The
Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has not approved or disapproved these
securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Zacks
Funds
Each
a series of the Investment Managers Series Trust (the “Trust”)
Each
of the funds described in this Prospectus will be referred to
as
a “Fund” and collectively as the “Funds”
Table of
Contents
ZACKS
MARKET NEUTRAL FUND
3
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE AND PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
3
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND
5
PERFORMANCE
6
FEES
AND EXPENSES
7
ZACKS
MULTI-CAP OPPORTUNITIES FUND
9
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
9
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND
11
PERFORMANCE
12
FEES
AND EXPENSES
13
MANAGEMENT
OF THE FUNDS
15
PURCHASE
OF SHARES
23
REDEMPTION
OF SHARES
25
FREQUENT
PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS
27
SHAREHOLDER
SERVICES AND POLICIES
28
DIVIDENDS
AND DISTRIBUTIONS
29
FEDERAL
INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
29
OTHER
INFORMATION
30
FINANCIAL
HIGHLIGHTS
42
FOR
MORE INFORMATION
Back
Cover
No
dealer, salesperson or any other person has been authorized to give any
information or to make any representations, other than those contained in this
Prospectus, in connection with the offer contained in this Prospectus and, if
given or made, such other information or representations must not be relied upon
as having been authorized by the Funds, Zacks Investment Management, Inc., the
Funds’ advisor (the "Advisor"), or the Funds’ distributor. This Prospectus does
not constitute an offer by the Funds or by the Funds’ distributor to sell or a
solicitation of an offer to buy any of the securities offered hereby in any
jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful for the Funds to make such an
offer in such jurisdiction.
2
ZACKS
MARKET NEUTRAL FUND
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE AND PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
Investment
Objective
The
Zacks Market Neutral Fund's investment objective is to generate positive returns
in both rising and falling equity markets. The Fund will
simultaneously invest in long and short equity positions to minimize portfolio
exposure to general equity market risk. There is no guarantee that
the Fund will achieve its objective. The Fund's
investment objective is not fundamental, and may be changed by the Board of
Trustees without shareholder approval.
Principal Investment
Strategies
The
goal of market neutral investing is to generate returns that are independent of
the direction of the stock market. The Fund seeks a total return
greater than the return on three-month U.S. Treasury Bills. The Fund
attempts to maintain minimal exposure to general market risk by always having
both long and short positions in stocks. The Fund has a long position
in a security when it owns the security and has “sold short” a position when it
sells a security it does not own. When the Fund has “sold short,” it
must borrow the security in order to settle the sale and buy the security at a
later date to pay back the lender. The Fund must maintain collateral
at least equal to the current market value of the security sold short. The Fund
will not make a short sale if the market value of all short positions would
exceed 100% of the value of the Fund’s net assets giving effect to such
sale.
The Fund
will maintain long positions in stocks that the Advisor believes will outperform
the market and short positions in stocks that the Advisor believes will
underperform the market. Under normal circumstances, the Fund seeks to maintain
a balance between investments that are expected to benefit from a general rise
in stock prices and investments that are expected to benefit from a general
stock market decline.
The Fund
pursues its investment objective by applying a hybrid research process, which
uses both quantitative and qualitative criteria. One proprietary
model the Advisor uses to quantitatively assess the attractiveness of a large
universe of stocks is based primarily on an analysis of changing patterns of
earnings estimates for a company (the "Zacks Rank"). The primary aim of the
Zacks Rank model for the Fund is to identify companies most likely to experience
positive earnings estimate revisions for long positions and companies most
likely to experience lower earnings estimate revisions for short positions. From
a smaller universe of stocks that are ranked by the quantitative model
(approximately 300 securities), the portfolio managers using traditional
"bottom-up" valuation metrics select stocks with strong earnings potential for
long positions and select stocks with weak earnings potential for short
positions.
Portfolio
construction is driven by modern portfolio theory incorporating strict risk
controls. Under normal circumstances, the Advisor expects to invest primarily in
equity securities with an emphasis on equity securities of U.S. issuers. The
Fund also may invest in equity securities of Canadian issuers and American
Depository Receipts (“ADRs”). ADRs are receipts that represent interests in
foreign securities held on deposit by U.S. banks. The Fund seeks to diversify
its assets by investing in securities from a pool of more than a dozen industry
sectors and over two hundred (200) industry groups. The Advisor allocates assets
opportunistically based on market information and is not constrained by market
capitalization or style parameters. These policies are non-fundamental and may
be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder
approval.
Investment
Philosophy. The Advisor's investment strategy is based on the belief that
just as the broader markets are driven by investors' expectations of interest
rates, inflation and economic growth, each individual company's stock price is
also driven by expectations. The most critical expectations are the projected
earnings for the current quarter, the current fiscal year and the next fiscal
year.
These
earnings expectations, or estimates, and their continual revisions are generated
by approximately 3,500 securities analysts employed by over 200
brokerage/research firms providing ongoing investment research to the Advisor.
These analysts closely monitor selected groups of companies, analyzing their
financial data, their competitors and their markets. They also evaluate new
products and services provided by the companies and meet with company executives
to learn more about a company's operations. The analysts use this information to
arrive at estimates of a company's future earnings.
3
Statistical
studies indicate that when analysts' earnings estimates for a company are
revised upward, the stock, on average, will outperform the market. Conversely,
if earnings estimates for a company are revised downward, the stock, on average,
will underperform the market.
The
Advisor selects stocks to hold long that it believes will experience future
upward estimate revisions or are attractively valued and consequently will
experience upward price movements. Conversely, the Advisor will select stocks to
short sell that it believes will experience future downward revisions or are
overvalued and consequently will experience downward price
movements. The Advisor relies on information provided by its
affiliate, Zacks Investment Research, Inc., to make these investment
decisions.
Zacks
Investment Research, Inc. developed a system and database to monitor the
earnings estimates of virtually all of the analysts that follow a given company.
The Zacks database covers approximately 4,000 U.S. and Canadian companies and is
updated daily. Zacks Investment Research, Inc. uses this database to produce the
Zacks Rank, a ranking of companies based on patterns in earnings estimate
revisions and deviations between reported quarterly earnings and analysts'
estimates of earnings for the quarter. The Zacks Rank seeks to predict future
relative investment performance over a 3-6 month horizon, for over 4,000 U.S.
and Canadian companies.
Zacks
Investment Research, Inc. has been producing the Zacks Rank on a weekly basis
since 1981. The Zacks Rank classifies companies into five categories, numbered
one through five. The stocks in category one are expected to have upward
estimate revisions and the stocks in category five are expected to have downward
estimate revisions. The Advisor has used the Zacks Rank since 1994 as one factor
when making stock selection decisions for institutional accounts. The Advisor
uses the Zacks Rank as well as other factors, in managing investments in the
Fund.
Decision Process
and Stock Selection. The Advisor's decision process is based on the
portfolio managers' evaluation of a wide range of fundamental factors, including
the Zacks Rank and other proprietary models, to determine if a company's stock
should be purchased for or sold from the portfolio.
Secondary Investment
Strategies
Although
not primary investment strategies, the Fund is authorized to use certain
derivative instruments for hedging and risk management strategies; enter into
forward commitment transactions for the purchase and sale of securities on a
"when-issued" or “delayed delivery" basis; engage in repurchase agreement
transactions; invest up to 15% of the Fund's net assets in illiquid or
restricted securities; and lend portfolio securities. These investment
strategies are described in the Statement of Additional Information
(“SAI”).
The
Fund may, for temporary defensive purposes, hold a substantial percentage of the
Fund's assets in cash reserves (short-term money market instruments) during
times in which investment risks in the equity markets appear substantial in the
opinion of the Advisor. The Fund may not achieve its investment objective when
invested for temporary defensive purposes.
Portfolio
Turnover
The
Fund will buy and sell securities to seek to achieve its investment objective.
Portfolio turnover generally involves some expense to the Fund, including
brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale
of securities and reinvestment in other securities. Higher portfolio
turnover may decrease the after-tax return to individual investors in the Fund
to the extent it results in a decrease of the long-term capital gains portion of
distributions to shareholders. Although the Fund cannot accurately predict its
portfolio turnover rate, at times the Fund's annual turnover rate may exceed
100%. A high turnover rate (100% or more) results in greater trading costs to
the Fund and may result in greater realization of taxable short-term capital
gains.
4
PRINCIPAL RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE
FUND
Investors
should consider the following risk factors and special considerations associated
with investing in the Fund, which may cause you to lose money.
Principal Investment
Risks
Investment
Risk. An investment in the Fund is subject to investment risk, including
the possible loss of the entire principal amount that you invest.
Equity
Risk. A principal risk of investing in the Fund is equity risk, which is
the risk that the value of the securities held by the Fund will fall due to
general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in
which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors
relating to specific companies in which the Fund invests. For example, an
adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of
equity securities of an issuer held by the Fund; the price of common stock of an
issuer may be particularly sensitive to general movements in the stock market;
or a drop in the stock market may depress the price of most or all of the common
stocks and other equity securities held by the Fund. The stock market has been
subject to significant volatility recently which has increased the risk
associated with an investment in the Fund. Common stock of an issuer
in the Fund's portfolio may decline in price if the issuer fails to make
anticipated dividend payments because, among other reasons, the issuer of the
security experiences a decline in its financial condition. Common stock is
subordinated to preferred stocks, bonds and other debt instruments in a
company's capital structure, in terms of priority to corporate income, and
therefore will be subject to greater dividend risk than preferred stocks or debt
instruments of such issuers. In addition, while broad market measures of common
stocks have historically generated higher average returns than fixed income
securities, common stocks have also experienced significantly more volatility in
those returns. Although the Fund seeks to minimize equity risk, it
cannot be eliminated. The Fund’s long positions may decline in value
at the same time that the value of the securities sold short increases, thereby
increasing the potential for losses. As a result, the value of your shares may
decrease.
Short
Sales Risk. In order to establish a short position in a
security, the Fund must first borrow the security from a broker or other
institution to complete the sale. The Fund may not always be able to borrow a
security, or to close out a short position at a particular time or at an
acceptable price. If the price of the borrowed security increases between the
date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the security, the
Fund may experience a loss. The Fund’s loss on a short sale is limited only by
the maximum attainable price of the security (which could be limitless) less the
price the Fund paid for the security at the time it was borrowed.
Management
Risk. The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively
managed portfolio. In acting as the Fund’s advisor, the Advisor applies
investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the
Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these will produce the desired
results.
Risks
of Mid-Cap and Small-Cap Companies. The Fund may invest in equity
securities of companies of any size capitalization, including mid-cap and
small-cap companies. The securities of small- or mid-cap companies may be
subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements and may have lower trading
volumes or more erratic trading than securities of larger-sized companies or the
market averages in general. In addition, such companies typically are subject to
a greater degree of change in earnings and business prospects than are
larger-sized, more established companies.
Income and
Distribution Risk. The income that shareholders receive from the Fund
through annual distributions is based primarily on the dividends and interest
the Fund earns from its investments. Dividend payments the Fund receives in
respect of its portfolio securities can vary widely over the short and long
term. Dividends on an issuer’s common stock are not fixed but are declared at
the discretion of the issuer's board of directors. There is no guarantee that
the issuers of common stocks in which the Fund invests will declare dividends in
the future or that if declared they will remain at current levels or increase
over time.
5
Foreign
Investment Risk. Although the Fund will limit its investment in
securities of foreign issuers to ADRs and Canadian issuers, the Fund's
investments in non-U.S. issuers may involve unique risks compared to investing
in securities of U.S. issuers. Adverse political, economic or social
developments could undermine the value of the Fund's investments or prevent the
Fund from realizing the full value of its investments. Financial
reporting standards for companies based in foreign markets differ from those in
the United States. Finally, the value of the currency of the country in which
the Fund has invested could decline relative to the value of the U.S. dollar,
which may affect the value of the investment to U.S. investors. In addition, the
underlying issuers of certain depositary receipts, particularly unsponsored or
unregistered depositary receipts, are under no obligation to distribute
shareholder communications to the holders of such receipts, or to pass through
to them any voting rights with respect to the deposited securities.
Additional Risk
Considerations
In
addition to the risks described above, there are certain other risks related to
investing in the Fund. These risks are described further in the
SAI.
PERFORMANCE
Because
the Fund is new, it does not have a full calendar year performance record to
compare against other mutual funds or broad measures of securities market
performance such as indices. Performance information will be available after the
Fund has been in operation for one calendar year.
6
FEES AND
EXPENSES
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold
shares of the Zacks Market Neutral Fund.
SHAREHOLDER
FEES
(paid
directly from your investment)*
Class
A
Shares
Class
C Shares
Maximum
sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering
price)
5.75%1
None
Maximum
deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of the lesser of original
purchase price or redemption proceeds)
None2
1.00%3
Redemption
fee
2.00%4
2.00%4
ANNUAL
FUND OPERATING EXPENSES
(expenses
that are deducted from Fund assets)
Class
A
Shares
Class
C Shares
Management
Fees
1.10%
1.10%
Distribution
and/or Service (12b-1) Fees
0.25%
1.00%5
Other
Expenses:
Dividend
Expenses on Short Sales 6
0.55%
0.55%
Remainder
of Other Expenses
0.37%
0.35%
Total
Other Expenses
0.92%
0.90%
Acquired
Fund Fees and Expenses
0.01%
0.01%
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses7,
2.28%
3.01%
Expense
Waiver and Reimbursements,8
(0.07)%
(0.07)%
Net
Operating Expenses7,8
2.21%
2.94%
1 Because
of rounding in the calculation of front-end sales charges, the actual front-end
sales charge paid by an investor may be higher or lower than the percentage
noted above.
2 The
redemption of shares purchased pursuant to the Large Order Net Asset Value
Purchase Privilege may be subject to a Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (“CDSC”)
of 1.00% if redeemed within 12 months of purchase and 0.50% if redeemed during
months 13-18. See "Purchase of Shares--Class A Shares."
3 Class
C Shares of the Fund are subject to a CDSC of 1.00% on any shares sold within 12
months of owning them and 0.50% during months 13-18.
4
Except in such circumstances as described under the heading
“Redemption of Shares,” shares redeemed within 30 days of purchase, including
redemptions in connection with an exchange, will be subject to a 2.00%
redemption fee paid to the Fund.
5 While
Class C Shares do not have any front-end sales charges, due to their higher
ongoing annual expenses (resulting from higher 12b-1 distribution and service
fees) over time you could end up paying more for these shares than if you were
to pay front-end sales charges for Class A Shares.
6 Dividend
Expenses on Short Sales are dividends paid to the lenders of borrowed
securities. Dividend expenses will vary depending on whether the
securities that the Fund borrows (to sell short) pay dividends and the amount of
those dividends.
7 The
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses and Net Operating Expenses do not correlate
to the ratio of expense to average net assets appearing in the Financial
Highlights table, which table reflects only the operating expenses of the Fund
and does not include Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.
8 The
Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and, if necessary,
to reimburse other operating expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund
Operating Expenses (excluding taxes, leverage interest, brokerage
commissions, dividend expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses
(as determined in accordance with Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection
with any merger or reorganization, or extraordinary expenses such as
litigation) to 1.65%
and 2.40% of average daily net assets for Class A Shares and Class C Shares,
respectively. This agreement will remain in effect until March 31,2012. The Advisor is permitted to seek reimbursement from the
Fund of previously waived fees or reimbursements to the Fund for three years
from the date fees were waived or Fund expenses were paid if such repayment can
be achieved within the Fund’s expense limit in effect at the time such expense
was incurred and if certain other conditions are satisfied.
*The
Fund’s transfer agent charges a $15 fee ($20 for Saturday delivery) for
redemption proceeds paid via wire transfer or in check form sent via overnight
delivery. There is also a $15 annual maintenance fee on retirement
accounts and a $15 fee for each redemption from a retirement
account.
7
Example
This
example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The
example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods
indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The
example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, that all
dividend and capital gains are reinvested and that the Fund's operating expenses
(assuming fee waivers in each period) remain the same each year. Although your
actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would
be:
One
Year
Three
Years
Class
A Shares
$785
$1,224
Class
C Shares
$398
$907
You would
pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your shares:
One
Year
Three
Years
Class
A Shares
$785
$1,224
Class
C Shares
$296
$907
The
dollar amounts in the example above reflect the Advisor's contractual agreement
to waive its management fee and reimburse other operating expenses to limit
total annual operating expenses through March 31, 2012 as described
above.
8
ZACKS
MULTI-CAP OPPORTUNITIES FUND
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
Investment
Objectives
The
Zacks Multi-Cap Opportunities Fund's primary investment objective is capital
appreciation. The Fund's secondary objective is to provide shareholders with
income through dividends. The Fund's investment objectives are not fundamental,
and may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder
approval.
Principal Investment
Strategies
The
Fund pursues its investment objectives by applying a hybrid research process,
which uses both quantitative and qualitative criteria. The Advisor
uses the Zacks Rank to quantitatively assess the attractiveness of a large
universe of stocks based primarily on an analysis of changing patterns of
earnings estimates for a company. The primary aim of the Zacks Rank model is to
identify those companies most likely to experience positive earnings estimate
revisions. From a smaller universe of stocks that are highly ranked by the
quantitative model (approximately 300 securities), the portfolio managers select
stocks with strong earnings potential using traditional "bottom-up" valuation
metrics.
Portfolio
construction is driven by modern portfolio theory incorporating strict risk
controls. Under normal circumstances, the Advisor expects to invest primarily in
equity securities with an emphasis on equity securities of U.S. issuers. The
Fund seeks to diversify its assets by investing in securities from a pool of
more than a dozen industry sectors and over two hundred (200) industry groups.
The Advisor allocates assets opportunistically based on market information and
is not constrained by market capitalization or style parameters. Sector,
capitalization and style allocations generally result from market trends
regarding earnings information.
Under
normal circumstances, the Fund invests primarily in equity securities of U.S.
issuers. The Fund also may invest in equity securities of Canadian issuers and
ADRs. ADRs are receipts that represent interests in foreign securities held on
deposit by U.S. banks. These policies are non-fundamental and may be
changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval.
Investment
Philosophy. The Advisor's investment strategy is based on the belief that
just as the broader markets are driven by investors' expectations of interest
rates, inflation and economic growth, each individual company's stock price is
also driven by expectations. The most critical expectations are the projected
earnings for the current quarter, the current fiscal year and the next fiscal
year.
These
earnings expectations, or estimates, and their continual revisions are generated
by approximately 3,500 securities analysts employed by over 200
brokerage/research firms providing ongoing investment research to the Advisor.
These analysts closely monitor selected groups of companies, analyzing their
financial data, their competitors and their markets. They also evaluate new
products and services provided by the companies and meet with company executives
to learn more about a company's operations. The analysts use this information to
arrive at estimates of a company's future earnings.
Statistical
studies indicate that when analysts' earnings estimates for a company are
revised upward, the stock, on average, will outperform the market. Conversely,
if earnings estimates for a company are revised downward, the stock, on average,
will underperform the market.
The
Advisor selects stocks that it believes will experience future upward estimate
revisions and consequently upward price movements. The Advisor relies on
information provided by its affiliate, Zacks Investment Research, Inc., to make
these investment decisions.
Zacks
Investment Research, Inc. developed a system and database to monitor the
earnings estimates of virtually all of the analysts that follow a given company.
The Zacks database covers approximately 4,000 U.S. and Canadian companies and is
updated daily. Zacks Investment Research, Inc. uses this database to
produce the Zacks Rank, a ranking of companies based on patterns in earnings
estimate revisions and deviations between reported quarterly earnings and
analysts' estimates of earnings for the quarter. The Zacks Rank seeks to predict
future relative investment performance over a 3-6 month horizon, for over 4,000
U.S. and Canadian companies.
9
Zacks
Investment Research, Inc. has been producing the Zacks Rank on a weekly basis
since 1981. The Zacks Rank classifies companies into five categories, numbered
one through five. The stocks in category one are expected to have upward
estimate revisions and the stocks in category five are expected to have downward
estimate revisions. The Advisor has used the Zacks Rank since 1994 as one factor
when making stock selection decisions for institutional accounts. The Advisor
plan uses the Zacks Rank, as well as other factors, in managing investments in
the Fund.
Decision Process
and Stock Selection. The Advisor's decision process is based on the
portfolio managers' evaluation of a wide range of fundamental factors, including
the Zacks Rank, to determine if a company's stock should be purchased for or
sold from the portfolio.
Secondary Investment
Strategies
Although
not primary investment strategies, the Fund is authorized to use certain
derivative instruments for hedging and risk management strategies; enter into
forward commitment transactions for the purchase and sale of securities on a
"when-issued" or “delayed delivery" basis; make short sales of securities;
engage in repurchase agreement transactions; invest up to 15% of the Fund's net
assets in illiquid or restricted securities; and lend portfolio securities.
These investment strategies are described in the SAI.
The
Fund may, for temporary defensive purposes, hold a substantial percentage of the
Fund's assets in cash reserves (short-term money market instruments) during
times in which investment risks in the equity markets appear substantial in the
opinion of the Advisor. The Fund may not achieve its investment objectives when
invested for temporary defensive purposes.
Portfolio
Turnover
The
Fund will buy and sell securities to seek to achieve its investment objectives.
Portfolio turnover generally involves some expense to the Fund, including
brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale
of securities and reinvestment in other securities. Higher portfolio
turnover may decrease the after-tax return to individual investors in the Fund
to the extent it results in a decrease of the long-term capital gains portion of
distributions to shareholders. Although the Fund cannot accurately predict its
portfolio turnover rate, under normal conditions it expects to maintain
relatively low turnover of its portfolio. However, the Fund's annual turnover
rate has, at times, historically exceeded 100% and may exceed 100% in the
future. A high turnover rate (100% or more) results in greater trading costs to
the Fund and may result in greater realization of taxable short-term capital
gains.
10
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND
Investors
should consider the following risk factors and special considerations associated
with investing in the Fund, which may cause you to lose money.
Principal Investment
Risks
Investment
Risk. An investment in the Fund is subject to investment risk, including
the possible loss of the entire principal amount that you
invest.
Equity
Risk. A principal risk of investing in the Fund is equity risk, which is
the risk that the value of the securities held by the Fund will fall due to
general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in
which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors
relating to specific companies in which the Fund invests. For example, an
adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of
equity securities of an issuer held by the Fund; the price of common stock of an
issuer may be particularly sensitive to general movements in the stock market;
or a drop in the stock market may depress the price of most or all of the common
stocks and other equity securities held by the Fund. The stock market has been
subject to significant volatility recently which has increased the risk
associated with an investment in the Fund. Common stock of an issuer
in the Fund's portfolio may decline in price if the issuer fails to make
anticipated dividend payments because, among other reasons, the issuer of the
security experiences a decline in its financial condition. Common stock is
subordinated to preferred stocks, bonds and other debt instruments in a
company's capital structure, in terms of priority to corporate income, and
therefore will be subject to greater dividend risk than preferred stocks or debt
instruments of such issuers. In addition, while broad market measures of common
stocks have historically generated higher average returns than fixed income
securities, common stocks have also experienced significantly more volatility in
those returns.
Risks
of Mid-Cap and Small-Cap Companies. The Fund may invest in equity
securities of companies of any size capitalization, including mid-cap and
small-cap companies. The securities of small- or mid-cap companies may be
subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements and may have lower trading
volumes or more erratic trading than securities of larger-sized companies or the
market averages in general. In addition, such companies typically are subject to
a greater degree of change in earnings and business prospects than are
larger-sized, more established companies.
Income and
Distribution Risk. The income that shareholders receive from the Fund
through annual distributions is based primarily on the dividends and interest
the Fund earns from its investments. Dividend payments the Fund receives in
respect of its portfolio securities can vary widely over the short and long
term. Dividends on and issuer’s common stock are not fixed but are declared at
the discretion of the issuer's board of directors. There is no guarantee that
the issuers of common stocks in which the Fund invests will declare dividends in
the future or that if declared they will remain at current levels or increase
over time.
Foreign
Investment Risk. Although the Fund will limit its investment in
securities of foreign issuers to ADRs and Canadian issuers, the Fund's
investments in non-U.S. issuers may involve unique risks compared to investing
in securities of U.S. issuers. Adverse political, economic or social
developments could undermine the value of the Fund's investments or prevent the
Fund from realizing the full value of its investments. Financial
reporting standards for companies based in foreign markets differ from those in
the United States. Finally, the value of the currency of the country in which
the Fund has invested could decline relative to the value of the U.S. dollar,
which may affect the value of the investment to U.S. investors. In addition, the
underlying issuers of certain depositary receipts, particularly unsponsored or
unregistered depositary receipts, are under no obligation to distribute
shareholder communications to the holders of such receipts, or to pass through
to them any voting rights with respect to the deposited
securities.
11
Additional Risk
Considerations
In
addition to the risks described above, there are certain other risks related to
investing in the Fund. These risks are described further in the
SAI.
PERFORMANCE
While
the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an
indication of how the Fund will perform in the future, it can be valuable for an
investor to know. The information below illustrates the variability of the
Fund's returns by providing some indication of the risks of investing in the
Fund by showing changes in the Fund's performance and showing how the Fund's
average annual returns compare with those of a broad measure of market
performance.
The
bar chart does not reflect sales loads; if it did, total returns would be lower
than those shown. The table below shows how Fund performance compares to
relevant index information (which unlike the Fund, does not reflect fees or
expenses). The table includes the effects of maximum sales loads. All figures
assume reinvestment of dividends and distributions (in the case of after-tax
returns, reinvested net of assumed tax rates). The returns shown reflect a fee
waiver/expense limitation. See the following page for more
information.
After-tax
returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal
income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual
after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from
those shown, and after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold
their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or
individual retirement accounts. This Fund is a multiple class fund that offers
more than one class in this prospectus; after-tax returns are shown only for
Class A and after-tax returns for the other class will vary.
Annual Total Return For
Class A Shares
For each
calendar year at NAV
Class
A
Highest
Calendar Qtr Return at NAV
(non-annualized):
7.59%
Quarter
Ended 3/31/06
Lowest
Calendar Qtr Return at NAV
(non-annualized):
-19..20%
Quarter
Ended 12/31/08
12
Average
Annual Total Returns for the Periods Ended December 31, 2008
(Returns
Include Payment of Maximum Sales Charge)
1
year
Since
Inception (12/5/05)
Before
Taxes
Class
A
-38.05%
-7.96%
Class
C
-35.34%
-6.86%
Return
After Taxes on Distributions
Class
A
-38.05%
-8.35%
Return
After Taxes on Distributions and
Sale
of Fund Shares
Class
A
-24.73%
-6.46%
Russell
3000 Index(1)
(Reflects
No Deductions for Fees, Expenses or
Taxes)
-37.31%
-8.73%
(1) The Russell 3000 Index is an unmanaged
index of stocks. It is not possible to invest directly in an
index.
FEES
AND EXPENSES
This
table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold
shares of the Fund.
SHAREHOLDER
FEES
(paid
directly from your investment)*
Class
A
Shares
Class
C Shares
Maximum
sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering
price)
5.75%1
None
Maximum
deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of the lesser of original
purchase price or redemption proceeds)
None2
1.00%3
Redemption
fee
2.00%4
2.00%4
ANNUAL
FUND OPERATING EXPENSES
(expenses
that are deducted from Fund assets)
Class
A
Shares
Class
C Shares
Management
Fees
0.90%
0.90%
Distribution
and/or Service (12b-1) fees
0.25%
1.00%5
Other
Expenses
0.99%
0.99%
Acquired
Fund Fees and Expenses
0.03%
0.03%
Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses6
2.17%
2.92%
Expense
Waiver and Reimbursements7
(0.49%)
(0.49%)
Net
Operating Expenses 6,7
1.68%
2.43%
1 Because
of rounding in the calculation of front-end sales charges, the actual front-end
sales charge paid by an investor may be higher or lower than the percentage
noted above.
2 The
redemption of shares purchased pursuant to the Large Order Net Asset Value
Purchase Privilege may be subject to a Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (“CDSC”)
of 1.00% if redeemed within 12 months of purchase and 0.50% if redeemed during
months 13-18. See "Purchase of Shares--Class A Shares."
3 Class
C Shares of the Fund are subject to a CDSC of 1.00% on any shares sold within 12
months of owning them and 0.50% during months 13-18. Investments in
Class C Shares of the Fund made prior to April 1, 2006 are not subject to the
0.50% CDSC for redemptions made between 13-18 months after
purchase.
13
4
Except in such circumstances as described under
the heading “Redemption of Shares,” shares redeemed within 30 days of purchase,
including redemptions in connection with an exchange, will be subject to a 2.00%
redemption fee paid to the Fund.
5 While
Class C Shares do not have any front-end sales charges, due to their higher
ongoing annual expenses (resulting from higher 12b-1 distribution and service
fees) over time you could end up paying more for these shares than if you were
to pay front-end sales charges for Class A Shares.
6 The
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses and Net Operating Expenses do not correlate
to the ratio of expense to average net assets appearing in the Financial
Highlights table, which table reflects only the operating expenses of the Fund
and does not include Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.
7 The
Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and, if necessary,
to reimburse other operating expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund
Operating Expenses (excluding taxes, leverage interest, brokerage
commissions, dividend expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses
(as determined in accordance with Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection
with any merger or reorganization, or extraordinary expenses such as
litigation) to 1.65%
and 2.40% of average daily net assets for Class A Shares and Class C Shares,
respectively. This agreement will remain in effect until March 31,2012. The Advisor is permitted to seek reimbursement from the
Fund of previously waived fees or reimbursements to the Fund for three years
from the date fees were waived or Fund expenses were paid if such repayment can
be achieved within the Fund’s expense limit in effect at the time such expense
was incurred and if certain other conditions are satisfied.
*The
Fund’s transfer agent charges a $15 fee ($20 for Saturday delivery) for
redemption proceeds paid via wire transfer or in check form sent via overnight
delivery. There is also a $15 annual maintenance fee on retirement
accounts and a $15 fee for each redemption from a retirement
account.
Example
This
example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with
the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The
example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods
indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The
example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, that all
dividend and capital gains are reinvested and that the Fund's operating expenses
(assuming fee waivers in each period) remain the same each year. Although your
actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would
be:
One
Year
Three
Years
Five
Years
Ten
Years
Class
A Shares
$733
$1,065
$1,524
$2,789
Class
C Shares
$346
$
748
$1,386
$3,101
You would
pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your
shares:
One
Year
Three
Years
Five
Years
Ten
Years
Class
A Shares
$733
$1,065
$1,524
$2,789
Class
C Shares
$243
$
748
$1,386
$3,101
The
dollar amounts in the example above reflect the Advisor's contractual agreement
to waive its management fee and reimburse other operating expenses to limit
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses through March 31, 2012 as described
above.
14
MANAGEMENT
OF THE FUNDS
The
Advisor
Zacks
Investment Management, Inc., is an Illinois corporation formed in 1991 which
maintains its principal offices at 100 N. Riverside Plaza, Suite 2200, Chicago,
IL60606 and acts as the investment advisor to the Funds pursuant to an
investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) with the
Trust. The Advisor is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Zacks Investment
Research, Inc., an entity controlled by Leonard H. Zacks and Benjamin L.
Zacks. Leonard H. Zacks and Benjamin L. Zacks are the directors of
the Advisor. The Advisor is a registered investment advisor and
serves as investment advisor or portfolio supervisor to investment portfolios
with approximately $ 1.6 billion in assets as of March
2009.
Pursuant
to the Advisory Agreement, the Funds pay the Advisor an advisory fee for the
services and facilities it provides payable on a monthly basis at the annual
rate of 1.10% and 0.90% of the Zacks Market Neutral Fund’s and the Zacks
Multi-Cap Opportunities Fund's average daily net assets,
respectively. For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2008, the
Advisor received advisory fees, net of the fee waiver, of 1.03% and 0.41% of the
average daily net asset of the Zacks Market Neutral Fund and the Zacks Multi-Cap
Opportunities Fund, respectively.
The Advisor has
contractually agreed to waive a portion of its advisory fee and to absorb
operating expenses to the extent necessary to cap each Fund’s total annual fund
operating expenses (excluding taxes, leverage interest, brokerage
commissions, dividend expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses
(as determined in accordance with Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection
with any merger or reorganization, or extraordinary expenses such as litigation)
at 1.65% and 2.40%
of each Fund’s average daily net assets for Class A Shares and Class C Shares,
respectively. Because of this agreement, each Fund may pay the
Advisor less than the contractual advisory fee. This agreement will
remain in effect until March 31, 2012. Any reduction in
advisory fees or payment of expenses made by the Advisor may be reimbursed by a
Fund if the Advisor so requests. Such reimbursement may be requested
from the Fund by the Advisor in the event that the Fund’s total annual fund
operating expenses are less than the contractual limit. The Advisor
may seek reimbursement in an amount up to the difference between the contractual
limit and the total annual fund operating expenses, but in no case will the
reimbursement amount exceed the total amount of fees waived or expenses paid by
the Advisor and will not include any amounts previously
reimbursed. No reimbursement will cause the total annual fund
operating expenses paid by a Fund to exceed the contractual limit of the Fund in
place at the time of the fee waiver or payment of expenses by the Advisor and
such reimbursement may not be paid prior to the Fund’s payment of current
operating expenses. The Advisor may seek reimbursement for fees
waived or expenses paid for a period of three years from the date the fees were
waived or expenses were paid.
Approval of Advisory
Agreement
A
discussion of factors the Board of Trustees considered in approving the Advisory
Agreement is available in the Funds’ annual report to shareholders for the
fiscal year ending November 30, 2008.
Portfolio
Management
Benjamin
L. Zacks, Senior Portfolio Manager at the Advisor, serves as portfolio
co-manager and provides a qualitative, fundamental overview of securities
selected through the quantitative process. Mr. Zacks co-founded the
Advisor in 1991 and has served in his current position since that
time. He has served as a portfolio co-manager of the Zacks Market
Neutral Fund since July of 2008 and the Zacks Multi-Cap Opportunities Fund since
December of 2005. Mr. Zacks co-founded Zacks Investment Research,
Inc. in 1978 and served as Executive Vice President from 1978-1991. Mr. Zacks
received a B.A. in Economics from Boston University.
Mitch
E. Zacks, Portfolio Manager at the Advisor, serves as portfolio co-manager and
oversees the modeling and quantitative process. Mr. Zacks joined the Advisor in
1996 and has been a portfolio manager with the firm since 1999. He
has served as a portfolio co-manager of the Zacks Market Neutral Fund since July
of 2008 and the Zacks Multi-Cap Opportunities Fund since December of
2005. Mr. Zacks received a B.A. in Economics from Yale University and
an MBA in Analytic Finance from the University of Chicago.
15
The SAI
provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation
structure, other accounts managed by each portfolio manager and each portfolio
manager's ownership of securities of the Funds.
Prior Performance for
Similar Accounts managed by the Advisor
The
bar chart illustrates the variability of returns for each calendar year achieved
by the Advisor for all accounts with investment objectives, policies and
investment strategies substantially similar to that of the Zacks Market Neutral
Fund. The composite performance does not represent the historical performance of
the Zacks Market Neutral Fund and should not be interpreted as being indicative
of future performance of the Zacks Market Neutral Fund.
The
above charts summarize the composite performance of the Advisor’s investment
results for all accounts with investment objectives, policies and investment
strategies substantially similar to that of the Fund. The
investment objective for those accounts is to maintain a long and short equity
strategy using an investment methodology substantially similar to that of the
Fund. Other accounts may have results different from this history due to client
mandated investment guidelines, contributions and withdrawals, and effects of
trading separate accounts. Actual and simulated performance results include
reinvestment of dividends and other income, auditing fees (where applicable) and
all transaction costs incurred in the maintenance of the
investment.
The data
is provided to illustrate the past performance of the Advisor in managing
substantially similar accounts as measured against market indices and does not
represent the performance of the Fund. The similar accounts are not subject to
certain investment limitations, diversification requirements and other
restrictions imposed by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which if applicable, may have
adversely affected the investment results of the similar
accounts. You should not consider this performance data as an
indication of future performance of the Fund.
16
(1) The Zacks Market Neutral composite
account is a composite of all accounts managed by the Advisor that are fully
invested in the Market Neutral Strategy. The Zacks Market Neutral
composite accounts reflect a deduction of a 1% annual management fee and a
performance fee calculated as 20% of profits of the performance above the
Citigroup 3-Month T-Bill Index (when applicable). Performance Fees
are deducted at the end of the year. The composite performance does not
represent the historical performance of the Fund and should not be interpreted
as being indicative of the future performance of the
Fund.
(2) The Citigroup 3-Month T-Bill Index
(“T-Bill Index”) measures monthly return equivalents of yield averages that are
not marked to market. The T-Bill Index consists of the last one
one-month and three three-month Treasury Bill issues, respectively. Returns for
this T-Bill Index are calculated on a monthly basis.
It is not
possible to invest directly in an index. The T-Bill Index does not
incur expenses or reflect any deduction for taxes and cannot be purchased
directly by investors.
17
PURCHASE
OF SHARES
General
This
Prospectus offers two classes of shares of each Fund, designated as Class A
Shares and Class C Shares.
· Class
A Shares generally incur sales loads at the time of purchase.
· Class
C Shares may incur sales loads at the time of redemption and are subject to
higher ongoing distribution fees and service fees.
By
offering multiple classes of shares, each Fund permits each investor to choose
the class of shares that is most beneficial given the type of investor, the
amount to be invested and the length of time the investor expects to hold the
shares. As described more fully below, each class of shares offers a distinct
structure of sales loads, distribution fees and service fees and other features
that are designed to address the needs of a variety of
investors.
Each
class of shares generally has the same rights, except for the differing sales
loads, distribution fees, service fees, any related expenses associated with
each class of shares, and the exclusive voting rights by each class with respect
to any distribution plan or service plan for such class of shares.
To the
extent allowed by applicable law, the Funds reserve the right to discontinue
offering shares at any time or to cease operating entirely.
Pricing Fund
Shares
The
offering price of each Fund's shares is based upon the net asset values per
share (“NAV”) (plus sales charges, as applicable). The differences between the
classes' NAVs reflect the daily expense accruals of the distribution fees
applicable to Class A Shares and Class C Shares.
The
NAV for each class of shares of the Funds is determined once daily as of the
close of the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE"), usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern
time, each day the NYSE is open for trading. NAV for each class is determined
for a Fund by dividing the value of the Fund's portfolio securities, cash and
other assets (including accrued interest) attributable to the class, less all
liabilities (including accrued expenses) attributable to the class, by the total
number of shares of the class outstanding.
The
Funds value equity securities at the last reported sale price on the principal
exchange or in the principal OTC market in which such securities are trading, as
of the close of regular trading on the NYSE on the day the securities are being
valued or, if there are no sales, at the mean of the most recent bid and asked
prices. Equity securities that are traded on NASDAQ are valued at the NASDAQ
Official Closing Price produced by NASDAQ each business day. Debt securities are
valued at the mean between the last available bid and asked prices for such
securities or, if such prices are not available, at fair value considering
prices for securities of comparable maturity, quality, and type. The Funds value
securities for which market quotations are not readily available, including
restricted securities, by a method that the Board believes accurately reflects
fair value. Securities will be valued at fair value when market quotations are
not readily available or are deemed unreliable, such as when a security's value
or a meaningful portion of a Fund’s portfolio is believed to have been
materially affected by a significant event. Such events may include a natural
disaster, an economic event like a bankruptcy filing, a trading halt in a
security, an unscheduled early market close or a substantial fluctuation in
domestic and foreign markets that has occurred between the close of the
principal exchange and the NYSE. In such a case, the affected Fund’s value for a
security is likely to be different from the last quoted market price. In
addition, due to the subjective and variable nature of fair market value
pricing, it is possible that the value determined for a particular asset may be
materially different from the value realized upon such asset's sale. Short-term
securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less may be valued at
amortized cost. The Funds value exchange-traded options at the last sales price,
or, if no last sales price is available, at the last bid
price.
18
Trading
in securities on many foreign securities exchanges and over-the-counter markets
is normally completed before the close of business on each U.S. business day. In
addition, securities trading in a particular country or countries may not take
place on all U.S. business days or may take place on days which are not U.S.
business days. Changes in valuations on certain securities may occur at times or
on days on which the Funds’ NAVs are not calculated and on which the Funds do
not effect sales and redemptions of its shares.
Each
Fund calculates its NAVs, and therefore effect sales and redemptions of its
shares, as of the close of trading on the NYSE each day the NYSE is open for
trading. The price at which a purchase or redemption is effected is based on the
next calculation of NAV after the order is placed, as described below. Such
calculation does not take place contemporaneously with the determination of the
prices of certain foreign portfolio securities used in such
calculation.
How To Buy
Shares
The
shares of each Fund are offered on a continuous basis through Grand Distribution
Services, LLC (the "Distributor"), as principal underwriter, located at 803 West
Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI53233-2301. Shares may be purchased
through members of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) who are
acting as securities dealers ("dealers") and FINRA members or eligible non-FINRA
members who are acting as brokers or agents for investors ("brokers"). Dealers
and brokers are sometimes referred to herein as authorized
dealers.
The
Advisor may pay additional compensation, out of profits derived from the
Advisor’s management fee and not as an additional charge to the Funds, to
certain financial institutions (which may include banks, securities dealers and
other industry professionals) for the sale and/or distribution of Fund shares or
the retention and/or servicing of Fund investors and Fund shares (“revenue
sharing”). These payments are in addition to any distribution or servicing fees
payable under the Funds’ distribution and services plan, any record keeping or
sub-transfer agency fees payable by the Funds, or other fees described in the
fee table or elsewhere in the Prospectus or SAI. Examples of “revenue sharing”
payments include, but are not limited to, payment to financial institutions for
“shelf space” or access to a third party platform or fund offering list or other
marketing programs, including, but not limited to, inclusion of the Funds on
preferred or recommended sales lists, mutual fund "supermarket" platforms and
other formal sales programs; granting the Advisor access to the financial
institution’s sales force; granting the Advisor access to the financial
institution’s conferences and meetings; assistance in training and educating the
financial institution's personnel; and obtaining other forms of marketing
support. The level of revenue sharing payments made to financial institutions
may be a fixed fee or based upon one or more of the following factors: gross
sales, current assets and/or number of accounts of the Funds attributable to the
financial institution, or other factors as agreed to by the Advisor and the
financial institution or any combination thereof. The amount of these revenue
sharing payments is determined at the discretion of the Advisor from time to
time, may be substantial, and may be different for different financial
institutions depending upon the services provided by the financial institution.
Such payments may provide an incentive for the financial institution to make
shares of the Funds available to its customers and may allow the Funds greater
access to the financial institution’s customers.
Shares
may be purchased on any business day by completing the account application form
and forwarding it, directly or through an authorized dealer, administrator,
custodian, trustee, record keeper or financial adviser, to the Funds’ transfer
agent. When purchasing shares of a Fund, investors must specify whether the
purchase is for Class A Shares or Class C Shares.
The
minimum investment amount when establishing a regular account with each Fund is
$2,500. The minimum for establishing a retirement account or a UGMA/UTMA account
without an automatic investment plan is $1,000. To open an account with an
automatic investment plan, the minimum is $500. The minimum amount for
additional investments is $100 and for automatic investments is $50 per month.
The minimum amounts for exchanges are $2,500 for a new regular account, $1,000
for a retirement account or a UGMA/UTMA account without an automatic investment
plan, $500 for an automatic investment plan and $100 for additional investments.
Additionally, the Funds may redeem any shareholder account (other than
retirement accounts and accounts established through a broker for which the
transfer agent does not have discretion to initiate transactions) that has been
open for one year or more and has a balance of less than $1,000. Shareholders
will receive written notice at least 60 days in advance of any involuntary
redemption and will be given the opportunity to purchase at the relevant NAV
without sales charge the number of additional shares needed to bring the account
value to $1,000. There will be no involuntary redemption if the value of the
account is less than $1,000 due to market depreciation. Investment
minimums do not apply to purchases made through asset allocation programs, wrap
fee programs and other investment programs offered by financial institutions
where investment decisions are made on a discretionary basis by investment
professionals.
19
Each
Fund reserves the right to reject or limit any order to purchase Fund shares
and/or to close any shareholder account if it is believed that the account is
being used for fraudulent or illegal purposes. One or more of these actions will
be taken when, at the Trust’s sole discretion, they are deemed to be in the
Funds’ best interest, or when the Trust is requested or compelled to do so by
governmental authority or by applicable law. Certain patterns of past purchase
and sale transactions involving the Funds may result in the Trust rejecting or
limiting, in the Trust’s discretion, additional purchases. Determinations in
this regard may be made based on the frequency or dollar amount of previous
purchase and sale transactions. The Trust also reserves the right to
suspend the sale of the Funds’ shares in response to conditions in the
securities markets or for other reasons.
All
checks submitted for the purchase of shares must be in U.S. dollars and must be
drawn on a domestic bank. The Funds will not accept payment in cash or money
orders. To prevent check fraud, the Funds will not accept third party checks,
Treasury checks, credit card checks, traveler's checks or starter checks for the
purchase of shares. The Funds are unable to accept post-dated checks, post-dated
on-line bill pay checks, or any conditional order or payment.
The
transfer agent will charge a fee against a shareholder's account, in addition to
any loss sustained by a Fund, for any payment that is returned. It is the policy
of the Funds not to accept applications under certain circumstances or in
amounts considered disadvantageous to shareholders. The Funds reserve the right
to reject any application.
The
transfer agent currently charges $15.00 for each redemption from an IRA account
and $15.00 for each payment by wire. A $15.00 fee is charged for
redemption proceeds sent via overnight delivery, unless it is for Saturday
delivery, in which case the fee is $20.00. There is also a $15.00
annual maintenance fee charged on retirement accounts.
A
Medallion signature guarantee must be obtained in those instances that require
that a signature is guaranteed.
Federal
law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record
information that identifies each person who opens an account. When you open an
account, you will be asked to provide your full name, date of birth, social
security number and permanent street address. Mailing addresses containing only
a P.O. Box may not be accepted. The Funds reserve the right to close your
account if this information is not provided. If the Funds do not have a
reasonable belief of the identity of a customer, the account will be closed or
will not be allowed to perform a transaction until such information is received.
The Funds also reserve the right to close the account (minus any applicable
sales or other charges) within 5 business days or take any other action required
by law.
Shares
of the Funds have not been registered for sale outside of the United States. The
Funds generally do not sell shares to investors residing outside the United
States, even if they are United States citizens or lawful permanent residents,
except to investors with United States military APO or FPO
addresses.
Distribution and Services
Plan
The
Funds have adopted a distribution and services plan (the "Plan") with respect to
their Class A Shares and Class C Shares pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"). Under the Plan, the
Funds pay distribution fees in connection with the sale and distribution of
their shares and service fees in connection with the provision of ongoing
services to shareholders of each class and the maintenance of shareholder
accounts. These distribution and service fees are paid to
broker-dealers, financial advisors, or other persons, including the Advisor and
the Funds’ distributor for distribution or service
activities.
20
The
amount of distribution fees and service fees varies between the classes of
shares offered by the Funds. Because these fees are paid out of each Fund’s
assets on an ongoing basis, these fees will increase the cost of your investment
in a Fund. By purchasing shares subject to distribution fees and service fees,
you may pay more over time than you would by purchasing shares with other types
of sales charge arrangements. Long-term shareholders may pay more than the
economic equivalent of the maximum front-end sales charge permitted by FINRA
rules. The net income attributable to a class of shares will be reduced by the
amount of distribution fees and service fees and other expenses of the Funds
associated with that class of shares.
The
distribution fees payable under the Plan are at an annual rate of 0.75% of
average daily net assets for Class C Shares. The service fees payable under the
Plan are at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of average daily net assets for each
class. To assist investors in comparing classes of shares, the tables under the
Prospectus heading "Fees and Expenses" provides a summary of sales charges and
expenses and an example of the sales charges and expenses of each Fund
applicable to each class of shares offered herein.
To
promote the sale of the Funds’ Class C shares, broker-dealers may be advanced a
sales commission in amounts up to 1% of the amount invested by their clients in
the Class C shares of the Funds. To recoup these up-front payments,
the Advisor receives all of the 12b-1 fees during the first
year.
Class A
Shares
Under
the Plan, a service fee at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of average daily net
assets is deducted from the assets of a Fund's Class A Shares.
Class
A Shares of the Funds are sold at the offering price, which is NAV plus an
initial maximum sales charge that varies with the amounts you invest as
follows:
Class
A Shares -- Sales Charge Schedule
Your
Investment
Front-End
Sales Charge As a % Of Offering Price*
Front-End
Sales Charge As a % Of Net Investment
Dealer
Reallowance
As
a % Of
Offering
Price
Up
to $50,000
5.75%
6.10%
5.00%
$50,000-$99,999
4.50%
4.71%
3.75%
$100,000-$249,999
3.75%
3.90%
3.00%
$250,000-$499,999
2.60%
2.67%
2.00%
$500,000-$999,999
2.00%
2.04%
1.50%
$1
million or more
See
below**
See
below**
1.00%
* The
offering price includes the sales charge.
** See
the "Large Order Net Asset Value Purchase Privilege" section on page 23.
Because
of rounding in the calculation of front-end sales charges, the actual front-end
sales charge paid by an investor may be higher or lower than the percentages
noted above. No sales charge is imposed on Class A Shares received from
reinvestment of dividends or capital gain distributions
21
Class A Shares Purchase
Programs
Eligible
purchasers of Class A Shares also may be entitled to reduced or waived sales
charges through certain purchase programs offered by the Funds.
Quantity
Discounts. You may be able to lower your Class A sales charges if:
§
you
plan to invest at least $50,000 in Class A Shares of a Fund over the next
13 months ("Letter of Intent") (see below);
or
§
the
amount of Class A Shares you already own in a Fund plus the amount you're
investing now in Class A Shares is at least $50,000 ("Cumulative
Discount").
By
signing a Letter of Intent you can reduce your Class A sales
charge. Your individual purchases will be made at the applicable
sales charge based on the amount you intend to invest over a 13-month period.
Any shares purchased within 90 days prior to the date you sign the Letter of
Intent may be used as credit toward completion, but the reduced sales charge
will only apply to new purchases made on or after the date of the Letter of
Intent. Purchases resulting from the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains
do not apply toward fulfillment of the Letter of Intent. Shares equal to 5.75%
of the amount of the Letter of Intent will be held in escrow during the 13-month
period. If, at the end of that time, the total net amount invested made is less
than the amount intended, you will be required to pay the difference between the
reduced sales charge and the sales charge applicable to the individual net
amount invested had the Letter of Intent not been in effect. This amount will be
obtained from redemption of the escrow shares. Any remaining escrow shares will
be released to you. If you establish a Letter of Intent with a Fund you can
aggregate your accounts as well as the accounts of your immediate family
members. You will need to provide written instructions with respect to the other
accounts whose purchases should be considered in fulfillment of the Letter of
Intent.
The point
of the Letter of Intent and Cumulative Discount is to let you count investments
made at other times for purposes of calculating your present sales charge. Any
time you can use the privileges to "move" your investment into a lower sales
charge category, it's generally beneficial for you to do so.
For
purposes of determining whether you are eligible for a reduced Class A sales
charge, you and your immediate family (your spouse or life partner and your
children or stepchildren age 21 or younger) may aggregate your investments in a
Fund. This includes, for example, investments held in a retirement account, an
employee benefit plan, or at a financial advisor other than the one handling
your current purchase. These combined investments will be valued at their
current offering price to determine whether your current investment qualifies
for a reduced sales charge.
Investors
must notify the Funds or an authorized dealer at the time of purchase whenever a
quantity discount is applicable to purchases and may be required to provide the
Funds, or an authorized dealer, with certain information or records to verify
eligibility for a quantity discount. Such information or records may include
account statements or other records for shares of the Funds in all accounts
(e.g., retirement accounts) of the investor and other eligible persons, as
described above, which may include accounts held at the Funds or at other
authorized dealers. Upon such notification, an investor will pay the lowest
applicable sales charge. Shareholders should retain any records necessary to
substantiate the purchase price of the shares, as the Funds and authorized
dealers may not retain this information.
Information
about sales charges can be found on the Funds’ website www.ZacksWMG.com/fund or
you can consult with your financial representative.
Net
Asset Value Purchases. You may be able to buy Class A Shares without a
sales charge when you are:
§ reinvesting
dividends or distributions;
22
§
participating
in an investment advisory or agency commission program under which you pay
a fee to an investment advisor or other firm for portfolio management or
brokerage services;
§
exchanging
shares of one Fund into the same class of shares of the other
Fund;
§
a current trustee of the Trust; or
§
an
employee (including the employee’s spouse, domestic partner, children,
grandchildren, parents, grandparents, siblings and any dependent of the
employee, as defined in Section 152 of the Internal Revenue Code) of the
Advisor or of a broker-dealer authorized to sell shares of the
Funds.
The
Funds may waive the sales charges for investors in other situations as
well. Your financial advisor or the Funds’ transfer agent can answer
your questions and help you determine if you are eligible.
Large Order Net
Asset Value Purchase Privilege. There is no initial sales charge on
purchases of Class A Shares in an account or accounts with an accumulated value
of $1 million or more. From its own profits and resources, the
Advisor may pay broker-dealers a finder’s fee equal to 1% of the amount of Class
A shares sold with $1 million or more. If all or part of such an
investment is subsequently redeemed within one year, you may be charged a CDSC
of 1.00% on any shares you sell within 12 months of owning them and 0.50% during
months 13-18. This CDSC is waived under certain circumstances,
including the redemption of shares whose dealer of record at the time of the
investment notifies the distributor that the dealer waives the finder’s
fee. Your financial advisor or the Funds’ transfer agent can answer
your questions and help you determine if you are eligible.
Class C
Shares
Under
the Plan, a distribution fee at an annual rate of 0.75% of average daily net
assets and a service fee at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of average daily net
assets is deducted from the assets of the Funds’ Class C
Shares.
Class
C Shares of the Funds are sold at the NAV and are subject to a CDSC of 1.00% on
any shares you sell within 12 months of owning them and 0.50% during months
13-18.
The
CDSC is assessed on an amount equal to the lesser of the then current market
value of the shares or the historical cost of the shares (which is the amount
actually paid for the shares at the time of purchase) being redeemed.
Accordingly, no CDSC is imposed on increases in the NAV above the initial
purchase price. Shareholders should retain any records necessary to substantiate
the historical cost of their shares, as the Funds and authorized dealers may not
retain this information. In addition, no CDSC is assessed on shares received
from reinvestment of dividends or capital gain distributions. The Funds will not
accept a purchase order for Class C Shares in the amount of $1,000,000 or
more.
In
determining whether a CDSC applies to a redemption, it is assumed that the
shares being redeemed first are any shares in the shareholder's account that are
not subject to a CDSC, followed by shares held the longest in the shareholder's
account.
Class C Shares Purchase
Programs
Eligible
purchasers of Class C Shares may also be entitled to a reduction in or
elimination of CDSC through certain purchase programs offered by the Funds.
Investors must notify the Funds or an authorized dealer whenever a reduced CDSC
is applicable and may be required to provide the Funds, or their authorized
dealer, with certain information or records to verify eligibility for a reduced
CDSC. This includes the redemption of shares purchased through a
dealer-sponsored asset allocation program maintained on an omnibus
record-keeping system, provided the dealer of record has waived the advance of
the first year distribution and service fees applicable to such shares and has
agreed to receive such fees quarterly.
23
In
addition, there are certain cases in which you may be exempt from a CDSC. These
include:
§
the
death or disability of an account owner (including a joint owner). This
waiver applies only under certain conditions. Please contact your
financial representative or the Funds’ transfer agent to determine if the
conditions exist;
§
withdrawals
made through an automatic withdrawal plan. Such withdrawals may be made up
to a maximum of 12% of the net asset value of the account on the date of
the withdrawal;
§
withdrawals
related to certain retirement or benefit plans; or
§
redemptions
for certain loan advances, hardship provisions or returns of excess
contributions from retirement
plans.
In
each of these cases, there are a number of additional provisions that apply in
order to be eligible for a CDSC waiver. Your financial advisor or the Funds’
transfer agent can answer your questions and help you determine if you are
eligible.
Additional Share Purchase
Programs
Purchases
by Telephone. Investors may purchase additional shares by calling (888)
453-4003. If elected on your account application, telephone orders
will be accepted via electronic funds transfer from your bank account through
the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) network. You must have banking information
established on your account prior to making a purchase. Your shares will be
purchased at the public offering price (the NAV next calculated after receipt of
your purchase order plus any applicable sales charge).
Exchange
Privilege. Shareholders may exchange shares of one Fund into the same
class of shares of the other Fund. Exchanges between Class A Shares
of the Funds are not subject to a sales charge. Exchanges between
Class C Shares of the Funds are not subject to a CDSC. Your original
purchase date will continue to apply for purposes of determining whether a CDSC
applies. The minimum amounts for exchanges are $2,500 for a regular
new account and $100 for existing accounts. The minimum for a
retirement account or a UGMA/UTMA account without an automatic investment plan
is $1,000. To open an account with an automatic investment plan, the
minimum is $500.
Reinstatement
Privilege. If you sell shares of a Fund and then decide to invest with
the same Fund again within three months, you can take advantage of the
"reinstatement feature." With this feature, you can put your money back into the
same class of the Fund at its current NAV and for purposes of sales charges it
will be treated as if it had never left the Fund. You'll be reimbursed (in the
form of Fund shares) for any CDSC you paid when you sold. Future CDSC
calculations will be based on your original investment date, rather than your
reinstatement date. You can only use the reinstatement feature once during the
life of an account. The amount reinstated cannot exceed the dollar amount
redeemed. To take advantage of this feature, contact the Funds’ transfer agent
or your financial representative.
Dividend
Reinvestment. You may reinvest dividends and capital gains distributions
in shares of the Funds. Unless you request otherwise, dividends and capital
gains distributions will be reinvested in shares of the Funds.
Availability of
Information
Information
regarding sales charges of the Funds and the applicability and availability of
discounts from sales charges is available free of charge on our website at www.ZacksWMG.com/fund.
The Prospectus and SAI are also available on the website.
24
REDEMPTION OF
SHARES
Generally,
holders of shares of the Funds may redeem for cash some or all of their shares
without charge by the Funds (other than any applicable sales charge or
redemption fee) at any time. As described under the Prospectus heading "Purchase
of Shares," redemptions of Class C Shares or Class A Shares bought pursuant to
the Large Order Net Asset Value Purchase Privilege may be subject to a CDSC.
Redemptions completed through an authorized dealer, custodian, trustee or record
keeper of a retirement plan account may involve additional fees charged by such
person. Redemptions generally will be subject to federal income tax if you hold
shares of a Fund in a taxable account.
Except as
specified below, payment for shares redeemed generally will be made within seven
days after receipt by the transfer agent of the redemption request and any other
necessary documents in proper form as described below. Such payment may be
postponed or the right of redemption suspended as provided by the rules of the
SEC. Such payment may, under certain circumstances, be paid wholly or in part by
a distribution-in-kind of portfolio securities. A distribution-in-kind may
result in recognition by the shareholder of a gain or loss for federal income
tax purposes when such securities are distributed, and the shareholder may have
brokerage costs and a gain or loss for federal income tax purposes upon the
shareholder's disposition of such securities. If the shares to be redeemed have
been recently purchased by check, the transfer agent may delay the payment of
redemption proceeds until it confirms that the purchase check has cleared, which
may take up to 15 calendar days from the date of purchase. Gain or loss for
federal income tax purposes may be recognized by the shareholder upon redemption
of shares.
If you
hold shares of a Fund in an IRA or other retirement plan, you must indicate on
the redemption request whether or not to withhold federal income tax. Redemption
requests failing to indicate an election not to have tax withheld will generally
be subject to 10% federal income tax withholding.
You
will be charged a redemption fee of 2.00% of the value of the shares being
redeemed if you redeem your shares of a Fund (including exchanges) within 30
days of purchase. There will be no redemption fee on the redemption
of shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions. The “first in, first
out” (“FIFO”) method is used to determine the holding period; this means that if
you bought shares on different days, the shares purchased first will be redeemed
first for the purpose of determining whether the redemption fee applies. The
redemption fee is deducted from your proceeds and is retained by a Fund for the
benefit of its long-term shareholders.
The
redemption fee will not be charged in connection with the following exchange or
redemption transactions:
·
transactions
following death or disability of any registered shareholder, beneficial
owner or grantor of a living trust with respect to shares purchased before
death or disability;
·
transactions
involving hardship of any registered
shareholder;
·
systematic
transactions with pre-defined trade dates for purchases, exchanges or
redemptions, such as automatic account rebalancing, or loan origination
and repayments;
·
transactions
involving shares purchased through the reinvestment of dividends or other
distributions;
·
transactions
initiated by a Fund or a co-administrator (e.g., redemptions for not
meeting account minimums, to pay account fees funded by share redemptions,
or in the event of the liquidation or merger of a
Fund);
·
transactions
in cases when there are legal or contractual limitations or restrictions
on the imposition of the redemption fee (as determined by a Fund or its
agents in their sole
discretion);
·
redemptions
effected pursuant to asset allocation programs, wrap fee programs, and
other investment programs offered by financial institutions where
investment decisions are made on a discretionary basis by investment
professionals; or
25
·
redemptions
representing the return of excess contributions in retirement
accounts.
The
Funds reserve the right to withdraw waivers, and to modify or terminate these
waivers of the redemption fee at any time.
Although
the Funds aim to apply the redemption fee uniformly, the redemption fee may not
apply in certain circumstances where it is not currently practicable for the
Funds to impose the fee, such as redemptions of shares held in certain omnibus
accounts or retirement plans that cannot implement the redemption
fee.
Written
Redemption Requests. Shareholders may request aredemption of shares by
written request in proper form sent directly to the Funds’ transfer agent, UMB
Fund Services, Inc. (“UMBFS”), P.O. Box 2175, Milwaukee, Wisconsin53201-2301.
For overnight delivery please use UMBFS' street address: 803 West Michigan
Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin53233-2301. The request for redemption should
indicate the number of shares or dollar amount to be redeemed, the Fund name,
the class designation of such shares and the shareholder's account number. The
redemption request must be signed by all persons in whose names the shares are
registered. Signatures must conform exactly to the account registration. If the
proceeds of the redemption exceed $100,000, or if the proceeds are not to be
paid to the record owner at the record address or a previously designated bank
and account, or if the record address has changed within the previous 15
calendar days, a shareholder must obtain a Medallion signature guarantee which
may be obtained from one of the following: a bank or trust company; a
broker-dealer; a credit union; a national securities exchange, a registered
securities association or a clearing agency; a savings and loan association; a
federal savings bank; or other financial intermediary. A notary public is not a
sufficient guarantor.
Generally,
a properly signed written request with any required signature guarantee is all
that is required for a redemption request to be in proper form. In some cases,
however, additional documents may be necessary. Generally, in the
event a redemption is requested by and registered to a corporation, partnership,
trust, fiduciary, estate or other legal entity owning shares of a Fund, a copy
of the corporate resolution or other legal documentation appointing the
authorized signer and certified within the prior 60 calendar days must accompany
the redemption request. Retirement plan distribution requests should
be sent to the plan custodian/trustee to be forwarded to the transfer agent. In
addition, a $15 fee will be charged for each redemption from a retirement
account. Contact the plan custodian/trustee for further
information.
In the
case of written redemption requests sent directly to UMBFS, the redemption price
is the relevant NAV (less any applicable sales charge or redemption fee) next
determined after the request in proper form is received by
UMBFS.
Additionally,
although not specifically related to redemptions, UMBFS will also require a
Medallion signature guarantee in the following situations:
· If
ownership is changed on the account; or
· When
establishing or modifying certain services on an account.
Authorized Dealer
Redemption Requests. Shareholders may place redemption requests through
an authorized dealer following procedures specified by such authorized dealer.
The redemption price for such shares is the NAV next calculated after an order
in proper form is received by an authorized dealer provided such order is
transmitted to UMBFS by the time designated by UMBFS. It is the responsibility
of authorized dealers to transmit redemption requests received by them to the
Distributor so they will be received prior to such time. Redemptions completed
through an authorized dealer may involve additional fees charged by the
dealer.
Telephone
Redemption Requests. The Funds permit redemption of shares by telephone
and for redemption proceeds to be sent to the address of record for the account
or to the bank account of record as described below. A shareholder
automatically has telephone redemption privileges unless the shareholder
indicates otherwise by checking the applicable box on the account application
form. For accounts that are not established with telephone redemption
privileges, a shareholder may call UMBFS at (888) 453-4003 to request that a
copy of the Telephone Redemption Authorization form be sent to the shareholder
for completion. Shares may be redeemed by calling UMBFS at (888) 453-4003. UMBFS
and the Funds employ procedures considered by them to be reasonable to confirm
that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. If
reasonable procedures are employed, then UMBFS and the Funds will not be liable
for following telephone instructions which they reasonably believe to be
genuine. Telephone redemptions may not be available if the shareholder cannot
reach the transfer agent by telephone, whether because all telephone lines are
busy or for any other reason; in such case, a shareholder would have to use the
Funds’ other redemption procedures previously described. These privileges are
available for most accounts other than retirement accounts. If an account has
multiple owners, the transfer agent may rely on the instructions of any one
owner.
26
For
redemptions authorized by telephone, amounts of $100,000 or less may be redeemed
daily if the proceeds are to be paid by check or by ACH and amounts of at least
$1,000 up to $100,000 may be redeemed daily if the proceeds are to be paid by
wire. The proceeds must be payable to the shareholder(s) of record and sent to
the address of record for the account or wired directly to their pre-designated
bank account for this account. This privilege is not available if the
address of record has been changed within 15 calendar days prior to a telephone
redemption request. Proceeds from redemptions payable by wire transfer are
expected to be wired on the next business day following the date of redemption.
UMBFS' charge for each wire is currently $15. There is no charge to have
proceeds paid via ACH and credit will generally be available in 2-3 business
days. The Funds reserve the right at any time to terminate, limit or otherwise
modify redemption privileges. Once a telephone transaction is placed, it cannot
be cancelled or modified.
FREQUENT PURCHASES AND
REDEMPTIONS
The
Funds are designed for long-term investors. The Funds discourage and do not
accommodate frequent trading that is believed to be engaged in for the purpose
of attempting to profit from anticipated market movements up or down ("market
timing"). Such trading may present risks to other shareholders in the Funds,
including disruption of portfolio investment strategies with potential resulting
harm to performance, and increased trading costs or Funds expenses. Thus, such
trading may negatively impact the Funds’ NAVs and result in dilution to
long-term shareholders. To the extent that the Funds invest in small
cap securities to a significant degree, such securities may present greater
arbitrage opportunities for short-term trades.
In an
effort to protect long-term shareholders, the Trust’s Board of Trustees has
adopted policies and procedures which seek to detect and deter frequent trading
that is believed to be engaged in for the purposes of market timing and to
detect such trading activity at levels that may be detrimental to the Funds.
These policies and procedures include the following:
§
The
Trust reserves the right to reject or restrict any purchase or exchange
order from any investor for any reason, including excessive, short-term or
other abusive trading practices which may disrupt portfolio management
strategies and harm Fund
performance.
§
The
Trust reserves the right to modify, limit or terminate the exchange
privilege for any investor.
§
The
Trust reserves the right to delay delivery of redemption proceeds up to
seven days or to honor certain redemptions with securities, rather than
cash.
§
To
deter short-term and excessive trading, each Fund impose a 2.00%
redemption fee on shares redeemed (or exchanged) within 30 days of
purchase.
The
Trust has delegated responsibility for implementing these policies and
procedures to the Advisor. In making the determination to exercise these rights
on behalf of the Trust, the Advisor may consider an investor's trading history
in the Funds and accounts under common ownership or control, including the
number and size of trades, frequency of trades and trading patterns such as
frequent use of "roundtrips." The Advisor seeks to employ reasonable measures to
detect frequent trading at levels that may be detrimental to the
Funds. Although the Funds notify intermediaries of and request that
they enforce these policies, the Funds cannot directly control activity through
all channels and is dependent on intermediaries to enforce these policies. In
certain cases, intermediaries may be unable to implement these policies or may
not be able to implement them in the same manner as the Funds due to system
limitations or other constraints or issues.
27
Shareholders
who invest through omnibus accounts may be subject to policies and procedures
that differ from those applied to direct shareholders. The Funds reserve the
right to limit an intermediary's future access to the Funds, up to and including
termination of the selling agreement held with an intermediary. There is no
assurance that these policies will be effective in limiting and deterring
short-term and excessive trading in all circumstances.
These policies
and procedures may be amended at any time.
SHAREHOLDER SERVICES AND
POLICIES
Listed
below are some of the shareholder services the Funds offers to investors. For a
more complete description of the Funds’ shareholder services, such as investment
accounts, retirement plans, automated clearing house deposits, dividend
diversification and the systematic withdrawal plan, please refer to the SAI or
contact your authorized dealer.
Dividend Reinvestment
Plan
A
convenient way for investors to accumulate additional shares is by accepting
dividends and capital gain distributions in shares of the Funds. Such
shares are acquired at NAV (without a sales charge) on the applicable payable
date of the dividend or capital gain distribution. Unless the shareholder
instructs otherwise, dividends and distributions are automatically reinvested in
shares of the same class of the Fund paying the dividend or distribution.
Dividends and distributions are subject to federal income tax regardless of
whether received in cash or invested in additional shares. This instruction may
be made by writing to UMBFS or by telephone by calling (888) 453-4003. The
investor may, on the account application form or prior to any declaration,
instruct that dividends and/or capital gain distributions be paid in cash or be
reinvested in a Fund at the next determined NAV. If you elect to receive
dividends and/or capital gain distributions in cash and the U.S. Postal Service
cannot deliver the check, or if a check remains outstanding for six months or
more, each Fund reserves the right to reinvest the distribution check in your
account at the Fund’s current NAV and to reinvest all subsequent
distributions.
Automatic Investment
Plan
An
automatic investment plan (“AIP”) is available under which a shareholder can
authorize each Fund and its agents to debit the shareholder's bank account on a
regular basis to invest predetermined amounts in the Fund. The minimum
investment amount for the AIP is $50 per month. Additional information is
available from the transfer agent or your authorized dealer.
28
Fund
Information
In order
to reduce the amount of mail you receive and to help reduce expenses, we
generally send a single copy of any shareholder report and Prospectus to each
household. If you do not want the mailing of these documents to be combined with
those of other members of your household, please contact your dealer or the
transfer agent.
DIVIDENDS AND
DISTRIBUTIONS
The
Funds intend to pay dividends and capital gains distributions annually. The
Funds expect that dividends and distributions paid on shares will consist of (i)
investment company taxable income, which includes, among other things, ordinary
income, short-term capital gains and income from certain hedging and interest
rate transactions, (ii) net tax-exempt interest (i.e., the excess of income
exempt from federal income taxation over certain disallowed deductions), and
(iii) net capital gain (i.e., net long-term capital gains in excess of any net
short-term capital loss for such year and any capital loss carryforwards from
prior taxable years). The Funds may make other distributions as
needed.
The per
share distributions on Class C Shares may be lower than the per share
distributions on Class A Shares as a result of the higher distribution fees and
service fees applicable to Class C Shares.
Pursuant
to the requirements of the 1940 Act, in the event the Funds makes distributions
from sources other than income, a notice will accompany each distribution with
respect to the estimated source of the distribution made. Such
notices will describe the portion, if any, of the distribution which, in the
Funds’ good faith judgment, constitutes net capital gains, short-term capital
gain, investment company taxable income, net tax-exempt interest or a return of
capital. The actual character of such distributions for federal income tax
purposes, however, will only be determined finally by the Funds at the close of
its fiscal year, based on the Funds’ full year performance and its actual net
investment company taxable income, net tax-exempt interest and net capital gains
for the year, which may result in a recharacterization of amounts distributed
during such fiscal year from the estimates.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX
CONSEQUENCES
The
Funds intend to qualify and elect to be treated as regulated investment
companies under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
“Code”). If the Funds so qualify, they will not pay federal income
tax on the net investment income and capital gains that they distribute to their
shareholders.
The
Funds intend to distribute all of their net investment income and capital gains,
if any, to shareholders. Unless otherwise exempt, shareholders are
required to pay federal income tax on any dividends and other distributions
received. This applies whether dividends or distributions are
received in cash or additional shares.
Distributions
of net investment income, other than “qualified dividend income,” are taxable
for federal income tax purposes at ordinary income tax rates. For
taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, distributions designated
as qualified dividend income are taxed to individuals and other noncorporate
investors at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided certain
holding period and other requirements contained in the Code are
satisfied. Distributions of net long-term capital gain (i.e., the
excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) are
taxable for federal income tax purposes as long-term capital gain regardless of
how long the shareholder has held Fund shares. Long-term capital gain
is currently taxable to non-corporate shareholders at a maximum federal income
tax rate of 15%. Distributions of net short-term capital gain (i.e.,
net short-term capital gain less any net long-term capital loss) are taxable as
ordinary income regardless of how long the shareholder has held Fund
shares. Dividends paid by the Funds may qualify in part for the
dividends received deduction available to corporate shareholders, provided
certain holding period and other requirements are satisfied.
29
Dividends
declared in October, November or December to shareholders of record as of a date
in such month and paid during the following January are treated as if received
on December 31 of the calendar year declared. Information on the
federal income tax status of dividends and distributions is provided
annually.
By
law, the Funds must withhold a percentage of your distributions and redemption
proceeds (“backup withholding”) if you do not provide your correct social
security or taxpayer identification number or certify that you are not subject
to backup withholding, or if the Internal Revenue Service instructs the Funds to
do so. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any
amounts withheld may be credited against your federal income tax liability
provided the appropriate information is furnished to the Internal Revenue
Service.
If you
redeem Fund shares, it is considered a taxable event for you. An
exchange of your Fund shares for shares of the other Fund is the same as a
redemption. Depending on the purchase price and the sale price of the
shares you sell, you may have a gain or a loss on the
transaction. The gain or loss will generally be treated as a
long-term capital gain or loss if you held your shares for more than one
year. If you held your shares for one year or less, the gain or loss
will generally be treated as a short-term capital gain or loss. Short-term
capital gain is taxable at ordinary federal income tax
rates. Shareholders may be limited in their ability to utilize
capital losses. You are responsible for any tax liabilities generated
by your transaction.
Prospective
shareholders of the Funds should consult with their own tax advisors concerning
the effect of owning shares of the Funds in light of their particular tax
situation.
OTHER
INFORMATION
Disclosure of Portfolio
Holdings
A
description of the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure
of the Funds’ portfolio securities is available in the Funds’
SAI.
The
Funds disclose portfolio holdings on their public website www.ZacksWMG.com/fund as
follows:
§
Fiscal
Quarters: Complete portfolio holdings (or other disclosure of portfolio
holdings as required by applicable legal or regulatory requirements) as of
the end of the fiscal quarter disclosed with a minimum lag time of 30
calendar days.
§
Monthly:
Top 10 largest portfolio holdings as of the end of each month disclosed
with a minimum lag time of 30 calendar
days.
30
FINANCIAL
HIGHLIGHTS
The
following table is intended to help you understand each Fund’s financial
performance for the period from its commencement of operations through November30, 2008 (the Funds’ fiscal year end). Certain information reflects financial
results for a single Fund share. The total return figures represent the
percentage that an investor in the Funds would have earned (or lost) on an
investment in the Funds (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and
distributions). This information has been audited by Tait, Weller & Baker
LLP for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2008 and 2007 and by other
independent accountants for the previous period. Tait, Weller &
Baker LLP’s report and the Funds’ financial statements are included in the
Funds’ annual report which is available upon request (see back
cover).
Net
Asset Value Beginning of Period
Net
Investment Income/ (Loss)
Net
Realized and Unrealized Gain/(Loss) on Investments
Total
from Investment Operations
Distribution
from Net Realized Gains
Total
Distributions
Net
Asset Value End of Period
Market
Neutral Fund
Class
A
7/24/08+
to 11/30/08
$15.00
$(0.05)
a
$(0.29)
$(0.34)
$ --
$
--
$14.66
Class
C
7/24/08+
to 11/30/08
$15.00
$(0.10)
a
$(0.27)
$(0.37)
$ --
$ --
$14.63
Multi-Cap
Opportunities Fund
Class
A
11/30/08
$18.94
$(0.01)
$(6.42)
$(6.43)
$(1.29)
$(1.29)
$11.22
11/30/07*
16.56
(0.06)
2.44
2.38
--
--
18.94
12/5/05+
to 11/30/06*
15.00
(0.04)
a
1.60
1.56
--
--
16.56
Class
C
11/30/08
$18.64
$(0.05)
$(6.35)
$(6.40)
$(1.29)
$(1.29)
$10.95
11/30/07*
16.43
(0.26)
2.47
2.21
--
--
18.64
12/5/05+
to 11/30/06*
15.00
(0.15)
a
1.58
1.43
--
--
16.43
Total
Return#
Net
Assets End of Period (000)
Ratio
of Net Expenses to Average Net Assets^
Ratio
of Gross Expenses to Average Net Assets^
Ratio
of Net Investment Income (Loss) to Average Net Assets^
Portfolio
Turnover Rate#
Market
Neutral Fund
Class
A
7/24/08+
to 11/30/08
(2.27)%
$137,450
2.20%
b
2.27%
b
(1.02)%
25%
Class
C
7/24/08+
to 11/30/08
(2.47)%
8,853
2.93%
b
3.00%
b
(1.76)%
25%
Multi-Cap
Opportunities Fund
Class
A
11/30/08
(36.40)%
$18,280
1.65%
2.14%
(0.09)%
116%
11/30/07
14.37%
1,131
1.65%
16.27%
(0.37)%
69%
12/5/05+
to 11/30/06*
10.40%
917
1.65%
41.38%
(0.29)%
93%
Class
C
11/30/08
(36.86)%
2,699
2.40%
2.89%
(0.84)%
116%
11/30/07
13.45%
299
2.40%
16.39%
(1.16)%
69%
12/5/05+
to 11/30/06*
9.53%
418
2.40%
42.13%
(1.04)%
93%
+ Commencement
of operations.
* Zacks
Investment Management, Inc. (“Zacks”) serves as the Fund’s advisor effective
December 1, 2007. Claymore Advisors, LLC served as the investment
advisor and Zacks served as the sub-advisor from December 5, 2005 to November30, 2007.
# Total
Returns and Portfolio Turnover Rates are for the period indicated and have not
been annualized. Total Return would have been lower had certain
expenses not been waived or reimbursed by the Advisor. Returns
shown do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund
distributions or the redemption of Fund shares. Returns shown do not
include payment of maximum sales charge of 5.75% on Class A shares or contingent
deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) of 1% on certain redemptions of Class C shares
made within one year of purchase and 0.50% if redeemed during months 13-18
(applicable to shares purchased after 3/31/06). If the sales charge
was included total returns would be lower.
31
^ Ratios
for period of less than one year have been annualized.
a Based
on average shares outstanding during the period.
b Includes
dividend expense on securities sold short. If dividend expense was
excluded, the ratio of net expenses to average net assets would have been 1.65%
for Class A shares and 2.40% for Class C shares.
Each
a series of the Investment Managers Series Trust
FOR
MORE INFORMATION
You
can find more information about the Funds in the following
documents:
Statement
of Additional Information
The
SAI provides additional details about the investments and techniques of the
Funds and certain other additional information. A current SAI is on file with
the SEC and is incorporated into this Prospectus by reference. This means that
the SAI is legally considered a part of this Prospectus even though it is not
physically within this Prospectus.
Additional
information about the Funds’ investments are available in the Funds’ annual and
semi-annual reports to shareholders. In the Funds’ annual report, you
will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that
significantly affected the Funds’ performance during their last fiscal
year.
The
SAI is available free of charge on the Funds’ website at www.ZacksWMG.com/fund. You
can obtain a free copy of the SAI, request other information, or make general
inquiries about the Funds by contacting a broker that sells the Funds or by
calling the Funds (toll-free) at (888) 453-4003 or
by writing to:
You
may review and copy information including the Shareholder Reports and SAI at the
Public Reference Room of the SEC in Washington, DC. You can obtain information
on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling (202) 551-8090.
Reports and other information about the Funds are also
available:
·
Free
of charge from the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at
http://www.sec.gov;
·
For
a fee, by writing to the Public Reference Room of the SEC, Washington, DC
20549-0102; or
·
For
a fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address:
publicinfo@sec.gov.
(The
Trust’s SEC Investment Company Act file number is 811- 21719)
This
Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus, and it should
be read in conjunction with the prospectus dated April 1, 2009, as it may be
amended from time to time (the “Prospectus”), of the Zacks Market Neutral Fund
and the Zacks Multi-Cap Opportunities Fund (collectively,
the “Funds” and each, a “Fund”), series of the Investment Managers Series Trust
(the “Trust”). Zacks Investment
Management, Inc. (“ZIM” or the “Advisor”) is the investment advisor to
the Funds. A copy of the Funds’ Prospectus may be obtained by
contacting the Funds at the address or the telephone numbers
below:
The
Annual Report for the Zacks Market Neutral Fund and the Zacks Multi-Cap
Opportunities Fund for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2008, is a
separate document supplied upon request and the financial statements,
accompanying notes and report of the independent registered public accounting
firm appearing therein are incorporated by reference into this
SAI.
Table
of Contents
GENERAL
INFORMATION
2
PRINCIPAL
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
3
INVESTMENT
RESTRICTIONS
17
MANAGEMENT
OF THE FUNDS
18
CONTROL
PERSONS, PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS, AND MANAGEMENT
OWNERSHIP
21
INVESTMENT
ADVISORY AGREEMENT
23
DISTRIBUTION
AND SERVICE
26
PORTFOLIO
TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE ALLOCATION
28
SHAREHOLDER
SERVICES
30
REDEMPTION
OF SHARES
31
FEDERAL
INCOME TAX MATTERS
32
FUND
PERFORMANCE
35
OTHER
INFORMATION
36
APPENDIX
A RATINGS
39
1
GENERAL
INFORMATION
The
Trust (formerly, the Claymore Trust) is an open-end management investment
company organized as a Delaware statutory trust under the laws of the State of
Delaware on February 15, 2005. The Funds
are diversified mutual funds. The Trust changed its name
to Investment Managers Series Trust on December 3, 2007. The
principal offices of the Trust are located at 803 West Michigan Street,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin53233.
Zacks
Investment Management, Inc. serves as the Funds’ investment advisor. The
principal offices of the Advisor are located 100 N. Riverside Plaza, Ste. 2200,
Chicago, Illinois60606.
The
authorized capitalization of the Trust consists of an unlimited number of shares
of beneficial interest ("shares"), par value $0.01 per share, which can be
divided into series, such as the Funds, and further sub-divided into classes.
Each share represents an equal proportionate interest in the assets of the
series with each other share in such series and no interest in any other series.
No series is subject to the liabilities of any other series. The Declaration of
Trust provides that shareholders are not liable for any liabilities of the Trust
or any of its series, requires the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the "Board of
Trustees" or the "Board") to use its best efforts to include a clause to that
effect in every agreement entered into by the Trust or any of its series, and
indemnifies shareholders against any such liability.
Each
Fund currently offers two classes of shares: Class A and Class C. Other classes
may be established from time to time in accordance with the provisions of the
Declaration of Trust. Each class of shares of a Fund generally is identical in
all respects except that each class of shares is subject to its own sales charge
schedule and its own distribution and service expenses. Each class of shares
also has exclusive voting rights with respect to its distribution and
shareholder service fees.
Shares
of the Trust entitle their holders to one vote per share; however, separate
votes are taken by each series on matters affecting an individual series and
separate votes are taken by each class on matters affecting an individual class
of shares. For example, a change in investment policy for a series would be
voted upon by shareholders of only the series involved and a change in the
distribution or service fee for a class of a series would be voted upon by
shareholders of only the class of such series involved. Except as otherwise
described in the Prospectus or herein, shares of the Funds do not have
cumulative voting rights, preemptive rights or any conversion, subscription or
exchange rights.
The
Trust does not contemplate holding regular meetings of shareholders to elect
Trustees or otherwise. However, the holders of 10% or more of the outstanding
shares may, by written request, require a meeting to consider the removal of
Trustees by a vote of two-thirds of the shares of each series then outstanding
cast in person or by proxy at such meeting. The Funds will assist such holders
in communicating with other shareholders of the Funds to the extent required by
the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), or rules or
regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission
("SEC").
In the
event of liquidation, each of the shares of a Fund is entitled to its portion of
all of the Fund’s net assets after all debts and expenses of the Fund have been
paid. The liquidation proceeds to holders of classes of shares with higher
distribution fees and shareholder service fees are likely to be less than the
liquidation proceeds to holders of classes of shares with lower distribution
fees and shareholder service fees.
2
The Board
of Trustees may amend the Declaration of Trust in any manner without shareholder
approval, except that the Board of Trustees may not adopt any amendment
adversely affecting the rights of shareholders without approval by a majority of
the affected shares outstanding and entitled to vote (or such higher vote as may
be required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law) and except that the Board
of Trustees cannot amend the Declaration of Trust to impose any liability on
shareholders, make any assessment on shares or impose liabilities on one or more
of the Trustees without approval from each affected shareholder or Trustee, as
the case may be.
Statements
contained in this SAI as to the contents of any contract or other document
referred to are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is
made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the
Registration Statement of which this SAI forms a part, each such statement being
qualified in all respects by such reference.
PRINCIPAL
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
Descriptions
in this SAI of a particular investment practice or technique in which the Funds
may engage are meant to describe the spectrum of investments that the Advisor,
as applicable, in its discretion might, but is not required to, use in managing
the Funds’ portfolio assets. The Advisor, as applicable, may in its discretion
at any time employ such practice, technique or instrument for the
Funds. Furthermore, it is possible that certain types of financial
instruments or investment techniques described herein may not be available,
permissible, economically feasible or effective for their intended purposes in
all markets. Certain practices, techniques or instruments may not be principal
activities of the Funds, but, to the extent employed, could from time to time
have a material impact on the Funds’ performance.
The equity and debt capital markets in
the United States and internationally have experienced unprecedented
volatility. This
financial crisis has caused a significant decline in the value and liquidity of
many securities. These market conditions may continue or get
worse. Because the situation is unprecedented and widespread, it may
be unusually difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models
of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of these
events.
Additional Information
Regarding the Fund’s Investments
Common
Stock . Common stocks are shares of a corporation or other entity that
entitle the holder to a pro rata share of the profits of the corporation, if
any, without preference over any other class of securities, including the
company's debt securities, preferred stock and other senior equity
securities. Common stock of an issuer in a Fund’s portfolio may
decline in price if the issuer fails to make anticipated dividend payments
because, among other reasons, the issuer of the security experiences a decline
in its financial condition. While broad market measures of common stocks have
historically generated higher average returns than fixed income securities,
common stocks have also experienced significantly more volatility in those
returns.
The
Funds may invest in common stock of companies with market capitalizations that
are small compared to other publicly traded companies. Investments in larger
companies present certain advantages in that such companies generally have
greater financial resources, more extensive research and development,
manufacturing, marketing and service capabilities, and more stability and
greater depth of management and personnel. Investments in smaller, less seasoned
companies may present greater opportunities for growth but also may involve
greater risks than customarily are associated with more established companies.
The securities of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic
market movements than larger, more established companies. These companies may
have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be
dependent upon a limited management group. Their securities may be traded in the
over-the-counter market or on a regional exchange, or may otherwise have limited
liquidity. As a result of owning large positions in this type of security, a
Fund is subject to the additional risk of possibly having to sell portfolio
securities at disadvantageous times and prices if redemptions require the Fund
to liquidate its securities positions. In addition, it may be prudent for a
Fund, as its asset size grows, to limit the number of relatively small positions
it holds in securities having limited liquidity in order to minimize its
exposure to such risks, to minimize transaction costs, and to maximize the
benefits of research. As a consequence, as a Fund’s asset size increases, the
Fund may reduce its exposure to illiquid small capitalization securities, which
could adversely affect performance.
3
The
Funds may also invest in stocks of companies with medium market capitalizations.
Such investments share some of the risk characteristics of investments in stocks
of companies with small market capitalizations described above, although such
companies tend to have longer operating histories, broader product lines and
greater financial resources and their stocks tend to be more liquid and less
volatile than those of smaller capitalization issuers.
Warrants
and Rights . Each Fund may invest in warrants or rights (including
those acquired in units or attached to other securities) that entitle the holder
to buy equity securities at a specific price for a specific period of time but
will do so only if such equity securities are deemed appropriate by the Advisor
for inclusion in the Fund’s portfolio.
Investing
in warrants is purely speculative in that they have no voting rights, pay no
dividends, and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation
issuing them. They do not represent ownership of the securities but only the
right to buy them. Warrants are issued by the issuer of the security, which may
be purchased on their exercise. The prices of warrants do not necessarily
parallel the prices of the underlying securities.
Preferred
Stocks. Preferred stock has a preference over common stock in liquidation
(and generally as to dividends as well), but is subordinated to the liabilities
of the issuer in all respects. Preferred stock may offer the opportunity for
capital appreciation as well as periodic income.
There are
special risks associated with investing in preferred securities,
including:
Deferral. Preferred securities may
include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer
distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the
issuer. If a Fund owns a preferred security that is deferring its distributions,
the Fund in certain circumstances may be required to report income for federal
income tax purposes prior to the actual receipt of such income.
Non-Cumulative
Dividends. Some preferred stocks are non-cumulative, meaning that the
dividends do not accumulate and need not ever be paid. A portion of the
portfolio may include investments in non-cumulative preferred securities,
whereby the issuer does not have an obligation to make up any arrearages to its
shareholders. Should an issuer of a non-cumulative preferred stock held by a
Fund determine not to pay dividends on such stock, the amount of dividends the
Fund pays may be adversely affected. There is no assurance that dividends or
distributions on non-cumulative preferred stocks in which a Fund invests will be
declared or otherwise made payable.
Subordination.
Preferred securities are subordinated to bonds and other debt instruments in a
company's capital structure in terms of priority to corporate income and
liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than
more senior debt instruments.
Liquidity.
Preferred securities may be substantially less liquid than many other
securities, such as common stocks or U.S. government securities.
Limited Voting
Rights. Generally, preferred security holders (such as the Funds) have no
voting rights with respect to the issuing company unless preferred dividends
have been in arrears for a specified number of periods, at which time the
preferred security holders may have the right to elect a number of directors to
the issuer's board. Generally, once all the arrearages have been paid, the
preferred security holders no longer have voting rights.
4
Special
Redemption Rights. In certain varying circumstances, an issuer of
preferred securities may redeem the securities prior to a specified date. For
instance, for certain types of preferred securities, a redemption may be
triggered by a change in federal income tax or securities laws. As with call
provisions, a redemption by the issuer may negatively impact the return of the
security held by a Fund.
Short
Sales . The Zacks Market Neutral Fund may engage in short
sales. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a
security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security
will decline. If the price of the security sold short increases
between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund replaces the borrowed
security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the
Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss will
be increased, by the transaction costs incurred by the Fund, including the costs
associated with providing collateral to the broker-dealer (usually cash and
liquid securities) and the maintenance of collateral with its custodian.
Although the Fund’s gain is limited to the price at which it sold the security
short, its potential loss is theoretically unlimited.
When
the Advisor believes that the price of a particular security held by the Fund
may decline, it may make "short sales against the box" to hedge the unrealized
gain on such security. Selling short against the box involves selling
a security which the Fund owns for delivery at a specified date in the
future.
To the
extent the Fund sells securities short, it will provide collateral to the
broker-dealer and (except in the case of short sales “against the box”) will
maintain additional asset coverage in the form of liquid assets with its
custodian in a segregated account in an amount at least equal to the difference
between the current market value of the securities sold short and any amounts
required to be deposited as collateral with the selling broker (not including
the proceeds of the short sale).
Convertible
Securities. A convertible security is a preferred stock, warrant or other
security that may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of
common stock or other security of the same or a different issuer or into cash
within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A
convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive the dividend paid
on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed,
converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities generally have
characteristics similar to both fixed income and equity securities.
Investment
Grade Debt Securities. The Funds may invest in investment grade debt
securities of varying maturities issued by the U.S. government, corporations and
other business entities. The Funds consider bonds to be investment grade if such
bonds are rated AAA, AA, A or BBB by Standard & Poor's Ratings, a division
of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“S&P”) or rated Aaa, Aa, A or Baa by
Moody's Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), or if unrated, are determined by
the Advisor to be of comparable credit quality.
Securities
Subject to Reorganization. The Funds may invest in securities of
companies for which a tender or exchange offer has been made or announced and in
securities of companies for which a merger, consolidation, liquidation or
reorganization proposal has been announced if, in the judgment of the Advisor,
there is a reasonable prospect of high total return that is significantly
greater than the brokerage and other transaction expenses
involved.
In
general, securities which are the subject of such an offer or proposal sell at a
premium to their historic market price immediately prior to the announcement of
the offer or may also discount what the stated or appraised value of the
security would be if the contemplated transaction were approved or consummated.
Such investments may be advantageous when the discount significantly overstates
the risk of the contingencies involved; significantly undervalues the
securities, assets or cash to be received by shareholders of the prospective
portfolio company as a result of the contemplated transaction; or fails
adequately to recognize the possibility that the offer or proposal may be
replaced or superseded by an offer or proposal of greater value. The evaluation
of such contingencies requires unusually broad knowledge and experience on the
part of the Advisor which must appraise not only the value of the issuer and its
component businesses as well as the assets or securities to be received as a
result of the contemplated transaction but also the financial resources and
business motivation of the offer and/or the dynamics and business climate when
the offer or proposal is in process. Since such investments are ordinarily
short-term in nature, they will tend to increase the turnover ratio of an
investing Fund, thereby increasing its brokerage and other transaction expenses.
The Advisor intends to select investments of the type described which, in its
view, have a reasonable prospect of capital appreciation which is significant in
relation to both risk involved and the potential of available alternative
investments.
5
Foreign
Investments. Investments in securities of foreign issuers involve risks
in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic investments. Foreign
securities are affected by the fact that in many countries there is less
publicly available information about issuers than is available in the reports
and ratings published about companies in the U.S. and companies may not be
subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards. Other
risks inherent in foreign investments include expropriation; confiscatory
taxation; withholding taxes on dividends and interest; less extensive regulation
of foreign brokers, securities markets and issuers; diplomatic developments; and
political or social instability. Foreign economies may differ favorably or
unfavorably from the U.S. economy in various respects, and many foreign
securities are less liquid and their prices tend to be more volatile than
comparable U.S. securities. From time to time, foreign securities may be
difficult to liquidate rapidly without adverse price effects.
The
Funds may invest in foreign securities by purchasing American Depositary
Receipts ("ADRs"). Generally, ADRs, in registered form, are denominated in U.S.
dollars and are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets. ADRs are
receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing ownership
of the underlying foreign security. For purposes of the Funds’ investment
policies, ADRs are deemed to have the same classification as the underlying
securities they represent, except that ADRs shall be treated as indirect foreign
investments. Thus, an ADR representing ownership of common stock will be treated
as common stock. ADRs do not eliminate all of the risks associated with directly
investing in the securities of foreign issuers, such as changes in foreign
currency risks. However, by investing in ADRs rather than directly in foreign
issuers' stock, a Fund avoids currency risks during the settlement
period.
Depositary
receipts may be available through "sponsored" or "unsponsored" facilities. A
sponsored facility is established jointly by a depositary and the issuer of the
security underlying the receipt. An unsponsored facility may be established by a
depositary without participation by the issuer of the security underlying the
receipt. There are greater risks associated with holding unsponsored depositary
receipts. For example, if a Fund holds an unsponsored depositary receipt, it
will generally bear all of the costs of establishing the unsponsored facility.
In addition, the depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no
obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of
the deposited security or to pass through to the holders of the receipts voting
rights with respect to the deposited securities.
In
considering whether to invest in the securities of a foreign company, the
Advisor considers such factors as the characteristics of the particular company,
differences between economic trends, and the performance of securities markets
within the U.S. and those within other countries. The portfolio manager also
considers factors relating to the general economic, governmental, and social
conditions of the country or countries where the company is
located.
6
Securities
transactions conducted outside the U.S. may not be regulated as rigorously as in
the U.S., may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees, and are
subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the prices
of, foreign securities, currencies and other instruments. The value of such
positions also could be adversely affected by (i) other complex foreign
political, legal and economic factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the U.S.
of data on which to make trading decisions, (iii) delays in a Fund’s ability to
act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours
in the U.S., (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and
procedures and the margin requirements than in the U.S., (v) currency exchange
rate changes, and (vi) lower trading volume and liquidity.
Asset-Backed
and Mortgage-Backed Securities . The Funds may invest in asset-backed
and mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities represent ownership
of an undivided interest in a pool of mortgages. Aggregate principal and
interest payments received from the pool are used to pay principal and interest
on a mortgage-backed security. Asset-backed securities are similar to
mortgage-backed securities except they represent ownership in a pool of notes or
receivables on assets other than real estate, such as loans, leases, credit card
receivables or royalties. The Advisor does not currently anticipate investments
in mortgage- or asset-backed securities, but may invest in such securities if
deemed appropriate.
If a Fund purchases mortgage-backed
securities that are “subordinated” to other interests in the same mortgage
pool, the Fund as a holder
of those securities may only receive payments after the pool’s obligations to other investors have
been satisfied. An unexpectedly high rate of defaults on the
mortgages held by a mortgage pool may limit substantially the pool’s ability to make payments of principal or interest to the Fund
as a holder of such subordinated securities, reducing the values of those
securities or in some cases rendering them worthless; the risk of such defaults
is generally higher in the case of mortgage pools that include so-called “subprime” mortgages. An unexpectedly high or low
rate of prepayments on a pool’s underlying mortgages may have similar
effects on subordinated securities. A mortgage pool may issue securities subject
to various levels of subordination; the risk of non-payment affects securities at
each level, although the risk is greater in the case of more highly subordinated
securities.
Strategic
Transactions
The
Funds may, but are not required to, use various investment strategies as
described below ("Strategic Transactions") to earn income, to facilitate
portfolio management and to mitigate risks. Techniques and instruments may
change over time as new instruments and strategies are developed or as
regulatory changes occur. Although the Advisor, as applicable, seeks to use such
transactions to further each Fund’s investment objective, no assurance can be
given that the use of these transactions will achieve this result. The Funds’
activities involving Strategic Transactions may be limited by the requirements
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code" or
"Code"), for qualification as a regulated investment company.
Selling Call and
Put Options. The principal reason for selling options is to obtain,
through receipt of premiums, a greater current return than would be realized on
the underlying securities alone. Such current return could be expected to
fluctuate because premiums earned from an option selling program and dividend or
interest income yields on portfolio securities vary as economic and market
conditions change. Selling options on portfolio securities is likely to result
in a higher portfolio turnover rate.
The
purchaser of a call option pays a premium to the seller (i.e., the writer) for
the right to buy the underlying security from the seller at a specified price
during a certain period. A Fund would write call options only on a covered basis
or for cross-hedging purposes. A call option is covered if, at all times during
the option period, a Fund owns or has the right to acquire the securities of the
type that it would be obligated to deliver if any outstanding option were
exercised. An option is for cross-hedging purposes if it is not covered by the
security subject to the option, but is designed to provide a hedge against
another security which a Fund owns or has the right to acquire. In such
circumstances, the Fund collateralizes the option by segregating cash and/or
liquid securities in an amount at least equal to the market value of the
underlying security, marked to market daily, while the option is
outstanding.
7
The
purchaser of a put option pays a premium to the seller (i.e., the writer) for
the right to sell the underlying security to the writer at a specified price
during a certain period. Each Fund would sell put options only on a secured
basis, which means that, at all times during the option period, the Fund would
segregate cash and/or liquid securities in an amount at least equal to the
exercise price of the option, or would hold a put on the same underlying
security at an equal or greater exercise price.
To
terminate its position as a writer of a call or put option, a Fund could enter
into a "closing purchase transaction," which is the purchase of a call (put) on
the same underlying security and having the same exercise price and expiration
date as the call (put) previously sold by the Fund. The Fund would realize a
gain (loss) if the premium plus commission paid in the closing purchase
transaction is less (greater) than the premium it received on the sale of the
option. The Fund would also realize a gain if an option it has written lapses
unexercised.
The
Funds could sell options that are listed on an exchange as well as options which
are privately negotiated in over-the-counter transactions. Each Fund could close
out its position as a seller of an option only if a liquid secondary market
exists for options of that series, but there is no assurance that such a market
will exist, particularly in the case of over-the-counter options, since they can
be closed out only with the other party to the transaction. Alternatively, the
Fund could purchase an offsetting option, which would not close out its position
as a seller, but would provide an asset of equal value to its obligation under
the option sold. If a Fund is not able to enter into a closing purchase
transaction or to purchase an offsetting option with respect to an option it has
sold, it will be required to maintain the securities subject to the call or the
collateral securing the option until a closing purchase transaction can be
entered into (or the option is exercised or expires) even though it might not be
advantageous to do so. The staff of the SEC currently takes the position that,
in general, over-the-counter options on securities other than U.S. government
securities purchased by a fund, and portfolio securities "covering" the amount
of such fund’s obligation pursuant to an over-the-counter option sold by it (the
cost of the sell-back plus the in-the-money amount, if any) are
illiquid. Therefore any such options in which a Fund invests are
subject to the Fund’s limitation on illiquid securities described
herein.
Risks of Writing
Options. By selling a call option, a Fund loses the potential for gain on
the underlying security above the exercise price while the option is
outstanding; by selling a put option the Fund might become obligated to purchase
the underlying security at an exercise price that exceeds the then current
market price.
Purchasing Call
or Put Options. The Funds could purchase call options to protect against
anticipated increases in the prices of securities it wishes to acquire.
Alternatively, the Funds could purchase call options for capital appreciation.
Since the premium paid for a call option is typically a small fraction of the
price of the underlying security, a given amount of funds will purchase call
options covering a much larger quantity of such security than could be purchased
directly. By purchasing call options, a Fund could benefit from any significant
increase in the price of the underlying security to a greater extent than had it
invested the same amount in the security directly. However, because of the very
high volatility of option premiums, the Fund would bear a significant risk of
losing the entire premium if the price of the underlying security did not rise
sufficiently, or if it did not do so before the option expired.
Put
options may be purchased to protect against anticipated declines in the market
value of either specific portfolio securities or of a Fund’s assets generally.
Alternatively, put options may be purchased for capital appreciation in
anticipation of a price decline in the underlying security and a corresponding
increase in the value of the put option. The purchase of put options for capital
appreciation involves the same significant risk of loss as described above for
call options.
8
In any
case, the purchase of options for capital appreciation would increase a Fund’s
volatility by increasing the impact of changes in the market price of the
underlying securities on the Fund's net asset value per share
(“NAV”).
Options on Stock
Indices. Options on stock indices are similar to options on stock, but
the delivery requirements are different. Instead of giving the right to take or
make delivery of stock at a specified price, an option on a stock index gives
the holder the right to receive an amount of cash which amount will depend upon
the closing level of the stock index upon which the option is based being
greater than (in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of a put) the
exercise price of the option. The amount of cash received will be the difference
between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the option,
multiplied by a specified dollar multiple. The writer of the option is
obligated, in return for the premium received, to make delivery of this
amount.
Some
stock index options are based on a broad market index such as the Standard &
Poor's 500 or the New York Stock Exchange Composite Index, or a narrower index
such as the Standard & Poor's 100. Indices are also based on an industry or
market segment such as the AMEX Oil and Gas Index or the Computer and Business
Equipment Index. A stock index fluctuates with changes in the market values of
the stocks included in the index. Options are currently traded on several
exchanges.
Gain
or loss to a Fund on transactions in stock index options will depend on price
movements in the stock market generally (or in a particular industry or segment
of the market) rather than price movements of individual securities. As with
stock options, a Fund may offset its position in stock index options prior to
expiration by entering into a closing transaction, or it may let the option
expire unexercised.
Futures
Contracts. The Funds may engage in transactions involving futures
contracts and options on futures contracts in accordance with the rules and
interpretations of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") under which
the Trust would be exempt from registration as a "commodity
pool."
An index
futures contract is an agreement pursuant to which a party agrees to take or
make delivery of an amount of cash equal to a specified dollar amount multiplied
by the difference between the index value at a specified time and the price at
which the futures contract originally was struck. No physical delivery of the
underlying securities in the index is made.
Currently,
securities index futures contracts can be purchased with respect to several
indices on various exchanges. Differences in the securities included in the
indices may result in differences in correlation of the futures contracts with
movements in the value of the securities being hedged.
In
contrast to the purchase or sale of a security, no price is paid or received
upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Initially, a Fund is required
to deposit an amount of cash and/or liquid securities equal to a percentage
(which will normally range between 1% and 10%) of the contract amount with
either a futures commission merchant pursuant to rules and regulations
promulgated under the 1940 Act or with its custodian in an account in the
broker's name. This amount is known as initial margin. The nature of initial
margin in futures contract transactions is different from that of margin in
security transactions in that futures contract margin does not involve the
borrowing of funds by the customer to finance the transaction. Rather, the
initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on
the contract, which is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures
contract and satisfaction of its contractual obligations. Subsequent payments to
and from the initial margin account, called variation margin, are made on a
daily basis as the price of the underlying securities or index fluctuates,
making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less
valuable, a process known as marking to market.
9
For
example, when a Fund purchases a futures contract and the price of the
underlying security or index rises, that position increases in value, and the
Fund receives a variation margin payment equal to that increase in value.
Conversely, where a Fund purchases a futures contract and the value of the
underlying security or index declines, the position is less valuable, and the
Fund is required to make a variation margin payment.
At any
time prior to expiration of the futures contract, a Fund may elect to terminate
the position by taking an opposite position. A final determination of variation
margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to
the Fund, and the Fund realizes a loss or a gain.
When a
Fund anticipates a significant market or market sector advance, the purchase of
a futures contract affords a hedge against not participating in the advance at a
time when the Fund is otherwise fully invested ("anticipatory hedge"). Such
purchase of a futures contract would serve as a temporary substitute for the
purchase of individual securities, which may be purchased in an orderly fashion
once the market has stabilized. As individual securities are purchased, an
equivalent amount of futures contracts could be terminated by offsetting sales.
A Fund may sell futures contracts in anticipation of or in a general market or
market sector decline that may adversely affect the market value of the Fund's
securities ("defensive hedge"). To the extent that a Fund’s portfolio of
securities changes in value in correlation with the underlying security or
index, the sale of futures contracts would substantially reduce the risk to the
Fund of a market decline and, by so doing, provides an alternative to the
liquidation of securities positions in the Fund. Ordinarily, transaction costs
associated with futures contract transactions are lower than transaction costs
that would be incurred in the purchase and sale of the underlying
securities.
Special Risks
Associated with Futures Contract Transactions. There are several risks
connected with the use of futures contracts. These include the risk of imperfect
correlation between movements in the price of the futures contracts and of the
underlying securities or index; the risk of market distortion; the risk of
illiquidity; and the risk of error in anticipating price movement.
There
may be an imperfect correlation (or no correlation) between movements in the
price of the futures contracts and of the securities being hedged. The risk of
imperfect correlation increases as the composition of the securities being
hedged diverges from the securities upon which the futures contract is based. If
the price of the futures contract moves less than the price of the securities
being hedged, the hedge will not be fully effective. To compensate for the
imperfect correlation, a Fund could buy or sell futures contracts in a greater
dollar amount than the dollar amount of securities being hedged if the
historical volatility of the securities being hedged is greater than the
historical volatility of the securities underlying the futures contract.
Conversely, a Fund could buy or sell futures contracts in a lesser dollar amount
than the dollar amount of securities being hedged if the historical volatility
of the securities being hedged is less than the historical volatility of the
securities underlying the futures contracts. It is also possible that the value
of futures contracts held by a Fund could decline at the same time as portfolio
securities being hedged; if this occurred, the Fund would lose money on the
futures contract in addition to suffering a decline in value in the portfolio
securities being hedged.
There is
also the risk that the price of futures contracts may not correlate perfectly
with movements in the securities or index underlying the futures contract due to
certain market distortions. First, all participants in the futures contract
market are subject to margin depository and maintenance requirements. Rather
than meet additional margin depository requirements, investors may close futures
contracts through offsetting transactions, which could distort the normal
relationship between the futures contract market and the securities or index
underlying the futures contract. Second, from the point of view of speculators,
the deposit requirements in the futures contract market are less onerous than
margin requirements in the securities markets. Therefore, increased
participation by speculators in the futures contract markets may cause temporary
price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortion in the futures
contract markets and because of the imperfect correlation between movements in
futures contracts and movements in the securities underlying them, a correct
forecast of general market trends by the Advisor may still not result in a
successful hedging transaction.
10
There
is also the risk that futures contract markets may not be sufficiently liquid.
Futures contracts may be closed out only on an exchange or board of trade that
provides a market for such futures contracts. Although the Funds intend to
purchase or sell futures contracts only on exchanges and boards of trade where
there appears to be an active secondary market, there can be no assurance that
an active secondary market will exist for any particular contract or at any
particular time. In the event of such illiquidity, it might not be possible to
close a futures contract position and, in the event of adverse price movement, a
Fund would continue to be required to make daily payments of variation margin.
Since the securities being hedged would not be sold until the related futures
contract is sold, an increase, if any, in the price of the securities may to
some extent offset losses on the related futures contract. In such event, the
Fund would lose the benefit of the appreciation in value of the
securities.
Successful
use of futures contracts is also subject to the Advisor's ability to correctly
predict the direction of movements in the market. For example, if a Fund hedges
against a decline in the market, and market prices instead advance, the Fund
will lose part or all of the benefit of the increase in value of its securities
holdings because it will have offsetting losses in futures contracts. In such
cases, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio
securities at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so to meet the daily
variation margin.
Although
the Funds intend to enter into futures contracts only if there is an active
market for such contracts, there is no assurance that an active market will
exist for the contracts at any particular time. Most U.S. futures contract
exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in
futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has
been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price
beyond that limit. It is possible that futures contract prices would move to the
daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading,
thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures contract positions and
subjecting some futures contract traders to substantial losses. In such event,
and in the event of adverse price movements, the Fund would be required to make
daily cash payments of variation margin. In such circumstances, an increase in
the value of the portion of the portfolio being hedged, if any, may partially or
completely offset losses on the futures contract. However, there is no guarantee
that the price of the securities being hedged will, in fact, correlate with the
price movements in a futures contract and thus provide an offset to losses on
the futures contract.
Options on
Futures Contracts. The Funds may also purchase and write options on
futures contracts. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the
right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures
contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the
option is a put) at a specified exercise price at any time during the option
period. As a writer of an option on a futures contract, a Fund would be subject
to initial margin and maintenance requirements similar to those applicable to
futures contracts. In addition, net option premiums received by the Fund are
required to be included as initial margin deposits. When an option on a futures
contract is exercised, delivery of the futures contract position is accompanied
by cash representing the difference between the current market price of the
futures contract and the exercise price of the option. Each Fund could purchase
put options on futures contracts in lieu of, and for the same purposes as, the
sale of a futures contract; at the same time, it could write put options at a
lower strike price (a "put bear spread") to offset part of the cost of the
strategy to the Fund. The purchase of call options on futures contracts is
intended to serve the same purpose as the actual purchase of the futures
contracts.
11
Risks of
Transactions in Options on Futures Contracts. In addition to the risks
described above which apply to all options transactions, there are several
special risks relating to options on futures contracts. The Advisor, as
applicable, will not purchase options on futures contracts on any exchange
unless in the Advisor's opinion, as applicable, a liquid secondary exchange
market for such options exists. Compared to the use of futures contracts, the
purchase of options on futures contracts involves less potential risk to a Fund
because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options (plus
transaction costs). However, there may be circumstances, such as when
there is no movement in the price of the underlying security or index, when the
use of an option on a future contract would result in a loss to a Fund when the
use of a future contract would not.
Additional Risks
of Options, Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. Each of
the exchanges has established limitations governing the maximum number of call
or put options on the same underlying security or futures contract (whether or
not covered) which may be written by a single investor, whether acting alone or
in concert with others (regardless of whether such options are written on the
same or different exchanges or are held or written on one or more accounts or
through one or more brokers). An exchange may order the liquidation of positions
found to be in violation of these limits and it may impose other sanctions or
restrictions. These position limits may restrict the number of listed
options which a Fund may write.
In the
event of the bankruptcy of a broker through which a Fund engages in transactions
in options, futures contracts or options on futures contracts, the Fund could
experience delays or losses in liquidating open positions purchased or incur a
loss of all or part of its margin deposits. Transactions are entered
into by a Fund only with brokers or financial institutions deemed creditworthy
by the Advisor.
Swap
Agreements. A swap is a derivative financial instrument that typically
involves the exchange of cash flows between two parties on specified dates
(settlement dates), where the cash flows are based on agreed-upon prices, rates,
indices, etc. Swaps are individually negotiated and structured to include
exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. The
Funds may enter into swap agreements with respect to individual securities,
indexes of securities, interest rates, currencies and other assets or measures
of risk or return. The Funds may also enter into options on swap agreements
("swaptions"). These transactions are entered into in an attempt to obtain a
particular return when it is considered desirable to do so, possibly at a lower
cost to a Fund than if the Fund had invested directly in an instrument that
yielded that desired return.
Swap
agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional
investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. In a
standard "swap" transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or
differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined
investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. The
gross returns to be exchanged or "swapped" between the parties are generally
calculated with respect to a "notional amount," i.e., the return on or increase
in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate or
in a "basket" of securities representing a particular index. Forms of swap
agreements include caps, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees
to make payments to the other to the extent that, for example, the return on a
given equity index exceeds a specified rate, or "cap"; floors, under which, in
return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the
extent that, for example, the return on a given equity index falls below a
specified rate, or "floor"; and collars, under which a party sells a cap and
purchases a floor or vice versa in an attempt to protect itself against
movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels. A swaption is a contract
that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation) to enter into a new
swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise modify an existing
swap agreement, at some designated future time on specified terms. The Funds may
write (sell) and purchase put and call swaptions.
12
Many
swap agreements entered into by a Fund would calculate the obligations of the
parties to the agreement on a "net basis." Consequently, the Fund's current
obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to
the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative
values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the "net amount").
The Fund's current obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily
(offset against any amounts owed to the Fund). Although it has no current
intention to do so, each Fund may use swap agreements to add leverage to the
portfolio. Each Fund may (but is not required to) cover any accrued but unpaid
net amounts owed to a swap counterparty through the segregation of assets
determined to be liquid by the Fund in accordance with procedures established by
the Board of Trustees. Obligations under swap agreements so covered will not be
construed to be "senior securities" for purposes of the Fund’s investment
restriction concerning senior securities and borrowings.
Whether
a Fund’s use of swap agreements or swaptions will be successful in furthering
its investment objectives will depend on the Fund’s ability to predict correctly
whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than
other investments. Because they are two-party contracts and because they may
have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be
illiquid. Moreover, a Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be
received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a
swap agreement counterparty. If a counter-party's creditworthiness declined, the
value of a swap agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in
losses. The performance of swap agreements may be affected by a change in the
specific currency, or by other factors that determine the amount of payments
due. If a swap agreement calls for a payment by a Fund, the Fund must be
prepared to make such payments when due.
The
swaps market is largely unregulated. A Fund’s ability to terminate or transfer a
swap agreement is generally very limited. Swap agreements may increase the
overall volatility of the investments of a Fund. It is possible that
developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation,
could adversely affect a Fund’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or
to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Use of Segregated
and other Special Accounts. Many Strategic Transactions, in addition to
other requirements, require that a Fund segregate cash and/or liquid securities
to the extent Fund obligations are not otherwise "covered" as described above.
In general, either the full amount of any obligation by a Fund to pay or deliver
securities or assets must be covered at all times by the securities, instruments
or currency required to be delivered (or securities convertible into the needed
securities without additional consideration), or, subject to any regulatory
restrictions, the Fund must segregate cash and/or liquid securities in an amount
at least equal to the current amount of the obligation. The segregated assets
cannot be sold or transferred unless equivalent assets are substituted in their
place or it is no longer necessary to segregate them. In the case of a futures
contract or an option on a futures contract, a Fund must deposit initial margin
and possible daily variation margin in addition to segregating cash and/or
liquid securities sufficient to meet its obligation to purchase or provide
securities or currencies, or to pay the amount owed at the expiration of an
index-based futures contract. Strategic Transactions may be covered by other
means when consistent with applicable regulatory policies.
Certain Other Investment
Practices
When
Issued, Delayed Delivery Securities and Forward Commitments . The Funds
may enter into forward commitments for the purchase or sale of securities,
including on a "when issued" or "delayed delivery" basis, in excess of customary
settlement periods for the type of security involved. In some cases, a forward
commitment may be conditioned upon the occurrence of a subsequent event, such as
approval and consummation of a merger, corporate reorganization or debt
restructuring, (i.e., a when, as and if issued security). When such transactions
are negotiated, the price is fixed at the time of the commitment, with payment
and delivery taking place in the future, generally a month or more after the
date of the commitment. At the time a Fund makes the commitment to purchase a
security in a delayed-delivery transaction, it will record the transaction and
reflect the value of the security in determining its NAV. While it will only
enter into a forward commitment with the intention of actually acquiring the
security, a Fund may sell the security before the settlement date if it is
deemed advisable.
13
Securities
purchased under a forward commitment are subject to market fluctuation, and no
interest (or dividends) accrues to the Fund prior to the settlement date. A Fund
will segregate with its custodian cash or liquid securities in an aggregate
amount at least equal to the amount of its outstanding forward
commitments.
Repurchase
Agreements . Repurchase agreements may be seen as loans by a Fund
collateralized by underlying debt securities. Under the terms of a typical
repurchase agreement, a Fund would acquire an underlying debt obligation for a
relatively short period (usually not more than one week) subject to an
obligation of the seller to repurchase, and the Fund to resell, the obligation
at an agreed price and time. This arrangement results in a fixed rate of return
to the Fund that is not subject to market fluctuations during the holding
period. The Fund bears a risk of loss in the event that the other party to a
repurchase agreement defaults on its obligations and the Fund is delayed in or
prevented from exercising its rights to dispose of the collateral securities,
including the risk of a possible decline in the value of the underlying
securities during the period in which it seeks to assert these rights. The
Advisor, acting under the supervision of the Board of Trustees, reviews the
creditworthiness of those banks and dealers with which each Fund enters into
repurchase agreements to evaluate these risks and monitors on an ongoing basis
the value of the securities subject to repurchase agreements to ensure that the
value is maintained at the required level.
Other
Investment Companies . The Funds may invest in securities of other
investment companies that invest primarily in securities of the types in which
the Funds may invest directly to the extent permitted by the 1940
Act. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund may invest its assets in any
investment company, as long as the Fund and its affiliated persons own no more
than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of the acquired investment company and
the Fund complies with certain additional restrictions. This
restriction may not apply to the Fund’s investments in money market mutual funds
and affiliated funds (i.e., other series of the
Trust), if the Fund’s investments fall within the exceptions set forth under SEC
rules. As a stockholder in an investment company, a Fund will bear
its ratable share of that investment company's expenses, and would remain
subject to payment of the Fund's investment management fees with respect to the
assets so invested. Shareholders would therefore be subject to duplicative
expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. In
addition, the securities of other investment companies may be leveraged. The NAV
and market value of leveraged shares will be more volatile and the yield to
holders of common stock in such leveraged investment companies will tend to
fluctuate more than the yield generated by unleveraged shares.
The
Funds expect that these investments will primarily be in exchange-traded funds
("ETFs"). In addition, to seek to offset some of the risk of a larger potential
decline in the event the overall stock market has a sizeable short-term or
intermediate-term decline, each Fund may purchase put options or put option
debit spreads (where another put option at a lower strike price is sold to
offset the cost of the first put option) on certain ETFs that trade like common
stocks but represent certain market indices that correlate with the mix of
common stocks held in the Fund’s portfolio. The Advisor generally expects that
it may invest in other investment companies either during periods when they have
large amounts of uninvested cash, such as during periods when there is a
shortage of attractive securities available in the market.
Illiquid
and Restricted Securities . The Funds may invest in illiquid securities
(i.e., securities that are not readily marketable). For purposes of this
restriction, illiquid securities include, but are not limited to, restricted
securities (securities the disposition of which is restricted under the federal
securities laws), securities that may only be resold pursuant to Rule 144A under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), but that are
deemed to be illiquid; and repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of
seven days. However, a Fund will not acquire illiquid securities if, as a
result, such securities would comprise more than 15% of the value of the Fund's
net assets. The Board of Trustees or its delegate has the ultimate authority to
determine, to the extent permissible under the federal securities laws, which
securities are liquid or illiquid for purposes of this 15% limitation. The Board
of Trustees has delegated to the Advisor the day-to-day determination of the
illiquidity of any security held by the Funds, although it has retained
oversight and ultimate responsibility for such determinations. Although no
definitive liquidity criteria are used, the Board of Trustees has directed the
Advisor to look to such factors as (a) frequency of trading and availability of
quotations; (b) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security
and the availability of buyers; (c) the willingness of dealers to be market
makers in the security; and (d) the nature of trading activity including (i) the
time needed to dispose of a position or part of a position and (ii) offer and
solicitation methods.
14
Restricted
securities may be sold only in privately negotiated transactions or in a public
offering with respect to which a registration statement is in effect under the
Securities Act. Where registration is required, a Fund may be obligated to pay
all or part of the registration expenses and a considerable period may elapse
between the time of the decision to sell and the time the Fund may be permitted
to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a
period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less
favorable price than that which prevailed when it decided to
sell.
Illiquid
securities will usually be priced at fair value as determined in good faith by
the Board of Trustees or its delegate. If, through the appreciation of illiquid
securities or the depreciation of liquid securities, a Fund should be in a
position where more than 15% of the value of its net assets is invested in
illiquid securities, including restricted securities which are not readily
marketable, the Fund will take such steps as is deemed advisable, if any, to
protect liquidity.
Loans of
Portfolio Securities . Consistent with applicable regulatory
requirements and the Funds’ investment restrictions, a Fund may lend portfolio
securities to securities broker-dealers or financial institutions, provided that
such loans are callable at any time by the Fund (subject to notice provisions
described below), and are at all times secured by cash or cash equivalents,
which are maintained in a segregated account pursuant to applicable regulations
and that are at least equal to the market value, determined daily, of the loaned
securities. The advantage of such loans is that the Fund continues to receive
the income on the loaned securities while at the same time earns interest on the
cash amounts deposited as collateral, which will be invested in short-term
obligations. A Fund will not lend portfolio securities if such loans are not
permitted by the laws or regulations of any state in which its shares are
qualified for sale. A Fund’s loans of portfolio securities will be
collateralized in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements and no loan
will cause the value of all loaned securities to exceed 33 1/3% of the value of
a Fund’s total assets.
A loan
may generally be terminated by the borrower on one business day notice, or by a
Fund on five business days notice. If the borrower fails to deliver the loaned
securities within five days after receipt of notice or fails to maintain the
requisite amount of collateral, the Fund could use the collateral to replace the
securities while holding the borrower liable for any excess of replacement cost
over collateral. As with any extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in
recovery and in some cases even loss of rights in the collateral should the
borrower of the securities fail financially. However, these loans of portfolio
securities will only be made to firms deemed by the Funds’ management to be
creditworthy and when the income that can be earned from such loans justifies
the attendant risks. Upon termination of the loan, the borrower is required to
return the securities to the Fund. Any gain or loss in the market price during
the loan period would inure to the Fund. The risks associated with loans of
portfolio securities are substantially similar to those associated with
repurchase agreements. Thus, if the counterparty to the loan petitions for
bankruptcy or becomes subject to the United States Bankruptcy Code, the law
regarding the rights of the Fund is unsettled. As a result, under extreme
circumstances, there may be a restriction on the Fund’s ability to sell the
collateral, and the Fund would suffer a loss. When voting or consent rights that
accompany loaned securities pass to the borrower, a Fund will follow the policy
of calling the loaned securities, to be delivered within one day after notice,
to permit the exercise of such rights if the matters involved would have a
material effect on the Fund’s investment in such loaned securities. Each Fund
will pay reasonable finder's, administrative and custodial fees in connection
with a loan of its securities.
15
Temporary Defensive
Investments
When a
temporary defensive posture is believed by the Advisor to be warranted
("temporary defensive periods"), each Fund may, without limitation, hold cash or
invest its assets in money market instruments and repurchase agreements. The
money market instruments in which each Fund may invest are obligations of the
U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; commercial paper rated A-1
or higher by S&P or Prime-1 by Moody's; and certificates of deposit,
bankers' acceptances and bank time deposits issued by domestic branches of U.S.
banks that are members of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. During
temporary defensive periods, each Fund also may invest in shares of money market
mutual funds to the extent permitted under applicable law. Money market mutual
funds are investment companies, and the investments in those companies by the
Fund are in some cases subject to certain fundamental investment restrictions.
As a shareholder in a mutual fund, a Fund will bear its ratable share of its
expenses, including management fees, and will remain subject to payment of the
fees to the Advisor, with respect to assets so invested. A Fund may not achieve
its investment objectives during temporary defensive periods.
Additional Risk
Considerations
Counterparty
Risk . A Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to the
counterparties to the derivatives contracts purchased by the Fund. If a
counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations
under a derivatives contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may
experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative
contract in bankruptcy or other reorganization proceedings. The Fund may obtain
only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in such
circumstances.
Portfolio
Turnover Risk . Portfolio turnover is not a limiting factor with
respect to investment decisions of the Advisor. The rate of a Fund’s portfolio
turnover may vary significantly from time to time depending on the volatility of
economic and market conditions. A higher portfolio turnover rate
results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional
expenses that are borne by a Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in an
increased realization of net short-term capital gains by a Fund which, when
distributed to shareholders, will be taxable for federal income tax purposes at
ordinary income tax rates. The following table provides the portfolio
turnover rate for the past two fiscal years for the Zacks Multi-Cap
Opportunities Fund and for a shorter period for the Zacks Market Neutral
Fund.
*The
Zacks Market Neutral Fund commenced operations on July 24,2008.
The
increase in the portfolio turnover rate from 2007 to 2008 for the Zacks Multi
Cap Opportunities Fund was due to significant shareholder activity along with
market volatility.
16
Market
Disruptions. As a result of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade
Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, some of the U.S. securities
markets were closed for a four-day period. These terrorist attacks, the war in
Iraq and its aftermath and other geopolitical events have led to, and may in the
future lead to, increased short-term market volatility and may have long-term
effects on U.S. and world economies and markets. Similar events in the future or
other disruptions of financial markets could affect interest rates, securities
exchanges, credit risk, inflation and other factors relating to the Funds’
shares.
INVESTMENT
RESTRICTIONS
The
Trust (on behalf of each Fund) operates under the following restrictions that
constitute fundamental policies that, except as otherwise noted, cannot be
changed with respect to a Fund without the affirmative vote of the holders of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund voting together as a
single class, which is defined by the 1940 Act as the lesser of (i) 67% or more
of the Fund’s voting securities present at a meeting, if the holders of more
than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities are present or represented
by proxy; or (ii) more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities.
Except as otherwise noted, all percentage limitations set forth below apply
immediately after a purchase or initial investment and any subsequent change in
any applicable percentage resulting from market fluctuations does not require
any action. These restrictions provide that neither Fund may:
1.
Issue
senior securities nor borrow money, except that each Fund may issue senior
securities or borrow money to the extent permitted by applicable
law.
2.
Act
as an underwriter of securities issued by others, except to the extent
that, in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities, it may
be deemed to be an underwriter under applicable securities
laws.
3.
Invest
in any security if, as a result, 25% or more of the value of the Fund’s
total assets, taken at market value at the time of each investment, are in
the securities of issuers in any particular industry except (a) excluding
securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government and its agencies
and instrumentalities or tax-exempt securities of state and municipal
governments or their political subdivisions or (b) as otherwise permitted
by applicable law.
4.
Purchase
or sell real estate except that each Fund may: (a) acquire or lease office
space for its own use; (b) invest in securities of issuers that invest in
real estate or interests therein or that are engaged in or operate in the
real estate industry; (c) invest in securities that are secured by real
estate or interests therein; (d) purchase and sell mortgage-related
securities; (e) hold and sell real estate acquired by the Fund as a result
of the ownership of securities; and (f) invest as otherwise permitted by
applicable law.
5.
Purchase
or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of
securities or other instruments; provided that this restriction shall not
prohibit the Funds from purchasing or selling options, futures contracts
and related options thereon, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors,
collars and any other financial instruments or from investing in
securities or other instruments backed by physical commodities or as
otherwise permitted by applicable
law.
6.
Make
loans of money or property to any person, except: (a) to the extent that
securities or interests in which the Funds may invest are considered to be
loans; (b) through the loan of portfolio securities in an amount up to 33
1/3% of such Fund’s total assets; (c) by engaging in repurchase agreements
or (d) as may otherwise be permitted by applicable
law.
17
MANAGEMENT
OF THE FUNDS
Trustees and
Officers
The
overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is vested with its
Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements
between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including
the agreements with the Advisor, co-administrators, distributor, custodian and
transfer agent. The day-to-day operations of the Trust are delegated
to its officers, except that the Advisor is responsible for making day-to-day
investment decisions in accordance with the Funds’ investment objectives,
strategies, and policies, all of which are subject to general supervision by the
Board.
The
Trustees and officers of the Trust, their year of birth and positions with the
Trust, term of office with the Trust and length of time served, their business
addresses and principal occupations during the past five years and other
directorships held are listed in the table below. Unless noted
otherwise, each person has held the position listed for a minimum of five
years. Charles H. Miller, Ashley
Toomey Rabun and William H. Young are all of the Trustees who are
not "interested persons" of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940
Act (collectively, the "Independent Trustees").
Name,
Address, Year of Birth and Position(s) held with Trust
Term
of Officec
and Length of Time Served
Principal
Occupation During the Past Five Years and Other
Affiliations
Number
of Portfolios in the Fund Complex
Overseen
by Trustee
Other
Directorships Held by Trustee
“Independent”
Trustees:
Charles
H. Millera
(Born
1947)
Trustee
Since
November 2007
Executive
Vice President, Client Management and Development, Access Data
Corporation, a provider of technology and services to asset management
firms (1997-present).
4
None.
Ashley
Toomey Rabun
a (born 1952)
Trustee
and Chairperson of the Board
Since
November 2007
President
and Founder, InvestorReach, Inc. a financial services consulting firm
(1996-present).
4
None.
William
H. Young a
(born 1950)
Trustee
Since
November 2007
Independent
financial services consultant (1996-present); Consultant-Interim CEO,
Unified Fund Services, Inc., a mutual fund service provider (2003-2006);
Ex-officio Board Member of the National Investment Company Service
Association and past President and Chairman (1995-1997); Senior Vice
President, Oppenheimer Management Company (1983-1996).
4
None.
18
Interested
Trustees:
John
P. Zader a
†
(born
1961)
Trustee
and President
Since
November 2007 as Trustee and December 2007 as
President
CEO,
UMB Fund Services, Inc., a mutual and hedge fund service provider, and the
transfer agent, fund accountant, and co-administrator for the Fund, and
affiliate of the Fund’s distributor and custodian (2006-present);
Consultant to Jefferson Wells International (2006); Senior Vice President
and Chief Financial Officer, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, a mutual and
hedge fund service provider (1988-2006).
4
None.
Eric
M. Banhazlb†
(born
1957)
Trustee
and Vice President
Since
January 2008 as Trustee and December 2007 as Vice
President
President,
Mutual Fund Administration Corp. (2006 – present); Senior Vice President,
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, a mutual and hedge fund service provider
(2001 - 2006).
4
None.
Officers
of the Trust
Rita
Damb
(born
1966)
Treasurer
and Assistant Secretary
Since
December 2007
Vice
President, Mutual Fund Administration Corp. (2006 – present); Vice
President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, a mutual and hedge fund
service provider (2001 - 2006).
N/A
N/A
Joy
Ausilib
(born
1966)
Secretary
and Assistant Treasurer
Since
December 2007
Vice
President, Mutual Fund Administration Corp. (2006 – present); Vice
President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, a mutual and hedge fund
service provider (2001 - 2006).
N/A
N/A
Terrance
P. Gallagher, CPA, JD
a
(born
1958)
Vice
President
Since
December 2007
Executive
Vice President, UMB Fund Services, Inc. (2007 – present); Director of
Compliance, Unified Fund Services Inc. (2004 – 2007); Partner, The Academy
of Financial Services Studies and Precision Marketing Partners (1998 -
2004); Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of AAL
Capital Management and The AAL Mutual Funds (1987 -
1998).
N/A
N/A
Christine
P. Ritch, JDb
(born
1961)
Chief
Compliance Officer
Since
March 2008
Of
Counsel, Cipperman & Company (2007 – present); Principal, Christine P.
Ritch, Esquire (2006 – present); Senior Counsel, PFPC Inc. (1999 –
2005).
N/A
N/A
a
Address
for certain Trustees and certain officers: 803 West Michigan Street,
Milwaukee, WI53233-2301.
b
Address
for Mr. Banhazl, Ms. Ausili and Ms. Dam: 2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226,
Glendora, CA91740. Address for Ms. Ritch: 40 Boyden
Road, Wrentham, MA02093.
c
Trustees
and officers serve until their successors have been duly elected.
.
†
Mr.
Zader is an “interested person” of the Trust by virtue of his position
with the Funds’ distributor, Grand Distribution Services, LLC, and its
affiliates, UMB Fund Services, Inc., the transfer agent, fund accountant
and co-administrator of the Funds, and the Funds’ custodian, UMB Bank,
n.a. Mr. Banhazl is deemed to be an “interested person” of the
Trust by virtue of his position with Mutual Fund Administration Corp., the
Funds’ co-administrator.
19
Compensation
Each
“Independent” Trustee receives $5,000 from the Trust for each meeting attended
(except that the Chairperson receives $6,000 for each meeting attended) and
$1,000 from the Trust for each telephonic meeting attended in the discretion of
the Chairperson. The Audit Committee chairman receives an additional
$500 for each Audit Committee meeting attended. The Trust has no
pension or retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the Trust
pays any compensation to the Trustees.
Name
of Person/Position
Aggregate
Compensation
From
the Funds1
Pension
or
Retirement
Benefits
Accrued
as Part of
Funds’
Expenses
Estimated
Annual
Benefits
Upon
Retirement
Total
Compensation
from
Trust Paid to Trustees1
Independent
Trustees
Charles
H. Miller, Trustee
$1,847
None
None
$20,000
Ashley
Toomey Rabun, Trustee and Chairperson
$2,216
None
None
$24,000
William
H. Young, Trustee and Audit Committee Chair
The Board
of Trustees has three standing committees: the Audit Committee, Nominating and
Governance Committee, and Valuation Committee.
The
function of the Audit Committee, with respect to each series of the Trust, is to
review the scope and results of the audit and any matters bearing on the audit
or the Funds’ financial statements and to assist the Board’s oversight of the
integrity of the Funds’ pricing and financial reporting. The Audit Committee is
comprised of all of the Independent Trustees. It does not include any
Interested Trustees. The Audit Committee typically meets at least
twice per year with respect to the Funds. During the fiscal year
ended November 30, 2008, the Audit Committee met twice with respect to the
Funds.
The Audit Committee also serves as the
Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (“QLCC”) for the Trust for the purpose of
compliance with Rules 205.2(k) and 205.3(c) of the Code of Federal
Regulations, regarding alternative reporting procedures for attorneys retained
or employed by an issuer who appear and practice before the SEC on behalf of the
issuer. The QLCC meets as
needed. During
the fiscal year ended November 30, 2008, the QLCC did not meet with respect to the Funds.
The
Nominating and Governance Committee (the “Nominating Committee”) is responsible
for seeking and reviewing candidates for consideration as nominees for Trustees
as is considered necessary from time to time and meets at least
annually. The Nominating Committee will consider nominees properly
recommended by the Funds’ shareholders. Shareholders who wish to
recommend a nominee should send nominations that include, among other things,
biographical data and the qualifications of the proposed nominee to the Trust’s
Secretary. The Independent Trustees comprise the Nominating
Committee. During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2008, the
Nominating Committee met twice.
20
The
function of the Valuation Committee is to value securities held by any series of
the Trust for which current and reliable market quotations are not readily
available. Such securities are valued at their respective fair values
as determined in good faith by the Valuation Committee and the actions of the
Valuation Committee are subsequently reviewed by the Board. The Valuation
Committee meets as needed. The Valuation Committee is comprised of all the
Trustees. During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2008, the
Valuation Committee met twice with respect to the Funds.
Fund Shares Beneficially Owned by
Trustees. As of the date of this SAI, no Trustees, including
the Independent Trustees, beneficially owned shares of the
Funds.
Name
of Trustee
Dollar
Range of Equity
Securities
in the Funds
(None,
$1-$10,000, $10,001-$50,000, $50,001-$100,000, Over
$100,000)
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Registered Investment Companies
Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment
Companies
Charles
H. Miller, Independent Trustee
None
None
Ashley
Toomey Rabun, Independent Trustee
None
None
William
H. Young, Independent Trustee
None
None
John
P. Zader, Interested Trustee
None
None
Eric
M. Banhazl, Interested Trustee
None
None
CONTROL
PERSONS, PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS, AND MANAGEMENT OWNERSHIP
As of
March 17, 2009, the following shareholders are deemed to control the respective
Funds by virtue of owning more than 25% of the outstanding shares of such Funds.
These control relationships will continue to exist until such time as each of
the above-described share ownership represents 25% or less of the outstanding
shares of the indicated Fund. Through the exercise of voting rights with respect
to shares of the Fund, the controlling persons set forth below may be able to
determine the outcome of shareholder voting on matters to which approval of
shareholders is required.
As of
March 17, 2009, the following shareholders were known by the Funds to own of
record (with sole or shared voting or investment power) 5% or more of the
outstanding shares of any class of any of the Funds.
The
Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group did not own more than 1% of the
outstanding shares of the Fund. Furthermore, neither the Independent
Trustees, nor members of their immediate family, own securities beneficially or
of record in the Advisor, the Fund’s distributor, Grand Distribution Services,
LLC (the “Distributor”), or any affiliate of the Advisor or
Distributor.
Code of
Ethics
The
Trust, the Advisor and the Distributor have each adopted a code of ethics under
Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. Board members, officers of the Trust and
employees of the Advisor and Distributor are permitted to make personal
securities transactions, including transactions in securities that may be
purchased or held by the Funds, subject to requirements and restrictions set
forth in the applicable Code of Ethics. Each Code of Ethics contains provisions
and requirements designed to identify and address certain conflicts of interest
between personal investment activities and the interests of the Funds. Among
other things, the Advisor's Code of Ethics prohibits certain types of
transactions absent prior approval, imposes time periods during which personal
transactions may not be made in certain securities, and requires the submission
of duplicate broker confirmations and quarterly reporting of securities
transactions. Additional restrictions apply to portfolio managers, traders,
research analysts and others involved in the investment advisory process.
Exceptions to these and other provisions of the Codes of Ethics may be granted
in particular circumstances after review by appropriate
personnel.
Shareholder
Communications
Shareholders
may send communications to the Board of Trustees. Shareholders should send
communications intended for the Board by addressing the communications to the
Board, in care of the Secretary of the Trust and sending the communication to
2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226, Glendora, CA91740. A shareholder
communication must (i) be in writing and be signed by the shareholder, (ii)
provide contact information for the shareholder, (iii) identify the Fund to
which it relates, and (iv) identify the class and number of shares held by the
shareholder. The Secretary of the Trust may, in good faith, determine that a
shareholder communication should not be provided to the Board because it does
not reasonably relate to the Trust or its operations, management, activities,
policies, service providers, Board, officers, shareholders or other matters
relating to an investment in a Fund or is otherwise ministerial in nature. Other
shareholder communications received by the Funds not directly addressed and sent
to the Board will be reviewed and generally responded to by management, and will
be forwarded to the Board only at management's discretion based on the matters
contained therein.
22
INVESTMENT
ADVISORY AGREEMENT
Advisory
Agreement
The
Advisor, Zacks Investment Management, Inc., acts as the Funds’ investment
advisor pursuant to an advisory agreement (the "Advisory Agreement") for the
Funds. ZIM is a wholly owned subsidiary of Zacks Investment Research,
Inc. with principal offices at 100 N. Riverside Plaza, Ste. 2200, Chicago,
Illinois60606.
Under
the terms of the Advisory Agreement, ZIM manages the portfolios of the Funds in
accordance with their stated investment objectives and policies, makes
investment decisions for the Funds, places orders to purchase and sell
securities on behalf of the Funds and manages their other business and affairs,
all subject to the supervision and direction of the Board of
Trustees. For services rendered by ZIM under the Advisory Agreement,
the Zacks Market Neutral Fund pays ZIM a fee, payable monthly, in an annual
amount equal to 1.10% of the Fund's average daily net assets and the Zacks
Multi-Cap Opportunities Fund pays ZIM a fee, payable monthly, in an amount equal
to 0.90% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.
ZIM
has contractually agreed to waive its fees and, if necessary, to reimburse other
operating expenses in order to limit total annual operating expenses (excluding
taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend expenses on short
sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with Form
N-1A), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, or
extraordinary expenses such as litigation) of each Fund
to 1.65% and 2.40% of the average daily net assets for Class A Shares and Class
C Shares, respectively. This agreement will remain in effect until
March 31, 2012. Any reduction in advisory fees or payment of expenses
made by the Advisor may be reimbursed by a Fund if the Advisor so
requests. Such reimbursement may be requested from a Fund by the
Advisor in the event that the total annual fund operating expenses are less than
the contractual limit. The Advisor may seek reimbursement in an
amount up to the difference between the contractual limit and the total annual
fund operating expenses, but in no case will the reimbursement amount exceed the
total amount of fees waived or expenses paid by the Advisor and will not include
any amounts previously reimbursed. No reimbursement will cause the
total annual fund operating expenses paid by a Fund to exceed the contractual
limit of the Fund in place at the time the Advisor waived fees or paid Fund
expenses, and such reimbursement may not be paid prior to the Fund’s payment of
current operating expenses. The Advisor may seek reimbursement for
fees waived or expenses paid for a period of three years from the date the fees
were waived or expenses were paid.
The Advisory Agreement
dated December 1, 2007 and amended June 26, 2008 for the Funds will remain in
effect for an initial two year period ending December 1, 2009 for the Zacks
Multi-Cap Opportunties Fund and ending June 26, 2010 for the Zacks Market
Neutral Fund. The Advisory Agreement will continue from year
to year thereafter if approved annually (i) by the Board of Trustees or by the
holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of each Fund and (ii)
by a majority of the Trustees who are not "interested persons" of any party to
the Advisory Agreement, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the
purpose of voting on such approval.
The Advisory Agreement
provides that in the absence of a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the
receipt of compensation for services or willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross
negligence on the part of ZIM in the performance of its duties and obligations,
ZIM is not liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss
suffered by the Funds. The Advisory Agreement is terminable
without penalty by the Trust on behalf of a Fund on 60 days’ written notice
when authorized either by a majority vote of a Fund’s shareholders or by vote of
a majority of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, or by
ZIM on 60 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the
event of its “assignment” (as defined in the
1940 Act).
23
For
the year ended November 30, 2008, the Funds paid the following management fees
to the Advisor:
Management
Fees
Accrued
by Advisor
Management
Fees Waived
Net
Management Fee Paid to Advisor
Zacks
Market Neutral Fund *
$
266,491
$
17,000
$
249,491
Zacks
Multi-Cap Opportunities Fund
135,630
73,881
61,749
*The
Zacks Market Neutral Fund commenced operations on July 24,2008.
Co-Administration
Agreement
UMB
Fund Services, Inc. (“UMBFS”) and Mutual Fund Administration Corporation
(“MFAC”) serve as co-administrators (“Co-Administrators”) for the Funds pursuant
to a Co-Administration Agreement. The Co-Administrators provide
certain administrative services to the Funds, including, among other
responsibilities, coordinating the negotiation of contracts and fees with, and
the monitoring of performance and billing of, the Funds’ independent contractors
and agents; preparation for signature by an officer of the Trust of all
documents required to be filed for compliance with applicable laws and
regulations including those of the securities laws of various states; arranging
for the computation of performance data, including NAVs and yield; arranging for
the maintenance of books and records of the Funds; and providing, at their own
expense, office facilities, equipment and personnel necessary to carry out their
duties. In this capacity, the Co-Administrators do not have any
responsibility or authority for the management of the Funds, the determination
of investment policy, or for any matter pertaining to the distribution of Fund
shares.
For
the year ended November 30, 2008, the Funds paid to the Co-Administrators the
following administration fees:
Co-Administration
Fees
2008
Zacks
Market Neutral Fund*
$
9,435
Zacks
Multi-Cap Opportunities Fund
$
19,627
*The
Zacks Market Neutral Fund commenced operations on July 24,2008.
UMBFS
also acts as the Funds’ fund accountant, transfer agent and dividend disbursing
agent pursuant to separate agreements.
Portfolio
Management
Benjamin
L. Zacks and Mitch E. Zacks serve as the portfolio co-managers for the
Funds.
Other
Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers. The portfolio managers manage
other accounts. Information on these other accounts is as follows.
Benjamin
Zacks and Mitch Zacks are compensated by ZIM. Each receives a fixed
base salary plus an annual bonus based on the Advisor’s overall profitability,
not the profitability of a single fund or strategy.
Potential Conflicts of
Interest
Actual or
apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day
management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or other account.
More specifically, portfolio managers who manage multiple funds and/or other
accounts may be presented with one or more of the following potential
conflicts.
The
management of multiple funds and/or other accounts may result in a portfolio
manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each fund
and/or other account. Most other accounts managed by a portfolio manager are
managed using the same investment models that are used in connection with the
management of the Funds. ZIM has adopted a policy to provide for fair and
equitable treatment of all client accounts, and periodically reviews such
policy.
The
Advisor manages another mutual fund and separate accounts on a long-short
basis. The simultaneous management of long and short portfolios
creates potential conflicts of interest including the risk that short sale
activity could adversely affect the market value of the long positions (and vice
versa), the risk arising from sequential orders in long and short positions, and
the risks associated with receiving opposing orders at the same
time.
If a
portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity which may be
suitable for more than one fund or other account, a Fund may not be able to take
full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of filled purchase or
sale orders across all eligible funds and other accounts. To deal with these
situations, the Advisor has adopted procedures for allocating portfolio
transactions across multiple accounts.
25
The
Advisor determines which broker to use to execute each order, consistent with
its duty to seek best execution of the transaction. However, with respect to
certain other accounts (such as mutual funds for which the Advisor acts as
advisor, other pooled investment vehicles that are not registered mutual funds,
and other accounts managed for organizations and individuals), the Advisor may
be limited by the client with respect to the selection of brokers or may be
instructed to direct trades through a particular broker. In these cases, trades
for a Fund in a particular security may be placed separately from, rather than
aggregated with, such other accounts. Having separate transactions with respect
to a security may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the
execution of the transaction, or both, to the possible detriment of the Funds or
other account(s) involved.
The
Advisor has adopted certain compliance procedures which are designed to address
these types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures
will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises.
Ownership of the Funds by
Portfolio Managers
Benjamin
Zacks and Mitch Zacks do not own any shares of the Funds.
DISTRIBUTION
AND SERVICE
The
Trust has entered into a Distribution Agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”)
with the Distributor, Grand Distribution Services, LLC, 803 West Michigan
Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin53233, pursuant to which the Distributor acts as
the Funds’ distributor, provides certain administrative services and arranges
for the sale of the Funds’ shares. The offering of the Funds’ shares
is continuous. The Distributor, UMBFS and UMB Bank, n.a. (the
“Custodian”) are affiliated companies. The Distributor is a
registered broker-dealer and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory
Authority (“FINRA”).
The
Distribution Agreement has an initial term of two years ending December 3, 2009
and will continue in effect with respect to the Funds only if such continuance
is specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority
of the Funds’ outstanding voting securities and, in either case, by a majority
of the Trustees who are not parties to the Distribution Agreement or “interested
persons” of any such party. The Distribution Agreement is terminable
without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Funds on 30 days’ written
notice when authorized either by a majority vote of the Funds’ shareholders or
by vote of a majority of the Board or by the Distributor on 30 days’
written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its
“assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Distribution
Agreement was re-approved by the Board, and a majority of the Trustees who are
not parties to the Distribution Agreement or are interested persons of any such
party, at a meeting held on June 26, 2008 effective for a one year
period.
Rule 12b-1
Plan
The
Trust has adopted a plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the "Rule
12b-1 Plan") that provides for fees payable to the Advisor or Distributor as an
expense of Class A shares and Class C shares of the Funds that are used by the
Distributor to pay for distribution and shareholder services for those
classes. The Rule 12b-1 Plan provides alternative methods for paying
sales charges and may help the fund grow or maintain asset levels to provide
operational efficiencies and economies of scale. The Rule 12b-1 Plan also
provides for post-sales servicing to shareholders. Because 12b-1 fees are paid
out of Fund assets on an ongoing basis, they will, over time, increase the cost
of an investment and may cost more than other types of sales charges. The Rule
12b-1 Plan is a compensation plan, which means that the Advisor or Distributor
is compensated regardless of its expenses, as opposed to a reimbursement plan
which reimburses only for expenses incurred.
26
The
Rule 12b-1 Plan may not be amended to materially increase the amount to be paid
by each Fund for distribution services or shareholder services with respect to
any share class without the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting
securities of that class. The Rule 12b-1 Plan shall continue in effect
indefinitely for each share class, provided that such continuance is approved at
least annually by a vote of a majority of the Trustees, including the
Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for such purpose or by
vote of at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such class.
The Rule 12b-1 Plan may be terminated at any time with respect to any share
class without penalty by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by
vote of the majority of the outstanding voting securities of that
class.
If the
Rule 12b-1 Plan is terminated for a Fund in accordance with its terms, the
obligation of the Fund to make payments to the Advisor or Distributor pursuant
to the Rule 12b-1 Plan will cease and the Fund will not be required to make any
payments past the termination date. Thus, there is no legal obligation for a
Fund to pay any expenses incurred by the Advisor or Distributor other than fees
already payable under the Rule 12b-1 Plan, if the Rule 12b-1 Plan is terminated
in accordance with its terms for any reason.
Class C
Shares
Distribution
Services. The Advisor or the Distributor receives fees from each Fund
under the Rule 12b-1 Plan, payable quarterly, at the annual rate of 0.75% of
average daily net assets of the Fund attributable to Class C shares. This fee is
accrued daily as an expense of Class C shares. The Advisor currently advances to
firms the distribution fee for Class C shares held one year or less at an annual
rate of 0.75% of the purchase price of Class C shares. For Class C shares held
for longer than one year, the Distributor currently pays firms for sales of
Class C shares a distribution fee, payable quarterly, at an annual rate of 0.75%
of net assets attributable to Class C shares maintained and serviced by the
firm. This fee continues until terminated by the Distributor or the Funds. The
Advisor or Distributor also receives any contingent deferred sales charges paid
with respect to Class C shares.
The
Zacks Market Neutral Fund paid distribution fees of $9,251 and the Zacks
Multi-Cap Opportunities Fund paid distribution fees of $12,253 for the fiscal
year ended November 30, 2008.
Class A and Class C
Shares
Shareholder
Services. For their services under a services agreement, the
Distributor or the Advisor receive a shareholder services fee from each Fund
under the Rule 12b-1 Plan, payable quarterly, at an annual rate of up to 0.25%
of the average daily net assets of the Funds attributable to (i) Class A shares
and (ii) Class C shares held for longer than one year. The Advisor
receives a shareholder service fee from each Fund under the Rule 12b-1 Plan,
payable quarterly, at an annual rate up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets
of the Funds attributable to Class C shares held one year or
less.
With
respect to Class A shares of the Funds, the Distributor pays each firm that it
appoints pursuant to its services agreement a service fee, payable quarterly, at
an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the net assets in each Fund’s account that the
firm maintains and services attributable to Class A shares, commencing with the
month after investment. With respect to Class C shares of the Funds held for one
year or less, the Advisor currently advances to firms the first-year service fee
at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the purchase price of such shares. For Class
C shares held longer than one year, the Distributor currently intends to pay
firms a service fee, payable quarterly, at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the
net assets in Fund accounts that the firm maintains and services attributable to
Class C shares.
27
The
Distributor also may provide some of the above services and may retain any
portion of the fee under its services agreement not paid to firms as
compensation to itself for shareholder or administrative functions performed for
the Funds.
The
Zacks Market Neutral Fund paid shareholder services fees of $60,565 and the
Zacks Multi-Cap Opportunities Fund paid shareholder services fees of $37,691 for
the fiscal year ended November 30, 2008.
Dealer
Reallowances
Each
Fund’s shares are subject to a sales charge that includes a dealer reallowance,
which varies depending on how much the shareholder invests. The Distributor pays
the appropriate dealer reallowance to dealers who have entered into an agreement
with the Distributor to sell shares of the Funds. More detailed information on
the sales charge and its application is contained in the
Prospectus.
Additional
Marketing and Support Payments
The
Advisor, out of its own resources and without additional cost to the Funds or
their shareholders, may provide additional cash payments or other compensation
to certain financial intermediaries who sell shares of the Funds. These payments
are in addition to other fees described in the Funds’ Prospectus and this SAI,
and are generally provided for shareholder services or marketing
support. Payments for marketing support are typically for inclusion
of the Funds on sales lists, including an electronic sales
platforms. Investors may wish to take these payments into account
when considering and evaluating recommendations to purchase shares of the
Funds.
PORTFOLIO
TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE ALLOCATION
The
Advisor is responsible for placing purchase and sale orders and the allocation
of brokerage on behalf of the Funds. Transactions in equity
securities are in most cases effected on U.S. stock exchanges and involve the
payment of brokerage commissions. In general, there may be no stated commission
in the case of securities traded in over-the-counter markets, but the prices of
those securities may include undisclosed commissions or mark-ups. Principal
transactions are not entered into with affiliates of the Funds. The Funds have
no obligations to deal with any broker or group of brokers in executing
transactions in portfolio securities. In executing transactions, the Advisor
seeks to obtain the best price and execution for the Funds, taking into account
such factors as price, size of order, difficulty of execution and operational
facilities of the firm involved and the firm's risk in positioning a block of
securities. While the Advisor generally seeks reasonably competitive commission
rates, the Funds do not necessarily pay the lowest commission
available.
Subject
to obtaining the best price and execution, brokers who provide supplemental
research, market and statistical information to the Advisor may receive orders
for transactions by the Funds. The term "research, market and statistical
information" includes advice as to the value of securities, and advisability of
investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of
securities or purchasers or sellers of securities, and furnishing analyses and
reports concerning issues, industries, securities, economic factors and trends,
portfolio strategy and the performance of accounts. Information so received will
be in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by
the Advisor under the Advisory Agreement, and the expenses of the Advisor will
not necessarily be reduced as a result of the receipt of such supplemental
information. Such information may be useful to the Advisor in providing services
to clients other than the Funds, and not all such information is used by the
Advisor in connection with the Funds. Conversely, such information
provided to the Advisor by brokers and dealers through whom other clients of the
Advisor effect securities transactions may be useful to the Advisor in providing
services to the Funds.
28
Although
investment decisions for the Funds are made independently from those of the
other accounts managed by the Advisor, investments of the kind made by the Funds
may also be made by those other accounts. When the same securities are purchased
for or sold by the Funds and any of such other accounts, it is the policy of the
Advisor to allocate such purchases and sales in the manner deemed fair and
equitable to all of the accounts, including the Funds.
The
Advisor may place portfolio transactions for the Funds with brokerage firms
participating in the distribution of the Funds’ shares if it reasonably believes
that the quality of execution and the commission are comparable to those
available from other qualified firms. The Advisor does not consider sales of
Fund shares as a factor in the selection of broker-dealers to execute portfolio
transactions for the Funds and, accordingly, the Trust has implemented policies
and procedures reasonably designed to prevent sales of Fund shares from being
considered as a factor in the selection of broker-dealers to execute portfolio
transactions for the Funds. To the extent permitted by law and subject to the
same considerations on quality of execution and comparable commission rates, the
Advisor may direct an executing broker to pay a portion or all of any
commissions, concessions or discounts to a firm supplying research or other
services.
The
Advisor may place portfolio transactions at or about the same time for other
advisory accounts, including other investment companies. The Advisor seeks to
allocate portfolio transactions equitably whenever concurrent decisions are made
to purchase or sell securities for the Funds and another advisory account. In
some cases, this procedure could have an adverse effect on the price or the
amount of securities available to the Funds. In making such allocations among
the Funds and other advisory accounts, the main factors considered by the
Advisor are the respective sizes of the Funds and other advisory accounts, the
respective investment objectives, the relative size of portfolio holdings of the
same or comparable securities, the availability of cash for investment, the size
of investment commitments generally held and opinions of the persons responsible
for recommending the investment.
The
Advisor manages another mutual fund and separate accounts, some of which use
short sales of securities as a part of its investment strategy. The
simultaneous management of long and short portfolios creates potential conflicts
of interest including the risk that short sale activity could adversely affect
the market value of the long position (and vice versa), the risk arising from
sequential orders in long and short positions, and the risks associated with
receiving opposing orders at the same time.
For
the year ended November 30, 2008, the Funds paid the following brokerage
commissions:
Broker
Commissions
2008
Zacks
Market Neutral Fund*
$
122,737
Zacks
Multi-Cap Opportunities Fund
$
14,504
*The
Zacks Market Neutral Fund commenced operations on July 24,2008.
29
SHAREHOLDER
SERVICES
The
Funds offer a number of shareholder services designed to facilitate investment
in Fund shares at little or no extra cost to the investor. Below is a
description of such services. The following information supplements the section
in the Funds’ Prospectus captioned "Shareholder Services and
Policies."
Investment
Account
Each
shareholder has an investment account under which the shareholder's shares of
the Funds are held by UMBFS. UMBFS performs bookkeeping, data processing and
administrative services related to the maintenance of shareholder accounts.
Except as described in the Prospectus and this SAI, after each share transaction
in an account, the shareholder receives a statement showing the activity in the
account. Each shareholder who has an account in a Fund will receive statements
quarterly from UMBFS showing any reinvestments of dividends and capital gain
dividends and any other activity in the account since the preceding statement.
Such shareholders also will receive separate confirmations for each purchase or
sale transaction other than reinvestment of dividends and capital gain dividends
and systematic purchases or redemptions. Additional shares may be purchased at
any time through authorized dealers or by mailing a check and detailed
instructions directly to UMBFS.
Share
Certificates
The
Funds do not issue share certificates.
Retirement
Plans
Eligible
investors may establish individual retirement accounts ("IRAs"); Simplified
Employee Pension plans; or other pension or profit sharing plans. Documents and
forms containing detailed information regarding these plans are available from
the Distributor.
Automated Clearing House
("ACH") Deposits
Shareholders
can use ACH to have redemption proceeds up to $100,000 deposited electronically
into their bank accounts. Redemption proceeds transferred to a bank account via
the ACH plan are available to be credited to the account on the second business
day following normal payment. To utilize this option, the shareholder's bank
must be a member of ACH. In addition, the shareholder must fill out the
appropriate section of the account application form. The shareholder must also
include a voided check or deposit slip from the bank account into which
redemption proceeds are to be deposited together with the completed
application. Once the shareholder service agent has received the
application and the voided check or deposit slip, such shareholder's designated
bank account, following any redemption, will be credited with the proceeds of
such redemption. Once enrolled in the ACH plan, a shareholder may terminate
participation at any time by writing UMBFS or by calling (888)
453-4003.
Systematic Withdrawal
Plan
A
shareholder may establish a monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual withdrawal
plan if the shareholder owns shares in a single account valued at $10,000 or
more at the next determined NAV at the time the plan is established. This plan
provides for the orderly use of the entire account, not only the income but also
the capital, if necessary. The plan holder may arrange for periodic checks or
for payment to be deposited directly into their bank account in any amount not
less than $25. Such a systematic withdrawal plan may also be maintained by an
investor purchasing shares for a retirement plan and may be established on a
form made available by the Funds. See "Shareholder Services--Retirement
Plans."
30
Under
the plan, sufficient shares of a Fund are redeemed to provide the amount of the
periodic withdrawal payment. Dividends and capital gain distributions should be
reinvested in accounts with a systematic withdrawal plan. Reinvestment will
occur at the next determined NAV. If periodic withdrawals
continuously exceed reinvested dividends and capital gain dividends, the
shareholder's original investment will be correspondingly reduced and ultimately
exhausted. Redemptions made concurrently with the purchase of additional shares
ordinarily will be disadvantageous to the shareholder because of the duplication
of sales charges. Gain or loss may be realized by the shareholder for federal
income tax purposes upon redemption of shares. See "Federal Income Taxation."
Each Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the systematic withdrawal
program upon 30 days’ notice to its shareholders.
REDEMPTION
OF SHARES
Redemptions
are not made on days during which the New York Stock Exchange (the "Exchange")
is closed. The right of redemption may be suspended and the payment therefore
may be postponed for more than seven days during any period when (a) the
Exchange is closed for other than customary weekends or holidays; (b) the SEC
determines trading on the Exchange is restricted; (c) the SEC determines an
emergency exists as a result of which disposal by a Fund of securities owned by
it is not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the
Fund to fairly determine the value of its net assets; or (d) the SEC, by order,
so permits.
In
addition, if the Board of Trustees determines that payment wholly or partly in
cash would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders of
a Fund, the Fund may pay the redemption proceeds in whole or in part by a
distribution-in-kind of portfolio securities held by the Fund in lieu of cash in
conformity with applicable rules of the SEC. A distribution-in-kind may result
in recognition by the shareholder of a gain or loss for federal income tax
purposes when such securities are distributed to the same extent that a cash
distribution would result in gain or loss, and the shareholder may have
brokerage costs and a gain or loss for federal income tax purposes upon the
shareholder's disposition of such securities.
Waiver of Contingent
Deferred Sales Charge
As
described in the Funds’ Prospectus under "Redemption of Shares," redemptions of
Class C Shares will be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge ("Class C
CDSC"). The Class C CDSC is waived on redemptions of Class C Shares in the
circumstances described below.
Redemption Upon Death or
Disability
The
Funds will waive the Class C CDSC on redemptions following the death or
disability of a Class C shareholder. An individual will be considered disabled
for this purpose if he or she meets the definition thereof in Section 72(m)(7)
of the Internal Revenue Code, which in pertinent part defines a person as
disabled if such person "is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity
by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can
be expected to result in death or to be of long-continued and indefinite
duration." While the Funds do not specifically adopt the balance of the Internal
Revenue Code's definition which pertains to furnishing the Secretary of Treasury
with such proof as he or she may require, the Distributor will require
satisfactory proof of death or disability before it determines to waive the
Class C CDSC.
In cases
of death or disability, the Class C CDSC will be waived where the decedent or
disabled person is either an individual shareholder or owns the shares as a
joint tenant with right of survivorship or is the beneficial owner of a
custodial or fiduciary account, and where the redemption is made within one year
of the death or initial determination of disability. This waiver of the Class C
CDSC applies to a total or partial redemption, but only to redemptions of shares
held at the time of the death or initial determination of
disability.
31
Redemption in Connection
with Certain Distributions from Retirement Plans
The
Funds will waive the Class C CDSC when a total or partial redemption is made in
connection with certain distributions from retirement plans. The Class C CDSC
will be waived upon the tax-free rollover or transfer of assets to another
retirement plan invested in one or more participating funds. In such
event, as described below, a Fund will "tack" the period for which the original
shares were held onto the holding period of the shares acquired in the transfer
or rollover for purposes of determining what, if any, Class C CDSC is applicable
in the event that such acquired shares are redeemed following the transfer or
rollover. The Class C CDSC also will be waived on any redemption which results
from the return of an excess contribution or other contribution pursuant to
Internal Revenue Code Section 408(d)(4) or (5), the return of excess
contributions or excess deferral amounts pursuant to Code Section 401(k)(8) or
402(g)(2), the financial hardship of the employee pursuant to U.S. Treasury
regulation Section 1.401(k)-1(d)(3) or the death or disability of the employee
(see Code Sections 72(m)(7) and 72(t)(2)(A)(iii)). In addition, the charge will
be waived on any minimum distribution required to be distributed in accordance
with Code Section 401(a)(9).
The
Funds do not intend to waive the Class C CDSC for any distributions from IRAs or
other retirement plans not specifically described above.
Redemption Pursuant to the
Funds’ Systematic Withdrawal Plan
The
amount of the shareholder's investment in a Fund at the time the election to
participate in the systematic withdrawal plan is made with respect to the Fund
is hereinafter referred to as the "initial account balance." The amount to be
systematically redeemed from Class C Shares of a Fund is a maximum of 12% of the
net asset value of the account on the date of the withdrawal. No Class C CDSC
will be imposed on the systematic withdrawal plan redemptions.
No Initial Commission or
Transaction Fee
The
Funds will waive the Class C CDSC in circumstances under which no commission or
transaction fee is paid to authorized dealers at the time of purchase of
shares.
Involuntary
Redemptions Of Shares
The
Funds reserve the right to redeem shareholder accounts with balances of less
than a specified dollar amount as set forth in the Prospectus. Prior
to such redemptions, shareholders will be notified in writing and allowed a
specified period of time to purchase additional shares to bring the value of the
account up to the required minimum balance. The Funds will waive the Class C
CDSC upon such involuntary redemption.
FEDERAL
INCOME TAX MATTERS
Each
series of the Trust is treated as a separate entity for federal income tax
purposes. Each Fund, as a series of the Trust, qualifies and has
elected to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M
of the Code, provided it complies with all applicable requirements under the
Code, including, among other things, the source of its income, diversification
of its assets and timing of distributions. Each Fund’s policy is to
distribute to its shareholders all investment company taxable income (determined
without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and any net realized
long-term capital gains for each fiscal year in a manner that complies with the
distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be subject to
any federal income or excise taxes. In order to avoid liability for
the federal excise tax, each Fund must distribute (or be deemed to have
distributed) by December 31 of each calendar year (i) at least 98% of
its ordinary income for such year, (ii) at least 98% of the excess of its
realized capital gains over its realized capital losses for the 12-month period
ending on October 31 during such year and (iii) any amounts from the
prior calendar year that were not distributed and on which a Fund paid no
federal income tax.
32
Shareholders
will be subject to federal income taxes on distributions made by the Funds
whether received in cash or additional shares. Distributions of net
investment income (including interest, dividend income and net short-term
capital gain in excess of any net long-term capital loss, less certain
expenses), other than qualified dividend income, will be taxable to shareholders
as ordinary income. For taxable years beginning on or before December31, 2010, distributions of qualified dividend income, as such term is defined in
Section 1(h)(11) of the Code (generally dividends received from U.S. domestic
corporations and qualified foreign corporations), generally will be taxed to
non-corporate shareholders at the federal income tax rates applicable to net
capital gain, provided the Fund designates the amount distributed as qualified
dividend income and certain holding period and other requirements are
satisfied. Distributions of net capital gain (the excess of net
long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), if any, will be
taxable to non-corporate shareholders at a maximum federal income tax rate of
15% without regard to how long a shareholder has held shares of a
Fund. Unless extended by future legislation, the 15% federal income
tax rate on net capital gain will expire for taxable years beginning after
December 31, 2010 and will be replaced by a maximum federal income tax rate on
net capital gains of 20%. Corporate shareholders are taxed on net
capital gain at the same federal income tax rates applicable to ordinary
income. Dividends paid by a Fund may qualify in part for the 70%
dividends received deduction available to corporate shareholders, provided the
Fund designates the amount distributed as a qualifying dividend and certain
holding period and other requirements under the Code are
satisfied. The designated amount, however, cannot exceed the
aggregate amount of qualifying dividends received by a Fund for its taxable
year. In view of the Funds’ investment policies, it is expected that
dividends from domestic corporations will be part of each Fund’s gross income
and that, accordingly, a portion of the distributions by a Fund will be eligible
for treatment as qualified dividend income or the dividends received
deduction. However, the portion of a Fund’s gross income attributable
to qualified dividend income and qualifying dividends is largely dependent on a
Fund’s investment activities for a particular year and, therefore, cannot be
predicted with any certainty. Qualified dividend income treatment and
the dividends received deduction may be reduced or eliminated if, among other
things, (i) the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short
sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in
substantially similar or related property or (ii) certain holding period
requirements are not satisfied at both the Fund and shareholder
levels. In addition, qualified dividend income treatment is not
available if a shareholder elects to have the dividend income treated as
investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment
interest.
Shareholders
who choose to receive distributions in the form of additional shares will have a
cost basis for federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to
the NAV of a share on the reinvestment date. Distributions are
generally taxable when received. However, distributions declared in
October, November or December to shareholders of record on a date in such a
month and paid the following January are taxable for federal income tax purposes
as if received on December 31 of the calendar year in which
declared. Distributions are includable in alternative minimum taxable
income in computing a shareholder's liability for the federal alternative
minimum tax.
A
redemption of Fund shares may result in recognition of a taxable gain or loss.
The gain or loss will generally be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss
if the shares were held for more than one year. If the shares were
held for one year or less, the gain or loss will generally be treated as a
short-term capital gain or loss. Short-term capital gain is taxable
at ordinary federal income tax rates. Any loss realized upon a
redemption or exchange of shares held for six months or less will be treated as
a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions
of long-term capital gains during such six-month period. Any loss
realized upon a redemption may be disallowed under certain wash sale rules to
the extent shares of the same Fund or other substantially identical stock or
security are purchased (through reinvestment of distributions or otherwise)
within 30 days before or after the redemption.
33
A
Fund’s transactions in options and other similar transactions may be subject to
special provisions of the Code that, among other things, affect the character of
any income realized by a Fund from such investments, accelerate recognition of
income to the Fund, defer Fund losses, affect the holding period of the Fund’s
securities, affect whether distributions will be eligible for the dividends
received deduction or be treated a qualified dividend income and affect the
determination of whether capital gain and loss is characterized as long-term or
short-term capital gain or loss. These rules could therefore affect
the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These
provisions may also require a Fund to “mark-to-market” certain types of the
positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out), which
may cause the Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to make
distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for
avoiding U.S. federal income and excise taxes. The Funds will monitor
these transactions and will make the appropriate entries in their books and
records, and if the Funds deem it advisable, will make appropriate elections in
order to mitigate the effect of these rules, prevent disqualification of the
Funds as regulated investment companies and minimize the imposition of U.S.
federal income and excise taxes.
A
Fund’s transactions in broad based equity index futures contracts, exchange
traded options on such indices and certain other futures contracts are generally
considered “Section 1256 contracts” for federal income tax
purposes. Any unrealized gains or losses on such Section 1256
contracts are treated as though they were realized at the end of each taxable
year. The resulting gain or loss is treated as sixty percent
long-term capital gain or loss and forty percent short-term capital gain or
loss. Gain or loss recognized on actual sales of Section 1256
contracts is treated in the same manner. As noted above,
distributions of net short-term capital gain are taxable to shareholders as
ordinary income while distributions of net long-term capital gain are taxable to
shareholders as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long the shareholder
has held shares of a Fund.
A
Fund’s entry into a short sale transaction, an option or certain other contracts
could be treated as the constructive sale of an appreciated financial position,
causing the Fund to realize gain, but not loss, on the
position.
If a
Fund invests in certain pay-in-kind securities, zero coupon securities, deferred
interest securities or, in general, any other securities with original issue
discount (or with market discount if the Fund elects to include market discount
in income currently), the Fund must accrue income on such investments for each
taxable year, which generally will be prior to the receipt of the corresponding
cash payments.
However,
each Fund must distribute, at least annually, all or substantially all of its
investment company taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction
for dividends paid), including such accrued income to shareholders to avoid
federal income and excise taxes. Therefore, a Fund may have to
dispose of portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances to generate
cash, or may have to leverage itself by borrowing the cash, to satisfy these
distribution requirements.
The
Funds may acquire market discount bonds. A market discount bond is a
security acquired in the secondary market at a price below its redemption value
(or its adjusted issue price if it is also an original issue discount
bond). If a Fund invests in a market discount bond, it will be
required to treat any gain recognized on the disposition of such market discount
bond as ordinary income (instead of capital gain) to the extent of the accrued
market discount, unless the Fund elects to include the market discount in income
as it accrues as discussed above.
34
A Fund
may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries,
including taxes on interest, dividends and capital gains with respect to its
investments in those countries, which would, if imposed, reduce the yield on or
return from those investments. Tax treaties between certain countries
and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases. With
respect to a Fund so long as it (i) qualifies for treatment as a regulated
investment company, (ii) is liable for foreign income taxes, and (iii) more than
50% of its total assets at the close of its taxable year consist of stock or
securities of foreign corporations, it may elect to "pass through" to its
shareholders the amount of such foreign taxes paid. If this election
is made, information with respect to the amount of the foreign income taxes that
are allocated to a Fund's shareholders will be provided to them and any
shareholder subject to tax on dividends will be required (i) to include in
ordinary gross income (in addition to the amount of the taxable dividends
actually received) its proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid that are
attributable to such dividends, and (ii) either deduct its proportionate share
of foreign taxes in computing its taxable income or to claim that amount as a
foreign tax credit (subject to applicable limitations) against U.S. income
taxes. A Fund does not expect to satisfy the requirements for passing
through to its shareholders their pro rata share of qualified foreign taxes paid
by the Fund, with the result that shareholders will not be required to include
such taxes in their gross incomes and will not be entitled to a tax deduction or
credit for such taxes on their own federal income tax returns.
Under
the Code, the Funds will be required to report to the Internal Revenue Service
(“IRS”) all distributions of income and capital gains as well as gross proceeds
from the redemption of Fund shares, except in the case of exempt shareholders,
which includes most corporations. Pursuant to the backup withholding
provisions of the Code distributions of any taxable income and capital gains and
proceeds from the redemption of Fund shares may be subject to withholding of
federal income tax in the case of non-exempt shareholders who fail to furnish
the Funds with their taxpayer identification numbers or with required
certifications regarding their status under the federal income tax law or if the
IRS is notified the Fund that such withholding is required. If the
withholding provisions are applicable, any such distributions and proceeds,
whether taken in cash or reinvested in additional shares, will be reduced by the
amounts required to be withheld. Corporate and other exempt
shareholders should provide the Funds with their taxpayer identification numbers
or certify their exempt status in order to avoid possible erroneous application
of backup withholding. The Funds reserve the right to refuse to open
an account for any person failing to provide a certified taxpayer identification
number.
The
foregoing discussion of U.S. federal income tax law relates solely to the
application of that law to U.S. citizens or residents and U.S. domestic
corporations, partnerships, trusts and estates. Each shareholder who
is not a U.S. person should consider the U.S. and foreign tax consequences of
ownership of shares of the Funds, including the possibility that such a
shareholder may be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at a rate of
30 percent (or at a lower rate under an applicable income tax
treaty).
This
discussion and the related discussion in the Prospectus have been prepared by
management of the Funds, and counsel to the Trust has expressed no opinion in
respect thereof.
FUND
PERFORMANCE
From
time to time the Funds may advertise their total returns for prior periods. Any
such advertisement would include at least average annual total return quotations
for one year, five-year and ten-year periods (or life of the Fund, if shorter).
Other total return quotations, aggregate or average, over other time periods may
also be included.
The
total return of a Fund for a particular period represents the increase (or
decrease) in the value of a hypothetical investment in the Fund from the
beginning to the end of the period. Total return is calculated by subtracting
the value of the initial investment from the ending value and showing the
difference as a percentage of the initial investment; the calculation assumes
the initial investment is made at the current maximum public offering price
(which includes the maximum sales charge); that all income dividends or capital
gain dividends during the period are reinvested in Fund shares at NAV; and that
any applicable contingent deferred sales charge has been paid. A Fund's total
return will vary depending on market conditions, the securities comprising the
Fund’s portfolio, the Fund’s operating expenses and unrealized net capital gains
or losses during the period. Total return is based on historical earnings and
asset value fluctuations and is not intended to indicate future
performance. No adjustments are made to reflect any income taxes
payable by shareholders on dividends or capital gain dividends paid by a Fund or
to reflect that 12b-1 fees may have changed over time.
35
Average
annual total return quotations are computed by finding the average annual
compounded rate of return over the period that would equate the initial amount
invested to the ending redeemable value.
Total
return is calculated separately for Class A shares and Class C shares of the
Funds. Total return figures for Class A shares include the maximum sales charge.
Total return figures for Class C shares include any applicable contingent
deferred sales charge. Because of the differences in sales charges and
distribution fees, the total returns for each class of shares will
differ. The Funds from time to time also may include supplemental
total return information that does not include sales charges or contingent
deferred sales charges.
The
Funds’ Annual and Semiannual Reports will contain additional performance
information. A copy of the Funds’ Annual Report or Semiannual Report may be
obtained without charge from our website at www.ZacksWMG.com/fund or
by calling or writing the Funds at the telephone number and address printed on
the cover of this SAI.
OTHER
INFORMATION
Disclosure of Portfolio
Holdings
The
Funds have adopted policies and procedures regarding disclosure of portfolio
holdings information (the "Disclosure Policy"). The Board of Trustees determined
that the adoption of the Disclosure Policy, including the disclosure permitted
therein, was in the best interests of the Funds. The Disclosure Policy applies
to the Funds, Advisor and other internal parties involved
in the administration, operation or custody of the Fund, including, but not
limited to UMBFS, MFAC, the Board of Trustees, counsel to the Trust and
Independent Trustees, Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP., and the Funds’
independent accountants, Tait, Weller & Baker LLP (collectively, the
“Service Providers”). Pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, non-public
information concerning a Fund’s portfolio holdings may be disclosed to its
Service Providers only if such disclosure is consistent with the antifraud
provisions of the federal securities laws and the fiduciary duties owed by the
Fund and the Advisor to the Fund’s shareholders. The Funds and their Service
Providers may not receive compensation or any other consideration (which
includes any agreement to maintain assets in the Funds or in other investment
companies or accounts managed by the Advisor or any affiliated person of the
Advisor) in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information of
the Funds. The Funds’ Policy is implemented and overseen by the Chief Compliance
Officer of the Trust, subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees.
Periodic reports regarding these procedures will be provided to the Trust’s
Board.
Portfolio
holdings information will be deemed public when it has been posted to the Funds’
public website. The
Funds make available on their public website portfolio holdings information in
the following manner:
36
§
Fiscal
Quarter: Complete portfolio holdings (or other disclosure of portfolio
holdings as required by applicable legal or regulatory requirements) as of
the end of each fiscal quarter disclosed with a minimum lag time of 30
calendar days.
§
Monthly:
Top 10 largest portfolio holdings as of the end of each month disclosed
with a minimum lag time of 30 calendar
days.
Non-Public
Portfolio Holdings Information Policy. All portfolio holdings
information that has not been disseminated in a manner making it available to
investors generally as described above is considered non-public portfolio
holdings information for the purposes of the Disclosure
Policy. Pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, the Funds or their Service
Providers may disclose non-public portfolio holdings information to certain
third parties who fall within pre-authorized categories on a daily basis, with no
lag time unless otherwise specified below. These third parties include:
(i) the Funds’ Service Providers and others who need access to such information
in the performance of their contractual or other duties and responsibilities to
the Funds (e.g., custodians, accountants, the Advisor, administrators,
attorneys, officers and Trustees) and who are subject to duties of
confidentiality imposed by law or contract, (ii) brokers who execute trades for
the Funds, (iii) evaluation service providers (as described below) and (iv)
shareholders requesting in-kind redemptions (as described
below).
Evaluation
Service Providers. These third parties include mutual fund evaluation
services, such as Morningstar and Lipper, if the Funds have a legitimate
business purpose for disclosing the information, provided that the third party
expressly agrees to maintain the non-public portfolio holdings information in
confidence and not to trade portfolio securities based on the non-public
portfolio holdings information. Subject to the terms and conditions of any
agreement between the Funds or their authorized service providers and the third
party, if these conditions for disclosure are satisfied, there shall be no
restriction on the frequency with which the Funds’ non-public portfolio holdings
information is released, and no lag period shall apply. In addition, persons who
owe a duty of trust or confidence to the Funds or their Service Providers (such
as legal counsel) may receive non-public portfolio holdings information without
entering into a non-disclosure agreement.
Shareholder
In-Kind Distributions. The Funds’ shareholders may, in some
circumstances, elect to redeem their shares of a Fund in exchange for their pro
rata share of the securities held by the Fund. In such circumstances, pursuant
to the Disclosure Policy, Fund shareholders may receive a complete listing of
the portfolio holdings of a Fund up to seven (7) calendar days prior to making
the redemption request provided that they represent orally or in writing that
they agree to maintain the confidentiality of the portfolio holdings
information.
Other
Entities. Pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, the Funds or the Advisor may
disclose non-public portfolio holdings information to a third party who does not
fall within the pre-approved categories, and who are not executing
broker-dealers; however, prior to the receipt of any non-public portfolio
holdings information by such third party, the recipient must have entered into a
non-disclosure agreement and the disclosure arrangement must have been approved
by the Chief Compliance Officer and the President of the Trust. The
Chief Compliance Officer will report to the Board of Trustees on a quarterly
basis regarding any recipients of non-public portfolio holdings information
approved pursuant to this paragraph. There are no other ongoing arrangements as
of the date of this SAI.
Custody of
Assets
The
Custodian, UMB Bank, n.a., an affiliate of UMBFS and the Distributor, serves as
custodian of the assets of the Funds pursuant to a custody agreement between the
Custodian and the Trust, whereby the Custodian is compensated on a transactional
basis plus out-of-pocket expenses. The Custodian’s address is 928
Grand Boulevard, Kansas City, Missouri64106. The Custodian does not
participate in decisions relating to the purchase and sale of securities by the
Funds.
37
Shareholder
Reports
Semiannual
financial statements, and annual financial statements audited by the independent
registered public accounting firm, are included in the Funds’ shareholder
reports.
Proxy Voting Policy and
Procedures And Proxy Voting Record
The
Advisor has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures to guide its voting of
proxies. ZIM's general policy is to vote proxies in the best interests of its
clients. ZIM reviews proxies on a case by case basis and has not adopted any
pre-determined guidelines. ZIM avoids conflicts of interest between voting
proxies for client accounts and personal or proprietary accounts by voting
proprietary account proxies in the same manner that client proxies are voted.
ZIM has adopted other procedures to address potential conflicts. In addition, ZIM
Employees are not permitted to sit on public company boards of directors to
further avoid conflicts of interest.
Information
on how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most
recent twelve-month period ended June 30th will be available without charge,
upon request, by calling (888) 453-4003. This information will also be available
by accessing the Funds’ Form N-PX on the SEC's website at
http://www.sec.gov.
Independent Registered
Public Accounting Firm
An independent registered
public accounting firm for the Funds perform an annual audit of the Funds’
financial statements. The Board of Trustees has engaged Tait, Weller
& Baker LLP, 1818 Market Street, Suite 2400, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania19103, to be the Fund’s independent registered public accounting
firm.
Legal
Counsel
Counsel
to the Trust and the Independent Trustees is Paul, Hastings, Janofsky &
Walker LLP, 515 South Flower Street, Twenty-fifth Floor, Los Angeles, CA90071.
38
APPENDIX
A
RATINGS
Standard & Poor's
Corporation
A brief
description of the applicable Standard & Poor's Corporation ("S&P")
rating symbols and their meanings (as published by S&P)
follows:
Long-Term
Debt
An
S&P corporate or municipal debt rating is a current assessment of the
creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific obligation. This
assessment may take into consideration obligors such as guarantors, insurers or
lessees. The debt rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a
security, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for
a particular investor. The ratings are based on current information furnished by
the issuer or obtained by S&P from other sources it considers reliable.
S&P does not perform an audit in connection with any rating and may, on
occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed,
suspended or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such
information, or based on other circumstances. The ratings are based, in varying
degrees, on the following considerations:
1.
Likelihood
of default-capacity and willingness of the obligor as to the timely
payment of interest and repayment of principal in accordance with the
terms of the obligation;
2.
Nature
of and provisions of the obligation;
and
3.
Protection
afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of
bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of
bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors'
rights.
Investment
Grade
AAA
Debt
rated "AAA" has the highest rating assigned by
S&P. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is
extremely strong.
AA
Debt
rated "AA" has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal
and differs from the highest rated issues only in small
degree.
A
Debt
rated "A" has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal
although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes
in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated
categories.
BBB
Debt
rated "BBB" is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and
repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal
for debt in this category than in higher rated
categories.
39
Speculative
Grade Rating
Debt
rated "BB", "B", "CCC", "CC" and "C" is regarded as having predominantly
speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay
principal. "BB" indicates the least degree of speculation and "C" the highest.
While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics
these are outweighed by major uncertainties or major exposures to adverse
conditions.
BB
Debt
rated "BB" has less near-term vulnerability to default than other
speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or
exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which
could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal
payments. The "BB" rating category is also used for debt subordinated to
senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied "BBB"
rating.
B
Debt
rated "B" has a greater vulnerability to default but currently has the
capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse
business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or
willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The "B" rating category
is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an
actual or implied "BB" or "BB"
rating.
CCC
Debt
rated "CCC" has a currently identifiable vulnerability to default, and is
dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to
meet timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event
of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, it is not likely
to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The
"CCC" rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt
that is assigned an actual or implied "B" or "B"
rating.
CC
The
rating "CC" typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that
is assigned an actual or implied "CCC" debt
rating.
C
The
rating "C" typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt which
is assigned an actual or implied "CCC" debt rating. The "C" rating may be
used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but
debt service payments are
continued.
CI The
rating "CI" is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being
paid.
D
Debt
rated "D" is in payment default. The "D" rating category is used when
interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even
if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes
that such payments will be made during such grace period. The "D" rating
also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service
payments are jeopardized.
Plus (+)
or Minus (-): The ratings from "AA" to "CCC" may be modified by the addition of
a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating
categories.
Provisional
Ratings: The letter "p" indicates that the rating is provisional. A provisional
rating assumes the successful completion of the project financed by the debt
being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely
or entirely dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the project.
This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion
of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of, or the risk of default
upon failure of, such completion. The investor should exercise judgment with
respect to such likelihood and risk.
40
r
The
letter "r" is attached to highlight derivative, hybrid, and certain other
obligations that S&P believes may experience high volatility or high
variability in expected returns due to non-credit risks. Examples of such
obligations are: securities who's principal or interest return is indexed
to equities, commodities, or currencies; certain swaps and options; and
interest only and principal only mortgage securities. The absence of an
"r" symbol should not be taken as an indication that an obligation will
exhibit no volatility or variability in total
return.
L
The
letter "L" indicates that the rating pertains to the principal amount of
those bonds to the extent that the underlying deposit collateral is
Federally insured by the Federal Savings & Loan Insurance Corporation
or the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation* In the case of certificates
of deposit the letter "L" indicates that the deposit, combined with other
deposits being held in the same right and capacity will be honored for
principal and accrued pre-default interest up to the Federal insurance
limits within 30 days after closing of the insured institution or, in the
event that the deposit is assumed by a successor insured institution, upon
maturity.
NR
Indicates
no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on
which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular type of
obligation as a matter of policy.
Commercial
Paper
An
S&P commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of
timely payment of debt having an original maturity of no more than 365 days.
Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from "A-1" for the highest
quality obligations to "D" for the lowest. These categories are as
follows:
A-1
This
highest category indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely
payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong
safety characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+)
designation.
A-2
Capacity
for timely payment on issues with this designation is satisfactory.
However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues
designated "A-1."
*Continuance
of the rating is contingent upon S&P's receipt of an executed copy of the
escrow agreement or closing documentation confirming investments and cash
flow.
A-3
Issues
carrying this designation have adequate capacity for timely payment. They
are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effects of changes
in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher
designations.
B
Issues rated "B" are regarded as having only speculative capacity for timely
payment.
C
This rating is as signed to short-term debt obligations with a doubtful capacity
for payment.
D
Debt
rated "D" is in payment default. The "D" rating category is used when
interest payments or principal Payments are not made on the date due, even
if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes
that such payments will be made during such grace
period.
A
commercial rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security
inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a
particular investor. The ratings are based on current information furnished to
S&P by the issuer or obtained by S&P from other sources it considers
reliable.
S&P
does not perform an audit in connection with any rating and may, on occasion,
rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended
or withdrawn as a result of changes in or unavailability of such information or
based on other circumstances.
41
Preferred
Securities
AAA
This
is the highest rating that may be assigned to a preferred stock issue and
indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay the preferred stock
obligations.
AA
A
preferred stock issue rated AA also qualifies as a high quality fixed
income security. The capacity to pay preferred stock obligations is very
strong, although not as overwhelming as for issues rated
AAA.
A
An
issue rated A is backed by a sound capacity to pay the preferred stock
obligations, although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse
effects of changes in circumstances and economic
conditions.
BBB
An
issue rated BBB is regarded as backed by an adequate capacity to pay
preferred stock obligations. Although it normally exhibits adequate
protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing
circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to make
payments for preferred stock in this category for issues in the A
category.
BB
As
issue rated BB is regarded, on balance, as predominantly speculative with
respect to the issuer's capacity to pay the preferred stock obligation.
While such issues will likely have some quality and protective
characteristics, they are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk
exposures to adverse conditions.
Moody's
Investors Service, Inc.
A brief
description of the applicable Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's") rating
symbols and their meanings (as published by Moody's) follows:
Long-Term
Debt
The
following summarizes the ratings used by Moody's for corporate and municipal
long-term debt:
Aaa
Bonds
are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of
investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt edged." Interest
payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and
principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to
change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the
Fundamentally strong position of such
issuer.
Aa
Bonds
are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together
with the "Aaa" group they comprise what are generally known as high-grade
bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in "Aaa" securities or fluctuation of
protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other
elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger
than in "Aaa" securities.
A
Bonds
possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as
upper medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to
principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present
which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the
future.
42
Baa
Bonds
considered medium-grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly
protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal
security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements
may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great
length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and
in fact have speculative characteristics as
well.
Ba,
B,
Caa, Ca, and C Bonds that possess one of these ratings provide
questionable protection of interest and principal ("Ba" indicates some
speculative elements; "B" indicates a general lack of characteristics of
desirable investment; "Caa" represents a poor standing; "Ca" represents
obligations which are speculative in a high degree; and "C" represents the
lowest rated class of bonds). "Caa,""Ca" and "C" bonds may be in
default.
Con.
(---) Bonds for which the security depends upon the completion of some act
or the fulfillment of some condition are rated conditionally. These are
bonds secured by (a) earnings of projects under construction, (b) earnings
of projects unseasoned in operation experience, (c) rentals which begin
when facilities are completed, or (d) payments to which some other
limiting condition attaches. Parenthetical rating denotes probable credit
stature upon completion of construction or elimination of basis of
condition.
(P)
When
applied to forward delivery bonds, indicates that the rating is
provisional pending delivery of the bonds. The rating may be
revised prior to delivery if changes occur in the legal documents or the
underlying credit quality of the
bonds.
Note:
Those bonds in the Aa, A, Baa, Ba and B groups which Moody's believes possess
the strongest investment attributes are designated by the symbols, Aa1, A1, Ba1
and B1.
Short-Term
Loans
MIG 1/VMIG
1
This
designation denotes best quality. There is present strong protection by
established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad
based access to the market for
refinancing.
MIG 2/VMIG
2
This
designation denotes high quality. Margins of protection are ample although
not so large as in the preceding
group.
MIG 3/VMIG
3
This
designation denotes favorable quality. All security elements
are accounted for but there is lacking the undeniable strength of the
preceding grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and
market access for refinancing is likely to be less
well-established.
MIG 4/VMIG
4
This
designation denotes adequate quality. Protection commonly
regarded as required of an investment security is present and although not
distinctly or predominantly speculative, there is specific
risk.
S.G.
This
designation denotes speculative quality. Debt instruments in this category
lack margins of protection.
Commercial
Paper
Issuers
rated Prime-1 (or related supporting institutions) have a superior capacity for
repayment of short-term promissory obligations. Prime-1 repayment capacity will
normally be evidenced by the following characteristics:
43
-
Leading
market positions in well-established
industries.
-
High
rates of return on Funds employed.
-
Conservative
capitalization structures with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset
protection.
-
Broad
margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal
cash generation.
-
Well-established
access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate
liquidity.
Issuers
rated Prime-2 (or related supporting institutions) have a strong capacity for
repayment of short-term promissory obligations. This will normally be evidenced
by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings
trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject to variation.
Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by
external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained. Issuers rated
Prime-3 (or related supporting institutions) have an acceptable capacity for
repayment of short-term promissory obligations. The effect of industry
characteristics and market composition may be more pronounced. Variability in
earnings and profitability
may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and the
requirement for relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity
is maintained.
Issuers
rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating
categories.
Preferred
Securities Ratings
aaa
Preferred
stocks which are rated "aaa" are considered to be top quality. This rating
indicates good asset protection and the least risk of dividend impairment
within the universe of preferred
stocks.
aa
Preferred
stocks which are rated "aa" are considered to be high grade. This rating
indicates that there is reasonable assurance that earnings and asset
protection will remain relatively well maintained in the foreseeable
future.
a
Preferred
stocks which are rated "a" are considered to be upper-medium grade. While
risks are judged to be somewhat greater than in the "aaa" and "aa"
classifications, earnings and asset protection are, nevertheless, expected
to be maintained at adequate
levels.
baa
Preferred
stocks which are rated "baa" are judged lover-medium grade, neither highly
protected nor poorly secured. Earnings and asset protection appear
adequate at present but may be questionable over any great length of
time.
ba
Preferred
stocks which are rated "ba" are considered to have speculative elements
and their future cannot be considered well assured. Earnings and asset
protection may be very moderate and not well safeguarded during adverse
periods. Uncertainty of position characterizes preferred stocks in this
class.
44
PART C: OTHER
INFORMATION
Zacks
Funds
ITEM
23. EXHIBITS
(a) (1) Agreement
and Declaration of Trust of Registrant (2)
(2) Certificate
of Trust (2)
(3) Amendment
to Certificate of Trust (2)
(4) Amendment
to Certificate of Trust (3)
(5) Amendment
to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (6)
(6) Amendment
to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (3)
(7) Certificate
of Designation of the Zacks Market Neutral Fund (9)
(8) Amendment
to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (**)
(b) Amended
By-Laws of Registrant (**)
(c)
Instruments
Defining Rights of Security Holders is incorporated by reference to Registrant’s
Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Bylaws.
(d)
Investment Advisory Agreement (10)
(e) Distribution
Agreement (5)
(f) Bonus
or Profit Sharing Contracts is not applicable.
(g)
Custody Agreement (5)
(h) Other
Material Contracts
(1) Transfer
Agency Agreement (**)
(2) Fund
Accounting Agreement (**)
(3) Co-Administration
Agreement (**)
(4) Operating
Expense Agreement (10)
(i) Opinion
and Consent of Vedder Price P.C.
(10)
(j) Consent
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (**)
(k) Not
applicable
(l) Initial
Subscription Agreement
(1) Zacks
Multi-Cap Opportunities Fund
(1)
(2) Zacks
Market Neutral Fund (10)
(m) Rule
12b-1 Plan
(1) Amended
12b-1 Plan (**)
(2) Amended
and Restated Shareholder Services Agreement
(**)
ITEM
24. PERSONS
CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH THE FUND
See the
Statement of Additional Information.
ITEM
25. INDEMNIFICATION
Pursuant
to Del. Code Ann. Title 12 Section 3817, a Delaware statutory trust may provide
in its governing instrument for the indemnification of its officers and Trustees
from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever.
Reference
is made to Article 8, Section 8.4 of the Registrant's Agreement and Declaration
of Trust, which provides:
Subject
to the limitations, if applicable, hereinafter set forth in this Section 8.4,
the Trust shall indemnify (from the assets of the Series or Series to which the
conduct in question relates) each of its Trustees, officers, employees and
agents (including Persons who serve at the Trust's request as directors,
officers or trustees of another organization in which the Trust has any interest
as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (hereinafter, together with such
Person's heirs, executors, administrators or personal representative, referred
to as a "Covered Person")) against all liabilities, including but not limited to
amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and
penalties, and expenses, including reasonable accountants' and counsel fees,
incurred by any Covered Person in connection with the defense or disposition of
any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any
court or administrative or legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be
or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such Covered
Person may be or may have been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by
reason of being or having been such a Trustee or officer, director or trustee,
except with respect to any matter as to which it has been determined that such
Covered Person (i) did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that such
Covered Person's action was in or not opposed to the best interests of the
Trust; (ii) had acted with willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or
reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered
Person's office (iii) for a criminal proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe
that his conduct was unlawful (the conduct described in (i), (ii) and (iii)
being referred to hereafter as "Disabling Conduct"). A determination that the
Covered Person is entitled to indemnification may be made by (i) a final
decision on the merits by a court or other body before whom the proceeding was
brought that the Covered Person to be indemnified was not liable by reason of
Disabling Conduct, (ii) dismissal of a court action or an administrative
proceeding against a Covered Person for insufficiency of evidence of Disabling
Conduct, or (iii) a reasonable determination, based upon a review of the facts,
that the indemnity was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct by (a) a vote
of a majority of a quorum of Trustees who are neither "interested persons" of
the Trust as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act nor parties to the
proceeding (the "Disinterested Trustees"), or (b) an independent legal counsel
in a written opinion. Expenses, including accountants' and counsel fees so
incurred by any such Covered Person (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction
of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties), may be paid from time to
time by one or more Series to which the conduct in question related in advance
of the final disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding; provided that
the Covered Person shall have undertaken to repay the amounts so paid to such
Series if it is ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses is
not authorized under this Article 8 and (i) the Covered Person shall have
provided security for such undertaking, (ii) the Trust shall be insured against
losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or (iii) a majority of a quorum
of the disinterested Trustees, or an independent legal counsel in a written
opinion, shall have determined, based on a review of readily available facts (as
opposed to a full trial type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the
Covered Person ultimately will be found entitled to
indemnification.
Pursuant
to the Distribution Agreement between the Trust and Grand Distribution Services,
LLC (the “Distributor”), the Trust has agreed to indemnify, defend and hold the
Distributor, and each of its present or former directors, members, officers,
employees, representatives and any person who controls or previously controlled
the Distributor within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act (“Distributor
Indemnitees”), free and harmless (a) from and against any and all losses,
claims, demands, liabilities, damages, charges, payments, costs and expenses
(including the costs of investigating or defending any alleged losses, claims,
demands, liabilities, damages, charges, payments, costs or expenses and any
counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) of any and every nature
(“Losses”) which Distributor and/or each of the Distributor Indemnitees may
incur under the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act, any other statute (including Blue Sky
laws) or any rule or regulation thereunder, or under common law or otherwise,
arising out of or based upon any untrue statement, or alleged untrue statement,
of a material fact contained in the registration statement or any prospectus, an
annual or interim report to shareholders or sales literature, or any amendments
or supplements thereto, or arising out of or based upon any omission, or alleged
omission, to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that
the Trust’s obligation to indemnify Distributor and any of the Distributor
Indemnitees shall not be deemed to cover any Losses arising out of any untrue
statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made
therein in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the
Distributor and furnished to the Trust or its counsel by Distributor in writing
for the purpose of, and used in, the preparation thereof; (b) from and against
any and all Losses which Distributor and/or each of the Distributor Indemnitees
may incur in connection with this Agreement or the Distributor’s performance
hereunder, except to the extent the Losses result from the Distributor’s willful
misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties, or by
reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this
Agreement, (c) from and against any and all Losses which Distributor and/or each
of the Distributor Indemnitees may incur resulting from the actions or inactions
of any prior service provider to the Trust or any Funds in existence prior to,
and added to Schedule A after, the date of this Agreement, or (d) from and
against any and all Losses which Distributor and/or each of the Distributor
Indemnitees may incur when acting in accordance with instructions from the Trust
or its representatives; and provided further that to the extent this agreement
of indemnity may require indemnity of any Distributor Indemnitee who is also a
trustee or officer of the Trust, no such indemnity shall inure to the benefit of
such trustee or officer if to do so would be against public policy as expressed
in the 1933 Act or the 1940 Act.
ITEM
26. BUSINESS
AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISER
With
respect to the Advisor, the response to this Item will be incorporated by
reference to the Advisor’s Uniform Application for Investment Adviser
Registration (Form ADV) on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(“SEC”). The Advisor’s Form ADV may be obtained, free of charge, at
the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
ITEM
27. PRINCIPAL
UNDERWRITER
(a)
Grand
Distribution Services, LLC currently serves as distributor of the shares
of the Stewart Capital Mutual Funds and the Zacks Multi-Cap Opportunities
Fund, Zacks Market Neutral Fund, Victoria 1522 Fund and RNC Genter
Dividend Income Fund (each a series of the
Registrant).
(b)
To
the best of Registrant’s knowledge, the officers of Grand Distribution
Services, LLC, distributor for Registrant, are as
follows:
Pursuant to the requirements of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as
amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for
effectiveness of this registration statement under Rule 485(b) under the
Securities Act of 1933 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to
be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of
Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, on the 1st day
of April, 2009.
INVESMENT MANAGERS SERIES
TRUST
By: /s/ John P.
Zader
John P. Zader,
President
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration
Statement has been signed on the 1st
day of April, 2009, by the following persons in the capacities set forth
below.
Signature
Title
†
Ashley
Toomey Rabun
Trustee
†
William
H. Young
Trustee
†
Charles
H. Miller
Trustee
/s/
John P. Zader
John
P. Zader
Trustee
and President
†
Trustee
and Vice President
Eric
M. Banhazl
/s/
Rita Dam
Rita
Dam
Treasurer
and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer
† By /s/Rita
Dam
Attorney-in-fact,
pursuant to power of attorney previously filed