducts substantially all of its business through the Partnership. As the only member of the sole general partner of the Partnership, we generally have the exclusive power under the partnership agreement of the Partnership to manage and conduct the Partnership’s business, and our board of directors manages the Partnership and the Company’s business and affairs.

Abacus Parent LLC

c/o Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

345 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10154

(212) 583-5000

Parent, a Delaware limited liability company, was formed solely for the purpose of acquiring us and has not carried on any activities to date, except for activities incidental to its formation and activities undertaken in connection with the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement. Parent is an affiliate of each of BREIT and BPP, which are affiliates of Blackstone.

BREIT is a perpetual-life, institutional quality real estate investment platform that brings private real estate to income focused investors. BREIT invests primarily in stabilized, income generating U.S. commercial real estate across key property types and to a lesser extent in real estate debt investments. BREIT is externally managed by a subsidiary of Blackstone (NYSE: BX), a global leader in real estate investing. BPP is a perpetual-life, open-ended, institutional quality real estate fund with a focus on high-quality assets in the Americas, Europe and Asia. Blackstone’s real estate business was founded in 1991 and has approximately $298 billion in investor capital under management. Further information is available at www.breit.com and www.blackstone.com/our-businesses/real-estate/.

 

27

Abacus Merger Sub I LLC

c/o Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

345 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10154

(212) 583-5000

Merger Sub I, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent, was formed solely for purposes of facilitating Parent’s acquisition of us and has not carried on any activities to date, except for activities incidental to its formation and activities undertaken in connection with the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement. Pursuant to the merger agreement, on the closing date, we will merge with and into Merger Sub I, and Merger Sub I will continue as the Surviving Company.

Abacus Merger Sub II LLC

c/o Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

345 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10154

(212) 583-5000

Merger Sub II, a Maryland limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of Merger Sub I, was formed solely for purposes of facilitating Parent’s acquisition of us and has not carried on any activities to date, except for activities incidental to its formation and activities undertaken in connection with the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement. Pursuant to the merger agreement, on the closing date, Merger Sub II will merge with and into the Partnership, and the Partnership will continue as the Surviving Partnership.

 

28

THE SPECIAL MEETING

Date, Time and Purpose of the Special Meeting

This proxy statement is being furnished to our stockholders in connection with the solicitation of proxies by our board of directors to be exercised at a virtual special meeting to be held on August 4, 2022 at 10:00 a.m., Central Time. To access the virtual special meeting, stockholders should visit register.proxypush.com/acc. The virtual special meeting will be held in a virtual-only meeting format. You will need the latest versions of Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer, Edge or Firefox. Please ensure your browser is compatible. As a stockholder, you will then be required to enter your control number from your proxy card or broker’s notice. After registering, you will receive a confirmation email. Approximately one hour prior to the start of the meeting an email will be sent to the email address you provided during registration with a unique link to the virtual meeting.

The purpose of the virtual special meeting is for you to consider and vote on the following matters:

 

1.

To consider and vote on a proposal to approve the merger of American Campus Communities, Inc. with and into Abacus Merger Sub I LLC pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 18, 2022, as it may be amended from time to time, by and among Abacus Parent LLC, Abacus Merger Sub I LLC, Abacus Merger Sub II LLC, American Campus Communities, Inc. and American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP;

 

2.

To consider and vote on a proposal to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that may be paid or become payable to our named executive officers that is based on or otherwise relates to the mergers; and

 

3.

To consider and vote on a proposal to approve any adjournment of the virtual special meeting for the purpose of soliciting additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes at the virtual special meeting to approve the merger proposal.

Pursuant to our bylaws, only the matters set forth in the notice of virtual special meeting may be brought before the virtual special meeting. The affirmative vote of the holders of our common stock entitled to cast a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter at the virtual special meeting is required to approve the merger proposal and for the mergers to occur. A copy of the merger agreement is attached as Annex A to this proxy statement, which we encourage you to read carefully in its entirety.

Record Date, Notice and Quorum

All holders of record of our common stock as of the record date, which was the close of business on June 14, 2022, are entitled to receive notice of and attend and vote at the virtual special meeting or any postponement or adjournment of the virtual special meeting. Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote on each matter presented at the virtual special meeting for each share of common stock that such holder owned as of the record date. On the record date, our outstanding voting securities consisted of 139,483,032 shares of common stock and 1,171,141 unvested restricted stock awards entitled to be voted by employees.

The presence in person or by proxy of our stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast at the virtual special meeting will constitute a quorum for purposes of the virtual special meeting. Virtual attendance at the virtual special meeting constitutes presence in person for quorum purposes at the virtual special meeting. A quorum is necessary to transact business at the virtual special meeting. Abstentions will be counted as shares present for the purposes of determining the presence of a quorum.

Required Vote

Completion of the mergers requires approval of the merger proposal by the affirmative vote of the holders of our common stock entitled to cast a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter at the virtual

 

29

special meeting. Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote on each matter presented at the virtual special meeting for each share of common stock that such holder owned as of the record date. Because the required vote for the merger proposal is based on the number of votes our stockholders are entitled to cast rather than on the number of votes cast, if you fail to authorize a proxy to vote your shares or vote at the virtual special meeting (including by abstaining), or fail to instruct your broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote, such failure will have the same effect as voting against the merger proposal.

In addition, the approval of the advisory compensation proposal and the adjournment proposal each requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast on the proposal. Approval of these proposals is not a condition to completion of the mergers. For the purpose of each of these proposals, if you fail to authorize a proxy to vote your shares or vote at the virtual special meeting, or fail to instruct your broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote, it will not have any effect on the outcome of such proposals. Abstentions are not considered votes cast and therefore will have no effect on the outcome of these proposals.

Accordingly, in order for your shares to be voted, if you are a stockholder of record, you must either return the enclosed proxy card, authorize your proxy or voting instructions by telephone or through the Internet or vote at the virtual special meeting.

As of the record date, our directors and executive officers owned and are entitled to vote an aggregate of approximately 1,218,039 shares of our common stock, entitling them to exercise approximately 0.9% of the total combined voting power of our common stock at the virtual special meeting. Our directors and executive officers have informed us that they intend to vote the shares of our common stock that they own in favor of the merger proposal, in favor of the advisory compensation proposal and in favor of the adjournment proposal, although they have no obligation to do so.

Votes cast by proxy or at the virtual special meeting will be counted by the person appointed by us to act as inspector of election for the virtual special meeting. The inspector of election will also determine the number of shares of common stock represented at the virtual special meeting, virtually or by proxy.

How to Authorize a Proxy

Holders of record of our common stock may vote or cause their shares to be voted by proxy using one of the following methods:

 

•

mark, sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card by mail;

 

•

authorize your proxy or voting instructions by telephone or through the Internet by following the instructions included with your proxy card; or

 

•

attend the virtual special meeting and vote during the live webcast.

Regardless of whether you plan to attend the virtual special meeting, we request that you authorize a proxy for your shares as described above as promptly as possible.

Under NYSE rules, all of the proposals in this proxy statement are non-routine matters, so there can be no broker non-votes at the virtual special meeting. A broker non-vote occurs when shares held by a broker, bank or other nominee are represented at a meeting, but the broker, bank or other nominee has not received voting instructions from the beneficial owner and does not have the discretion to direct the voting of the shares on a particular proposal but has discretionary voting power on other proposals at such meeting. Accordingly, if you own common stock through a broker, bank or other nominee (i.e., in “street name”), you must provide voting instructions in accordance with the instructions on the voting instruction card that your broker, bank or other nominee provides to you, as brokers, banks and other nominees do not have discretionary voting authority with respect to any of the three proposals described in this proxy statement. You should instruct your broker, bank or other nominee as to how to vote your shares following the directions contained in such voting instruction card. If

 

30

you have not received such voting instructions or require further information regarding such voting instructions, contact your broker, bank or other nominee who can give you directions on how to vote your shares. If you hold your shares through a broker, bank or other nominee, you may also vote at the virtual special meeting. Because the merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of the holders of our common stock entitled to cast a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter at the virtual special meeting, the failure to provide your bank, broker or other nominee with voting instructions will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the merger proposal. Because the approval of the advisory compensation proposal and the adjournment proposal each requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast on such proposal, and because your bank, broker or other nominee does not have discretionary authority to vote on either proposal, the failure to provide your bank, broker or other nominee with voting instructions will have no effect on approval of either proposal, assuming a quorum is present.

Proxies and Revocation

If you authorize a proxy, your shares will be voted at the virtual special meeting as you indicate on your proxy. If no instructions are indicated when you authorize your proxy, your shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of our board of directors. Our board of directors recommends that you vote “FOR” the merger proposal, “FOR” the advisory compensation proposal and “FOR” the adjournment proposal.

You may revoke your proxy at any time, but only before the proxy is voted at the virtual special meeting, in any of three ways:

 

•

by delivering, prior to the date of the virtual special meeting, a written revocation of your proxy dated after the date of the proxy that is being revoked to our Secretary at 12700 Hill Country Boulevard, Suite T-200, Austin, Texas 78738, Attention: Investor Relations;

 

•

by delivering to our Secretary a later-dated, duly executed proxy or by authorizing your proxy by telephone or by Internet at a date after the date of the previously authorized proxy relating to the same shares of common stock; or

 

•

by attending and voting at the virtual special meeting.

Attendance at the virtual special meeting will not, in itself, constitute revocation of a previously granted proxy. If you own common stock in “street name,” you may revoke or change previously granted voting instructions by following the instructions provided by the broker, bank or other nominee that is the registered owner of the shares or by attending and voting at the virtual special meeting.

Pursuant to our bylaws, only the matters set forth in the notice of virtual special meeting may be brought before the virtual special meeting.

Solicitation of Proxies

We will bear the cost of solicitation of proxies for the virtual special meeting. In addition to the use of mail, proxies may be solicited by personal interview, telephone, facsimile, e-mail or otherwise, by our officers, directors and other employees, for which they will not receive additional compensation. We have engaged MacKenzie Partners to assist in the solicitation of proxies for a fee of $30,000, plus reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses, and we have agreed to indemnify MacKenzie Partners against certain losses, costs and expenses. We also will request persons, firms and corporations holding shares in their names, or in the names of their nominees, that are beneficially owned by others to send or cause to be sent proxy materials to, and obtain proxies from, such beneficial owners and will reimburse such holders for their reasonable expenses in so doing.

Adjournments

Our bylaws permit the chairman of the virtual special meeting, acting in his or her own discretion and without any action by our stockholders, to adjourn the virtual special meeting (whether or not a quorum is

 

31

present) to a later date and time and at a place announced at the virtual special meeting. In either case, the adjourned meeting may take place without further notice other than by an announcement made at the virtual special meeting unless the adjournment is for more than 120 days after the original record date or if, after the adjournment, a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, in which case a notice of the adjourned meeting will be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the virtual special meeting (subject to certain restrictions in the merger agreement, including that the virtual special meeting generally may not be held, without Parent’s consent, on a date that is more than 30 days after the date on which the virtual special meeting was originally scheduled).

Postponements

At any time prior to convening the virtual special meeting, we may postpone the virtual special meeting for any reason without the approval of our stockholders to a date not more than 120 days after the original record date (subject to certain restrictions in the merger agreement, including that the virtual special meeting generally may not be held, without Parent’s consent, on a date that is more than 30 days after the date on which the virtual special meeting was originally scheduled).

 

32

THE MERGERS

General Description of the Mergers

Under the terms of the merger agreement, affiliates of Blackstone will acquire us and our subsidiaries, including the Partnership, through the merger of us with and into Merger Sub I and the merger of Merger Sub II with and into the Partnership. Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, Merger Sub II will merge with and into the Partnership, with the Partnership continuing as the Surviving Partnership. Immediately following the partnership merger effective time, we will merge with and into Merger Sub I, with Merger Sub I continuing as the Surviving Company.

This proxy statement does not constitute any solicitation of consents in respect of the partnership merger, and does not constitute an offer to exchange any limited partnership units.

Background of the Mergers

Our board of directors regularly evaluates our strategic direction and ongoing business plans and reviews possible ways of increasing long-term stockholder value. As part of these evaluations, our board of directors periodically assesses our competitive position and actively monitors industry trends, our short- and long-term operating performance, our stock price performance, our total stockholder return, our net asset value (“NAV”) and potential strategic and financial initiatives.

Our long-term strategy has focused on the ownership and operation of differentiated, typically highly amenitized, student housing communities or development opportunities in close proximity to university campuses with high barriers to entry that are projected to experience substantial increases in enrollment and/or are under-serviced in terms of existing on and/or off-campus student housing. Since implementing this strategy, we remained aware of our numerous challenges as the only remaining publicly-traded U.S. REIT focused on student housing properties, the difficulty in expanding our portfolio in the context of a competitive student housing industry particularly in light of the volatility of real estate values, interest rates and capitalization rates, and the discount to estimated NAV at which our common stock has recently traded. These factors, among others, have adversely impacted, and could continue to adversely impact, our ability to raise capital to fund future acquisitions and development activities at an optimal cost of capital or without creating significant dilution for our stockholders.

In November 2020, Jonathan Litt, the Founder and Chief Investment Officer of Land & Buildings Capital Growth Fund, LP, a fund managed by Land & Buildings Investment Management, LLC (“Land & Buildings”), initiated discussion with our board and senior management regarding the Company’s valuation and strategic objectives, as well as other operational and governance matters. On December 8, 2020, Land & Buildings submitted a notice to the Company regarding its intent to nominate three people for election to our board at the 2021 annual stockholder meeting. On December 8, 2020, the closing price of our common stock was $43.01 per share.

In December 2020, the Company engaged BofA Securities to assist the Company and our board in connection with the actions of Land & Buildings and our ongoing efforts to add additional expertise to our board as well as our ongoing review of strategic and financial initiatives based on BofA Securities’ knowledge of and experience with the Company in light of having regularly advised us on a range of matters. Throughout December 2020 and January 2021, our board’s nominating and corporate governance committee conducted a search process for additional independent directors. During this time, the nominating and corporate governance committee considered 14 candidates and conducted interviews with nine of these candidates, including Land & Buildings’ three prospective nominees.

On January 27, 2021, we entered into a cooperation agreement with Land & Buildings, pursuant to which the board appointed Messrs. Bulls and Leupold and Ms. Hill to the Board, who were three of the candidates

 

33

identified by the Company. The board also established a capital allocation committee of four members: Mr. Leupold as its chair, Ms. Hill, Ms. Donnell and Mr. Rippel. On January 27, 2021 the closing price of our common stock was $40.60 per share. The Company publicly disclosed the cooperation agreement on a Form 8-K on January 28, 2021.

Throughout 2021, our management and board and its committees focused their time and efforts on the re-stabilization of operations despite the challenges presented by the global pandemic and, as we do in the normal course of our business, continued discussions with BofA Securities and Dentons, the Company’s outside legal counsel, regarding the evaluation of our stock price performance, total stockholder return, NAV and potential strategic and financial initiatives.

On November 1, 2021, Mr. Litt sent a letter to Ms. Donnell and Mr. Leupold that, among other things, informed the Company that Land & Buildings intended to nominate Mr. Litt for election to the board at our 2022 annual shareholders meeting. Ms. Donnell and Mr. Leupold shared this letter with our other directors. Thereafter throughout November 2021, members of our board and management engaged in further correspondence and discussions with Mr. Litt and Corey Lorinsky, an employee of Land & Buildings.

On November 3, 2021, our board of directors held a meeting, with members of senior management and representatives of Dentons and BofA Securities in attendance. Our management reviewed and discussed with our board a preliminary draft of our projections for 2022 through 2027 and the assumptions used to prepare the projections, which information was prepared by management in the normal course of our business and historically provided to our board at regularly-scheduled quarterly meetings. Representatives of BofA Securities discussed with our board of directors their preliminary financial analysis of the Company, including current estimates of our NAV, as well as strategic alternatives that might be available to the Company, including remaining a standalone independent public company or selling or entering into joint ventures with respect to certain of our properties. The board also discussed the recent correspondence from Mr. Litt.

On November 15, 2021, our board of directors, with members of management, Dentons and BofA Securities in attendance, met to further discuss Land & Buildings’ intention to nominate Mr. Litt to our board and was updated as to conversations between Mr. Litt and members of our capital allocation committee and management.

During the third and fourth quarters of 2021, we conducted a competitive process among institutional investors for our capital recycling activity through a joint venture for the ownership of our existing eight-property Arizona State University (ASU) on-campus student housing portfolio, seven of which were developed by us in our public-private partnership program, or “P3.” This resulted in our entering into an agreement with Harrison Street’s Social Infrastructure Platform on December 30, 2021 and provided evidence to us of potentially higher valuations on our P3 on-campus assets than had been seen in prior transactions with other student housing companies. This transaction was announced on January 13, 2022, on which date the closing price of our common stock was $56.01 per share.

On December 2, 2021, our board held a meeting, with representatives of management, Dentons and BofA Securities in attendance. The board further discussed Land & Buildings’ intention to nominate Mr. Litt to our board and was updated as to conversations between Mr. Litt and members of our capital allocation committee.

During the week of December 6, 2021, William W. Talbot, our Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, held a series of meetings in New York City with various potential investors and industry participants to discuss general developments in the student housing industry, which senior management historically has done in the normal course of our business. Also during these meetings, Mr. Talbot discussed our then current strategic initiative to identify third party equity for growth opportunities. As a part of this process, on December 8, 2021, at the request of the Company, a representative of Blackstone met with Mr. Talbot during which this strategic initiative and other potential joint venture opportunities between Blackstone and the Company were discussed. The Blackstone representative expressed Blackstone’s interest in the student housing

 

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sector, noting that Blackstone owned student housing properties, but informed Mr. Talbot that Blackstone was not interested at that time in engaging in a joint venture transaction. A potential acquisition of the Company was not discussed. Mr. Talbot reviewed these discussions with potential investors and industry participants with Mr. Bayless, and thereafter Messrs. Bayless and Talbot updated the members of our board with respect thereto.

On December 13, 2021, Land & Buildings issued a press release announcing that it had sent an open letter to the Company’s shareholders and would be hosting a conference call on December 16, 2021 to discuss the contents of its letter. On December 13, 2021 the closing price of our common stock was $55.04 per share. The letter advocated for asset sales by the Company and stated that Land & Buildings would be nominating a director for the board at the 2022 annual meeting. On December 15, 2021, the board held a meeting, with members of management, Dentons and BofA Securities in attendance, to discuss the Land & Buildings letter and potential responses.

On December 17, 2021, Land & Buildings sent a letter to the Company nominating Mr. Lorinsky for election to our board at the 2022 annual meeting of shareholders and also publicly filed documentation with the SEC stating Land & Buildings’ intent to solicit votes for Mr. Lorinsky at the 2022 annual meeting.

On January 4, 2022, our board held a meeting, with representatives of senior management and Dentons in attendance. At this meeting, the directors discussed Land & Buildings’ nomination of Mr. Lorinsky for election to the board, and was informed that the members of the nominating and corporate governance committee recommended against the nomination. Following a discussion of Mr. Lorinsky’s candidacy, the board determined not to nominate him to the board. On January 5, 2022, Ms. Donnell and Mr. Luck sent a letter to Mr. Litt informing Mr. Litt that after careful consideration the board did not intend to move forward with Mr. Lorinsky’s candidacy and requested that Land & Buildings withdraw its director nomination and continue to engage privately and constructively with the Company’s board and management team.

On February 10, 2022, in light of the valuation of our P3 properties in the Harrison Street joint venture transaction, we initiated a discussion with a strategic buyer in the student housing industry (“Party A”) to solicit an indicative analysis of value of our entire P3 property portfolio, which constitutes a significant portion of our assets, for use in potential future sale or joint venture transactions involving some or all of the Company’s P3 properties, including in furtherance of enhancing our strategic capital platform.

On February 15, 2022, the Company received an unsolicited letter from Land & Buildings in which Land & Buildings stated it was “indicating its willingness to offer to acquire” the Company for $57.00 per share. On February 15, 2022, the closing price of our common stock was $50.35 per share.

On February 16, 2022, following discussions among members of the Board, management and the Company’s advisors, we issued a press release (1) disclosing that the Company had received a nomination of Mr. Lorinsky from Land & Buildings, (2) providing an update on the Company’s extensive engagement with Land & Buildings, including the receipt of the February 15 letter and our board’s view that Land & Buildings lacked the capital capacity and transaction experience to execute an acquisition of the Company, and (3) stating that our board is resolute in its commitment to acting in the best interest of stockholders, and would always consider and respond to a bona fide, actionable proposal from a credible potential counterparty that maximizes value for stockholders.

We and Party A executed a confidentiality agreement on February 18, 2022 regarding the provision of information relating to our P3 property portfolio, which did not include a “standstill” provision. Thereafter, we provided materials to Party A relating to property-level performance for the limited purpose of analyzing our P3 property portfolio.

On February 22, 2022, Mr. Talbot received an unsolicited telephone call from a representative of a financial buyer (“Party B”), to, in light of the public disclosure of the overtures from Land & Buildings, request that if the

 

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Company were to engage in a sale process, Party B be included in such a process. The representative of Party B did not provide Mr. Talbot with an indication of value, its proposed sources of capital or a proposed transaction structure. Mr. Talbot informed Party B that he would inform Mr. Bayless and the other members of the board of the discussion, which was subsequently done. There were no additional discussions between the Company and Party B, or their respective representatives, until BofA Securities contacted Party B on March 15, 2022 at the direction of our board, as discussed below.

On February 28, 2022, a representative of Blackstone called a representative of BofA Securities to express Blackstone’s high degree of interest in the potential acquisition of the Company, noting that Blackstone had performed initial due diligence based on publicly available information. The representative of BofA Securities stated that he would convey Blackstone’s interest to the Company, but that he did not believe the Company would consider any proposal unless the price exceeded the $57.00 per share price proposed by Land & Buildings. Blackstone’s representative stated that Blackstone could quickly complete its due diligence review and indicated that Blackstone would not require any financing contingency if the Company were to pursue a transaction with Blackstone.

By letter dated March 1, 2022 from Ms. Donnell to Land & Buildings, Ms. Donnell requested information regarding Land & Buildings’ sources and uses of funding and informed Land & Buildings that the board did not believe the proposed price appropriately valued the Company. On March 1, 2022, the closing price of our common stock was $53.24 per share.

Also on March 1, 2022, Party A submitted a preliminary non-binding indicative value analysis of our P3 property portfolio based on applying a fixed discount rate to all of our P3 properties, with a caveat that any upward movement in interest rates would significantly impact the analysis.

On March 2, 2022, our board of directors held a meeting, with members of senior management and representatives of Dentons and BofA Securities in attendance. Representatives of BofA Securities discussed with our board of directors the current interest rate, capital market and M&A environments as well as the February 28, 2022 discussion with Blackstone. The board also discussed the recent correspondence with Mr. Litt and the indicative value analysis of our P3 property portfolio from Party A.

On March 14, 2022, our board held a meeting with members of senior management and representatives of Dentons and BofA Securities in attendance. At the meeting, BofA Securities provided our board with an overview of general market trends in the student housing real estate industry and the broader REIT market, including the fact that our shares generally traded in the public markets at a discount to our NAV, certain publicly available information regarding implied premiums paid in selected precedent transactions in the REIT industry, and strategic alternatives that may be available to us, including a sale of the Company, remaining a standalone public company or selling or entering into joint ventures with respect to some of our properties. Management reviewed with our board an updated version of managements’ projections for 2022 through 2027, reflecting the 2022 budget and 2021 actual data (the “updated management financial projections”), which are discussed in more detail under “—Unaudited Prospective Financial Information.” Representatives of BofA Securities then discussed with our board of directors their preliminary financial analysis of the Company and, among other items, current capital and other market and geopolitical conditions and their potential impact on the Company and a sale transaction. A discussion ensued among the directors, management, Dentons, and BofA Securities regarding, among other things, risks and considerations related to opportunities to grow our business, challenges we face and that could arise in the future, the cost of obtaining capital and the amount of capital needed to acquire all of our common stock for cash. The board also considered factors that indicated it was an opportune time to engage in a sale of the Company, including, among others, favorable valuations in recent precedent transactions in the REIT industry, the indicative value analysis of our P3 property portfolio prepared by Party A and the risks inherent in delaying any sale in light of recent increases in interest rates and the likelihood that capitalization and interest rates would continue to rise, which would make it more expensive for a potential buyer to finance a transaction at a later time, changes in geopolitical conditions and the other challenges

 

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currently facing the Company. Members of our senior management also reviewed and discussed with our board of directors potential risks to the Company from leaks that may result from reaching out to potential bidders to acquire the Company, which could result in damage to our relationships with our university partners, and determined that any sale transaction should be conducted in an expeditious manner in order to mitigate such risks. A representative of Dentons reviewed the directors’ duties under Maryland law in connection with a potential acquisition of the Company and representatives of Dentons and BofA Securities discussed with the board various potential processes for a sale transaction, such as a reduced termination fee for a period of time after entering into a merger agreement to facilitate competing proposals from other bidders while having a binding agreement to sell the Company. After discussion, the board authorized BofA Securities to initiate discussions with Party B and Blackstone, which were viewed as parties whose size and investment experience demonstrated they could be credible bidders for the Company, to determine if either was interested in providing its views on the valuation of the Company. The board also authorized the Company to enter into confidentiality agreements with Blackstone and Party B and to provide them with diligence materials, and instructed BofA Securities to inform Ms. Donnell, as the chair of our board, and Mr. Leupold, as the chair of the capital allocation committee of our board, of any responses from Party B and Blackstone. Our board also directed members of management to refrain from having discussions with Blackstone and Party B regarding the roles or compensation, if any, of management following the closing of any transaction. Management agreed not to engage in such discussions.

On March 14, 2022, as directed by our board, representatives of BofA Securities called a representative of Blackstone and a representative of Party B to explore each’s interest in providing its views regarding the valuation of the Company, and subsequently sent to each a draft confidentiality agreement. BofA Securities notified our management, Ms. Donnell, Mr. Leupold and Dentons of these conversations.

On March 17, 2022, Blackstone entered into a confidentiality agreement with the Company, which contained a customary “standstill” provision that prevented Blackstone from, among other things, making a proposal with respect to an acquisition of the Company except on a confidential basis to the Company. On March 18, 2022, a representative of BofA Securities emailed a representative of Blackstone requesting that, if Blackstone was interested in providing a view on valuation, to respond by March 25, 2022 and include Blackstone’s key valuation assumptions and thinking around the financing related to the potential transaction. The representative of BofA Securities also offered to arrange due diligence calls with management. Commencing on March 18, 2022, the Company provided due diligence materials to Blackstone, and members of management, with the participation of representatives of BofA Securities, had multiple discussions with representatives of Blackstone regarding Blackstone’s due diligence review of the Company and its business.

During a telephone conversation initiated by a representative of Party B on March 22, 2022, Party B informed BofA Securities that Party B declined to execute a confidentiality agreement or to further engage regarding the potential acquisition of the Company because, among other matters, due to recent volatility and deterioration in the debt and financial markets, Party B did not think it would be able to obtain sufficient financing on favorable terms in order to be able to enter into an agreement for an acquisition of the Company at this time.

On March 24, 2022, our board of directors was provided a letter from BofA Securities with respect to certain relationships with Blackstone, which we refer to as the “BofA Securities Disclosure Letter.”

On March 25, 2022, Blackstone provided a letter to our board, proposing to acquire all of our outstanding common stock for $63.00 per share in cash (representing an approximate 16% premium to the $54.41 per share closing price of the Company’s common stock on March 24, 2022). The letter stated that Blackstone would proceed without any financing contingency and was prepared to complete its remaining confirmatory due diligence and concurrently negotiate a definitive merger agreement within two weeks. Blackstone separately confirmed to BofA Securities that Blackstone was prepared to move expeditiously and use the fully negotiated agreement from Blackstone’s recently announced acquisition of Preferred Apartment Communities, Inc. as a precedent agreement for the proposed transaction with the Company.

 

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On March 25, 2022, Land & Buildings filed a preliminary proxy statement with the SEC in connection with its nomination of Mr. Lorinsky to the board at the 2022 annual stockholder meeting.

On March 27 and 29, 2022, our board held meetings with members of our senior management team and representatives from BofA Securities and Dentons in attendance. During the meeting, representatives of BofA Securities reviewed with our board the discussions with Blackstone and Party B since the last meeting of our board on March 14, including the terms of Blackstone’s proposal and the fact that Party B declined to further engage regarding a potential acquisition of the Company, and that no other parties had expressed interest in acquiring the Company following the Company’s press release of February 16, 2022 relating to the Land & Buildings proposal, and that there had been no engagement with Land & Buildings since that date. Representatives of BofA Securities then discussed with our board of directors an update to their preliminary financial analysis of the Company and, among other items, current capital and other market and geopolitical conditions and their potential impact on the Company and a sale transaction. A discussion ensued among the directors, management and our outside counsel and financial advisor regarding, among other things, risks and considerations related to opportunities to grow our business, challenges we face and that could arise in the future, the cost of obtaining capital, reasons why Blackstone might be able to realize more value from the business than another bidder and thereby pay a higher price to acquire the Company, including Blackstone’s low cost of capital, substantial available capital and interest in student housing properties and platform, and the amount of capital needed to acquire all of our common stock for cash. Our board of directors discussed with management and our advisors the best process for maximizing stockholder value if the Company were to be sold, including whether a competitive bidding process would yield a higher price than Blackstone’s proposal and the use of a two-tiered termination fee structure to facilitate competing bids after signing a merger agreement, as well as benefits and risks to the Company and its business posed by contacting other potential bidders, including the risk that engaging with or contacting other potential bidders prior to signing a definitive agreement with Blackstone could jeopardize the availability of Blackstone’s proposal. Our board also discussed with management and our advisors other potential risks and considerations that included the lack of public strategic buyers as the Company is the only public student housing company, the limited universe of potential third parties with the financial ability to acquire the Company in light of the size of the Company, the recent increase in interest rates and the expectation that interest rates would continue to rise, which would make it more expensive for a potential buyer to finance a transaction, concerns about the possibility of a leak that the Company was exploring a possible sale disrupting our university relationships including our ability to pursue P3 transactions during a period of uncertainty and risking employee turnover. Following further discussion, our board of directors determined that it was in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to continue to engage in discussions with Blackstone and directed Ms. Donnell and Mr. Leupold to present Blackstone with a counterproposal for a purchase price of $66.00 per share of common stock in cash.

During the March 27, 2022 board meeting, representatives of BofA Securities described its qualifications and experience with these types of transactions. Following the departure of the BofA Securities representatives from the meeting, our board discussed with management and a representative of Dentons the contemplated engagement of BofA Securities as our financial advisor with respect to a potential sale of the Company, BofA Securities’ relationships with Blackstone and the fees to be paid to BofA Securities in connection with their engagement. After considering the overall reputation, experience and qualifications of BofA Securities, as well as BofA Securities’ knowledge of the student housing and broader real estate market and our business and properties in particular, and information provided by BofA Securities in the BofA Securities Disclosure Letter as discussed under “—Opinion of Our Financial Advisor,” our board unanimously approved the engagement of BofA Securities as our financial advisor with respect to a potential sale of the Company and authorized management and Dentons to finalize the engagement letter with BofA Securities.

Also during these meetings, the directors and a representative of Dentons discussed the best way to proceed with future negotiations with Blackstone given the directors’ view that expediting the transaction process would be critical to minimizing risks to the Company. Our board determined to form a special committee of directors consisting of independent directors (Mss. Donnell and Hill and Messrs. Leupold and Rippel) in order to

 

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expeditiously evaluate and handle future negotiations with Blackstone. Our board also discussed the interests of our executive officers in the mergers that are different from, or in addition to, those of our stockholders generally, as discussed under “—Interests of our Directors and Executive Officers in the Mergers.”

On March 30, 2022, Ms. Donnell and Mr. Leupold, joined by Mr. Bayless and a representative of BofA Securities, communicated the Company’s counteroffer of $66.00 per share of common stock in cash to representatives of Blackstone. A representative of Blackstone stated that, if it were provided with additional due diligence information, Blackstone may be able to increase its $63.00 per share price, and the representative of BofA Securities indicated that the Company was prepared to provide access to additional due diligence information so that Blackstone could seek to improve its price.

On March 31, 2022, representatives of the Company and Blackstone met in person at our corporate office in Austin, Texas as part of Blackstone’s ongoing due diligence review.

On April 5, 2022, a representative of Blackstone verbally communicated to representatives of BofA Securities that Blackstone was prepared to increase its purchase price from $63.00 to $65.00 per share (representing an approximate 15% premium to the $56.74 per share closing price of the Company’s common stock on April 4, 2022), which was confirmed in a letter received that day from Blackstone addressed to our board.

Also on April 5, 2022, our board held a meeting with members of our senior management team and representatives from BofA Securities and Dentons in attendance. During the meeting, the Company’s board received an update regarding the discussions with Blackstone since the meeting of our board on March 27, including the increase in price in Blackstone’s revised proposal. BofA Securities reviewed recent geopolitical risks and interest rate and market volatility, as well as an update to the financial analysis of the common stock consideration. The group reviewed discussions held at earlier meetings regarding the performance of the Company’s business and its prospects as an independent company and concluded that there was a risk that Blackstone could withdraw or adversely modify its proposal, particularly in light of the limited number of third parties with the financial ability to acquire the Company for cash without a financing contingency given the size of the Company, and that the Company should continue to negotiate the Blackstone proposal on an expedited basis to protect the Company’s business and maximize stockholder value. The board authorized BofA Securities to let Blackstone know that the Company was prepared to continue discussions regarding a potential acquisition of the Company.

In light of Blackstone’s increased price, following the board meeting on April 5, 2022, a representative of BofA Securities called representatives of Blackstone and indicated that the Company was prepared to continue discussions with Blackstone regarding a potential acquisition of the Company.

Beginning on April 6, 2022, we opened a virtual data room to provide Blackstone with access to additional due diligence information and thereafter Blackstone continued its due diligence review and conducted site visits at a number of our properties, including our Disney project. As part of this due diligence review, which continued until the execution of the definitive merger agreement, the parties and their representatives engaged in various discussions regarding the Company and its business, operations, activities and financial information.

On April 8, 2022, Blackstone’s outside counsel, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP (“Simpson Thacher”), sent to Dentons drafts of a merger agreement, limited guaranty and equity commitment letter. The draft merger agreement contemplated that, among other things, (i) the Company would merge with and into a wholly owned subsidiary of an affiliate of Blackstone and another wholly owned subsidiary of an affiliate of Blackstone would merge with and into the Partnership, with the respective holders of shares of the Company’s common stock and units in the Partnership to receive the same cash consideration per share or unit, (ii) the Company would be subject to customary prohibitions on soliciting alternative proposals with a two-tier termination fee (equal to 2.0% of the Company’s equity value if the Company terminated the merger agreement within 40 days after signing the merger agreement with Blackstone to accept a superior proposal received during the first 30 days

 

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after signing the merger agreement with Blackstone, and otherwise 3.5% of the Company’s equity value ), along with matching rights if any superior proposal were received and a reverse termination fee of 9% of the Company’s equity value payable by Blackstone in certain circumstances as an exclusive remedy with no specific performance, (iii) the Company would not be permitted to pay any dividends other than those necessary to maintain REIT status with the per share purchase price being decreased by an amount equal to any such dividends, and (iv) subject to certain exceptions, the Company would be permitted flexibility to continue to operate in the ordinary course of business prior to closing.

On April 10, 2022, a representative of BofA Securities called representatives of Blackstone regarding the initial draft of the merger agreement provided by Simpson Thacher. As compared to Blackstone’s initial draft, the Company proposed that (i) the lower termination fee be reduced from 2.0% to 1.5% of the Company’s equity value if the Company terminated the merger agreement within 40 days after signing the merger agreement with Blackstone to accept a superior proposal received during the first 30 days after signing the merger agreement with Blackstone and otherwise from 3.5% to 3.0% of the Company’s equity value and (ii) that the Company be permitted to continue paying its regular quarterly dividends prior to the closing of a transaction.

On April 11, 2022, Dentons sent a revised draft of the merger agreement to Simpson Thacher which, among other things, contemplated the changes regarding termination fees and ability to pay dividends proposed by representatives of BofA Securities to representatives of Blackstone on the previous day.

Between April 11, 2022 and April 13, 2022, the special committee, with the assistance of Dentons and BofA Securities, and Blackstone, with the assistance of Simpson Thacher, continued to negotiate the terms of the merger agreement. The negotiations covered various aspects of the transaction, including, among other things, the representations and warranties made by the parties, the restriction on the conduct of the Company’s business until completion of the transaction, the conditions to completion of the mergers, the termination provisions and the amounts of termination fee payable by us, our ability to pay quarterly dividends between signing and closing, and provisions regarding our equity awards, employee benefit plans, retention, severance and other compensation matters. Blackstone confirmed that it would agree to accept the Company’s proposed two-tier termination fee of 1.5% and 3.0% of the Company’s equity value, but that the Company should not be permitted to pay any quarterly dividends between signing and closing. Blackstone continued its confirmatory due diligence until the execution of the merger agreement on April 18, 2022 and the parties continued to exchange drafts of the merger agreement and related documentation until then.

On April 11, 2022, our board received a letter from Mr. Litt notifying it that Land & Buildings was withdrawing its director nominee, which the Company publicly disclosed on a Form 8-K on April 13, 2022.

On April 12, 2022, Mss. Donnell and Hill, as members of the special committee and the chair of the board and compensation committee, respectively, and Mr. Bayless discussed and negotiated with Blackstone the terms of certain compensation and severance matters relating to the Company’s senior management and other employees relating to retention and continuity of operations, which are described elsewhere in this proxy statement.

On April 14, 2022, representatives of the special committee, Company management, Dentons and BofA Securities, and Blackstone and Simpson Thacher, discussed the terms of the merger agreement, including the Company’s position that it should be permitted to continue to pay regular quarterly dividends.

On April 16, 2022, our board met with members of our management team and representatives from BofA Securities and Dentons in attendance during which the special committee and our legal and financial advisors provided an update on the negotiations with Blackstone, including with respect to Blackstone’s proposed restriction on the Company paying dividends during the pendency of the merger agreement. The board discussed the terms of Blackstone’s latest proposal and agreed to respond by proposing either the right to pay the regular dividend of $0.47 per share for the first quarter after signing the merger agreement or a corresponding increase to the purchase price. Representatives of BofA Securities discussed Blackstone’s liquidity to support its equity commitment. Representatives of BofA Securities also presented to our board BofA Securities’ updated financial

 

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analysis of the common stock consideration. A representative of Dentons noted that BofA Securities had provided an update to BofA Securities Disclosure Letter identifying relationships between BofA Securities and Blackstone, a copy of which had been provided to the directors prior to this meeting, and summarized the merger agreement and other transaction documentation, copies of which had also been provided to the directors prior to this meeting, noting that they were substantially complete and it would be possible, if the board were to approve the transaction, to sign the merger agreement before the market opened on April 19, 2022, subject to resolution of the dividend payment issue.

Following the meeting, at the direction of the board, Ms. Donnell and Mr. Leupold verbally communicated our counterproposal to a representative of Blackstone regarding the quarterly dividend. On April 18, 2022, a representative of Blackstone informed Ms. Donnell and Mr. Leupold that Blackstone was prepared to increase the purchase price from $65.00 a share to $65.47 per share (representing a premium of approximately 22% to the 90-calendar day volume-weighted average share price ending April 18, 2022, a premium of approximately 30% over the closing stock price of February 16, 2022, the date immediately prior to the Company disclosing receipt of an indication of willingness to offer to acquire the Company, and a premium of approximately 14% over the closing stock price on April 18, 2022 of $57.58 per share) but that the Company would not be permitted to pay any regular quarterly dividends following the execution of the merger agreement.

On April 18, 2022, the special committee held a meeting with representatives of BofA Securities and Dentons in attendance. Ms. Donnell and Mr. Leupold informed the other members of the special committee of the response from Blackstone to increase the purchase price to $65.47 and prohibit subsequent dividends. After discussion, the special committee unanimously recommended that our board of directors approve the merger agreement with Blackstone.

Later in the day on April 18, 2022, our board of directors held a meeting with members of our management team and representatives from BofA Securities and Dentons in attendance. Ms. Donnell updated the board on the discussions with Blackstone and informed the board that the special committee had met earlier that day and unanimously recommended the approval of the merger agreement with Blackstone. A representative of Dentons reviewed with our board the duties of directors under applicable law and the application of those duties to the evaluation of a potential sale of the Company and the proposed terms of the merger agreement and other transaction documents and discussed the changes that had been made to the documents since the board of directors’ meeting held on April 16, 2022, which changes were reflected in marked copies of the documents provided to our board of directors in advance of the meeting. A representative of Dentons also reviewed certain employee-related matters that were addressed in the merger agreement, including the effect that the mergers would have on the Company’s existing employee benefits plans and outstanding equity awards and certain amounts that may be paid or become payable to the Company’s named executive officers as a result of the mergers and that the interests of our executive officers in the mergers that are different from, or in addition to, those of our stockholders generally, as discussed under “—Interests of our Directors and Executive Officers in the Mergers.” A representative of Dentons then reviewed with the board a proposed amendment to the Company’s bylaws that would make specified state and federal courts in Maryland the sole and exclusive forum for litigation relating to the Company’s internal affairs, including stockholder derivative suits and alleged breaches of duties owed to stockholders, and the federal district courts in the United States the sole and exclusive forum for litigation arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. BofA Securities then reviewed with our board BofA Securities’ financial analysis of the merger consideration to be paid to stockholders and rendered an oral opinion, confirmed by delivery of a written opinion dated April 18, 2022, to our board of directors to the effect that, as of that date and based on and subject to various assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations and qualifications described in the opinion, the merger consideration to be received by holders of the Company’s common stock was fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders (other than Parent and its affiliates). A representative of Dentons then reviewed the proposed resolutions prepared for the proposed transaction, including the engagement of KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. as an additional financial advisor to the Company. Following these presentations and discussions, and other discussions by our board of directors concerning, among other things, the matters described below under “—Reasons for the Mergers,”

 

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including our board of directors’ belief that the mergers are more favorable to our stockholders than other strategic transactions available to the Company, including remaining as an independent public company, our board of directors unanimously determined the mergers to be advisable, approved the mergers on the terms and conditions set forth in the merger agreement and resolved to recommend the approval of the mergers by our stockholders.

Following the board of directors’ meeting, BofA Securities contacted representatives of Blackstone to advise them that our board of directors had unanimously approved the proposed transaction.

During the evening of April 18, 2022, the Company, affiliates of Blackstone and the other parties thereto executed and delivered the merger agreement. The Company issued a press release publicly announcing the mergers and execution of the merger agreement before the opening of the market on April 19, 2022.

Reasons for the Mergers

In reaching its unanimous decision to determine and declare the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the mergers, to be advisable and in our and our stockholders’ best interests and to approve the execution, delivery and performance of the merger agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby, and to resolve to recommend that the holders of common stock approve the merger proposal, the board of directors consulted with our senior management team, as well as our financial and legal advisors, and considered a number of factors, including the following material factors which the board of directors viewed as supporting its decision:

 

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the current and historical trading prices of shares of our common stock, and the fact that the merger consideration of $65.47 per share in cash represents a premium of approximately 22% to the 90-calendar day volume-weighted average share price ending April 18, 2022, a premium of approximately 30% over the closing stock price of February 16, 2022, the date immediately prior to our disclosing receipt of an indication of willingness to offer to acquire us, and a premium of approximately 14% over the closing price of our common stock on April 18, 2022;

 

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the fact that the trading price of our common stock has consistently represented a significant discount to our NAV per share;

 

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the risks and uncertainties of remaining as an independent public company, including the Company’s need to frequently raise capital due to the capital-intensive nature of the Company’s business, the difficulty and cost of obtaining capital and challenges of acquiring student housing real estate assets on an accretive basis;

 

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that the Company is the only publicly-traded U.S. REIT focused on student housing properties, making it unlikely that a public company buyer existed, but if a public company buyer existed, a private buyer might be able to realize more value from the business than a public company buyer and thereby pay a higher price to acquire the Company, including the ability of private companies to use higher leverage to pursue growth that is more accretive, to absorb near-term dilution from capital expenditures in favor of longer-term growth and to fund developments without having to rely on the volatility of equity capital markets;

 

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the fact that the merger consideration was the result of arm’s-length negotiations and that we negotiated two price increases by Blackstone from its initial proposed price of $63.00 per share and the board of directors’ belief that the merger consideration was the maximum price that Blackstone was willing to pay;

 

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our board of directors’ belief that, in light of Blackstone’s low cost of capital, substantial available capital, interest in student housing properties and recent significant real estate acquisitions, Blackstone was the possible acquiror likely to offer the highest price for the Company;

 

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our board of directors’ belief that there exists a limited universe of potential third parties with the financial ability to acquire the Company in light of the amount of cash required to acquire all of our common stock;

 

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the board of directors’ beliefs that contacting other potential bidders before announcing a transaction would result in significant risks to the Company and its business, including concerns about leaks regarding a potential transaction could disrupt university relationships, jeopardize university transactions currently in the pipeline and risk employee turnover, as well as leading to turnover in the Company’s stockholder base and potential stock price volatility;

 

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our right to terminate the merger agreement, under certain circumstances, in order to enter into a definitive agreement providing for the implementation of a superior proposal, upon payment of the company termination payment;

 

•

the fact that the two-tiered company termination payment of $139 million, representing approximately 1.5% of the Company’s equity value and approximately 1.1% of the Company’s enterprise value, and $278 million, representing approximately 3.0% of the Company’s equity value and 2.2% of the Company’s enterprise value, were viewed by our board of directors, after consultation with our outside legal counsel and financial advisors, as reasonable under the circumstances and not likely to preclude any other from making a superior proposal;

 

•

our right, in certain circumstances in response to unsolicited competing proposals, to furnish information to and conduct negotiations with third parties;

 

•

the right of our board of directors under the merger agreement to change, withhold, qualify or withdraw its recommendation that the holders of common stock approve the merger under certain circumstances, subject to payment of the company termination payment if Parent elects to terminate the merger agreement in such circumstances;

 

•

the fact that the merger consideration is a fixed cash amount, providing our stockholders with certainty of value and liquidity immediately upon the closing of the merger, in comparison to the risks, uncertainties and longer potential timeline for realizing equivalent or greater value from our business plan for our properties or other possible strategic alternatives (including entering into sale or joint venture transactions involving a portfolio of student housing properties);

 

•

the knowledge of our board of directors of the business, operations, financial condition, earnings and prospects of the Company, including its assets, as well as its knowledge of the current and prospective environment in which the Company and each of its businesses operate, including economic, market and capital raising conditions;

 

•

the belief that the merger is more favorable to the Company’s stockholders than other strategic alternatives available to the Company, including remaining as an independent public company, the feasibility of such alternatives and the significant risks and uncertainties associated with pursuing such alternatives;

 

•

the belief that conditions for a sale transaction in the real estate market are generally favorable and the likelihood that interest rates may continue to rise in the future, which would increase a buyer’s financing costs resulting in less favorable conditions for sale transactions in the real estate markets;

 

•

the high probability that the mergers would be completed based on, among other things, Blackstone’s substantial available capital, proven ability to complete large acquisition transactions, Blackstone’s extensive experience in the real estate industry, the absence of a financing contingency and the $832 million parent termination fee, payment payable to the Company if the merger agreement is terminated in certain circumstances (representing approximately 9.0% of the Company’s equity value and approximately 6.5% of the Company’s enterprise value), which payment is guaranteed by BREIT Operating Partnership L.P.;

 

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•

the financial analysis and opinion provided by BofA Securities, dated April 18, 2022, to our board of directors as to the fairness, from a financial point of view and as of the date of the opinion, of the common stock consideration to be received by holders of our common stock, as more fully described in the section entitled “—Opinion of Our Financial Advisor.” The full text of the opinion is attached as Annex B to this proxy statement;

 

•

that the merger consideration of $65.47 per share in cash is above each of the implied per share equity value reference ranges indicated by the material financial analyses performed by BofA Securities with respect to its opinion;

 

•

that the board of directors of the Company delegated to a special committee the responsibility and authority to consider and negotiate the proposal received by the Company from Parent with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, and that the special committee unanimously recommended to the board the approval of the Merger Agreement;

 

•

that the terms and conditions of the merger agreement were reviewed by the independent special committee and the board of directors with our financial and legal advisors, and the fact that such terms were the product of arm’s-length negotiations between the parties; and

 

•

the fact that the merger would be subject to the approval of our stockholders, and our stockholders would be free to reject the merger by voting against the merger for any reason, including if a higher offer were to be made prior to the stockholders’ meeting (in certain cases subject to payment by the Company of an $278 million company termination payment if the Company subsequently were to enter into a definitive agreement relating to, or to consummate, a competing proposal).

The board of directors also considered the following potentially negative factors in its consideration of the merger agreement and the merger:

 

•

our inability to solicit competing proposals and the possibility that the company termination payment payable by us upon the termination of the merger agreement under certain circumstances could discourage other potential bidders from making a competing bid to acquire us;

 

•

the fact that, following the mergers, the Company will no longer exist as an independent public company and our existing stockholders will not participate in any future earnings or growth;

 

•

the risk that an alternative transaction or different strategic alternative potentially could be more beneficial to our stockholders than the proposed merger with Blackstone;

 

•

the fact that the mergers might not be consummated in a timely manner or at all, due to a failure of certain conditions to the closing of the mergers, including the risk that our stockholders do not approve the merger proposal;

 

•

the fact that if any of Parent, Merger Sub I or Merger Sub II fails, or threatens to fail, to satisfy its obligations under the merger agreement, we are not entitled to specifically enforce the merger agreement or the equity commitment letter, and that our exclusive remedy, available if the merger agreement is terminated in certain circumstances, would be limited to the parent termination payment in the amount of $832 million (the payment of which is guaranteed by BREIT Operating Partnership L.P.), and that such payment would need to be structured in a manner to maintain our qualification as a REIT;

 

•

the restrictions on the conduct of our business prior to the completion of the mergers, which could delay or prevent us from undertaking business opportunities that may arise pending completion of the mergers;

 

•

the fact that, under the terms of the merger agreement, the Company is not permitted to make, declare or pay regular quarterly cash dividends on common stock;

 

•

the fact that the receipt of the cash consideration in the merger would be taxable to our stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

 

44

•

the fact that, under Maryland law, our stockholders are not entitled to appraisal rights, dissenters’ rights or similar rights of an objecting stockholder in connection with the merger;

 

•

the significant costs involved in connection with entering into the merger agreement and completing the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and the substantial time and effort of management required to consummate the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and related disruptions to the operation of our business;

 

•

the fact that the announcement and pendency of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, the failure to complete the mergers, and/or actions that the Company may be required, or Parent may be permitted, to take under the merger agreement could have an adverse impact on our existing and prospective business relationships with tenants and other third parties and on our employees; and

 

•

the fact that some of our directors and executive officers have interests in the mergers that are different from, or in addition to, our stockholders generally (see “—Interests of Our Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger”).

The foregoing discussion of the factors considered by the board of directors is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather includes the material factors considered by the board of directors. In reaching its decision to determine and declare the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the mergers, to be advisable and in the best interests of the Company and our stockholders and to approve the execution, delivery and performance of the merger agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby, and to resolve to recommend that the holders of common stock approve the merger proposal, the board of directors did not quantify or assign any relative weights to, and did not make specific assessments of, the factors considered, and individual directors may have given different weights to different factors. The board of directors did not reach any specific conclusion with respect to any of the factors or reasons considered.

The above factors are not presented in any order of priority. The explanation of the factors and reasoning set forth above contain forward-looking statements and should be read in conjunction with the section of this proxy statement entitled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Recommendation of Our Board of Directors

Our board of directors has unanimously approved, adopted and declared advisable the merger agreement and determined the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the mergers, to be advisable and in the best interests of the Company and our stockholders. Our board of directors recommends that you vote “FOR” the merger proposal, “FOR” the advisory compensation proposal and “FOR” the adjournment proposal.

Unaudited Prospective Financial Information

As a matter of general practice, due to the unpredictability of the underlying assumptions and estimates inherent in preparing financial projections, we do not publicly disclose detailed projections as to our anticipated financial position or results of operations, other than providing, from time to time, estimated ranges for the then-current fiscal year of certain expected financial results and operational metrics in our regular earnings press releases and other investor materials.

However, in connection with the evaluation of a possible transaction, our management prepared certain unaudited prospective financial information for the Company on a consolidated basis for fiscal years ending December 31, 2022 through December 31, 2027, which we refer to as the “financial projections”, which is summarized below. Such financial projections were provided to our board of directors and to BofA Securities for use in connection with its financial analyses and fairness opinion.

 

45

These financial projections were not intended for public disclosure, and, accordingly, do not necessarily comply with published guidelines of the SEC, the guidelines established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants for preparation and presentation of financial forecasts or generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. Neither our independent registered public accounting firm nor any other independent accountants have audited, compiled or performed any procedures with respect to the projections nor expressed an opinion or any form of assurance on the financial projections or their achievability, and they assume no responsibility for, and disclaim any association with, such financial projections. A summary of the financial projections is included in this proxy statement only because the financial projections were made available to our board of directors and BofA Securities as described in this proxy statement. The inclusion of the financial projections in this proxy statement does not constitute an admission or representation by us that the information contained therein is material information.

In the view of our management, the financial projections were prepared on a reasonable basis reflecting management’s best available estimates and judgments regarding our future financial performance at the time they were prepared. The financial projections have been included only to reflect information made available to our board of directors and BofA Securities at the time of certain events and decisions, are not facts and should not be relied upon as indicative of actual future results, and you are cautioned not to rely on the financial projections. Some or all of the assumptions that have been made in connection with the preparation of the financial projections may have changed since the date the financial projections were prepared. None of the Company or any of our affiliates, advisors or other representatives assumes any responsibility for the validity, reasonableness, accuracy or completeness of the financial projections. Neither the Company nor any of our affiliates have or intend to, and each of them disclaims any obligation to, update, revise or correct the financial projections if any or all of them have become or become inaccurate (even in the short term) since the time of their preparation. These considerations should be taken into account in reviewing the financial projections, which were prepared as of an earlier date.

The financial projections do not reflect changes in general business or economic conditions since the time they were prepared, changes in our businesses or prospects since the time they were prepared, or any other transaction or event that has occurred or that may occur and that was not anticipated at the time the financial projections were prepared, and the financial projections are not necessarily indicative of current values or future performance, which may be significantly more favorable or less favorable than as set forth below and should not be regarded as a representation that the financial projections will be achieved. The projections also reflect assumptions as to certain business decisions that are subject to change. In addition, our future financial performance may be affected by our ability to successfully implement a number of initiatives to improve our operations and financial performance and our ability to achieve strategic goals, objectives and targets over the applicable periods.

Because the financial projections reflect subjective judgment in many respects, they are susceptible to multiple interpretations and frequent revisions based on actual experience and business developments. The financial projections also cover multiple years, and such information by its nature becomes less predictive with each succeeding year. The estimates and assumptions underlying the financial projections involve judgments with respect to, among other things, economic, competitive and financial market conditions and future business decisions that may not be realized and that are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, including, among other things, the inherent uncertainty of the business and economic conditions affecting the industries in which we operate. The financial projections constitute forward-looking information and are subject to a wide variety of significant risks and uncertainties that could cause the actual results to differ materially from the projected results. For additional information on factors that may cause our future financial results to materially vary from the projected results summarized below, see “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” beginning on page 22 of this proxy statement. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the projected results summarized below will be realized or that actual results will not differ materially from the projected results summarized below, and the financial projections cannot be considered a guarantee of future operating results and should not be relied upon as such. Neither we

 

46

nor our affiliates nor advisors nor any other person has made any representation to any of our stockholders or any other person regarding our actual performance compared to the results included in the financial projections. We have not made any representation to Blackstone or its affiliates, in the merger agreement or otherwise, concerning the financial projections.

The financial projections should be evaluated, if at all, in conjunction with the historical financial statements and other information contained in our public filings with the SEC. The financial projections do not take into account any circumstances or events occurring after the date they were prepared, including the mergers. Further, the financial projections do not take into account the effect of any failure of the mergers to be consummated and should not be viewed as accurate or continuing in that context.

Financial Projections

The following table summarizes the financial projections of the Company that were provided to our board of directors in connection with the evaluation of a possible transaction. The following financial projections were also provided to BofA Securities by us for use in connection with its financial analyses and the fairness opinion rendered to our board of directors (summarized under “—Opinion of Our Financial Advisor” beginning on page 48 of this proxy statement).

Our management made various assumptions when preparing the financial projections. These assumptions included compound annual revenue growth of approximately 9% from fiscal year end 2022 to fiscal year end 2027, compound annual consolidated net operating income growth of approximately 10% from fiscal year end 2022 to fiscal year end 2027, compound annual net operating income (at share) growth of approximately 10% from fiscal year end 2022 to fiscal year end 2027, compound annual EBITDA (at share) growth of approximately 10% from fiscal year end 2022 to fiscal year end 2027, compound annual funds from operations-modified (“FFOM”) growth of approximately 10% from fiscal year end 2022 to fiscal year end 2027 and compound annual FFOM per share growth of approximately 7% from fiscal year end 2022 to fiscal year end 2027.

 

(in millions, except per share amounts)		2022				2023				2024				2025				2026				2027
Owned Properties Revenues		$	992			$	1,080			$	1,147			$	1,243			$	1,381			$	1,519
Owned Properties NOI(1)(6)		$	552			$	606			$	644			$	697			$	772			$	880
Owned Properties NOI (at share)(2)(6)		$	528			$	570			$	607			$	660			$	734			$	841
EBITDA (at share)(3)(6)		$	474			$	504			$	536			$	585			$	654			$	757
Unlevered Free Cash Flow(4)(6)		$	344			$	(16	)		$	(341	)		$	(434	)		$	(158	)		$	202
FFOM(5)(6)		$	351			$	384			$	416			$	457			$	511			$	569
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted			141.1				142.4				146.6				152.9				159.2				165.2
FFOM per diluted share(5)(6)		$	2.49			$	2.70			$	2.84			$	2.99			$	3.21			$	3.44

 

(1)	Net operating income (“NOI”) is calculated as property revenues less direct operating expenses, excluding depreciation, but including an allocation of costs related to corporate management and oversight.

(2)	NOI (at share) is NOI adjusted for our ownership interest in both consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures.

(3)

EBITDA (at share) is calculated as Owned Properties NOI (at share) plus third-party development and management services revenue, on-campus participating property (“OCPP”) management fees and interest on a loan we made to the owner of one OCPP, our share of OCPP net cash flow, and interest income minus third-party development and management services expense, ground/facility leases expense, general and administrative expense, and OCPP overhead.

(4)	Unlevered Free Cash Flow is calculated as EBITDA (at share) plus proceeds from the sale of properties or interests in properties less capital expenditures, such as acquisitions, renovations, development, investments in joint venture properties and property upgrades and maintenance.

 

47

(5)

FFOM is calculated as funds from operations (FFO) modified to reflect certain adjustments related to the economic performance of our OCPPs and excludes other items, as we determined in good faith, that do not reflect our core operations on a comparative basis. We believe it is meaningful to eliminate the FFO generated from the OCPPs and instead to reflect our 50% share of the properties’ net cash flow and management and development fees received, as this measure better reflects the economic benefit derived from our involvement in the operation of these properties. FFO was determined based on the definition adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT) and is calculated as consolidated net income or loss attributable to common shares computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from depreciable operating property sales, impairment charges and real estate depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Our calculation of FFO and FFOM may differ from methodologies utilized by other equity REITs for similar performance measurements and, accordingly, may not be comparable to those of other REITs.

(6)

NOI, EBITDA, Unlevered Free Cash Flow and FFOM are non-GAAP financial measures and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or loss computed in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of our financial performance or to cash flow from operating activities computed in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of our liquidity, nor are these measures indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends or make distributions.

Opinion of Our Financial Advisor

The Company has retained BofA Securities to act as the Company’s financial advisor in connection with the mergers. BofA Securities is an internationally recognized investment banking firm which is regularly engaged in the valuation of businesses and securities in connection with mergers and acquisitions, negotiated underwritings, secondary distributions of listed and unlisted securities, private placements and valuations for corporate and other purposes. The Company selected BofA Securities to act as the Company’s financial advisor in connection with the mergers on the basis of the Company’s prior retention of BofA Securities in various investment banking matters, BofA Securities’ experience in transactions similar to the mergers, its reputation in the investment community and its familiarity with the Company and its business.

On April 18, 2022, BofA Securities delivered to our board of directors an oral opinion, subsequently confirmed in its written opinion, dated April 18, 2022, to the effect that, as of the date of the opinion and based on and subject to various assumptions and limitations described in its opinion, the common stock consideration to be received by holders of our common stock was fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders.

The full text of BofA Securities’ written opinion, dated April 18, 2022, to our board of directors, which sets forth, among other things, the various assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and qualifications and limitations on the scope of review undertaken by BofA Securities in rendering its opinion, is attached as Annex B to this proxy statement and is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The following summary of BofA Securities’ opinion is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the opinion. BofA Securities delivered its opinion to our board of directors for the benefit and use of our board of directors (in its capacity as our board of directors) in connection with and for purposes of its evaluation of the common stock consideration from a financial point of view. BofA Securities’ opinion does not address any terms or other aspects or implications of the mergers and no opinion or view was expressed as to the relative merits of the mergers in comparison to other strategies or transactions that might be available to the Company or in which the Company might engage or as to the underlying business decision of the Company to proceed with or effect the mergers. BofA Securities’ opinion does not constitute a recommendation as to how any stockholder should vote or act in connection with the proposed mergers or any other matter.

In connection with its opinion, BofA Securities, among other things:

 

•

reviewed certain publicly available business and financial information relating to the Company;

 

48

•

reviewed certain internal financial and operating information with respect to the business, operations and prospects of the Company furnished to or discussed with BofA Securities by the management of the Company, including certain financial forecasts relating to the Company prepared by the management of the Company, which are described under “—Unaudited Prospective Financial Information” and referred to in the proxy statement as the “updated management financial projections”;

 

•

discussed the past and current business, operations, financial condition and prospects of the Company with members of senior management of the Company;

 

•

reviewed the trading history for our common stock and a comparison of that trading history with the trading histories of other companies BofA Securities deemed relevant;

 

•

compared certain financial and stock market information of the Company with similar information of other companies BofA Securities deemed relevant;

 

•

compared certain financial terms of the mergers to financial terms, to the extent publicly available, of other transactions BofA Securities deemed relevant;

 

•

reviewed a draft, dated April 18, 2022, of the merger agreement (which we refer to in this section of this proxy statement as the “Draft Agreement”); and

 

•

performed such other analyses and studies and considered such other information and factors as BofA Securities deemed appropriate.

In arriving at its opinion, BofA Securities assumed and relied upon, without independent verification, the accuracy and completeness of the financial and other information and data publicly available or provided to or otherwise reviewed by or discussed with BofA Securities and BofA Securities relied upon the assurances of the management of the Company that it was not aware of any facts or circumstances that would make such information or data inaccurate or misleading in any material respect. With respect to the updated management financial projections, BofA Securities was advised by the Company, and BofA Securities assumed, that they were reasonably prepared on bases reflecting the best then-currently available estimates and good faith judgments of the management of the Company as to the future financial performance of the Company. BofA Securities did not make and was not provided with any independent evaluation or appraisal of the assets or liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of the Company, nor did it make any physical inspection of the properties or assets of the Company. BofA Securities did not evaluate the solvency or fair value of the Company or Parent under any state, federal or other laws relating to bankruptcy, insolvency or similar matters. BofA Securities assumed, at the direction of the Company, that the mergers would be consummated in accordance with their respective terms, without waiver, modification or amendment of any material term, condition or agreement and that, in the course of obtaining the necessary governmental, regulatory and other approvals, consents, releases and waivers for the mergers, no delay, limitation, restriction or condition, including any divestiture requirements or amendments or modifications, would be imposed that would have an adverse effect on the Company or the contemplated benefits of the mergers. BofA Securities also assumed, at the direction of the Company, that the final executed merger agreement did not differ in any material respect from the Draft Agreement reviewed by BofA Securities.

BofA Securities expressed no view or opinion as to any terms or other aspects or implications of the mergers (other than the common stock consideration to the extent expressly specified in its opinion), including, without limitation, the form or structure of the mergers, any related transaction or any other agreement, arrangement or understanding entered into in connection with or related to the mergers or otherwise. BofA Securities’ opinion was limited to the fairness, from a financial point of view, of the common stock consideration to be received by the holders of our common stock and no opinion or view was expressed with respect to any consideration received in connection with the mergers by the holders of any other class of securities or any creditors or other constituencies of any party. In addition, no opinion or view was expressed with respect to the fairness (financial or otherwise) of the amount, nature or any other aspect of any compensation to any of the officers, directors or employees of any party to the mergers, or class of such persons, relative to the common

 

49

stock consideration or otherwise. Furthermore, no opinion or view was expressed as to the relative merits of the mergers in comparison to other strategies or transactions that might be available to the Company or in which the Company might engage or as to the underlying business decision of the Company to proceed with or effect the mergers. BofA Securities did not express any opinion with respect to, and relied, at the direction of the Company, upon the assessments of representatives of the Company regarding, legal, regulatory, accounting, tax and similar matters relating to the Company or the mergers (including the contemplated benefits thereof), as to which BofA Securities understood that the Company had obtained such advice as the Company deemed necessary from qualified professionals. In addition, BofA Securities expressed no opinion or recommendation as to how any stockholder should vote or act in connection with the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement or any other matter.

BofA Securities’ opinion was necessarily based on financial, economic, monetary, market and other conditions and circumstances as in effect on, and the information made available to BofA Securities as of, the date of its opinion. It should be understood that subsequent developments may affect its opinion, and BofA Securities does not have any obligation to update, revise or reaffirm its opinion. The issuance of BofA Securities’ opinion was approved by a fairness opinion review committee of BofA Securities. Except as described above, the Company imposed no other limitations on the investigations made or procedures followed by BofA Securities in rendering its opinion.

The discussion set forth above in the section entitled “—Unaudited Prospective Financial Information” represents a brief summary of the material financial analyses presented by BofA Securities to our board of directors in connection with its opinion. The financial analyses summarized below include information presented in tabular format. In order to fully understand the financial analyses performed by BofA Securities, the tables must be read together with the text of each summary. The tables alone do not constitute a complete description of the financial analyses performed by BofA Securities. Considering the data set forth in the tables below without considering the full narrative description of the financial analyses, including the methodologies and assumptions underlying the analyses, could create a misleading or incomplete view of the financial analyses performed by BofA Securities.

Company Financial Analyses

Selected Publicly Traded Companies Analysis. BofA Securities reviewed publicly available financial and stock market information of the Company and the following seven selected publicly traded companies with operations in the real estate industry (in the multifamily REIT sector) that BofA Securities considered generally relevant. BofA Securities noted that none of these selected publicly traded companies in the multifamily sector are directly comparable to the Company, which has operations in the student housing sector. The most directly comparable publicly traded company is Education Reality Trust, Inc. (“EdR”), which was delisted from the New York Stock Exchange on September 20, 2018 as part of the take private transaction by Greystar Investment Group, LLC (“Greystar”).

Selected Publicly Traded Companies

Apartment Income REIT Corp.

AvalonBay Communities, Inc.

Camden Property Trust

Equity Residential

Essex Property Trust, Inc.

Mid-America Apartment Communities, Inc.

UDR, Inc.

BofA Securities reviewed, among other things, total enterprise values (“TEVs”) of the selected publicly traded companies, calculated as their equity values based on their closing stock prices on April 14, 2022 and the

 

50

number of their fully diluted shares outstanding, plus debt, preferred stock, non-controlling interests, and less cash and cash equivalents, as a multiple of calendar year 2022 estimated adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciations and amortization (“EBITDA”). Financial data of the selected publicly traded companies were based on public filings and publicly available research analysts’ estimates as of April 14, 2022. Financial data of the Company were based on the updated management financial projections.

BofA Securities also reviewed, among other things, per share equity values, based on closing stock prices on April 14, 2022 of the selected publicly traded companies as a multiple of calendar year 2022 estimated funds from operations (referred to as “FFO”) per share. BofA Securities observed FFO-Modified (“FFOM”), as provided by the Company’s management, which reflects certain adjustments related to the economic performance of the Company’s on-campus participating properties and excludes other items, as the Company determined in good faith, that do not reflect the Company’s core operations on a comparative basis. Financial data of the selected publicly traded companies were based on public filings and publicly available research analysts’ estimates as of April 14, 2022. Financial data of the Company were based on the updated management financial projections.

 

Selected Publicly Traded Companies		2022E TEV /EBITDA				2022E FFO Multiple
Apartment Income REIT Corp.			24.3x				21.7x
AvalonBay Communities, Inc.			27.0x				25.6x
Camden Property Trust			24.3x				25.6x
Equity Residential			26.1x				26.1x
Essex Property Trust, Inc.			31.5x				24.8x
Mid-America Apartment Communities, Inc.			25.1x				25.6x
UDR, Inc.			26.8x				25.2x
Overall Mean			26.4x				24.9x
Overall Median			26.1x				25.6x

The overall low to high calendar year 2022 estimated TEV / EBITDA multiples observed for the selected publicly traded companies were 24.3x to 27.0x (with a mean of 26.4x and a median of 26.1x).

The overall low to high calendar year 2022 estimated FFO per share multiples observed for the selected publicly traded companies were 21.7x to 26.1x (with a mean of 24.9x and a median of 25.6x).

BofA Securities then applied the selected range of calendar year 2022 TEV / EBITDA multiples of 21.0x to 25.0x, derived from the selected publicly traded companies based on BofA Securities’ professional experience and judgment, to the Company’s calendar year 2022 estimated EBITDA of $474 million, as set forth in the updated management financial projections, to calculate a range of implied enterprise values for the Company. Estimated financial data of the Company were based on the updated management financial projections. BofA Securities then calculated implied equity value reference ranges per share of common stock by deducting estimated net debt of $3,416 million as of December 31, 2021, as provided by the Company’s management, from such enterprise values and dividing the result by the number of fully-diluted shares outstanding of 141.080 million as of March 31, 2022, based on information provided by the Company’s management. In deriving the selected range of calendar year 2022 TEV / EBITDA multiples, BofA Securities took into consideration, among other things, the observed data for the selected publicly traded companies and for the Company, the historical trading prices of the Company’s common stock and the common stocks of the selected publicly traded companies and the differences in the financial profiles of the Company and the selected publicly traded companies.

Similarly, BofA Securities applied the selected range of calendar year 2022 estimated FFO per share multiples of 19.0x to 25.0x, derived from the selected publicly traded companies based on BofA Securities’ professional experience and judgment, to the Company’s calendar year 2022 estimated FFOM of $351 million and divided the result by the number of fully-diluted shares outstanding of 141.080 million as of March 31, 2022,

 

51

based on information provided by the Company’s management. In deriving the selected range of calendar year 2022 FFO per share multiples, BofA Securities took into consideration, among other things, the observed data for the selected publicly traded companies and for the Company, the historical trading prices of the Company’s common stock and the common stocks of the selected publicly traded companies and the differences in the financial profiles of the Company and the selected publicly traded companies.

This analysis indicated the following approximate implied per share equity value reference ranges for the Company (rounded to the nearest $0.25), as compared to the common stock consideration:

 

Implied Per Share Equity Value Reference Ranges Based on:				Common Stock Consideration
2022E EBITDA		2022E FFOM
$46.25 - $59.75		$47.25 - $62.25		$65.47

No company used in this analysis is identical or directly comparable to the Company. Accordingly, an evaluation of the results of this analysis is not entirely mathematical. Rather, this analysis involves complex considerations and judgments concerning differences in financial and operating characteristics and other factors that could affect the public trading or other values of the companies to which the Company was compared.

Selected Precedent Transactions Analysis. BofA Securities reviewed, to the extent publicly available, financial information relating to the following thirteen transactions, consisting of the Greystar EdR transaction announced on June 25, 2018 (the “selected transaction”), three transactions in the student housing sector (referred to as “student housing transactions”), and nine transactions in the multifamily sector (referred to as “multifamily transactions”).

Of the thirteen transactions, BofA Securities noted that, in its view, based on its professional experience and judgment, the only directly comparable precedent transaction was the selected transaction. The operational and financial characteristics of EdR were most directly comparable to those of the Company.

 

		Date Announced		Target		Acquiror		TEV / NTM EBITDA
Selected Transaction		June 25, 2018		Education Realty Trust, Inc.		Greystar Investment Group, LLC		22.4x
Other Student Housing Transactions (for reference only)		January 31, 2018		Harrison Street Real Estate Capital, LLC		Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPPIB), GIC Pte. Ltd. (GIC), and The Scion Group LLC		N/A
		January 4, 2016		UHC Acquisition Sub LLC		CPPIB, GIC and The Scion Group, LLC		N/A
		October 16, 2015		Campus Crest Communities, Inc.		Harrison Street Real Estate Capital, LLC		26.6x
Other Multifamily Transactions (for reference only)		February 16, 2022		Preferred Apartments Communities, Inc.		Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.		N/A
		July 4, 2017		Monogram Residential Trust, Inc.		Greystar Investment Group, LLC		19.6x

 

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		Date Announced		Target		Acquiror		TEV / NTM EBITDA
		January 19, 2017		Milestone Apartments Real Estate Investment Trust		Starwood Capital Operations, LLC		N/A
		August 15, 2016		Post Properties, Inc.		Mid-America Apartment Communities, Inc.		22.7x
		June 22, 2015		Home Properties Inc.		Lone Star Americas Acquisitions, Inc.		17.5.x
		May 11, 2015		Trade Street Residential, Inc.		IRT Limited Partner, LLC		19.9x
		April 22, 2015		Associated Estates Realty Corporation		Brookfield Property Group LLC		22.7x
		December 19, 2013		BRE Properties Inc.		Essex Property Trust, Inc.		22.5x
		June 3, 2013		Colonial Properties Trust		Mid-America Apartment Communities, Inc.		18.7x

For the selected transaction and the other transactions, BofA Securities reviewed TEVs, calculated as the enterprise value implied for the target company based on the consideration payable in the selected transaction, as a multiple of the target company’s estimated next 12 months (“NTM”) EBITDA. Estimated financial data of the selected transactions were based on publicly available information at the time of announcement of the relevant transaction, and estimated financial data of the Company were based on the updated management financial projections.

The overall low to high TEV / NTM EBITDA multiples observed for all of the student housing and multifamily transactions (including the selected transaction) were 18.7x to 26.6x. Based on its professional judgment and experience and after taking into consideration, among other things, the observed data for the selected transaction, BofA Securities then applied a selected range of TEV / NTM EBITDA multiples of 20.4x to 24.4x. Utilizing the TEV implied in the merger consideration and the Company’s estimated 2022 NTM EBITDA of $474 million, based on the updated management financial projections, this analysis indicated the following approximate implied per share equity value reference range for the Company (rounded to the nearest $0.25), as compared to the common stock consideration:

 

Implied Per Share Equity Value Reference Range Based on:		Common Stock Consideration
2022E TEV / NTM EBITDA
$44.50 - $58.00		$65.47

No company, business or transaction used in this analysis is identical to the Company or the mergers. Accordingly, an evaluation of the results of this analysis is not entirely mathematical. Rather, this analysis involves complex considerations and judgments concerning differences in financial and operating characteristics and other factors that could affect the acquisition or other values of the companies, business segments or transactions to which the Company and the mergers were compared.

 

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Discounted Cash Flow Analysis. BofA Securities performed a discounted cash flow analysis of the Company to calculate the estimated present value of the standalone unlevered, after-tax free cash flows that the Company was forecasted to generate during the Company’s fiscal year 2022 through fiscal year 2027 based on the updated management financial projections. BofA Securities calculated terminal values for the Company by applying a selected range of terminal multiples of 20.0x to 24.0x, based on the historical trading range for the Company’s stock, to the Company’s terminal year estimated EBITDA (at share) of $783 million, which was obtained by extrapolating the Company’s 2027 estimated EBITDA (at share) of $757 million at an assumed growth rate of 3.5%, as provided by the Company’s management. The cash flows and terminal values were then discounted to present value as of December 31, 2021 using a range of discount rates of 7.50% to 9.00%, reflecting an estimate of the Company’s weighted average cost of capital, which was calculated by multiplying the estimated cost of each capital source (debt and equity) by its relevant weight, and then adding the products together. The estimated cost of equity was obtained using the capital asset pricing model (which takes into account the risk-free rate, the levered beta and the applicable equity market risk premium) and the estimated cost of debt was based on the Company’s estimated borrowing cost. The number of fully-diluted shares outstanding was 141.080 million as of March 31, 2022, based on information provided by the Company’s management. This analysis indicated the following approximate implied per share equity value reference range for the Company (rounded to the nearest $0.25), as compared to the common stock consideration:

 

Implied Per Share Equity Value Reference Range		Common Stock Consideration
$40.00 - $60.00		$65.47

Other Factors

BofA Securities also noted certain additional factors that were not considered part of BofA Securities’ material financial analyses with respect to its opinion but were referenced for informational purposes, including, among other things, the following:

 

•

historical trading prices and trading volumes of the common stock, which indicated low and high closing prices for the common stock during the 52-week period ended April 14, 2022 of approximately $43.29 to $58.66 per share;

 

•

one-year future stock price targets for the common stock in publicly available research analyst reports, which indicated stock price targets for the Company, of a range of approximately $57.74 to $65.00 per share;

 

•

research analysts’ estimates for the Company as reflected in selected publicly available Wall Street research analysts’ reports and other publicly available information, which indicated, among other things, an overall low to high estimated net asset value per share range for the Company of approximately $55.88 to $66.61 per share; and

 

•

estimated net asset value per share range for the Company, furnished by the Company’s management, of approximately $58.25 to $68.50 per share.

Miscellaneous

As noted above, the discussion set forth above in the section entitled “—Company Financial Analyses” represents a brief summary of the material financial analyses presented by BofA Securities to our board of directors in connection with its opinion and is not a comprehensive description of all analyses undertaken or factors considered by BofA Securities in connection with its opinion. The preparation of a financial opinion is a complex analytical process involving various determinations as to the most appropriate and relevant methods of financial analysis and the application of those methods to the particular circumstances and, therefore, a financial opinion is not readily susceptible to partial analysis or summary description. BofA Securities believes that its analyses summarized above must be considered as a whole. BofA Securities further believes that selecting

 

54

portions of its analyses and the factors considered or focusing on information presented in tabular format, without considering all analyses and factors or the narrative description of the analyses, could create a misleading or incomplete view of the processes underlying BofA Securities’ analyses and opinion. The fact that any specific analysis has been referred to in the summary above is not meant to indicate that such analysis was given greater weight than any other analysis referred to in the summary.

In performing its analyses, BofA Securities considered industry performance, general business and economic conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond the control of the Company. The estimates of the future performance of the Company in or underlying BofA Securities’ analyses are not necessarily indicative of actual values or actual future results, which may be significantly more or less favorable than those estimates or those suggested by BofA Securities’ analyses. These analyses were prepared solely as part of BofA Securities’ analysis of the fairness, from a financial point of view, of the common stock consideration and were provided to our board of directors in connection with the delivery of BofA Securities’ opinion. The analyses do not purport to be appraisals or to reflect the prices at which a company might actually be sold or acquired or the prices at which any securities have traded or may trade at any time in the future. Accordingly, the estimates used in, and the ranges of valuations resulting from, any particular analysis described above are inherently subject to substantial uncertainty and should not be taken to be BofA Securities’ view of the actual value of the Company.

The type and amount of consideration payable in the mergers were determined through negotiations between the Company and Parent, rather than by any financial advisor, and were approved by our board of directors. The decision to enter into the merger agreement was solely that of our board of directors. As described above, BofA Securities’ opinion and analyses were only one of many factors considered by our board of directors in its evaluation of the mergers and should not be viewed as determinative of the views of our board of directors, management or any other party with respect to the mergers or the common stock consideration.

The Company has agreed to pay BofA Securities for its services in connection with the mergers an aggregate fee that is currently estimated to be $56.34 million, approximately $3 million of which was payable upon the delivery of BofA Securities’ opinion and the remaining portion of which is contingent upon the consummation of the mergers. The Company also has agreed to reimburse BofA Securities for its expenses incurred in connection with BofA Securities’ engagement and to indemnify BofA Securities, any controlling person of BofA Securities and each of their respective directors, officers, employees, agents and affiliates against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the federal securities laws. Pursuant to its engagement letter with the Company, BofA Securities would be entitled to a transaction fee from the Company in connection with any merger or similar acquisition transaction, irrespective of the identity of the acquirer. Such fee would generally be higher for a transaction that provides for greater merger consideration.

BofA Securities and its affiliates comprise a full service securities firm and commercial bank engaged in securities, commodities and derivatives trading, foreign exchange and other brokerage activities, and principal investing as well as providing investment, corporate and private banking, asset and investment management, financing and financial advisory services and other commercial services and products to a wide range of companies, governments and individuals. In the ordinary course of their businesses, BofA Securities and its affiliates may invest on a principal basis or on behalf of customers or manage funds that invest, make or hold long or short positions, finance positions or trade or otherwise effect transactions in equity, debt or other securities or financial instruments (including derivatives, bank loans or other obligations) of the Company, Parent and certain of their respective affiliates.

BofA Securities and its affiliates in the past have provided, currently are providing, and in the future may provide, investment banking, commercial banking and other financial services to the Company and its affiliates and have received or in the future may receive compensation for the rendering of these services, including having acted or acting as (i) financial advisor in connection with certain investment banking transactions and other corporate activity, and (ii) sales agent, underwriter, manager and/or arranger on various debt and equity offerings and financings. From March 1, 2020 through February 28, 2022, BofA Securities and its affiliates derived aggregate revenues from the Company of approximately $6.80 million as determined by BofA Securities based on its books and records.

 

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In addition, BofA Securities and its affiliates in the past have provided, currently are providing, and in the future may provide, investment banking, commercial banking treasury, lending and other financial services to Parent and certain of its affiliates and related companies and have received or in the future may receive substantial compensation for the rendering of these services, including having acted or acting as (i) financial advisor in connection with various acquisitions, divestures, purchases and sales of assets, and other corporate activity, (ii) underwriter, manager and/or arranger on various debt and equity offerings and financings, and (iii) underwriter and manager in initial public offerings of certain affiliated or related companies. BofA Securities has advised us that from March 1, 2020 through February 28, 2022, BofA Securities and its affiliates derived aggregate revenues from Parent and certain of its affiliates of approximately $662 million for investment and corporate banking and other financial services as determined by BofA Securities based on its books and records.

Financing

In connection with the closing of the mergers, Parent will cause an aggregate of approximately $9.2 billion to be paid to the holders of our common stock, restricted stock, deferred stock awards and limited partnership units. Prior to the closing of the mergers, we expect to repay at maturity our $200 million term loan. Parent has informed us that in connection with the closing of the mergers, Parent expects to cause our outstanding indebtedness under our revolving credit facility, if any, to be repaid in full. Parent has also informed us that it expects our mortgage loans and senior unsecured notes to be repaid or remain outstanding. As of March 31, 2022, we had no indebtedness outstanding under our revolving credit facility, $200 million in term loan financing outstanding, approximately $535.4 million in mortgage loans and project-based taxable bonds outstanding (including a $330 million mortgage loan made to wholly owned subsidiaries of a joint venture in which we own a 55% interest) and $2.8 billion in senior unsecured notes outstanding.

Parent has informed us that it has received, in connection with the mergers, a debt commitment letter from Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Goldman Sachs Bank USA and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., providing for debt financing through two balance sheet loans in an aggregate amount of up to approximately $2.1 billion and that it currently intends to pursue additional debt financing in connection with the mergers. In addition, it is expected that the Sponsor, which is the operating partnership of BREIT, and its affiliates will contribute equity to Parent for the purpose of funding the acquisition costs (including the merger consideration) that are not covered by such debt financing.

Parent has informed us that in addition to the payment of the merger consideration, the funds to be obtained from the debt and equity financing may be used for purposes such as reserves, paying carrying costs with respect to the properties, funding working capital requirements, and for other costs and expenses related to the financing and the mergers. Parent has informed us that it currently believes that the funds to be borrowed under the debt financing would be secured by, among other things, a mortgage lien on certain properties which are wholly owned and/or ground leased by us, certain escrows and reserves and such other pledges and security required by the lenders to secure and perfect their interests in the applicable collateral, and that such debt financing would be conditioned on the mergers being completed and other customary conditions for similar financings.

The merger agreement does not contain a financing condition or a “market MAC” condition to the closing of the mergers. For more information, see “The Merger Agreement—Financing Cooperation” and “The Merger Agreement—Conditions to the Mergers.”

Interests of Our Directors and Executive Officers in the Mergers

In considering the recommendation of our board of directors to approve the merger, the merger agreement and the other proposals described above, our stockholders should be aware that our directors and executive officers have certain interests in the merger that are different from, or in addition to, the interests of our stockholders generally. These interests may create potential conflicts of interest. Our board of directors was aware of these interests and considered them, among other matters, in evaluating and negotiating the merger agreement, in reaching its decision to determine and declare the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger, to be advisable and in our and our stockholders’ best interests to approve the

 

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execution, delivery and performance of the merger agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby, and to resolve to recommend that the stockholders approve the merger. These interests are discussed below. For a description regarding compensation and benefits to be provided to our employees generally following the merger effective time, see “The Merger Agreement—Employee Benefits.”

Treatment of Compensatory Awards

Our executive officers hold restricted stock and deferred stock awards, as further set forth in the section entitled “—Quantification of Potential Payments to Our Named Executive Officers in Connection with the Mergers.”

Restricted Stock. The merger agreement provides that, immediately prior to the merger effective time, each outstanding share of restricted stock granted pursuant to an incentive award plan, other than deferred stock awards, will automatically become fully vested and all restrictions and reacquisition rights thereon will lapse, and thereafter all shares of common stock represented thereby will be considered outstanding for all purposes under the merger agreement and will have the right to receive the common stock consideration, less any applicable withholding taxes.

Deferred Stock Awards. The merger agreement provides that deferred stock awards will, as of immediately before the merger effective time, become vested and no longer subject to restriction, and all deferred stock awards will, at the merger effective time, be adjusted and converted into a right of the holder to have allocated to the holder’s account under the deferred compensation plan an amount denominated in cash equal to the product of (1) the number of shares of common stock allocated to such account as of the merger effective time and (2) the merger consideration, and will no longer represent a right to receive a number of shares of common stock or cash equal to or based on the value of a number of shares of common stock. Payments under our deferred compensation plan will be made in accordance with the timing set forth in the plan and the applicable payment elections for participants in the plan, subject to any right to terminate the plan and accelerate distributions of participant account balances pursuant to the terms of our deferred compensation plan and applicable law.

Value of Payments. For an estimate of the value of the payments described above that would become payable to each of our named executive officers, see “—Quantification of Potential Payments to Our Named Executive Officers in Connection with the Mergers” below. The estimated value of the payments that will be made to our other executive officers, Messrs. de Cárdenas, Wilhelm and Winger and Ms. Ledbetter in respect of their outstanding restricted stock and deferred stock awards at the merger effective time (or such later time in accordance with the deferred compensation plan) is $5,816,641 in the aggregate, which is based on the number of outstanding unvested shares and awards held by these current executive officers as of June 14, 2022.

Treatment of Interests in the Partnership

Certain of our executive officers hold fully vested common partnership units as further set forth in the section entitled “—Quantification of Potential Payments to Our Named Executive Officers in Connection with the Mergers.” At the partnership merger effective time, each limited partnership unit, or fraction thereof, issued and outstanding as of immediately prior to the partnership merger effective time (other than excluded common partnership units) will be automatically cancelled and converted into the right to receive an amount in cash equal to the common stock consideration, without interest and less any applicable withholding taxes. If we declare or pay a dividend on our common stock to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Code, or to avoid or reduce the incurrence of income or excise taxes under the Code, in each case, as permitted under the merger agreement, the partnership unit consideration will be decreased by an amount equal to the per share amount of such dividend on the common stock.

Executive Severance Benefits

Arrangements. We are party to an employment agreement with each executive officer, which provides for the severance benefits described below upon a severance-qualifying termination of employment. The severance benefits payable to each executive officer will be subject to compliance with the restrictive covenants described below.

 

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Each employment agreement with an executive officer provides that the executive officer may terminate the agreement for “good reason,” which is defined in the employment agreement, in general, as any substantial change by the Company in the nature or scope of the executive officer’s functions, duties, responsibilities or reporting relationships without their express written consent, the requirement that the executive officer be based at a location at least 50 miles from their current principal location of employment, the Company’s failure to obtain a satisfactory agreement from any successor to assume the terms of the employment agreement and the Company’s breach of any material provision of the employment agreement.

The employment agreements with executive officers provide that, if the Company terminates an executive officer’s employment without “cause” or the executive officer terminates employment for “good reason” (each as defined in the applicable employment agreement), the executive officer will be entitled to accrued and unpaid obligations through the date of termination and the following payments and benefits:

 

•

A cash payment equal to 299% for Mr. Bayless and 100% for each other executive officer, in each case times the sum of their then-current annual base salary plus the average annual cash bonus paid or payable in respect of the three years immediately prior to the year of termination;

 

•

A prorated cash bonus for the year in which the termination occurs equal to the greater of (i) the annual cash bonus paid or payable in respect to the year immediately prior to the year in which the termination occurs or (ii) the target cash bonus for the year in which the termination occurs;

 

•

Health benefits for one year following the executive officer’s termination of employment at the same cost to the executive officer as in effect immediately preceding such termination, subject to reduction to the extent that the executive officer receives comparable benefits from a subsequent employer; and

 

•

All of the executive officer’s unvested shares of restricted stock and deferred stock awards will vest.

In addition, pursuant to the merger agreement, if an executive officer’s employment with the Surviving Company is terminated after the merger effective time and on or before December 31, 2022 by the Surviving Company without cause or by the executive officer for good reason, the executive officer will be entitled to a pro-rata portion (based on the period of employment during 2022) of the cash value of the restricted stock award granted to such executive officer in January 2022 (the “deferred cash award”) and if such termination of employment occurs on or after January 1, 2023, the executive officer will be entitled to full vesting and payment of the deferred cash award, in each case, to the extent not otherwise payable pursuant to such executive officer’s employment agreement and subject to compliance with the restrictive covenants described below and a release of claims in favor of the Company and its subsidiaries and Parent.

Golden Parachute Excise Tax. Pursuant to the employment agreement with Mr. Bayless, if the payments or benefits made or provided to Mr. Bayless under his employment agreement and under any other plan, program or agreement of the Company or its affiliates (the “Aggregate Payment’) are or become subject to any tax imposed under Section 4999 of the Code or any similar tax, the Company will pay to Mr. Bayless an additional amount such that the net amount retained by Mr. Bayless with respect to the Aggregate Payment, after deduction of any excise tax on the Aggregate Payment and any federal, state and local income tax and excise tax on such additional payment (and any interest and penalties thereon), but before deduction for any federal, state or local income or employment tax withholding on such Aggregate Payment, shall be equal to the amount of the Aggregate Payment.

Restrictive Covenants. Any payments payable under the employment agreements are subject to the executive officer’s compliance with certain confidentiality, non-competition, non-solicitation and non-interference covenants that apply during the executive officer’s employment and for a period ending on (i) the second anniversary of an executive officer’s termination of employment by the Company for cause or by executive officer without good reason, or (ii) the first anniversary of the executive officer’s termination of employment by the Company other than for cause, by the executive officer with good reason or by the executive officer for any reason at any time during the one-year period following a change in control.

 

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Value of Payments. For an estimate of the value of the severance payments and benefits described above that would become payable to each of our named executive officers upon a severance-qualifying termination, see “—Quantification of Potential Payments to Our Named Executive Officers in Connection with the Mergers” below. The estimated value of the severance payments and benefits described above that would be payable upon a severance-qualifying termination of employment on September 1, 2022 for our other executive officers, Messrs. de Cárdenas, Winger and Wilhelm and Ms. Ledbetter, is $1,314,644, $1,126,043, $1,083,294 and $1,007,527, respectively.

Section 16(b) Exemption Resolution

Our board of directors believes that it is desirable that the Company’s directors and executive officers be relieved of the risk of liability under Section 16 of the Exchange Act to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law in connection with the exchange of shares of common stock pursuant to the merger. Accordingly, our board of directors (or a committee thereof) intends to adopt a resolution providing that the disposition by the Company’s executive officers and directors of our common stock pursuant to the transactions contemplated by the merger, are intended to be exempt from liability under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act pursuant to Rule 16b-3(e) promulgated thereunder.

Indemnification of Our Directors and Officers

The merger agreement provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, from and after the merger effective time and ending on the sixth anniversary of the merger effective time, the Surviving Company will, and Parent will cause the Surviving Company to: (1) indemnify, defend and hold harmless each of our and our subsidiaries’ current or former managers, directors, officers and trustees (which persons we refer to as the “indemnified parties”), against and from any costs or expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, losses, claims, damages, liabilities and amounts paid in settlement in connection with any claim, action, cause of action, suit, litigation, proceeding, arbitration, mediation, interference, audit, assessment, hearing or other legal proceeding (we refer to the foregoing as an “action”), arising out of or pertaining to any action or omission or alleged action or omission in such indemnified party’s capacity as a manager, director, officer or trustee of the Company or any of our subsidiaries arising out of actions or omissions occurring at or prior to the merger effective time (and whether asserted or claimed prior to, at or after the merger effective time), including such alleged acts or omissions with respect to the merger agreement or any of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the mergers; and (2) pay in advance of the final disposition of any such action the expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and any expenses incurred by any indemnified party in connection with enforcing any rights with respect to indemnification) of any indemnified party without the requirement of any bond or other security, in each case to the fullest extent permitted by law, but subject to Parent’s or the Surviving Company’s receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such indemnified party to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such indemnified party is not entitled to be indemnified.

The parties have agreed not to terminate or modify the obligations described above regarding indemnification of the indemnified parties in such a manner as to adversely affect such indemnified parties, and such obligations must be assumed by any successor entity to the Surviving Company as a result of any consolidation, merger, dissolution or transfer of all or substantially all of its properties and assets.

The merger agreement also requires that, prior to the merger effective time, we will bind, effective at the merger effective time, extended coverage under our directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy by obtaining a prepaid six-year “tail” extended period on our existing officers’ and directors’ liability insurance policies (or with insurers on terms and conditions no less favorable than such policies), which prepaid policies provide such persons currently covered by such policies with coverage for an aggregate period of six years with respect to claims arising from facts or events that occurred on or before the merger effective time, for an overall additional premium not to exceed 300% of the total annual premiums at the last renewal; provided, that we will

 

59

reasonably cooperate and consult with Parent prior to the purchase of any such tail policy; provided, further, that if Parent can procure a “tail” policy on superior terms or on equivalent terms, but at a lower price, as compared to any such policy that may be procured by us, then, subject to certain terms and conditions, Parent may obtain such policy effective as of the merger effective time, in which case we shall not obtain such policy. Additionally, Parent and the Surviving Company are required to maintain such policies in full force and effect for their full term, and continue to honor the obligations thereunder.

Quantification of Potential Payments to Our Named Executive Officers in Connection with the Mergers

The information set forth in the table below is intended to comply with Item 402(t) of Regulation S-K, which requires disclosure of information about certain compensation for each of our named executive officers that is based on or otherwise relates to the mergers. Solely for purposes of the table below, it is assumed that each named executive officer incurs a severance-qualifying termination immediately following the merger effective time. Such amounts have been calculated assuming the merger effective time occurred on September 1, 2022. For additional details regarding the terms of the payments described below, see the discussion under “—Interests of Our Directors and Executive Officers in the Mergers” above.

The following table sets forth the amount of payments and benefits that may be paid or become payable to each of the named executive officers in connection with the mergers pursuant to all applicable compensation plans or agreements, assuming that the merger effective time occurred on September 1, 2022 and that each named executive officer incurs a severance-qualifying termination immediately following the merger effective time. The calculations in the table do not include amounts that named executive officers were vested in as of the date of this proxy statement and do not reflect any shares of common stock or vested deferred stock awards held by the named executive officers.

 

Name		Cash(1)				Equity(2)				Perquisites/ Benefits(3)				Total
William C. Bayless, Jr.(4)		$	11,040,246			$	16,579,290			$	8,588			$	27,628,124
Chief Executive Officer
Jennifer Beese			3,543,169				6,338,964				7,946				9,890,079
President and Chief Operating Officer
William W. Talbot			3,399,706				6,375,708				12,203				9,787,617
Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer
Daniel B. Perry			3,018,666				5,477,746				12,203				8,508,615
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary
Kim K. Voss			1,416,243				2,066,713				12,203				3,495,159
Executive Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Assistant Secretary

 

(1)	Cash severance consists of the following components, all of which are “double-trigger” benefits contingent upon the occurrence of a termination of the named executive officer’s employment without cause or the named executive officer’s resignation for good reason following the merger effective time:

 

(a)

A cash payment equal to 299% for Mr. Bayless and 100% for Messrs. Talbot and Perry and Mses. Beese and Voss, in each case times the sum of his or her then-current annual base salary plus the average annual cash bonus paid or payable in respect of the three years immediately prior to the year of termination;

(b)

A prorated cash bonus for the year in which the termination occurs equal to the greater of (i) the annual cash bonus paid or payable in respect to the year immediately prior to the year in which the termination occurs or (ii) the target cash bonus for the year in which the termination occurs; and

 

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(c)

As provided in the merger agreement, a prorated amount of a deferred cash award equal to the cash value of the restricted stock award granted to such executive officer in January 2022 that each named executive officer is eligible to receive in 2023.

The amounts set forth in the table below are estimates of the prorated amount of the cash severance, prorated cash bonus and the prorated deferred cash award each named executive officer will receive:

 

Named Executive Officer		Cash Severance				Prorated Cash Bonus				Prorated Deferred Cash Award
William C. Bayless, Jr.		$	6,659,577			$	1,310,247			$	3,070,422
Jennifer Beese			1,431,900				852,329				1,258,940
William W. Talbot			1,372,367				852,329				1,175,010
Daniel B. Perry			1,225,667				701,918				1,091,081
Kim K. Voss			747,750				317,534				350,959

The amounts set forth in the tables above are based on compensation levels as of March 1, 2022 and assume that there are no bonus amounts which have been earned but not yet paid to the named executive officer prior to the date of the named executive officer’s termination. For further details regarding the cash severance, see “—Executive Severance Benefits” above.

(2)

For all named executive officers, the treatment of compensatory awards at the merger effective time is a “single-trigger” benefit contingent upon the occurrence of the mergers. The amounts set forth in the table above and the table below are estimates of the value each named executive officer will receive in respect of his or her outstanding compensatory awards. These estimates assume that all shares of restricted stock and unvested deferred stock awards held by each named executive officer as of June 14, 2022, the latest practicable date prior to the date of this filing, remain outstanding as of the merger effective time and each named executive officer does not receive any additional compensatory awards between such date and the merger effective time and disregards any vesting of compensatory awards that may occur prior to the merger effective time.

 

Named Executive Officer		Value of Restricted Stock				Value of Deferred Stock Awards				Total
William C. Bayless, Jr.		$	16,579,290			$	—			$	16,579,290
Jennifer Beese			6,338,964				—				6,338,964
William W. Talbot			6,375,708				—				6,375,708
Daniel B. Perry			5,477,746				—				5,477,746
Kim K. Voss			1,962,453				104,260				2,066,713

For further details regarding the value of accelerated compensatory awards, see “—Treatment of Compensatory Awards” above.

(3)

Each named executive officer is entitled to receive health benefits for one year following the named executive officer’s termination of employment at the same cost to the named executive officer as in effect immediately preceding such termination, subject to reduction to the extent that the named executive officer receives comparable benefits from a subsequent employer. The value of the perquisites/benefits reported in this column assume that such coverage continues for the full one-year period. These benefits are “double-trigger” benefits contingent upon the occurrence of a termination of the named executive officer’s employment without cause or the named executive officer’s resignation for good reason following the merger effective time, or for any reason within one year after the merger effective time. For further details regarding the perquisites and benefits, see “—Executive Severance Benefits” above.

(4)

As described in the section entitled “—Executive Severance Payments—Golden Parachute Payments,” the employment agreement with Mr. Bayless provides for payments to Mr. Bayles to compensate for any excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code or any similar payment. No such payments are currently anticipated based on the assumptions set forth above.

 

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Regulatory Matters

We are unaware of any material federal, state or foreign regulatory requirements or approvals that are required for the execution of the merger agreement or the completion of the merger or the partnership merger, other than the acceptance for record of the articles of merger with respect to the merger and the partnership merger by the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland, and the filing of the certificate of merger with respect to the merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.

Litigation Related to the Mergers

Following the filing of the preliminary proxy statement, plaintiffs filed three separate lawsuits related to the proxy statement. One suit, styled Cody Charfauros v. American Campus Communities, et al., No. 1:22-cv-04075, which we refer to as the “Charfauros Lawsuit” was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. A second suit, styled as Shiva Stein v. American Campus Communities, Inc., et al., No. 1:22-cv-03829-JGK, which we refer to as the “Stein Lawsuit,” was also filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. A third suit, styled as Samuel Acuna v. American Campus Communities, Inc., et al., 1:22-cv-03254, which we refer to as the “Acuna Lawsuit,” was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.

The Charfauros Lawsuit names as defendants the Company, the Company’s directors and a former director of the Company who ceased to serve as such in 2015 upon his death. The Charfauros Lawsuit alleges that the proxy statement omits material information on certain topics, including the rights, authorities and powers of the special committee, the confidentiality agreements with Blackstone and other counterparties, potential conflicts of interest involving certain directors and officers of the Company, the value of Company options, restricted stock units, and other equity awards that the Company’s directors and officers will receive in the proposed mergers, details regarding any discussions about the future employment of the Company’s officers and directors, certain financial projections and metrics, line items used to calculate financial projections, a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial metrics to GAAP metrics, and input data and assumptions used in BofA Securities’ analysis. Relying on those allegations, the Charfauros Lawsuit asserts, on behalf of an individual plaintiff, a cause of action under Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act against all defendants and a “control person” claim under Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act based on the alleged Section 14(a) violations against the members of our board of directors. The Charfauros Lawsuit seeks to enjoin defendants from proceeding with the proposed mergers, rescission of the mergers if the mergers are consummated, the dissemination of a revised preliminary proxy statement, an award of damages if the mergers are consummated and an award of plaintiff’s costs, including attorneys’ fees.

The Stein Lawsuit also names as defendants the Company and the Company’s directors. Like the Charfauros Lawsuit, the Stein Lawsuit asserts a claim under Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act against all defendants and a claim under Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act against the members of our board of directors. The Stein Lawsuit alleges that the proxy statement omits material information on certain topics, including certain financial projections, financial metrics, input data and assumptions used in BofA Securities’ analysis, and a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial metrics to GAAP metrics. The Stein Lawsuit seeks to enjoin defendants from proceeding with the proposed mergers unless and until defendants disclose the material information alleged to have been omitted from the proxy statement, rescission of the mergers or rescissory damages if the mergers are consummated, an award of damages and an award of plaintiff’s costs, including attorneys’ fees.

The Acuna Lawsuit, like the Charfauros Lawsuit and the Stein Lawsuit, names as defendants the Company and the Company’s directors and asserts a claim under Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act against all defendants and a claim under Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act against the members of our board of directors. The Acuna Lawsuit alleges that the proxy statement omits material information on certain topics, including certain financial projections (including line items underlying the projections, net income projections and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial metrics to GAAP metrics), input data and assumptions used in BofA Securities’ analysis, potential conflicts of interest involving KeyBank Capital Markets Inc. and potential conflicts of interest involving certain directors and officers of the Company. The Acuna Lawsuit seeks to enjoin defendants from proceeding with the proposed mergers, rescission of the mergers or rescissory damages if the mergers are

 

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consummated, a declaration that defendants violated Sections 14(a) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder and an award of plaintiff’s costs, including attorneys’ fees.

The results of complex legal proceedings are difficult to predict and could delay or prevent the mergers from becoming effective in a timely manner. Although the ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes that these lawsuits are without merit and intends to defend against these actions vigorously.

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences

The following is a general discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger to U.S. holders and non-U.S. holders (each, as defined below) of shares of common stock whose shares are exchanged for cash pursuant to the merger. This discussion is based on the provisions of the Code, applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations, judicial opinions and administrative rulings and published positions of the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), each, as in effect as of the date hereof. These authorities are subject to differing interpretations and may change at any time, possibly with retroactive effect. Any such change or differing interpretation could affect the accuracy of the statements and conclusions set forth in this discussion. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below. We have not sought and will not seek an advance ruling from the IRS regarding any matter discussed in this section. This summary assumes that the merger will be consummated in accordance with the merger agreement and as described in this proxy statement.

This discussion is not a complete description of all tax consequences of the merger and, in particular, does not address any tax consequences arising under the unearned income Medicare contribution tax pursuant to the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, any withholding considerations pursuant to the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act of 2010 (including the Treasury Regulations and administrative guidance thereunder and the intergovernmental agreements entered into, and laws and regulations promulgated, pursuant thereto or in connection therewith) nor does it address any tax considerations under state, local or non-U.S. laws or U.S. federal laws other than those pertaining to the U.S. federal income tax.

For purposes of this discussion, the term “U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of shares of common stock that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

 

•

an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

 

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a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;

 

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a trust (1) the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and which has one or more “United States persons” (as defined under the Code) who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (2) that has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person; or

 

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an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source.

For purposes of this discussion, the term “non-U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of shares of common stock that is neither a U.S. holder nor an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

This discussion applies only to U.S. holders and non-U.S. holders of shares of common stock who hold such shares as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). Further, this discussion is for general information purposes only and does not purport to address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to specific holders in light of their particular facts

 

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and circumstances, and it does not apply to holders subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws, such as, for example:

 

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insurance companies;

 

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dealers, brokers or traders in securities or currencies;

 

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traders in securities who elect to apply the mark-to-market method of accounting;

 

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broker-dealers;

 

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persons acting as nominees or otherwise not as beneficial owners;

 

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holders subject to the alternative minimum tax;

 

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persons who are required to recognize income or gain no later than such income or gain is required to be reported on an applicable financial statement;

 

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U.S. holders that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar;

 

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tax-exempt entities and organizations;

 

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retirement plans, individual retirement accounts or other tax-deferred or advantaged accounts (or persons holding shares of common stock through such plans or accounts);

 

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banks and other financial institutions;

 

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certain former citizens or former long-term residents of the United States;

 

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controlled foreign corporations or passive foreign investment companies;

 

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partnerships or other entities or arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes or other flow-through entities (and investors therein);

 

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S corporations;

 

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REITs;

 

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regulated investment companies;

 

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holders who own or have owned at any time, or are deemed to own or to have owned at any time, directly, indirectly or constructively, at least 5% or more, by voting power or value, of our stock;

 

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“qualified foreign pension funds” (within the meaning of Section 897(1)(2) of the Code) or entities all of the interests in which are held by a qualified pension fund;

 

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“qualified shareholders” (within the meaning of Section 897(k)(3) of the Code) or investors therein;

 

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non-U.S. holders who hold, or have held at any time, directly, indirectly, or constructively, more than 10% of our outstanding shares of common stock;

 

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holders who hold shares of common stock as part of a hedge, straddle, constructive sale, conversion or other integrated or risk reduction transaction; or

 

•

holders who acquired shares of common stock through the exercise of employee stock options or other equity awards, through a tax-qualified retirement plan or otherwise as compensation.

If a partnership (including any entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds shares of common stock, the tax treatment of a partner in that partnership will generally depend on the status of the partners and the activities of the partnership. Such a partner or partnership is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of the merger to it in light of its particular circumstances.

 

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DETERMINING THE ACTUAL TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE MERGER TO A HOLDER MAY BE COMPLEX AND WILL DEPEND ON A HOLDER’S SPECIFIC SITUATION. ALL HOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE MERGER TO THEM IN LIGHT OF THEIR PARTICULAR FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES, INCLUDING WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF ANY U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN OR OTHER TAX LAWS AND ANY POTENTIAL CHANGES IN SUCH LAWS.

Tax Classification of the Merger in General

It is expected the merger will be treated as (1) the adoption by the Company of a plan of liquidation, and (2) a sale by the Company of all of its assets to Merger Sub I (or, if applicable, its regarded owner for U.S. federal income tax purposes) in exchange for the common stock consideration to be provided to the holders of equity interests in the Company and the assumption of all of the Company’s liabilities, and any other applicable amounts, followed by a distribution of such common stock consideration, and any other applicable amounts, to the holders of equity interests in the Company in liquidation of the Company pursuant to Section 331 and Section 562 of the Code. As a REIT, the Company is generally entitled to receive a deduction for liquidating distributions, and we anticipate that our deemed liquidating distribution will exceed our taxable income recognized as a result of the merger (together with any other undistributed taxable income recognized in the taxable year of the merger). Accordingly, we anticipate that we will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain that we recognize in connection with the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement.

The remainder of this discussion assumes that the merger will be treated as described above.

Consequences of the Merger to U.S. Holders of Shares of Common Stock

The receipt of cash by U.S. holders in exchange for shares of common stock pursuant to the merger is expected to be treated as a distribution in complete liquidation of the Company and a fully taxable transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, a U.S. holder of shares of common stock will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between (1) the amount of cash received with respect to such U.S. holder’s shares of common stock in the merger, and (2) the U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares of common stock.

If a U.S. holder acquired different blocks of shares of common stock at different times and different prices, such U.S. holder must determine its adjusted tax basis, gain or loss and holding period separately with respect to each block of shares of common stock. Any such gain or loss will generally be capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if a U.S. holder’s holding period in the shares of common stock surrendered in the merger is greater than one year at the time of the merger. Long-term capital gains of certain non-corporate holders, including individuals, are generally eligible for reduced rates of taxation. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

A U.S. holder who has held shares of common stock for less than six months at the time of the merger, taking into account the holding period rules of Sections 246(c)(3) and (4) of the Code, and who recognizes a loss on the exchange of such shares of common stock in the merger, will be treated as recognizing a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends received from us, or such holder’s share of any designated retained capital gains, with respect to such shares.

Consequences of the Merger to Non-U.S. Holders of Shares of Common Stock

General. The U.S. federal income tax consequences to a non-U.S. holder of payments made with respect to such non-U.S. holder’s shares of common stock in connection with the merger will depend on various factors,

 

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including whether the receipt of such payments is treated as a distribution from the Company that is attributable to gain from the sale of USRPIs pursuant to the provisions of FIRPTA. The IRS announced in Notice 2007-55 that it intends to take the position that under current law a non-U.S. holder’s receipt of a liquidating distribution from a REIT (including payments made in connection with the merger, which as noted, are expected to be treated as distributions in complete liquidation of the Company for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is generally subject to tax under FIRPTA as a distribution to the extent attributable to gain from the sale of USRPIs. Although legislation effectively overriding Notice 2007-55 has previously been proposed, it is not possible to say if or when any such legislation will be enacted. Accordingly, we intend to take the position that payments made with respect the Company’s shares of common stock pursuant to the merger will be subject to tax in accordance with Notice 2007-55, subject to the 10% Exception, as described in more detail below. In general, the provisions governing the taxation of distributions by REITs can be less favorable to non-U.S. holders than the taxation of sales or exchanges of REIT stock by non-U.S. holders, and non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these provisions.

Distribution of Gain from the Disposition of U.S. Real Property Interests. To the extent that the tax treatment set forth in Notice 2007-55 applies, and the 10% Exception described in the next paragraph below does not apply, then, to the extent that payments received by a non-U.S. holder with respect to such non-U.S. holder’s common stock pursuant to the merger are treated as attributable to gain from the deemed or actual sale of our USRPIs, such amounts will be treated as income effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. holder, and generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis. A corporate non-U.S. holder will also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty). In addition, 21% (or 20% to the extent provided in the Treasury Regulations) of any such amounts paid to a non-U.S. holder will be withheld and remitted to the IRS.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if shares of our common stock are considered “regularly traded” (within the meaning of the applicable Treasury Regulations) on an established securities market located in the United States and the non-U.S. holder did not hold more than 10% of such class of stock at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of the merger, the tax treatment and consequences described above would not apply (the “10% Exception”), and non-U.S. holders would instead be subject to the rules described below under “—Taxable Sale of Common Stock.” We believe that shares of our common stock are, and will be at the time of the merger, considered regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States within the meaning of the applicable Treasury Regulations. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding tax consequences of the merger to them.

Taxable Sale of Common Stock. If both (A) the tax treatment set forth in Notice 2007-55 were not to apply to a non-U.S. holder’s receipt of payments with respect to such non-U.S. holder’s shares of common stock pursuant to the merger and (B) either (1) the “publicly traded exception” (as described below) applies or (2) we are a “domestically controlled qualified investment entity” (as described below), such that the Company’s shares of common stock do not constitute USRPIs under FIRPTA with respect to such non-U.S. holder, then the non-U.S. holder should not be subject to tax on any gain recognized in connection with the receipt of cash consideration payable pursuant to the merger (which, as described above under “—Consequences of the Merger to U.S. Holders of Shares of Common Stock” and subject to the discussion of Notice 2007-55 above, is generally expected to be treated as a distribution in complete liquidation of the Company and as amounts received in full payment in exchange for such holder’s shares of common stock) unless: (a) the gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States, or, if required pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, the gain is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States; or (b) the non-U.S. holder is an individual present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the merger and certain other requirements are met.

The “publicly traded exception” applies to a non-U.S. holder if our common stock is “regularly traded,” as defined by the applicable Treasury Regulations, and the non-U.S. holder has held 10% or less of the shares of common stock at all times during the shorter of the period that the non-U.S. holder owned such stock or the

 

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five-year period ending on the date of the merger. We believe that shares of our common stock are, and will be at the time of the merger, considered regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States within the meaning of the applicable Treasury Regulations.

We will be a “domestically controlled qualified investment entity” at the time of the merger if non-U.S. holders held directly or indirectly less than 50% in value of shares of our stock at all times during the five-year period ending with the merger. While we believe that the Company has been and currently is domestically controlled as of the date hereof, no assurances can be given that the actual ownership of shares of our stock has been or will be sufficient for us to qualify as a “domestically controlled qualified investment entity” at the time of the merger.

A non-U.S. holder whose gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States (or, if an applicable income tax treaty requires, is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States) will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such gain on a net basis in the same manner as a U.S. holder. In addition, a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation may be subject to the branch profits tax at a 30% rate (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on such effectively connected gain described above.

A non-U.S. holder who is an individual present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the merger and who meets certain other requirements will be subject to a flat 30% tax on the gain recognized in connection with the merger, which may be offset by certain U.S.-source capital losses of the non-U.S. holder.

If a non-U.S. holder’s shares of common stock constitute a USRPI under FIRPTA, any gain recognized by such holder on a sale of such stock will be treated as income effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. holder and generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis in the same manner as a U.S. holder (and, in the case of a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation, the branch profits tax as described above).

Income Tax Treaties. If a non-U.S. holder is eligible for treaty benefits under an income tax treaty with the United States, the non-U.S. holder may be able to reduce or eliminate certain of the U.S. federal income tax consequences discussed above, such as the branch profits tax. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisor regarding possible benefits under an applicable income tax treaty.

U.S. Withholding Tax. As described above, it is not entirely clear whether the receipt of payments pursuant to the merger by a non-U.S. holder will be treated as a sale or exchange of shares of common stock (if Notice 2007-55 does not apply) or as a distribution from the Company that is attributable to gain from the deemed sale of the Company’s USRPIs in the merger (if Notice 2007-55 does apply and the holder does not qualify for the 10% Exception described above). Accordingly, we intend to withhold, pursuant to FIRPTA, U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 21% (or 20% to the extent provided in applicable Treasury Regulations) from the portion of the consideration paid to a non-U.S. holder to the extent attributable to gains that the Company recognizes from sales of USRPIs, unless such non-U.S. holder qualifies for the 10% Exception described above. A non-U.S. holder may be entitled to a refund or credit against the holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, with respect to any amount withheld pursuant to FIRPTA; provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS on a timely basis. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisor regarding withholding tax considerations.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Information reporting and backup withholding may apply to payments made in connection with the merger. Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a holder of shares of common stock who (1) in the case of a U.S. holder, furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number, certifies that such holder is not subject to backup withholding on an IRS Form W-9, and otherwise complies with all applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules; (2) in the case of a non-U.S. holder, furnishes an applicable IRS Form W-8; or (3) provides

 

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proof that such holder is otherwise exempt from backup withholding and complies with other applicable rules and certification requirements. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be refunded or credited against a holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, so long as such holder furnishes the required information to the IRS in a timely manner.

THIS DISCUSSION OF THE MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TAX ADVICE. HOLDERS OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE MERGER, INCLUDING THE EFFECT OF ANY FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, NON-U.S. AND OTHER TAX LAWS.

Delisting of Our Common Stock and Deregistration of Our Common Stock

If the merger is completed, our common stock will no longer be traded on the NYSE and our common stock will be deregistered under the Exchange Act.

 

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THE MERGER AGREEMENT

The following summarizes the material provisions of the merger agreement. This summary does not purport to be complete and may not contain all of the information about the merger agreement that is important to you. The summary of the material terms of the merger agreement below and elsewhere in this proxy statement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the merger agreement, a copy of which is attached to this proxy statement as Annex A and which we incorporate by reference into this proxy statement. We recommend that you read the merger agreement attached to this proxy statement as Annex A carefully and in its entirety, as the rights and obligations of the parties are governed by the express terms of the merger agreement and not by this summary or any other information contained in this proxy statement.

The merger agreement contains representations and warranties made by, and to, us, the Partnership and the Parent Parties. These representations and warranties, which are set forth in the copy of the merger agreement attached to this proxy statement as Annex A, were made for the purposes of negotiating and entering into the merger agreement between the parties, or may have been used for the purpose of allocating risk between the parties instead of establishing such matters as facts. In addition, these representations and warranties may be subject to important qualifications and limitations agreed by the parties in connection with negotiating the terms of the merger agreement, were made as of specified dates, and may be subject to standards of materiality different from what may be viewed as material to our stockholders. Moreover, information concerning the subject matter of the representations and warranties, which do not purport to be accurate as of the date of this proxy statement, may have changed since the date of the merger agreement and subsequent developments or new information qualifying a representation or warranty may have been included in this proxy statement. You should not rely on the representations, warranties and covenants or any descriptions thereof as characterizations of the actual state of facts or conditions of us or our affiliates.

Structure

The Merger

On the closing date, the Company will be merged with and into Merger Sub I and the separate existence of the Company will cease. Merger Sub I will continue as the Surviving Company in the merger and will remain a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent. At the merger effective time, all of the properties, rights, privileges, powers and franchises of the Company and Merger Sub I will vest in the Surviving Company, and all debts, liabilities, duties and obligations of the Company and Merger Sub I will become the debts, liabilities, duties and obligations of the Surviving Company. Following the completion of the merger, our common stock will no longer be traded on the NYSE and will be deregistered under the Exchange Act.

The Partnership Merger

On the closing date, Merger Sub II will be merged with and into the Partnership and the separate existence of Merger Sub II will cease. The Partnership will continue as the Surviving Partnership in the partnership merger and will be a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (and after the merger effective time, of the Surviving Company). At the partnership merger effective time, all of the properties, rights, privileges, powers and franchises of Merger Sub II and the Partnership will vest in the Surviving Partnership, and all debts, liabilities, duties and obligations of Merger Sub II and the Partnership will become the debts, liabilities, duties and obligations of the Surviving Partnership.

Effective Times; Closing Date

On the closing date, the Partnership will cause articles of merger with respect to the partnership merger to be executed and filed with, and accepted for record by, the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland. The partnership merger will become effective upon the later of the acceptance for record of

 

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the partnership articles of merger by the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland or such other date and time (not to exceed 30 days from the date the partnership articles of merger are accepted for record by the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland) as may be agreed between the parties to the merger agreement and specified in the partnership articles of merger.

On the closing date, we and Merger Sub I will cause articles of merger with respect to the merger to be executed and filed with, and accepted for record by, the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland and cause a certificate of merger with respect to the merger to be executed and filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. The merger will become effective upon the later of the acceptance for record of the company articles of merger by the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland, the filing of the company certificate of merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or such other date and time (not to exceed 30 days from the date the company articles of merger are accepted for record by the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland) as may be agreed between the parties to the merger agreement and specified in the company articles of merger and the company certificate of merger.

Unless otherwise agreed in writing by the parties to the merger agreement, the partnership merger effective time and the merger effective time will occur on the closing date, and the merger effective time will occur immediately after the partnership merger effective time.

The closing of the mergers will take place on the third business day following the satisfaction or valid waiver of the conditions to the mergers described below in the section entitled “—Conditions to the Mergers” (other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied or waived at the closing, but subject to the satisfaction or valid waiver of such conditions at the closing) unless another place or date is agreed to in writing by us and Parent.

Organizational Documents

At the partnership merger effective time, the certificate of limited partnership of the partnership, as in effect immediately prior to the partnership merger effective time, will be the certificate of limited partnership of the Surviving Partnership until amended in accordance with applicable law. At the partnership merger effective time, the amended and restated agreement of limited partnership of the Partnership, as amended (which we refer to as the “partnership agreement”), will be amended as determined by Parent prior to the partnership merger effective time (which as so amended, we refer to as the “amended partnership agreement”), and the amended partnership agreement will be the limited partnership agreement of the Surviving Partnership until further amended in accordance with its terms and applicable law.

At the merger effective time, unless otherwise jointly determined by us and Parent prior to the merger effective time, the certificate of formation of Merger Sub I, as in effect immediately prior to the merger effective time except to the extent amended by the company certificate of merger to change the name of Merger Sub I to “American Campus Communities, LLC,” will be the certificate of formation of the Surviving Company, until amended in accordance with applicable law. At the merger effective time, unless otherwise jointly determined by us and Parent prior to the merger effective time, the limited liability company agreement of Merger Sub I, as in effect immediately prior to the merger effective time, will be the limited liability company agreement of the Surviving Company, until thereafter amended in accordance with the provisions thereof and applicable law.

General Partner and Officers

At the partnership merger effective time, American Campus Communities Holdings LLC, a Maryland limited liability company and our wholly owned subsidiary and the current sole general partner of the partnership, which we refer to as “Holdings,” will remain the sole general partner of the Surviving Partnership.

At the merger effective time, Parent will be the sole member and holder of common units of the Surviving Company and shall manage the Surviving Company. At the merger effective time, the officers of the Company immediately prior to the merger effective time will be the officers of the Surviving Company.

 

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Treatment of Common Stock and Compensatory Awards

Common Stock

The merger agreement provides that, at the merger effective time, each share of common stock, or fraction thereof, issued and outstanding as of immediately prior to the merger effective time (other than excluded common stock) will be automatically cancelled and converted into the right to receive an amount in cash equal to the common stock consideration, less any applicable withholding taxes. Excluded common stock will be automatically retired and will cease to exist with no consideration being paid with respect thereto in connection with, or as a consequence of, the merger. If we declare or pay a dividend on our common stock to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Code or to avoid or reduce the incurrence of income or excise taxes under the Code, in each case, as permitted under the merger agreement, the common stock consideration will be decreased by an amount equal to the per share amount of such dividend on the common stock.

Restricted Stock

The merger agreement provides that, immediately prior to the merger effective time, each outstanding share of restricted stock granted pursuant to the Company’s incentive award plans, other than deferred stock awards, will automatically become fully vested and all restrictions and reacquisition rights thereon will lapse, and thereafter all shares of common stock represented thereby will be considered outstanding for all purposes under the merger agreement and will have the right to receive the common stock consideration, less any applicable withholding taxes.

Deferred Stock Awards

The merger agreement provides that all deferred stock awards will, as of immediately before the merger effective time, become vested and no longer subject to restriction, and all deferred stock awards will, at the merger effective time, be adjusted and converted into a right of the holder to have allocated to the holder’s account under the deferred compensation plan an amount denominated in cash equal to the product of (1) the number of shares of common stock allocated to such account as of the merger effective time and (2) the merger consideration, and will no longer represent a right to receive a number of shares of common stock. Payments under our deferred compensation plan will be made in accordance with the timing set forth in the plan and the applicable payment elections for participants in the plan, subject to any right to terminate the plan and accelerate distributions of participant account balances pursuant to the terms of our deferred compensation plan and applicable law.

Treatment of Interests in the Partnership

The merger agreement provides that, at the partnership merger effective time, each partnership unit, or fraction thereof, issued and outstanding as of immediately prior to the partnership merger effective time (other than excluded partnership units) will be automatically cancelled and converted into the right to receive an amount in cash equal to the partnership unit consideration, less any applicable withholding taxes. Common partnership units, general partnership interests in the Partnership, and preferred partnership units, in each case, held by the Company or any wholly owned subsidiary of the Company will be unaffected by the partnership merger and will remain outstanding as partnership units of the Surviving Partnership held by the Company or the relevant wholly owned subsidiary. Common partnership units and preferred partnership units held by the Parent Parties or any of their respective wholly owned subsidiaries will be automatically cancelled and will cease to exist with no consideration being paid with respect thereto in connection with, or as a consequence of, the partnership merger.

As discussed above, if we declare or pay a dividend on our common stock to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Code, or to avoid or reduce the incurrence of income or excise taxes under the Code, in each case, as permitted under the merger agreement, the partnership unit consideration will be decreased by an amount equal to the per share amount of such dividend on the common stock.

 

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This proxy statement does not constitute any solicitation of consents in respect of the partnership merger, and does not constitute an offer to exchange the partnership units.

No Further Ownership Rights

From and after the merger effective time, holders of our common stock will cease to have any rights with respect to such shares of common stock, except as otherwise provided for in the merger agreement or by applicable law. From and after the partnership merger effective time, holders of partnership units will cease to have any rights with respect to such partnership units, except as otherwise provided for in the merger agreement or by applicable law. The applicable merger consideration paid in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement upon the exchange of book-entry shares representing common stock and partnership units, as applicable, will be deemed to have been paid in full satisfaction of all rights pertaining to such book-entry shares.

Payment Procedures

At or prior to the partnership merger effective time, Parent will deposit, or cause to be deposited, with a paying agent reasonably acceptable to us, a cash amount that, when taken together with available cash of the Company and its subsidiaries that is deposited with the paying agent at the partnership merger effective time, is sufficient in the aggregate to enable the paying agent to make the payments of the applicable merger consideration to holders of common stock and holders of partnership units, as applicable, outstanding immediately prior to the merger effective time and the partnership merger effective time, as applicable, less the applicable merger consideration to be paid in respect of the compensatory awards, which amounts will be delivered directly to the Surviving Company. At the merger effective time, Parent will deposit with the Surviving Company cash in the amount necessary, together with the other funds of the Surviving Company, to make the payments to holders of the compensatory awards, including the common stock consideration and all accrued and unpaid cash dividends, as applicable, and Parent will cause the Surviving Company to make such payments through the Surviving Company’s payroll as promptly as practicable, but in no event later than five business days after the merger effective time, or at such later time as necessary to avoid a violation and/or adverse tax consequences under Section 409A of the Code or comply with the terms of the deferred compensation plan.

Within five business days after the merger effective time, the paying agent will in accordance with, and as required by the paying agent’s customary procedures, (1) mail to each holder of record of book-entry shares that, (a) immediately prior to the partnership merger effective time, represented outstanding partnership units and (b) immediately prior to the merger effective time, represented shares of common stock, which were converted into the right to receive the partnership unit consideration and the common stock consideration, as applicable (and including, as applicable, the compensatory awards), an instruction request letter, including instructions for effecting the exchange of book-entry shares for the applicable merger consideration and (2) subject to the requirements set forth in the merger agreement, make delivery and disbursement of the applicable merger consideration out of the exchange fund to the holders of such book-entry shares upon surrender to the paying agent of such book-entry shares, in each case, other than to the holders of compensatory awards and less any applicable taxes required to be withheld with respect to such payment.

The exchange of book-entry shares representing common stock and partnership units, as applicable, will be effected in accordance with the paying agent’s customary procedures with respect to book-entry securities.

On or after the first anniversary of the merger effective time, the Surviving Company will be entitled to cause the paying agent to deliver to the Surviving Company any funds made available by Parent to the paying agent which have not been disbursed to holders of book-entry shares, and thereafter such holders will be entitled to look to the Surviving Company with respect to the cash amounts payable upon surrender of their book-entry shares. None of Parent, the Surviving Entities or the paying agent or any other person will be liable to any holder of common stock or partnership units, as applicable, for any amount properly delivered to a public official pursuant to any applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar law. Any amounts remaining unclaimed by

 

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holders of common stock or partnership units, as applicable, immediately prior to the time at which such amounts would otherwise escheat to, or become the property of, any governmental authority will, to the extent permitted by applicable law, become the property of the Surviving Company, free and clear of any claims or interest of any such holders or their successors, assigns or personal representatives previously entitled thereto.

As of the merger effective time and the partnership merger effective time, as applicable, the stock or unit transfer books of the Company and the Partnership, respectively, will be closed, and thereafter, there will be no further registration of transfers of any of the common stock or partnership units. If, after the merger effective time or the partnership merger effective time, book-entry shares representing common stock or partnership units, as applicable, are presented to the paying agent or the Surviving Entities for transfer, they will be cancelled and exchanged as provided in the merger agreement.

Each of the Company, the Partnership, the Parent Parties, the Surviving Entities and the paying agent (and any affiliates or designees of the foregoing) will be entitled to deduct and withhold from the applicable merger consideration and any other amounts otherwise payable pursuant to the merger agreement such amounts as it is required to deduct and withhold with respect to such payments under the Code or any other provision of state, local or foreign tax law. Any such amounts so deducted and withheld will be paid over to the applicable governmental authority in accordance with applicable law and will be treated for all purposes of the merger agreement as having been paid to the person in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made.

Representations and Warranties

We and the Partnership, jointly and severally, have made customary representations and warranties in the merger agreement that are subject, in some cases, to specified exceptions and qualifications contained in the merger agreement or in the disclosure schedules delivered in connection therewith. These representations and warranties relate to, among other things:

 

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the organization, valid existence, good standing, qualification to do business and power and authority to own, lease and, to the extent applicable, operate the properties and assets and to carry on our businesses as presently conducted of us and our subsidiaries;

 

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our charter and bylaws and the similar organizational documents of us and our subsidiaries;

 

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our and the Partnership’s power to execute and deliver the merger agreement, perform our obligations under the merger agreement and, subject to receipt of the stockholder approval in respect of the merger, to consummate the mergers and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement;

 

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the enforceability of the merger agreement against us and the Partnership;

 

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the stockholder approval required in connection with the approval of the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement;

 

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the vote or consent of the partners of the Partnership or the holders of any limited partnership units required in connection with the approval of the partnership merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement;

 

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the absence of conflicts with, or violations of, organizational or governing documents or any applicable law and the absence of any consents, notices or approvals under, or breaches of any obligation or defaults under, contracts or permits to which we or any of our subsidiaries is a party, in each case, in connection with execution and delivery of the merger agreement and the performance of the merger agreement and our and the Partnership’s obligations thereunder;

 

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consents, approvals, authorization or permits of, or filings with or notification to, any governmental authorities required in connection with execution and delivery of the merger agreement and the performance of the merger agreement;

 

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•

the capital structure and indebtedness of us and our subsidiaries, including our equity awards, the absence of restrictions or liens with respect to the equity interests of us and our subsidiaries, and the absence of declared and unpaid dividends and distributions of us and our subsidiaries;

 

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our SEC filings since January 1, 2019, and the financial statements contained in those filings;

 

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our internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures;

 

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our and our subsidiaries’ status under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;

 

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the conduct by us and our subsidiaries of our and our subsidiaries’ businesses in compliance with applicable laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder;

 

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conduct of business in all material respects in the ordinary course of business, the absence of any material adverse effect and certain other changes and events with respect to us and our subsidiaries since December 31, 2021 through the date of the merger agreement;

 

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the absence of certain undisclosed liabilities;

 

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possession of all permits necessary for us and our subsidiaries to own, lease and, to the extent applicable, operate the properties and to carry on our and our subsidiaries’ businesses substantially as currently conducted and the absence of certain conflicts with, or defaults or violations of, such permits;

 

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the absence of certain claims, actions, suits, litigation, proceedings, arbitrations or other legal proceedings related to us or our subsidiaries or any investigations by any governmental authority;

 

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real property owned and leased by us and our subsidiaries;

 

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our and our subsidiaries’ ground leases, leases, budgets, joint ventures, development plans and participation agreements;

 

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our and our subsidiaries’ buy/sell, put options, call options, redemption rights, options to purchase, marketing rights, forced sale, tag or drag rights or rights of first offer, rights of first refusal or rights that are similar to any of the foregoing, pursuant to the terms of which we or our subsidiaries could or could be required to purchase or sell the applicable equity interests of any person or any real property or any other material assets, rights or properties of us, our subsidiaries or our minority equity joint ventures (which we collectively refer to as “transfer rights”);

 

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environmental matters relating to us and our subsidiaries;

 

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our and our subsidiaries’ material contracts and the absence of certain violations, breaches or defaults under any material contract, including real property management agreements;

 

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tax matters affecting us and our subsidiaries;

 

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ownership of or rights with respect to the intellectual property of us and our subsidiaries;

 

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our and our subsidiaries’ information privacy and security policies and procedures;

 

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our and our subsidiaries’ insurance policies;

 

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our and our subsidiaries’ employee benefit plans;

 

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labor matters related to us and our subsidiaries;

 

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our contracts, arrangements, understandings, transactions or liabilities with any of our or our subsidiaries’ current or former director or officer and other related parties;

 

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the absence of any broker’s, finder’s or similar fees or commissions, other than those payable to our financial advisors, in connection with the mergers and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement;

 

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•

the receipt by our board of directors of a fairness opinion from BofA Securities to the effect that, as of the date of such opinion and based on and subject to the assumptions, limitations, qualifications and conditions set forth therein, the common stock consideration to be paid to holders (other than Parent and its affiliates) of our common stock is fair, from a financial point of view to such holders;

 

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the exemption of the mergers and the merger agreement from the requirements of any business combination, control share acquisition, fair price, moratorium or other similar antitakeover statutes or regulations; and

 

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the accuracy of the information supplied by us in this proxy statement.

Many of our representations and warranties are qualified by the concept of a “material adverse effect.” Under the merger agreement, a “material adverse effect” means, with respect to us and our subsidiaries, any event, circumstance, change, effect, development, condition or occurrence that, individually or in the aggregate, (1) has had or would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the business, assets, liabilities, condition (financial or otherwise) or results of operations of us and our subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (2) would prevent or materially impair our or the Partnership’s ability to consummate the mergers prior to October 18, 2022; provided that, for purposes of clause (1), “material adverse effect” will not include any event, circumstance, change, effect, development, condition or occurrence to the extent arising out of or resulting from any of the following:

 

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changes in economic, market or business conditions generally in the United States or any other jurisdiction in which we and our subsidiaries operate or in U.S. or global financial markets generally, including changes in interest or exchange rates and conditions related to or resulting from any pandemic or disease outbreak (including the COVID-19 pandemic) or any governmental response or reaction to any of the foregoing;

 

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changes in general economic conditions in the industries in which we and our subsidiaries operate;

 

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any changes in the legal, regulatory or political conditions in the United States or in any other country or region of the world;

 

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the commencement, escalation or worsening of a war or armed hostilities or the occurrence of acts of terrorism or sabotage occurring after the date of the merger agreement;

 

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the execution and delivery of the merger agreement or the public announcement of the mergers and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement (except this bullet will not apply to certain representations and warranties);

 

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the taking of any action expressly required by the merger agreement or any action at the written request or with the prior written consent of Parent;

 

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earthquakes, hurricanes, floods or other natural disasters;

 

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changes in law or GAAP (or the interpretation thereof) after the date of the merger agreement;

 

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pandemics, disease outbreak (including the COVID-19 pandemic) or other natural or manmade disasters or any governmental response or reaction to any of the foregoing;

 

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any claim, action, suit, litigation proceeding, arbitration or other legal proceeding made or initiated by any holder of common stock, including any derivative claims, arising out of or relating to the merger agreement, the mergers or the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement;

 

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a decline in the trading price or trading volume of the common stock or any change in the ratings or ratings outlook for us or any of our subsidiaries (except this bullet will not apply to the underlying causes thereof); and

 

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our failure to meet any internal or analysts’ projections, guidance, budgets, forecasts or estimates (except this bullet will not apply to the underlying causes thereof).

 

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In the case of each of the effects set forth in the first, second, third, fourth, seventh, eighth and ninth bullets above, such effects may be taken into account to the extent that the effects disproportionately affect the business, assets, liabilities, condition (financial or otherwise) or results of operations of us and our subsidiaries, taken as a whole, compared to other companies in the student housing industry that operate in the same geographical areas where we and our subsidiaries own or lease properties.

The merger agreement also contains customary representations and warranties made, jointly and severally, by the Parent Parties that are subject, in some cases, to specified exceptions and qualifications contained in the merger agreement. These representations and warranties relate to, among other things:

 

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their organization, valid existence, good standing, qualification to do business and power and authority to own, lease and, to the extent applicable, operate their properties and to carry on their businesses as presently conducted;

 

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the ownership of Merger Sub I and Merger Sub II, and absence of prior conduct of business of the Parent Parties;

 

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their limited liability company power and authority to execute and deliver the merger agreement, to perform their obligations under the merger agreement and to consummate the mergers and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement;

 

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the enforceability of the merger agreement against them;

 

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the absence of conflicts with, or violations of, organizational or governing documents and any applicable law, in each case, in connection with execution and delivery of the merger agreement and the performance of the merger agreement and their obligations thereunder;

 

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no vote of Parent’s equity holders is necessary to adopt the merger agreement or to approve any of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement;

 

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filings with or consent of any person in connection with the execution and delivery of the merger agreement or the consummation of the mergers;

 

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the equity commitment letter having been made available by Parent to us, the enforceability thereof, and, assuming the accuracy of our and the Partnership’s representations and warranties under the merger agreement and the performance in all material respects by us and the Partnership of our obligations under the merger agreement, at the closing, the net proceeds contemplated by the equity commitment letter will be sufficient for the Parent Parties and the Surviving Entities to pay all amounts required to be paid in connection with the mergers and the equity commitment letter, including payment of the merger consideration, repayment or refinancing of our or our subsidiaries’ debt contemplated by the merger agreement, and payment of all other fees and expenses and obligations required to be paid or satisfied by the Parent Parties in connection with the mergers and the equity financing;

 

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the solvency of each of Parent and the Surviving Entities as of the merger effective time and immediately after the consummation of the mergers;

 

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the limited guarantee executed by the Sponsor;

 

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the absence of any agreements (1) pursuant to which any of our stockholders would be entitled to receive consideration of a different amount or nature than the common stock consideration or pursuant to which any of our stockholders has agreed to vote to adopt the merger agreement or to vote against any superior proposal or (2) pursuant to which any of our stockholders has agreed to make an investment in, or contribution to, the Parent Parties in connection with the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, in each case that would not terminate and be void concurrently with any termination of the merger agreement;

 

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the absence of any agreements, arrangements or understandings between the Parent Parties, the Sponsor or any of their respective controlled affiliates, on the one hand, and any member of our

 

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management or board of directors, on the other hand, that relate in any way to, or are in connection with, the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement;

 

•

the absence of any claims, actions, suits, litigation, proceedings, arbitrations or other legal proceedings or investigations to which they are a party which would prevent or materially impair their ability to consummate the merger by October 18, 2022;

 

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their compliance with applicable laws, except where the failure to comply with such laws has not had and would not reasonably be expected to prevent or materially impair their ability to consummate the mergers by October 18, 2022;

 

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no broker, investment banker or other person being entitled to any broker’s, finder’s or other similar fee or commission payable by us, our affiliates or any of their respective stockholders in connection with the mergers and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement;

 

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the absence of beneficial ownership of our common stock and their status as not being “interested stockholders” of the Company (as defined in the Maryland General Corporation Law) within the past five years; and

 

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the accuracy of the information supplied by the Parent Parties in this proxy statement.

The representations and warranties of each of the parties to the merger agreement will expire upon the closing of the mergers.

Conduct of Our Business Pending the Mergers

Under the merger agreement, we and the Partnership have agreed that, subject to certain exceptions in the merger agreement and the disclosure schedules delivered in connection therewith, between the date of the merger agreement and the earlier of the merger effective time and the termination of the merger agreement in accordance with its terms (which period we refer to as the “interim period”), we and the Partnership will, and will cause our subsidiaries to:

 

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conduct our business in all material respects in the ordinary course and in a manner consistent with past practices; and

 

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use all reasonable efforts to preserve intact our current business organization, goodwill, ongoing businesses and significant relationships with tenants and other third parties, to retain the services of our current officers at the level of senior vice president or higher subject to the termination of officers for “cause,” to preserve our assets and properties in good repair and condition (normal wear and tear excepted) and to maintain our status as a REIT.

We and the Partnership have also each agreed that, subject to certain exceptions in the merger agreement and the disclosure schedules delivered in connection therewith, during the interim period, without the prior written consent of Parent (which consent may not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned), we and the Partnership will not, and will not cause or permit any of our subsidiaries or any minority equity joint venture over which we, the Partnership or any of our subsidiaries exercise control to, do any of the following, among other things:

 

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(1) amend or propose to amend our respective governing documents or, other than in the ordinary course of business, such equivalent organizational or governing documents of any subsidiary, in each case, whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise, (2) waive the “Ownership Limit” (as defined in our charter) or create (or increase) an excepted holder limit under our charter, (3) amend our joint venture agreements (or waive any material provision of our joint venture agreements) or (4) consent to the taking of any “major decision” or similar term under our minority equity joint venture agreements or take any “major decision” or similar term solely in the control of our subsidiaries under the minority equity joint venture agreements;

 

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•

adjust, split, combine, reclassify, or subdivide any of our or our subsidiaries’ shares of stock or other equity securities or ownership interests (other than any wholly owned subsidiary of the Partnership) (or, with respect to a minority equity joint venture or subsidiary thereof, consent to any of the foregoing actions or, if solely in our or our subsidiaries’ control, take any of the foregoing actions);

 

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declare, set aside or pay any dividend on or make any other actual, constructive or deemed distributions (whether in cash, stock, property or otherwise) with respect to our or our subsidiaries’ stock or other equity securities or ownership interests or otherwise make any payment to our stockholders or other equity holders in their capacity as such, except for (1) the declaration and payment of dividends or other distributions to us or any wholly owned subsidiary by any wholly owned subsidiary (other than distributions by the Partnership), (2) distributions by any subsidiary that is not wholly owned, directly or indirectly, in accordance with the requirements of the organizational documents of such subsidiary, or (3) distributions resulting from the vesting or settlement of compensatory awards in existence as of the date of the merger agreement or issued after the date of the merger agreement in accordance with the merger agreement or pursuant to the existing terms of the deferred compensation plan; provided, that we, the Partnership and each subsidiary REIT may declare and pay a dividend (including under Section 858 or Section 860 of the Code) on our common stock, distributions on the partnership units, and dividends (including under Section 858 or Section 860 of the Code) on such subsidiary REIT’s stock, as applicable, in such amounts determined by us or such subsidiary REIT, as applicable, in its sole discretion exercised in good faith to be required (after giving effect to the foregoing distributions) to be distributed in order for us or such subsidiary REIT to maintain our qualification as a REIT for such year and to avoid or reduce the incurrence of income or excise tax (with any such dividend resulting in a corresponding decrease to the common stock consideration and partnership unit consideration);

 

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redeem, repurchase or otherwise acquire, directly or indirectly, any shares of our or our subsidiaries’ capital stock or any other equity interests, except for shares of capital stock withheld by, or forfeited to, us in connection with the vesting and settlement of taxes for outstanding compensatory awards in the ordinary course;

 

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except for transactions among us and one or more wholly owned subsidiaries or among one or more wholly owned subsidiaries, issue, sell, pledge, dispose, permit any lien (other than permitted liens) on or grant any shares of our or our subsidiaries’ capital stock or any other equity interests or any options, warrants, convertible securities or other rights of any kind to acquire any shares of (or any rights linked to the value of) our or our subsidiaries’ capital stock or any other equity interests, or enter into any agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to the sale, registration or voting of our or our subsidiaries’ capital stock or any other equity interests (including forward equity sales), except for the issuance of (1) our common stock upon the exchange of partnership units in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement, (2) our common stock or partnership units pursuant to the exercise, vesting and/or settlement of compensatory awards outstanding as of the date of the merger agreement in accordance with their terms and (3) pursuant to the terms of the deferred compensation plan;

 

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acquire or agree to acquire (whether by merger, consolidation, acquisition of stock or assets, or otherwise) any assets or interest in any person, except (1) acquisitions by us or any wholly owned subsidiary of or from an existing wholly owned subsidiary and (2) other acquisitions of personal property and equipment in the ordinary course of business for a purchase price of less than $3,000,000 in the aggregate;

 

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sell, mortgage, pledge, lease, license, assign, transfer, abandon, dispose of or permit any material lien on, or effect a deed in lieu of foreclosure with respect to, any real property or any other material property, material rights or material assets of ours, our subsidiaries, our minority equity joint ventures or any of their subsidiaries, except pursuant to residential leases for student housing or commercial leases (other than those providing for annual rentals of $2,000,000 or more) or permitted liens, in each case, incurred in the ordinary course of business;

 

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incur, create, assume, guarantee, refinance, replace or prepay any of our or our subsidiaries’ indebtedness for borrowed money or issue or materially amend the terms of any indebtedness, except (1) the replacement of our current revolving loan facility with a replacement revolving loan facility on substantially the same terms as our current revolving loan facility, in a principal amount of no more than $260,000,000, provided that the replacement revolving loan facility shall be prepayable and terminable at any time without premium or penalty and shall provide for interest rates no higher than our current revolving loan facility, (2) new incurrences of indebtedness under our current revolving loan facility or any replacement revolving loan facility in the ordinary course of business that does not, in the aggregate, exceed $60,000,000, (3) new incurrence of indebtedness under our current revolving loan facility or any replacement revolving loan facility to repay our existing term loan, in an amount that does not, in the aggregate, exceed $200,000,000, (4) repayments under our current revolving loan facility or any replacement revolving loan facility in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice (specifically excluding the loans secured directly or indirectly by any of our properties) and (5) mandatory payments under the terms of any indebtedness in accordance with its terms, including the repayment of our existing term loan at the maturity thereof and in accordance with the foregoing clause (4);

 

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make any loans, advances or capital contributions to, or investments in, any other person (including to any of its officers, directors, affiliates, agents or consultants) or make any change in its existing borrowing or lending arrangements for or on behalf of such persons, other than by us or a wholly owned subsidiary to us or a wholly owned subsidiary;

 

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enter into, renew, modify, amend or terminate, or waive, release, compromise or assign any rights or claims under, any material contract, other than any termination or renewal in accordance with the terms of any existing material contract that occurs automatically without any action by us or any of our subsidiaries; provided, however, that if Parent fails to respond to our written request for approval of any such action (which response may include a request for additional information) within 48 hours of receipt of any such request, Parent will be deemed to have given its written consent to such action;

 

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make any payment, direct or indirect, of any liability of ours or our subsidiaries before the same comes due in accordance with its terms, other than (1) in the ordinary course of business, or (2) in connection with dispositions or refinancings of any indebtedness otherwise permitted under the merger agreement;

 

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waive, release, assign, settle or compromise any claim, action, suit, litigation, arbitration or other legal proceeding, other than waivers, releases, assignments, settlements or compromises that (1) with respect to the payment of monetary damages, involve only the payment of monetary damages (excluding any portion of such payment payable under an existing property-level insurance policy) that do not exceed $2,000,000 individually or $10,000,000 in the aggregate, (2) do not involve the imposition of injunctive relief against us, any of our subsidiaries or the Surviving Entities, (3) do not provide for any admission of liability by us or any of our subsidiaries, and (4) with respect to any action involving any present, former or purported holder or group of holders of common stock comply with the provisions of the merger agreement (excluding, in each case, any such matter related to taxes);

 

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(1)(a) except where due to cause, terminate any executive officer, or (b) hire any executive officer or any employee who is not an executive officer, other than with respect to a non-executive officer employee with a prospective annual base salary of not more than $200,000, (2) increase in any manner the amount, rate or terms of compensation or benefits of any of our or our subsidiaries’ directors, officers or employees, except for increases in annual compensation or wage rate in the ordinary course of business or as required under our or our subsidiaries’ benefit plans or as may be required to comply with applicable law, (3) enter into, adopt, amend or terminate any employment, bonus, severance or retirement contract or benefit plan or other compensation or employee benefits arrangement, except in the ordinary course in conjunction with annual employee benefit plan renewals or as may be required to comply with applicable law, (4) grant to any of our or our subsidiaries’ directors, officers or employees any new or additional entitlement to severance or termination pay or any other payments or

 

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benefits triggered by a change of control or by the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement or (5) recognize any union or other labor organization as the representative of any of our or our subsidiaries’ employees, or enter into collective bargaining agreement with any labor organization;

 

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make any material change to its methods, principles or procedures of accounting in effect as of December 31, 2021, except as required by a change in GAAP or in applicable law, or make any change with respect to accounting policies, principles or practices, in each case, except for such changes that are required by GAAP, the SEC or applicable law, or as otherwise specifically disclosed in our SEC documents filed prior to the date hereof;

 

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enter into any new line of business;

 

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enter into or modify in a manner adverse to us, any of our subsidiaries or any minority equity joint venture, or take (or fail to take) any action that would violate, be inconsistent with, or give rise to liability with respect to, any tax protection agreement, make, change or rescind any entity classification or other material election relating to taxes, change a material method of tax accounting, change any tax accounting period, file or amend any material tax return, settle or compromise any material tax liability, audit, claim or assessment, enter into any material closing agreement related to taxes, knowingly surrender any right to claim any material tax refund, or give or request any waiver or extension of a statute of limitation with respect to any material tax return or tax claim or assessment except, in each case, (1) to the extent required by law, or (2) to the extent necessary, as reasonably determined after consultation with Parent, (a) to preserve our or any subsidiary REIT’s qualification as a REIT under the Code, or (b) to qualify or preserve the status of any of our subsidiaries or any minority equity joint venture as a disregarded entity or partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes or as a “qualified REIT subsidiary” or a “taxable REIT subsidiary” under the applicable provisions of Section 856 of the Code, as the case may be;

 

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take any action that would, or fail to take any action, the failure of which to be taken would, reasonably be expected to cause us or any subsidiary REIT to fail to qualify as a REIT or any of our subsidiaries (including any subsidiary of a minority equity joint venture) to cease to be treated as (1) a partnership or disregarded entity for federal income tax purposes, or (2) a REIT, “qualified REIT subsidiary” or a “taxable REIT subsidiary” under the applicable provisions of Section 856 of the Code, as the case may be;

 

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make or commit to make any capital expenditures other than (1) capital expenditures of up to (a) with respect to each project, 110% of the respective amounts specified for such project in the capital expenditure budget and (b) 105% of the amount specified for all such expenditures in the capital expenditure budget taken as a whole or (2) for emergency repairs required by law;

 

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adopt a plan of merger or complete or partial liquidation with respect to us or any of our subsidiaries or resolutions providing for or authorizing such merger, liquidation or a dissolution, consolidation, recapitalization or bankruptcy reorganization (or, with respect to our minority equity joint ventures or subsidiary thereof, consent to any of the foregoing actions or, if solely in our or our subsidiaries’ control, take any of the foregoing actions);

 

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materially modify or reduce the amount of any insurance coverage provided by our insurance policies, except in the ordinary course of business;

 

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make any material adverse change to our publicly posted privacy policies or the operation or security of our information system, software, website, system, network or hardware that is used in the course of our business activities, except as required by applicable law;

 

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(1) initiate or consent to any zoning reclassification of any of our properties, or any change to any approved site plan, special use permit or other land use entitlement affecting any of our properties, except with respect to land held for development, or (2) amend, modify or terminate, or fail to use commercially reasonable efforts to avoid the lapse of, any of our or our subsidiaries’ permits, (or, in the

 

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