SEC Info℠

Home

Search

My Interests

Help

Sign In

Please Sign In

Vivakor, Inc. – ‘S-1’ on 9/15/22

On:  Thursday, 9/15/22, at 5:09pm ET   ·   Accession #:  1683168-22-6426   ·   File #:  333-267444

Previous ‘S-1’:  ‘S-1/A’ on 2/11/22   ·   Next:  ‘S-1/A’ on 12/30/22   ·   Latest:  ‘S-1/A’ on 2/7/23   ·   7 References:   By:  Vivakor, Inc. – Next ‘S-1/A’ on 12/30/22 To:  Vivakor, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 6/22/22 for 6/15/22 To:  Vivakor, Inc. – ‘S-1/A’ on 2/9/22 To:  Vivakor, Inc. – ‘S-1/A’ on 2/4/22 To:  Vivakor, Inc. – ‘S-1/A’ on 4/12/21 To:  Vivakor, Inc. – ‘S-1/A’ on 2/12/21 To:  Vivakor, Inc. – ‘S-1’ on 11/10/20 

in

this entire Filing. an “Entity” Search.

Show

Documents searched

and

each “hit”. the 1st “hit”.

↓↑Hints

 Text Wildcards:  ? (any letter/digit),  * (many).  Search Logic:  for Documents:  & (and),  | (or);  for Text:  | (anywhere),  "(&)" (near).  Details... 

  As Of               Filer                 Filing    For·On·As Docs:Size             Issuer                      Filing Agent

 9/15/22  Vivakor, Inc.                     S-1                   62:7.1M                                   GlobalOne Filings Inc/FA

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: S-1         Registration Statement (General Form)               HTML   1.85M 
 2: EX-21.1     Subsidiaries List                                   HTML     18K 
 3: EX-23.1     Consent of Independent Registered Public            HTML     16K 
                Accounting Firm                                                  
 4: EX-FILING FEES  Calculation of Filing Fees Table                HTML     21K 
10: R1          Cover                                               HTML     42K 
11: R2          Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)   HTML    138K 
12: R3          Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)   HTML     39K 
                (Parenthetical)                                                  
13: R4          Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations     HTML    133K 
                (Unaudited)                                                      
14: R5          Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in     HTML    102K 
                Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)                                 
15: R6          Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows      HTML    116K 
                (Unaudited)                                                      
16: R7          Basis of Presentation                               HTML     62K 
17: R8          Liquidity                                           HTML     21K 
18: R9          Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets                   HTML     21K 
19: R10         Marketable Securities                               HTML     29K 
20: R11         Inventories                                         HTML     21K 
21: R12         Property and Equipment                              HTML     65K 
22: R13         Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses               HTML     26K 
23: R14         Loans and Notes Payable                             HTML     48K 
24: R15         Commitments and Contingencies                       HTML     40K 
25: R16         Long-term Debt                                      HTML     30K 
26: R17         Temporary Equity                                    HTML     47K 
27: R18         Noncontrolling Interest                             HTML     23K 
28: R19         Share-Based Compensation & Warrants                 HTML     64K 
29: R20         Income Tax                                          HTML     25K 
30: R21         Subsequent Events                                   HTML     28K 
31: R22         Basis of Presentation (Policies)                    HTML     80K 
32: R23         Property and Equipment (Tables)                     HTML     60K 
33: R24         Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses (Tables)      HTML     25K 
34: R25         Loans and Notes Payable (Tables)                    HTML     44K 
35: R26         Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)              HTML     26K 
36: R27         Long-term Debt (Tables)                             HTML     31K 
37: R28         Temporary Equity (Tables)                           HTML     48K 
38: R29         Share-Based Compensation & Warrants (Tables)        HTML     55K 
39: R30         Basis of Presentation (Details Narrative)           HTML     85K 
40: R31         Liquidity (Details Narrative)                       HTML     33K 
41: R32         Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets (Details          HTML     26K 
                Narrative)                                                       
42: R33         Marketable Securities (Details Narrative)           HTML     39K 
43: R34         Inventories (Details Narrative)                     HTML     21K 
44: R35         Property and Equipment (Details)                    HTML     54K 
45: R36         Property and Equipment (Details Narrative)          HTML     28K 
46: R37         Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses (Details)     HTML     32K 
47: R38         Loans and Notes Payable (Details)                   HTML     46K 
48: R39         Loans and Notes Payable (Details Narrative)         HTML     22K 
49: R40         Commitments (Details)                               HTML     40K 
50: R41         Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative)   HTML     47K 
51: R42         Long-term Debt (Details)                            HTML     35K 
52: R43         Temporary Equity (Details)                          HTML     32K 
53: R44         Noncontrolling Interest (Details Narrative)         HTML     27K 
54: R45         Share-Based Compensation & Warrants (Details -      HTML     28K 
                Assumptions)                                                     
55: R46         Share-Based Compensation & Warrants (Details)       HTML     56K 
56: R47         Share-Based Compensation & Warrants (Details        HTML     48K 
                Narrative)                                                       
57: R48         Income Tax (Details Narrative)                      HTML     26K 
60: XML         IDEA XML File -- Filing Summary                      XML    109K 
58: XML         XBRL Instance -- vivakor_s1_htm                      XML   1.10M 
59: EXCEL       IDEA Workbook of Financial Reports                  XLSX    102K 
 6: EX-101.CAL  XBRL Calculations -- vivk-20220630_cal               XML    147K 
 7: EX-101.DEF  XBRL Definitions -- vivk-20220630_def                XML    370K 
 8: EX-101.LAB  XBRL Labels -- vivk-20220630_lab                     XML    805K 
 9: EX-101.PRE  XBRL Presentations -- vivk-20220630_pre              XML    639K 
 5: EX-101.SCH  XBRL Schema -- vivk-20220630                         XSD    139K 
61: JSON        XBRL Instance as JSON Data -- MetaLinks              301±   423K 
62: ZIP         XBRL Zipped Folder -- 0001683168-22-006426-xbrl      Zip   1.13M 

Table of Contents 

As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on September 15, 2022

Registration No. 333-            

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

_________________

FORM  i S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

_________________

 i VIVAKOR, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)

Vivakor, Inc.

 i 4101 North Thanksgiving Way

 i Lehi, UT84043

(949) 281-2606
(Address and telephone number of principal executive offices)

_________________

Matthew Nicosia
Chief Executive Officer

Vivakor, Inc.
4101 North Thanksgiving Way

Lehi, UT 84043

(949) 281-2606

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number including area code, of agent for service)

_________________

With copies to:

Joseph M. Lucosky, Esq.

Scott E. Linsky, Esq.
Lucosky Brookman LLP
101 Wood Avenue South, 5th Floor
Woodbridge, NJ 08830
Tel. No.: (732) 395-4400
Fax No.: (732) 395-4401

_________________

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement is declared effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act:  i ☐

The registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information contained in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

3,009,552 Shares of Common Stock

Vivakor, Inc.

This prospectus relates to the offering and resale, from time to time, by the selling stockholders (the “Selling Stockholders”) identified herein, of up to 3,009,552 shares (the “Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”), of Vivakor, Inc. (the “Company”) that were issued to the Selling Stockholders in connection with an August 1, 2022 closing under a June 15, 2022 Membership Interest Purchase Agreement among the Company and the Selling Stockholders. We are not selling any of the Shares being offered under this prospectus and will not receive any proceeds from the sale or disposition of the Shares. The Selling Stockholders may sell or otherwise dispose of the shares of our Common Stock offered by this prospectus from time to time through the means described in this prospectus under the section titled “Plan of Distribution”. The Selling Stockholders will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to the sale or disposition of the Shares. We will bear all costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of the resale of the Shares. For a list of the selling stockholders, see the section titled “Selling Stockholders”.

Our Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “VIVK.” On September 9, 2022, the last reported sale price for our common stock on Nasdaq was $1.59.

We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time by filing amendments or supplements as required. You should read the entire prospectus and any amendments or supplements carefully before you make your investment decision.

We are an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company” as defined under the federal securities laws and, as such, are eligible for reduced public company reporting requirements. See “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and a Smaller Reporting Company”.

Investing in our Common Stock should be considered speculative and involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 13 to read about the risks you should consider before buying shares of our Common Stock.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is , 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

You should rely only on information contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus we may authorize to be delivered or made available to you. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with additional information or information different from that contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus. Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor the sale of our Common Stock means that the information contained in this prospectus or any free writing prospectus is correct after the date of this prospectus or such free writing prospectus. This prospectus is not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy our Common Stock in any circumstances under which the offer or solicitation is unlawful or in any state or other jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted.

No person is authorized in connection with this prospectus to give any information or to make any representations about us, the Common Stock offered hereby or any matter discussed in this prospectus, other than the information and representations contained in this prospectus. If any other information or representation is given or made, such information or representation may not be relied upon as having been authorized by us.

We also use certain trademarks, trade names, and logos that have not been registered. We claim common law rights to these unregistered trademarks, trade names and logos.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our Common Stock is highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk. We face a variety of risks that may affect our operations or financial results and many of those risks are driven by factors that we cannot control or predict. In addition to the other information set forth in this prospectus, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed below when considering an investment in our Common Stock. If any of the risks described below occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially adversely affected. In that case, the market price of our Common Stock would likely decline and investors could lose all or a part of their investment. Only those investors who can bear the risk of loss of their entire investment should consider an investment in our Common Stock. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business and results of operations.

Risks Relating to our Business

We are at an early operational stage, and our success is subject to the substantial risks inherent in the establishment of a new business venture.

Our business and operations are in an early stage and subject to all of the risks inherent with new business ventures.

Our RPC business and operations are in an early stage, and our initial operations focused on the remediation of soil and the extraction of hydrocarbons, such as oil, from properties contaminated by or laden with heavy crude oil and hydrocarbon-based substances. We intend to, but have not yet, completed the second stage of our operational strategy related to our RPCs, which involves the selling the asphaltic cement and/or other petroleum-based products we are able to produce from the hydrocarbons we recover. Our business and operations related to SFD and WCCC, the gathering, storage and transportation, are also in their early stages.

Our business and operations related to our RPCs may not prove to be successful. We have deployed only two RPC units to date, including one unit to Kuwait (for which operations were temporarily suspended due to COVID-19) and another to Vernal, Utah (which is presently operating). We will need to scale our remediation business beyond these two RPCs and demonstrate that our scaled-up recovery and remediation business can be profitable. Any future success that we may enjoy related to our RPC business will depend on many factors, some of which may be beyond our control, and others which cannot be predicted at this time. Although we began operations in 2008 as a technology acquisition company primarily focused on medical technologies, we have been operating under our current business plan focused on soil remediation since 2011, and we have not yet proven to be profitable. We have not yet sold any substantial amount of products or services commercially and have not proven that our business model will allow us to identify and develop commercially feasible products or technologies.  Likewise, SFD and WCCC have only been in operations for a few years and subject to similar risks as new business ventures.

We have historically suffered net losses, and we may not be able to sustain profitability.

We had an accumulated deficit of $41,237,559 and $35,731,359 as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and we expect to continue to incur significant development expenses in the foreseeable future related to the completion of the development and commercialization of our products. As a result, we are incurring operating and net losses, and it is possible that we may never be able to sustain the revenue levels necessary to achieve and sustain profitability. If we fail to generate sufficient revenues to operate profitably on a consistent basis, or if we are unable to fund our continuing losses, you could lose all or part of your investment.

We rely upon a few, select key employees who are instrumental in our ability to conduct and grow our business. In the event any of those key employees would no longer be affiliated with the Company, it may have a material detrimental impact as to our ability to successfully operate our business.

Our future success will depend in large part on our ability to attract and retain high-quality management, operations, and other personnel who are in high demand, are often subject to competing employment offers, and are attractive recruiting targets for our competitors. The loss of qualified executives and key employees, or our inability to attract, retain, and motivate high-quality executives and employees required for the planned expansion of our business, may harm our operating results and impair our ability to grow.

We depend on the continued services of our key personnel, including Matthew Nicosia, our Chief Executive Officer, Tyler Nelson, our Chief Financial Officer, and Daniel Hashim, our Chief Scientific Officer. Our work with each of these key personnel are subject to changes and/or termination, and our inability to effectively retain the services of our key management personnel, could materially and adversely affect our operating results and future prospects.

We may have difficulty raising additional capital, which could deprive us of necessary resources, and you may experience dilution or subordinate stockholder rights, preferences and privileges as a result of our financing efforts.

We expect to continue to devote significant capital resources to fund the continued development of our RPCs and related technologies. In order to support the initiatives envisioned in our business plan, we will need to raise additional funds through the sale of public or private debt or equity financing or other arrangements. Our ability to raise additional financing depends on many factors beyond our control, including the state of capital markets, the market price of our common stock and the development or prospects for development of competitive technologies by others. Sufficient additional financing may not be available to us or may be available only on terms that would result in further dilution to the current owners of our common stock.

We expect to obtain additional capital during 2022 through financing lease structures for our RPCs or other financing structures related to our RPCs. We also expect that our current cash position, will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for the next twelve months. Thereafter, unless we can achieve and sustain profitability, we anticipate that we will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations while we implement and execute our business plan.

Any future equity financing may involve substantial dilution to our then existing shareholders. Any future debt financing could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities. There can be no assurance that such additional capital will be available, on a timely basis, or on terms acceptable to us. If we are unsuccessful in raising additional capital or the terms of raising such capital are unacceptable, then we may have to modify our business plan and/or curtail our planned activities and other operations.

If we raise additional funds through government or other third-party funding, collaborations, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements or marketing and distribution arrangements, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue stream or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market products that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

Additionally, we have certain potential dilutive instruments, of which the conversion of these instruments could result in dilution to shareholders: As of September 9, 2022, the maximum potential dilution is 2,067,478, and includes convertible notes payable convertible into approximately 14,560 shares of common stock, stock options granted to employees of 1,872,918 shares of common stock. Stock options granted to Board members or consultants of 100,000 shares of common stock were granted as of September 9, 2022. There were also warrants issued and outstanding to EF Hutton of 80,000 shares of common stock as of September 9, 2022. These warrants were related to and granted during the close of the underwritten public offering in February 2022.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had and may continue to have a negative impact on our business and operations.

Our Kuwait operations were suspended to comply with the social distancing measures implemented in Kuwait. Our Utah operations were temporarily suspended from March through May 2020, but have since resumed in full. These suspensions have had a negative impact on our business and there can be no guaranty that we will not need to suspend operations again in the future as a result of the pandemic. We have also observed supply chain disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic that has contributed to delays in the completion of the manufacturing of our RPCs. We are closely monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and the directives from federal and local authorities in the United States and in Kuwait affecting not only our workforce, but those of companies with whom we work.

Constraints in the supply of equipment used in providing services to our customers and replacement parts for our equipment could affect our ability to execute our growth strategies.

Equipment used in providing services to our customers is normally readily available. Market conditions could trigger constraints in the supply chain of certain equipment or replacement parts for such equipment, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Economic conditions in the current period of disruption and instability could adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets, in both the near and long term, and thus adversely affect our business and liquidity.

The current economic conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic have had, and likely will continue to have for the foreseeable future a negative impact on the capital markets. Even if we are able to raise capital, it may not be at a price or on terms that are favorable to us. We cannot predict the occurrence of future disruptions or how long the current conditions may continue.

Our business plan includes operating internationally, which subjects us to a number of risks.

Our strategic plans include international operations, such as our projects in the Middle East. We intend to use our proprietary RPC technology system and develop, construct and potentially sell our RPC system in international locations. Risks inherent to international operations include the following:

Failure to effectively manage our expected growth could place strains on our managerial, operational and financial resources and could adversely affect our business and operating results.

Our expected growth could place a strain on our managerial, operational and financial resources. Further, if our subsidiaries’ businesses grow, then we will be required to manage multiple relationships. Any further growth by us or our subsidiaries, or any increase in the number of our strategic relationships, will increase the strain on our managerial, operational and financial resources. This strain may inhibit our ability to achieve the rapid execution necessary to implement our business plan and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, business prospects and operations and the value of an investment in our company.

We will need to achieve commercial acceptance of our RPCs and related products in order to generate revenues from those operations and sustain profitability.

Our goal is to ultimately produce asphaltic cement and/or other petroleum-based products from the hydrocarbons we recover and sell these products to customers; however, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our products related to those operations, and even if we do, we may not be able to do so on a timely basis. Superior competitive technologies may be introduced, or customer needs may change, which will diminish or extinguish the commercial uses for our applications. We cannot predict when significant commercial market acceptance for our RPCs and related products will develop, if at all, and we cannot reliably estimate the projected size of any such potential market. If the markets fail to accept those products, then we may not be able to generate revenues from the commercial application of our technologies related to those products. Our revenue growth and profitability will partially depend on our ability to manufacture and deploy additional RPCs and produce asphaltic cement to the specifications required by each of our potential customers.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. Failure to maintain effective internal controls could cause our investors to lose confidence in us and adversely affect the market price of our common stock. If our internal controls are not effective, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Section 404”) requires that we maintain internal control over financial reporting that meets applicable standards. We may err in the design or operation of our controls, and all internal control systems, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because there are inherent limitations in all control systems, there can be no assurance that all control issues have been or will be detected. If we are unable, or are perceived as unable, to produce reliable financial reports due to internal control deficiencies, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information and operating results, which could result in a negative market reaction and a decrease in our stock price.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal controls related to the segregation of duties and financial reporting process within our internal controls. We believe that we will have substantially resolved our previously identified material weakness in our internal controls as we continue to hire personnel to fulfill the duties related to the financial reporting process and growth in our business. There can be no assurances that weakness in our internal controls will not occur in the future.

If we identify new material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, if we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting (if and when required), we may be late with the filing of our periodic reports, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected. As a result of such failures, we could also become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, and become subject to litigation from investors and stockholders, which could harm our reputation, financial condition or divert financial and management resources from our core business, and would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A major portion of our business is dependent on the oil industry, which is subject to numerous worldwide variables.

Our prospective customers are concentrated in the oil industry. As a result, we will be subject to the success of the oil industry, which is subject to substantial volatility based on numerous worldwide factors. A decline in the oil industry may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The oil and gas industry is competitive in all its phases. Competition in the oil and gas industry is intense. We will compete with other participants in the search for oil sand properties and in the marketing of oil and other hydrocarbon products. Our customers could include competitors such as oil and gas companies that have substantially greater financial resources, staff and facilities than those of our customers and lessees. Competitive factors in the distribution and marketing of oil and other hydrocarbon products include price and methods and reliability of delivery.

Within the oil remediation market, demand for our services will be limited to a specific customer base and highly correlated to the oil industry. The oil industry’s demand for equipment is affected by a number of factors including the volatile nature of the oil industry’s business, increased use of alternative types of energy and technological developments in the oil extraction process. A significant reduction in the target market’s demand for oil would reduce the demand for the equipment, which would have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Low oil prices may substantially impact our ability to generate revenues.

Low oil prices may negatively impact our ability to operate. The demand for our products and services depend, in part, on the price of oil and the margins oil producers receive on the sale of oil. Oil prices are volatile and can fluctuate widely based upon a number of factors beyond our control. Any decline in the prices of and demand for oil could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our operations are subject to unforeseen interruptions and hazards inherent in the oil industry, for which we may not be adequately insured and which could cause us to lose customers and substantial revenue.

Our operations are exposed to the risks inherent to our industry, such as equipment defects, vehicle accidents, fires, explosions, blowouts, pipe or pipeline failures, and various environmental hazards, such as oil spills and releases of, and exposure to, hazardous substances. For example, our operations are subject to risks associated with storage and handling of oil, including any mishandling or surface spillage. In addition, our operations are exposed to potential natural disasters, including blizzards, tornadoes, storms, floods, other adverse weather conditions and earthquakes. The occurrence of any of these events could result in substantial losses to us due to injury or loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property, natural resources and equipment, pollution or other environmental damage, clean-up responsibilities, regulatory investigations and penalties or other damage resulting in curtailment or suspension of our operations. The cost of managing such risks may be significant. The frequency and severity of such incidents will affect operating costs, insurability and relationships with customers, employees and regulators. In particular, our customers may elect not to purchase our product if they view our environmental or safety record as unacceptable, which could cause us to lose customers and revenues.

Our operations in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico region are particularly susceptible to interruption and damage from hurricanes. Any of these operating hazards could cause personal injuries, fatalities, oil spills, discharge of hazardous substances into the air and water or environmental damage, lost production and revenue, remediation and clean-up costs and liability for damages, all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and may not be fully covered by our insurance.

Our insurance may not be adequate to cover all losses or liabilities we may suffer. Furthermore, we may be unable to maintain or obtain insurance of the type and amount we desire at reasonable rates. As a result of market conditions, premiums and deductibles for certain of our insurance policies have increased and could escalate further. In addition, sub-limits have been imposed for certain risks. In some instances, certain insurance could become unavailable or available only for reduced amounts of coverage. If we were to incur a significant liability for which we are not fully insured, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, we may not be able to secure additional insurance or bonding that might be required by new governmental regulations. This may cause us to restrict our operations, which might severely impact our financial position.

Additionally, we may not have coverage if we are unaware of the pollution event and unable to report the “occurrence” to our insurance company within the time frame required under our insurance policy. In addition, these policies do not provide coverage for all liabilities, and the insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover claims that may arise, or we may not be able to maintain adequate insurance at rates we consider reasonable. A loss not fully covered by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

We require a variety of permits to operate our business. If we are not successful in obtaining and/or maintaining those permits it will adversely impact our operations.

Our business requires permits to operate. Our inability to obtain permits in a timely manner could result in substantial delays to our business. In addition, our customers may not receive permitting for our equipment’s specific use and we may be unable to adjust our equipment to meet our customer’s permitting needs. The issuance of permits is dependent on the applicable government agencies and is beyond our control and that of our customers. There can be no assurance that we and/or our customers will receive the permits necessary to operate, which could substantially and adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

We are required to pay permit and approval fees to operate in certain business segments and locations. If we are not able to pay those fees it would adversely impact our business.

We are required to pay various types of permit and approval fees to the applicable governmental and quasi-governmental agencies to operate our business. These fees are subject to change at the discretion of the various agencies. Our inability to pay these permit and approval fees could substantially and adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

We, and our customers and prospective customers, are subject to numerous governmental regulations, both domestically and internationally. In order to operate successfully we must be able comply with these regulations.

Current and future government laws, regulations and other legal requirements may increase the costs of doing business or restrict business operations. Laws, regulations and other legal requirements, such as those relating to the protection of the environment and natural resources, health, business and tax have an effect on our cost of operation or those of our customers. Such governmental regulation may result in delays, cause us to incur substantial compliance and other costs and prohibit or severely restrict our business or that of our customers, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

For our operations related to our RPCs we currently depend, and are likely to continue to depend, on a limited number of customers for a significant portion of our revenues related to those operations.

We currently have two customers in Utah and a single customer in Kuwait for our RPCs and related products. The failure to obtain additional customers or the loss of all or a portion of the revenues attributable to any current or future customer as a result of competition, creditworthiness, inability to negotiate extensions or replacement of contracts or otherwise could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

If our customers do not enter into, extend or honor their contracts with us, our profitability could be adversely affected. Our ability to receive payment for production depends on the continued solvency and creditworthiness of our customers and prospective customers. If any of our customers’ creditworthiness suffers, we may bear an increased risk with respect to payment defaults. If customers refuse to accept our equipment or make payments for which they have a contractual obligation, our revenues could be adversely affected. In addition, if a substantial portion of our contracts are modified or terminated and we are unable to replace the contracts (or if new contracts are priced at lower levels), our results of operations will be adversely affected.

Our primary business is impacted by the oil industry and the manufacturing industry, which are subject to uncertain economic conditions.

The global economy is subject to fluctuation and it is unclear how stable the oil industry and the manufacturing industry will be in the future. As a result, there can be no assurance that the business will achieve anticipated cash flow levels. Further, recent world events evolving out of trade disputes, increased terrorist activities and political and military action, and the COVID-19 pandemic, among other events, have created an air of uncertainty concerning the stability of the global economy. Historically, such events have resulted in disturbances in financial markets, and it is impossible to determine the likelihood of future events. Any negative change in the general economic conditions in the United States and globally could adversely affect the financial condition and operating results of the business. We plan to expand our level of operations. Slower economic activity, concerns about inflation or deflation, decreased consumer confidence, reduced corporate profits and capital spending, adverse business conditions and liquidity concerns in the general economy and recent international conflicts and terrorist and military activity have resulted in a downturn in worldwide economic conditions, especially in the United States. Political and social turmoil related to international conflicts and terrorist acts may place further pressure on economic conditions in the United States and worldwide. These political, social and economic conditions make it extremely difficult for us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities. If such conditions continue or worsen, then our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We will continue to be subject to competition in our business.

Our oil remediation equipment utilizes specific technology to extract oil from sand. Oil producers are continually investigating alternative oil production technologies with a view to reduce production costs. In addition, industries that compete with the oil industry, such as the electric power industry, also continue to innovate and create products that compete with the oil industry. There can be no assurance that superior alternative technologies will emerge, which could reduce the demand for and price of our product and services.

The market for our products and services is highly competitive and is becoming more so, which could hinder our ability to successfully market our products and services. We may not have the resources, expertise or other competitive factors to compete successfully in the future. We expect to face additional competition from existing competitors and new market entrants in the future. Many of our competitors have greater name recognition and more established relationships in the industry than we do. As a result, these competitors may be able to:

Regarding our crude oil gathering, storage and transportation business, many of our competitors are large tank farm businesses and if one or more of them built storage tanks and/or facilities near our current facilities they could compete with us for business at our current location. As larger companies, they have greater resources than we do to compete for business in our area and may be able to price us out of business.

We carry insurance coverage against liabilities for personal injury, death and property damage, but there is no guarantee this coverage will be sufficient to cover us against all claims.

Although, we maintain insurance coverage against liability for personal injury, death and property damage. There can be no assurance that this insurance will be sufficient to cover any such liabilities. We may not be insured or fully insured against the losses or liabilities that could arise from a casualty in the business operations. In addition, there can be no assurance that particular risks that are currently insurable will continue to be insurable on an economical basis or that the current levels of coverage will continue to be available. If a loss occurs that is partially or completely uninsured, we may incur a significant liability.

We may be unable to adequately protect our proprietary rights.

Our ability to compete partly depends on the superiority, uniqueness and value of our intellectual property. To protect our proprietary rights, we will rely on a combination of patents, copyrights and trade secrets, confidentiality agreements with our employees and third parties, and protective contractual provisions. Despite these efforts, any of the following occurrences may reduce the value of our intellectual property:

We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents that would be expensive and time consuming.

In order to protect or enforce our patent rights, we may initiate patent litigation against third parties. In addition, we may become subject to interference or opposition proceedings conducted in patent and trademark offices to determine the priority and patentability of inventions. The defense of intellectual property rights, including patent rights through lawsuits, interference or opposition proceedings, and other legal and administrative proceedings, would be costly and divert our technical and management personnel from their normal responsibilities. An adverse determination of any litigation or defense proceedings could put our pending patent applications at risk of not being issued.

Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. For example, during the course of this type of litigation, confidential information may be inadvertently disclosed in the form of documents or testimony in connection with discovery requests, depositions or trial testimony. This disclosure could have a material adverse effect on our business and our financial results.

Our RPC business operations rely on our ability to transport our equipment to different locations. Any impact on the cost, availability and reliability of transportation could adversely affect our business.

The availability and reliability of transportation and fluctuation in transportation costs could negatively impact our business. Transportation logistics play an important role in the sale of our RPC products and related services and in the oil industry generally. Delays and interruptions of transportation services because of accidents, failure to complete construction of infrastructure, infrastructure damage, lack of capacity, weather-related problems, governmental regulation, terrorism, strikes, lock-outs, third-party actions or other events could impair the operations of our customers and may also directly impair our ability to commence or complete production or services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The lands on which we conduct our business operations must be properly zoned for our services. If they aren’t then it could impact our business.

The lands on which we conduct our business operates must comply with applicable zoning regulations. Any unknown or future violations could limit or require us to cease operations.

Data security breaches are increasing worldwide. If we are the victim of such a breach it will materially impact our business.

We will collect and retain certain personal information provided by our employees and investors. We intend to implement certain protocols designed to protect the confidentiality of this information and periodically review and improve our security measures; however, these protocols may not prevent unauthorized access to this information. Technology and safeguards in this area are consistently changing and there is no assurance that we will be able to maintain sufficient protocols to protect confidential information. Any breach of our data security measures and disbursement of this information may result in legal liability and costs (including damages and penalties), as well as damage to our reputation, that could materially and adversely affect our business and financial performance.

We may indemnify our directors and officers against liability to us and holders of our securities, and such indemnification could increase our operating costs.

Our bylaws allow us to indemnify our directors and officers against claims associated with carrying out the duties of their offices. Our bylaws also allow us to reimburse them for the costs of certain legal defenses. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) may be permitted to our directors, officers or control persons, we have been advised by the SEC that such indemnification is against public policy and is therefore unenforceable. If our officers and directors file a claim against us for indemnification, the associated expenses could also increase our operating costs.

We may be subject to liability if our equipment does not perform as expected.

We may be exposed to liability in the event our equipment does not perform as expected. We intend to enter into contracts with customers, which will grant certain rights with respect to the condition and use of our products. Certain contractual and legal claims could arise in the event the equipment does not perform as expected and in the event of personal injury, death or property damage as a result of the use of our equipment. There can be no assurance that particular risks are insured or, if insured, will continue to be insurable on an economical basis or that current levels of coverage will continue to be available. We may be liable for any defects in the equipment or its products and services and uninsured or underinsured personal injury, death or property damage claims.

Our RPC business depends on our ability to manufacture various pieces of equipment, many of which are quite large. Any disruption in our manufacturing ability will adversely affect our business and operations.

Our RPC business involves manufacturing and plant operation risks of delay that may be outside of our control. Production or services may be delayed or prevented by factors such as adverse weather, strikes, energy shortages, shortages or increased costs of materials, inflation, environmental conditions, legal matters and other unknown contingencies. Our RPC business also requires certain manufacturing apparatus to manufacture the equipment. If the manufacturing apparatus were to suffer major damage or are destroyed by fire, abnormal wear, flooding, incorrect operation or otherwise, we may be unable to replace or repair such apparatus in a timely manner or at a reasonable cost, which would impact the our ability to stay in production or service. Any significant downtime of the equipment manufacturing could impair our ability to produce for or serve customers and materially and adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, changes in the equipment plans and specifications, delays due to compliance with governmental requirements or impositions of fees or other delays could increase production costs beyond those budgeted for the business. If any cost overruns exceed the funds budgeted for operations, the business would be negatively impacted.

Any accident at our manufacturing facilities could subject us to substantial liability.

The manufacturing and operation of the equipment involves hazards and risks which could disrupt operations, decrease production and increase costs. The occurrence of a significant accident or other event that is not fully insured could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

If critical components become unavailable or our suppliers delay their production of our key components, our business will be negatively impacted.

Our ability to get key components to build our RPCs and related equipment is crucial to our ability to manufacture our products. These components are supplied by certain third-party manufacturers, and we may be unable to acquire necessary amounts of key components at competitive prices.

If we are successful in our growth, outsourcing the production of certain parts and components would be one way to reduce manufacturing costs. We plan to select these particular manufacturers based on their ability to consistently produce these products according to our requirements in an effort to obtain the best quality product at the most cost-effective price. However, the loss of all or any one of these suppliers or delays in obtaining shipments would have an adverse effect on our operations until an alternative supplier could be found, if one may be located at all. If we get to that stage of growth, such loss of manufacturers could cause us to breach any contracts we have in place at that time and would likely cause us to lose sales.

Any shortage of skilled labor would have a detrimental impact on our ability to provide our products and services.

The manufacturing and operating of our equipment requires skilled laborers. In the event there is a shortage of labor, including skilled labor, it could have an adverse impact on our productivity and costs and our ability to expand production in the event there is an increase in demand for our product or services.

We rely on third party contractors for some of our operations. If we are unable to find quality contractors, it would severely impact our business.

We outsource certain aspects of our business to third party contractors. We are subject to the risks associated with such contractors’ ability to successfully provide the necessary services to meet the needs of our business. If the contractors are unable to adequately provide the contracted services, and we are unable to find alternative service providers in a timely manner, our ability to operate the business may be disrupted, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Union activities could adversely impact our business.

While none of our employees are currently members of unions, we may become adversely effected by union activities. We are not subject to any collective bargaining or union agreement; however, it is possible that future employees may join or seek recognition to form a labor union or may be required to become a labor agreement signatory. If some or all of our employees become unionized, it could adversely affect productivity, increase labor costs and increase the risk of work stoppages. If a work stoppage were to occur, it could interfere with the business operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

If we fail to make the Threshold Payment, or otherwise breach the terms of the MIPA, the transaction consummated by the MIPA may be unwound.

Under the terms of the MIPA, we agreed with the Sellers that, in the event of a breach of the terms of the MIPA, the Notes, or the Pledge Agreement, the sole and exclusive remedy of the parties will be to unwind the MIPA transaction (the “Unwinding”). In any such Unwinding, the Membership Interest will be transferred to Sellers and Sellers will assign and transfer to us, the number of shares of our common stock constituting the Purchaser Stock Consideration and any other amounts (the “Pre-Payment Amounts”) paid to Sellers by us above and beyond the monthly amounts required to be paid to Sellers under the Notes. If the MIPA transaction were to be unwound we would no longer own SDF and WCCC, which would substantially impact our operations and revenues.

Although our shares of Common Stock have been approved for listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market, our shares of Common Stock may be subject to potential delisting if we do not meet or continue to maintain the listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market.

Our shares and warrants have been approved for listing on Nasdaq; however, to keep our listing on Nasdaq, we are required to maintain: (i) a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share, (ii) a certain public float, (iii) a certain number of round lot shareholders and (iv) one of the following: a net income from continuing operations (in the latest fiscal year or two of the three last fiscal years) of at least $500,000, a market value of listed securities of at least $35 million or a stockholders’ equity of at least $2.5 million.

If our securities are ever delisted from Nasdaq, trading will most likely take place on the OTC Marketplace operated by OTC Markets Group Inc. An investor is likely to find it less convenient to sell, or to obtain accurate quotations in seeking to buy, our Common Stock on an over-the-counter market, and many investors may not buy or sell our Common Stock due to difficulty in accessing over-the-counter markets, or due to policies preventing them from trading in securities not listed on a national exchange or other reasons, and our ability to issue additional securities for financing or other purposes, or otherwise to arrange for any financing we may need in the future, may also be materially and adversely affected if our Common Stock is not traded on a national securities exchange. For these reasons and others, delisting would adversely affect the liquidity, trading volume and price of our Common Stock, causing the value of an investment in us to decrease and having an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, including our ability to attract and retain qualified executives and employees and to raise capital.

Risks Relating to the Offering

You may lose all of your investment.

Investing in our Common Stock involves a high degree of risk. As an investor, you might never recoup all, or even part of, your investment and you may never realize any return on your investment. You must be prepared to lose all your investment.

The market price of our Common Stock may be highly volatile, you may not be able to resell your shares at or above your purchase price and you could lose all or part of your investment.

The trading price of our Common Stock may be volatile. Our stock price could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, including the following:

In addition, the stock market in general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our Common Stock, regardless of our actual operating performance.

Under the MIPA, we issued the Sellers shares of our common stock equal to approximately 19.99% of our then-outstanding common stock. Those shares are being registered for resale in this prospectus. If the Sellers sell some or all of the shares in the public market it could cause our stock price to fall.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our Common Stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales may have on the prevailing market price of our Common Stock.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

We are an “emerging growth company” and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Common Stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including (1) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (2) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in this prospectus and our periodic reports and proxy statements, and (3) exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. In addition, as an emerging growth company, we are only required to provide two years of audited financial statements and two years of selected financial data in this prospectus. We could be an emerging growth company until the fifth anniversary of the first sale of our common stock pursuant to a registration statement occurs, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of June 30 of any year or if we have total annual gross revenue of $1.07 billion or more during any fiscal year, in which cases we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31, or if we issue more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt during any three-year period, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company immediately. Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we may still qualify as a “smaller reporting company” which would allow us to take advantage of many of the same exemptions from disclosure requirements including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in this prospectus and our periodic reports and proxy statements. We cannot predict if investors will find our Common Stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Common Stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Common Stock and our share price may be more volatile.

Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use the extended transition period under the JOBS Act until the earlier of the date we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

We are a smaller reporting company, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies will make our Common Stock less attractive to investors.

We are currently a “smaller reporting company”, meaning that we are not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent company that is not a smaller reporting company and we have a public float of less than $250 million and annual revenues of less than $100 million during our most recently completed fiscal year. In the event that we are still considered a smaller reporting company at such time as we cease being an “emerging growth company,” we will be required to provide additional disclosure in our SEC filings. However, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies are able to provide simplified executive compensation disclosures in their filings; are exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that independent registered public accounting firms provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting; and have certain other decreased disclosure obligations in their SEC filings, including, among other things, only being required to provide two years of audited financial statements in annual reports and in a registration statement under the Exchange Act on Form 10. Decreased disclosures in our SEC filings due to our status as a smaller reporting company may make it harder for investors to analyze our results of operations and financial prospects.

We do not anticipate paying dividends on our Common Stock, and investors may lose the entire amount of their investment.

Cash dividends have never been declared or paid on our Common Stock, and we do not anticipate such a declaration or payment for the foreseeable future. Any future determination about the payment of dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our earnings, if any, capital requirements, operating and financial conditions, contractual restrictions, including any loan or debt financing agreements, and on such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. In addition, we may enter into agreements in the future that could contain restrictions on payments of cash dividends. We expect to use future earnings, if any, to fund business growth. Therefore, stockholders will not receive any funds absent a sale of their shares of our Common Stock. If we do not pay dividends, our Common Stock may be less valuable because a return on your investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates. We cannot assure stockholders of a positive return on their investment when they sell their shares of our Common Stock, nor can we assure that stockholders will not lose the entire amount of their investment.

Provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws and Nevada law might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our Company or changes in our management and, therefore, depress the trading price of our Common Stock.

Our articles of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could depress the trading price of our Common Stock by acting to discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or changes in our management that the stockholders of our Company may deem advantageous. These provisions:

Such provisions could impede any merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving the company or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the company.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that present our current expectations or forecasts of future events. These statements do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and include statements regarding, among other things, our projected revenue growth and profitability, our growth strategies and opportunity, anticipated trends in our market and our anticipated needs for working capital. They are generally identifiable by use of the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plans,” “potential,” “projects,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expects,” “management believes,” “we believe,” “we intend” or the negative of these words or other variations on these words or comparable terminology. These statements may be found under the sections entitled “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business,” as well as in this prospectus generally. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, prospective products, market acceptance, future performance or results of current and anticipated products, sales efforts, expenses, and the outcome of contingencies such as legal proceedings and financial results.

Examples of forward-looking statements in this prospectus include, but are not limited to, our expectations regarding our business strategy, business prospects, operating results, operating expenses, working capital, liquidity and capital expenditure requirements. Important assumptions relating to the forward-looking statements include, among others, assumptions regarding demand for our products and services, the cost, terms and availability of components, pricing levels, the timing and cost of capital expenditures, competitive conditions and general economic conditions. These statements are based on our management’s expectations, beliefs and assumptions concerning future events affecting us, which in turn are based on currently available information. These assumptions could prove inaccurate. Although we believe that the estimates and projections reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may prove to be incorrect.

Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results and events anticipated or implied by such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for us to predict all of those risks, nor can we assess the impact of all of those risks on our business or the extent to which any factor may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. The forward-looking statements in this prospectus are based on assumptions management believes are reasonable. However, due to the uncertainties associated with forward-looking statements, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Further, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and unless required by law, we expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to publicly update any of them in light of new information, future events, or otherwise.

USE OF PROCEEDS

All proceeds from the resale of the shares of our Common Stock offered by this prospectus will belong to the Selling Stockholders. We will not receive any proceeds from the resale of the shares of our Common Stock by the Selling Stockholders.

MARKET FOR OUR COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Market Information

Our Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “VIVK.”

Holders

As of September 9, 2022, there were 18,064,838 shares of Common Stock outstanding held by approximately 569 holders of record (not including an indeterminate number of beneficial holders of stock held in street name).

Warrants

There were 80,000 warrants issued and outstanding as of September 9, 2022. The warrants have a five-year term, were issued on February 14, 2022, and are exercisable for shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $5.75 per share.

Dividends

To date, we have not paid any dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. The declaration and payment of dividends on the common stock is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, our operating results, financial condition, capital requirements, contractual restrictions or such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

On February 14 2022, our 2021 Equity and Incentive Plan went effective. The plan was approved by our Board of Directors. The Plan’s number of authorized shares is 2,000,000. As of September 9, 2022, there were stock options granted to acquire 1,872,918 shares of common stock at a weighted exercise price of $1.75 per share under the plan. As of September 9, 2022, the Plan had 1,083,392 vested shares and 789,526 non-vested shares underlying the stock options. As of September 9, 2022, no options had been exercised under the Plan. We have not issued any other type of equity awards under the Plan. The stock options issued under the Plan are held by certain of our executive officers.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This prospectus includes a number of forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”) that reflect management’s current views with respect to future events and financial performance. These statements are based upon beliefs of, and information currently available to, the Company’s management as well as estimates and assumptions made by the Company’s management. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are only predictions and speak only as of the date hereof. When used herein, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “target,” “potential,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “continue” or the negative of these terms and similar expressions as they relate to the Company or the Company’s management identify forward-looking statements. Such statements reflect the current view of the Company with respect to future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors, including the risks relating to the Company’s business, industry, and the Company’s operations and results of operations. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ significantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended, or planned.

Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, the Company cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, the Company does not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results.

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Our financial statements would be affected to the extent there are material differences between these estimates and actual results. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report. The forward-looking statements made in this report are based only on events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this report and the documents we refer to in this report and have filed as exhibits to this report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, or performance. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). We undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes in the future operating results over time except as required by law. We believe that our assumptions are based upon reasonable data derived from and known about our business and operations. No assurances are made that actual results of operations or the results of our future activities will not differ materially from our assumptions.

As used in this prospectus and unless otherwise indicated, the terms “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Vivakor, Inc., its wholly owned and majority-owned active subsidiaries, or joint ventures (collectively, the “Company”). Intercompany balances and transactions between consolidated entities are eliminated. Vivakor has the following wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries: Vivaventures Management Company, Inc., Vivaventures Energy Group, Inc. (99%), Vivaventures Oil Sands, Inc., Vivasphere, Inc., and Vivakor Middle East, LLC (49%, consolidated). Vivakor manages and consolidates RPC Design and Manufacturing LLC, which includes a noncontrolling interest investment from Vivaopportunity Fund, LLC, which is also managed by Vivaventures Management Company, Inc. Vivakor has common officers with and consolidates Viva Wealth Fund I, LLC.

Business Overview

Vivakor, Inc. is a socially responsible operator, acquirer and developer of clean energy technologies and environmental solutions, primarily focused on soil remediation. We specialize in the remediation of soil and the extraction of hydrocarbons, such as oil, from properties contaminated by or laden with heavy crude oil and other hydrocarbon-based substances.

We are focused on the remediation of contaminated soil and water resulting from either man-made spills or naturally occurring deposits of oil. Our primary focus has been the remediation of oil spills resulting from the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and naturally occurring oil sands deposits in the Uinta basin located in Eastern Utah. We plan to expand into other markets, both domestically and globally, where we believe our technology and services will provide a distinct competitive advantage over our competition.

Recent Developments

Off-Take Agreement

On April 26, 2022, our subsidiary Vivaventures Energy Group, Inc., entered into a Product Off-Take Agreement (the “Off-Take Agreement”), with Hot Oil Transport, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company (“HOT”). Pursuant to the Off-Take Agreement, the Company plans to produce asphalt that meets the specifications for PG 64-22 grade, as set forth by the Nevada Department of Transportation and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (the “Product”) from a to-be-scaled processing plant to be located in Uintah County, Utah, and as may be relocated from time to time by the Company (the “Plant”). HOT will be obligated to purchase from the Company certain quantities of the Product from the Plant once the Plant begins to produce the Product, on the terms and conditions set forth in the Off-Take Agreement.

The quantity of the Product to be sold and purchased pursuant to this Agreement will be (i) 1,000 tons of the Product per week, or (ii) the entirety of any lesser amount that may be produced by the Company during any given week. HOT will also have the first right of refusal to purchase all or any portion of additional Product that may be produced by the Company within the state of Utah upon the same terms and conditions, except that the purchase price shall be at market rate as determined in the Company’s sole discretion.

Pursuant to the Off-Take Agreement, the rates for the sale and purchase of up to 1,000 tons of Product per week will be determined on the basis of an average 1,000 tons per week, a price per ton using the “Argus Rockies Rail Low” price for asphalt in the Rocky Mountain region as set forth in the most recent edition of Argus Americas Asphalt report, produced by Argus Media Group, as of the date of delivery (the “Unit Price”). Once calculated, the weekly purchase price will be reduced by $1,500 in order to compensate Buyer for costs associated with testing, providing storage tanks for Buyer’s minimum quantity purchases, and certifying the quality of the Product, for so long as Buyer is providing the testing facilities for the Product. As noted above, the purchase price for any Product over 1,000 tons per week will be at market rate, as determined by the Company. In the event the Unit Price drops below $250, the Company will have the right to suspend production of the Product upon written notice to HOT.

The Off-Take Agreement provides for an initial term of ten years. The Off-Take Agreement will automatically renew for two successive ten-year terms, subject to the Company’s right to continue operating at the current Plant site, unless either party terminates the Off-Take Agreement by written notice to the other party not less than three months prior to the expiration of the term. During a term, the Off-Take Agreement can only be terminated for (i) abandonment or termination of Project by the Company; (ii) default by the other party; or (iii) in connection with occurrence of a force majeure.

Acquisition of Silver Fuels Delhi, LLC and White Claw Colorado City, LLC

On June 15, 2022, we entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “MIPA”), with Jorgan Development, LLC, a Louisiana limited liability company ("Jorgan") and JBAH Holdings, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“JBAH” and, together with Jorgan, the “Sellers”), as the equity holders of Silver Fuels Delhi, LLC, a Louisiana limited liability company (“SFD”) and White Claw Colorado City, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“WCCC”) whereby, at closing, which occurred on August 1, 2022, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding membership interests in each of SFD and WCCC (the “Membership Interests”), making SFD and WCCC wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company (the “Silver Fuels and White Claw Acquisition”). The purchase price for the Membership Interests was approximately $37.4 million, subject to post-closing adjustments, and was paid by the Company to the Sellers in a combination of 3,009,552 shares of the Common Stock valued at an aggregate of $4,278,655, (the “Purchaser Stock Consideration”), secured three-year promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $28,664,284 (the “Notes”), and the assumption of certain liabilities of SFD and WCCC. The shares of Common Stock comprising the Purchaser Stock Consideration represented 19.99% of the number of issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock immediately prior to issuance and were valued at the volume-weighted average price for the Company’s Common Stock on Nasdaq during the five trading days immediately preceding the closing date. In conjunction with the closing, Sellers entered into lock-up agreements for a period of up to 18 months with regard to the Purchaser Stock Consideration (the “Lock-up Agreements”).

The MIPA contains customary representations and warranties, pre- and post-closing covenants of each party and customary closing condition.

The principal amount of the Notes, together with any and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, will be paid to the Sellers on a monthly basis in an amount equal to the Monthly Free Cash Flow beginning on September 20, 2022, and continuing thereafter on the twentieth (20^th) calendar day of each calendar month thereafter, as set forth in the MIPA.

Without in any way limiting the foregoing, the then outstanding principal amount of the Notes, together with any and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, will be due and payable in full in cash or unrestricted common stock of the Company on or prior to the three-year anniversary of the date of issuance, as set forth in the MIPA.

The obligations of the Company under the MIPA are secured by the membership units of SFD and WCCC.

The timely and full payment of any and all principal, interest and other amounts due and owing to the Sellers pursuant to the Notes and the other transaction documents and the payment of any and all other obligations owed to the Sellers by the Company under the Notes or thereunder are guaranteed solely by, and to the extent set forth in, the Guaranty Agreements between each of the Sellers and SFD and WCCC.

SFD owns and operates a crude oil gathering, storage, and transportation facility located on approximately 9.3 acres near Delhi, Louisiana. Under existing agreements, a subsidiary of a large NYSE traded energy company (the “Purchaser”) is obligated to purchase blended crude oil from SFD in amounts up to 60,000 barrels per month. With prior approval, SFD is eligible to sell to the Purchaser amounts greater than 60,000 barrels of crude oil per month. Additionally, for a period of 10 years, SFD is, under existing crude oil supply agreements with WC Crude, guaranteed a minimum gross margin of $5.00 per barrel on all quantities of blended crude oil sold thereunder. At present, SFD is blending and selling approximately 1,400 to 1,700 barrels of blended crude oil on a daily basis. Additionally, the acquisition of SFD would provide the Company with the infrastructure needed to place a Remediation Processing Machine (“RPC”) to clean soil which has been contaminated by hydrocarbons as well as tank bottom sludge. Management believes SFD’s location in the heart of the Smackover formation would provide the Company with access to significant amounts of tank bottom sludge and contaminated soil.

WCCC owns a 120,000 barrel crude oil storage tank, in the heart of the Permian Basin, located near Colorado City, Texas. The storage tank is presently connected to the Lotus pipeline system and the Company intends to further connect the tank to major pipeline systems. Under the terms of an existing agreement, WC Crude has agreed to lease the oil storage tank for a period of 10 years. As with SFD, WCCC would provide the Company with the infrastructure to blend and sell oil which has been recovered via a RPC machine from tank bottom sludge and contaminated soil which exists in the Permian Basin.

This disclosure should be read in connection with, and is subject to, the MIPA, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 2.1.

COVID-19

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) declared the COVID-19 outbreak to be a global pandemic. In addition to the devastating effects on human life, the pandemic is having a negative ripple effect on the global economy, leading to disruptions and volatility in the global financial markets. Most U.S. states and many countries have issued policies intended to stop or slow the further spread of the disease.

Our Kuwait operations were suspended to comply with the social distancing measures implemented in Kuwait. Our Utah operations were temporarily suspended from March through May 2020, but have since resumed in full. Kuwait has allowed for the Company to obtain site personnel visas to recommence operations. These suspensions have had a negative impact on our business and there can be no guaranty that we will not need to suspend operations again in the future as a result of the pandemic.

COVID-19 and the U.S. response to the pandemic are significantly affecting the economy. There are no comparable events that provide guidance as to the effect the COVID-19 pandemic may have in the long-term, and, as a result, the ultimate effect of the pandemic is highly uncertain and subject to change. We do not yet know the full extent of the effects on the economy, the markets we serve, our business, or our operations.

Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. Material changes in our Statement of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are discussed below.

Revenue

For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 we realized revenues of none and $22,000, respectively, representing a decrease of $22,000 or 100%. For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 we realized revenues of none and $117,000, respectively, representing a decrease of $117,000 or 100%. The decrease in revenue is primarily attributed to our decision to divert our resources away from our precious metals business that we entered into during COVID-19 mandated shutdowns, and back to its primary remediation business and the manufacturing and site preparations for reopening our Remediation Processing Centers (RPCs) for remediation and production. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, approximately 99% of our revenues were realized from precious metal sales from our business plan of buying and selling precious metal commodities on the open market during the COVID-19 pandemic while our remediation operations were shut down or delayed. These precious metals were acquired for immediate resale, with us acting as intermediary and never keeping an inventory of precious metals.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 we realized revenues of $1,088,428 and $1,457,781, respectively, representing a decrease of $369,353 or 25.34%. The decrease in revenue is primarily attributed to reopening of our Vernal site for quality control operations for the latter course of 2020 and 2021, thereby the Company diverted its resources to its primary business of manufacturing an operating RPCs for remediation and preparing our Vernal site for production. 99% of our revenues were realized from precious metal sales from our business plan of buying and selling precious metal commodities on the open market during the COVID-19 pandemic while our remediation operations were shut down or delayed. These precious metals having been acquired for immediate resale, with the Company acting as intermediary and never keeping an inventory of precious metals. We also realized revenues of $54,250 for the sale to a related party of our precious metal concentrate produced from our own precious metal extraction operations. We also received a payment of $6,000 pursuant to our Kuwait contract for remediation services as described above, and we sold $7,735 of extracted test material from our second RPC located in Utah.

Cost of Revenue

Our cost of revenues consisted primarily of costs associated with selling our precious metals on the open market and precious metal commodity broker fees.

For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 costs of revenue were none and $20,530, respectively, representing a decrease of $20,530 or 100%. For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 costs of revenue were none and $112,450, respectively, representing a decrease of $112,450 or 100%. The decrease in the cost of revenue directly relates to costs associated with selling our precious metals on the open market and precious metal commodity broker fees. As the decrease in revenue is primarily attributed to our decision to divert its resources away from our precious metals business in 2022 that was entered into during COVID-19 mandated shutdowns, and back to our primary remediation business, and the manufacturing an site preparations for reopening our RPCs for remediation and production, we did not realize costs of revenue from precious metal sales from buying and selling precious metal commodities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 costs of revenue were $1,050,676 and $1,356,378, respectively, representing a decrease of $305,702 or 22.54%. The decrease in the cost of revenue directly relates to costs associated with selling our precious metals on the open market and precious metal commodity broker fees. In 2021, the Company diverted its resources to its primary business of manufacturing an operating RPCs for remediation and preparing our Vernal site for production. The Company realized costs of revenue from precious metal sales from our business plan of buying and selling precious metal commodities on the open market while our remediation operations were shut down or delayed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 we realized gross profit of none and $1,470, respectively, representing a decrease of $1,470 or 100%. For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 we realized gross profit of none and $4,550, respectively, representing a decrease of $4,550 or 100%. The gross profit decreased in proportion to the revenue and costs of revenue related to the purchase and sale of precious metals as described above.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 we realized gross profit of $37,752 and $101,403, respectively, representing a decrease of $63,651 or 62.77%. The gross profit decreased in proportion to the revenue and costs of revenue related to the purchase and sale of precious metals as described above.

Our gross margin will continue to be affected by a variety of factors that include the market prices of precious metals, the volume hydrocarbons produced by our RPC units, the number of RPC units placed into production, and our ability to raise capital to continue to fund our operations and RPC unit manufacturing.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist primarily of marketing, general and administrative expenses, bad debt expense, and amortization and depreciation expense. Marketing expenses include marketing fees of company representatives for marketing the business and is products and services as well as investor customer service. General and administrative expenses include professional services and legal fees associated with the costs for services in finance, accounting, administrative activities and the formation and compliance of a public company. Bad debt expense includes the expense associated with assets that management analyses and estimates may be uncollectible. Amortization and depreciation expense uses the useful life of the asset to calculate the amortization or depreciation expense in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and management’s judgment.

For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we realized operating expenses of $3,600,600 and $1,726,096, which represents an increase of $1,618,766, or 108.60%. For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we realized operating expenses of $5,479,964 and $3,865,748, which represents an increase of $1,618,766, or 41.92%. The increase in our operating expenses were mainly attributed to accrued signing bonuses and employee stock options that were issued related to the executive employment agreements entered into in June 2022 after the Company’ successful underwritten public offering of gross proceeds of $8.0 million and uplist to Nasdaq in February 2022. Whereas prior to the underwritten public offering and uplist to Nasdaq, the executive employment agreements had no signing bonuses, paid the executives $50,000 per year, and only one executive had a stock option grant. Although the executives are currently accruing substantial portions of their wages and signing bonuses to assist the Company, the new employment agreements issued stock options to all executives, increased annual wages for all executives, and the company paid or accrued signing bonuses of $225,000, For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we realized employee stock option expense of $1,229,175 and $111,528, which represents an increase of $1,121,466, or 1,002.1% increase. For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we realized employee stock option expense of $1,321,466 and $200,000, which represents an increase of $1,121,466, or 561% increase.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we realized operating expenses of $6,963,668 and $4,949,795, which represents an increase of $2,013,873, or 40.69%. Our operating expenses increased due to increased professional service expenses in regards to audit, tax, and legal expense in relation to our registration statement, its amendments, and in preparing for an underwritten public offering of our common stock, including our preparations for an uplist of our common stock to a senior stock exchange. We also organized and commenced operations of VWFI in the fourth quarter of 2020, which contributed to the approximately $1.4 million in professional service expense, and operations, for startup and management of that entity in 2021.

Other income and expense

For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, other expense was $1,627,263 and $9,096,785, which represents a decrease of $7,469,522, or 82.11%. The decrease is mainly attributed to unrealized loss of $1,652,755 and $8,949,169 on marketable securities, which represents a decrease of $7,296,414, or 81.53% in marketable securities. For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, other income (expense) was $(473,134) and $3,435,175, which represents a decrease of $3,908,309, or 113.77%. The decrease in other income is mainly attributed to unrealized gain (loss) of $(413,189) and 3,734,275 on marketable securities, which represents a decrease of $4,147,464, or 111.06% in marketable securities. These securities were accounted for at a fair value based on the quoted prices in the active markets and fluctuate based on market prices of the securities.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we realized interest income of $3,312 and $35,344, which represents a decrease of $32,032, or 90.63%. The decrease in interest income is mainly attributed to the conversion of the Odyssey note receivable in September 2020, when we converted $809,578 of our note receivable with Odyssey into 809,578 shares of Odyssey common stock pursuant to the terms of the note. In August 2021, we also converted $81,768 of our note receivable with Scepter into 26,376,882 shares of Scepter common stock pursuant to the terms of the note.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we realized interest expense of $501,598 and $86,162, which represents an increase of $415,436, or 482.16%. The increase in interest expense is mainly attributable to the Company entering into loans and notes payable to cover operating expenses during the COVID-19 pandemic throughout 2020 and 2021, and our commencement our VWFI $25,000,000 private placement offering to sell convertible promissory notes, which accrue interest at 12% per annum, and convert to VWFI LLC units after six months. The proceeds of the VWFI offering are used to manufacture RPCs. VWFI has reached $6,250,000 in funding and has released the funding for construction of RPC Series A, and commenced fundraising for RPC Series B. Approximately $487,000 in interest has accrued, which is made up of approximately $398,000 capitalized for the construction RPCs, and $89,000 of interest expense, all of which is related to the VWFI offering for the year ended December 31, 2021. Throughout 2020, the Company entered into loans and notes payable to cover operating expenses during the COVID-19 pandemic, which temporarily suspended our operations in Utah and continues to suspend our operations in Kuwait. Interest of approximately $179,000 and amortized loan discounts of approximately of $194,000 are attributed to these loans for the year ended December 31, 2021.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the company reported an unrealized loss of $1,094,054, and an unrealized gain $2,614,338 on marketable securities, which represents a decrease of $3,708,392, or 141.85%. Our marketable securities in Odyssey Group International, Inc. (Ticker: ODYY, OTC Markets) and Scepter Holdings, Inc. (Ticker: BRZL, OTC Markets) were considered to be traded on an active market and were accounted for at a fair value based on the quoted prices in the active markets resulting in aggregate unrealized gains as noted above. The increase is also attributed to the fact that our marketable securities holdings in Scepter Holdings, Inc. were accounted for under the equity method of accounting until the fourth quarter of 2020 when the Company was diluted to an approximate 19% holding of Scepter on a diluted basis, and thereby these securities were accounted for at a fair value based on the quoted prices in the active markets, which resulted in the Company recording an unrealized loss on marketable securities of $1,297,594 and an unrealized gain of $2,670,536 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. In January 2020, the Odyssey securities were considered to be traded on an active market and were accounted for at a fair value based on the quoted prices in the active markets. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 we recorded an unrealized gain of $203,540 and an unrealized loss of $56,198 on these marketable securities for the years ended December 31, 2020. In December 2021 we sold such shares of Odyssey in a private transaction for a purchase price of $860,491, reflecting the market price at that time.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded a gain of $87,044 and a loss of $121,428 on the conversion of notes receivable, which represents an increase of $208,472, or 171.68%. In August 2021 we converted $81,768 of our note receivable with Scepter into 26,376,882 shares of Scepter common stock pursuant to the terms of the note at $0.0031 per share. On the date of the conversion, the Scepter price per share on OTC Markets was $0.0062 per share, which resulted in a $87,044 gain on the disposition of the note receivable. In June 2020 we converted $809,578 of our note receivable with Odyssey into 809,578 shares of Odyssey common stock pursuant to the terms of the note at $1.00 per share. On the date of the conversion, the Odyssey price per share on OTC Markets was $0.85 per share, which resulted in a $121,428 loss on the disposition of the note receivable.

Provision for income tax

The Company recorded an income tax provision of none and $296,477 for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, representing a decrease of $296,477 or 100%. The Company recorded an income tax provision of $800 and $723,911 for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, representing a decrease of $723,111 or 99.89%. The effective tax rate as of June 30, 2022 and 2021 was (0.04)% and 9.18%. The difference in effective tax rate was primarily due to the decrease in unrealized gains on marketable securities for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $1,050,207 and a tax provision of $466,964 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for 2021 and 2020 was 16.48% and -21.96%, which was the result of the benefit of book losses offset by an additional valuation allowance on the net operating losses.

Cash flows

The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 as presented below:

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have historically suffered net losses and cumulative negative cash flows from operations and, as of June 30, 2022 and 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $41.2 million and $30.1 million.

As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $5,204,591 and $1,493,719, with $296,257 and $199,952 attributed to variable interest entities, respectively.

To date we have financed our operations primarily through debt financing, private equity offerings and our working interest agreements, although on February 14, 2022, the Company closed an underwritten public offering of 1,600,000 shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $5.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $8.0 million, prior to deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, and other offering expenses. The Company's Common Stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “VIVK”.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, our net cash used in operating activities was driven by the consolidated net loss of $5,953,898 and 1,149,934, which change is mainly attributed to unfavorable changes in the market which decreased unrealized gains on marketable securities and the increase in stock-based compensation as described above.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, our net cash used in investing activities was mainly attributed to our purchase of equipment of $1,129,515 and $1,334,123 related to the manufacturing of our RPCs.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, our net cash provided by our financing activities was mainly attributed to proceeds of $1,968,261 and $6,666,811 related to the issuance of convertible bridge notes and other loans, and in 2022, proceeds of $6,240,000 from the February 14, 2022 underwritten public offering of 1,600,000 shares of common stock. We made distributions to noncontrolling interests of $343,889 and none for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. We also made payments on notes payable of $277,145 and $2,464 for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

There are no further existing firm obligations; however we anticipate further construction costs of approximately $1.35 million in connection with our construction in process of our RPCs.

Our ability to continue to access capital could be affected adversely by various factors, including general market and other economic conditions, interest rates, the perception of our potential future earnings and cash distributions, any unwillingness on the part of lenders to make loans to us and any deterioration in the financial position of lenders that might make them unable to meet their obligations to us. If we cannot generate or raise capital through scaled up operations of our sites, or from further public or private debt financings, equity offerings, or other means, our ability to grow our business may be negatively affected.

We believe the liquid assets of the Company give it adequate working capital to finance our day-to-day operations for at least twelve months through August 2023.

Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2022 are for operating lease liabilities for office and warehouse space, which leases end in 2024 and 2025. Operating lease obligations as of June 30, 2022 are as follows:

Interest Rate and Market Risk

Our financing arrangements are not subject to variable interest rates of the prime rate or LIBOR.

Inflation

Inflation generally will cause suppliers to increase their rates. In connection with such rate increases, we may or may not be able to increase our pricing to consumers. Inflation could cause both our investment and cost of revenue to increase, thereby lowering our return on investment and depressing our gross margins.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

None.

Critical Accounting Policies & Use of Estimates

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements included in this report, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. For further information on the critical accounting policies see Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, sales and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Estimates by their nature are based on judgments and available information. Our estimates are made based upon historical factors, current circumstances and the experience and judgment of management. Assumptions and estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis, and we may employ outside experts to assist in evaluations. Therefore, actual results could materially differ from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions. We believe our critical accounting estimates relate to the following: Recoverability of current and noncurrent assets, revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, income taxes, effective interest rates related to long-term debt, marketable securities, lease assets and liabilities, equity method investments, valuation of stock used to acquire assets, and derivatives.

BUSINESS

Overview

Vivakor, Inc. is a socially responsible operator, acquirer and developer of clean energy technologies and environmental solutions, primarily focused on soil remediation. We specialize in the remediation of soil and the extraction of hydrocarbons, such as oil, from properties contaminated by or laden with heavy crude oil and other hydrocarbon-based substances. Our patented process allows us to successfully recover the hydrocarbons which we believe could then be used to produce asphaltic cement and/or other petroleum-based products.

We are focused on the remediation of contaminated soil and water resulting from either man-made spills or naturally occurring deposits of oil. Our primary focus has been the remediation of oil spills resulting from the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and naturally occurring oil sands deposits in the Uinta basin located in Eastern Utah. We plan to expand into other markets, both in Utah and globally, where we believe our technology and services will provide a distinct competitive advantage over our competition.

Our current focus is on the clean-up of greater than 7% hydrocarbon contaminated soil located in Kuwait as a result of the Iraqi invasion, and naturally occurring oil sands deposits in Utah. We have deployed two RPC units to date including one unit to Kuwait (for which operations were temporarily suspended due to COVID-19) and another to Vernal, Utah (which is presently operating). We expect to deploy two additional RCPs to Vernal, Utah and believe that there may be an opportunity to deploy additional RPCs in Utah as well as to Kuwait and the Middle East.

Recent Developments

Off-Take Agreement

On April 26, 2022, our subsidiary Vivaventures Energy Group, Inc., entered into a Product Off-Take Agreement (the “Off-Take Agreement”), with Hot Oil Transport, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company (“HOT”). Pursuant to the Off-Take Agreement, the Company plans to produce asphalt that meets the specifications for PG 64-22 grade, as set forth by the Nevada Department of Transportation and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (the “Product”) from a to-be-scaled processing plant to be located in Uintah County, Utah, and as may be relocated from time to time by the Company (the “Plant”). HOT will be obligated to purchase from the Company certain quantities of the Product from the Plant once the Plant begins to produce the Product, on the terms and conditions set forth in the Off-Take Agreement.

The quantity of the Product to be sold and purchased pursuant to this Agreement will be (i) 1,000 tons of the Product per week, or (ii) the entirety of any lesser amount that may be produced by the Company during any given week. HOT will also have the first right of refusal to purchase all or any portion of additional Product that may be produced by the Company within the state of Utah upon the same terms and conditions, except that the purchase price shall be at market rate as determined in the Company’s sole discretion.

Pursuant to the Off-Take Agreement, the rates for the sale and purchase of up to 1,000 tons of Product per week will be determined on the basis of an average 1,000 tons per week, a price per ton using the “Argus Rockies Rail Low” price for asphalt in the Rocky Mountain region as set forth in the most recent edition of Argus Americas Asphalt report, produced by Argus Media Group, as of the date of delivery (the “Unit Price”). Once calculated, the weekly purchase price will be reduced by $1,500 in order to compensate Buyer for costs associated with testing, providing storage tanks for Buyer’s minimum quantity purchases, and certifying the quality of the Product, for so long as Buyer is providing the testing facilities for the Product. As noted above, the purchase price for any Product over 1,000 tons per week will be at market rate, as determined by the Company. In the event the Unit Price drops below $250, the Company will have the right to suspend production of the Product upon written notice to HOT.

The Off-Take Agreement provides for an initial term of ten years. The Off-Take Agreement will automatically renew for two successive ten-year terms, subject to the Company’s right to continue operating at the current Plant site, unless either party terminates the Off-Take Agreement by written notice to the other party not less than three months prior to the expiration of the term. During a term, the Off-Take Agreement can only be terminated for (i) abandonment or termination of Project by the Company; (ii) default by the other party; or (iii) in connection with occurrence of a force majeure.

Acquisition of Silver Fuels Delhi, LLC and White Claw Colorado City, LLC

On August 1, 2022, the Company, Jorgan Development, LLC, a Louisiana limited liability company ("Jorgan") and JBAH Holdings, LLC, a Texas limited liability company ("JBAH" and, together with Jorgan, the "Sellers"), as the equity holders of Silver Fuels Delhi, LLC, a Louisiana limited liability company ("SFD") and White Claw Colorado City, LLC, a Texas limited liability company ("WCCC" ) closed under the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement among them dated June 15, 2022 (the “MIPA”). In accordance with the terms of the MIPA, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding membership interests in each of SFD and WCCC (the “Membership Interests”), making SFD and WCCC wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company. The purchase price for the Membership Interests was approximately $37.4 million, subject to post-closing adjustments, and was paid by the Company to the Sellers in a combination of 3,009,552 shares of Common Stock valued at an aggregate of $4,278,655, (the "Purchaser Stock Consideration"), secured three-year promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $28,664,284 (the “Notes”), and the assumption of certain liabilities of SFD and WCCC. The Common Stock comprising the Purchaser Stock Consideration represented 19.99% of the number of issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock immediately prior to issuance and were valued at the volume-weighted average price for the Company’s Common Stock on Nasdaq during the five trading days immediately preceding the closing date. In conjunction with the closing, Sellers entered into lock-up agreements for a period of up to 18 months with regard to the Purchaser Stock Consideration (the “Lock-up Agreements”).

The purchase price was based on the assumption that the net working capital of SFD and WCCC, in the aggregate and as of closing would be equal to One Hundred Fifty Thousand and No/100s United States Dollars ($150,000.00 USD) (the "Target Working Capital Amount"). If the aggregate net working capital of SFD and WCCC turns out to be lower than the Target Working Capital Amount (a “Working Capital Deficit”) the purchase price will be decreased by an amount equal to the Working Capital Deficit. If the aggregate net working capital of SFD and WCCC turns out to be higher than the Target Working Capital Amount (a “Working Capital Surplus”) then the then the purchase price will be increased by an amount equal to the Working Capital Surplus. The amount of any Working Capital Deficit will be payable by Sellers to the Company by reducing the aggregate principal amount of the Notes and the amount of any Working Capital Surplus will be payable by the Company to Sellers by increasing the aggregate principal amount of the Notes.

Under the MIPA, the Company has committed to make the Threshold Payment Amount to Sellers on or before the 18-month anniversary of the closing date. "Threshold Payment Amount" means an amount remitted to Sellers, collectively, equal to Sixteen Million Four Hundred Seventy-One Thousand Four Hundred Sixty -Nine and 50/100s U.S. Dollars ($16,471,469.50), solely and exclusively as the sum of (a) any payments of principal to Sellers under the Notes, whether in cash or unrestricted common stock, and (b) the value of any other unrestricted common stock issued to Sellers, including any Purchaser Stock Consideration which may become unrestricted common stock. The Threshold Payment is subject to adjustment in connection with any working capital or similar adjustments to the purchase price.

Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained in the MIPA or any other transaction document, prior to Sellers' receipt of the Threshold Payment Amount, upon a Seller exercising its rights pursuant to a Pledge Agreement among the Company and the Seller in accordance with its terms, the Company and the Sellers have agreed that the sole and exclusive remedy of the parties will be to unwind the MIPA transaction (the “Unwinding”). In any such Unwinding, the Membership Interests will be transferred to Sellers and Sellers will assign and transfer to the Company, the number of shares of common stock of the Company constituting the Purchaser Stock Consideration and any other amounts (the “Pre-Payment Amounts”) paid to Sellers by the Company above and beyond the monthly amounts required to be paid to Sellers under the Notes. Any such Pre-Payment Amounts shall be returned to the Company (i) in cash, if originally remitted to Sellers in cash, (ii) in Company common stock, if originally remitted to Sellers in Company common stock, or (iii) to the extent Company common stock was originally remitted to Sellers, but such stock was sold, margined, or hypothecated by Sellers, in cash at the value attributed to such Purchaser Common Stock at the time of its issuance or transfer to Sellers. Notwithstanding the foregoing, subsequent to the receipt of the Threshold Payment Amount, no Seller shall have any right to initiate an Unwinding.

In connection with the MIPA closing, the Company agreed to file registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, for the resale of the shares of Common Stock issued to the Sellers within 45 days of such closing and to use its best efforts to have the registration statement declared effective as soon thereafter as is practical.

The MIPA contains customary representations and warranties, pre- and post-closing covenants of each party and customary closing condition.

The principal amount of the Notes, together with any and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, will be paid to the Sellers on a monthly basis in an amount equal to the Monthly Free Cash Flow beginning September 20, 2022, and continuing thereafter on the twentieth (20^th) calendar day of each calendar month thereafter. Monthly Free Cash Flow means, for any calendar month, an amount equal to the cash proceeds received by SFD and WCCC from the product of (a) the sum of (i) SFD’s and WCCC’s gross revenue (including service revenue, rents, inventory sales and any other revenues agreed upon in writing by the Company and the Sellers ), in each case determined in accordance with GAAP and derived from SFD’s and WCCC’s monthly unaudited financial statements prepared in the ordinary course of business, minus (ii) SFD’s and WCCC’s operating expenses (excluding all interest expense, amortization, and depreciation), selling, general and administrative expenses, capital expenditures (including, but not limited to, maintenance capital expenditures and expenditures for personal protective equipment, additions to the land/current facilities and pipeline connections) and costs of goods sold, in each case determined in accordance with GAAP and derived from SFD’s and WCCC’s monthly unaudited financial statements prepared in the ordinary course of business, plus (iii) the net proceeds of any dispositions of property, plant, equipment or other assets of SFD and WCCC, in each case determined in accordance with GAAP and derived from SFD’s and WCCC’s monthly unaudited financial statements prepared in the ordinary course of business, minus (iv) any payments on capital lease obligations of SFD and WCCC, in each case determined in accordance with GAAP and derived from SFD’s and WCCC’s monthly unaudited financial statements prepared in the ordinary course of business, and minus (v) any extraordinary expenses incurred by SFD and WCCC (or by the Company for the benefit of SFD and WCCC) that are approved in writing by the Sellers, multiplied by (b) ninety-nine percent (99%) in the case of Jorgan and one percent (1%) in the case of JBAH; provided, however, that the Monthly Free Cash Flow will be calculated so as to eliminate the effect of: (A) premiums and other payments in excess of principal and accrued interest associated with the retirement of debt (including, without limitation, payments of income taxes incurred in connection therewith); and (B) tax payments or benefits associated with gains or losses on business divestitures in calculating net cash from operating activities.

Without in any way limiting the foregoing, the then outstanding principal amount of the Notes, together with any and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, will be due and payable in full in cash or unrestricted common stock of the Company on or prior to the three-year anniversary of the date of issuance. Subject to the limitations set forth below, the Company will have the right, but not the obligation, to make payments of principal and interest under the Notes on any payment date via physical delivery to the Sellers of shares of the Company’s unrestricted common stock. Any unrestricted common stock delivered to the Sellers will be valued at the volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock on Nasdaq (or the Company’s then principal trading market) during the five (5) trading days immediately preceding the applicable payment date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the Company may not issue any shares of unrestricted common stock to the Sellers without first complying with the provisions of Nasdaq Rule 5635(d), (ii) with respect to any payment of Monthly Free Cash Flow, no more than fifty percent (50%) of the amount of such Monthly Free Cash Flow may be paid to the Sellers via delivery of unrestricted common stock without the prior written approval of the Sellers and (iii) no more than fifty percent (50%) of the original principal amount of each of the Notes may be paid to the Sellers via delivery of unrestricted common stock without the prior written approval of the Sellers. Each payment of Monthly Cash Flow pursuant to the Notes (whether in cash, shares of the Company’s unrestricted common stock or any combination of the foregoing) shall be applied to the payment of the obligations of the Company under the Notes as follows: (i) first, to the payment of any costs, expenses or other amounts (other than principal and interest) owed to the Sellers thereunder; (ii) second, to the payment of any and all accrued and unpaid interest; and (iii) thereafter, to the payment of the then outstanding principal amount of the Notes. Subject to the limitations set forth above, the Company may pre-pay the Notes, in whole or in part, in cash or unrestricted common stock without penalty or premium at any time.

Until such time as the Sellers have received the indefeasible payment in full of the Threshold Payment Amount, the timely and full payment of any and all principal, interest and other amounts due and owing to the Sellers pursuant to the Notes and the other transaction documents and the payment of any and all other obligations owed to the Sellers by the Company under the Notes or thereunder shall be secured solely by, and to the extent set forth in, the Pledge Agreements between the Company and each of Jorgan and JBAH. The Pledge Agreements will terminate upon the earliest to occur of (A) the indefeasible payment in full of all of the Company’s obligations under the Notes and the Pledge Agreements, (B) the indefeasible payment in full to Jorgan and JBAH of the Threshold Payment Amount or (C) following the occurrence and continuance of an event of default thereunder or under the Notes and the exercise by Jorgan and JBAH of their right to effect a transfer of the collateral pursuant to the terms thereof, the execution and/or delivery of the pledged materials by the Company to Jorgan and JBAH in accordance with the Pledge Agreements and the MIPA.

The timely and full payment of any and all principal, interest and other amounts due and owing to the Sellers pursuant to the Notes and the other transaction documents and the payment of any and all other obligations owed to the Sellers by the Company under the Notes or thereunder are guaranteed solely by, and to the extent set forth in, the Guaranty Agreements between each of the Sellers and SFD and WCCC.

In conjunction with the August 1, 2022 closing under the MIPA, SFD, WCCC and the Company entered into a Shared Services Agreement with Endeavor Crude, LLC, a Texas limited liability company affiliated with the Sellers (“Endeavor”), under which Endeavor is providing certain operating and administrative services to SFD and WCCC. The Shared Services Agreement has a term ending on the earlier of (a) December 31, 2031, (b) an event of default under the Shared Services Agreement, (c) termination at the sole discretion of SFD and WCCC upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to Endeavor, or (d) a change in control of SFD and WCCC.

In conjunction with the August 1, 2022 closing under the MIPA, SFD, WCCC and the Company (collectively, the “Buyer Group”) entered into a Master Netting Agreement (the “Netting Agreement”) with Jorgan, JBAH, Endeavor and White Claw Crude, LLC (collectively, the “Seller Group”) under which all amounts owed to the Seller Group by the Buyer Group as a result of all Contracts during a given calendar month (the "Aggregate Amount(s) Owed Seller Group") shall be netted against all amounts owed to Buyer Group by Seller Group as a result of all Contracts during the same calendar month (the "Aggregate Amount(s) Owed Buyer Group"), and the resulting net amount (the "Net Settlement Amount") shall be payable either from Seller Group to Buyer Group (if the Aggregate Amount Owed Buyer Group exceeds the Aggregate Amount Owed Seller Group) or from Buyer Group to Seller Group (if the Aggregate Amount Owed Seller Group exceeds the Aggregate Amount Owed Buyer Group). For purposes of the foregoing, Contracts means the MIPA, the Notes, the Pledge Agreements, the Shared Services Agreement, the Crude Petroleum Supply Agreement dated January 1, 2021, by and between White Claw Crude, LLC, and SFD, as amended, and the Oil Storage Agreement dated January 1, 2021, by and between White Claw Crude, LLC, as Shipper, and WCCC, as Operator, as amended. The Net Settlement Amount shall be paid by the owing Group to the other Group by wire transfer on or before the 20th day of the month succeeding the invoiced month. The Netting Agreement will remain in effect until the earlier to occur of (a) an event of default under the Netting Agreement (subject to the discretion of the non-defaulting Group), or (b) the termination of all the Contracts pursuant to their terms and provision, or (c) termination by mutual agreement of the parties; provided, however, that any such termination will not cancel the netting arrangement provided for therein with respect to obligations or transactions which arise prior to the termination date, unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the parties; provided further, that such termination of the Netting Agreement shall not affect the continuing validity or enforcement of obligations owed under the Contracts.

Effective January 1, 2021, WCC, in the capacity of operator, entered into an Oil Storage Agreement with White Claw Crude, LLC ( “WC Crude”), in the capacity of shipper, under which WC Crude has the right, subject to the payment of service and maintenance fees, to store volumes of crude oil and other liquid hydrcarbons at a certain crude oil and liquid hydrocarbon receipt, storage, blending, throughput and delivery terminal operated by WCCC. Subject to possible termination upon an event of default, the Oil Storage Agreement expires on December 31, 2031.

Effective January 1, 2021, SFD entered into a Crude Petroleum Supply Agreement with WC Crude (the “Supply Agreement”) under which WC Crude supplies volumes of Crude Petroleum to SFD. Crude Petroleum means merchantable crude oil, condensate, natural gas liquids, and constituent liquid hydrocarbons acceptable to SFD, which may be blended by WC Crude from time to time in WC Crude’s reasonable discretion. WC Crude and SFD will be entering into a First Amendment to the Supply Agreement in conjunction with the closing under the MIPA. The Supply Agreement, as amended, will provide for the delivery to SFD of a minimum of 1,000 Sourced Barrels per day. Sourced Barrels means barrels purchased directly from WC Crude (“White Claw Barrels”) or from third parties (the “Sourced Parties”) sourced through WC Crude (“Third Party Barrels”). In the event that the price at which SFD resells White Claw Barrels or Third Party Barrels, as applicable, to third parties (the “Third Party Sales Price”) minus the per barrel cost paid by SFD when purchasing barrels from WC Crude or Sourced Parties (the "SFD Margin") is positive, but less than $5.00 per barrel, WC Crude will pay SFD $5.00 minus the SFD Margin, which amount will be multiplied by the number of barrels associated with the sale. In the event the SFD Margin is positive, but greater than $5.00 per barrel, SFD will pay White Claw a profit sharing payment in the amount equal to 10% of the SFD Margin minus $5.00 per barrel, which amount will be multiplied by the number of barrels associated with the sale. In the event the SFD Margin is negative, WC Crude will pay SFD the sum of the SFD Margin plus $5.00, which amount will be multiplied by the number of barrels associated with the sale.. For purposes of the foregoing calculation, the SFD Margin shall be treated as a positive number .If the average Sourced Barrels delivered per month is less than 1,000 Sourced Barrels per day, then WC Crude will pay SFD $5.00 per barrel of the deficient quantity multiplied by the number of days in the applicable month .Subject to earlier termination in connection with an event of default, the Supply Agreement, as amended, will remain in effect through and including December 31, 2031.

SFD owns and operates a crude oil gathering, storage, and transportation facility located on approximately 9.3 acres near Delhi, Louisiana. Under existing agreements, a subsidiary of a large NYSE traded energy company (the “Purchaser”) is obligated to purchase blended crude oil from SFD in amounts up to 60,000 barrels per month. With prior approval, SFD is eligible to sell to the Purchaser amounts greater than 60,000 barrels of crude oil per month. Additionally, for a period of 10 years, SFD is, under existing crude oil supply agreements with WC Crude, guaranteed a minimum gross margin of $5.00 per barrel on all quantities of blended crude oil sold thereunder. At present, SFD is blending and selling approximately 1,400 to 1,700 barrels of blended crude oil on a daily basis. Additionally, the acquisition of SFD would provide the Company with the infrastructure needed to place a Remediation Processing Machine (“RPC”) to clean soil which has been contaminated by hydrocarbons as well as tank bottom sludge. Management believes SFD’s location in the heart of the Smackover formation would provide the Company with access to significant amounts of tank bottom sludge and contaminated soil.

WCCC owns a 120,000 barrel crude oil storage tank, in the heart of the Permian Basin, located near Colorado City, Texas. The storage tank is presently connected to the Lotus pipeline system and the Company intends to further connect the tank to major pipeline systems. Under the terms of an existing agreement, WC Crude has agreed to lease the oil storage tank for a period of 10 years. As with SFD, WCCC would provide the Company with the infrastructure to blend and sell oil which has been recovered via a RPC machine from tank bottom sludge and contaminated soil which exists in the Permian Basin.

This disclosure should be read in connection with, and is subject to, the MIPA, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 2.1.

Our Technologies

We own and/or license a number of technologies that allow us to effectively operate our remediation and recovery business along with other technologies that provide synergies with our core business. The description of these various technologies follows.

Hydrocarbon Extraction Technology

In 2015, we acquired and improved technology aimed at remediating contaminated soil and recovering usable hydrocarbons, which we refer to as RPCs. We presently have two US patents and pending foreign applications related to our RPCs. Our RPCs each have the potential to clean a minimum of 20 tons of contaminated material per hour, depending on the oil contamination percentage in the processed material. Each RPC has the capacity to extract on a 24-hour operation 500 tons or more of contaminated material per day. The amount of extracted hydrocarbon recovered depends on the extent to which the material is contaminated. For example, we estimate that for every 480 tons of contaminated material processed per day that contains at least 10% oil, we will recover approximately 250 barrels of extracted hydrocarbons. The above example has been calculated as follows: contaminated material that is 10% oil is comprised of 200 pounds of oil per ton; one gallon of oil weighs 8.44 pounds, resulting in 23.69 gallons of oil per ton of contaminated material (200/8.44); there are 42 gallons per barrel, resulting in 0.56 barrels of oil per ton of contaminated material (23.69/42); 20 tons of contaminated material can typically be processed per hour, resulting in 11.2 barrels of oil per hour (0.56*20); and operations continue 24 hours per day, resulting in 268.8 barrels per day (11.2*24).

We believe our RPCs are significantly more advanced than other oil remediation technologies or offerings presently available on the market. Our RPCs have successfully cleaned contaminated soil containing greater than 7% hydrocarbon content, while, to our knowledge, our competitors are limited to projects containing less than 5% hydrocarbon contamination. We believe our ability to clean soil with higher percentages of hydrocarbon contamination is a distinctive advantage that will allow us to operate on a global basis in any location that has suffered from oil spills or naturally occurring oil sands deposits. While our primary focus and mandate will be on the manufacture and deployment of our RPCs, we intend to continue to develop, acquire or license additional clean energy technologies and environmental solutions that will directly enhance and expand our current technologies and service offerings.

We have designed our RPCs to provide an environmentally friendly solution to the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, as they do not utilize water. Our RPCs operate by loading contaminated soil onto a feeder and conveyor system that effectively delivers the material prepares the material into a fully contained, closed-loop system. Physical separation of the hydrocarbons from the contaminated soil does not utilize water or steam and is instead accomplished using a proprietary extraction fluid to dissolve the hydrocarbon components.

In the first stage of the process, hydrocarbon contaminated soil is mixed with our proprietary solvent which forms a slurry of sand, hydrocarbon and extraction fluid. This slurry moves from the mixing chamber into a separation chamber where the sand is separated from the hydrocarbon/extraction fluid mix by gravity. The soil is then dried and transported via a conveyer to a lined pit where extensive testing is performed to ensure the hydrocarbons have been properly removed. Meanwhile, the extracted hydrocarbon and solvent travels to a separate chamber where the hydrocarbons are separated from the extraction solvent. The solvent is then reclaimed.

The entire extraction process is completed in a series of sealed chambers. The reclaimed extraction fluid is then recycled back into the process, which ensures that no toxic chemicals are released into the soil or the environment. Upon completion of our remediation and separation process, the extracted hydrocarbons are placed into holding tanks to be picked up by our customers, while clean soil is returned to the environment.

Our RPCs are manufactured in Denver, Colorado. In the future, we expect to finance our RPCs through special purpose vehicles pursuant to 5-year sale/leaseback arrangements. In each instance, the special purpose vehicle will finance the RPC through third party investors, and we will act as the manager of such special purpose vehicle and we may hold an approximate 1% ownership interest. Management believes that utilizing this structure provides significant benefits to our shareholders, as these financings are less dilutive in nature.

Automation and Machine Learning

The RPC systems we build are automated and controlled by software enabling us to maximize efficiencies. We believe that these automations may ultimately allow us to operate the RPCs twenty-four hours a day, resulting in continuous feed capabilities that will allow us to manage our systems remotely world-wide. Each RPC unit is designed with a focus on automation to achieve our Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). We have deployed data analytics and machine learning, to enable operations to be predictive, reduce risk, improve safety, and reduce costs.

Metallic Separation Technology

In 2015, we obtained two metal extraction systems and a perpetual license to use the proprietary technology and machinery for extracting precious metals from sand-based ore materials for $7.6 million from Vivaventures Precious Metals, LLC (“VV Precious Metals”), pursuant to our loan outstanding to VV Precious Metals being extinguished. We also received a 75% ownership interest in the concentrated unrefined flakes of precious metals and rare earth minerals that had already been recovered from soils by VV Precious Metals through a royalty agreement. We divested our 39% interest in VV Precious Metals in July 2020. Such divestiture has had a de minimis impact on our business.

Our proprietary metallic separation technology uses a thermal vapor process to extract and process micro particles of precious metals and rare earth minerals, including gold, silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium from soils. After we complete our soil remediation services, we evaluate the post-remediated soil and, if we find that the soil contains more than 1% concentration of these metals, we process it through this technology to extract and concentrate these micro particles of precious metals and rare earth minerals into a concentrated, unrefined flake form.

If contracted to do so, our metal extraction systems allows us to provide precious metal extraction services on a service fee basis for customers. We also market and sell the precious metals we have extracted from our own contaminated soil. As we continue our efforts, we anticipate increased opportunities to monetize our precious metals end product.

Hydrocarbon Upgrading Technologies

We have acquired and/or licensed two separate technologies described below that will enable us to upgrade the hydrocarbons recovered from our remediation process. These processes have been proven in laboratory tests, but we have not yet performed this upgrading in a commercial setting.

On September 30, 2020, we entered into an Intellectual Property License Agreement (“BGreen License Agreement”)with BGreen, LLC (“BGreen”), pursuant to which we have been granted a worldwide, exclusive, non-transferable license to the intellectual property embodied in BGreen’s cavitation technology to develop, manufacture, have manufactured, use market, import, have imported, offer for sale and sell cavitation devices built from the licensed intellectual property. The BGreen License Agreement also grants us the first right of refusal to purchase all devices and all intellectual property associated with the cavitation technology. The BGreen License Agreement extends for the lifetime of the Intellectual Property. In 2021 we made an initial payment of $5,000 after delivery of the first simple cavitation device. The Company may use these devices in its own operations or it may sell them to third parties. Upon sale of a cavitation device to a third party we will be obligated to pay 50% of the net profits to the BGreen. Additionally, under the terms of the BGreen License Agreement, at such time as we successfully improve and manufacture a cavitation device with a processing rate equal to, or greater than, 30 barrels per hour, we will be required to issue 33,333 shares of our common stock to BGreen. Third party, independent testing conducted by the University of Utah has shown that this proprietary technology increases the API gravity of hydrocarbons by elongating the hydrocarbon chains without cutting or cracking these chains.

In addition, in 2017, we acquired from CSS Nanotech an exclusive right to use their nano-sponge technology for $2,416,572 in Series C Preferred Stock, which has since converted to common stock. The technology essentially serves as a micro-upgrader, transforming hydrocarbon product into a more useful product, such as petroleum or gasoline, as an addition to our hydrocarbon extraction technology. The inventor of this technology subsequently joined us as our Chief Scientific Officer. This patented technology allows for hydrocarbon material to be absorbed by a specialized sponge. Low energy microwaves are then introduced into the process and the sponge, which is made of a highly thermally conductive material, absorbs this energy causing an instant thermal effect, which essentially refines the crude by cutting or cracking the carbon chains. We intend to add this system to our process of upgrading the heavy crude recovered by our RPCs.

We believe that each of these technologies has the ability to upgrade the heavy crude that is recovered from our recovery and remediation process based on our needs and demand, and we intend to fully integrate these technologies into our process. For example, if there is a high demand for fuels we would process the extracted crude through the nano-sponge technology to refine and upgrade the product into diesel fuel. If the demand is instead for certain types of asphaltic cement, where the heavy crude is not refined but processed, we would utilize the CHU technology.

Market Opportunity

We believe that the market for remediating oil from both soil and water is significant. According to Grandview Research, the market for environmental clean-up of oil spills will reach $177 billion by 2025. We believe that a large portion of that market will originate from contamination of more than 7% hydrocarbon content and that our technology is currently the only one that can economically remediate these environmental disasters, while allowing for the capture and reuse of the crude.

In addition, we believe that the heavy crude that we have been recovering in Utah is ideal for producing asphaltic cement. The demand for asphaltic cement in the United States is presently estimated to be $93 billion this year according to Transparency Market Research. We provided our material to asphalt companies for testing to determine what modifications, if any, needed to be made to meet general asphalt specifications. We recently received notification that our asphaltic cement now meets the general classification of AC20 asphaltic cement and that it passed the specifications of several potential clients. We are expecting several orders in the near term and we believe that we will be able to offer our product at very competitive prices and in an environmentally friendly manner.

Revenue

Remediation Processing Centers

We presently have two projects utilizing our first two manufactured RPCs - our project in Kuwait (which was temporarily suspended due to COVID-19) and our project in Vernal, Utah (which is currently operating).

In Kuwait, pursuant to an agreement with Al Dali International Co., a company organized under the laws of Kuwait (“DIC”), we will receive $50,000 for the successful remediation of the first 100 tons ($500 per ton) under its subcontractor services for the Kuwait Oil Company (“KOC”) Remediation Contract. In addition, we will receive $20 per treated ton of soil after the initial 100 tons. The treatment process using the RPC plants is anticipated to generate a bitumen sub-product. We have agreed with DIC to sell this sub-product and share the net profits equally (50% to the us and 50% to DIC), after allocating 30% of the net profits to DIC in the form of a sales and marketing payment, which will be invoiced on a monthly basis, in accordance with the Agreement. Pursuant to the Agreement, we will have a stockpile of at least 444,311 tons with at least 5% oil contamination for us to remediate.

Our RPC situated in Vernal, Utah has the capacity to process 500 tons or more of naturally occurring oil sands deposits per day. We estimate that if the extracted material is composed of at least 10% oil, we will recover approximately 250 barrels of extracted hydrocarbons each day, which could then be sold for energy or converted to asphaltic cement and sold for use in roads at higher prices.

We provide precious metal extraction services on a service fee basis for customers. We also market and sell the precious metals we have extracted from our own soils. As we continue our efforts, we anticipate increased opportunities to monetize our precious metals end product.

Kuwait Project

The United Nations (UN) had allocated up to $14.7 billion for post-Iraq war reparations in order to clean up Kuwait. Kuwait suffered extensive contamination as a result of the 1991 Persian Gulf War. At the close of the Gulf War, Saddam Hussein ordered Kuwaiti oil wells to be blown up, resulting in the destruction of approximately 600 oil wells. The damage resulting from such fires, which burned for seven months, included a layer of hardened “tarcrete,” caused by the sand and gravel on the land's surface combining with oil and soot, forming over almost 5% of the country's area.

We were engaged by a subcontractor, DIC, which is approved by KOC for the Kuwait Environmental Remediation Program (“KERP”) project.

Our technology has been successful in reducing the amount of contaminated material in Kuwait from 20% hydrocarbon contamination to just 0.2% hydrocarbon contamination, based on third party independent testing performed by ALS Arabia in March 2020. We believe we possess the only technology that has been successful at remediating such highly contaminated soil (defined as anything above 20% hydrocarbon contamination), while also returning usable hydrocarbons.

The KERP project is anticipated to involve approximately 26 million cubic meters of contaminated oil sands requiring remediation. We expect that as much as 20% of the contaminated soil will contain more than 5% hydrocarbon contamination. Our agreement with DIC is for cleanup of a portion of the KERP project.

The oil recovered from these projects in Kuwait is considered a sovereign asset, so the ability to reclaim this asset also creates a social value for the country. In order to remediate all of the contaminated sand exhibiting greater than 7% contamination in the timeframe required by the UN, the Company anticipates obtaining further agreements through KOC to expand its service contract to deploy 10 RPC units to Kuwait over the next several years.

On December 14, 2021, we, together with our subsidiary, Vivaventures Energy Group, Inc., entered into a Services Agreement (the “Services Agreement”) with Al Dali International Co., a company organized under the laws of Kuwait (“DIC”). The Government of Kuwait and the United Nations, acting through the Kuwait Oil Company (“KOC”) has awarded to Enshaat Al Sayer rights to remediate contaminated soil under the Kuwait Remediation Program pursuant to the South Kuwait Excavation, Transportation and Remediation Project (“KOC Remediation Contract”). To fulfill its role, Enshaat Al Sayer has engaged the Company, through the Company’s agreement with DIC, to perform contaminated soil treatment for the KOC Remediation Contract using the Company’s patented technology for extracting hydrocarbons, through the Company’s Remediation Processing Center (“RPC”) plants. The Services Agreement is subject to DIC and Enshaat Al Sayer entering into a subcontractor agreement and the Company has received a notice letter from such parties, which confirms that such subcontractor agreement has been entered into and is in full force and effect. Such subcontractor agreement is subject to termination upon terms substantially similar to those set forth in the Services Agreement, specifically, providing for a 42-month term with termination upon (i) written consent of both parties; (ii) bankruptcy, dissolution or similar event; (iii) for material breach that is not cured within 60 days’ notice thereof (other than non-payment, which is not subject to a cure period); and (iv) non-approval of total optimized study including the bench scale study and pilot plant commissioning results by KOC.

Pursuant to the Services Agreement, the Company and DIC will work together in performing remediation treatment services as subcontractors to Enshaat Al Sayer for the KOC Remediation Contract. Under the Agreement, the Company will supply one pilot RPC plant already located in Kuwait, one 40-ton per hour RPC plant, and one technical expert to oversee the hydrocarbons contaminated soil treatment service operations pertaining to this contract.

The Company will receive $50,000 for the successful remediation of the first 100 tons ($500 per ton) under its subcontractor services for the KOC Remediation Contract. In addition, the Company will receive $20 per treated ton of soil after the initial 100 tons. The treatment process using the RPC plants is anticipated to generate a bitumen sub-product. The Company and DIC have agreed to sell this sub-product and share the net profits equally (50% to the Company and 50% to DIC), after allocating 30% of the net profits to DIC in the form of a sales and marketing payment, which will be invoiced on a monthly basis, in accordance with the Agreement. Pursuant to the Agreement, we will have a stockpile of at least 444,311 tons with at least 5% oil contamination for us to remediate.

Pursuant to the Agreement, we will provide our pilot RPC plant (already in Kuwait) within two to four months after retrofitting, and within one year of certain contract milestones, including the successful testing of the first 100 tons, we will provide a RPC plant capable of processing 40 tons of soil per hour. We will bear the cost of the related manufacturing, deployment, break-down and spare parts of the RPCs. The RPC plant remediation services must reduce TPH contamination to less than 1%. DIC will provide all other costs for bonds, infrastructure, and operations of the plant.

Other International Projects

In addition to managing the projects in Kuwait, the UN is overseeing the funds allocated to the remediation and clean-up of the Ogoni Lands in Africa, which is estimated to contain millions of tons of both contaminated soil and water and has allocated significant funding for its cleanup. Taking into consideration this particular environmental disaster, plus other global oil contamination projects involving oversight by the UN, together with our successful testing on the UN-managed SEED Project in Kuwait and our recent agreement with DIC, we believe we will be a contender for significant additional contracts.

Vernal, Utah Project

The State of Utah has, according to the U.S. Geological Survey, approximately 14 billion barrels of measured oil in place with an additional estimated 23 to 28 billion barrels of oil contained in contaminated oil sands that are deposited near the ground surface. We believe that the crude from these oil sands can be turned into asphaltic cement for making roads, or upgraded for polymers or fuel. Vernal is the county seat, and largest city in Uintah County, located in northeastern Utah, approximately 175 miles east of Salt Lake City, and 20 miles west of the Colorado border. In June 2021, we entered into an agreement with the owner of such parcel of land that permitted us to continue to operate on the land on a month-to-month basis. In March 2022, we entered into a land lease with the land owner for a five year term, with an optional 5 year extension, allowing us to process up to 2,000 tons per day of oil sand material, with a guarantee by the land owner to deliver material with a minimum of 10% hydrocarbon by weight, which would produce up to 200 tons of asphalt cement product per day when processed through four of our patented RPCs.

The Vernal property contains approximately 100 million cubic yards of oil sand material available for processing. The property is located on approximately 600 acres. We believe that we could ultimately recover as much as 40 million barrels of oil from this property as a whole if we are able to economically scale our operations and obtain further land leases from the land owner. We believe, based on the number of estimated barrels of oil contained in oil sands deposits located on SITLA property, that if the State of Utah would allow us to process the oil sand material on these properties over the next thirty years that we would need as many as 100 RPCs to process the oil sands deposits owned by the State of Utah.

Material extracted from our Vernal, Utah project can be sold for energy or converted into asphaltic cement, which we believe is less affected by daily changes in oil prices. With our one RPC unit, assuming full utilization, we anticipate producing approximately 50 tons of asphaltic cement per day. We anticipate that we will be able to sell our asphaltic cement for, referencing present pricing, approximately $450 per ton.

Crude Oil Gathering, Storage and Transportation

On August 1, 2022, we acquired 100% of the outstanding ownership interests of Silver Fuels Delhi, LLC, a Louisiana limited liability company (“SFD”) and White Claw Colorado City, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“WCCC”), which are now wholly-owned subsidiaries of ours, and are generating revenue.

SFD owns and operates a crude oil gathering, storage, and transportation facility located on approximately 9.3 acres near Delhi, Louisiana. Under existing agreements, a subsidiary of a large NYSE traded energy company (the “Purchaser”) is obligated to purchase blended crude oil from SFD in amounts up to 60,000 barrels per month. With prior approval, SFD is eligible to sell to the Purchaser amounts greater than 60,000 barrels of crude oil per month. Additionally, for a period of 10 years, SFD is, under existing crude oil supply agreements with WC Crude, guaranteed a minimum gross margin of $5.00 per barrel on all quantities of blended crude oil sold thereunder. At present, SFD is blending and selling approximately 1,400 to 1,700 barrels of blended crude oil on a daily basis. Additionally, the acquisition of SFD provides us with the infrastructure needed to place a Remediation Processing Machine (“RPC”) to clean soil which has been contaminated by hydrocarbons as well as tank bottom sludge. Management believes SFD’s location in the heart of the Smackover formation would provide the Company with access to significant amounts of tank bottom sludge and contaminated soil.

WCCC owns a 120,000 barrel crude oil storage tank, in the heart of the Permian Basin, located near Colorado City, Texas. The storage tank is presently connected to the Lotus pipeline system and the Company intends to further connect the tank to major pipeline systems. Under the terms of an existing agreement, WC Crude has agreed to lease the oil storage tank for a period of 10 years. As with SFD, WCCC would provide the Company with the infrastructure to blend and sell oil which has been recovered via a RPC machine from tank bottom sludge and contaminated soil which exists in the Permian Basin.

Competitive Strengths and Growth Strategy

We are focused on the remediation of contaminated soil and water resulting from either man-made spills or naturally occurring deposits of oil. Our primary focus has been the remediation of oil spills resulting from the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and naturally occurring oil sands deposits in the Uinta basin located in Eastern Utah. We plan to expand into other markets, both in Utah and globally, where we believe our technology and services will provide a distinct competitive advantage over our competition.

Competitive Strengths

We believe the following strengths provide us with a distinct competitive advantage and will enable us to effectively compete on a global basis:

Proprietary Patented Technology

In total, we, together with our subsidiaries, have intellectual property that is in the form of both proprietary knowledge and patents. Our patent portfolio consists of four issued U.S. patents, one pending international patent application filed through the Paris Cooperation Treaty (PCT), and one pending patent application in Kuwait. In addition, we have licensed from our partners the right to use additional patented technologies.

We presently have two US patent and pending foreign applications related to our RPCs and two issued US patents related to our other remediation technologies.

We believe, based on direct and ongoing conversations with our customers and third-party independent test results, that our technology is the only commercially available technology that can not only clean soil that contains greater than 7% hydrocarbon, but also preserves the hydrocarbons extracted from such soil for future use. We believe that this provides us with a true competitive advantage.

Our main technology has been tested and validated for all of its claims by separate, independent expert firms both in the United States and the Middle East, whose reports confirm that we have reclamation technology, which has been tested and reviewed, that possesses the ability to clean soil with more than 7% hydrocarbon contamination and still leave the recovered hydrocarbons in a usable state.

Environmental Advantages

Among our key corporate objectives is to be at the forefront of social responsibility for its technological impact. We strive for all of our systems to ultimately become closed loop systems, to minimize adverse impacts on air quality and reduce the need for use of clean water. Our ability to turn waste into value is in line with this core objective. Our remediation projects in Kuwait are expected to reduce emissions from vaporization of the oil spilled in the soil. The ability to clean produced water from oil production can eliminate the need for evaporation ponds, improving air quality and saving on the use of clean water.

We believe our technology and service offerings will position us well to conduct our business in any geographical region in which soil or water has been contaminated by hydrocarbons.

Strong Relationships with Customers and Regulatory Agencies

We have developed close relationships with customers and government agencies, including SITLA and the KOC. We anticipate receiving access to additional oil sands deposits located in Utah from SITLA, based on our existing relationship with SITLA and our conversations with them. Indeed, our relationships have helped give rise to our December 2021 agreement with DIC in Kuwait, which will result in our having a stockpile of at least 444,311 tons with at least 5% oil contamination for us to remediate. We also anticipate receiving additional contracts from KOC to remediate contaminated properties in Kuwait, based on our existing relationship with KOC and conversations with them.

Experienced and Highly Skilled Management, Board of Directors and Advisory Board

Our management team has started and successfully grown numerous technology-based companies and has utilized this experience to develop a strategic vision for the Company. The implementation of this plan has resulted in the acquisition and in-house development of numerous technologies, which are currently in operation. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of our technologies in both Vernal, Utah and Kuwait, accomplishing the clean-up of contaminated areas while also recovering precious metals through our metallic separation technology.

Our Board of Directors is comprised of accomplished professionals who bring decades of experience to the Company. Our Board of Directors includes a director who has served as a member of the Executive Committee of one of the largest global accounting firms and has served on the Board of Directors of two multi-billion dollar publicly traded companies, a former director of technology investment banking at Goldman Sachs, a successful investor and entrepreneur who has founded and provided initial financing for numerous life science companies, several of which have grown to multi-billion dollar publicly traded companies, and the mayor of a city in Utah.

In addition, we have an Advisory Board comprised of former senior members of oil and gas companies, both in the United States and in the Middle East. Our Advisory Board is led by one member who is an accomplished business professional and a member of a royal family based in the Middle East and another member who is an experienced health and safety expert operating in the oil and gas industries.

We rely on our Board of Directors and Advisory Board to provide it both high level advice and guidance along with using their contacts to help open various markets. Additionally, the Advisory Board acts as a preliminary informal sounding board for the Board and management for these particular areas in which the Advisory Board members have expertise. We believe the combination of our management team, Board of Directors and Advisory Board provides us with a significant competitive advantage over our competitors due to their breadth of experiences and relationships.

Growth Strategies

Remediation Processing Centers

We will strive to grow our RPC business by pursuing the following strategies:

Expansion of our Oil Recovery Projects in Utah

The State of Utah has, according to the U.S. Geological Survey, approximately 14 billion barrels of measured oil in place with an additional estimated 23 to 28 billion barrels of oil contained in contaminated oil sands that are deposited near the ground surface. The majority of these oil sands deposits are located on land owned by SITLA. While our current project in Vernal, Utah is not located on SITLA land and we do not yet have a definitive agreement, SITLA has expressed an interest in providing us leased access to these lands in exchange for a royalty to be paid by us in an amount equal to 8% of all revenue generated from any hydrocarbon-based products produced by us from hydrocarbons extracted from these lands. All royalty payments to SITLA would result in direct funding to the State’s school system. We will seek to acquire additional properties and mineral rights in the vicinity of Vernal, Utah from individual land owners and the State of Utah.

Expansion of our Remediation Projects in Kuwait

Our RPC technology was successfully used in our initial project for KOC in Kuwait, where we removed hydrocarbons from soil with more than 7% contamination and, following the process, the hydrocarbon contamination level of the soil was reduced to less than 0.5%, which was lower than the level needed to meet the project specifications. There is still approximately 26 million cubic meters of soil contaminated by oil from the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Pursuant to our recent agreement with DIC, we will receive $50,000 for the successful remediation of the first 100 tons ($500 per ton) under its subcontractor services for the KOC Remediation Contract. In addition, we will receive $20 per treated ton of soil after the initial 100 tons. The treatment process using the RPC plants is anticipated to generate a bitumen sub-product. We have agreed with DIC to sell this sub-product and share the net profits equally (50% to us and 50% to DIC), after allocating 30% of the net profits to DIC in the form of a sales and marketing payment, which will be invoiced on a monthly basis, in accordance with the Agreement. Pursuant to the Agreement, we will have a stockpile of at least 444,311 tons with at least 5% oil contamination for us to remediate. Other technologies may also be used for the less contaminated soils.

Expansion into New and Complementary Markets

We intend to explore expansion opportunities on a global basis, including in places with extreme contamination such as the Ogoni Lands region of Nigeria, oil spill lakes located in Saudi Arabia and Turkmenistan, and naturally occurring oil sands deposits in Kazakhstan, where we believe our technology and service offerings may provide a distinct competitive advantage. We are currently in discussions with several groups for deploying our RPCs for remediation projects (primarily for oil spills, tank bottom sludge and drill cuttings) in Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Texas. Saudi Arabia has the objective to create a circular carbon economy that will ultimately have zero wasted hydrocarbons. Our technology is able to process tank bottom sludge, drill cuttings, and soils form hydrocarbon spills, returning the sand to less than 0.5% contamination while reclaiming the oil for waste energy use.

Increase of Revenue via New Service and Product Offerings

To date, we have focused on the remediation of soil contaminated by oil. We intend to target other hydrocarbon remediation businesses that focus on, among other things, the cleaning of tank bottom sludge, and the cleaning of the water used from drilling oil wells. Oil producers generally pay to dispose of sludge at the bottom of storage tanks and contaminated water produced from the drilling of oil wells. We believe that our technologies could be used to clean the contaminated water produced from drilling, while simultaneously recovering the heavy crude. We believe we will be able to offer these services at a cost that is very competitive with current methods and that our ability to recover the heavy crude for resale will give us a competitive advantage. We are currently in early stage discussions relating to some of these remediation projects.

Strategic Acquisitions and Licenses Targeting Complementary Technologies

We intend to seek out opportunities to acquire or license only specific technologies that are either complementary to our existing product offerings or that will allow us to expand into the environmental infrastructure markets. We recently entered into a worldwide, exclusive license agreement with TBT Group, Inc. to license piezo electric and energy harvesting technologies for creating self-powered sensors for making smart roadways, which we believe could be embedded directly into the asphaltic cement we intend to produce from the hydrocarbons we extract, providing the basis for smart roads and infrastructure. We believe that these sensors, which are self-powered, could be used to provide information about traffic, road conditions and repair needs as well as allowing the roads to communicate directly with autonomous vehicles enabling these vehicles to sense the road in all weather conditions. By complementing the asphaltic cement we expect to produce with integrated sensors for automated vehicles, we believe that we will be able to offer a smart road.

Redeployment of the Metallic Separation Technology

Our licensed metallic separation technology has successfully recovered precious metals including, but not limited to, gold, palladium, platinum, rodium and silver. We intend to redeploy our metallic separation technology machines to standalone locations to process mine tailings and other soils.

Crude Oil Gathering, Storage and Transportation

WCCC owns a 120,000 barrel crude oil storage tank, in the heart of the Permian Basin, located near Colorado City, Texas. The Company intends to further connect the tank to major pipeline systems. In doing so, WCCC would provide the Company with the infrastructure to blend and sell oil which has been recovered via a RPC from tank bottom sludge and contaminated soil which exists in the Permian Basin.

SFD owns and operates a crude oil gathering, storage, and transportation facility, which is presently blending and selling approximately 1,400 to 1,700 barrels of blended crude oil on a daily basis. We plan to increase operations at the facility to ramp up to the facility daily maximum of blending and selling approximately 4,000 barrels of blended crude oil on a daily basis in the near future. Additionally, this facility may also provide us with the infrastructure needed to place a RPC to clean soil which has been contaminated by hydrocarbons as well as tank bottom sludge from the area.

Other Holdings

Historically, as part of our strategy to find and invest in technologies that might develop synergies with our existing businesses, we have invested in other companies and/or entities. Not all of our investments to date have developed into complementary technologies and/or businesses, but with our management’s assistance, many of them have still become successful and accretive to our Company’s value. Over time, we intend to divest our ownership of companies that are not synergistic with our business.

Scepter Holdings

In 2019, we received 800,000 shares of preferred stock in Scepter Holdings, Inc. (OTCMarkets: BRZL), a company that manages the sales and development of consumer-packaged goods, to release Scepter from a secured loan financing that encumbered its assets. In 2019 we entered into a Convertible Master Revolving Note with Scepter and over the course of approximately two years lent them $71,000, which accrued 7% interest per annum. In August 2021 we exercised our conversion rights in the note and converted the principal balance and all accrued interest in to 26,376,882 shares of common stock of Scepter, which represents holdings of 826,376,882 shares of Scepter (approximately 19% of Scepter’s outstanding stock) and a market value of approximately $3,553,241 as of April 5, 2022.

Odyssey Group International

In 2014, we acquired a minority interest in Odyssey Group International, Inc. (“Odyssey”) (OTCQB: ODYY), a trans-disciplinary product development enterprise involved in the discovery, development and commercialization of a broad range of products applied to targeted segments of the health care industry. We also have provided a $750,000 secured loan to Odyssey, which they used to acquire a license to use and develop a new technology called CardioMap®, which is an advanced technology for early non-invasive testing for heart disease. During June 2020, we converted the outstanding secured loan into 809,578 shares of Odyssey common stock. We owned 3,309,578 shares of Odyssey common stock through December 2021 at which time we sold such 3,309,578 shares of Odyssey in a private transaction for a purchase price of $860,491, reflecting the market price as of such time. Such purchase price was paid in the form of $10,000 cash delivered at signing and a note issued in favor of Vivakor in the amount of $850,491 accruing interest at 3% per annum, with payments due quarterly over a five-year term.

Future Products; Research and Acquisition

We intend to identify, develop or acquire, and bring to market products primarily in the Clean Tech sector with a primary focus on the petroleum, mining and minerals, and alternative energy industries, as well opportunities that may arise in the natural and formulary products industry. Our general approach is to select products or processes that are at or near commercial viability, or that we believe can be substantially developed for commercialization. We then negotiate agreements to either acquire or to provide secured loan financing to these companies to complete their development, testing and product launches in exchange for control of, or a significant ownership interest in, the products or companies.

History

The Company was originally organized on November 1, 2006 as a limited liability company in the State of Nevada as Genecular Holdings, LLC. The Company’s name was changed to NGI Holdings, LLC on November 3, 2006. On April 30, 2008, the Company was converted to a Nevada corporation and changed its name to Vivakor, Inc. pursuant to Articles of Conversion filed with the Nevada Secretary of State.

We have the following direct and indirect wholly-owned active subsidiaries: VivaVentures Management Company, Inc., a Nevada corporation, VivaSphere, Inc., a Nevada corporation, VivaVentures Oil Sands, Inc., a Utah corporation, RPC Design and Manufacturing LLC (“RDM”), a Utah limited liability company, Silver Fuels Delhi, LLC, a Louisiana limited liability company, and White Claw Colorado City, LLC, a Texas limited liability company. We have a 99.95% ownership interest in VivaVentures Energy Group, Inc., a Nevada Corporation; the 0.05% minority interest in VivaVentures Energy Group, Inc. is held by a private investor unaffiliated with the Company. We also have an approximate 49% ownership interest in Vivakor Middle-East Limited Liability Company, a Qatar limited liability company.

Regulations Affecting our Business

Our business is subject to federal, state and local laws, regulations and policies, including laws regulating the removal of natural resources from the ground and the discharge of materials into the environment. These regulations mandate, among other things, the maintenance of air and water quality standards and land reclamation. They also set forth limitations on the generation, transportation, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Exploration and exploitation activities are also subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations which seek to maintain health and safety standards by regulating the design and use of exploration methods and equipment. Environmental and other legal standards imposed by federal, state or local authorities are constantly evolving, and typically in a manner which will require stricter standards and enforcement, and increased fines and penalties for noncompliance. Such changes may prevent us from conducting planned activities or increase our costs of doing so, which would have material adverse effects on our business. Moreover, compliance with such laws may cause substantial delays or require capital outlays in excess of those anticipated, thus causing an adverse effect on us. Additionally, we may be subject to liability for pollution or other environmental damages that we may not be able to or elect not to insure against due to prohibitive premium costs and other reasons. Unknown environmental hazards may exist on our mining claims, or we may acquire properties in the future that have unknown environmental issues caused by previous owners or operators, or that may have occurred naturally.

Failure to comply with applicable federal, state, local or foreign laws or regulations could subject our company to enforcement action, including product seizures, recalls, withdrawal of marketing clearances and civil and criminal penalties, any one or more of which could have a material adverse effect on our company’s businesses. We believe that our company is in substantial compliance with such governmental regulations. However, federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations regarding the manufacture and sale of medical devices are subject to future changes. There can be no assurance that such changes would not have a material adverse effect on our company.

Intellectual Property

We own four issued US patents and two pending international PCT patent application covering our propriety technology, specifically:

Employees

As of the date of this prospectus , we have 30 full-time or contracted employees, consisting of our CEO, CFO, and additional administrative and direct operations personnel. None of these employees are represented by a labor union or subject to a collective bargaining agreement. We have never experienced a work stoppage and our management believes that our relations with employees are satisfactory.

Properties

We own approximately 9 acres of land near Delhi, Louisiana where we operate a crude oil gathering, storage, and transportation facility. We also own approximately 7 acres of land near Colorado City, Texas, where our 120,000 barrel crude oil storage tank is located.

We currently lease executive office space in Lehi, Utah, Las Vegas, Nevada, Houston, Texas, and Irvine, California. The Company also leases warehouses in Las Vegas, Nevada and Houston, Texas, and have paid to be on a land site in Vernal, UT. We believe these facilities are in good condition but that we may need to expand our leased space and warehouses as business increases.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in various legal actions that arise in the normal course of business. We are not currently involved in any material disputes and do not have any material litigation matters pending.

MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth information about our directors, executive officers and significant employees.

Executive Officers

Matthew Nicosia joined Vivakor as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board in 2011. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Nicosia co-founded Dermacia Inc. in 1999, a dermatology product development Company. From December 2012 through December 2015, concurrent with his time serving as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Vivakor, Mr. Nicosia served as the interim Chief Executive Officer of Vivaceuticals, d/b/a Regeneca Worldwide. In February 2019, Mr. Nicosia joined Ridepair Inc., a software development company focused on the transportation market, as Chairman of the Board. Mr. Nicosia joined the Board of Directors of NarcX Solutions Inc., a developer of onsite drug destruction technologies in June 2019. During 2018, Mr. Nicosia co-founded and has since served as co-Chairman of the Board of Prosperity Utah, a non-profit economic think tank focused on the State of Utah. From April 2018 until March 2021, Mr. Nicosia has served on the Board of Directors of CannapharmaRx Inc., a public company which trades on the OTC Markets. Mr. Nicosia received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Brigham Young University and a MBA from Pepperdine University. Mr. Nicosia is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors based on his in depth knowledge of the Company as Chief Executive Officer and because of his extensive experience with thermal vaporization technologies, business development in the Middle East and U.S. capital markets experience.

On November 16, 2015, the Consumer Protection Branch of the Department of Justice of the United States of America initiated an action, on behalf of the Food and Drug Administration, against Vivaceuticals, d/b/a Regeneca Worldwide, and Mr. Nicosia alleging various violations of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in relation to the manufacturing, labeling and distribution of adulterated dietary supplements. The complaint sought a permanent injunction against Regeneca Worldwide for unlawfully distributing unapproved new drugs, and adulterated and misbranded dietary supplements. A consent decree of permanent injunction was filed on February 8, 2017. The consent decree prohibits Regeneca from marketing unapproved new drugs, and adulterated and misbranded dietary supplements. The consent decree also provides that before Regeneca can resume operations, it must, among other things, hire good manufacturing practice and labeling experts, implement procedures to comply with good manufacturing practice and labeling requirements and receive written permission from the FDA to resume operations, and Mr. Nicosia is required to notify the FDA and accept their inspections if he works in the pharmaceutical industry. Regeneca was also required to destroy all remaining products. Vivaceuticals sold its assets to Scepter Holdings, Inc. in 2018 and is no longer in operation.

Tyler Nelson joined Vivakor on a part-time basis as Chief Financial Officer in 2014 and has served as full-time Chief Financial Officer since September 2020. Mr. Nelson is a CPA who worked from 2006 to 2011 in Audit and Enterprise Risk Services at Deloitte LLP (USA) and later at Withum+Brown, PC. He worked with clients with assets of more than $100 billion and annual revenues of more than $15 billion, which are considered some of the most respected financial institutions in the world. In 2011, Mr. Nelson began working for LBL Professional Consulting, Inc. where he provided merger and acquisition, initial public offering, and interim chief financial officer services to clients. Mr. Nelson continues to sit on the Board of Directors and remains an officer of LBL Professional Consulting, Inc. Mr. Nelson earned a Master’s Degree in Accountancy from the University of Illinois- Urbana-Champaign, and a Bachelor’s Degree in Economics with a minor in Business Management from Brigham Young University.

Dr. Daniel Hashim joined Vivakor as Chief Scientific Officer in 2017. Dr. Hashim has extensive experience in the areas of nanoscience research, advanced materials synthesis, characterization, application, innovation and technological entrepreneurship. In addition to leading scientific efforts for Vivakor and its related companies, Dr. Hashim has served as the Founder, Chairman and CEO of CSS Nanotech, Inc. (“CSS”) since 2014. CSS is a nanomaterials research and development company that designs and commercializes useful structural nanomaterials that exhibit “safe-to-handle” nanofunctionality on a macro-scale, to include carbon filtration media, water purification, oil spill remediation, structural composite materials, electrode materials, petrochemical refining and thermal management systems. Mr. Hashim holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Materials Science Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, with a PhD from Rice University in the field of Materials Science and NanoEngineering.

Directors

Matthew Nicosia-See “Executive Officers”

Al Ferrara joined Vivakor as a director on September 21, 2020. Mr. Ferrara retired as the National Director of Retail & Consumer Products at BDO USA, LLP in 2016. Mr. Ferrara is a CPA, who worked at BDO USA, LLP in a variety of positions beginning in 1991, and was a member of its board of directors from 2003 to 2010. Mr. Ferrara served as the Northeast Regional Managing Partner at BDO USA, LLP from 2000 to 2003. Mr. Ferrara was also a director representative at Trenwith Capital, Inc. (now BDO Capital Advisors, LLC) from 2000 to 2015 and a member of the retail advisory board at Hilco Retail Consulting from 2013 to 2015. Mr. Ferrara was previously on the Board of Directors for Barnes & Noble, Inc., from August 2016 until the company was sold in August 2019, where he served on its audit committee and compensation committee, and in July 2019, he joined the Board of Directors of Steven Madden, Ltd., where he serves as Chairman of its audit committee and a member of its governance committee. Mr. Ferrara is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors because of his extensive experience in auditing public companies and serving as a director of large public companies.

Matthew Balk joined Vivakor as a director on September 21, 2020. Mr. Balk previously spent more than 25 years as an investment banker specializing in technology and biotechnology where he raised billions of dollars for both public and private companies and dozens of mergers and acquisitions. In 2011, he left investment banking to start his family office. He has since co-founded several companies including AzurX (Nasdaq: AZRX) and VerifyH20 and invested in a number of other technology companies. Mr. Balk also works as a consultant to a small number of companies in the areas of Biotech and technology in general. Mr. Balk received his MBA from New York University Stern School of Business. Mr. Balk is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors because of his extensive experience acting as an investment banker supporting large public companies.

Trent Staggs joined Vivakor as a director on September 21, 2020. Mr. Staggs brings a 20-year track record of developing and executing on business strategy, teams and relationships. Prior to advising the Vivakor team, he was on the corporate leadership team of Unicity International, Inc., a global direct sales company that operates in over 35 markets, providing strategic direction and leadership of global integrated systems, software and IT infrastructure. Mr. Staggs has also been directly responsible for financial transactions in excess of 2 billion dollars as a VP at Morgan Stanley and also running his own nationwide financial company. Mr. Staggs served as a consultant for RDM from January 2019 through March 2020, advising with respect to obtaining required permitting from State agencies and other regulatory matters. Mr. Staggs received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Utah and received an MBA from the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University. Mr. Staggs is also the Mayor of Riverton, Utah and serves on many boards, providing needed political guidance and consultation to Vivakor and its related companies. Mr. Staggs is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors because of his extensive experience in capital markets and his understanding of Utah regulatory requirements.

Family Relationships

There are no family relationships between any of our directors and executive officers.

Corporate Governance Overview

Board Composition and Director Independence

Our Board of Directors consists of four members. The directors are elected at each annual meeting to hold office until the next annual meeting and until their successors are duly elected and qualified. The Company defines “independent” as that term is defined in the Nasdaq rules.

In making the determination of whether a member of the board is independent, our board considers, in addition to Nasdaq rules, among other things, and transactions and relationships between each director and his immediate family and the Company, including those reported under the caption “Related Party Transactions.” The purpose of this review is to determine whether any such relationships or transactions are material and, therefore, inconsistent with a determination that the directors are independent. On the basis of such review and its understanding of such relationships and transactions, our Board of Directors affirmatively determined that Al Ferrara, Matthew Balk and Trent Staggs are qualified as independent and do not have any material relationships with us that might interfere with his exercise of independent judgment.

Board Committees

Our Board of Directors has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Each committee has its own charter, which is available on our website at www.vivakor.com. Each of the board committees has the composition and responsibilities described below.

Members will serve on these committees until their resignation or until otherwise determined by our Board of Directors.

Audit Committee

Our Audit Committee is currently comprised of Al Ferrara, Matthew Balk and Trent Staggs, each of whom qualify as an independent director under applicable Nasdaq and SEC rules, and “financially literate” under applicable Nasdaq rules. Our board has determined that Al Ferrara, Matthew Balk and Trent Staggs each qualify as an “audit committee financial expert”, as such term is defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K. Al Ferrara serves as chairman of the Audit Committee.

The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and oversee the audit of our consolidated financial statements and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. The responsibilities of this committee include, but are not limited to:

The Audit Committee is authorized to retain independent legal and other advisors and conduct or authorize investigations into any matter within the scope of its duties.

Compensation Committee

Our Compensation Committee is currently comprised of Trent Staggs, Al Ferrara and Matthew Balk, each of whom qualify as an independent director under applicable Nasdaq rules. Trent Staggs serves as chairman of the Compensation Committee.

Our Compensation Committee assists the board of directors in the discharge of its responsibilities relating to the compensation of the board of directors and our executive officers.

The responsibilities of this committee include, but are not limited to:

The Compensation Committee may delegate any of its responsibilities to subcommittees as it deems appropriate. The Compensation Committee is authorized to retain independent legal and other advisors, and conduct or authorize investigations into any matter within the scope of its duties.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is currently comprised of Trent Staggs, Matthew Balk and Al Ferrara, each of whom qualify as an independent director under applicable Nasdaq rules. Trent Staggs serves as chairman of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

The purpose of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is to recommend to the Board of Directors nominees for election as directors and persons to be elected to fill any vacancies on the Board of Directors, develop and recommend a set of corporate governance principles and oversee the performance of the Board of Directors.

The responsibilities of this committee include, but are not limited to:

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may delegate any of its responsibilities to subcommittees as it deems appropriate. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is authorized to retain independent legal and other advisors and conduct or authorize investigations into any matter within the scope of its duties.

Board Leadership Structure

Currently, Mr. Nicosia is our principal executive officer and chairman of the board.

Risk Oversight

Our Board will oversee a company-wide approach to risk management. Our Board will determine the appropriate risk level for us generally, assess the specific risks faced by us and review the steps taken by management to manage those risks. While our Board will have ultimate oversight responsibility for the risk management process, its committees will oversee risk in certain specified areas.

Specifically, our compensation committee will be responsible for overseeing the management of risks relating to our executive compensation plans and arrangements, and the incentives created by the compensation awards it administers. Our audit committee will oversee management of enterprise risks and financial risks, as well as potential conflicts of interests. Our board of directors will be responsible for overseeing the management of risks associated with the independence of our Board.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our principal executive, financial and accounting officers and all persons performing similar functions. A copy of that code is available on our corporate website at www.vivakor.com. We expect that any amendments to such code, or any waivers of its requirements, will be disclosed on our website.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Summary Compensation Table

The following table summarizes information concerning the compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to, our principal executive officer. No other executive officer received compensation greater than $100,000 in the last two completed fiscal years.

Employment Agreements

On June 9, 2022 (the “Effective Date”), Vivakor, Inc. (the “Company”), pursuant to the approval of its Board of Directors (the “Board”), on the recommendation of the Compensation Committee of the Board, entered into that certain executive employment agreement with each of Matthew Nicosia, Chief Executive Officer, and Tyler Nelson, Chief Financial Officer (respectively, the “Nicosia Agreement” and the “Nelson Agreement”, and collectively, the “Agreements”).

The Nicosia Agreement provides an annual base salary of $375,000 (the “Nicosia Base Salary”), payable in equal installments and paid every two weeks. The Nicosia Base Salary will increase by $100,000 upon the Company earning a total of at least $2,000,000 in Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”) minus (i) any unrealized gain (add back any unrealized loss) from marketable securities, (ii) stock based compensation expense, and (iii) stock options issued for services (“Adjusted EBITDA”) during any calendar year, and the Nicosia Base Salary will continue to increase in $100,000 increments for each additional $1,000,000 increase in EBITDA over $2,000,000 during the Term of this Agreement up to $675,000 at which time the Nicosia Base Salary will continue to increase in $20,000 increments for each additional $1,000,000 increase in Adjusted EBITDA over $4,000,000. As an inducement to continue services going forward, Mr. Nicosia shall receive a cash signing bonus of $125,000, which shall be paid in a lump sum amount within sixty (60) days after the Effective Date. Pursuant to the Nicosia Agreement, Mr. Nicosia may resign at any time with or without Good Reason, as defined in the Nicosia Agreement. The Company may terminate the Nicosia Agreement for cause (as defined therein) or with 30 days’ prior written notice.

The Nelson Agreement provides an annual base salary of $350,000 (the “Nelson Base Salary”), payable in equal installments and paid every two weeks. The Nelson Base Salary will increase by $100,000 upon the Company earning a total of at least $2,000,000 in Adjusted EBITDA during any calendar year, and the Nelson Base Salary will continue to increase in $100,000 increments for each additional $1,000,000 increase in EBITDA over $2,000,000 during the Term of this Agreement up to $650,000 at which time the Nelson Base Salary will continue to increase in $13,500 increments for each additional $1,000,000 increase in Adjusted EBITDA over $4,000,000. As an inducement to continue services going forward, Mr. Nelson shall receive a cash signing bonus of $100,000, which shall be paid in a lump sum amount within sixty (60) days after the Effective Date. Pursuant to the Nelson Agreement, Mr. Nelson may resign at any time with or without Good Reason, as defined in the Nelson Agreement. The Company may terminate the Nelson Agreement for cause (as defined therein) or with 30 days’ prior written notice.

This prospectus contains only a brief description of the material terms of and does not purport to be a complete description of the rights and obligations of the parties to the Nicosia Agreement and the Nelson Agreement, and such descriptions are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of the Nicosia Agreement and the Nelson Agreement, copies of which are filed herewith as Exhibit 10.4 and 10.5.

Stock Incentive Plan

Equity Incentive Plan

Our Board of directors approved a new equity incentive plan in February 2022, which authorizes the issuance of up to 2,000,000 shares of common stock through the grant of stock options (including incentive stock options qualifying under section 422 of the Code and nonstatutory stock options), restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, performance awards, other stock-based awards or any combination of the foregoing.

Outstanding Equity Awards at December 31, 2021

As of December 31, 2021 there were granted to Matthew Nicosia non-qualified options to purchase up to 166,667 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to 110% of the fair market value of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant. There are no other outstanding equity awards held by our executive officers.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company granted stock-based non-qualified compensation to employees, including a 16,667 share stock award, which vests at the end of four years and a 166,667 stock options that cliff vests at the end of five years. For the year ended December 31, 2021, stock-based compensation was $446,112. For the year ended December 31, 2020, stock-based compensation was $146,114.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company also granted non-statutory stock options, including 133,333 stock options to members of the Board of Directors, which vest over one year, and a 333, 334 stock option to a consultant, which vests over four years. Non-statutory stock-based compensation was $1,585,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021. Non-statutory stock-based compensation was $555,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Employee Pension, Profit Sharing or other Retirement Plan

We do not have a defined benefit, pension plan, profit sharing or other retirement plan, although we may adopt one or more of such plans in the future.

Director Compensation

The table below shows the compensation paid to our directors during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Matthew Nicosia was not compensated for acting as a director during fiscal year 2021 or 2020. Each of Al Ferrara, Trent Staggs, Matthew Balk and Joseph Spence were appointed to the Board of Directors after January 1, 2020.

(1)       Trent Staggs also received $48,605 and $84,704 from the Company as payment for consulting services rendered in 2020.

(2)       Joseph Spence resigned from the Board of Directors on July 1, 2022. 

PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our voting shares beneficially owned as of September 9, 2022 by (i) each stockholder known to be the beneficial owner of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the particular class of voting stock, (ii) each executive officer, (iii) each director, and (iv) all executive officers and directors as a group. A person is considered to beneficially own any shares: (i) over which such person, directly or indirectly, exercises sole or shared voting or investment power, or (ii) of which such person has the right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time within 60 days through an exercise of stock options, warrants and/or other convertible securities. Unless otherwise indicated, voting and investment power relating to the shares shown in the tables for each beneficial owner is exercised solely by the beneficial owner.

For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares of our common stock held by each person or group of persons, any shares that such person or persons has the right to acquire within 60 days of September 9, 2022 is deemed to be outstanding, but is not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.

The percentage of beneficial ownership of our common stock is based on an aggregate of 18,064,838 shares outstanding.

Except as indicated in footnotes to this table, we believe that the stockholders named in this table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock shown to be beneficially owned by them, based on information provided to us by such stockholders. Unless otherwise indicated, the address for each director and executive officer listed is: c/o Vivakor, Inc., 4101 North Thanksgiving Way, Lehi, Utah 84043.

(continued)

______________________

SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

3,009,552 shares of our Common Stock issued to the Selling Stockholders pursuant to the MIPA, see “Prospectus Summary—Recent Development” and “Business—Recent Development” above. We are registering the shares of our Common Stock in order to permit the Selling Stockholders to offer the shares for resale from time to time. Except as otherwise described in the footnotes to the table below and for the ownership of the registered shares issued pursuant to the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, neither the Selling Stockholders nor any of the persons that control them has had any material relationships with us or our affiliates within the past three (3) years.

The table below lists the Selling Stockholders and other information regarding the beneficial ownership (as determined under Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) (and the rules and regulations thereunder) of the shares of our Common Stock by each of the Selling Stockholders.

The second column lists the number of shares of our Common Stock beneficially owned by each Selling Stockholder before this Offering (including shares which the Selling Stockholder has the right to acquire within 60 days, including upon conversion of any convertible securities).

The third column lists the shares of our Common Stock being offered by this prospectus by each Selling Stockholder.

The fourth and fifth columns list the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by each Selling Stockholder and their percentage ownership after the Offering (including shares which the Selling Stockholder has the right to acquire within 60 days), assuming the sale of all of the shares offered by each Selling Stockholder pursuant to this prospectus.

The amounts and information set forth below are based upon information provided to us by the Selling Stockholders as of September 15, 2022, except as otherwise noted below. The Selling Stockholders may sell all or some of the shares of Common Stock it is offering, and may sell, unless indicated otherwise in the footnotes below, shares of our Common Stock otherwise than pursuant to this prospectus. The tables below assume the Selling Stockholders sell all of the shares offered by them in offerings pursuant to this prospectus, and do not acquire any additional shares. We are unable to determine the exact number of shares that will actually be sold or when or if these sales will occur.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Related Party Transactions

The following is a description of each transaction from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 and each currently proposed transaction in which:

Our current policy with regard to related party transactions is for the Board as a whole to approve any material transactions involving our directors, executive officers or holders of more than 5% of our outstanding capital stock.

In September 2020, we entered into a consulting contract with LBL Professional Consulting, Inc. (“LBL”), of which Tyler Nelson is a common officer, which remains in effect. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we paid LBL $188,150 and $191,295, respectively, for serving us. On December 17, 2020 the Company granted non-statutory stock options to LBL to purchase 333,334 shares of common stock. The stock options vest over four years. The stock option is exercisable up to ten years from the grant date. Mr. Nelson is not the beneficiary of the Company and is not be permitted to participate in any discussion, including LBL’s board meetings, regarding any Company stock that LBL may own at any time.

We have an existing note payable issued to Triple T, which is owned by Dr. Khalid Bin Jabor Al Thani, the 51% majority-owner of Vivakor Middle East LLC The note is interest free, has no fixed maturity date and will be repaid from revenues generated by Vivakor Middle East LLC. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020 the balance owed was $353,330 and $376,972, respectively.

In July 2020, the Company entered into an agreement with International Metals Exchange, LLC (“IME”), giving IME the option to purchase approximately 1,331 ounces of our precious metal concentrate for approximately $2,800,000. VVMCI, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vivakor, Inc. owns all of the Class A Units of IME, which have sole voting power for all material matters except for removal of the manager, and VVMCI serves as a manager of IME. The option agreement expired on December 31, 2020. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has sold none and $54,250 of the precious metal concentrate.

On January 20, 2021, the Company entered into a worldwide, exclusive license agreement with TBT Group, Inc. (of which an independent Vivakor Board member is a 7% shareholder) to license piezo electric and energy harvesting technologies for creating self-powered sensors for making smart roadways. The Company paid $25,000 and 16,667 shares of restricted common stock upon signing and $225,000 as of April 5, 2022. When the licensor delivers to the Company data showing that the sensor performs based on mutually defined specifications and all designs for the sensor are completed, Company shall pay an additional $250,000 and 16,667 shares of restricted common stock. Upon the delivery of a mutually agreed working prototype, Company will pay licensor $250,000 and 16,667 shares of restricted common stock. Upon commercialization of the product, the Company will pay licensor $250,000 and 33,333 shares of restricted common stock. TBT shall have the option, at its sole discretion, to convert the license to a non-exclusive license if the Company fails to pay $500,000 to TBT for sensor inventory per year, which will commence after the second anniversary of product commercialization. The Company shall share in the development costs of the sensor technology to the time of commercialization. Total costs attributed to the Company are estimated to be $125,000. From May, 2021 through March 3, 2022, the parties amended the license agreement to extend the terms of the first milestone to March 4, 2022, of which we paid $15,000 as consideration for the extensions and $225,000 to be paid on March 4, 2022.

Policy on Future Related-Party Transactions

All future transactions between us and our officers, directors, principal stockholders and their affiliates will be approved by the audit committee, or a similar committee consisting of entirely independent directors, according to the terms of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and our Related-Party Transaction Policies and Procedures.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never paid any cash dividends on our capital stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings to fund ongoing operations and future capital requirements. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent upon financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and such other factors as the board of directors deems relevant.

DETERMINATION OF OFFERING PRICE

The Selling Stockholders may sell all or a portion of their shares through public or private transactions at prevailing market prices or at privately negotiated prices. All shares being offered pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the Selling Stockholders without our involvement.

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

Introduction

In the discussion that follows, we have summarized selected provisions of our articles of incorporation, bylaws and the Nevada Revised Statutes relating to our capital stock. This summary is not complete. This discussion is subject to the relevant provisions of Nevada law and is qualified by reference to our articles of incorporation and our bylaws. You should read the provisions of our articles of incorporation and our bylaws as currently in effect for provisions that may be important to you.

Current Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation

Authorized Capital Stock

We are currently authorized to issue up to 56,666,667 shares of capital stock consisting of: 41,666,667 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 15,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value of $0.001 per share. As of September 9, 2022, there were 18,064,838 shares of common stock that were issued and outstanding and held of record by 569 stockholders. As of September 9, 2022, there were no shares of preferred stock outstanding.

Common Stock

Holders of our common stock are each entitled to cast one vote for each share held of record on all matters presented to the shareholders. Cumulative voting is not allowed.

Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available (subject to the rights of holders of all classes of stock at the time outstanding having prior rights as to dividends) and, in the event of liquidation, to share pro rata in any distribution of our assets after payment of liabilities (subject to the rights of holders of all classes of stock at the time outstanding having prior rights as to distributions). Our Board of Directors is not obligated to declare a dividend. It is not anticipated that dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future.

Holders of our common stock do not have preemptive rights to subscribe to additional shares if issued. There is no conversion, redemption, sinking fund or similar provisions regarding the common stock. All outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable.

Preferred Stock

We are authorized to issue 15,000,000 shares of preferred stock, of which 11,666,667 shares have been designated as follows: (i) 66,667 shares of Series A preferred stock, of which zero are outstanding as of September 9, 2022; (ii) 3,266,666 shares of Series B preferred stock, of which zero are outstanding as of September 9, 2022; (iii) 1,666,667 shares of Series B-1 preferred stock, of which zero are outstanding as of September 9, 2022; (iv) 3,333,333 shares of Series C preferred stock, of which zero are outstanding as of September 9, 2022; and (v) 3,333,333 shares of Series C-1 preferred stock, of which zero shares are outstanding as of September 9, 2022.

An additional 166,667 shares may be designated from time to time in one or more series as may be determined by our Board of Directors, subject to the protective rights of any classes of preferred stock then outstanding, with the voting powers and preferences, the relative rights of each such series and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions of each such series of undesignated shares to be established by the Board of Directors. Our directors may issue preferred stock with multiple votes per share and dividend rights which would have priority over any dividends paid with respect to the holders of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock with these rights may make the removal of management difficult even if the removal would be considered beneficial to shareholders generally, and will have the effect of limiting shareholder participation in transactions such as mergers or tender offers if these transactions are not favored by our management.

There are currently no shares of Series A preferred stock outstanding. The Series A Preferred Stock provides holders the right to convert each share into shares of common stock at a conversion price of $0.60 per share, subject to adjustment. Holders of the Series A preferred stock are not entitled to receive dividends. Holders of Series A preferred stock have the right to 25 votes for each share of common stock into which such shares of Series A Preferred Stock may then be converted. Holders of Series A preferred stock are entitled to receive liquidation preference, prior to and in preference to any distribution of any of the assets of the Company to the holders of common stock, or any other series of preferred stock.

There are currently no shares of Series B preferred stock outstanding. The Series B Preferred Stock provides holders the right to convert, at any time on or after the date that is one (1) year after the date of issuance of such share, at a conversion price that is the lesser of (i) the Original Series B Issue Price and (ii) ninety percent (90%) of the Market Price (as defined in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended); provided, however, upon the earlier to occur of a Qualified Public Offering (as defined in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended) or May 1, 2021, each share of Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into one share of common stock. Holders of Series B preferred stock are entitled to receive dividends at the rate of $0.75 per share per annum. Each Holder of Series B is entitled to vote upon matters presented to the Company’s shareholders on an as converted basis. Holders of Series B preferred stock are entitled to receive liquidation preference, prior to and in preference to any distribution of any of the assets of the Company to the holders of common stock, Series A preferred stock or any other series of preferred stock.

There are currently no shares of Series B-1 preferred stock outstanding. The Series B-1 Preferred Stock provides holders the right to convert at any time on or after the date that is one (1) year after the date of issuance of such share, at a conversion price that is the lesser of (i) the Original Series B-1 Issue Price and (ii) ninety percent (90%) of the Market Price; provided, however, upon the earlier to occur of a Qualified Public Offering or May 1, 2021, each share of Series B-1 Preferred Stock is convertible into one share of common stock. Holders of Series B-1 preferred stock are not entitled to receive dividends. Holders of Series B-1 preferred stock are not entitled to vote on matters presented to the shareholders of the Company. Holders of Series B-1 preferred stock are entitled to receive liquidation preference, pari passu with the holders of Series B preferred stock and prior to and in preference to any distribution of any of the assets of the Company to holders of common stock, Series A preferred stock, Series C preferred stock, Series C-1 preferred stock, or any other class of preferred stock.

There are currently no shares of Series C preferred stock outstanding. Holders of the Series C preferred stock would have the right to convert each share into common stock in the number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of common stock at a conversion price of the lesser of (i) $10.50 per share and (ii) ninety percent (90%) Market Price (as defined in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended); provided, however, upon the earlier to occur of a Qualified Public Offering (as defined in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended) or May 4, 2021, each share of Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into one share of common stock. Holders of Series C preferred stock would be entitled to receive dividends at the rate of $1.3125 per share per annum. Holders of Series C preferred stock would be entitled to vote upon matter presented to the Company’s shareholders on an as converted basis. Holders of Series C preferred stock are entitled to receive liquidation preference, prior to and in preference to any distribution of any of the assets of the Company to the holders of common stock, Series A Preferred Stock or any other series of preferred stock.

There are currently no shares of Series C-1 preferred stock outstanding, as shares of Series C-1 Preferred Stock were converted to common stock on May 4, 2021. The Series C-1 Preferred Stock provides holders the right to convert each share into one share of common stock. All Series C-1 Preferred Stock was auto converted to common stock on May 4, 2021. Holders of Series C-1 preferred stock are not entitled to receive dividends. Holders of Series C-1 preferred stock shall be entitled to vote on all matters submitted to the shareholders of the Company on an as-converted basis. Holders of Series C-1 Preferred Stock are entitled to receive liquidation preference, pari passu with the holders of Series C Preferred Stock and prior to and in preference to any distribution of any of the assets of the Company to the holders of common stock, Series A preferred stock or any other series of preferred stock.

Common Stock

Pursuant to the terms of the Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, the holders of common stock will be entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by the shareholders, except on matters relating solely to terms of preferred stock. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, the holders of common stock will be entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the board of directors out of funds legally available therefor. See “Dividend Policy.” In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of our common stock will be entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to prior distribution rights of preferred stock, if any, then outstanding. The holders of our common stock will have no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There will be no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock.

Preferred Stock

Pursuant to the terms of the Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, our board of directors will have the authority to issue preferred stock in one or more classes or series and to fix the designations, powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion right, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any class or series, without further vote or action by the stockholders. Although we have no present plans to issue any shares of preferred stock, the issuance of shares of preferred stock, or the issuance of rights to purchase such shares, could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to the holders of common stock, could adversely affect the rights and powers, including voting rights, of the common stock, and could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change of control of us or an unsolicited acquisition proposal.

Limitation on Directors’ Liability

The Nevada Revised Statutes limits or eliminates the personal liability of directors to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages for breaches of directors’ fiduciary duties as directors. Our bylaws include provisions that require the company to indemnify our directors or officers against monetary damages for actions taken as a director or officer of our Company. We are also expressly authorized to carry directors’ and officers’ insurance to protect our directors, officers, employees and agents for certain liabilities. Our Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation do not contain any limiting language regarding director immunity from liability.

The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions under the Nevada Revised Statutes and our bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. However, these provisions do not limit or eliminate our rights, or those of any stockholder, to seek non-monetary relief such as injunction or rescission in the event of a breach of a director’s fiduciary duties. Moreover, the provisions do not alter the liability of directors under the federal securities laws. In addition, your investment may be adversely affected to the extent that, in a class action or direct suit, we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.

Nevada Anti-Takeover Statute

We may be subject to Nevada’s Combination with Interested Stockholders Statute (Nevada Corporation Law Sections 78.411-78.444) which prohibits an “interested stockholder” from entering into a “combination” with the corporation, unless certain conditions are met. An “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, beneficially owns (or within the prior two years, did beneficially own) 10% or more of the corporation’s capital stock entitled to vote.

Forum for Litigation

Our Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, and unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Eighth Judicial District Court of Clark County, Nevada, shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for state law claims with respect to: (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought in the name or right of the Company or on its behalf, (b) any action asserting a claim for breach of any fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, employee or agent of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders, (c) any action arising or asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of NRS Chapters 78 or 92A or any provision of these Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation or the bylaws or (d) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, including, without limitation, any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation or the bylaws. The Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation further provide that, for the avoidance of doubt, this exclusive forum provision shall not be applicable to any action brought under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Company shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of Article XV of the Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation.

Unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. There exists uncertainty, however, as to whether such forum selection provisions of our Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation would be enforced by a court.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Empire Stock Transfer with an address at 1859 Whitney Mesa Drive, Henderson, Nevada 89014.

Listing

Our common stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “VIVK”.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

Each Selling Stockholder of the securities and any of their pledgees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of their securities covered hereby on Nasdaq or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the securities are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be at fixed or negotiated prices. A Selling Stockholder may use any one or more of the following methods when selling securities:

The Selling Stockholders may also sell securities under Rule 144 or any other exemption from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), if available, rather than under this prospectus.

Broker-dealers engaged by the Selling Stockholders may arrange for other brokers-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the Selling Stockholders (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of securities, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this Prospectus, in the case of an agency transaction not in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121; and in the case of a principal transaction a markup or markdown in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121.

In connection with the sale of the securities or interests therein, the Selling Stockholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the securities in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The Selling Stockholders may also sell securities short and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the securities to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The Selling Stockholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or create one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of securities offered by this prospectus, which securities such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).

The Selling Stockholders and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the securities may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the securities purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. Each Selling Stockholder has informed the Company that it does not have any written or oral agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute the securities.

The Company is required to pay certain fees and expenses incurred by the Company incident to the registration of the securities. The Company has agreed to indemnify the Selling Stockholders against certain losses, claims, damages and liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

We agreed to keep this prospectus effective until the earlier of (i) the date on which the securities may be resold by the Selling Stockholders without registration and without regard to any volume or manner-of-sale limitations by reason of Rule 144, without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information under Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other rule of similar effect or (ii) all of the securities have been sold pursuant to this prospectus or Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other rule of similar effect. The resale securities will be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers if required under applicable state securities laws. In addition, in certain states, the resale securities covered hereby may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.

Under applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, any person engaged in the distribution of the resale securities may not simultaneously engage in market making activities with respect to the Common Stock for the applicable restricted period, as defined in Regulation M, prior to the commencement of the distribution. In addition, the Selling Stockholders will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, including Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of the Common Stock by the Selling Stockholders or any other person. We will make copies of this prospectus available to the Selling Stockholders and have informed them of the need to deliver a copy of this prospectus to each purchaser at or prior to the time of the sale (including by compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).

LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the securities being offered by this prospectus has been passed upon for us by Lucosky Brookman LLP, Woodbridge, New Jersey.

EXPERTS

The consolidated balance sheets of Vivakor, Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for the years then ended, have been audited by Macias Gini & O’Connell, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in its report appearing herein and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of said firms as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the shares offered hereby. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits of the registration statement. For further information with respect to us and the securities being offered under this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules thereto.

The SEC maintains a website, which is located at www.sec.gov, which contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. You may access the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part at the SEC’s website. We are subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and we will file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.

VIVAKOR, INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

VIVAKOR, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS