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Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘10-K’ for 12/31/22

On:  Wednesday, 3/15/23, at 2:43pm ET   ·   For:  12/31/22   ·   Accession #:  1654954-23-2931   ·   File #:  1-41354

Previous ‘10-K’:  ‘10-K’ on 3/29/22 for 12/31/21   ·   Latest ‘10-K’:  This Filing   ·   24 References:   By:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘S-3’ on 8/15/23 By:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘POS AM’ on 8/15/23 By:  SEC – ‘UPLOAD’ on 6/14/23 By:  SEC – ‘UPLOAD’ on 5/23/23 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 2/10/23 for 2/7/23 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 1/27/23 for 1/26/23 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 10/27/22 for 10/25/22 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 9/28/22 for 9/22/22 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 8/26/22 for 8/25/22 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 7/7/22 for 6/30/22 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 6/2/22 for 5/26/22 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘S-8’ on 5/2/22 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 4/26/22 for 4/20/22 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – Previous ‘10-K’ on 3/29/22 for 12/31/21 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 3/3/22 for 2/25/22 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 1/20/22 for 1/14/22 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 1/4/22 for 12/29/21 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 12/29/21 for 12/22/21 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘8-K’ on 12/23/21 for 12/17/21 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘S-1/A’ on 11/26/21 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘S-1/A’ on 10/28/21 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘S-1/A’ on 7/20/21 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘S-1/A’ on 6/11/21 To:  Charge Enterprises, Inc. – ‘S-1’ on 2/12/21 

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  As Of               Filer                 Filing    For·On·As Docs:Size             Issuer                      Filing Agent

 3/15/23  Charge Enterprises, Inc.          10-K       12/31/22  112:14M                                    Blueprint/FA

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UNITED STATES 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form  i 10-K

For the fiscal year ended  i December 31, 2022

or

For the transition period from        to

Commission file number:  i 333-253073

( i 212)  i 921-2100

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐  i No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐  i No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  i Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  i Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  i ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  i ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes  i ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $ i 454.4 million on June 30, 2022 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second quarter) based on the closing price for the common stock of $4.77 on the Nasdaq Global Market on that date.

As of March 1, 2023, a total of 206,894,136 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, were issued and outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The information called for by Part III of Form 10-K (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) will be incorporated by reference from portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 2023. The Registrant expects to file its definitive Proxy Statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of the Registrant’s fiscal year of December 31, 2022.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance, and any other statements of a future or forward-looking nature, constitute “forward-looking statements” for the purpose of the federal securities laws. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our or our management’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions, our growth strategies and anticipated growth rates, expectations of achieving and maintaining profitability, project mix, and other characterizations of future events or circumstances, such as the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and supply chain disruptions and delays. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. These statements relate to future events or our future operational or financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under the section titled “Risk Factors”. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements.

Any forward-looking statement in this Annual Report on Form 10-K reflects our current view with respect to future events and is subject to these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to our business, results of operations, industry, and future growth. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance. You should read this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents that we reference herein and therein and have filed as exhibits hereto and thereto completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this report, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements as predictions of future results. Our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

Throughout this report the terms “Charge,” “we,” “our” or “us,” refer to Charge Enterprises, Inc. and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, unless stated or the context implies otherwise. The use of the term “partner” or “partnering” in this report does not mean or imply a formal legal partnership, and is not meant in any way to alter the terms of Charge’s relationship with any third parties.

ABBREVIATION GLOSSARY

RISK FACTOR SUMMARY

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in the section titled “Risk Factors,” that represent challenges that we face in connection with the successful implementation of our strategy. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in the section titled “Risk Factors,” alone or in combination with other events or circumstances, may have an adverse effect on our business, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations. Such risks include, but are not limited to:

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview             

Charge Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company” or “Charge”) is an electrical, broadband and electric vehicle (“EV”) charging infrastructure company that provides clients with end-to-end project management services, from advising, designing, engineering, acquiring and installing equipment, to monitoring, servicing, and maintenance. Our vision is to be a leader in enabling the next wave of transportation and connectivity. By building, designing, and operating seamless infrastructure for EVs and high-speed broadband, we aim to create a future where transportation is clean, efficient, and connected.  

The Company has two operating segments:

Infrastructure Segment

Infrastructure’s focus is to implement end-to-end solutions for customers that are custom designed to enhance connectivity, productivity, reduce the cost of operations, and improve the efficiency of commercial operations for our customers and their consumers. Our Infrastructure segment comprises several different businesses: Broadband and Wireless, Electrical Contracting Services, Electric Vehicle Charging and Fleet Services. 

Broadband and Wireless

Our Broadband and Wireless infrastructure business provides engineering and construction services specializing in the deployment of fixed and wireless broadband infrastructure. Our primary practice areas include network infrastructure deployment, tower services, in-building wireless engineering and implementation, remote maintenance and monitoring, and primary and secondary alternating current /direct current (“AC/DC”) back up power services, mainly in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic and Midwest regions of the United States. We offer our services through ANS Advance Network Services, LLC., (“ANS”), an operating subsidiary of Nextridge, Inc., a New York Corporation (“Nextridge”), which has been in operation for over 30 years. We often provide services under master or other service agreements, which are generally multi-year agreements. Our projects can vary in length from two to three months on average and depend on size and complexity. We have a customer base that includes large telecommunication and wireless service providers, contractors, government entities and enterprise organizations such as higher education institutions, stadiums and healthcare facilities.

Network Infrastructure - We provide end-to-end network design and implementation services for telecommunication and wireless carriers, cable companies and enterprise organizations. Our team has over 25 years of engineering and deployment experience with Regional Operating Bell Carriers (“ROBC”) and Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEM”) in creating physical network solution and implementing specifications for discrete projects or an entire network.

Tower Services - We provide cell tower construction and modification services for national and regional wireless service providers, tower owners, and federal, state, and local government agencies. Our services are in four distinct categories:

In-Building Wireless Services -We provide cellular distributed antenna systems (“DAS”) and bi-directional antenna (“BDA”) public safety systems from initial RF site assessment, through design, engineering, implementation, and testing. Our certified engineers and field technicians assess facility requirements and carrier coverage to determine the appropriate RF system for the facility.

Remote Maintenance and Monitoring Services - We provide a DAS maintenance and monitoring service, including an in-house 24 hour network operations center, utilizing Software-as-a-Service cloud-based software and customized maintenance programs. This service allows facility owners to proactively detect issues and reduce downtime. Our maintenance and monitoring service is customizable and scalable to meet the requirements of our customers. Our platform “Peel-It” provides stakeholders a dashboard with critical data, alerts and key performance indicators.

AC/DC Back Up Power Services - We design scalable and energy-efficient mission critical power systems to meet the demand of data equipment deployment for mission critical data centers. Our power engineers design, project manage and test AC undisrupted power systems, AC back-up generators, 48-volt DC rectifier and distribution systems, and AC/DC battery equipment.

Electrical Contracting Services

Our Electrical infrastructure business provides electrical and telecommunications construction and facilities services primarily in the New Jersey commercial and industrial markets. We offer our services through our operating subsidiary B W Electrical Services, LLC. (“BW”). Including our predecessor companies, our electrical infrastructure business has been in operation for over 50 years. Our services are provided to a broad range of commercial, industrial, and institutional facilities, including hospitality, recreational, educational, healthcare and pharmaceutical facilities, stadiums, building retrofits, standby power additions, emergency generators, photovoltaic infrastructure, and EV charging. Our electrical construction services cover electrical systems in all types of facilities and our services cover the operation, maintenance, and management of those facilities.

Our primary practice areas involve the design, integration, installation, start-up, operation and maintenance, and related services for:

Our projects can vary in length from six to 36 months on average and depend on size, complexity, availability of materials, union labor and coordination with local utilities. Over the past 20 years, substantially all of our services have been as a first-tier subcontractor to 15 general contractors.

Electrical Vehicle Charging

Our EVC infrastructure business provides end-to-end solutions for safe, reliable, flexible and scalable charging ecosystems. Our focus is to create custom, seamless, EV charging solutions nationwide for public and private sectors, including varying industry segments: automotive OEMs, retail automotive dealerships, commercial dealerships, fleet operators, managers and depots, workplace, destination, commercial retail, garages and parking lots and multi-family residential. We are electric vehicle service equipment (“EVSE”) agnostic to meet customer demands for multiple charging strategies, technologies, and models. Our management team has over 150 years of automotive OEM, retail, fleet, and distributor leadership expertise. With this expertise, we offer a complete functional solution that is scalable, flexible and seamless to the client including:

Currently, our strategy is to focus initially on the automotive industry, developing relationships today to scale with our customers for their future EV charging infrastructure requirements. Customers vary from dealership groups that own and operate multiple campuses representing multiple auto brands to dealerships representing a single brand. We also work with multi-family housing developments focused on providing public charging capabilities to residents that lack individually owned parking or garage space.

Our projects can vary in length from three to twelve months on average and depend on size, complexity, availability of EVSE, electrical components and coordination with local utilities for upgrades and incentive coordination. Projects typically include site evaluation, hardware consultation, design, engineering, construction and installation. Expert project management, tailored service and customer education are critical components impacting the entire customer experience.  

Our plan is to provide monitoring and maintenance on all projects thus generating recurring revenue. We are developing the technology specific to EVSE equipment to allow customers transparent and seamless monitoring of equipment regardless of hardware type and utilization.

Fleet Services

Our Fleet infrastructure business is focused on real estate solutions for commercial and fleet operators requiring parking. Our vision is to provide EV charging capabilities to these facilities and provide customers with a turnkey solution for parking and electrifying their fleets.

We offer our services through our operating subsidiary EVDepot, LLC (“EVDepot”). Based on our knowledge of the real estate market, we are able to find properties that would be desirable to fleet operators and secure leases for further re-lease to tenants. Our customers rely on our industry knowledge and relationships to secure the best locations for their business. As a result of our real estate development expertise, we may also be engaged to provide services on the property such as lighting, paving or security.   

Our Fleet business properties are typically located close to shipping ports, airports, and major thoroughfares. Currently, our properties are primarily within the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions.

Backlog

Estimated backlog represents the amount of revenue, within our Infrastructure segment, that we expect to realize on future work related to uncompleted projects, new contracts under which work has not begun, and change orders.  We only include projects within our backlog reporting if there is a signed contract, purchase order or other legally binding arrangement. Our projects can vary in length from several weeks to well over 18 months. Timing of revenue recognition for backlog projects can fluctuate due to customer changes, delays, supply chain disruptions or other project-related factors. There can be no assurance if actual results will be consistent with the estimates included in our forecasts. As a result, our backlog as of any particular date is an uncertain indicator of future revenue and earnings. Our methodology for determining backlog may not be comparable to the methodologies used by others. Backlog differs from the amount of our remaining performance obligations, which are described in Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. As of December 31, 2022, we have approximately $82 million in estimated revenue in our backlog.

Telecommunications Segment

Telecommunications provides routing of voice, data, and Short Message Services (“SMS”) to Carriers and Mobile Network Operators (“MNO”) globally and operates through our wholly owned subsidiary PTGi International Carrier Services, Inc. (“PTGi”). Our Telecommunications business has contractual relationships with service providers in over 45 countries primarily within Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and North and South America. We provide customers with internet-protocol-based and time-division multiplexing (“TDM”) access for the transport of long-distance voice and data minutes.

We operate a global telecommunications network consisting of domestic switching and related peripheral equipment, carrier-grade routers, and switches for internet and circuit-based services. To ensure high-quality communications services, our network employs digital switching and fiber optic technologies, incorporates the use of voice- over -internet protocols and Signaling System7 (“SS7/C7”) signaling, and is supported by comprehensive network monitoring and technical support services.

In select countries where competition with traditional post telegraph and telecommunications companies (“PTTs”) is limited, we have entered into foreign carrier agreements with other PTTs, or similar service providers to provide traffic into these countries and receive such countries’ traffic in return. We maintain relations with approximately 200 wholesale carriers, or similar providers, all of which are at-will arrangements. 

Telecommunications owns and operates network management systems in Ashburn, Virginia to monitor and control our switching systems, global data network, and other digital transmission equipment. Additional network monitoring, network management, and traffic management services are supported from our network management centers located in Guatemala City, Guatemala and Bucharest, Romania. The network management control centers provide 24/7 online service.

Growth Strategy

Our strategy is to drive growth within Infrastructure by leveraging our operating subsidiaries, investing in the high growth areas of EV charging and broadband, and acquiring strategic companies that will broaden our geographic footprint and skill teams. Our focus is as follows: 

Competition

Infrastructure

The businesses within our Infrastructure segment face competition from other charging and docking suppliers as they attempt to win the business of cities, wireless carriers, private companies, fleet managers and resellers. We compete based on price, relationship, presence, and the quality of our products and services.  

Our Broadband and Wireless business and Electrical Contracting Services Businesses face competition from local, regional, and national players. The competition is highly fragmented, categorized by specialized service providers in the network, tower, construction, engineering, and electrical industry. These companies range from small local independent companies to large national firms, including Mastec, Inc., Black Veatch Holdings, Jacobs Solutions, Inc., Henkels & McCoy, Inc., Dycom Industries, Inc., Quanta Services, Inc., Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson, Samsung Electronics America, Inc., Nokia Corporation, Motorola Mobility, LLC, Crown Castle International Corp, American Tower Corporation, and SBA Communications Corporation.

Our EVC infrastructure business faces competition from other EV charger installers. We believe our business model is differentiated by continued and consistent education of this emerging EVC space to both industry players and the client, providing dedicated client engagement and committed, thorough end-to-end project management with the goal of delivering a quality work product with integrity.

Our fleet infrastructure business faces competition from local, regional and national firms in the purchase or lease of real property. We also face competition from companies that provide fleet parking, trailer parking and drop yards, logistic groups with large yards, underutilized industrial space, and malls, buildings and real estate investment trusts with excess parking.

Telecommunications

Long Distance: We face significant competition as we attempt to expand our business from other telecommunications carriers and resellers. We compete on the basis of price, service quality, financial strength, relationship and presence. Sales of wholesale long-distance voice minutes are generated by connecting one telecommunications operator to another and charging a fee to do so.

Over-the- top (“OTT”) Applications: OTT Applications, such as WhatsApp, Skype, and FaceTime, continue to impact our long-distance business model. There can be no assurance that the current declines in the long-distance business globally driven by these applications will not increase; or that our business will not be impacted by the increased consumer adoption of such applications globally.

Government Regulation

Infrastructure

Infrastructure is subject to varying degrees of regulation in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates, including laws and regulations related to labor relations, wages, worker safety and numerous other laws and regulations, among them:

We are also subject to numerous environmental laws, regulations and programs, including the handling, transportation and disposal of non-hazardous and hazardous substances and wastes, laws governing emissions and discharges into the environment, including discharges into air, surface water, groundwater and soil. We also are subject to laws and regulations that impose liability and cleanup responsibility for releases of hazardous substances into the environment. Under certain of these laws and regulations, liabilities can be imposed for cleanup of properties, regardless of whether we directly caused the contamination or violated any law at the time of discharge or disposal. The presence of contamination from such substances or wastes could interfere with ongoing operations or adversely affect our business.

Local laws and regulations, and the interpretation of such laws and regulations, differ among those jurisdictions. There can be no assurance that future regulatory, judicial and legislative changes will not have a material adverse effect on us, domestic or international regulators or third parties will not raise material issues with regard to our compliance with applicable regulations, or regulatory activities will not have a material adverse effect on our business. Regulation impacting the greater EV industry continues to change rapidly in many jurisdictions which may affect the businesses advantageously or adversely depending on the decisions made.

Telecommunications

We are subject to varying degrees of regulation in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Local laws and regulations, and the interpretation of such laws and regulations, differ among those jurisdictions. There can be no assurance that future regulatory, judicial, and legislative changes or activities will not have a material adverse effect on us, or that domestic or international regulators or third parties will not raise material issues with regard to our regulatory compliance.

Regulation impacting the telecommunications industry continues to change rapidly in many jurisdictions. Privacy related laws and regulations, such as the European Union’s (“EU”) General Data Protection Regulation, USA’s Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act (“TRACED”) and associated caller identification authentication and fraudulent robocall mitigation rules, as well as privatization, deregulation, changes in regulation, consolidation, and technological change have had, and will continue to have, significant effects on the industry. Although we believe that deregulation with respect to portions of the telecommunications industry will continue and create opportunities for firms such as us, there can be no assurance that deregulation will continue, or if any regulatory changes implemented would benefit us.

As of December 31, 2022, our operating services are subject to the following material frameworks:

United States

In the United States, our Telecommunications services are subject to the provisions of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the “Communications Act”); other federal laws; the rules and orders of the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”); and the applicable laws and regulations of the various states.

International Service Regulation

The FCC has jurisdiction over common carrier services linking points in the U.S. to points in other countries and we provide such services. Providers of such international common carrier services must obtain authority from the FCC under Section 214 of the Communications Act. We have obtained the authorizations required to use, on a facilities-based and resale basis, various transmission media for the provision of international switched services and international private line services on a non-dominant carrier basis. The FCC is considering a number of possible changes to its rules governing international common carriers. We cannot predict how the FCC will resolve those issues or how its decisions will affect our international business. FCC rules permit non-dominant carriers such as us to offer some services on a de-tariffed basis, to compete to provide consumers with lower rates and choices among carriers and services.

In furtherance of its existing caller identification and fraudulent robocall mitigation rules, the FCC has adopted additional regulations for carriers delivering foreign-based call traffic to points in the U.S., including regulations that require us to comply with, in the internet protocol (“IP”) portions of our network the FCC’s Secure Telephone Identity Revisited (“STIR”) / Signature-based Handling of Asserted Information Using Tokens (“SHAKEN”) caller identification authentication framework to foreign-originated calls carrying U.S. numbers and to implement robocall mitigation practices for such calls, including an obligation to respond to traceback requests within 24 hours, implement mandatory call blocking based on existing FCC rules for US-originated calls, and implement know-your-customer policies. We already comply with all existing caller identification authentication and robocall mitigation rules applicable to our call traffic and have filed in the FCC’s Robocall Mitigation Database our robocall mitigation plan and the necessary certification confirming our compliance with the FCC’s caller identification and/or fraudulent robocall mitigation rules. To the extent the FCC adopts any further caller identification and/or fraudulent robocall mitigation rules applicable to our call traffic, we will comply with said rules.

Domestic Service Regulation

With respect to our domestic communications services, PTGi is considered a non-dominant interstate carrier subject to regulation by the FCC. FCC rules provide us significant authority to initiate or expand our domestic interstate operations, but we are required to obtain FCC approval to assume control of another telecommunications carrier or its assets, to transfer control of our operations to another entity, or to discontinue service. We are also required to file various reports and pay various fees and assessments to the FCC and various state commissions. Among other things, interstate common carriers must offer service on a nondiscriminatory basis at just and reasonable rates. The FCC has jurisdiction to hear complaints regarding our compliance or non-compliance with these and other requirements of the Communications Act and the FCC’s rules.  

FCC rules also require certain providers of retail long distance voice service to generate and retain various records regarding completion of calls to rural areas. Specifically, the rules require those providers to collect and retain information on long-distance call attempts such as, but not limited to, the called number, the date and time of the call, and the use of an intermediate provider. The rules also prohibit false audible ringing (the premature triggering of audible ring tones to the caller before the call setup request has reached the terminating service provider). While we are not directly subject to these rules, we may function as an intermediate provider within the meaning of these rules, which may require us to provide information to our customers regarding calls that we carry on their behalf. In addition, under Section 262 to the Communications Act of 1934, intermediate providers, such as us must register with the FCC and meet certain quality standards (now embodied in the FCC’s rules).

Interstate and international telecommunications carriers are required to contribute to the federal Universal Service Fund (“USF”). Carriers providing wholesale telecommunications services are not required to contribute with respect to services sold to customers that provide a written certification that the customers themselves will make the required contributions. We believe that we are in compliance with our USF obligations. If the FCC or the USF Administrator were to determine that the USF reporting for the Company, including our Communications services, are not accurate or in compliance with FCC rules, we could be subject to additional contributions, as well as to monetary fines and penalties. In addition, the FCC may revise its USF contribution mechanisms and the services considered when calculating the contribution. We cannot predict the outcome of any such revisions or their potential effect on our contribution obligations. Some changes to the USF under consideration by the FCC may affect certain entities more than others, and we may be disadvantaged as compared to our competitors as a result of FCC decisions regarding USF. In addition, the FCC may extend the obligation to contribute to the USF to certain services that we offer but that are not currently assessed USF contributions.

FCC rules require providers that originate interstate or intrastate traffic on or destined for the public switched telephone network (“PSTN”) to transmit the telephone number associated with the calling party to the next provider in the call path. Intermediate providers, such as ourselves, must pass calling party number (“CPN”) or charge number (“CN”) signaling information they receive from other providers unaltered, to subsequent providers in the call path. While we believe that we are in compliance with this rule, to the extent that we pass traffic that does not have appropriate CPN or CN information, we could be subject to fines, cease and desist orders, or other penalties.

Employees and Human Capital

As of December 31, 2022, we had 385 team members (“Team Members”), comprised of 332 employees, of whom 75 were represented by Unions or were subject to collective bargaining agreements, and 53 contractors/temporary labor. Of this total workforce, 317 were employed or contracted with Infrastructure, and 42 were employed or contracted with Telecommunications and 26 were employed or contracted with our non-operating Corporate segment.

Many of our activities are outsourced to contractors and consultants who provide services related to our operations and financial support. We believe there are available contractors with appropriate subject matter expertise for our current and near-term needs. We retain each contractor and consultant according to the terms of an agreement. Under such agreements, we generally pay them a fee and reimburse them for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in performing their services for us. In addition, we have in the past and may again in the future grant options to purchase our common stock to contractors and consultants, subject to the vesting requirements contained in their agreements. Our contractors and consultants may be employed by other entities and therefore may have commitments to their employer or may have other arrangements that may limit their availability to us.

We have not experienced any work stoppages, and we consider our relations with our employees to be good. To enable us to further develop and execute our growth strategy we will need to maintain and continue to hire additional experienced personnel as well as to rely on third-party contractors and consultants for certain activities.

We are committed to a work environment that is welcoming, inclusive and encouraging, and we believe that we can be at our best when we bring together diverse teams with different perspectives, experiences and ideas. In furtherance of our commitment to diversity, inclusion, and diverse perspectives in our organization, when evaluating candidates for nominations as new directors, we actively seek qualified persons of diverse backgrounds in the nomination process, as detailed in our Corporate Governance Guidelines.

The success of our business is fundamentally connected to the well-being of our employees. We provide competitive compensation and benefits programs to help meet the needs of our employees. In addition to salaries, these programs include potential annual discretionary bonuses, equity awards, healthcare and insurance benefits, health savings and flexible spending accounts, 401(k) plan with matching benefits, paid time off, family leave, and flexible work schedules, among others. We have also historically offered our employees the ability to work remotely and expect to continue to do so in the future. These benefits provide our employees choices where possible so they can customize their benefits to meet their needs and the needs of their families, as well as access to tools and resources to help them improve or maintain their health status and encourage engagement in healthy behaviors to improve their physical and mental health.

Significant Customers

The Company has two customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue and whose revenue in aggregate accounted for approximately 36% of the Company’s total revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, respectively. While we have other important customers, no other individual customer represents more than 10% of net sales.

Corporate History; Significant Organizational Events

We were originally incorporated in the state of Nevada on May 8, 2003, under the name “E-Education Network, Inc.” On August 10, 2005, we changed our name to “GoIP Global, Inc.” In December, 2017, we redomiciled from Nevada to Colorado. In connection with our acquisition of the Transworld Enterprises business (described below), we changed our name to “Transworld Holdings, Inc.” on August 7, 2020 and converted from a Colorado corporation to a Delaware corporation on October 1, 2020.  As our business continued to evolve and grow, on January 26, 2021, we adopted our current name of “Charge Enterprises, Inc.”

On April 30, 2020, we entered into an agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Transworld Enterprises pursuant to a Share Exchange Agreement, dated April 30, 2020, by and among us, Transworld Enterprises, and the shareholders of Transworld Enterprises (the “Share Exchange Agreement”). The transactions contemplated by the Share Exchange Agreement closed on May 8, 2020. In accordance with the Share Exchange Agreement, we acquired all the outstanding shares of Transworld Enterprises in exchange for 1,000,000 shares of each of our Series D and Series F preferred stock. The Series D preferred stock was convertible into 80% of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock upon consummation of a reverse stock split and voted on an as-converted basis. The Series F preferred stock is convertible into 80% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock at any time at the option of the holder and votes on an as-converted basis.

On July 13, 2020, our Board of Directors approved, subject to shareholder approval, (i) a Plan of Conversion, pursuant to which we would convert from a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Colorado to a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, and such approval includes the adoption of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws under the laws of the State of Delaware, and a change in our name from “GoIP Global, Inc.” to “Transworld Holdings, Inc.”, each of which became effective concurrently with the effectiveness of the conversion and (ii) a reverse stock split of our outstanding common stock in a ratio of one-for-five hundred (1:500), which became effective immediately prior to the effectiveness of the conversion. On October 1, 2020, we filed articles of amendment with the Colorado Secretary of State to effectuate the Reverse Stock Split. Immediately thereafter, we completed the conversion by filing our new Certificate of Incorporation with the State of Delaware.

On September 25, 2020, we entered into a stock acquisition agreement with the shareholders of GetCharged, Inc. (“GetCharged”) pursuant to which we agreed to acquire 100% of the outstanding voting securities of GetCharged in exchange for 60,000,000 shares of our common stock. The closing of the GetCharged acquisition occurred on October 12, 2020.

On October 2, 2020, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with the shareholders of PTGi pursuant to which we agreed to acquire 100% of the outstanding voting securities of PTGi in consideration for $892,000. The closing of the PTGi acquisition occurred on October 31, 2020.

Our wholly owned subsidiary, Charge Infrastructure Holding, Inc. (formerly known as Charge Infrastructure, Inc.), entered into a securities purchase agreement, dated May 7, 2021, with Nextridge pursuant to which we agreed to purchase all the issued and outstanding shares of Nextridge for an aggregate purchase price of $19,798,324. $6,850,000 of the aggregate purchase price payable to the shareholders of Nextridge was paid through the issuance of 2,395,105 shares of our Series B preferred stock (the “Series B Preferred”). The acquisition closed on May 21, 2021. Nextridge operates its business through its wholly owned subsidiary, ANS, a New York, limited liability company (“ANS”).

On December 22, 2021, Charge Infrastructure Holdings, Inc. entered into a Unit Purchase Agreement to acquire all the membership interests of B W Electrical Services LLC (“BW”), a New Jersey limited liability company. BW, founded in 2006 and headquartered in New Jersey, is an electrical contracting services firm specializing in commercial projects with a focus on ground-up construction. On December 27, 2021, we completed the acquisition and paid the sellers an aggregate cash amount of $13,500,000 plus 1,285,714 shares of our common stock.

On January 14, 2022, Charge Infrastructure Holdings, Inc. entered into, and simultaneously closed, an Agreement and Plan of Merger acquiring all of the membership interests of EV Group Holdings LLC, a New Jersey limited liability company (“EV Depot”) through a reverse triangular merger with Mergeco, Inc., a Delaware corporation, a newly formed wholly owned subsidiary of Charge Infrastructure Holdings, Inc. The sellers received cash consideration of $1,250,000 plus 5,201,863 shares of our common stock. EV Depot, headquartered in New Jersey, is focused on real estate solutions for commercial and fleet operators requiring parking, maintenance, and EV charging depot resources.

Available Information

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and other filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, (“SEC”), and all amendments to these filings, are available, free of charge, on our website at www.charge.enterprises as soon as reasonably practicable following our filing of any of these reports with the SEC.

In addition, our guidelines of corporate governance, code of business conduct and ethics (which includes the code of ethics applicable to our chief executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) and the governing charters for each standing committee of our board of directors are available free of charge on our website, as well as in print, to any stockholder upon request. You can also obtain copies free of charge by contacting our Investor Relations department at our office address listed above. The SEC also maintains a website that contains all the materials we file with, or furnish to, the SEC. Its website is www.sec.gov.

The contents of our website are not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any other document we file with the SEC, and any reference to our website is intended to be an inactive textual reference only.

Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 125 Park Avenue, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017, and our telephone number is (212) 921-2100. We maintain a website at www.charge.enterprises. Information contained on or accessible through our website is not, and should not be considered, part of, or incorporated by reference into, this report or any other report filed with or furnished to the SEC. We have included such website addresses only as inactive textual references and do not intend them to be active links. 

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

Our Business is subject to numerous risks, including, but not limited to those set forth below. You should consider carefully the risks described below together with the other information contained in this annual report. This annual report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of specific factors, including the risks described below.

INDEX TO RISK FACTORS

Risks Related to the Operation of Our Company 

Risks Related to Our Strategy

Risks Related to Our Infrastructure Segment

Risks Related to Our Telecommunications Segment

Risks Related to Owning Our Common Stock

Risks Related to Our Liquidity

Risks Related to Government Regulations and Legal Matters

Risks Related to the Operation of Our Company  

Widespread health developments, including the recent global COVID-19 pandemic, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business has been, and may continue to be, impacted by the fear of exposure to or actual effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in countries where we operate or our customers are located, such as recommendations or mandates from governmental authorities to close businesses, limit travel, avoid large gatherings or to self-quarantine, as well as temporary closures or decreased operations of the facilities of our customers, distributors or suppliers. These impacts include, but are not limited to:  

All of these impacts could place limitations on our ability to execute on our business plan and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.  

Labor shortages and supply chain disruptions could prevent us from meeting customer demand and negatively affect our financial results.

We and some of our third-party suppliers and service providers have experienced and may continue to experience a shortage of qualified labor at our and their facilities in certain geographies, due in part to COVID-19, related government programs and restrictions, and general macroeconomic factors. A prolonged shortage of qualified labor could decrease our third-party vendors’ ability to meet our demands and efficiently operate their facilities. Prolonged labor shortages could also lead to decreased productivity and increased labor costs from higher overtime, the need to hire temporary help to meet demand and higher wages rates in order to attract and retain employees. Any of these developments could materially increase our sourcing costs and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Particularly in 2021 and into 2022, shipping delays and related supply chain disruptions have been experienced worldwide, primarily as a result of the increased demand and the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, certain raw material prices increased in 2021 and 2022 and could remain at historically high levels in 2023 due to inflationary cost pressures and global transportation complexities. Over the past several months, we have experienced supply chain disruptions related to third-party vendors negatively impacted by availability of qualified labor, restrictions on employees’ ability to work, facility closures, disruptions to ports and other shipping infrastructure, border closures, other travel or health-related restrictions and increased raw material costs. These disruptions are impacting our supply chain for technology, construction materials, products, and supplies, and could negatively impact our financial results and our ability to execute our growth strategy and provide products and services to our customers, should they persist.

Increased geopolitical unrest and other events outside of our control could adversely affect the global economy or specific international, regional and domestic markets, which may cause our revenue and earnings to decline.  

Geopolitical risks, including those arising from trade tension and/or the imposition of trade tariffs, European fragmentation, unrest and terrorist activity, as well as acts of civil or international hostility, are increasing. Similarly, other events outside of our control, including equipment failures, labor shortages, labor strikes, earthquakes, power shortages, telecommunications failures, floods, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, terrorist activities, medical epidemics, riots, crime, acts of foreign enemies, war, nationalization, government sanction, blockage, embargo, widespread public health crises (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), and other natural or manmade disasters or business interruptions may arise from time to time and be accompanied by governmental actions that may increase international tension. Accordingly, our future success could be harmed by a variety of factors, which include, but are not limited to:

Any such events, and responses thereto, may cause significant volatility and declines in the global markets, disruptions to commerce (including to economic activity, travel and supply chains), loss of life and property damage, and may adversely affect the global economy or capital markets, as well our products, clients, vendors and employees, which may cause our revenue and earnings to decline. Our exposure to geopolitical risks may be heightened to the extent such risks arise in countries in which we currently operate or are seeking to expand its presence.  

Our limited operating history may make it difficult to evaluate the success of our business to date and to assess our future viability.  

The relatively short operating history makes it difficult to assess our future performance with certainty.

We only recently acquired or commenced each of the businesses that comprise our two lines of business and have limited experience with these activities and the revenue and income potential of our business is unproven. In addition, we have limited insight into trends that may emerge and affect our business, and therefore only minimal experience responding to such trends. We may make errors in predicting and reacting to relevant business trends and we will be subject to the risks, uncertainties and difficulties frequently encountered by early-stage companies in evolving markets. We may not be able to successfully address any or all of these risks and uncertainties. Failure to adequately do so could cause our business, results of operations and financial condition to suffer or fail.  

You should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks and difficulties we may encounter due to our limited operating history. Any predictions about our future success or viability may not be as accurate as they could be if we had a longer operating history.  In addition, as a young business, we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other known and unknown factors. Furthermore, some of these factors may be outside our control and leave us with no ability to control or reduce the chances that those risks will adversely impact our business.  

We depend on our key personnel to manage our business effectively in a rapidly changing market. If we are unable to attract and retain our key employees, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed. 

Our future success depends to a significant degree on the skills, efforts and continued services of our officers and other key engineering, project management, operations, sales, marketing and support personnel. Although all of them have substantial experience in relevant areas, there can be no assurance that their prior experience will be beneficial to us. Expansion of our business and the management and operation of our company will require additional managers and employees with industry experience, and our success will be highly dependent on our ability to attract and retain skilled management personnel and other employees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to attract or retain highly qualified personnel. As our industry continues to evolve, competition for skilled personnel with the requisite experience will be significant. This competition may make it more difficult and expensive to attract, hire and retain qualified managers and employees. If we were to lose the services of one or more of our key officers or other key engineering, project management, operations, sales, marketing and support personnel, we may not be able to grow our business as we expect, and our ability to compete could be harmed, adversely affecting our business and prospects.  

Rapid technological change in our market and/or changes in customer requirements could cause our products and services to become obsolete or require us to redesign our products and services, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.  

The market for our products and services is characterized by rapid technological change, frequent new product introductions and enhancements, uncertain product life cycles, changing customer demands and evolving industry standards, any of which can render existing products and services obsolete. In our Telecommunications Segment demand for long-distance voice calls has been declining and we expect will continue to decline. We believe that our future success will depend in large part on our ability to develop and offer new and effective products and services in a timely manner and on a cost-effective basis. As a result of the complexities inherent in our products, major new products and product enhancements can require long development and testing periods, which may result in significant delays in the general availability of new releases or significant problems in the implementation of new releases. In addition, if we or our competitors announce or introduce new products or services our current or future customers may defer or cancel purchases of our products and services, which could materially adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Our failure to develop successfully, on a timely and cost-effective basis, new products and services or new product enhancements that respond to technological change, evolving industry standards or customer requirements would have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Cybersecurity matters including those related to malware, viruses, hacking, phishing attacks and spamming could harm our business and results of operations.  

Malware, viruses, physical or electronic break-ins and similar disruptions could lead to interruption and delays in our services and operations and loss, misuse or theft of data. Malware, viruses, computer hacking and phishing attacks have become more prevalent and may occur on our systems in the future.  

Any attempts by hackers to disrupt our website or systems, if successful, could harm our business, be expensive to remedy and damage our reputation or brand. Our network security business disruption insurance may not be sufficient to cover significant expenses and losses related to direct attacks on our website or internal systems. Efforts to prevent hackers from entering our computer systems may be expensive to implement and may limit the functionality of our services. Though it is difficult to determine what, if any, harm may directly result from any specific interruption or attack, any failure to maintain performance, reliability, security and availability of our products and services and technical infrastructure may harm our reputation, brand and our ability to attract customers. Any significant disruption to our website or internal computer systems could result in a loss of customers and could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We have previously experienced, and may in the future experience, service disruptions, outages and other performance problems due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, third-party service providers, human or software errors and capacity constraints.  

Certain of our platforms function on software that is highly technical and complex and may now or in the future contain undetected errors, bugs, or vulnerabilities. Some errors in our software code may only be discovered after the code has been deployed. Any errors, bugs, or vulnerabilities discovered in our code after deployment, inability to identify the cause or causes of performance problems within an acceptable period of time or difficultly maintaining and improving the performance of our platform, particularly during peak usage times, could result in damage to our reputation or brand, loss of revenues, or liability for damages, any of which could adversely affect our business and financial results.  

We expect to continue to make significant investments to maintain and improve the availability of our platform and to enable rapid releases of new features and products. To the extent that we do not effectively address capacity constraints, upgrade our systems as needed and continually develop our technology and network architecture to accommodate actual and anticipated changes in technology, our business and operating results may be harmed.  

We have disaster recovery programs to transition our operating platforms and data to a failover location in the event of a catastrophe, however, there are several factors ranging from human error to data corruption that could materially lengthen the time our platform is partially or fully unavailable to our user base as a result of the transition. If our platform is unavailable for a significant period of time as a result of such a transition, especially during peak periods, we could suffer damage to our reputation or brand, or loss of revenues any of which could adversely affect our business and financial results.  

Economic downturns have historically led to reductions in demand for our services. Negative conditions in the credit markets, including rising interest rates, may adversely impact our ability to operate our business.

The level of demand from our clients for our services has been, in the past, adversely impacted by slowdowns in the industries we service, as well as in the economy in general. When the general level of economic activity has been reduced from historical levels, certain of our ultimate customers have delayed or canceled projects or capital spending, and such slowdowns adversely affect our ability to grow, reducing our revenues and profitability. A number of economic factors, including financing conditions, the prices of commodities, inflation and energy prices, have, in the past, adversely affected the industries we serve and our ultimate customers’ ability or willingness to fund expenditures. General concerns about the fundamental soundness of domestic and foreign economies may also cause ultimate customers to defer projects even if they have credit available to them. A prolonged stagnation or weakening in financial and macroeconomic conditions, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, could therefore have a significant adverse effect on our revenues and profitability.

Many of our clients depend on the availability of credit to help finance their capital and maintenance projects. At times, tightened availability of credit, rising inflation or increased interest rates have negatively impacted the ability of existing and prospective ultimate customers to fund projects we might otherwise perform, particularly those in the more profitable private sector. As a result, our ultimate customers may defer such projects for an unknown, and perhaps lengthy, period. Any such deferrals would inhibit our growth and would adversely affect our results of operations.

In a weak economic environment, particularly in a period of recession or restrictive credit markets, we may experience greater difficulties in collecting payments from, and negotiating change orders and/or claims with, our clients due to, among other reasons, a diminution in our ultimate customers’ access to the credit markets or potential bankruptcies. If clients delay in paying or fail to pay a significant amount of our outstanding receivables, or we fail to successfully negotiate a significant portion of our change orders and/or claims with clients, it could have an adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations, and financial position.

Our business has traditionally lagged recoveries in the general economy and, therefore, after an economic downtown we may not recover as quickly as the economy at large.

We may be party to legal proceedings that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity, financial position, and results of operations, as well as its reputation.

We have limited experience in litigation and other legal proceedings, but any lawsuit brought against us or legal proceeding that we may bring to enforce our rights could result in substantial costs, divert the time and attention of our management, result in counterclaims (whether meritorious or as a litigation tactic), result in substantial monetary judgments or settlement costs and harm our reputation, any of which could seriously harm our business. Any litigation or claim against us, even without merit, may cause us to incur substantial costs, and could place a significant strain on our financial resources, divert the attention of management from our core business, and harm our reputation.  

We have limited insurance coverage for various liabilities and damages, including potential injuries, and such insurance coverage may not be adequate in a catastrophic situation. 

We hold statutory workers compensation and employers liability insurance generally covering death or work-related injury of employees. We hold general liability insurance including products liability insurance covering bodily injury or property damage for certain incidents involving third parties that occur on or off the premises of our company.  Our insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover any claim for general liability and products liability, damage to our fixed assets, inventory or employee injuries. Any liability or damage to, or caused by, our facilities or our personnel beyond our insurance coverage may result in our incurring substantial costs and a diversion of resources.

Use of social media could give rise to liability, breaches of data security, or reputational harm. 

We and our employees use social media to communicate externally. There is risk that the use of social media by us or our employees to communicate about our business, products and services may give rise to liability, lead to the loss of trade secrets or other intellectual property, or result in public exposure of personal information of our employees, customers, and others. Furthermore, negative posts or comments about us or our business in social media could seriously damage our reputation, brand image, and goodwill. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition and could adversely affect the price of our common stock.

Risks Related to Our Strategy  

We may not be able to successfully implement our growth strategy.

Our future growth, profitability and results of operations depend upon our ability to successfully implement our business strategy, which, in turn, is dependent upon a number of factors, including our ability to continue to:

There can be no assurance that we can successfully achieve any or all of the above initiatives in the manner or time period that we expect. Furthermore, achieving these objectives will require investments which may result in short-term costs without generating any current revenues and therefore may be dilutive to our earnings. We cannot provide any assurance that we will realize, in full or in part, the anticipated benefits we expect our strategy will achieve. The failure to realize those benefits could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we are not able to obtain and deploy capital effectively and on acceptable terms, we may not be able to effectively execute our growth strategy.

A large part of our growth strategy includes opportunistically growing capital by acquiring other companies and businesses. We may not be able to identify attractive acquisition candidates that fit this strategy. Even if we are able to identify acquisition candidates, we may not be able to acquire interests in those companies due to an inability to reach mutually acceptable financial or other terms with those companies or due to competition from other potential acquirers that may have greater resources, brand name recognition, industry contacts or flexibility of structure than we do. The recent turmoil in the global economy has caused significant declines and fluctuations in the valuations of publicly-traded companies and privately-held companies. Uncertainty regarding the extent to which valuations of companies that fit our acquisition strategy will continue to fluctuate may affect our ability to accurately value potential acquisition candidates. Additionally, ongoing weak economic conditions may make it more difficult for us to obtain affordable capital needed to deploy to new and existing partner companies. If we are unable to effectively deploy capital to partner companies on acceptable terms, we may not be able to execute on our strategy, and our business may be adversely impacted.

Moreover, we expect to encounter intense competition for acquisition and business opportunities from both strategic investors and other entities having a business objective similar to ours, such as private investors (which may be individuals or investment partnerships), blank check companies, and other entities, that may compete for the same type of businesses that we look to acquire. Many of these competitors possess greater technical, human and other resources, or more local industry knowledge, or greater access to capital, than we do, and our financial resources may be relatively limited when contrasted with those of many of these competitors. These factors may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully completing future acquisitions and investments.  

Acquisitions and strategic transactions could involve unknown risks or we may not realize the benefit of recent or future business acquisitions or strategic investments, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.  

As part of our growth strategy, we engage in discussions relating to possible acquisitions and other strategic transactions from time to time, some of which may be significant in size or impact. Transactions of this nature create substantial demands on management, operational resources, technology, and financial and internal control systems, and can be subject to government approvals or other closing conditions beyond the parties' control. For acquired businesses, we may face difficulties with integrating these businesses, managing expanded operations, achieving operating or financial synergies in expected timeframes or in new products or geographic markets.

There are inherent uncertainties involved in identifying and assessing the value, strengths, and profit potential, as well as the weaknesses, risks, and contingent and other liabilities of acquisition targets, which can be affected by changes in business, industry, market or general economic conditions. Moreover, the financing of any acquisition can have a material impact on our liquidity, credit ratings and financial position. Alternatively, issuing equity to pay all or a portion of acquisition purchase price would dilute our existing shareholders.

Future acquisitions or strategic investments may not be successful and may harm our operating results.  

Future acquisitions or strategic investments could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results because of:  

Fully integrating an acquired company or business into our operations may take a significant amount of time. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in overcoming these risks or any other problems encountered with acquisitions and other strategic transactions. These risks may prevent us from realizing the expected benefits from acquisitions and could result in the failure to realize the full economic value of a strategic transaction or the impairment of goodwill and/or intangible assets recognized at the time of an acquisition. These risks could be heightened if we complete a large acquisition or multiple acquisitions within a short period of time.

Subsequent to consummation of any acquisition, we may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition, results of operations and our stock price.  

Even if we conduct extensive due diligence on a target business with which we acquire, we cannot assure you that this examination will uncover all material risks that may be presented by a particular target business, or that factors outside of the target business and outside of our control will not later arise. Even if our due diligence successfully identifies the principal risks, unexpected risks may arise and previously known risks may materialize in a manner not consistent with our preliminary risk analysis. As a result, from time to time we may be forced to write-down or write-off assets such as intangibles or goodwill, restructure our operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in our reporting losses. For example, we wrote down $18.1 million of Get Charged goodwill and other fixed assets in the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Even though these charges may be non-cash items and not have an immediate impact on our liquidity, the fact that we report charges of this nature could contribute to negative market perceptions about us or our securities. In addition, charges of this nature may cause us to violate net worth or other covenants to which we may be subject as a result of assuming pre-existing debt held by a target business or by virtue of our obtaining post-combination debt financing.

As we execute our business strategy, we expect to expand our Business and, as a result, we may encounter difficulties in managing our growth, which could disrupt our operations.

We have experienced rapid growth over the past couple of years. We acquired Get Charged, PTGi, ANS, BW and EV Depot and the number of Team Members has grown from 44 as of December 31, 2020 to 385 as of December 31, 2022. Over the next several years, we expect to continue to experience significant growth in the number of our Team Members and the scope of our operations. To manage our anticipated future growth, including the development of our EV Charge Infrastructure business, we must continue to implement and improve our managerial, operational and financial systems, expand our facilities and recruit and train additional qualified personnel. Future growth would impose significant added responsibilities on management. Due to our limited financial resources and the limited experience of our management team in managing a technology company with such anticipated growth, we may not be able to effectively manage the expansion of our operations or recruit and train additional qualified personnel. The expansion of our operations may lead to significant costs and may divert our management and business development resources. Any inability to manage growth could delay the execution of our business plans or disrupt our operations and would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully operate acquired businesses, become profitable in the future, or effectively manage any other change.

Risks Related to Our Infrastructure Segment

Our success is dependent on the continued deployment and popularity of our existing products and services, our continued innovation and successful launches of new products and services, and our customers’ funding. We may not be able to anticipate or make timely responses to changes in the preferences of consumers. 

The market for our products and services is characterized by rapid technological change, changing customer needs, frequent new product introductions and evolving industry standards. These market characteristics are exacerbated by the emerging nature of this market and the fact that many companies are expected to continually introduce new and innovative products and services. The success of our operations depends on our ability to introduce new or enhanced wireless network products, EV charging solutions, battery buffering technology and storage, and other new products. Consumer preferences differ across and within each of the regions in which we operate or plan to operate and may shift over time in response to changes in demographic and social trends, economic circumstances, and the marketing efforts of our competitors. There can be no assurance that our existing wireless network products, EVC, storage, and service stations will continue to be favored by consumers or that we will be able to anticipate or respond to changes in consumer preferences in a timely manner. Our failure to anticipate, identify or react to these particular preferences could adversely affect our sales performance and our profitability. In addition, a portion of our customer base is within the public sector which relies on governmental funding, which could change depending on the environment, political party in power, and leadership.

In addition, new or enhanced products and services introduced by us may contain undetected errors that require significant design modifications. This could result in a loss of customer confidence which could adversely affect the use of our products, which in turn, could have a material adverse effect upon our business, results of operations or financial condition.  

We rely substantially on external suppliers for specific materials including radios, antennas, steel framing, wire, small to major electrical equipment, EVC equipment, energy storage, and service.

We rely on suppliers to provide the raw materials and components that we use in our product installation. In some cases, there are a limited number of equipment specific suppliers which creates a reliance on these manufacturers and increases our risk of inability to deliver our product or service. We expect to continue to rely on external suppliers for a substantial percentage of our requirements in the future. We cannot assure that we will be able to maintain our existing relationships with these suppliers and continue to be able to source the raw materials, equipment and technology we use in our operations on a stable basis and at a reasonable price or at all. Thus, our business could be adversely affected if one or more of our suppliers is impacted by any interruption at a particular location. Some of our larger projects could have a duration of up to five years, therefore creating more risk for procuring the proper equipment and commodity type materials throughout the life of the job to completion.

Our growth is highly dependent upon the adoption and use by consumers of broadband and EVs as well as the products and services we provide.  

The market for our products within Infrastructure is relatively new, rapidly evolving, characterized by rapidly changing technologies, price competition, additional competitors, evolving government regulation and industry standards, long development cycles for certain equipment manufacturers, and changing consumer demands and behaviors. Factors that influence the purchase and use of our products include:  

The influence of any of the factors described above may negatively impact the widespread consumer adoption of our products which would materially adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.  

Our ability to deploy and install our and other organizations’ physical wireless network elements and EV charging equipment is dependent on outside government regulation which can be subject to change at any time.  

Our ability to deploy and install physical wireless network elements and EV charging units is dependent on the outside government regulation such as transportation ordinances by municipalities, FTC and other relevant government laws and regulations. The laws and regulations concerning the deployment of our products and services may be subject to change and if they do then our products and services may no longer be in the best interest of our company. At such point, we may no longer want to sell these products and services and therefore investments in our company may be adversely affected.  

If we are unable to keep up with advances in designing, deploying and testing 4G and 5G systems and EVC technology, we may suffer a decline in our competitive position.  

The broadband and EVC industries are experiencing rapid technological change. If we are unable to keep up with changes in technology, our competitive position may deteriorate which would materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition. As technologies change, we plan to upgrade or adapt our networks, charging stations and software in order to continue to provide our services with the latest technology. However, due to our limited cash resources, our efforts to do so may be limited. As a result, we may be unable to grow, maintain and enhance our products and services. Any failure of our products and services to compete effectively with competitors will harm our business, operating results and prospects.  

We are in an intensely competitive industry and there can be no assurance that we will be able to compete with our competitors who may have greater resources.  

We face strong competition from competitors in broadband and EVC services industries, including competitors who could duplicate our models for delivery. Many of these competitors may have substantially greater financial, marketing and development resources and other capabilities than us. In addition, there are very few barriers to entry into the market for our services. There can be no assurance, therefore, that any of our current and future competitors, many of whom may have far greater resources, will not independently develop services that are substantially equivalent or superior to our services. Therefore, an investment in our business is very risky and speculative due to the competitive environment in which we may operate.  

Our competitors may be able to provide customers with different or greater capabilities or benefits than we can provide in areas such as technical qualifications, past contract performance, geographic presence and price. Furthermore, many of our competitors may be able to utilize substantially greater resources and economies of scale to develop competing products and technologies, divert sales away from us by winning broader contracts or hire away our employees by offering more lucrative compensation packages. In the event that the market for our products and services expands, we expect that competition will intensify as additional competitors enter the market and current competitors expand their product lines. In order to secure contracts successfully when competing with larger, well-financed companies, we may be forced to agree to contractual terms that provide for lower aggregate payments to us over the life of the contract, which could adversely affect our margins. Our failure to compete effectively with respect to any of these or other factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition or operating results.  

Availability of qualified International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (“IBEW”) Union Labor and our ability to negotiate an acceptable collective bargaining agreement may affect our ability to complete contracts within established budgets and schedules.  

One of our operating subsidiaries relies entirely on labor provided through a collective bargaining agreement. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 75 employees were represented by IBEW that covers employees in New Jersey. The collective bargaining agreement with the IBEW covering these employees or any other agreements with other unions may increase our expenses or affect our ability to implement operational changes. Increased unionization of our workforce and any labor disputes we experience could create disruption or have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Renegotiations of the agreement or disagreements with the union on important issues may lead to a strike, work slowdown, or other job actions that could disrupt our services. If our competitors are not unionized, we could lose customers to such competitors.

Existing and future environmental, health and safety regulations as well as criteria established by tower and wireless carriers could result in increased compliance costs or loss of work.  

Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations can be complex and may be subject to change. The nature and extent of these changes may have material effects on our business. Specifically, within the broadband space, our customers have strict safety regulations that all vendors must adhere to which can be costly and impede our growth and profitability or preclude us from bidding and winning new contracts if not in compliance.  

The cost and availability of insurance carriers willing to insure high risk activities associated with the deployment of radio and antenna equipment of communications tower infrastructure could be limited.  

Our broadband business requires our employees to climb towers and perform various activities that could be deemed dangerous. We are dependent on the availability of reasonably priced insurance to conduct these activities and remain in business, which are contingent on maintaining certain safety performance metrics that are driven by governmental and customer standards. In addition, many of our government contracts require bonding which are negotiated with insurance companies and are subject to financial stability requirements.  

Risks Related to Our Telecommunications Segment

We are substantially smaller than some of our major competitors, whose marketing and pricing decisions, and relative size advantage could adversely affect our ability to attract and to retain customers. These major competitors are likely to continue to cause significant pricing pressures that could adversely affect our net revenues, results of operations, and financial condition.  

The carrier services telecommunications industry is significantly influenced by the marketing and pricing decisions of the larger business participants. The rapid development of new technologies, services, and products has eliminated many of the traditional distinctions among wireless, cable, internet, and local and long-distance communication services. We face many competitors in this market, including telephone companies, cable companies, wireless service providers, satellite providers, and application and device providers. We face competition for voice trading services from telecommunications service providers’ traditional processes and new companies. Once telecommunications service providers have established business relationships with competitors to us, it could be extremely difficult to convince them to utilize our services. These competitors may be able to develop services or processes that are superior to our services or processes, or that achieve greater industry acceptance.  

Many of our competitors are significantly larger than us and have substantially greater financial, technical and marketing resources, larger networks, a broader portfolio of service offerings, greater control over network and transmission lines, stronger name recognition, and customer loyalty and long-standing relationships with our target customers. As a result, our ability to attract and retain customers may be adversely affected. Many of our competitors enjoy economies of scale that result in low-cost structures for transmission and related costs that could cause significant pricing pressures within the industry.  

Our ability to compete effectively will depend on, among other things, our network quality, capacity and coverage, the pricing of our products and services, the quality of our customer service, our development of new and enhanced products and services, the reach and quality of our sales and distribution channels, and our capital resources. It will also depend on how successfully we anticipate and respond to various factors affecting our industry, including new technologies and business models, changes in consumer preferences and demand for existing services, demographic trends, and economic conditions. While growth through acquisitions is a possible strategy for our Telecommunications business, there are no guarantees that any acquisitions will occur, nor are there any assurances that any acquisitions would improve the financial results of our business. If we are not able to respond successfully to these competitive challenges, we could experience reduced revenues.  

Any failure of our Telecommunications’ physical infrastructure, including undetected defects in technology, could lead to significant costs and disruptions that could reduce our revenue and harm our business reputation and financial results.  

We depend on providing customers with highly reliable service and must protect our infrastructure and any collocated equipment from numerous factors, including: human error, physical or electronic security breaches, fire and natural disasters, water damage, power loss, terrorism, sabotage and vandalism.  Problems at one or more of our exchange delivery points, whether or not within our control, could result in service interruptions or significant equipment damage. Any loss of services, equipment damage inability to detect or block fraudulent robocalls, or inability to terminate voice calls or supply internet capacity could reduce the confidence of customers and could consequently impair our ability to obtain and retain customers, which would adversely affect both our ability to generate revenues and our operating results.  Such problems could also result in an investigation and/or enforcement action by the FCC, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), the Department of Justice (“DOJ”), and/or state attorneys general or civil lawsuits by customers.

Telecommunications’ positioning in the marketplace and intense domestic and international competition in these services places a significant strain on our resources, which, if not managed effectively, could result in operational inefficiencies and other difficulties.  

To manage market positioning effectively, we must continue to implement and improve operational and financial systems and controls, invest in critical network infrastructure to expand coverage and capacity, maintain or improve service quality levels, purchase and utilize other transmission facilities, evolve support and billing systems, and train and manage our employee base. If we inaccurately forecast the movement of traffic onto our network, we could have insufficient or excessive transmission facilities and disproportionate fixed expenses. As we proceed with the development of our business, operational difficulties could arise from additional demand placed on customer provisioning and support, billing and management information systems, product delivery and fulfillment, support, sales and marketing, administrative resources, network infrastructure, maintenance, and upgrading. For instance, we may encounter delays or cost-overruns or suffer other adverse consequences in implementing new systems, when required.  

If our Telecommunications business is not able to operate a cost-effective network, we may not be able to operate our business successfully.  

Our success depends on our ability to design, implement, operate, manage, maintain, and upgrade a reliable and cost-effective network infrastructure. In addition, we rely on third-party equipment and service vendors to manage our global network through which we provide our services. If we fail to generate traffic, experience technical or logistical impediments to the development of necessary aspects of our network or the migration of traffic and customers onto our network, or if we experience difficulties with third-party providers, we may not achieve desired economies of scale or otherwise be successful in our business.  

Our Telecommunications network infrastructure has several hardware and software technological risks and limitations.  

Our Telecommunications business is the source of most of our revenues and any damages to or loss of our equipment or any problem with or limitation of our telecommunications network, whether accidental or otherwise, including network, hardware, and software failures, may result in adverse government enforcement actions or litigations, a reduction in the number of our customers or usage level by our customers, our inability to attract new customers, or increased maintenance costs, all of which would have a negative impact on our results of operations. The development and operation of our telecommunications network is subject to problems and technological risks, including:  

Our operations also rely on a stable supply of utilities service. We cannot assure you that future supply instability will not impair our ability to procure required utility services in the future, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.  

Changes in the regulatory framework under which our Telecommunications business operates could adversely affect our business prospects or results of operations.  

Our domestic operations are subject to regulation by federal and state agencies, and our international operations are regulated by various foreign governments and international bodies. These regulatory regimes may restrict or impose conditions on our ability to operate in designated areas and to provide specified products or services. We are frequently required to maintain licenses for our operations and conduct our operations in accordance with prescribed standards. We are from time to time involved in regulatory and other governmental proceedings or inquiries related to the application of these requirements. It is impossible to predict with any certainty the outcome of pending federal and state regulatory proceedings relating to our operations, or the reviews by federal or state courts of regulatory rulings. Moreover, new laws or regulations or changes to the existing regulatory framework could affect how we manage our wireline and wireless networks, impose additional costs, impair revenue opportunities, and potentially impede our ability to provide services in a manner that would be attractive to us and our customers.  

Service interruptions due to natural disasters or unanticipated problems with our network infrastructure could result in customer loss.  

Natural disasters or unanticipated problems with our network infrastructure could cause interruptions in the services we provide. The failure of a switch and our back-up system would result in the interruption of service to the customers served by that switch until necessary repairs are completed or replacement equipment is installed. The successful operation of our network and its components is highly dependent upon our ability to maintain the network and its components in reliable enough working order to provide sufficient quality of service to attract and maintain customers. Any damage or failure that causes interruptions in our operations or lack of adequate maintenance of our network could result in the loss of customers and increased maintenance costs that would adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.  

We have backup data for our key information and data processing systems that could be used in the event of a catastrophe or a failure of our primary systems and have established alternative communication networks, where available. However, we cannot assure you that our business activities would not be materially disrupted if there were a partial or complete failure of any of these primary information technology systems or communication networks. Such failures could be caused by, among other things, software bugs, computer virus attacks or conversion errors due to system upgrading. In addition, any security breach caused by unauthorized access to information or systems, or intentional malfunctions or loss or corruption of data, software, hardware or other computer equipment, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.  

We could be adversely affected if major suppliers fail to provide needed equipment and services on a timely or cost-efficient basis or are unwilling to provide us credit on favorable terms.   

We rely on a few strategic suppliers and vendors to provide us with equipment, materials and services that we need to expand and operate our business. There are a limited number of suppliers with the capability of providing the network equipment and platforms that our operations and expansion plans require or the services that we require to maintain our extensive and geographically widespread networks. In addition, because the supply of network equipment and platforms requires detailed supply planning and this equipment is technologically complex, it would be difficult for us to replace the suppliers of this equipment. Suppliers of cables that we need to extend and maintain our networks may suffer capacity constraints or difficulties in obtaining the raw materials required to manufacture these cables.  

We also depend on network installation and maintenance services providers, equipment suppliers, call centers, collection agencies and sales agents for network infrastructure and services to satisfy our operating needs. Many suppliers rely heavily on labor; therefore, any work stoppage or labor relations problems affecting our suppliers could adversely affect our operations. Suppliers may, among other things, extend delivery times, raise prices, and/or limit supply due to their own shortages and business requirements. Moreover, who may rely on the ability to obtain credit insurance on us in determining whether or not to extend short-term credit in the form of accounts receivables. To the extent that these suppliers are unable to obtain such insurance they may be unwilling to extend credit. Similarly, interruptions in the supply of telecommunications equipment for networks could impede network development and expansion. If these suppliers fail to deliver products and services on a timely and cost-efficient basis that satisfies our demands or are unwilling to sell to us on favorable credit terms or at all, we could experience disruptions, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.  

Risks Related to Owning Our Common Stock

Our share price is likely to be volatile due to factors beyond our control and may drop below prices paid by investors; investors could lose all of their investment in our Company.

All readers of this report should consider an investment in our common stock as speculative, involving a high degree of risk, and invest in our common stock only if the purchaser can withstand a significant loss and wide fluctuations in the market value of an investment. Potential investors should be aware that the value of an investment in our Company may go down as well as up. In addition, there can be no certainty that the market value of an investment in our Company will fully reflect its underlying value.

Investors may be unable to sell their shares of our common stock at or above the price they paid for their shares due to fluctuations in the market price of our common stock arising from factors affecting our Infrastructure segment and Telecommunications segment, our strategic objectives as well as changes in our operating performance or prospects. In addition, the stock market is subject to significant volatility, particularly with respect to which may or may not be related to the underlying performance of our business. Some of the factors that may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate include the risks discussed herein, in addition to other factors, including, but are not limited to:

Due to these risks and the other risks described in this report, investors could lose their entire investment in our Company.

Our common stock has historically been characterized by low and/or erratic trading volume, and the intraday per share price of our common stock has fluctuated between $1.18 and $8.46 during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

As of April 12, 2022, our common stock became quoted on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “CRGE.” Historically, the public market for our common stock has been characterized by low and/or erratic trading volume, often resulting in price volatility. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the average daily trading volume for our common stock was approximately 701,650 shares. In addition, the price of our common stock has been volatile. The closing prices of our common stock on January 3, 2022 and December 30, 2022 were $3.58 and $1.24, respectively. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, our common stock had a low closing price of $1.24 and a high closing price of $7.93. 

The market price of our common stock is subject to wide fluctuations due to a number of factors, including but not limited to our growth strategy, market perception, macroeconomic outlook, decisions by business partners regarding product development, market conditions in the infrastructure and telecommunications industry, announcements concerning our competitors, and impacts of public health crises, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, many of which we cannot control.

Furthermore, the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuation unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations can adversely affect the market price and volatility of our common stock.

Because our common stock may be deemed a low-priced “penny” stock, an investment in our common stock should be considered high-risk and subject to marketability restrictions.  

Historically, the trading price of our common stock has generally been $5.00 per share or lower, and deemed a penny stock, as defined in Rule 3a51-1 under the Exchange Act, and subject to the penny stock rules of the Exchange Act specified in rules 15g-1 through 15g-100. Those rules require broker-dealers, before effecting transactions in any penny stock, to:

Consequently, the penny stock rules may restrict the ability or willingness of broker-dealers to sell the common stock and may affect the ability of holders to sell their common stock in the secondary market and the price at which such holders can sell any such securities. These additional procedures could also limit our ability to raise additional capital in the future.  

There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the continued listing standards of the Nasdaq Global Market. Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Global Market could result in a de-listing of our common stock. 

We cannot assure you that we will be able to comply with the standards that we are required to meet in order to maintain a listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market. If we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Global Market, such as the corporate governance requirements, the minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share or the minimum stockholder’s equity requirement, we could be subject to delisting of our common stock, fines, sanctions and other regulatory action and potentially civil litigation. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair our shareholders’ ability to sell or purchase our common stock when they wish to do so. In the event of a delisting, we would take actions to restore our compliance with the Nasdaq Global Market’s listing requirements, but we can provide no assurance that any action taken by us would result in our common stock becoming listed again, or that any such action would stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our common stock.

FINRA sales practice requirements may also limit a stockholder’s ability to buy and sell our common stock, which could depress the price of our common stock. 

FINRA has adopted rules that require a broker dealer to have reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer before recommending an investment to a customer. Prior to recommending low priced securities to their noninstitutional customers, broker dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA believes that there is a high probability that speculative low-priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. Thus, the FINRA requirements make it more difficult for broker dealers to recommend that their customers buy our common stock, which may limit their ability to buy and sell our shares of common stock, have an adverse effect on the market for our shares of common stock, and thereby depress our price per share of common stock.

Future issuances of our common stock or rights to purchase our common stock pursuant to our equity incentive plan or outstanding options could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause our share price to fall.

We are authorized to grant equity awards, including stock grants and stock options, to our employees, directors and consultants, covering up to 75 million shares of common stock pursuant to our 2020 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2020 Plan”) in addition to 10.5 million shares of common stock under a stock purchase agreement granted to an affiliate of an executive officer of the Company (the “Executive Agreement”). As of December 31, 2022, we had stock options for the purchase of up to 49.6 million shares of common Stock outstanding under the 2020 Plan and Executive Agreement as well as availability under the 2020 Plan to issue up to approximately 34.6 million shares of common stock. Future issuances as well as the possibility of future issuances, under our 2020 Plan, the Executive Agreement or other equity incentive plans or grants could cause the market price of our common stock to decrease.

Investors may experience dilution of their ownership interests because of the future issuance of additional shares of our common or preferred stock or other securities that are convertible into or exercisable for our common or preferred stock. 

As of December 31, 2022, we had 206,844,580 shares of common stock and warrants for the purchase up to 17,902,565 shares of common stock outstanding. All of these warrants are exercisable as of the date of this filing (subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations) as follows: 7,600,000 warrants at an exercise price of $0.50 per share, 4,062,195 warrants at an exercise price of $2.00 per share, 4,240,370 warrants at an exercise price of $4.00 per share and 2,000,000 warrants at an exercise price of $8.50 per share. We also have 6,226,370 shares of our Series C Preferred Stock outstanding, which is convertible into 6,226,370 shares of common stock, and 1,177,023 shares of our Series D Preferred Stock outstanding, which is convertible into 29,425,556 shares of common stock. The holders of Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock are entitled to quarterly cumulative dividends in cash, or at the option of the Company, in shares of common stock, or a combination thereof. The Series D Preferred Stock also contains an anti-dilution right whereby the conversion ratio is subject to adjustment if the Company issues common stock or common stock equivalents at a price less than $0.4248 per share, which would result in the issuance of a greater number of shares of common stock upon conversion of the Series D Preferred Stock. As described more fully below, holders of our warrants and Preferred Stock may elect to receive a substantial number of shares of common stock upon exercise of the warrants and/or conversion of the Preferred Stock. The amount of common stock reserved for issuance may have an adverse impact on our ability to raise capital and may affect the price and liquidity of our common stock in the public market. In addition, the issuance of these shares of common stock will have a dilutive effect on current stockholders’ ownership.

In the future, to raise needed financing, we are likely to issue our authorized but previously unissued equity securities, resulting in the dilution of the ownership interests of our stockholders at the time of such issuances. We are authorized to issue an aggregate of 750 million shares of common stock and 20 million shares of “blank check” preferred stock. We may issue additional shares of our common stock or other securities that are convertible into or exercisable for our common stock in connection with hiring or retaining employees, future acquisitions, future sales of our securities for capital raising purposes or for other business purposes. The future issuance of any such additional shares of our common stock may create downward pressure on the trading price of our common stock. There can be no assurance that we will not be required to issue additional shares, warrants or other convertible securities in the future in conjunction with these capital raising efforts, including at a price (or exercise prices) below the price a stockholder at the time of such securities issuance paid for such stockholder’s stock.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will depend, in part, on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us and our business. Securities and industry analysts may choose not to publish research on our Company. If an insufficient number of securities or industry analysts provide coverage of our Company, the trading price for our stock would likely be negatively impacted. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. In addition, if our operating results fail to meet the forecast of analysts, our stock price would likely decline. Further, if one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our Company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

Our executive officers and directors can significantly influence matters submitted to our stockholders for approval.  

As of December 31, 2022, our executive officers and directors, in the aggregate, beneficially own shares representing approximately 25.5% of our common stock. Beneficial ownership includes shares over which an individual or entity has investment or voting power and includes shares that could be issued upon the exercise of options and warrants within 60 days after the date of determination. On matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share. If our executive officers and directors choose to act together, they would have significant influence over all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, as well as our management and affairs. For example, these individuals, if they chose to act together, would have significant influence on the election of directors and approval of any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. This concentration of voting power could delay or prevent an acquisition of our company on terms that other stockholders may desire.

Provisions in our corporate charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

Provisions in our corporate charter and our by-laws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control of us that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock, thereby depressing the market price of our common stock. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our Board. Because our board is responsible for appointing the members of our management team, these provisions could, in turn, affect any attempt by our stockholders to replace current members of our management team. Among others, these provisions:

Moreover, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a person who owns in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner.

Our bylaws designate certain courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.

Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) will be the exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company; (ii) any action asserting a claim for breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, employee, or agent of ours to us or our stockholders; (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or the bylaws; or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine (the “Delaware Forum Provision”). In addition, our bylaws provide that any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our common stock is deemed to have notice of and consented to the Delaware Forum Provision.

The Delaware Forum Provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.  

We recognize that the Delaware Forum Provision in our bylaws may impose additional litigation costs on stockholders in pursuing any such claims, particularly if the stockholders do not reside in or near the State of Delaware. Additionally, the Delaware Forum Provision may limit our stockholders’ ability to bring a claim in a forum that they find favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees even though an action, if successful, might benefit our stockholders. The Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the United States District Court may also reach different judgments or results than would other courts, including courts where a stockholder considering an action may be located or would otherwise choose to bring the action, and such judgments may be more or less favorable to us than our stockholders. If the enforceability of our forum selection provisions were to be challenged, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such challenge. While we currently have no basis to expect any such challenge would be successful, if a court were to find our forum selection provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of these specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with having to litigate in other jurisdictions, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our employees, management and board of directors.  

We are an “emerging growth company” and as a result of our reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies, our common stock may be less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, and we intend to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We could remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest to occur of (i) December 31, 2026, (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.235 billion or more; (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. We cannot predict whether investors will find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist shareholders, and such activism could impact the trading value of our securities.

Shareholders may, from time to time, engage in proxy solicitations or advance shareholder proposals, or otherwise attempt to effect changes and assert influence on our Board of Directors and management. Activist campaigns that contest or conflict with our strategic direction or seek changes in the composition of our Board of Directors could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. A proxy contest would require us to incur significant legal and advisory fees, proxy solicitation expenses and administrative and associated costs and require significant time and attention by our Board of Directors and management, diverting their attention from the pursuit of our business strategy. Any perceived uncertainties as to our future direction and control, our ability to execute on our strategy, or changes to the composition of our Board of Directors or senior management team arising from a proxy contest could lead to the perception of a change in the direction of our business or instability which may result in the loss of potential business opportunities, make it more difficult to pursue our strategic initiatives, or limit our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners, any of which could adversely affect our business and operating results. If individuals are ultimately elected to our Board of Directors with a specific agenda, it may adversely affect our ability to effectively implement our business strategy and create additional value for our shareholders. We may choose to initiate, or may become subject to, litigation as a result of a proxy contest or matters arising from a proxy contest, which would serve as a further distraction to our Board of Directors and management and would require us to incur significant additional costs. In addition, actions such as those described above could cause significant fluctuations in our stock price based upon temporary or speculative market perceptions or other factors that do not necessarily reflect the underlying fundamentals and prospects of our business.

We do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock.

Cash dividends have never been declared or paid on our common stock and we do not anticipate such a declaration or payment for the foreseeable future. We expect to use future earnings, if any, to fund business growth. Therefore, our stockholders will likely not receive any funds absent a sale of their shares of our common stock. If we do not pay dividends, our common stock may be less valuable because a return on an investment in shares of our common stock will only occur if our stock price appreciates. We cannot assure stockholders of a positive return on their investment when they sell their shares, nor can we assure that stockholders will not lose the entire amount of their investment.

Risks Related to Our Liquidity  

We are a holding company and our only material assets consists of cash in hand, equity interests in our operating subsidiaries and our other investments. As a result, our principal source of revenue and cash flow are distributions from our subsidiaries.  

As a holding company, our assets consist of cash and cash equivalents, the equity interests in our subsidiaries and other investments. Our principal source of revenue comes from our Telecommunications business and Infrastructure business. Thus, our ability to manage our operations and finance future acquisitions is dependent on the ability of our subsidiaries to generate sufficient net income and cash flows to make upstream cash distributions to us. Our subsidiaries are separate legal entities, and although they may be wholly-owned or controlled by us, they have no obligation to make any funds available to us, whether in the form of loans, dividends, distributions or otherwise. The ability of our subsidiaries to distribute cash will remain subject to, among other things, availability of sufficient funds and applicable state laws and regulatory restrictions and, potentially, contractual restrictions or debt covenants applicable to such subsidiaries. Claims of creditors of our subsidiaries generally will have priority as to the assets of such subsidiaries over our claims and claims of our creditors and stockholders. To the extent the ability of our subsidiaries to distribute dividends or other payments to us could be limited in any way, our ability to grow, pursue business opportunities or make acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, or otherwise fund and conduct our business could be materially limited.

We are highly leveraged and have substantial indebtedness, which reduces our capability to withstand adverse developments or business conditions. If we incur additional indebtedness, such indebtedness could further exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial indebtedness.

We have incurred substantial amounts of indebtedness in connection with acquisitions and to finance our working capital. At December 31, 2022, the carrying value of our total aggregate indebtedness, including collateralized indebtedness, was approximately $24.2 million. Because we are highly leveraged, our payments on our indebtedness are significant in relation to our revenues and cash flow, which exposes us to significant risk in the event of downturns in our businesses (whether through competitive pressures or otherwise), our industry or the economy generally, because our cash flows would decrease, but our required payments under our indebtedness would not. Any decrease in our revenues or an increase in operating costs (and corresponding reduction in our cash flows) would therefore adversely affect our ability to make interest or principal payments on our indebtedness as they come due.

Economic downturns may also impact our ability to comply with the covenants and restrictions in our credit facilities and other agreements governing our indebtedness and may impact our ability to pay or refinance our indebtedness as it comes due. If we do not repay or refinance our debt obligations when they become due and do not otherwise comply with the covenants and restrictions in our indentures, credit facilities and other agreements governing our indebtedness, we would be in default under those agreements and the underlying debt could be declared immediately due and payable. In addition, any default under any of our credit facilities or other agreements governing our indebtedness could lead to an acceleration of debt under any other debt instruments or agreements that contain cross-acceleration or cross-default provisions. If the indebtedness incurred under our credit facilities and other agreements governing our indebtedness were accelerated, we would not have sufficient cash to repay amounts due thereunder. To avoid a default, we could be required to defer capital expenditures, sell assets, seek strategic investments from third parties or otherwise reduce or eliminate discretionary uses of cash. However, if such measures were to become necessary, there can be no assurance that we would be able to sell sufficient assets or raise investment capital sufficient to meet our scheduled debt maturities as they come due. In addition, any significant reduction in necessary capital expenditures could adversely affect our ability to retain our existing customer base and obtain new customers, which would adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations.

To satisfy our indebtedness and other obligations, we will require a significant amount of cash.  

Our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control and any failure to service our outstanding indebtedness could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness and to fund working capital needs and planned capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. This, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, business, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. If our business does not generate sufficient cash flow from operations or if future borrowings are not available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us and our subsidiaries to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before the maturity thereof, sell assets, reduce or delay capital investments or seek to raise additional capital, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us.  

In addition, we may not be able to affect any of these actions, if necessary, on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Our ability to restructure or refinance our indebtedness will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. The terms of existing or future debt instruments or preferred stock may limit or prevent us from taking any of these actions. In addition, any failure to make scheduled payments of interest and principal on our outstanding indebtedness or dividend payments on our outstanding shares of preferred stock would likely result in a reduction of our credit rating, which could harm our ability to incur additional indebtedness or otherwise raise capital on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our debt service and other obligations, or to refinance or restructure our obligations on commercially reasonable terms or at all, would have an adverse effect, which could be material, on our business, financial condition and results of operations.  

We have experienced significant historical, and may experience significant future, operating losses and net losses, which may hinder our ability to meet working capital requirements or service our indebtedness, and we cannot assure you that we will generate sufficient cash flow from operations to meet such requirements or service our indebtedness.  

We have incurred significant losses in our limited operating history. As of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, we have an accumulated deficit of $173.6 million and a net loss of $30.3 million. We cannot assure you that we will recognize net income in future periods. If we cannot generate net income or sufficient operating profitability, we may not be able to meet our working capital requirements or service our indebtedness. Our ability to generate sufficient cash for our operations will depend upon, among other things, the future financial and operating performance of our operating business, which will be affected by prevailing economic and related industry conditions and financial, business, regulatory and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. 

We cannot assure you that our business will generate cash flow from operations in an amount sufficient to fund our liquidity needs, including our indebtedness that matures and comes due in 2023.  Although we are engaged in discussions regarding refinancing our near-term maturities and expect to have sufficient liquidity to meet our needs for the next 12 months, no assurance can be provided that we will be able to do so. If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient, we may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets and/or seek additional capital or financings. Our ability to obtain future financings will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any financings could be at high interest rates and may require us to comply with covenants in addition to, or more restrictive than, covenants in our current financing documents, which could further restrict our business operations. In the absence of such operating results and resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our obligations. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions for fair market value or at all. Furthermore, any proceeds that we could realize from any such disposition may not be adequate to meet our obligations.  

We expect to need additional funding to continue our current level of operations and growth.  

Revenues generated from our current operations are not sufficient to pay on-going operating expenses and we anticipated continuing to incur significant operating expenses and net losses in future quarters for the near term. We believe our acquisitions of PTGi, ANS, BW and EVDepot will increase our profitability and contribute toward funding operating expenses, but we can provide no assurance that we will achieve or maintain profitability in the future. Historically, our working capital needs have been primarily funded by sales of our securities. We may continue to obtain additional funding from sales of our securities or from strategic transactions in order to fund our current level of operations. We have not identified the sources for additional financing that we may require, and we do not have commitments from third parties to continue to provide this financing. Being a small-cap stock, certain investors may be unwilling to invest in our securities.

To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders will experience further dilution. If we raise funds through debt financings, we may become subject to additional restrictive covenants. We may also attempt to raise funds through corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements. To the extent that we raise additional funds through such means, we may be required to relinquish some rights to our technologies or products, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. There is no assurance that sufficient funding through a financing will be available to us at acceptable terms or at all.

Given the risks associated with our business, the risks associated with our common stock, the worldwide financial uncertainty that has affected the capital markets, and our status as a small, unknown public company, we expect in the near future, we may have difficulty raising capital through traditional financing sources. Therefore, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to raise capital, or if we are able to raise capital, that such capital will be in the amounts needed. Our failure to raise capital, when needed, and in sufficient amounts, could impact our ability to continue to develop our business as planned. In addition, if we are unable to obtain funding as, and when needed, we may have to further reduce and/or cease our future operations.

We are subject to significant restrictive covenants under the agreements governing our indebtedness and preferred stock.

The agreements governing our indebtedness contain various negative covenants that restrict our ability to, among other things:

As discussed in Item 8. Note 10, we are also subject to certain affirmative covenants under the ANS and BW Lines of Credit, which, among other things, require us and our operating subsidiaries to maintain a specified debt service and debt to net worth or earnings ratios. Our ability to meet these financial ratios may be affected by events beyond our control and, as a result, there can be no assurance that we will be able to meet these ratios.

Until February 25, 2025, the holders of our Series C preferred stock and Series D preferred stock have the right to participate in future financings that involve the issuance of indebtedness, common stock or common stock equivalents. Such participation right may restrict our ability to secure such financing unless the holders of our Series C preferred stock and Series D preferred stock waive their right to participate or the persons providing the financing accept the participation of the holders of the Series C preferred stock and Series D preferred stock.

Violation of these covenants could result in a default that would permit the relevant creditors to require the immediate repayment of the borrowings thereunder, which could result in a default under other debt instruments and agreements that contain cross-default provisions, including the notes payable and ANS and BW lines of credit. A default under any of the agreements governing our indebtedness could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. As a result, we may be:

These restrictions could have a material adverse effect on our ability to grow in accordance with our strategy and on the value of our equity securities.

Our business is highly dependent on a number of factors with variability which can limit our forecasting ability.  

We are currently developing various sources of revenues based on market conditions and the type of products and services that we are marketing. As such, the amount of revenues we receive from the sale and use of our products and services will fluctuate and depend upon our customers’ willingness to buy our products and services. As with any developing enterprise operating in a specialized and intensely competitive market, we are subject to many business risks which include, but are not limited to, unforeseen negative publicity, competition, product liability and lack of operating experience. Many of the risks may be unforeseeable or beyond our control. There can be no assurance that we will successfully implement our business plan in a timely manner, or generate sufficient interest in our products or services, or that we will be able to market and sell enough products and services to generate sufficient revenues to continue as a going concern. 

Our expense levels in the future will be based, in large part, on our expectations regarding future revenue, and as a result net income/loss for any quarterly period in which material orders are delayed could vary significantly. In addition, our costs and expenses may vary from period to period because of a variety of factors, including our research and development costs, our introduction of new products and services, cost increases from third-party service providers or product manufacturers, production interruptions, changes in marketing and sales expenditures, and competitive pricing pressures.

Risks Related to Government Regulations and Legal Matters

Changes to federal, state or international laws or regulations applicable to our company could adversely affect our business.  

Our business is subject to a variety of federal, state and international laws and regulations, including those with respect to government incentives promoting fuel efficiency and alternate forms of energy, electric vehicles and others. These laws and regulations, and the interpretation or application of these laws and regulations, could change. Any reduction, elimination or discriminatory application of government subsidies and economic incentives because of policy changes, fiscal tightening or other reasons may result in diminished revenues from government sources and diminished demand for our products. In addition, new laws or regulations affecting our business could be enacted. These laws and regulations are frequently costly to comply with and may divert a significant portion of management’s attention. If we fail to comply with these applicable laws or regulations, we could be subject to significant liabilities which could adversely affect our business.  

There are many federal, state and international laws that may affect our business, including measures to regulate charging systems, electric vehicles, and others. If we fail to comply with these applicable laws or regulations, we could be subject to significant liabilities which could adversely affect our business.  

There are a number of environmental and transportation related matters under review and discussion with respect to government regulations which may affect the business we intend to enter, harm our customers, and pose challenges to our vendors and suppliers, thereby adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, incentives from governments or utilities may not materialize or may be reduced, which could reduce demand for EVs and slow the growth of EVC infrastructure.  

Changes in tax laws or regulations that are applied adversely to us may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

New tax laws or regulations could be enacted at any time, and existing tax laws or regulations could be interpreted, modified or applied in a manner that is adverse to us, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) in 2017 resulted in many significant changes to the U.S. tax laws, including changes in corporate tax rates, the utilization of our net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards, or NOLs, and other deferred tax assets, the deductibility of expenses, and the taxation of foreign earnings. Future guidance from the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities with respect to the TCJA may affect us, and certain aspects of the TCJA could be repealed or modified by future legislation. For example, The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act modified certain provisions of the Tax Act. In addition, it is uncertain if and to what extent various states will conform to the TCJA, the CARES Act, or any newly enacted federal tax legislation. The impact of changes under the TCJA, the CARES Act, or future reform legislation could increase our future U.S. tax expense and could have a material adverse impact on our business and financial condition. We urge our stockholders to consult with their legal and tax advisors with respect to these legislations and the potential tax consequences of investing in or holding our common stock.

We are subject to anti-corruption laws, as well as export control laws, customs laws, sanctions laws and other laws governing our operations. If we fail to comply with these laws, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, other remedial measures and legal expenses, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our operations are subject to anti-corruption laws, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and other anti-corruption laws that apply in countries where we operate or may do business in the future. The FCPA and these other laws generally prohibit us, our officers and our employees and intermediaries from bribing, being bribed or making other prohibited payments to government officials or other persons to obtain or retain business or gain some other business advantage. We may in the future operate in jurisdictions that pose a high risk of potential FCPA violations, and we may participate in collaborations and relationships with third parties whose actions could potentially subject us to liability under the FCPA or local anti-corruption laws. In addition, we cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which our international operations might be subject or the manner in which existing laws might be administered or interpreted. Because our business is heavily regulated, it therefore involves significant interaction with public officials. We have or will have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or government-affiliated hospitals, universities and other organizations.

We are also subject to other laws and regulations, including regulations administered by the governments of the United States, United Kingdom, and authorities in the EU, including applicable export control regulations, economic sanctions on countries and persons, customs requirements and currency exchange regulations, which we collectively refer to as Trade Control Laws. There is no assurance that we will be completely effective in ensuring our compliance, or the compliance of our employees, agents, suppliers, manufacturers, contractors, or collaborators, with all applicable anti-corruption laws, including the FCPA or other legal requirements, including Trade Control Laws. If we are not in compliance with the FCPA, the UK Bribery Act 2010 and other anti-corruption laws or Trade Control Laws, we may be subject to criminal and civil penalties, disgorgement and other sanctions and remedial measures, and legal expenses. The SEC also may suspend or bar issuers from trading securities on U.S. exchanges for violations of the FCPA’s accounting provisions. Any of the foregoing could have an adverse impact on our reputation in the industry as well as our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

Failure to comply with laws relating to employment could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.

We are subject to various employment-related laws in the jurisdictions in which our employees are based. We face risks if we fail to comply with applicable U.S. federal or state wage laws. Any violation of applicable wage laws or other labor-or employment-related laws could result in complaints by current or former employees, adverse media coverage, investigations and damages or penalties which could have a materially adverse effect on our reputation, business, operating results and prospects. In addition, responding to any such proceeding may result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources, significant defense costs and other professional fees.

Existing and future environmental health and safety laws and regulations could result in increased compliance costs or additional operating costs or construction costs and restrictions. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations may result in substantial fines or other limitations that may adversely impact our financial results or results of operation.

Our operations, as well as those of our contractors, suppliers and customers, are subject to certain environmental laws and regulations, including laws related to the use, handling, storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes as well as electronic wastes and hardware, whether hazardous or not. These laws may require us or others in our value chain to obtain permits and comply with procedures that impose various restrictions and obligations that may have material effects on our operations. If key permits and approvals cannot be obtained on acceptable terms, or if other operational requirements cannot be met in a manner satisfactory for our operations or on a timeline that meets our commercial obligations, it may adversely impact our business.

Environmental and health and safety laws and regulations can be complex and may be subject to change, such as through new requirements enacted at the supranational, national, sub-national and/or local level or new or modified regulations that may be implemented under existing law. The nature and extent of any changes in these laws, rules, regulations and permits may be unpredictable and may have material effects on our business. Future legislation and regulations or changes in existing legislation and regulations, or interpretations thereof, including those relating to hardware manufacturing, electronic waste or batteries, could cause additional expenditures, restrictions and delays in connection with our operations as well as other future projects, the extent of which cannot be predicted.

Further, we currently rely on third-parties to ensure compliance with certain environmental laws, including those related to the disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Any failure to properly handle or dispose of such wastes, regardless of whether such failure is ours or our contractors, may result in liability under environmental laws, including, but not limited to, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), under which liability may be imposed without regard to fault or degree of contribution for the investigation and clean-up of contaminated sites, as well as impacts to human health and damages to natural resources. Additionally, we may not be able to secure contracts with third-parties to continue their key supply chain and disposal services for our business, which may result in increased costs for compliance with environmental laws and regulations.

Our ability to compete could be jeopardized and our business seriously compromised if we are unable to protect ourselves from third-party challenges or infringement of the proprietary aspects of the wireless location products and technology we develop.

Our products utilize a variety of proprietary rights that are critical to our competitive position. Because the technology and intellectual property associated with our products are evolving and rapidly changing, our current intellectual property rights may not adequately protect us in the future. We rely on a combination of intellectual property rights and contractual restrictions to protect the intellectual property utilized in our products. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology. In addition, monitoring unauthorized use of our products is difficult and we cannot be certain the steps we have taken will prevent unauthorized use of our technology. Because legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property rights are uncertain and still evolving, the future viability or value of our intellectual property rights is uncertain. Moreover, effective patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available in some countries in which we distribute or anticipate distributing our products. Furthermore, our competitors may independently develop similar technologies that limit the value of our intellectual property, design or patents. In addition, third parties may at some point claim certain aspects of our business infringe their intellectual property rights. While we are not currently subject to nor aware of any such claim, any future claim (with or without merit) could result in one or more of the following:  

Any of these developments could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In the future, we may also need to file lawsuits to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Whether successful or unsuccessful, such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources. Such costs and diversion could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.  

Being a public company is expensive and administratively burdensome.

As a public reporting company, we are subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the Exchange Act and other federal securities laws, rules and regulations related thereto, including compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”). Complying with these laws and regulations requires the time and attention of our Board and management and increases our expenses. Among other things, we must:

The cost of preparing and filing annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC and furnishing annual reports containing audited financial statements to stockholders is expensive. Compliance with these rules and regulations may continue to require us to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel and will involve significant regulatory, legal and accounting expenses and the attention of management, including as a result of changing laws, regulations and standards. There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the applicable regulations in a timely manner, if at all. Furthermore, if we are unable to satisfy our obligations as a public company, we could be subject to delisting of our common stock, fines, sanctions and other regulatory action and potentially civil litigation.

Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Section 404”) requires us to evaluate and report on our internal controls over financial reporting and, depending on our future growth, may require our independent registered public accounting firm to annually attest to our evaluation, as well as issue their own opinion on our internal controls over financial reporting. The process of implementing and maintaining proper internal controls and complying with Section 404 is expensive and time consuming. We cannot be certain that the measures we will undertake will ensure that we will maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future. Furthermore, if we are able to rapidly grow our business, the internal controls that we will need will become more complex, and significantly more resources will be required to ensure our internal controls remain effective. Failure to implement required controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. If we or our auditors discover a material weakness in our internal controls, the disclosure of that fact, even if the weakness is quickly remedied, could diminish investors’ confidence in our financial statements and harm our stock price. In addition, non-compliance with Section 404 could subject us to a variety of administrative sanctions, including the suspension of trading, ineligibility for future listing on one of the Nasdaq Stock Markets or national securities exchanges, and the inability of registered broker-dealers to make a market in our common stock, which may reduce our stock price.  

Additionally, there continues to be public interest and increased legislative pressure related to public companies’ environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) activities. We risk negative stockholder reaction, including from proxy advisory services, as well as damage to our brand and reputation, if we do not act responsibly in several key areas, including diversity and inclusion, environmental stewardship, support for local communities, corporate governance and transparency and employing ESG strategies in our operations.   

In addition, being a public company makes it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance. Premiums for director and officer insurance can vary substantially from year-to-year and have recently been increasing due to the growth in threatened and actual suits across public companies. In the future, we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain this coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified executives and members of our Board, particularly directors willing to serve on our audit committee. 

If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting standards generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as discussed under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included elsewhere in this Annual Report and in our consolidated financial statements included herein. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include those related to stock-based compensation, revenue recognition, leases, goodwill and income taxes. Our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the price of our common stock.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We do not own real properties. We lease our principal executive offices located at 125 Park Avenue, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017, which automatically renews for successive one (1) month periods on the same terms, provided neither party terminates the agreement within (30) days prior to the end of the initial term.

Nextridge leases its corporate office space located at 12 Elmwood Road, Albany, New York 12204-3025. The lease commenced May 21, 2021 and ends May 21, 2026. Nextridge also leases warehouses at 7099 Huntley Road Unit 103, Columbus, Ohio 43215, and 2100 Byberry Road, Philadelphia, PA 19116. The Huntley Road lease commenced on May 1, 2022, and terminates on April 30, 2023. The Byberry Road lease commenced on May 1, 2022, and terminates on April 30, 2024. The lease is renewable on one-year terms.

Nextridge also leases offices for the Charge Infrastructure business located at 34100 Woodward Ave., Birmingham, MI 48009. The lease commenced December 1, 2022 and terminates on November 30, 2025. The lease is renewable for two separate one-year terms.

BW leases office space located at 239 Homestead Road, Hillsborough, NJ 08844. The lease commenced December 1, 2018 and ends November 30, 2023. The lease is renewable in one five-year term.

We do not anticipate any difficulties in renewing any of our leases that are due to expire within the next several years or in leasing other space, if required. We believe that our facilities and equipment generally are well maintained, in good condition and suitable for our purposes and adequate for our present operations.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time we may be involved in legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. We are currently not a party to any legal proceedings that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Market Information

Our common stock has been listed on the Nasdaq Global Market since April 12, 2022. Our common stock was quoted on the Pink Open Market from January 27, 2021 to April 11, 2022. Our common stock is currently quoted under the trading symbol “CRGE”.

Holders

As of March 1, 2023, there were 1,038 holders of record of our common stock. This number does not include “street name,” or beneficial holders, whose shares are held of record by banks, brokers, financial institutions and other nominees. The transfer agent for our common stock is Manhattan Transfer Registrar Company, whose address is 3B Sheep Pasture Road, Port Jefferson, New York 11777.

Dividends

We have not paid any dividends on our common stock to date. We do not anticipate that we will pay dividends in the foreseeable future but rather intend to use any future earnings for the development and expansion of our business. Any future payment of cash dividends on our common stock will be dependent upon (i) the amount of funds legally available, (ii) our earnings, if any, (iii) our financial condition, (iv) anticipated capital requirements, and (v) all other factors as our board of directors may find relevant at the time.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds from Registered Offerings

Except as set forth below, we did not sell any of our equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2022 that were not registered under the Securities Act and were not previously reported on a Current Report on Form 8-K filed by us.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we issued 6,111,318 shares of common stock upon the exercise of previously issued warrants generating cash proceeds of $1.1 million. 

We deemed the issuances of the securities described above to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, including Regulation D and Rule 506 promulgated thereunder, relative to transactions by an Issuer not involving a public offering.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliate Purchasers

None.

ITEM 6. RESERVED.

Not applicable.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our audited financial statements and related notes included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion and other parts of this report contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A “Risk Factors.”

Overview

Charge Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company” or “Charge”) is an electrical, broadband and electric vehicle (“EV”) charging infrastructure company that provides clients with end-to-end project management services, from advising, designing, engineering, acquiring and installing equipment, to monitoring, servicing, and maintenance. Our vision is to be a leader in enabling the next wave of transportation and connectivity. By building, designing, and operating seamless infrastructure for EVs and high-speed broadband, we aim to create a future where transportation is clean, efficient, and connected.  

The Company has two operating segments:

Infrastructure

Infrastructure’s focus is to implement end-to-end solutions for customers that are custom designed to enhance connectivity, productivity, reduce the cost of operations, and improve the efficiency of commercial operations for our customers and their consumers. Our Infrastructure segment comprises several different offerings: Broadband & Wireless, Electrical Contracting Services, Electric Vehicle Charging and Fleet Services.

Telecommunications

Telecommunications provides routing of voice, data, and Short Message Services (“SMS”) to Carriers and Mobile Network Operators (“MNO”) globally and operates through our wholly owned subsidiary PTGi International Carrier Services, Inc. (“PTGi”). Telecommunications business has contractual relationships with service providers in over 45 countries primarily within Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and North and South America. We provide customers with internet-protocol-based and time-division multiplexing (“TDM”) access for the transport of long-distance voice and data minutes.

We operate a global telecommunications network consisting of domestic switching and related peripheral equipment, carrier-grade routers, and switches for internet and circuit-based services. To ensure high-quality communications services, our network employs digital switching and fiber optic technologies, incorporates the use of voice-over-internet protocols and SS7/C7 signaling, and is supported by comprehensive network monitoring and technical support services.

Comparability to Past Periods

Acquisitions

Due to acquisitions made over the course of 2021 and 2022, we are presenting both reported and pro forma results for consolidated operations and our segments. Results of acquisitions are included in reported results from the date of acquisition closure. Within Infrastructure, the Company acquired ANS on May 21, 2021, BW on December 27, 2021, and EV Depot on January 14, 2022.

Our pro forma presentation assumes a full twelve month period for all our operations, including acquisitions, for 2021 and 2022 as if the acquisitions closed on the first days of the period and provides commentary on the variances for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, as presented in the accompanying tables.

Management believes that presenting pro forma results is important to understand our financial performance, providing better analysis of trends in our underlying businesses as it allows for comparability to prior period results. The unaudited pro forma results of operations are not intended to represent or be indicative of the consolidated results of operations or financial condition of our company that would have been reported had the acquisitions been completed as of their respective dates and should not be construed as representative of the future consolidated results of operations or financial condition of the combined entity.

Consolidated Results of Operations

Comparison of the Reported results for years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Revenues

Revenues increased $220.8 million to $697.8 million. The 46% increase in revenue was driven by the acquisitions of ANS, BW, and EV Depot, organic growth in ANS and an increase in wholesale traffic volumes within Telecommunications.

Cost of goods sold

Costs of goods sold increased $204.1 million to $669.6 million. The 44% increase in cost of goods sold was directly related to the increase in customer revenue within both Telecommunications and Infrastructure. Overall gross margin percentage was higher compared to 2021 driven by the acquisitions of ANS, BW, and EV Depot, partially offset by a decline in margin in Telecommunications.

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation increased $4.8 million to $35.4 million. The increase was due to new option grants to members of the Board, newly hired employees, and employees who joined our company as part of an acquisition.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses increased $6.4 million to $14.4 million. The increase was attributable to higher consulting, investor relations, and marketing expense related to growing the business and costs associated with our uplist to Nasdaq and the acquisitions of ANS, BW, and EV Depot.

Salaries and related benefits

Salaries and benefits increased $7.9 million to $16.7 million. The increase was principally attributable to investments in personnel associated with growth and the acquisitions of ANS, BW, and EV Depot.

Professional fees

Professional services fees increased $1.4 million to $3.3 million. The increase was primarily due to higher legal and accounting fees related to acquisitions, our uplist to Nasdaq, and expenses related to regulatory requirements.

Depreciation and amortization expense

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $5.8 million to $6.4 million. The increase was driven by amortization of intangible assets associated with the acquisitions of ANS, BW, and EV Depot, which included measurement period adjustments in 2022 of $0.5 million related to final purchase accounting for ANS.

Other operating (income) expense

Other operating (income) expense increased by $36.6 million from an expense of $18.7 million in 2021 to income of $17.9 million in 2022. The income in 2022 was driven primarily by a gain from the change in fair value of derivative liabilities of $33.9 million, offset by debt amortization costs of $9.3 million, interest expense of $2.6 million, and an investment loss of $0.8 million. The expense in 2021 was driven primarily by a goodwill impairment of $18.1 million, debt amortization costs of $3.2 million and interest expense of $1.5 million, offset by an investment gain of $3.3 million.

Income tax benefit

We generated a larger income tax expense in 2022 primarily due to change in valuation allowance. 

Comparison of the Pro Forma results for years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Revenues

On a pro forma basis revenues increased $177.2 million to $698.1 million. The 34% increase in revenue was driven primarily by an increase in wholesale traffic volumes within Telecommunications, as well as increases in the volume of electrical contracting services, wireless network projects, and EV charging installations within Infrastructure.

Cost of goods sold

Costs of goods sold increased $171.2 million to $669.7 million. The increase in cost of goods sold was directly related to the increase in customer revenue within both Telecommunications and Infrastructure. Overall gross margin percentage was lower compared to 2021 driven by the mix of revenue between businesses, the mix of projects and labor and cost inflation in Infrastructure, and a decline in margin on voice calls in Telecommunications.

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation increased $4.8 million to $35.4 million. The increase was due to new option grants to members of the Board, newly hired employees, and employees that joined our company as part of an acquisition.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses increased $4.3 million to $14.4 million. The increase was attributable to higher consulting, investor relations, and marketing expense related to growing the business and costs associated with our uplist to Nasdaq.

Salaries and related benefits

Salaries and benefits increased $2.5 million to $16.7 million. The increase was principally attributable to investments in personnel associated with growth within Corporate and Infrastructure, specifically our EVC business.

Professional fees

Professional fees increased $1.2 million to $3.3 million. The 34% increase was primarily due to higher legal and accounting fees related to acquisitions, our uplist to Nasdaq, and expenses related to regulatory requirements.

Depreciation and amortization expense

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $5.6 million to $6.4 million. The increase was driven by amortization of intangible assets associated with the acquisitions of ANS, BW, and EV Depot, which included measurement period adjustments in 2022 of $0.5 million related to final purchase accounting of ANS.

Other operating (income) expense

Other operating (income) expense increased by $34.4 million from an expense of $16.5 million in 2021 to income of $17.9 million in 2022. The income in 2022 was driven primarily by a gain from the change in fair value of derivative liabilities of $33.9 million, offset by debt amortization costs of $9.3 million, interest expense of $2.6 million, and an investment loss of $0.8 million. The expense in 2021 was driven primarily by a goodwill impairment of $18.1 million, debt amortization costs of $3.2 million and interest expense of $1.5 million, offset by an investment gain of $3.3 million.

Income tax benefit

We generated a larger income tax expense in 2022 primarily due to change in valuation allowance.

Segment Results of Operations

Infrastructure

Comparison of the Reported results for years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Revenues

Revenue increased $81.3 million to $105.5 million. The increase was driven by the acquisitions of ANS, BW, and EV Depot, and organic growth in ANS.

Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold increased $63.2 million to $81.6 million driven by the increase in revenues. Gross margin percentage decreased driven by the mix of revenue between businesses, the mix of projects, and labor and cost inflation.

General and administrative

General and administrative expense increased $2.7 million to $5.3 million driven primarily by the acquisitions of ANS, BW, and EV Depot, and marketing, legal, and consulting spend to support the growth of the EVC business.

Salaries and related benefits

Salaries and benefits increased $6.6 million to $8.9 million driven by the acquisitions of ANS, BW, and EV Depot, as well as new headcount to support the EVC business.

Depreciation and amortization expense

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $5.9 million to $6.2 million. The increase was driven by amortization of intangible assets associated with the acquisitions of ANS, BW, and EV Depot, which included measurement period adjustments of $0.5 million in 2022 related to final purchase accounting.

Other operating (income) expense

Other operating (income) expense decreased $16.3 million to $1.8 million. The expense in 2022 was driven by a fixed asset donation of equipment for hurricane relief in the GetCharged business and an unrealized loss on marketable securities in the operating segment. The expense in 2021 was driven by the impairment of goodwill and fixed assets within the GetCharged business.

Comparison of the Pro Forma results for years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Revenues

On a pro forma basis revenue increased $37.6 million to $105.8 million. The increase was driven by 72% growth within BW related to electrical contracting services, 44% growth within ANS related to wireless network projects, and higher revenues within our new EV charging infrastructure business.

Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold increased $30.3 million to $81.7 million driven by the increase in revenues. Gross margin percentage decreased driven by the mix of revenue between businesses, the mix of projects, and labor and cost inflation.

General and administrative

General and administrative expense increased $0.6 million to $5.4 million driven by marketing, legal, and consulting spend to support the growth of the segment.

Salaries and related benefits

Salaries and benefits increased $1.3 million to $8.9 million driven by increased hiring to support the growth of the business, with the increase partially offset by a one-time incentive payment in 2021.

Depreciation and amortization expense

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $5.6 million to $6.2 million. The increase was driven by amortization of intangible assets associated with the acquisitions of ANS, BW, and EV Depot, which included measurement period adjustments of $0.5 million in 2022 related to final purchase accounting.

Other operating (income) expense

Other operating (income) expense decreased $14.2 million to $1.8 million. The expense in 2022 was driven by a fixed asset donation of equipment for hurricane relief in the GetCharged business and an unrealized loss on marketable securities in the operating segment. The expense in 2021 was driven by the impairment of goodwill and fixed assets within the GetCharged business, partially offset by the gain upon forgiveness on the Paycheck Protection Program loan for BW.

Telecommunications

For both periods presented, no pro forma adjustments were made to the Telecommunications segment.

Comparison of the Reported results for years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Revenues

Revenue increased $139.5 million to $592.3 million due to an overall increase in wholesale traffic volumes compared to 2021 driven by higher voice demand. The rapid development of new technologies, services, and products has eliminated many of the traditional distinctions among wireless, cable, internet, local, and long-distance communication services. While revenues increased in 2022 compared to 2021, the Company continues to expect downward pressure on revenues over time due to the pace of technology development, emergence of new products, and intense competition.

Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold increased $140.9 million to $588.0 million driven by the increase in customer revenue. Gross margin percentage in this business decreased year over year due to customer mix.

Salaries and related benefits

Salaries and benefits decreased $1.0 million to $0.8 million due to certain changes in allocations to non-operating corporate in 2022.

Other operating (income) expense

Other income decreased $0.6 million to $0.1 million. The decrease was driven primarily by a lower gain on sale of intellectual property in 2022 than in 2021, partially offset by a lower expense from foreign exchange adjustments.

Non-operating Corporate Segment

For both periods presented, no pro forma adjustments were made to the non-operating Corporate segment.