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Adomani, Inc. – ‘253G3’ on 4/28/17

On:  Friday, 4/28/17, at 4:34pm ET   ·   Accession #:  1193125-17-148389   ·   File #:  24-10656

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  As Of                Filer                Filing    For·On·As Docs:Size              Issuer               Agent

 4/28/17  Adomani, Inc.                     253G3                  1:1.1M                                   Donnelley … Solutions/FA

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: 253G3       Offering Statement - Information Previously         HTML    755K 
                          Omitted or Substantively Changed -- Reg.               
                          A                                                      

Table of Contents

Filed Pursuant to Rule 253(g)(3)
Registration No. 024-10656

Offering Circular Dated April 28, 2017

ADOMANI, INC.

$10,600,000 Minimum Offering Amount (2,120,000 Shares of Common Stock)

$25,000,000 Maximum Offering Amount (5,000,000 Shares of Common Stock)

ADOMANI, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is offering a minimum of 2,120,000 shares of Common Stock and a maximum of 4,400,000 shares (the “Offered Shares”) of our Common Stock, par value $0.00001 (“Common Stock”) on a “best efforts” basis and our selling stockholders are offering up to 600,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Selling Stockholder Shares”). We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders. Until November 2016, we have operated our business as ADOMANI, Inc., a Florida corporation, which was converted into a Delaware corporation. The initial public offering price per share will be $5.00 per share. This offering will terminate on May 26, 2017, subject to extension for up to thirty (30) days with the mutual agreement of us and our Underwriters, as defined below; provided that, if we have received and accepted subscriptions for the minimum number of Offered Shares on or before May 26, 2017, or the end of the thirty (30) day extension, if exercised, then we will close on the minimum offering amount (the “Initial Closing”) and this offering will continue until the earliest of (i) the date which is ninety (90) days after the Initial Closing, or (ii) with the mutual agreement of us and our Underwriters, a date which is less than ninety (90) days after the Initial Closing in order to coordinate with the commencement of exchange trading of our Common Stock, or (iii) the date on which the maximum offering amount is sold (such earliest date, the “Termination Date”). If, on the Initial Closing date, we have sold less than the maximum number of Offered Shares, then we may hold one or more additional closings for additional sales (each an “Additional Closing”), up to the maximum number of Offered Shares, and until the Termination Date. The Company and the Underwriters will consider various factors in determining the timing of any Additional Closings, including the amount of proceeds received at the Initial Closing, any Additional Closings that have already been held, the level of additional valid subscriptions received after the Initial Closing, the eligibility of additional investors under applicable laws and coordination with the commencement of exchange trading of our Common Stock.

Until we achieve the minimum offering amount, the proceeds for the offering will be kept in an escrow account. Upon achievement of the minimum offering amount and the closing on such amount, the proceeds from the minimum offering amount will be distributed to the Company and the associated Offered Shares will be issued to the investors in such Offered Shares. Upon each Additional Closing, if any, the proceeds subject to that Additional Closing will be distributed to the Company and the associated Offered Shares will be issued to the investors in such Offered Shares. If the offering does not close, the proceeds for the offering will be promptly returned to investors, without deduction and generally without interest. Signature Bank, New York will serve as the escrow agent. Checks should be made payable to Signature Bank as escrow agent for Adomani, Inc.

The minimum purchase requirement per investor is $500; however, we can waive the minimum purchase requirement on a case-by-case basis in our sole discretion. We commenced the sale of the Offered Shares as of the date on which the Offering Statement the (“Offering Statement”) of which this Offering Circular is a part, was qualified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our Common Stock. We have applied to list our Common Stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “ADOM.” Our Common Stock will not commence trading on NASDAQ until a number of conditions are met, including that we have raised the minimum amount of offering proceeds necessary for us to meet the initial listing requirements of NASDAQ. Even if we meet the minimum requirements for listing on NASDAQ, we may wait before terminating the offering and commencing the trading of our Common Stock on NASDAQ in order to raise additional proceeds. We will not consummate and close this offering without a listing approval letter from NASDAQ.

We have engaged Boustead Securities, LLC, formerly known as Monarch Bay Securities, LLC, and Network 1 Financial Securities, Inc. as the underwriters (the “Underwriters”) to offer the Offered Shares to prospective investors in the United States on a best efforts basis, and our Underwriters will have the right to engage such other broker-dealers or agents as it determines to assist in such offering.

A maximum of $22,000,000 of Offered Shares and a maximum of $3,000,000 of Selling Stockholder Shares will be offered worldwide. All Offered Shares will be initially offered in all jurisdictions at the same U.S. dollar price that is set forth in this Offering Circular, except that: selected dealers who participate in the offering will receive a selling concession from the Underwriters, as further described in “Underwriting”; after the initial offering of the Offered Shares, the offering price and other selling terms may be subject to change.

See “Underwriting” and “Description of Securities” for a description of our capital stock.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) and, as such, may elect to comply with certain reduced reporting requirements for this Offering Circular and future filings after this offering.

No sale may be made to you in this offering if the aggregate purchase price you pay is more than 10% of the greater of your annual income or your net worth. Different rules apply to accredited investors and non-natural persons. Before making any representation that your investment does not exceed applicable thresholds, we encourage you to review Rule 251(d)(2)(i)(C) of Regulation A. For general information on investing, we encourage you to refer to www.investor.gov.

These are speculative securities. Investing in our shares involves significant risks. You should purchase these securities only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. See “Risk Factors” on page 11 to read about factors you should consider before buying shares of our Common Stock.

The SEC does not pass upon the merits of or give its approval to any securities offered or the terms of the offering, nor does it pass upon the accuracy or completeness of any offering circular or other solicitation materials. These securities are offered pursuant to an exemption from registration with the SEC; however, the SEC has not made an independent determination that the securities offered are exempt from registration.

This Offering Circular contains all of the representations by us concerning this offering, and no person shall make different or broader statements than those contained herein. Investors are cautioned not to rely upon any information not expressly set forth in this Offering Circular.

This Offering Circular follows the disclosure format prescribed by Part I of Form S-1 pursuant to the general instructions of Part II(a)(1)(ii) of Form 1-A.

Lead Underwriter		Co-Underwriter

The date of this Offering Circular is April 28, 2017

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Some of the statements under “Offering Circular Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Description of Business” and elsewhere in this Offering Circular constitute forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar matters that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “should,” “will” and “would” or the negatives of these terms or other comparable terminology.

You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. The cautionary statements set forth in this Offering Circular, including in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere, identify important factors which you should consider in evaluating our forward-looking statements. These factors include, among other things:

Although the forward-looking statements in this Offering Circular are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations, taking into account all information currently available to us, we cannot guarantee future transactions, results, performance, achievements or outcomes. No assurance can be made to any investor by anyone that the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements will be attained, or that deviations from them will not be material and adverse. We undertake no obligation, other than as may be required by law, to re-issue this Offering Circular or otherwise make public statements updating our forward-looking statements.

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OFFERING CIRCULAR SUMMARY

This summary highlights selected information that is presented in greater detail elsewhere in this Offering Circular. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our Common Stock. You should read this entire Offering Circular carefully, including the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Offering Circular, before making an investment decision. Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “ADOMANI,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” in this Offering Circular refer to ADOMANI, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and our predecessor, ADOMANI, Inc., a Florida corporation, and where appropriate, their respective consolidated subsidiaries.

Overview

ADOMANI is a provider of advanced zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles and replacement drivetrains that is focused on reducing the total cost of vehicle ownership. We help fleet operators unlock the benefits of green technology and address the challenges of traditional fuel price cost instability and local, state and federal environmental regulatory compliance.

We design, manufacture and install advanced zero-emission electric and hybrid drivetrain systems for use in new school buses and medium to heavy-duty commercial fleet vehicles. We also design, manufacture and install unique and patented conversion kits to replace conventional drivetrain systems for diesel and gasoline powered vehicles with zero-emission electric or hybrid drivetrain systems. The hybrid drivetrain systems are available in both an assistive hybrid format and a full-traction format for use in private and commercial fleet vehicles of all sizes. We seek to expand our product offerings to include the sale of zero-emission systems in vehicles manufactured by outside original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) partners, but to be marketed, sold, warrantied and serviced through our developing distribution and service network. We refer to these product offerings collectively as “our zero-emission systems” throughout the remainder of this Offering Circular.

Market Overview

Concerns regarding climate change and other environmental considerations have led to the implementation of laws and regulations that restrict, cap, or tax emissions in the automotive industry and throughout other industries. In particular, Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) Tier 4 emission standards, California Air Resources Board (“CARB”) regulations, and recently implemented policies in Europe, generally referred to as Stage I, II, III and IV regulations, are requiring a significant reduction in the level of emissions and particulate matter produced by diesel power systems. These regulations are taking effect and are expected to increase both the cost and size of emission-compliant diesel power products, primarily due to the need to incorporate additional combustion and after-treatment components.

A variety of market factors are contributing to the increased use of alternative fuels and growth of alternative fuel technology, including economics, energy independence, environmental concerns, and the widespread availability of alternative fuels. As the price of crude oil remains volatile and the threat of climate change and air pollution remain public concerns, the search for more cost effective and cleaner fuels has become more important. Electricity has emerged as one solution to these challenges. The price of alternative fuels such as electricity is substantially less than diesel or gasoline, and alternative fuels produce lower amounts of toxic greenhouse gases.

Market Drivers

A number of factors impact both the supply and demand for various types of electric vehicles and we believe that we are well positioned to benefit as a result of these driving forces.

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Prominent drivers of supply include:

Prominent drivers of demand include:

Challenges

In addition, fleet operators and their companies face a number of challenges, including:

Our Solution

We design, manufacture and install advanced zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles and replacement drivetrain systems that improve fuel economy and reduce emissions. ADOMANI helps vehicles run more efficiently and cost effectively. Specifically, we enable our customers to:

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Our Strengths

We believe the following attributes and capabilities provide us with long-term competitive advantages:

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Our Strategy

We intend to capitalize on these opportunities by pursuing the following key growth strategies:

Our Risks

An investment in our Common Stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks summarized below. These risks are discussed more fully in the “Risk Factors” section immediately following this Offering Circular Summary. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:

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Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. As an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include:

We may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company on the date that is the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1 billion or more; (ii) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the completion of this offering; (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the SEC. We may choose to take advantage of some but not all of these exemptions. We have taken advantage of reduced reporting requirements in this Offering Circular. Accordingly, the information contained herein may be different from the information you receive from other public companies in which you hold stock. We have irrevocably elected to “opt out” of the exemption for the delayed adoption of certain accounting standards and, therefore, will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

Going Concern

Our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Offering Circular have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of December 31, 2016, we had a working capital deficit of $3.4 million and a stockholders’ deficit of approximately $2.7 million. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we incurred a net loss attributable to common stockholders of approximately $10.7 million. We have not generated any material revenues and have incurred net losses since inception. Our recurring operating losses and our need for additional sources of capital to fund our ongoing operations raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. As a result, our independent registered public accounting firm included an explanatory paragraph in its report on our financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 with respect to this uncertainty. Our consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of asset amounts or the classification of liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Going Concern.”

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Company and Other Information

ADOMANI was incorporated in Florida on August 6, 2012 and ADOMANI Inc. was reincorporated in Delaware in November 2016. “ADOMANI California,” a wholly-owned subsidiary, was incorporated in California on October 9, 2012. ADOMANI China was formed on February 1, 2016 in China, where it is registered and licensed to do business in the green energy vehicle and carbon reduction research and development fields until January 31, 2046. Our principal executive offices and mailing address are: 620 Newport Center Drive, Suite 1100, Newport Beach, California 92660. Our telephone number is (949) 200-4613. Our corporate website address is: www.ADOMANIelectric.com with several additionally owned web domains with “ADOMANI” in the name that are redirected to our aforementioned corporate website. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute part of this Offering Circular and inclusion of our website address in this Offering Circular is an inactive textual reference only.

ADOMANI and the ADOMANI logo and our other trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this Offering Circular are the property of ADOMANI. Other trademarks and trade names referred to in this Offering Circular are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks and trade names in this Offering Circular are referred to without the symbols ® and ™, but such references should not be construed as any indicator that their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto.

This Offering Circular summary highlights information contained elsewhere and does not contain all of the information that you should consider in making your investment decision. Before investing in our Common Stock, you should carefully read this entire Offering Circular, including our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Offering Circular. You should also consider, among other things, the matters described under “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in each case appearing elsewhere in this Offering Circular.

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THE OFFERING

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Unless otherwise noted, the information in this Offering Circular reflects and assumes the following:

The number of shares of our Common Stock to be issued upon the conversion of the outstanding principal and accrued interest on our convertible promissory notes upon the completion of this offering depend in part on the date on which this offering is completed.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our Common Stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this Offering Circular, including the consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Offering Circular, before deciding whether to invest in shares of our Common Stock. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of may also become important factors that adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business

We may not successfully execute our business plan to generate revenue in 2017 and create a sustainable growth trajectory.

We have not generated significant revenues to date. Our ability to generate revenue and grow our revenue will depend, in part, on our ability to execute on our business plan, expand our business model and develop new products in a timely manner. We may fail to do so. A variety of factors outside of our control could affect our ability to generate revenue and our revenue growth. Our success in implementing our strategy of producing zero-emission conversions and selling new zero-emission buses, trucks and other fleet vehicles could also slow our revenue growth.

We have a history of losses and we may not achieve or sustain profitability in the future.

We have incurred losses in each fiscal year since our incorporation in 2012. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2016, we incurred a net loss of $10.7 million. As a result, we had a working capital deficit of $3.4 million, an accumulated deficit of $21.1 million and a stockholders’ deficit of $2.7 million as of December 31, 2016. Our products have been recently developed and there can be no assurance that they will be commercially successful and generate significant revenue. If we are to ever achieve profitability it will be dependent upon the successful development and successful commercial introduction and acceptance of zero-emission electric and hybrid drivetrains such as ours; the demand for new buses, trucks and other fleet vehicles with zero-emission or hybrid drivetrains; and the demand for conversion of existing buses, trucks and other fleet vehicles to zero-emission electric or hybrid drivetrains, any of which may not occur. We may not achieve profitability in the future as we anticipate that our operating expenses will increase significantly in the foreseeable future as we:

Because we will incur the costs and expenses from these efforts before we receive any significant incremental revenues with respect thereto, our losses in future periods will be significantly greater than the losses we would incur if we developed our business more slowly. In addition, these efforts may prove more expensive than we currently anticipate, or may not result in increases in our revenues, and we may not succeed in increasing our revenue sufficiently to offset these higher expenses. Even if we are successful in generating revenue and increasing our customer base, we may not become profitable in the future or may be unable to maintain any profitability achieved if we fail to increase our revenue and manage our operating expenses or if we incur unanticipated liabilities. And even if our revenue increases, we may not be able to sustain this rate of revenue growth. Revenue growth may slow or revenue may decline for a number of reasons, including lack of demand for

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our zero-emission systems, increasing competition, lengthening sales cycles, decelerating growth of, or declines in, our overall market, or our failure to capitalize on growth opportunities or to introduce new offerings. Any failure by us to achieve and maintain revenue or profitability could cause the price of our Common Stock to decline significantly.

Our independent registered public accounting firm has expressed in its report on our audited consolidated financial statements a substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We have not yet generated sufficient revenues from our operations to fund our activities, and we are therefore dependent upon external sources for the financing of our operations. As a result, our independent registered public accounting firm has expressed in its report on the consolidated financial statements included as part of this Offering Circular a substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. Our consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result if we are unable to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to continue as a going concern, holders of our Common Stock might lose their entire investment.

Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects.

Our short operating history and developing business model make it difficult to evaluate our current business and our future prospects. It is difficult to predict our future revenues and appropriately budget for our expenses, and we have limited insight into trends that may emerge and affect our business. We have encountered and will continue to encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly developing and changing industries, including challenges in forecasting accuracy, determining appropriate investments of our limited resources, market acceptance of our products and services and future products and services, competition from new and established companies, including those with greater financial and technical resources, acquiring and retaining customers and increasing revenue from existing customers, enhancing our products and services and developing new products and services. You should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks and difficulties that we will encounter as we continue to develop our business model. We may not be able to address these risks and difficulties successfully, which would materially harm our business and operating results and cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline.

We may experience quarterly fluctuations in our operating results due to a number of factors which make our future results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below expectations.

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. You should not consider our past results, including our recent success in having funding approved in California through Assembly Bill AB 923 (“AB 923”) for conversions and new zero-emission electric or hybrid drivetrains in any projected growth rate or as indicative of our future performance.

We expect our period-to-period operating results to vary based on our operating costs which we anticipate will increase significantly in future periods as we, among other things, design, develop and manufacture our zero-emission drivetrains, open new design, manufacturing, sales and service facilities, hire additional technology staff, increase our travel and operational budgets, increase our facility costs, hire and train service personnel, increase our sales and marketing activities, and increase our general and administrative functions to support our growing operations. As a result of these factors, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results, especially in the short-term, are not necessarily meaningful and that these comparisons cannot be relied upon as indicators of future performance. Moreover, our operating results may not meet expectations of equity research analysts or investors. If any of this occurs, the trading price of our stock could fall substantially, either suddenly or over time.

In addition to other risk factors listed in this section, factors that may affect our quarterly operating results include the following: our ability to hire, train and retain key personnel, develop new products that the market

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demands, receive government support funding to offset the increased product cost to the end user, keep our supply chain intact, source required materials to build our zero-emission systems and maintain them once they are delivered.

Based upon all of the factors described above, we have a limited ability to forecast our future revenue, costs and expenses, and as a result, our operating results may from time to time fall below our estimates.

Our future growth is dependent upon demand for conversion of existing diesel- and gasoline-powered buses, truck and other fleet vehicles to zero-emission electric or hybrid drivetrain systems and demand for new buses, trucks and other fleet vehicles with zero-emission drivetrains. The bus and commercial fleet market for zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles may be smaller or develop more slowly than expected. The zero-emission drivetrain conversion market is relatively new and evolving. If this market is smaller or develops more slowly or differently than we expect, our business, growth prospects and financial condition would be adversely affected.

Our growth is highly dependent upon the market acceptance of, and we are subject to an elevated risk of any reduced demand for, zero-emission vehicles and conversion of existing buses, trucks and other fleet vehicles to zero-emission electric or hybrid vehicles and the demand for new buses, truck and other fleet vehicles with zero-emission drivetrains in particular. If this market does not develop as we expect or develops more slowly than we expect, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results will be harmed and we may need to raise additional capital. This market is relatively new, rapidly evolving, characterized by rapidly changing technologies, price competition, additional competitors, evolving government regulation and industry standards, frequent new vehicle announcements and changing consumer demands and behaviors. Factors that may influence the market acceptance of zero-emission vehicles, and specifically conversion of existing buses and fleet vehicles to zero-emission electric or hybrid and the demand for new buses and fleet vehicles with zero-emission drivetrains, include:

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Additionally, we have limited experience in introducing new products. Up to this time we have been a research and development company and we have only recently commenced production and deliveries of our products. To the extent that we are not able to build our products in accordance with customer expectations, our future sales could be harmed.

Additionally, we may become subject to regulations that may require us to alter the design of our vehicles, which could negatively impact consumer interest in our vehicles.

The influence of any of the factors described above may cause current or potential customers not to purchase our electric vehicles, which would materially adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.

We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors.

The market for commercial zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles is relatively new, rapidly evolving, characterized by rapidly changing technologies, price competition, additional competitors, evolving government regulation and industry standards, frequent new vehicle announcements and changing consumer demands and behaviors.

Most of our existing and potential competitors, including Ford, Navistar, Freightliner, PACCAR, Hino, Fuso, Volvo, BYD, Proterra, TransPower, Lion Bus or Motiv, have substantially greater financial resources, more extensive engineering, manufacturing, marketing and customer service and support capabilities, longer operating histories and greater name recognition than we do. They may be able to devote greater resources to the design, development, manufacturing, distribution, promotion, sale and support of their products. Virtually all of our competitors have more extensive customer bases and broader customer and industry relationships than we do. Our competitors may be in a stronger position to respond quickly to new technologies and may be able to design, develop, market and sell their products more effectively. As a result, our competitors may be able to compete more aggressively and sustain that competition over a longer period of time than we can. Each of these competitors has the potential to capture market share in our target market, which could have an adverse effect on our position in our industry and on our business and operating results.

We expect competition in our industry to intensify in the future in light of anticipated increased demand for alternative fuel vehicles and to continued globalization and consolidation in the worldwide automotive industry. Factors affecting competition include product quality and features, innovation and development time, pricing, reliability, safety, fuel economy, customer service and financing terms. Increased competition may lead to lower vehicle unit sales and increased inventory, which may result in further downward price pressure and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects. Our ability to successfully compete in our industry will be fundamental to our future success in existing and new markets and to our market share. There can be no assurances that we will be able to compete successfully in our markets. If our competitors introduce new products or services that compete with or surpass the quality, price or performance of our products or services, we may be unable to satisfy existing customers or attract new customers at the prices and levels that would allow us to generate attractive rates of return on our investment. A disruptive technology advancement in the electric vehicle industry by a competitor such as in energy storage, traction motors or power electronics, could affect the sales of our products.

Demand in the zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicle industry is volatile, which may lead to lower vehicle unit sales and adversely affect our operating results. Volatility of demand in the zero-emission electric

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and hybrid vehicle industry may materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition. The markets in which we currently compete and plan to compete in the future have been subject to considerable volatility in demand in recent periods. As a low volume producer, we have fewer financial resources than more established providers have to withstand changes in the market and disruptions in demand. Volatility in demand may lead to lower vehicle unit sales and increased inventory, which may result in further downward price pressure and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. These effects may have a more pronounced impact on our business given our relatively smaller scale and financial resources as compared to many incumbent providers.

Competition could result in price reductions and revenue shortfalls, loss of customers and loss of market share. If we cannot compete successfully against current and future competitors, our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition could be negatively impacted.

Our sales cycle can be long and unpredictable and require considerable time and expense before executing a customer agreement, which may make it difficult to project when, if at all, we will obtain new customers and generate revenue from those customers.

The sales cycle for our business, from initial contact with a potential lead to contract execution and implementation, typically takes significant time and is difficult to predict. Our sales cycle in some cases has been up to six to nine months or more. Our sales efforts involve educating our customers about the use, capabilities and benefits of our products and services. Some of our customers undertake a significant evaluation process that frequently involves not only our products and services but also the offerings of our competitors. This process can be costly and time-consuming. As a result, it is difficult to predict when we will obtain new customers and begin generating revenue from these new customers. As part of our sales cycle, we may incur significant expenses before executing a definitive agreement with a prospective customer and before we are able to generate any revenue from such agreement. We have no assurance that the substantial time and money spent on our sales efforts will generate significant revenue. If conditions in the marketplace generally or with a specific prospective customer change negatively, it is possible that no definitive agreement will be executed, and we will be unable to recover any of these expenses. If we are not successful in targeting, supporting and streamlining our sales processes, our ability to grow our business, and our operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected. If our sales cycles lengthen, our future revenue could be lower than expected, which would have an adverse impact on our consolidated operating results and could cause our stock price to decline.

Developments in alternative technologies or improvements in the internal combustion engine may materially adversely affect the demand for electric vehicles and our drivetrains.

Significant developments in alternative technologies, such as advanced diesel, ethanol, fuel cells or compressed natural gas, or improvements in the fuel economy of the internal combustion engine, may materially and adversely affect our business and prospects in ways we do not currently anticipate. For example, fuel which is abundant and relatively inexpensive in North America, such as compressed natural gas, may emerge as consumers’ preferred alternative to petroleum based propulsion. Any failure by us to develop new or enhanced technologies or processes, or to react to changes in existing technologies, could materially delay our development and introduction of new and enhanced zero-emission electric or hybrid drivetrains which could result in the loss of competitiveness of our drivetrains, decreased revenue and a loss of market share to competitors.

If we are unable to keep up with advances in zero-emission electric drivetrain or hybrid vehicle technology, we may suffer an inability to obtain a competitive position in the market or suffer a decline in our competitive position.

There are companies in the zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicle industry that have developed or are developing vehicles and technologies that compete or will compete with our vehicles. We cannot assure that our competitors will not be able to duplicate our technology or provide products and services similar to ours more

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efficiently or at greater scale. We may be unable to keep up with changes in zero-emission electric or hybrid drivetrain technology and, as a result, may suffer a decline in our competitive position. Any failure to keep up with advances in zero-emission electric or hybrid drivetrain technology would result in a decline in our competitive position, which would materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition. Our research and development efforts may not be sufficient to adapt to changes in zero-emission electric or hybrid drivetrain technology. As technologies change, we plan to upgrade or adapt our drivetrains and introduce new drivetrains in order to continue to provide drivetrains with the latest technology, in particular battery cell technology. However, our drivetrains may not compete effectively with alternatives if we are not able to source and integrate the latest technology into our drivetrains. For example, we do not manufacture most of the high cost items required for our conversion kits, including battery cells, which makes us dependent upon other suppliers of battery cell technology for our battery packs. If for any reason we are unable to keep pace with changes in commercial electric and hybrid vehicle technology, particularly battery technology, our competitive position may be adversely affected.

The demand for commercial zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles depends, in part, on the continuation of current trends resulting from dependence on fossil fuels. Extended periods of low diesel or other petroleum-based fuel prices could adversely affect demand for our vehicles, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

We believe that much of the present and projected demand for commercial zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles results from concerns about volatility in the cost of petroleum-based fuel, the dependency of the United States on oil from unstable or hostile countries, government regulations and economic incentives promoting fuel efficiency and alternative forms of energy, as well as the belief that climate change results in part from the burning of fossil fuels. If the cost of petroleum-based fuel decreased significantly, or the long-term supply of oil in the United States improved, the government may eliminate or modify its regulations or economic incentives related to fuel efficiency and alternative forms of energy. If there is a change in the perception that the burning of fossil fuels does not negatively impact the environment, the demand for commercial zero-emission electric or hybrid vehicles could be reduced, and our business and revenue may be harmed. Diesel and other petroleum-based fuel prices have been extremely volatile, and we believe this continuing volatility will persist. Lower diesel or other petroleum-based fuel prices over extended periods of time may lower the current perception in government and the private sector that cheaper, more readily available energy alternatives should be developed and produced. If diesel or other petroleum-based fuel prices remain at deflated levels for extended periods of time, the demand for commercial electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles may decrease, which could have an adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

We may not be able to reduce and adequately control the costs and expenses associated with operating our business, including our material and production costs.

If we are unable to reduce and/or maintain a sufficiently low level of costs for designing, manufacturing, marketing, selling and distributing and servicing our zero-emission drivetrains relative to their selling prices, our operating results, gross margins, business and prospects could be materially and adversely impacted. We have made, and will be required to continue to make, significant investments for the design, manufacture and sales of our zero-emission drivetrains. Our marginal costs of producing our drivetrains to date have exceeded our revenue from selling them. This is not expected to change for the foreseeable future until we are able to generate adequate sales volume to offset the cost of our drivetrains. There can be no assurances that our costs of producing and delivering our future products will be less than the revenue we generate from sales at the time we introduce our future products or that we will ever achieve a positive gross margin on sales of our zero-emission drivetrains or future products.

We incur significant costs related to procuring the materials and components required to manufacture our drivetrains and convert electric and hybrid vehicles. As a result, without including the impact of government or other subsidies and incentives, our costs and therefore the purchase prices for our commercial zero-emission

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electric and hybrid vehicles and/or converting commercial vehicles currently are substantially higher than the purchase prices for gas or diesel-fueled vehicles with comparable features.

Additionally, in the future we may be required to incur substantial marketing costs and expenses to promote our zero-emission drivetrains, including through the use of traditional media such as television, radio and print, even though our marketing expenses to date have been relatively limited. If we are unable to keep our operating costs aligned with the level of revenues we generate, our operating results, business and prospects will be harmed. Many of the factors that impact our operating costs are beyond our control. For example, global demand from all manufacturers of zero-emission vehicles for the same resources could create shortages and drive the costs of our raw materials and certain components, such as lithium-ion battery cells, to a higher level and reduce profit or create or increase losses. Indeed, if the popularity of zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles exceeds current expectations without significant expansion in battery cell production capacity and advancements in battery cell technology, shortages could occur which would result in increased materials costs to us, and could also negatively impact our ability to meet production requirements if the batteries were simply not available.

If we fail to manage our growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of service or address competitive challenges adequately.

Any failure to manage our growth effectively could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition. We have recently expanded our operations and further significant expansion will be required, especially in connection with kit manufacturing, service and warranty requirements. The requirements of being a public company will significantly increase our general and administrative costs. Our future operating results depend to a large extent on our ability to manage this expansion and growth successfully. Risks that we face in undertaking this expansion include:

We intend to hire a significant number of additional personnel, including design and manufacturing personnel and service technicians for our zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles. Because our vehicles are based on a different technology platform than traditional internal combustion engines, individuals with sufficient training in zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles may not be available to hire, and we may need to expend significant time and expense training the employees we do hire. Competition for individuals with experience designing, manufacturing and servicing zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles is intense, and we may not be able to attract, assimilate, train or retain additional highly qualified personnel in the future, which could seriously harm our business and prospects.

In this regard we will be required to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls and our reporting procedures and we may not be able to do so effectively. Further, to accommodate our expected growth we must continually improve and maintain our technology, systems and network infrastructure. We therefore may be unable to manage our expenses effectively in the future, which would negatively impact our gross margin or operating expenses in any particular quarter. If we fail to manage our anticipated growth and

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change in a manner that preserves the quality of our zero-emission systems and services and our ability to deliver in a timely manner, it will negatively affect our brand and reputation and harm our ability to retain and attract customers.

If our zero-emission electric and hybrid drivetrains fail to perform as expected, our ability to develop, market and sell our drivetrains could be harmed.

Our zero-emission drivetrains or vehicles that contain our drivetrains may not perform in a manner that is consistent with our customers’ expectations for a variety of reasons. If our drivetrains or vehicles that contain our drivetrains were to contain defects in design and manufacture that cause them not to perform as expected or that require repair, or any other failure of our vehicles to perform as expected could harm our reputation and result in delivery delays, product recalls, product liability claims, significant warranty and other expenses, which could have a material adverse impact on our ability to develop, market and sell our zero-emission drivetrains. For example, should we have a significant sale of either new vehicles or conversion kits and a defect (from supplier-purchased product or internally assembled components) were to be discovered after delivery that could not be corrected in a timely manner, we could suffer an adverse public relations event that harms the company in a way that it may not be able to recover from, or which turns out to be so costly as to cause a significant loss. Although we attempt to remedy any issues we observe in our drivetrains as effectively and as rapidly as possible, such efforts may not be timely, may hamper production or may not provide satisfaction to our customers. While we have performed extensive internal testing, we currently have a limited frame of reference by which to evaluate the long-term performance of our zero-emission drivetrains. There can be no assurance that we will be able to detect and fix any defects in our products prior to their sale to customers. Further, the performance of our zero-emission drivetrains may be negatively impacted by other factors, such as limitations inherent in existing battery technology and extreme weather conditions. Our zero-emission drivetrains have not yet been evaluated by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (“NHTSA”) for its 5-Star Safety Ratings, and while based on our internal testing we expect to obtain acceptable ratings, there is no assurance this will occur.

Any vehicle product defects or any other failure of our commercial zero-emission electric or hybrid drivetrains to perform as expected could harm our reputation and result in delivery delays, product recalls, product liability claims, significant warranty and other expenses, customer losses and lost revenue, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects.

We are dependent on third parties to deliver raw materials, parts, components and services in adequate quantity in a timely manner and at reasonable prices, quality levels, and volumes acceptable to us. Our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected if we experience disruptions in our supply chain.

We manufacture and assemble zero-emission electric and hybrid drivetrains and conversion kits for drivetrains from components supplied by third parties. For example, batteries, traction motors, power electronics, connectors, cables, and metal fabrication for battery storage boxes As a result, we are particularly dependent on those third parties to deliver raw materials, parts, components and services in adequate quality and quantity in a timely manner and at reasonable prices. Some components of our drivetrain systems include materials such as copper, lithium, rare-earth and strategic metals that have historically experienced price volatility and supply interruptions. In addition, we do not currently maintain long-term agreements with our suppliers with guaranteed pricing because we cannot at this time guarantee them adequate volume, which exposes us to fluctuations in component, materials and equipment prices and availability.

Furthermore, currency fluctuations weakening the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies may adversely affect our purchasing power for such raw materials, parts and components and manufacturing equipment from foreign suppliers. Substantial increases in the prices for such raw materials, components and equipment would increase our operating costs, and could reduce our margins if we cannot recoup the increased costs through increased prices. There can be no assurance that we will be able to recoup these increased costs by increasing the prices of our products.

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In cases where we rely on a sole supplier for a component or system, if there is an interruption of supply or increased industry demand it may be difficult for us to substitute one supplier for another, increase the number of suppliers or change one component for another in a timely manner or at all. Additionally, many of our current suppliers are small companies that produce a limited number of specialized products. If any of these suppliers were to go out of business or be acquired by a competitor of ours or any other third party that decides to discontinue our supply relationship, we would need to find an alternative supplier, which we may not be able to do. If we are unable to maintain a consistent, high quality and cost-effective supply chain, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

This limited supply chain exposes us to multiple potential sources of delivery failure or component shortages for the production of our zero-emission electric or hybrid drivetrains. We may experience delays due to supply chain disruptions with respect to any of our zero-emission drivetrains and any other future products we may produce. In addition, our currently ongoing transition from low to high volume production tooling for our zero-emission drivetrains may take longer than expected which may adversely impact our short-term financial results.

Changes in business conditions, labor issues, wars, governmental changes, natural disasters and other factors beyond our control or which we do not presently anticipate, could also affect our suppliers’ ability to deliver components to us on a timely basis. Furthermore, if we experience significantly increased demand, or need to replace certain existing suppliers, there can be no assurance that additional supplies of component parts will be available when required on terms that are favorable to us, or that any supplier would allocate sufficient supplies to us in order to meet our requirements or fill our orders in a timely manner, or that we could engineer replacement components ourselves.

Changes in our supply chain may result in increased costs in the future. We have also experienced cost increases from certain of our suppliers in order to meet our quality targets and development timelines as well as due to design changes that we made, and we may experience similar cost increases in the future. Additionally, we are negotiating with existing suppliers for cost reductions, seeking new and less expensive suppliers for certain parts, and attempting to redesign certain parts to make them less expensive to produce. If we are unsuccessful in our efforts to control and reduce supplier costs, our operating results will suffer.

If we encounter unexpected difficulties with our current suppliers, and if we are unable to fill these needs from other suppliers, we could experience production delays, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.

The inability of these suppliers to deliver, or their refusal to deliver, necessary raw materials, parts and components of our zero-emission drivetrains and services in a timely manner at prices, quality levels, and volumes acceptable to us would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results. Our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected if we experience disruptions in our supply chain.

The facilities or operations of our third-party providers could be damaged or adversely affected as a result of disasters or unpredictable events.

Some of our third-party providers have production facilities in California, a state known for seismic activity. If major disasters such as earthquakes, fires, floods, hurricanes, wars, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, pandemics or other events occur, the production facilities of some of our third-party providers may be seriously damaged, or they may have to stop or delay production and shipment of our products. We may also experience downtime due to a third-party provider’s delay in production and shipment of our products due to, among other reasons, their inability to obtain supplies and materials. Either of these delays could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.

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If our suppliers fail to use ethical business practices and comply with applicable laws and regulations, our brand image could be harmed due to negative publicity.

We do not control our independent suppliers or their business practices. Accordingly, we cannot guarantee their compliance with ethical business practices, such as environmental responsibility, fair wage practices, appropriate sourcing of raw materials, and compliance with child labor laws, among others. A lack of demonstrated compliance could lead us to seek alternative suppliers, which could increase our costs and result in delayed delivery of our products, product shortages or other disruptions of our operations.

Violation of labor or other laws by our suppliers or the divergence of an independent supplier’s labor or other practices from those generally accepted as ethical in the United States or other markets in which we do business could also attract negative publicity for us and our brand. This could diminish the value of our brand image and reduce demand for our zero-emission drivetrains or hybrid vehicle technology if, as a result of such violation, we were to attract negative publicity. If we, or other manufacturers in our industry, encounter similar problems in the future, it could harm our brand image, business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Our business success will depend in part on the success of our strategic relationships with third parties. We may not be able to identify adequate strategic relationship opportunities, or form strategic relationships, in the future.

Our business success will depend in part on our ability to continue to successfully manage and enter into productive strategic relationships with third parties. We depend on various third parties to provide critical parts for our process. We currently maintain strategic relationships with all of the key manufacturers of components we require for conversion kit builds. As an example, we source our batteries from Chinese suppliers. However, several large market leaders in the battery manufacturing arena have gone out of business in the past several years which requires us to continue to vet and seek new suppliers. Maintaining and expanding our strategic relationships with third parties is critical to our continued success. Further, our relationships with these third parties are typically non-exclusive and do not prohibit the other party from working with our competitors. These relationships may not result in additional customers or enable us to generate significant revenue. Identifying suitable business partners and negotiating and documenting relationships with them require significant time and resources. If we are unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining our relationships with these third parties, our ability to successfully sell our products and services, compete in the marketplace or to grow our revenue could be impaired and our operating results would suffer.

While we may be able to establish alternate supply relationships or engineer replacement components for our single source components, we may be unable to do so in the short term, or at all, at prices or costs that are favorable to us. In particular, while we believe that we will be able to secure alternate sources of supply for most of our single sourced components in a relatively short time frame, qualifying alternate suppliers or developing our own replacements for certain highly customized components of our drivetrains may be time consuming, costly and may force us to make additional modifications to a drivetrain’s design, or at a minimum require us to delay delivery of orders.

We currently have and are seeking to establish new relationships with third parties to provide alternative parts sources, such as batteries, controllers and battery management systems. For example, we continue to test additional battery manufacturers’ products in order to have back- up systems in place should our existing supplier have delivery or quality issues. In addition, this helps keep our prices in line with our competition and allows us to monitor various output and costs per unit in real time. However, there are no assurances that we will be able to identify or secure suitable business relationship opportunities in the future or that our competitors will not capitalize on such opportunities before we do. Our strategic relationships within China for batteries and domestically for motors and controllers will keep us competitive if maintained properly. We may not be able to offer benefits to companies that we would like to establish and maintain strategic relationships with. Moreover,

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identifying such opportunities could demand substantial management time and resources, and negotiating and financing relationships involves significant costs and uncertainties. If we are unable to successfully source and execute on strategic relationship opportunities in the future, our overall growth could be impaired, and our business, prospects and operating results could be materially adversely affected.

We must scale our zero-emission drivetrain manufacturing, assembling, and converting processes effectively and quickly from low volume production to high volume production.

We have no experience to date in high volume manufacturing, assembling, and converting to commercial electric and hybrid vehicles. Our existing production model utilizing third parties may not be well suited for the high volume production we hope to require to scale our business. We do not know whether we will be able to develop efficient, low-cost manufacturing, assembly and converting capability and processes, and reliable sources of component supply that will enable us to meet the quality, price, engineering, design and production standards, as well as the production volumes required, to successfully develop our business. Any failure to develop such manufacturing, assembly and converting processes and capabilities and reliable sources of component supply within our projected costs and timelines could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition.

Our ability to scale our zero-emission drivetrain manufacturing, assembling, and converting processes is in part dependent on our supply chain and on our ability to execute on our decentralized production strategy. Even if we are successful in developing our high volume manufacturing, assembly and converting capability and processes, and reliable sources of component supply, we do not know whether we will be able to do so in a manner that avoids significant delays and cost overruns, including as a result of factors beyond our control such as problems with suppliers and vendors, or in time to meet our commercialization schedules or to satisfy the requirements of customers. In addition, certain components we integrate may not be available on a consistent basis or in large quantities. Our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected if we experience disruptions in our supply chain or if we cannot obtain materials of sufficient quality at reasonable prices.

The complexity in our business is expected to grow as we introduce new products and services. We have limited experience in simultaneously designing, testing, manufacturing, upgrading, adapting and selling our zero-emission drivetrains as well as limited experience allocating our available resources among the design and production of multiple zero-emission drivetrains. As we add complexity to our product line and introduce new products and services, we may experience unexpected delays.

If we are unable to scale our existing assembly processes and systems quickly while maintaining our current quality level, including as a result of supply chain constraints and inability to manage complexity in our business, we may be unable to meet our customers’ vehicle quality and quantity requirements or our forecasted production schedule or lower our cost of sales. As a result, we may not be able to meet our customers’ delivery schedules and could face the loss of customers, or be exposed to liability to customers to which we promised delivery, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

We may become subject to product liability claims, which could harm our financial condition and liquidity if we are not able to successfully defend or insure against such claims.

We may become subject to product liability claims, which could harm our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition if we are not able to successfully defend or insure against such claims. The zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicle industry experiences significant product liability claims and we face inherent risk of exposure to claims in the event our zero-emission drivetrains do not perform as expected or malfunction and personal injury or death results Our risks in this area are particularly pronounced given the limited field experience of our zero-emission systems, number of vehicles delivered to date and limited field experience of those vehicles. A successful product liability claim against us could require us to pay a substantial monetary

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award. Moreover, a product liability claim could generate substantial negative publicity about our drivetrains and business and inhibit or prevent commercialization of other future vehicle candidates which would have a material adverse effect on our brand, business, prospects and operating results. We currently do not have product liability insurance coverage, as we have not sold many vehicles. We intend to add product liability insurance on a claims-made basis for all our zero-emission systems with appropriate annual limits when we commence production. However, we cannot assure that our insurance will be sufficient to cover all potential product liability claims. Any lawsuit seeking significant monetary damages either in excess of our coverage, or outside of our coverage, may have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business and financial condition. We may not be able to secure product liability insurance coverage on commercially acceptable terms or at reasonable costs when needed, particularly if we do face liability for our products and are forced to make a claim under any policy we have.

In connection with the development and sale of our zero-emission drivetrains, we may need to comply with various safety regulations and requirements with which it may be expensive or difficult to comply. For example, we may be subject to compliance from CARB; and NHTSA, In addition, we may be subject to various other Federal and State-level requirements.

We may be compelled to undertake product recalls.

Any product recall in the future may result in adverse publicity, damage our brand and adversely affect our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition. We may at various times, voluntarily or involuntarily, initiate a recall if any of our zero-emission drivetrain components prove to be defective. Such recalls, voluntary or involuntary, involve significant expense and diversion of management attention and other resources, which would adversely affect our brand image in our target markets and could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Our warranty reserves may be insufficient to cover future warranty claims which could adversely affect our financial performance.

If our warranty reserves are inadequate to cover future warranty claims on our vehicles, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely affected. We provide a two-year warranty on parts and workmanship and a five-year warranty on batteries with every zero-emission drivetrain. Most of our warranty offering, with the exception of workmanship, is covered by the component manufacturers’ warranty. In addition, customers have the opportunity to purchase an Extended Service Plan for the period after the end of the standard warranty to cover additional services for an additional 3-year period or 100,000 miles, whichever comes first. The warranty is similar to other providers’ warranty programs and is intended to cover all parts and labor to repair defects in material or workmanship in the drivetrain. We plan to establish a warranty reserve of 1.25% of the cost of each delivery. We plan to record and adjust warranty reserves based on changes in estimated costs and actual warranty costs. However, because we have not yet begun delivering our first zero-emission drivetrains, and we have extremely limited operating experience with our drivetrains, we therefore have little experience with warranty claims for these zero-emission drivetrains or with estimating warranty reserves. Once we begin initiating sales of our drivetrains, we will monitor our warranty reserves based on our actual warranty claim experience. We may be required to provide for increases in warranty reserves in the future. As of December 31, 2016, we had no warranty reserves because we have generated no sales generating any potential warranty claims. There can be no assurances that our future warranty reserves will be sufficient to cover all claims or that our limited experience with warranty claims will adequately address the needs of our customers to their satisfaction.

Our insurance strategy may not be adequate to protect us from all business risks.

We may be subject, in the ordinary course of business, to losses resulting from products liability, accidents, acts of God and other claims against us, for which we may have no insurance coverage. While we currently

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maintain general commercial liability, automobile, property, and directors’ and officers’ insurance policies, as a general matter, we do not maintain as much insurance coverage as many other companies do, and in some cases, we do not currently maintain any at all. Additionally, we cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover all future claims against us. A loss that is uninsured or which exceeds policy limits may require us to pay substantial amounts, which could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

If we are unable to design, develop, market and sell zero-emission electric and hybrid drivetrains and other product offerings that address additional market opportunities, our business, prospects and operating results will suffer.

We may not be able to successfully develop new zero-emission electric or hybrid drivetrains or vehicles containing them, or address new market segments or develop a broader customer base. To date, we have focused our business on the sale of zero-emission electric drivetrains and have targeted owners of buses and commercial fleets. We will need to address additional markets and expand our customer demographic in order to further grow our business. In particular, we intend to additionally target trucks (all classes inclusive of 1-8) and vans under 14,000 pounds GVWR, which is a much different market from that of our current zero-emission drivetrains. Successfully offering a drivetrain in this market requires delivering a drivetrain with different characteristics at a price that is competitive with other similar drivetrains. We have not completed the design, component sourcing or manufacturing process for these drivetrains, so it is difficult to forecast its eventual cost, manufacturability or quality. Therefore, there can be no assurance that we will be able to deliver a drivetrain that is ultimately competitive in this market. at a compelling price point and in volumes as we currently intend, if at all. Our failure to address additional market opportunities would harm our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects.

Our growth depends in part on the availability and amounts of government subsidies and incentives and the application of regulations that encourage conversion to electric or hybrid vehicles. These subsidies and incentives are limited and unpredictable and could expire or change to benefit competing technologies.

We believe that the availability of government subsidies and economic incentives is currently a critical factor considered by our customers when purchasing our zero-emission systems or converting their existing vehicles to zero-emission-electric or hybrids, and that our growth depends in large part on the availability and amounts of these subsidies and economic incentives. Any unavailability, reduction, elimination or adverse application of government subsidies and economic incentives because of budgetary challenges, policy changes, the reduced need for such subsidies and incentives due to the perceived success of electric or hybrid vehicles or other reasons may result in the diminished price competitiveness of the alternative fuel vehicle industry generally and our zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles in particular, especially prior to our ability to significantly reduce our costs. For example, in the United States, we and our customers benefit from significant subsidies in connection with the purchase of our vehicles under the California Hybrid Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Program, or HVIP, CARB, local air quality management districts, the EV Demonstration Project, and state-level Clean Cities programs. Under these programs, purchasers of qualifying vehicles and those who convert their existing vehicles are eligible to receive subsidies or incentives of up to $55,000, $71,000 and $110,000, respectively, per qualifying vehicle purchased or converted. Certain regulations and programs that encourage sales of zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles could be eliminated or applied in a way that adversely impacts sales of our commercial zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles, either currently or at any time in the future. For example, the U.S. Federal government and many state governments, as well as many national governments within the European Union, are facing fiscal crises and budgetary constraints, which could result in the elimination of programs, subsidies and incentives that encourage the purchase or conversion of zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles. In addition, grants made by the Department of Energy (“DOE”) under the U.S. Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 to clean technology companies, such as the EV Demonstration Project grant, may be subject to a high level of scrutiny in part due to recent financial difficulties experienced by recipients of DOE loan guarantees. In addition, currently some purchase subsidies are limited in total annual amounts and have been exhausted before all willing buyers have been able to consummate a purchase. We

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currently benefit from certain government and economic incentives supporting the development and adoption of zero-emission electric or hybrid vehicles. If government subsidies and economic incentives to produce and purchase zero-emission electric or hybrid vehicles were no longer available to us or our customers, or the amounts of such subsidies and incentives were reduced or eliminated, it could have a negative impact on demand for our vehicles and our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results would be adversely affected.

In addition, we anticipate that in the future there may be new opportunities for us to apply for grants, loans and other incentives from federal, state, local and foreign governments on our own behalf and on behalf of our customers. Our ability to obtain funds or incentives from government sources is subject to the availability of funds under applicable government programs and approval of our applications to participate in such programs. The application process for these funds and other incentives is and will continue to be highly competitive.

Our service model may be costly for us to operate and may not address the service requirements of our prospective customers.

Our business plan is not to develop company owned and operated service and warranty centers but to leverage existing third party bus and truck facilities to process our vehicle conversions and new vehicles. This plan may not prove to be workable and we may be forced to establish our own facilities at some point, resulting in substantial capital expenditures and increased operating costs. Zero-emission electric and hybrid commercial vehicles incorporate new and evolving technologies and require specialized service. These special service arrangements are now and in the future may continue to be costly and we may not be able to recoup the costs of providing these services to our customers. In addition, a number of potential customers may choose not to purchase our commercial zero-emission electric or hybrid vehicles because of the lack of a more widespread service network. If we are unable to satisfactorily service our vehicles, our ability to generate customer loyalty, grow our business and sell additional vehicles could be impaired. There can be no assurance that these service arrangements or our limited experience servicing our vehicles will adequately address the service requirements of our customers to their satisfaction, or that we will have sufficient resources to meet these service requirements in a timely manner as the volume of vehicles we are able to deliver annually increases. If we do not adequately address our customers’ service needs, our brand and reputation may be adversely affected, which, in turn, could have an adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Traditional providers do not provide maintenance and repair services directly. Customers must instead service their vehicles through franchised dealerships or through third party maintenance service providers. We have a teaming agreement with A-Z Bus Sales, Inc. (“A-Z Bus Sales”) for them to provide third party service for us and we are pursuing other agreements. However, it is unclear when or even whether such third party service providers will be able to acquire the expertise to service our zero-emission electric and hybrid commercial vehicles. As our vehicles are placed in more locations, we may encounter negative reactions from our customers who are frustrated that they cannot use local service stations to the same extent as they have with their conventional commercial vehicles and this frustration may result in negative publicity and reduced sales, thereby harming our business and prospects.

Our decentralized assembly, sales and service model will present numerous challenges. We may not be able to execute on our plan to establish sales, service and assembly facilities in the urban areas we have targeted and our facilities in any of those markets may underperform relative to our expectations.

Our strategy of establishing sales, service, and assembly facilities in selected urban areas in the United States is substantially different from the prevailing centralized manufacturing and franchised distribution and service model used currently by our zero-emission and conversion manufacturing competitors. For example, we will not be able to utilize long established sales channels developed through a traditional franchise system to increase our sales volume, which may harm our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. Moreover, we will be competing with companies with well established distribution channels. If we determine

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that our decentralized model is inadequate, opening our own sales, service and assembly facility in any market generally will be capital intensive and require, among other things, establishing a local order volume that is sufficient to support the facility, finding a suitable and available location, negotiating a satisfactory lease agreement for the facility, obtaining permits and approvals from local and state authorities (which, in the case of facilities to be opened in foreign countries, may require obtaining approvals from national governments), building out the facility to our specifications and hiring and training employees to assemble, sell and service our zero-emission electric or hybrid vehicles and converting existing vehicles to zero-emission electric or hybrid vehicles. If we decide we must open our own facilities, we plan to seek state and local government incentives to defray the costs of opening facilities in the markets we have selected, but we may not be successful in this effort, or the incentives may not be as significant as we would like. As with any development project, the development and build-out of a facility will subject us to the risk of cost overruns and delays, which may be significant. Once our sales, service and assembly facilities are open for business, we will need to ensure that they maintain a high level of quality in order to satisfy customers and enhance the brand. Even if we are able to address all of the challenges discussed above, and there are no assurances we will be able to, we have little experience in sales, service or assembly and our sales, service and assembly facilities in one or more markets may not adequately address customer service needs or be profitable and we may lose sales and our entire investment in such facilities, damaging our reputation in the process. If we are unable to establish the local order volume we require in order to open new sales, service and assembly facilities or are unable to successfully assemble, sell, and service our zero-emission electric and hybrid commercial vehicles adequately for customers and profitably operate these new facilities in our target markets, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected. If we do not adequately address our customers’ service needs, our brand and reputation will be adversely affected, which in turn could have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects.

We are subject to substantial regulation, which is evolving, and unfavorable changes or any failure by us to comply with these regulations could substantially harm our business and operating results.

Our commercial zero-emission electric and hybrid drivetrains, the sale of motor vehicles in general and the electronic components used in our vehicles are subject to substantial regulation under international, Federal, state and local laws. We may incur in the future increased costs in complying with these regulations. Regulations related to the electric vehicle industry and alternative energy currently are evolving and we face risks associated with changes to these regulations or new regulations. These risks include the following:

To the extent the laws governing our business and vehicles change, some or all of our zero-emission drivetrains may not comply with applicable international, federal, state or local laws, and certain of the competitive advantages of our drivetrains may be reduced or eliminated, which could have an adverse effect on our business. Furthermore, compliance with changing regulations could be burdensome, time consuming, and expensive. To the extent compliance with changes in regulations or new regulations is cost prohibitive, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results will be adversely affected.

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Vehicle dealer and distribution laws could adversely affect our ability to sell our commercial zero-emission electric or hybrid vehicles.

Sales of our zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles are subject to international, state and local vehicle dealer and distribution laws. To the extent such laws prevent us from selling our drivetrains to customers located in a particular jurisdiction or require us to retain a local dealer or distributor or establish and maintain a physical presence in a jurisdiction in order to sell drivetrains in that jurisdiction, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected. We intend to contract with vehicle dealers to sell our manufactured drivetrains but we have no assurance at this time that we will successfully contract with vehicle dealers and distributors to sell our drivetrains.

We are subject to various environmental laws and regulations that could impose substantial costs upon us and cause delays in opening our sales, service and assembly facilities.

We and our operations may, once we begin production of our drivetrains through third party agreements, be subject to national, state and/or local environmental laws and regulations, including laws relating to the use, handling, storage, transportation, disposal and human exposure to hazardous substances and wastes. Environmental and health and safety laws and regulations can be complex, and we expect that our business and operations may be affected by future amendments to such laws or other new environmental and health and safety laws which may require us to change our operations. These laws can give rise to liability for administrative oversight costs, cleanup costs, property damage, bodily injury and fines and penalties. Capital and operating expenses needed to comply with environmental laws and regulations can be significant, and violations may result in substantial fines and penalties, third party damages, suspension of production or a cessation of our operations.

Contamination at properties we might in the future own and operate, and properties to which hazardous substances have been and may be sent by us, may result in liability for us under environmental laws and regulations, including, but not limited to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, which can impose liability for the full amount of remediation-related costs without regard to fault, for the investigation and cleanup of contaminated soil and ground water, for building contamination and impacts to human health and for damages to natural resources. The costs of complying with environmental laws and regulations and any claims concerning noncompliance, or liability with respect to contamination in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or operating results. We may face unexpected delays in obtaining the necessary permits and approvals required by environmental laws in connection with any planned manufacturing facilities that could require significant time and financial resources and delay our ability to operate these facilities, which would adversely impact our business prospects and operating results.

Any failure to protect our intellectual property rights could impair our ability to protect our proprietary technology.

Our success and ability to compete depend in part upon our intellectual property. We primarily rely on intellectual property laws, including trade secret, copyright, trademark and patent laws in the United States and abroad, and use contracts, confidentiality procedures, non-disclosure agreements, employee disclosure and invention assignment agreements and other contractual rights to protect our intellectual property. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property rights may be inadequate or we may be unable to secure intellectual property protection for all of our products and services.

If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, our competitors could use our intellectual property to market products, services or products and services similar to ours and our ability to compete effectively would be impaired. Moreover, others may independently develop technologies that are competitive to ours or infringe our intellectual property. Any of our intellectual property rights may be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative processes or litigation. The enforcement of our intellectual property rights depends on our legal actions against these infringers being successful, but we cannot be sure these actions will be successful, even

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when our rights have been infringed. In addition, we might be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights, and our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Litigation to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management, whether or not it is resolved in our favor, and could ultimately result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Any patents issued in the future may not provide us with competitive advantages or may be successfully challenged by third parties.

Furthermore, legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property rights are uncertain. Effective protection of our intellectual property may not be available to us in every country in which our products and services are available. The laws of some foreign countries may not be as protective of intellectual property rights as those in the United States, and mechanisms for enforcement of intellectual property rights may be inadequate. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may be unable to prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating our intellectual property.

We could incur substantial costs as a result of any claim of infringement of another party’s intellectual property rights.

Companies, organizations or individuals, including our competitors, may hold or obtain patents, trademarks or other proprietary rights that could prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to produce, use, develop or sell our zero-emission electric or hybrid vehicles or components, which could make it more difficult for us to operate our business. Companies in our industry are increasingly bringing and becoming subject to suits alleging infringement of proprietary rights, particularly patent rights, and our competitors may hold patents or have pending patent applications, which could be related to our business. These risks have been amplified by the increase in third parties, or non-practicing entities, whose sole primary business is to assert such claims. We have not received in the past, but may receive in the future, notices that claim we or our customers using our products and services have misappropriated or misused other parties’ intellectual property rights. In those cases, we intend to investigate the validity of these claims and, if we believe these claims have merit, to respond through licensing or other appropriate actions. If we are sued by a third party that claims that our technology infringes its rights, the litigation could be expensive and could divert our management resources. We do not currently have an extensive patent portfolio of our own, which may limit the defenses available to us in any such litigation.

In addition, in many instances, we have agreed to indemnify our customers against certain claims that our products and services infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. The results of any intellectual property litigation to which we might become a party, or for which we are required to provide indemnification, may require us to do one or more of the following:

If we are required to make substantial payments or undertake any of the other actions noted above as a result of any intellectual property infringement claims against us or any obligation to indemnify our customers for such claims, such payments or costs could have a material adverse effect upon our business and financial results. Furthermore, our business could be adversely affected by any significant disputes between us and our customers as to the applicability or scope of our indemnification obligations to them.

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In many of our zero-emission electric or hybrid drivetrains we use battery packs composed of lithium-ion battery cells, which, if not appropriately managed and controlled, on rare occasions have been observed to catch fire or vent smoke and flames. If any such events occur in our commercial electric vehicles, we could face liability for damage or injury, adverse publicity and a potential safety recall.

The battery packs in our manufactured or converted vehicles will use lithium-ion cells, which have been used for years in laptop computers, cell phones and electric vehicles. On rare occasions, if not appropriately managed and controlled, lithium-ion cells can rapidly release the energy they contain by venting smoke and flames in a manner that can ignite nearby materials as well as other lithium-ion cells. Highly publicized incidents of laptop computers, cell phones, and Tesla electric vehicles bursting into flames have focused consumer attention on the safety of these cells. More recently, a limited number of side-impact tests carried out by NHTSA on non-commercial passenger vehicles containing lithium-ion batteries and thermal management systems containing liquid coolant have resulted in post-collision fires under certain conditions. Any failure of a competitor’s electric vehicle may cause indirect adverse publicity for us and our electric vehicles. These events have raised questions about the suitability of lithium-ion cells for automotive applications. There can be no assurance that a field failure of our battery packs will not occur, particularly if one of our manufactured or converted vehicles is involved in a collision, which could damage the vehicle or lead to personal injury or death and may subject us to lawsuits, product recalls, or redesign efforts, all of which would be time consuming and expensive. Furthermore, there is some risk of electrocution if individuals who attempt to repair battery packs on our manufactured or converted vehicles do not follow applicable maintenance and repair protocols. Any such damage or injury would likely lead to adverse publicity and potentially a safety recall. Any such adverse publicity or negative public perceptions regarding the suitability of lithium-ion cells for automotive applications or any future incident involving lithium-ion cells such as a vehicle or other fire, even if such incident does not involve our vehicles, could seriously harm our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Unfavorable conditions in the global economy, rising interest rates and capital market liquidity issues could limit our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our operating results.

Revenue growth and potential profitability of our business depends on the level of demand in the markets we serve. To the extent that weak economic conditions cause our customers and potential customers to freeze or reduce their capital expenditure or operational budgets, particularly those for zero-emission electric or hybrid vehicles, demand for our products and services may be negatively affected. Historically, economic downturns have resulted in overall reductions in these budgets and corresponding spending. If economic conditions deteriorate or do not materially improve, our customers and potential customers may elect to decrease their operational budgets or defer or reconsider product and service purchases, which would limit our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our operating results.

Our business depends on our founders and management team, retaining and attracting qualified management, key employees and technical personnel and expanding our sales and marketing capabilities.

Our success depends upon the continued service of Mr. Reynolds, our Chairman, CEO and President, and Mr. Monfort, our Founder and Chief Technology Officer as well as other members of our senior management team. It also depends on our ability to continue to attract and retain additional highly qualified management, technical, engineering, operating and sales and marketing personnel. We do not currently maintain key person life insurance policies on any of our employees. While we have employment contracts with Mr. Reynolds and Mr. Monfort, we do not have fixed term employment agreements with any of our other management employees, all who could terminate their relationship with us at any time. Our business also requires skilled technical, engineering, product and sales personnel, who are in high demand and are difficult to recruit and retain. As we continue to innovate and develop our products and services and develop our business, we will require personnel with expertise in these areas. There is increasing competition, especially in California, for talented individuals such as design engineers, manufacturing engineers, and other skilled employees with specialized knowledge of electric vehicles, zero-emission electric and hybrid drivetrains and conversions. This competition affects both our

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ability to retain key employees and hire new ones. Key talent may leave us due to various factors, such as a very competitive labor market for talented individuals with automotive or transportation experience. Our success depends upon our ability to hire new employees in a timely manner and retain current employees. Additionally, we compete with both mature and prosperous companies that have far greater financial resources than we do and start-ups and emerging companies that promise short-term growth opportunities. The loss of Mr. Reynolds, Mr. Monfort, Mr. Kanning or any other member of our senior management team, or an inability to attract, retain and motivate additional highly skilled employees required for the planned development and expansion of our business, could delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives and could materially harm our business.

The forecasts of market growth included in this Offering Circular may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the markets in which we compete achieve the forecasted growth, we cannot assure you our business will grow at similar rates, if at all.

Growth forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates, which may not prove to be accurate. Forecasts relating to the expected growth in zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles, electric and hybrid drivetrains and conversions and other markets, including the forecasts or projections referenced in this Offering Circular, may prove to be inaccurate. Even if these markets experience the forecasted growth, we may not grow our business at similar rates, or at all. Our growth is subject to many factors, including our success in implementing our business strategy, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, the forecasts of market growth included in this Offering Circular should not be taken as indicative of our future growth.

We may require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

We need sufficient capital to fund our ongoing operations and continue our development. We intend to continue to make investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, such as keeping pace with technological developments in order to remain competitive in our evolving industry, improve our operating infrastructure or acquire complementary businesses and technologies. As a result, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our Common Stock. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. In addition, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when and if we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth, and to respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired.

We may selectively pursue acquisitions of complementary businesses and technologies, which could divert capital and our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders and otherwise disrupt our operations and adversely affect our operating results.

We may selectively pursue acquisitions of complementary businesses and technologies that we believe could complement or expand our applications, enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities. The pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various expenses in identifying, investigating and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated.

In addition, we have limited experience with acquiring other businesses or technologies. If we acquire businesses or technologies, we may not be able to integrate the acquired personnel, operations and technologies

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successfully, or effectively manage the combined business following the acquisition. We also may not achieve the anticipated benefits from the acquired business due to a number of factors, including:

In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of companies we acquire may be allocated to acquired goodwill and other intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment at least annually. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may be required to take charges to our operating results based on this impairment assessment process, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, which could adversely affect our operating results. We may also unknowingly inherit liabilities from acquired businesses or assets that arise after the acquisition and that are not adequately covered by indemnities. In addition, if an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our operating results, business and financial position may suffer.

We have not conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and will not be required to do so until 2018. If we are unable to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our Common Stock may be negatively affected.

As a public company, we will be required to maintain internal control over financial reporting for the year ending December 31, 2018 and to report any material weaknesses in such internal control. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and, beginning with our annual report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018, provide a management report on the internal control over financial reporting, which must be attested to by our independent registered public accounting firm to the extent we decide not to avail ourselves of the exemption provided to an emerging growth company, as defined by The Jumpstart Our Businesses Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”). Our independent registered public accounting firm identified material weaknesses standard for companies of our size, including limited segregation of duties and lack of systems in place to keep appropriate records for expenses incurred, specifically regarding operations in China. If we fail to remediate our material weaknesses or find additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our financial statements may be materially misstated. We are in the process of designing and implementing the internal control over financial reporting required to comply with this obligation, which process may be time consuming, costly, and complicated. If we fail to remediate our material

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weaknesses or find additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner, if we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting are effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, if and when required, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our Common Stock could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

We are an emerging growth company and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Common Stock less attractive to investors.

For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we intend to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies including, but not limited to, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We cannot predict if investors will find our Common Stock less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Common Stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Common Stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer,” (ii) the end of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of $1 billion or more during such fiscal year, (iii) the date on which we issue more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three-year period or (iv) the end of the fiscal year in which the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering occurs.

We may not be able to utilize a significant portion of our net operating loss or research and development tax credit carryforwards, which could adversely affect our profitability.

As of December 31, 2016, we had Federal and State net operating loss carryforwards due to prior period losses, which if not utilized will begin to expire from 2032 through 2036 for Federal and State purposes, respectively. These net operating loss carryforwards could expire unused and be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities, which could adversely affect our profitability.

In addition, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes in any taxable year may be limited if we experience an “ownership change.” A Section 382 “ownership change” generally occurs if one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who own at least 5% of our stock increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws.

This offering or future issuances of our stock could cause an “ownership change.” It is possible that any future ownership change could have a material effect on the use of our net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes, which could adversely affect our profitability.

Our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC, and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change.

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Risks Related to Our Initial Public Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock

There has been no prior public market for our Common Stock, the stock price of our Common Stock may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the initial public offering price.

There has been no public market for our Common Stock prior to our initial public offering. The initial public offering price for our Common Stock was determined through negotiations between the Underwriters and us and may vary from the market price of our Common Stock following our initial public offering. If you purchase shares of our Common Stock in our initial public offering, you may not be able to resell those shares at or above the initial public offering price. An active or liquid market in our Common Stock may not develop upon closing of our initial public offering or, if it does develop, it may not be sustainable. The market price of our Common Stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many technology companies. Stock prices of many technology companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, stockholders have filed securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business, and adversely affect our business.

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We will incur increased costs and demands upon management as a result of complying with the laws and regulations affecting public companies, which could adversely affect our operating results.

As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company, including costs associated with public company reporting and corporate governance requirements. These requirements include compliance with Section 404 and other provisions of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act (when applicable to us), as well as rules implemented by the SEC, and the Nasdaq Capital Market. In addition, our management team will also have to adapt to the requirements of being a public company. We expect complying with these rules and regulations will substantially increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly.

The increased costs associated with operating as a public company will decrease our net income or increase our net loss, and may require us to reduce costs in other areas of our business or increase the prices of our products or services. Additionally, if these requirements divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

As a public company, we also expect that it may be more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on our board of directors or as our executive officers.

We may not satisfy NASDAQ’s initial listing standards and, even if we do, we may experience a delay in the initial trading of our Common Stock on NASDAQ.

We have applied to list our Common Stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “ADOM.” Our Common Stock will not commence trading on NASDAQ until a number of conditions are met, including that we have raised the minimum amount of offering proceeds necessary for us to meet the initial listing requirements of NASDAQ, which we currently estimate to be approximately $10,600,000. There is no guarantee that we will be able to sell a sufficient number of shares to raise this amount of offering proceeds. Assuming we sell a sufficient number of shares to list on NASDAQ, we expect trading to commence following the Termination Date of this offering. However, we may we may wait before terminating the offering and commencing the trading of our Common Stock on NASDAQ in order to raise additional proceeds. In addition, in order to list, we will be required to, among other things, file with the SEC a post-qualification amendment to the Offering Statement, and then file an SEC Form 8-A in order to register our shares under the Exchange Act. The post-qualification amendment of the Offering Statement is subject to review by the SEC, and there is no guarantee that such amendment will be qualified quickly after filing. Any delay in the qualification of the post-qualification amendment may cause a delay in the initial trading of our Common Stock on NASDAQ. For all of the foregoing reasons, you may experience a delay between the closing of your purchase of our Common Stock and the commencement of exchange trading of our Common Stock.

Investors may have to wait up to one hundred twenty (120) days from the date of their investment before obtaining the shares of Common Stock purchased in this offering.

If and when we consummate an Initial Closing, the offering will continue until a date which is the earliest of: (i) ninety (90) days after the Initial Closing; or (ii) with the mutual agreement of us and our Underwriters, a date which is less than ninety (90) days after the Initial Closing in order to coordinate with the commencement of exchange trading of our Common Stock; or (iii) the date on which the maximum offering amount is sold. Additionally, in its discretion, the Company may elect to not hold another closing following the Initial Closing. Accordingly, any investors that invest in this offering after the Initial Closing may not receive shares of Common Stock until ninety (90) days after such investment is made, or not at all if there are no closings after the Initial Closing (in which case outstanding investment amounts will be returned, without deduction and generally without interest). While your investment will be held in an interest bearing escrow account, during this period you will not have access to your investment, nor will you have shares of Common Stock.

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Because the initial public offering price of our Common Stock will be substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our outstanding Common Stock following this offering, new investors will experience immediate and substantial dilution.

The initial public offering price is substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our Common Stock immediately following this offering based on the total value of our tangible assets less our total liabilities. Therefore, if you purchase shares of our Common Stock in this offering, based on the initial public offering price of $5.00 per share, you will experience immediate dilution of $4.77 per share, the difference between the price per share you pay for our Common Stock and its pro forma net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2016, after giving effect to the issuance of shares of our Common Stock in this offering. In addition, upon the completion of this offering, there will be options to purchase shares of our Common Stock outstanding, based on the number of such awards outstanding on. To the extent shares of Common Stock are issued with respect to such awards in the future, there will be further dilution to new investors.

NASDAQ may delist our Common Stock from trading on its exchange, which could limit stockholders’ ability to trade our Common Stock.

In the event we are able to list our Common Stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market, NASDAQ will require us to meet certain financial, public float, bid price and liquidity standards on an ongoing basis in order to continue the listing of our Common Stock. If we fail to meet these continued listing requirements, our Common Stock may be subject to delisting. If our Common Stock is delisted and we are not able to list our Common Stock on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities would be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, our stockholders could face significant material adverse consequences, including limited availability of market quotations for our Common Stock and reduced liquidity for the trading of our securities. In addition, we could experience a decreased ability to issue additional securities and obtain additional financing in the future.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our Common Stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If few securities analysts commence coverage of us, or if industry analysts cease coverage of us, the trading price for our Common Stock would be negatively affected. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our Common Stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our Common Stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our Common Stock could decrease, which might cause our Common Stock price and trading volume to decline.

We may fail to meet our publicly announced guidance or other expectations about our business, which would cause our stock price to decline.

We expect to provide guidance regarding our expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process and our guidance may not ultimately be accurate. Our guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to anticipated production and sales volumes and average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If our guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to our inability to meet our assumptions or the impact on our financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of our Common Stock could decline significantly.

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We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from our initial public offering and may not use them effectively.

We cannot specify with any certainty the particular uses of the net proceeds that we will receive from our initial public offering. We will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, including working capital, possible acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes, and we may spend or invest these proceeds in a way with which our stockholders disagree. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could adversely affect our business and financial condition. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from our initial public offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value. These investments may not yield a favorable return to our investors.

Substantial future sales of shares by our stockholders could negatively affect our stock price after this offering.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock in the public market after this offering, particularly sales by our directors, executive officers, and significant stockholders, or the perception that these sales might occur or if there is a large number of shares of our Common Stock available for sale, could depress the market price of our Common Stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. Based on the total number of shares of our Common Stock outstanding as of January 31, 2017, upon completion of this offering, we will have 69,810,928 shares of Common Stock outstanding, assuming we sell the maximum number of shares and there is no exercise of our outstanding options.

All of the shares of Common Stock sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restrictions or further registration under the Securities Act, except for any shares held by our affiliates as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Substantially all of the remaining shares of Common Stock outstanding after this offering, based on shares outstanding as of January 31, 2017, will be restricted as a result of securities laws, lock-up agreements or other contractual restrictions that restrict transfers for at least one year after the date of this Offering Circular. These shares will become available to be sold one year and one day after the date of this Offering Circular.

Our Underwriters, in their sole discretion, may release all or some portion of the shares subject to lock-up agreements prior to expiration of the lock-up period. Shares held by directors, executive officers and other affiliates will be subject to volume limitations under Rule 144 under the Securities Act and various vesting agreements, after the aforementioned lock-up and leak-out periods.

Our equity incentive plan allows us to issue stock options. We may in the future create additional equity incentive plans, which may at that time require us to file a registration statement under the Securities Act as soon as practicable after the expiration of the lock-up period to cover the issuance of shares upon the exercise or vesting of awards granted or otherwise purchased under those plans. As a result, any shares issued or granted under the plans after the lock-up period has expired also may be freely tradable in the public market. If equity securities are issued under the plans, if implemented, and it is perceived that they will be sold in the public market, then the price of our Common Stock could decline substantially.

No holders of any shares of our Common Stock have rights to require us to file registration statements for the public resale of such shares.

The concentration of our Common Stock ownership with our executive officers, directors and affiliates will limit your ability to influence corporate matters.

Our executive officers, directors and owners of 5% or more of our outstanding Common Stock and their respective affiliates beneficially owned, in the aggregate 46.7% of our outstanding Common Stock as of December 31, 2016 and we anticipate that upon the completion of the offering, that same group will beneficially own at least 56.1% of our outstanding Common Stock. These stockholders will therefore have significant

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influence over management and affairs and over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or its assets, for the foreseeable future. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and, as a result, we may take actions that our stockholders do not view as beneficial. This ownership could affect the value of your shares of Common Stock.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We have never declared nor paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, stockholders must rely on sales of their Common Stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.

Provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could discourage a takeover that stockholders may consider favorable.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and by laws, as amended and restated prior to the closing of this offering, may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. These provisions include the following:

In addition, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder becomes an “interested” stockholder. For a description of our capital stock, see the sections titled “Underwriting” and “Description of Securities.”

There are legal restrictions on the resale of the common shares offered that are penny stocks. These restrictions may adversely affect your ability to resell your stock.

Our Common Stock may be subject to the penny stock rules under the Exchange Act. These rules regulate broker/dealer practices for transactions in “penny stocks.” Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a price of less than $5.00. The penny stock rules require broker/dealers to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document that provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock market. The broker/dealer must also provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker/dealer and its salesperson and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account. The bid and offer quotations and the broker/dealer and salesperson compensation information must be given to the customer orally or in writing prior to

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completing the transaction and must be given to the customer in writing before or with the customer’s confirmation. In addition, the penny stock rules require that prior to a transaction, the broker and/or dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction. The transaction costs associated with penny stocks are high, reducing the number of broker-dealers who may be willing to engage in the trading of our shares. These additional penny stock disclosure requirements are burdensome and may reduce all of the trading activity in the market for our Common Stock. If our Common Stock is subject to the penny stock rules, our stockholders may find it more difficult to sell their shares.

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our capitalization as of December 31, 2016:

You should read this table together with our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related notes thereto, included elsewhere in this Offering Circular. Our use of proceeds from this offering is discussed under “Use of Proceeds.”

The table above excludes the following securities (unless stated otherwise above):

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DILUTION

If you invest in our Common Stock in this offering, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share of our Common Stock and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our Common Stock immediately after this offering.

Net tangible book value dilution per share to new investors represents the difference between the amount per share paid by purchasers of shares of our Common Stock in this offering and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our Common Stock immediately after completion of this offering.

Our historical net tangible deficit as of December 31, 2016 was ($2,951,495), or ($0.05) per share of our Common Stock. Historical net tangible book value per share represents our total tangible assets less total liabilities divided by the number of shares of our Common Stock outstanding.

Our pro forma net tangible deficit as of December 31, 2016 was approximately ($2,225,911), or ($0.03) per share of Common Stock. Pro forma tangible deficit per share represents our total tangible assets less total liabilities divided by the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of December 31, 2016 after giving effect to the January 30, 2017 conversion of an aggregate principal amount of $645,000 plus accrued interest, a total of $725,584, at conversion prices ranging from $0.10 per share to $0.50 per share pursuant to certain of our promissory notes. Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share gives further effect to the issuance of 5,163,334 shares of our Common Stock at the initial public offering price of $5.00 per share, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Our pro forma, as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2016 would have been $15,975,336, or $0.23 per share. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of $0.26 per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in pro forma net tangible book value of $4.77 per share to investors purchasing Common Stock in this offering.

The following table illustrates this per share dilution:

The following table summarizes on an as adjusted basis as of December 31, 2016, after giving effect to the January 30, 2017 conversion of approximately an aggregate principal amount of $645,000 plus accrued interest, a total of $725,584, at conversion prices ranging from $0.10 per share to $0.50 per share pursuant to certain of our promissory notes, the differences between existing stockholders and new investors purchasing shares of our Common Stock in this offering with respect to the number of shares of Common Stock purchased from us, the total consideration paid or to be paid to us (which includes net proceeds received from the issuance of our Common Stock, cash received from the exercise of stock options) and the average price per share paid or to be paid to us at the initial public offering price of $5.00 per share, assuming the maximum amount of shares offered

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as set forth on the cover page of this Offering Circular are sold and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us:

As of March 29, 2017, options to purchase 30,375,000 shares of Common Stock were outstanding at a weighted average exercise price of $0.10 per share. Assuming all of our outstanding options are exercised, new investors will own approximately 5.11% of our outstanding shares while contributing approximately 66.83% of the total amount paid to fund our company.

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SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

The shares being offered for resale by the selling stockholders consist of up to 600,000 shares of our Common Stock held by six stockholders.

The following table sets forth the names of the selling stockholders, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by each selling stockholder as of February 28, 2017 and the number of shares of Common Stock being offered by such selling stockholders. The selling stockholders are under no obligation to sell all or any portion of such shares nor are the selling stockholders obligated to sell any shares immediately upon qualification of this Offering Circular. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the selling stockholders’ shares of our Common Stock.

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UNDERWRITING

We have entered into an underwriting agreement with the Underwriters, with respect to the shares of our Common Stock in this offering. Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the underwriting agreement, we have agreed to issue and sell to the public through the Underwriters, and the Underwriters has agreed to offer and sell, up to 4,400,000 shares of our Common Stock, on a best efforts basis.

The underwriting agreement provides that the obligation of the Underwriters to arrange for the offer and sale of the shares of our Common Stock, on a best efforts basis, is subject to certain conditions precedent. The Underwriters are under no obligation to purchase any shares of our Common Stock for their own account. As a “best efforts” offering, there can be no assurance that the offering contemplated hereby will ultimately be consummated, or even if consummated that we will in fact obtain a listing on NASDAQ. The Underwriters may, but are not obligated to, retain other selected dealers that are qualified to offer and sell the shares and that are members of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. The Underwriters propose to offer the shares to investors at the public offering price, and will receive the underwriting commissions, set forth on the cover of this Offering Circular. The gross proceeds of this offering will be deposited in an escrow account established by us, until we have sold a minimum of 2,120,000 shares of Common Stock and otherwise satisfy the listing conditions to trade our Common Stock on NASDAQ. Unless sooner withdrawn or canceled by us or the Underwriters, the offering will continue until (i) not less than 2,120,000 shares of Common Stock have been sold, or (ii) close of business on May 26, 2017, unless extended by us and the Underwriters to not later than July 26, 2017 (90 days after the date of this Offering Circular). Once we satisfy the minimum stock sale and NASDAQ listing conditions, the funds will be released to us.

We anticipate the shares of our Common Stock will be listed on NASDAQ under the symbol “ADOM.” In order to list, NASDAQ requires that, among other criteria, at least 1,000,000 publicly-held shares of our Common Stock be outstanding, the shares be held in the aggregate by at least 300 round lot holders, the market value of the publicly-held shares of our Common Stock be at least $15.0 million, our stockholders’ equity after giving effect to the sale of our shares in this offering be at least $4.0 million, the bid price per share of our Common Stock be $4.00 or more, and there be at least three registered and active market makers for our Common Stock.

The following table and the two succeeding paragraphs summarize the underwriting compensation and estimated expenses we will pay:

We have agreed to reimburse the Underwriters for expenses incurred relating to the offering, including all actual fees and expenses incurred by the Underwriters in connection with, among other things, due diligence costs, the Underwriters’ “road show” expenses, which shall not exceed $            , and the fees and expenses of the Underwriters’ counsel. The fees and expenses of Underwriters’ counsel shall not exceed $            . We estimate that the total expenses of this offering, excluding underwriting commissions described above, will be approximately $            . We have also paid the Underwriters an advisory fee of $100,000.

As additional compensation to the Underwriters, upon consummation of this offering, we will issue to the Underwriters or their designees warrants to purchase an aggregate number of shares of our Common Stock equal to 7% of the number of shares of Common Stock issued in this offering, at an exercise price per share equal to 120% of the initial public offering price (the “Underwriter Warrants”). The Underwriter Warrants and the

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underlying shares of Common Stock will not be exercised, sold, transferred, assigned, or hypothecated or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the Underwriter Warrants by any person for a period of 180 days from the effective date of the registration statement for this offering in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110. The Underwriter Warrants will expire on the fifth anniversary of the qualification date of the offering, in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(f)(2)(G)(i).

The Underwriters will receive a commission of 3% on the sale of the Selling Stockholder Shares. We will pay all of the commission on the sale of the Selling Stockholder Shares.

The Underwriters have informed us that they may provide an allowance not in excess of $             per share to other dealers out of the Underwriters’ commission of $            per share. No Underwriter or selling group members will receive any fees or warrants in connection with the purchase by any of our officers or directors or their respective affiliates of shares of Common Stock in this offering.

An offering circular in electronic format may be made available on the websites maintained by the Underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in the offering. The Underwriters may agree to allocate a number of shares to selling group members for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the Underwriters and selling group members that may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.

We have agreed that we will not: (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of capital stock of our company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of our company; (ii) file or cause to be filed any registration statement with the SEC relating to the offering of any shares of capital stock of our company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of our company; or (iii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of capital stock of our company, whether any such transaction described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above is to be settled by delivery of shares of capital stock of our company or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, in each case without the prior consent of the Underwriters for a period of twelve months after the date of this Offering Circular, other than (A) the shares of our Common Stock to be sold hereunder, (B) the issuance by us of shares of our Common Stock upon the exercise of a stock option or warrant or the conversion of a security outstanding on the date of this offering, hereafter issued pursuant to our currently existing or hereafter adopted equity compensation plans or employment or consulting agreements or arrangements of which the Underwriters have been advised in writing or which have been filed with the Commission or (C) the issuance by us of stock options or shares of capital stock of our company under any currently existing or hereafter adopted equity compensation plan or employment/consulting agreements or arrangements of our company. There are exceptions to these restrictions if our price per share exceeds certain amounts for a five-day period.

We, our executive officers and directors, and holders of substantially all of our Common Stock have entered into lock-up agreements with the Underwriters. Under the lock-up agreements, subject to certain exceptions, we and each of these persons may not, without the prior written approval of the Underwriter, offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, or hedge our Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our Common Stock. These restrictions will be in effect for a period of approximately one year after the date of this Offering Circular.

The underwriting agreement provides that we will indemnify the Underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribute to payments the Underwriters may be required to make in respect thereof.

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We have applied to have our Common Stock approved for listing on NASDAQ under the symbol “ADOM.” If the application is approved, trading of our Common Stock on NASDAQ is expected to begin within five days after the date of initial issuance of the Common Stock. We will not consummate and close this offering without a listing approval letter from NASDAQ. Our receipt of a listing approval letter is not the same as an actual listing on NASDAQ. The listing approval letter will serve only to confirm that, if we sell a number of shares in this best efforts offering sufficient to satisfy applicable listing criteria, our Common Stock will in fact be listed.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our Common Stock. The initial public offering price has been determined by negotiations between us and the Underwriters. In determining the initial public offering price, we and the Underwriters have considered a number of factors including:

Neither we nor the Underwriters can assure investors that an active trading market will develop for shares of our Common Stock, or that the shares will trade in the public market at or above the initial public offering price.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the sale of 4,400,000 shares of Common Stock in this offering will be approximately $18,201,247, based upon the initial public offering price of $5.00 per share, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the initial public offering price would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us by approximately $4.136 million, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this Offering Circular, remains the same.

The principal purposes of this offering are to increase our capitalization and financial flexibility, increase our visibility in the marketplace and create a public market for our Common Stock. As of the date of this Offering Circular, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to us from this offering. However, we currently intend to use the net proceeds to us from this offering primarily for general corporate purposes, including working capital, sales and marketing activities and general and administrative matters. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds for the acquisition of, or investment in, technologies, solutions or businesses that complement our business, although we have no present commitments or agreements to enter into any acquisitions or investments.

We will retain broad discretion in the allocation of the net proceeds from this offering and could utilize the proceeds in ways that do not necessarily improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our Common Stock.

Accordingly, we expect to use the net proceeds as follows:

There are no anticipated material changes in the use of proceeds if all of the Common Stock being qualified in this offering are not sold. To the extent that we sell more than 4,400,000 shares, the additional net proceeds will be used for working capital.

The foregoing information is an estimate based on our current business plan. We may find it necessary or advisable to re-allocate portions of the net proceeds reserved for one category to another, and we will have broad discretion in doing so. Pending these uses, we intend to invest the net proceeds of this offering in short-term, interest-bearing securities.

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DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Overview

We design, manufacture and install advanced zero-emission electric and hybrid drivetrain systems for use in new school buses and medium to heavy-duty commercial fleet vehicles. We also design, manufacture and install unique and patented conversion kits to replace conventional drivetrain systems for diesel and gasoline powered vehicles zero-emission electric or hybrid drivetrain systems. The hybrid drivetrain systems are available in both an assistive hybrid format and a full-traction format for use in private and commercial fleet vehicles of all sizes. We seek to expand our product offerings to include the sale of zero-emission vehicles manufactured by OEM partners, but to be marketed, sold, warrantied and serviced through our developing distribution and service network.

ADOMANI drivetrain systems can be built with options for remote monitoring, electric power-export and various levels of grid-connectivity. Our zero-emission systems may also grow to include automated charging infrastructure and “intelligent” stationary energy storage that enables fast vehicle charging, emergency back-up facility power, and access to the developing, grid-connected opportunities for the aggregate power available from groups of large battery packs.

We are a provider of new zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles and replacement drivetrains focused on total cost of ownership. We help fleet operators unlock the benefits of green technology and address the challenges of local, State and Federal regulatory compliance and traditional-fuel price cost instability.

We generated virtually no revenue from inception through December 31, 2016. For the years ended 2016 and 2015 our net losses were $10.7 million and $6.0 million, respectively.

Market Overview

Concerns regarding climate change and other environmental considerations have led to the implementation of laws and regulations that restrict, cap, or tax emissions in the automotive industry and throughout other industries. In particular, EPA Tier 4 emission standards, CARB regulations, and recently implemented policies in Europe, generally referred to as Stage I, II, III and IV regulations, are requiring a significant reduction in the level of emissions and particulate matter produced by diesel power systems. These regulations are taking effect and are expected to increase both the cost and size of emission-compliant diesel power products, primarily due to the need to incorporate additional combustion and after-treatment components.

A variety of market factors are contributing to the increased use of alternative fuels and growth of alternative fuel technology, including economics, energy independence, environmental concerns, and the widespread availability of alternative fuels. As the price of crude oil remains volatile and the threat of climate change and air pollution remain public concerns, the search for more cost effective and cleaner fuels has become more important. Electricity has emerged as one solution to these challenges. The price of alternative fuels such as electricity is substantially less than diesel or gasoline, and alternative fuels produce lower amounts of toxic greenhouse gases.

Electric passenger cars reached one million in cumulative global sales in September 2015, up from about 665,000 at the end of 2014, at which time there were also 46,000 electric buses and 235 million electric two-wheelers on the road worldwide. Despite significant increases, electric vehicles still represented only 0.08% of passenger cars in 2014, with electric vehicle market share exceeding 1% of total car sales in only four countries: the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United States, with Norway leading at 12.5% of annual sales in 2014.

As the recent mention of buses and two wheelers indicates, when discussing electric vehicles, there are multiple markets. Passenger cars are the most prominent, but two wheelers are far more prevalent, and buses and

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trucks, although smaller in number are significantly higher in price and often purchased in bulk by major corporate customers or government or transit agencies. Because light duty passenger vehicles represent the largest potential market and have received the most attention from both analysts and policymakers, most global forecasts look at light duty electric vehicle sales.

Charging infrastructure is another important factor in electric vehicle adoption rates. The United States currently has 12,845 public electric charging stations and 32,069 public charging outlets. Some areas have considerably more charging stations than others, contributing to greater electric vehicle usage in those regions. Examples of particularly well equipped areas include the East and West Coasts of the United States, Japan, and Western Europe.

Electric Vehicle Markets

Electric vehicles include those that plug in to sources of electricity to recharge: plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (“PHEVs”) and pure electric battery electric vehicles (“BEVs”), as well as simple hybrid vehicles that combine a conventional powertrain with some kind of electric propulsion. Electric motors all share simple mechanics and high energy conversion efficiency, which can reach 90% over a range of speeds and power outputs. Especially in start-stop city driving, regenerative braking can help convert motive energy back into electricity and reduce wear on brakes. Electric motors can also provide high torque from rest and do not need multiple gears to match power curves, obviating the need for gearboxes and torque converters.

Passenger Vehicles

Total worldwide sales of passenger EVs only surpassed one million in September 2015. Despite recent growth, this still represents only 5% of the multi-nation Electric Vehicles Initiative’s goal of 20 million passenger EVs on the roads by 2020, or 2% of global cars.

2015 saw significant sales growth for plug-in electric vehicles (including both pure PEVs and PHEVs). Global sales reached almost 540,000, a nearly 70% increase from 2014, which itself saw about a 50% increase from 2013. As positive as this trend is, electric vehicles still comprised only 0.6% of the global auto market in 2015.

Regionally, the greatest growth by far came in China, which more than tripled electric vehicle sales in 2015, followed by Europe, where sales were nearly double a year before. Perhaps surprisingly, both the United States and Japan saw slight drop-offs in 2015. Sustained low gasoline prices over the past year may have made fuel economy less of an issue than before, negating much of the economic value of purchasing an electric vehicle instead of a conventional diesel or gasoline vehicle. On the other hand, China and Europe were able to accelerate sales growth, likely due to stronger government support, particularly in the form of rebates, tax abatements, and other financial incentives for purchasing electric vehicles.

Commercial Vehicles

As relatively simple as the pricing analysis is for individual consumers, the purchase and deployment of heavy duty commercial vehicles involve consideration of many more variables. Here, the type of customer is a major determinant, whether it is a commercial customer buying trucks for a fleet or a municipal entity purchasing buses for public use. Navigant Research forecasts global sales of electric drive and electric-assisted medium and heavy duty commercial vehicles (over 10,000 pounds) to grow from 16,000 in 2014 to almost 160,000 in 2023, for total sales of over 800,000 of such vehicles during the period. Navigant expects electric vehicles’ market share to increase from 0.4% to 2.9% of all medium and heavy duty commercial vehicle sales over the same period.

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Environmental Benefits

Because heavy-duty commercial vehicles consume considerably more fuel than light duty passenger vehicles, the environmental benefits of replacing conventionally fueled commercial vehicles with EVs can also be substantial. Whereas an electric passenger car will reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 3 tons per year as compared to a conventional car, replacing a conventional Class 8 port drayage truck with an electric equivalent can bring an 18 metric ton annual reduction in GHG emissions. Replacing a conventional diesel bus with an all-electric bus can achieve a 78 metric ton reduction in GHG emissions. Electric buses can also reduce NO_x emissions by 47 kg per year compared to a diesel bus and 19 kg compared to a CNG bus. As discussed below, these pollution reductions have had the greatest impact in the electric bus market, where public-minded municipalities are the principal purchasers.

Electricity Cost Considerations

Despite the higher electricity consumption of electric trucks, more widespread adoption could lead to more efficient utilization of utility assets and thus not necessarily lead to higher rates. At this point, deployment of electric trucks and buses is still too small to assess their full impact on electricity prices. As a study by the clean transportation nonprofit CALSTART emphasizes, evaluating this impact will involve weighing potential efficiency benefits, the impact on utility distribution grids, including the cost of potential upgrades, and the need for additional infrastructure.

Trucks

Some of the main markets for electric trucks include delivery vans, shuttle buses, and utility or work trucks, each of which has its own set of challenges. Where PHEVs have greater operational flexibility and require less charging infrastructure, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) can be either short range, which can charge quickly and operate with limited interruption, or long range, requiring longer charging times but more intraday operational flexibility. The table below presents some examples of different kinds of vehicles, battery sizes, and electricity demands.

Table 1: Electricity Needs of Electric Truck and Bus Types

Source: CALSTART, Electric Truck & Bus Grid Integration (Sept. 2015), p. 8

Because of charging needs and restrictions, short-haul fleet vehicles that operate in a limited geographic area and return to central locations, such as delivery vans and shuttle buses, are the best candidates for electrification. Smith Electric Vehicles, for example, has sold step trucks and vans to companies like FedEx and Frito-Lay to use on local delivery routes.

Buses – Transit

For a number of reasons, buses probably present a more promising near-term market for electrification than other commercial vehicles. First, most bus purchases are public in nature, coming from transit agencies or school

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districts. As a later survey of government policies in the United States and abroad will show, many locales require public transportation operators to purchase and operate low-emissions vehicles. For public entities, cleaner transportation systems can provide benefits beyond reduced operating costs, in the form of less pollution and lower abatement and cleanup costs. Second, electric drive buses are likely to have lower fuel and maintenance costs, typically a large cost area for transit operators, compared to conventional diesel buses. Third, electric buses have smoother, faster acceleration and provide a quieter, smoother ride, benefiting both passengers and the surrounding urban environment.

Similarly to passenger cars and commercial fleets, high initial costs and the logistics of charging remain the greatest drawbacks. As detailed in the table below, depending on the market, hybrid buses can cost at least 40% more than, and sometimes over twice as much as, conventional diesel or CNG buses. Electric buses can be anywhere from twice to nearly five times as expensive as conventional buses.

Table 2: Hybrid and Electric Transit Bus Estimated Prices by Region, 2014

Source: Frost & Sullivan

Hybrid buses have gained greater traction than pure electric models in China and India, the two largest markets for electric buses. Both countries have some of the world’s worst urban pollution, as well as cities where buses form a greater part of public transportation than rail systems. Both China and India have a number of domestic hybrid and electric bus manufacturers, including Yutong, Xiamen King Long Motor Group, BYD, Nanjing Golden Dragon Bus, and Zhongtong Bus in China and Tata and Ashok Leyland in India. Of the 500,000 city buses in operation in China in 2014, analysts estimate that 80,000 were electric (presumably including hybrid electric models), with 27,000 more sold in 2014 and about 20,000 sold through the first half of 2015. The five companies just mentioned accounted for 62.5%, or 17,011, of the buses sold in 2014.

Electric drive or hybrid electric buses made up 17% of bus fleets in the United States in 2014, with most being gasoline or diesel hybrids, which made up between 30% and 40% of new bus sales. At the end of 2014, there were only 130 zero-emissions buses, that is, fully electric or fuel cell-powered buses, in operation or on order in the United States. A CALSTART executive has estimated that this number will double in 2016, and that zero-emissions models will make up 20% of the transit bus market by 2030. As an example of the cost impact of purchasing new electric buses, the Chicago Transit Authority recently committed to purchase 20-30 buses over the next few years, at a total pre-subsidy cost of $30 million to $40 million.

In the United States, the major sellers of battery electric buses through 2014 were Proterra and BYD, having sold 110 and 102 electric buses respectively. BYD, a Warren Buffet-backed Chinese manufacturer, expected to sell an additional 200 electric buses in the United States in 2015, and has sold about 5,200 worldwide.

Buses – School

School buses present another significant potential market for electrification. The United States has 480,000 school buses carrying 25 million children to school every day. The typically short, predictable routes of school buses are particularly suited to running solely on electricity. Traditional diesel school buses, which make up over

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half the total fleet, not only consume large amounts of fuel—more than 800 million gallons of diesel a year in the United States, at a fuel economy of only 4 mpg—but also directly impact children with tailpipe emissions. In response, a number of states have included school buses in clean transportation mandates, and some school districts, notably in California and Illinois, have begun to replace diesel buses with electric. Navistar introduced the first hybrid model in 2007, improving fuel economy by 30%, or up to 65% for a plug-in hybrid model, and other manufacturers followed suit, but we are not aware of any current hybrid manufacturing of school buses taking place.

Market Drivers

A number of factors impact both the supply and demand for various types of electric vehicles and we believe that we are well positioned benefit as a result of these driving forces. Except for energy storage technologies, discussed earlier, subsequent sections will address these market drivers in greater detail.

Prominent drivers of supply include:

Prominent drivers of demand include:

United States – Federal Laws and Incentives

As numerous as U.S. policies at the state and Federal levels may at first appear, unlike in China and many European nations, few Federal, and fewer state policies directly single out electric vehicles. Most often, U.S. policies encourage greater use of vehicles that run on some kind of alternative fuel, whether electricity, natural gas, hydrogen, or biodiesel. In addition, the United States has less of a comprehensive, coherent framework aimed at increasing electric vehicle use than do countries like China and many European nations.

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United States – State Laws and Incentives

Among U.S. states, California is notable for pioneering a number of measures that have encouraged ELECTRIC VEHICLE production and adoption, often later copied by other jurisdictions. These include financial incentives like tax credits and rebates for both individual and fleet owners, HOV lane access, and various grant and loan programs. Besides setting the nation’s most stringent emissions standards, California has required automakers to produce increasing percentages of zero-emission vehicles, of which EVs make up a significant portion, along with creating a market that allows manufacturers to buy and sell credits awarded for selling EVs. AB 923 became effective January 1, 2005 and effective January 1, 2012, Assembly Bill 470 authorized using AB 923 funding for the purchase of new school buses or retrofit of existing buses to accomplish the primary goal of reducing children’s exposure to both cancer-causing and smog-forming pollutants. Administered by the CARB, AB 923 authorizes State funding of up to $400,000 per new zero-emission school buses and up to $200,000 for the conversion of existing school buses ten years old or newer. The purchase of new buses, restricted to replacement of existing buses prior to AB 923, is now permitted for fleet expansion as well. There are no longer any limits on the buses’ gross vehicle weight rating (“GVWR”). All-electric school bus conversions that use technologies already demonstrated on school buses, and with engineering plans, are eligible for AB923 funding. All vehicles receiving AB 923 funding must have CHP Safety Certifications that are submitted to CARB prior to funding. AB 923 contains other technical requirements for the buses, all of which ADOMANI products comply with.

Challenges

Fleet operators and their companies face a number of challenges in the market today, including:

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Our Solution

We design, manufacture and install advanced zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles and replacement drivetrain systems that improve fuel economy and reduce emissions. ADOMANI helps vehicles run more efficiently and cost effectively. Specifically, we enable our customers to:

Development of the Business to Date

We have developed and commercialized our products and services, which primarily include:

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We have taken an active role in building awareness and support for our zero-emission electric and hybrid drivetrain systems in industry specific target groups and at all levels of government and regulatory agencies and the constituencies they serve. We have accomplished this through prior and current memberships in industry groups (private and governmental) and participation in their events; speaking engagements; management interviews; pilot product exhibits; fleet vehicle demonstrations and responses to Requests For Information and Requests For Proposals. In addition to the visibility we have achieved through these efforts, we believe that having an office in Silicon Valley will assist us in finding and recruiting appropriately trained engineers and technicians.

As a result of these activities and our sales efforts, as of July 1, 2016, we had procured Letters of Intent (“LOIs”) to purchase 25 new purpose-built zero-emission electric school buses; LOIs to convert an additional 25 buses to all-electric buses; and we have pending discussions for many more. We continue to work with the various agencies providing funding available to our customers so that the LOIs become purchase orders, which we expect to see happen in the first quarter of 2017, although there can be no assurance as to that timing.

As discussed below under Partnerships/Teaming Agreements, we have entered into a number of agreements with third parties, and continue to explore additional alliances, to establish our decentralized assembly, sales and service model. We believe we can preserve cash resources and yet still scale-up quickly when demand requires by leveraging the unused or underutilized service technician time, specific vehicle type expertise and service facility equipment of specific partners in ways to off-load some defined tasks, providing seasonal demand adjustments to technician headcount that will partially mitigate the human resource costs and challenges associated with scaling-up or down an employee base.

Our Strengths

We believe the following attributes and capabilities provide us with long-term competitive advantages:

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Our Strategy

We intend to capitalize on these opportunities by pursuing the following key growth strategies:

Our Customers

Our current primary focus is school buses and transit buses. For example, we have entered into a Teaming Agreement with A-Z Bus Sales to market and convert school buses to all-electrics and/or hybrids. Our target customers primarily include all public and private fleet operators that have an interest in meeting or exceeding local, State and Federal emission regulatory guidelines while saving money in fuel and maintenance costs over the lifecycle of their fleet vehicles and that also have an interest in tangible demonstrations (publicity) of their green-house-gas (GHG) reducing efforts. These targets include:

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Our Products and Services

Our products and services primarily include:

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Zero-emission electric drivetrain systems for use in new school buses and medium to heavy-duty commercial fleet vehicles.

This drivetrain system results in a zero-emission electric vehicle with similar performance specifications (except range) to a traditionally fueled version. The major drivetrain components systems include appropriately sized traction motor/generator(s), motor controller(s) and power-flow set up for either a direct-drive configuration, a single speed gearbox (speed reduction) or, a multi-gear ration transmission system. Other integrated drivetrain components include lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or similar) battery packs, a battery management system (BMS), inverters, chargers, electrically driven systems for power steering and power (hydraulic or air) brakes, a vehicle control unit (VCU), wiring harnesses, a flat screen user-interface (dash board) and fleet technician diagnostic tools. An additional feature of our drivetrain system is that it uses many existing OEM parts, permitting easy access to parts and facilitating maintenance, repair and warranty activity.

Zero-emission electric conversion drivetrain systems for use in existing fleet, school buses and medium to heavy-duty commercial fleet vehicles.

This drivetrain system results in the same zero-emission electric vehicle described immediately above. However, this drivetrain systems allows for the removal of the OEM’s internal combustion engine (ICE), radiator cooling systems, fuel tanks, exhaust and emission systems (manifolds, pipes, mufflers, particulate filters, DEF system, etc.) and usually the OEM transmission and associated transmission cooling system.

Conversion hybrid drivetrain systems in an assistive hybrid format for use in private and commercial fleet vehicles of all sizes to improve overall miles per gallon (mpg) performance.

This conversion drivetrain system integrates a modest sized motor/generator, motor controller, modest sized energy storage system (battery packs) of high C-rated batteries or ultra-capacitors and a user-interface for system monitoring by the vehicle operator.

Conversion hybrid drivetrain systems in a “full-traction” format for use in private and commercial fleet vehicles of all sizes.

This hybrid conversion drivetrain system retains the OEM drivetrain system and adds an electric drive system that results in a vehicle with OEM performance as well as the ability to run the vehicle in various drivetrain power-flow modes including an all-electric mode for when zero-emission operations are required. The major drivetrain components systems include the same items enumerated above. Optional equipment for this system can provide significant power export capabilities.

Purpose-built, zero-emission vehicles of all sizes manufactured by outside OEM partners but to be marketed, sold, warrantied and serviced through the developing ADOMANI distribution and service network.

ADOMANI currently has such an arrangement with a manufacturer of zero-emission electric transit-style buses and school buses of various sizes. These vehicles are designed to the Company’s specifications where possible, and will utilize the drivetrains systems described above.

Optional drivetrain components that allow for electric power-export and various levels of grid connectivity.

These systems integrate bi-directional changers and inverters and require additional facility based, stationary charging hardware and control systems.

In addition, our products and services may in the future include some or all of the following:

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Testing

Our suppliers are completely vetted before their products are accepted for use in our products. Our drivetrains and finished products are inspected, road-tested and receive a complete quality control report prior to delivery.

Customer Service, Support and Training

The sales team, both direct and contractors, will be used as the first point of customer contact for customer support and training. At the point that the sales force can no longer handle the volume of these requirements, we will hire, train and support an additional internal staff.

Technology

Zero-emission electric drivetrain systems for purpose-built new vehicles generally include a wide range of traction drivetrain systems utilizing OEM original specs with multi-ratio options, traction battery pack chemistries with options for 2C (normal), 5C (modest) or 20C ( fast charging), using thermal management systems; battery management systems (“BMS”) with full CAN bus control at a cellular level; options for vehicle-to-grid (bi-directional) power management; and options for HVAC, and utilizing a more powerful and efficient high voltage system of 600 volts or higher. As previously mentioned, the systems also use many existing OEM parts, permitting easy to find, order and obtain almost any part, and facilitating maintenance, repair and warranty activity.

Gas/diesel to all-electric conversion systems. include similar features as purpose-built vehicle systems, and typically retain the OEM transmission, cooling systems for the engine and transmission, mounting brackets and bolts, power steering and air brake systems, alternators for 12 and/or 24 volt systems, and accessories like belts, pulleys, pumps and related components. The conversion kits only replace the engine block with an electric motor and the gas tank with a battery pack. Almost all other moving OEM parts remain in the vehicle, facilitating a straightforward, easy to work on conversion and providing the benefits described in the preceding paragraph with respect to parts.

Our hybrid drivetrain systems use electric power assist to allow vehicles to drive in economy mode, or increases the power of a conventional gas or diesel engine if operated in regular mode. Our patented electric

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driveshaft replaces only the OEM driveshaft with an electric motor driveshaft. The hybrid driveshaft kit doesn’t affect the OEM components, parts or computer and the entire hybrid system can be installed within hours on most vehicles. Our patented system allows rear-wheel driveshaft trucks and buses to become a hybrid simply by replacing the driveshaft and adding a battery pack and controller box.

Our research and development expenses were $0.5million, $0.1million and $0.5million and $37,000 for 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 respectively. The decrease in 2016 was due to much of this work being capitalized related to building a specific demonstration vehicle.

Sales and Marketing

Sales

Currently, our sales team includes James L. Reynolds, Kevin G. Kanning and Enrique Boull’t, currently a consultant and the former COO of the Los Angeles Unified School District. We intend to expand our marketing and sales force as we open our sales, service and assembly facilities. We expect that each facility will have a team of dedicated marketing and sales employees with responsibility for the geographic region in which the facility is located. As a result, we believe we can efficiently and cost-effectively build out our marketing and sales network.

Marketing

We plan to focus our marketing efforts on increasing brand awareness, generating demand for our products, communicating product advantages and generating qualified leads for our sales force. We intend to rely on a variety of marketing vehicles, including participation in industry conferences and trade shows, public relations, industry research and our collaborative relationships with our business and teaming partners to share our technical message with customers. We also market our products on our website http://adomanielectric.com.

Manufacturing

We intend initially to contract with third-party suppliers to manufacture our products.

Distribution

We intend to distribute products to regional locations for installation into the motor vehicle.

Partnerships/Teaming Agreements

We have agreements with A-Z Bus Sales; GreenPower Motor Company, Inc.; Central States Bus Sales; ADOMANI/Redwood/TSI; China Low-Carbon Industry Investment Center International Committee; and with Lion Buses, Inc.

A-Z Bus Sales

ADOMANI and A-Z Bus Sales, a provider of sales, service, parts, and financing for both new and pre-owned buses, coaches, mini-buses, commercial trucks, vans, fire engines and fire trucks, as well as emissions compliance services like diesel particulate filter retrofits for buses and trucks, have entered into a Teaming Agreement where both companies have agreed to work together on the conversion, marketing, selling and servicing of school buses and other vehicles. A-Z Bus Sales has operations in California, Arizona, Nevada and Hawaii.

Green Power Motor Company, Inc. (“Green Power”)

GreenPower produces a range of bus models deploying electric drivetrain and battery technologies with a lightweight chassis. GreenPower integrates key components from such global suppliers as Siemens, Knorr, ZF

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and Parker, among others, providing an OEM platform that allows them to meet the specifications of various operators. GreenPower has appointed ADOMANI as its authorized factory representative for the California for Types A, C and D zero-emission electric school buses on a non-exclusive basis. Assuming various milestones are achieved, the agreement with ADOMANI will be ongoing and may expand into additional states or regions.

Central States Bus Sales (“Central States”)

Central States, a large Blue Bird school bus dealer and a large commercial bus dealer covering AR, IL, KY,TN and MO; have entered into a teaming agreement where both companies have agreed to work together on the conversion, marketing, selling and servicing of the many types of buses Central States currently sells.

Redwood/TSI (“Redwood”)

Redwood, an affiliate of Redwood Group International Limited, an advisor to ADOMANI, entered into a teaming agreement with ADOMANI to assist ADOMANI with converting new and used buses and trucks to zero-emission electric or hybrid vehicles through collaboration on various projects to develop and expand the market opportunities for ADOMANI.

China Low-carbon Industry Investment Center International Committee (“Low Carbon”)

To assist with its efforts to gain access to the China market through ADOMANI China, ADOMANI has entered into an agreement with Low Carbon, who is tasked with reducing carbon emissions in China, to assist ADOMANI with converting new and used buses and trucks to zero-emission electric or hybrid vehicles through marketing, public relations, sales and financing activity, including compliance with regulatory requirements.

Lion Buses, Inc. (“Lion”)

On November 1, 2016, Lion, a manufacturer of Type C electric school buses, granted ADOMANI exclusive dealer rights to sell Type C school buses, and when available, Type A school buses, in Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Arizona, Washington and Idaho for three years, at which time the agreement will automatically renew.

Employees

As of December 31, 2016 we had four full-time employees, James L. Reynolds, our CEO/President, Edward R. Monfort, our Chief Technology Officer and Founder, Kevin G. Kanning, our Chief Operating Officer, and Robert Williams, our VP Purchasing. None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. We believe our employee relations are good.

Competition

The power conversion vehicle market is highly competitive and we expect it to become even more so in the future as additional companies launch competing products and vehicle offerings. We compete with other alternative energy technologies, such as natural gas and hybrid technologies. These competitors include Ford, which produces the Ford Transit Connect EV^®; Navistar, which produces the Navistar eStar^®; Freightliner, which produces the MT E-CELL; Odyne Systems, which produces plug-in hybrid heavy- and medium-duty trucks; ZeroTruck, which produces an all-electric medium-duty truck; Electric Vehicles International, which produces an all-electric walk-in van and light- and medium-duty commercial electric trucks; BYD which manufactures new electric transit buses; Proterra, which manufactures new electric transit buses; TransPower which converts Type D school buses; and Motiv, which converts Type A school buses.

Intellectual Property

The protection of our technology and intellectual property is an important component of our success. We rely on intellectual property laws, including trade secret, copyright, trademark and patent laws in the United

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States and abroad, and use contracts, confidentiality procedures, non-disclosure agreements, employee disclosure and invention assignment agreements and other contractual rights to protect our intellectual property.

As of December 31, 2016, we own three issued U.S. Patents which will expire in in 2030 and 2033. We also are in the process of preparing domestic and foreign patent applications on new inventions. In addition, we maintain a trademark portfolio including common law trademarks and service marks and have two service marks registered in the United States.

Circumstances outside of our control could pose a threat to our intellectual property rights. Effective intellectual property protection may not be available in the United States or other countries in which we provide our solution. In addition, the efforts we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights may not be sufficient or effective. Any impairment of our intellectual property rights could harm our business, our ability to compete and harm our operating results. In addition, as the number of competitors grows and solutions of competitors overlap, we may in the future face claims by third parties that we infringe upon or misappropriate their intellectual property rights, and we may be found to be infringing upon or to have misappropriated such rights. In the future, we, or our customers, may be the subject of legal proceedings alleging that our solutions or underlying technology infringe or violate the intellectual property rights of others.

Governmental Programs and Incentives

We believe that the availability of government subsidies and incentives currently is an important factor considered by our customers when purchasing our vehicles, and that our growth depends in part on the availability and amounts of these subsidies and incentives. Over time, we believe that the importance of the availability of government subsidies and incentives will decrease, as we continue to reduce the upfront cost of our vehicles. In order to help ensure that we and our customers benefit from available subsidies and incentive programs in both the United States, Canada, Mexico, Asia and in Europe, we have incentive specialists that work directly with our sales team and our customers on these issues.

U.S./State/Local programs and incentives

California Hybrid Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Program

We believe our customers may be eligible for purchase under HVIP. HVIP is a partnership between CARB, and CALSTART, the purpose of which is to help speed the early market introduction of clean, low-carbon hybrid and electric trucks and buses. Under HVIP, dealers and fleet operators may request vouchers from HVIP on a first-come first-serve basis, up to the funding amount available for that year, to reduce the cost of purchasing hybrid and zero-emission medium- and heavy-duty trucks and buses. HVIP vouchers range in amount from $6,000 to $110,000, depending on the gross vehicle weight of the purchased vehicle and the number of vehicles purchased. School buses would be entitled to $95,000 to $110,000 for each new school bus.

HVIP funds the purchase of only fully commercialized hybrid and zero-emission trucks and buses. Vehicles still in the demonstration or evaluation stage are not eligible for inclusion in HVIP. Vehicle manufacturers must apply to have their hybrid and zero-emissions trucks and buses included in HVIP’s voucher program. Once a make and model is included in the program, the manufacturer is not required to submit a full application for the succeeding year’s program unless the vehicle has been modified. We intend to comply with the HVIP guidelines and qualify our school buses and vehicles for the HVIP vouchers.

Overview of State-Level, Fleet Incentive Programs Most Applicable to ADOMANI Products

California Hybrid and Zero-Emissions Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Project

HVIP is a streamlined incentive program to help speed the purchase of clean, hybrid, and electric trucks and buses. All fleets are eligible, whether they’re public or private, large or small. HVIP is designed to assist fleets

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and dealers by reducing vehicle cost right at the time of purchase. HVIP base vouchers range from $18,000 to $95,000 per vehicle on a first-come, first-served basis. Additional funding for some vehicles can raise voucher levels up to $160,000 per vehicle HVIP is funded at $9 million per year in voucher funding from CARB.

New York Truck Voucher Incentive Program

NYT-VIP is a first-come, first-served $19 million incentive program funded by the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (NYSERDA). Eligible vehicles include all-electric, hybrid-electric, and CNG trucks and buses, along with retrofit diesel-emission control devices (DECD). Funding for eligible vehicles domiciled in New York State and New York City can reach $60,000 per vehicle.

Drive Clean Chicago

Drive Clean Chicago is accelerating the adoption of advanced vehicle technologies for the commercial truck and taxi sectors in the Chicago six-county area by reducing the cost of new alternative fuel vehicles and public alternative fuel stations. The program from the Chicago Department of Transportation (CDOT) offers incentives including $10,000 for CNG and electric taxis, up to $150,000 for hybrid and all-electric trucks, and 30% of the capital cost for CNG and fast-charge electric fueling stations.

In addition to these state-level programs, there are many Federal programs that range from providing tax credits to providing funding to providing grants and loans for the purchase of zero-emission and hybrid vehicles. Many of the programs provide funding for up to 60% of the cost an all-electric repower conversion.

U.S. Clean Vehicles Incentive Program (US-VIP) A CALSTART Initiative

CALSTART is taking the next step with US-VIP, a new five-year campaign to expand voucher opportunities nationwide and accelerate fleet adoption across a wide spectrum of alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles. US-VIP represents a plan for dramatic change in the clean vehicle marketplace. Its goals include:

California Air Resources Board

CARB gathers air quality data for the State of California, ensures the quality of this data, designs and implements air models, and sets ambient air quality standards for the state. CARB compiles the state’s emissions inventory and performs air quality and emissions inventory special studies. CARB uses the Emissions Inventory and Air Quality Models to evaluate air quality and reduce emissions in each of the 35 local air districts.

CARB has programs and awards hundreds of millions of dollars in grants to reduce emissions from on- and off-road vehicles and equipment. CARB is responsible for program oversight. CARB awards grants and funds through the Air Quality Improvement Program (AB 118); the Carl Moyer Program; the Voucher Incentive Program for enhanced fleet modernization and emission reduction; and the Lower-Emission School Bus Program/School Bus Retrofit and Replacement Account.

California Energy Commission (“CEC”)

The goal of the CEC is to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the impact of climate change. In 2006 the Legislature passed and then Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed two landmark pieces of

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legislation with far-reaching implications for energy policy. The most comprehensive is Assembly Bill 32, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, which sets an economy-wide cap on California greenhouse gas emissions at 1990 levels by no later than 2020. This is an aggressive goal that represents approximately an 11 percent reduction from current emissions levels and nearly a 30 percent reduction from projected business-as-usual levels in 2020. Thirty-eight percent of the state’s greenhouse gas emissions is attributable to the transportation sector. In 2007, Assembly Bill 118 created the Alternative and Renewable Fuel and Vehicle Technology Program. The program is intended to increase the use of alternative and renewable fuels and innovative technologies that will transform California’s fuel and vehicle types to help attain the state’s climate change policies. AB 118 authorizes the Energy Commission to provide approximately $100 million annually as incentives to public agencies, vehicle and technology consortia, businesses, public-private partnerships, workforce training partnerships and collaboratives, fleet owners, consumers, recreational boaters, and academic institutions for projects that: Develop and improve alternative and renewable low-carbon fuels; Optimize alternative and renewable fuels for existing and developing engine technologies; Improve light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicle technologies; and Retrofit medium-and heavy-duty on-road and non-road vehicle fleets.

Air Quality Management Districts (“AQMD”) and Air Pollution Control Districts (“APCD”)

AQMD/APCD are responsible for controlling emissions primarily from stationary sources of air pollution. These can include anything from large power plants and refineries to the corner gas station. Seventy-five percent of emissions come from mobile sources–mainly cars, trucks and buses, but also construction equipment, ships, trains and airplanes. Local AQMD/APCD develop and adopt an Air Quality Improvement Plans (AQIP), which serves as the blueprint to bring the respective areas into compliance with federal and state clean air standards. Rules are adopted to reduce emissions from various sources, including specific types of equipment, industrial processes, paints and solvents, even consumer products. Permits are issued to many businesses and industries to ensure compliance with air quality rules. Local AQMDs award grants to help reduce emissions in their local communities.

Clean Cities

Clean Cities is a program administered by the DOE’s Office of Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technology Program. According to the DOE, the mission of Clean Cities is to advance the energy, economic, and environmental security of the United States by supporting local decisions to adopt practices that reduce the use of petroleum in the transportation sector. Clean Cities is a government-industry partnership. Under the program, public and private stakeholders from businesses, city and state governments, the automotive industry, fuel providers, and community organizations form coalitions throughout the country, which then work with the DOE to establish a plan for reducing petroleum consumption in their respective geographic areas.

Diesel Emissions Reduction Act funding

The National Clean Diesel Funding Assistance Program, which is administered by the EPA National Clean Diesel Campaign, provides funding under the Diesel Emissions Reduction Act for projects that seek to reduce emissions from existing diesel engines. Eligible applicants include U.S. regional, state and local agencies that have jurisdiction over transportation or air quality and certain nonprofit institutions that provide pollution reduction or educational services to owners and operators of diesel fleets or that have as their principal purpose the promotion of transportation or air quality. Among the eligible uses of funding under this program are the purchase of buses and medium and heavy-duty trucks that result in reduced diesel emissions.

Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program

The Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement program (“CMAQ”), which is jointly administered by the DOT Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration, provides funding to states to support surface transportation projects and other related efforts that contribute air quality

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improvements and provide congestion relief. CMAQ funding is allocated to the states annually based on a statutory formula that is based on population and air quality classification as designated by the EPA. Each state’s transportation department then is responsible for distributing the funds. State transportation departments may spend CMAQ funds on projects that reduce ozone precursors, and at least 16 states have used CMAQ funds for alternative fuel vehicle projects (such as purchasing electric or hybrid vehicles).

Other State incentives

A number of states and municipalities in the United States, as well as certain private enterprises, offer incentive programs to encourage the adoption of alternative fuel vehicles, including tax exemptions, tax credits, exemptions and special privileges. For example, Maryland has introduced a voucher program that provides financial assistance for the purchase of electric trucks registered in that state, and Arizona exempts use tax and lowers registration fees for the purchase of an electric vehicle. Other states, including Colorado, Georgia, Utah, Florida and West Virginia, provide for substantial state tax credits for the purchase of electric vehicles.

Government Regulation

Our products are designed to comply with a significant number of governmental regulations and industry standards, some of which are evolving as new technologies are deployed. Government regulations regarding the manufacture, sale and implementation of products and systems similar to ours are subject to future change. We cannot predict what impact, if any, such changes may have upon our business. We believe that our vehicles are in conformity with all applicable laws in all relevant jurisdictions.

Emission and fuel economy standards

Government regulation related to climate change is under consideration at the U.S. federal and state levels. The EPA and NHTSA issued a final rule for greenhouse gas emissions and fuel economy requirements for trucks and heavy-duty engines on August 9, 2011, which will have an initial phase in starting with model year 2014 and a final phase in occurring in model year 2017. NHTSA standards for model year 2014 and 2015 will be voluntary, while mandatory standards will first come into effect in 2016.

The rule provides emission standards for CO₂ and fuel consumption standards for three main categories of vehicles: (i) combination tractors, (ii) heavy-duty pickup trucks and vans, and (iii) vocational vehicles. According to the EPA and NHTSA, vocational vehicles consist of a wide variety of truck and bus types, including delivery, refuse, utility, dump, cement, transit bus, shuttle bus, school bus, emergency vehicles, motor homes and tow trucks, and are characterized by a complex build process, with an incomplete chassis often built with an engine and transmission purchased from other manufacturers, then sold to a body manufacturer.

The EPA and NHTSA rule also establishes multiple flexibility and incentive programs for manufacturers of alternatively fueled vehicles, including an engine averaging banking and trading (“ABT”) program, a vehicle ABT program and additional credit programs for early adoption of standards or deployment of advanced or innovative technologies. The ABT programs will allow for emission and/or fuel consumption credits to be averaged, banked or traded within defined groupings of the regulatory subcategories. The additional credit programs will allow manufacturers of engines and vehicles to be eligible to generate credits if they demonstrate improvements in excess of the standards established in the rule prior to the model year the standards become effective or if they introduce advanced or innovative technology engines or vehicles.

Vehicle safety and testing

The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, or the Safety Act, regulates motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment in the United States in two primary ways. First, the Safety Act prohibits the sale in the United States of any new vehicle or equipment that does not conform to applicable motor vehicle safety

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standards established by NHTSA. Meeting or exceeding many safety standards is costly, in part because the standards tend to conflict with the need to reduce vehicle weight in order to meet emissions and fuel economy standards. Second, the Safety Act requires that defects related to motor vehicle safety be remedied through safety recall campaigns. A manufacturer is obligated to recall vehicles if it determines that the vehicles do not comply with a safety standard. Should we or NHTSA determine that either a safety defect or noncompliance exists with respect to any of our modified vehicles, the cost of such recall campaigns could be substantial.

Battery safety and testing

Our battery packs conform to mandatory regulations that govern transport of “dangerous goods,” which includes lithium-ion batteries that may present a risk in transportation. The governing regulations, which are issued by PHMSA, are based on the UN Recommendations on the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods Model Regulations, and related UN Manual of Tests and Criteria. The requirements for shipments of these goods vary by mode of transportation, such as ocean vessel, rail, truck and air.

Our battery suppliers have completed the applicable transportation tests including:

Legal Proceedings

We are not currently a party to any legal proceedings, litigation, or claims that could materially affect our business, results of operations, cash flows, or financial position. We may, from time to time, be party to litigation and subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business. As our growth continues, we may become party to an increasing number of litigation matters and claims. The outcome of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, and the resolution of any future matters could materially affect our future results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY

We maintain our principal office, R&D facility and additional office space in Newport Beach, Orange and Los Altos, California, respectively, under a combination of leases and subleases that are month-to-month or expire in February 2018. We believe that our facilities are adequate to meet our needs for the immediate future, and that, should it be needed, we will be able to secure additional space to accommodate any such expansion of our operations.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Offering Circular. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, beliefs and expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Offering Circular, particularly in “Risk Factors” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Since our incorporation in 2012, we have been engaged in developing our zero emission systems electric and, obtaining loans and funds from investors to fund that development. We are considered to be a development stage company, since we are devoting substantially all of our efforts to establishing our business and planned principal operations have not commenced, although we have refined our technology and built a variety of prototype vehicles. From inception through the date of this offering we have raised approximately $5.3 million in equity capital and $5.9 million in debt to fund our operations, including the development of third party relationships discussed in more detail in the section titled “Description of Business.” In March, April and May 2016 we received LOIs from Southern California area public school districts and coordinating agencies for the anticipated combined purchases of 25 new, purpose-built, zero-emission electric school buses with an estimated sales value of $6.8 million. During that time, we also received LOIs for the conversion of an additional 25 existing school buses with an estimated sales value of $5.0 million.

We intend to grow through a combination of the sale and installation of zero-emission systems for new or existing electric or hybrid fleet vehicles and the sale of purpose-built, zero-emission electric or hybrid vehicles of all sizes manufactured by outside OEM partners but to be marketed, sold, warrantied and serviced through the developing ADOMANI distribution and service network.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

We believe that the growth and future success of our business depend on various opportunities, challenges and other factors, including the following See Description of business for a more detailed discussion:

New Customers. We are competing with other companies and technologies to help fleet managers and their districts/companies more efficiently and cost-effectively manage their fleet operations. Once these fleet managers have decided they want to buy from us, we still face challenges helping them obtain financing options to reduce the cost barriers to purchasing. We may also encounter customers with inadequate electrical services at their facilities that may delay their ability to purchase from us.

Investment in Growth. We plan to continue to invest for long-term growth. We anticipate that our operating expenses will increase in the foreseeable future as we invest in research and development to enhance our zero-emission systems; design, develop and manufacture our drivetrains and their components; increase our sales and marketing to acquire new customers; and increase our general and administrative functions to support our growing operations. We believe that these investments will contribute to our long-term growth, although they will adversely affect our results of operations in the near term. In addition, the timing of these investments can result in fluctuations in our annual and quarterly operating results. We believe the successful completion of this offering will provide ADOMANI the necessary working capital to move forward with our business plan. Without that capital, it is unlikely we will achieve our production and sales goals.

Zero-emission electric and hybrid drivetrain experience. Our dealer and service network is not currently established, although we do have certain agreements in place. One issue they may have, and ADOMANI may

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encounter, is finding appropriately trained technicians with zero-emission electric and hybrid drivetrain experience. Our performance will be dependent on having a robust dealer and service network, which will require appropriately trained technicians to be successful. Because our vehicles are based on a different technology platform than traditional internal combustion engines, individuals with sufficient training in zero-emission electric and hybrid vehicles may not be available to hire, and we may need to expend significant time and expense training the employees we do hire. If we are not able to attract, assimilate, train or retain additional highly qualified personnel in the future, or do so cost-effectively, our performance would be significantly and adversely affected.

Market Growth. We believe the market is very large today, and will continue to grow as more purchases of new zero emission vehicles and as more conversions of existing fleet vehicles to zero-emission vehicles are made. However, unless the costs to produce decrease dramatically, purchases of our products will continue to depend in large part on financing subsidies of some kind from government agencies. We cannot be assured of the continuation or the amounts of that assistance being available to our customers.

Revenue Growth from Additional Products. We seek to add to our product offerings additional zero-emission vehicles of all sizes manufactured by outside OEM partners but to be marketed, sold, warrantied and serviced through our developing distribution and service network, as well as adding other ancillary products discussed elsewhere in this document.

Revenue Growth from Additional Geographic Markets. We believe that growth opportunities for our products exist internationally in addition to domestically, and through our wholly-owned subsidiary ADOMANI China, we will be pursuing international growth as well. Our future performance will be dependent in part upon the growth of these additional markets. Accordingly, our business and operating results will be significantly affected by our ability to timely enter and effectively address these emerging markets and the speed with which and extent to which demand for our products in these markets grows.

See the section titled “Description of Business” for a more detailed discussion.

Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

Revenue is recognized from the sales of advanced zero-emission electric and hybrid drivetrain systems for fleet vehicles and from the sale of new, purpose-built zero-emission electric or hybrid vehicles. Revenue is recognized when (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred and title has passed, (iii) the price is fixed or determinable and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales includes those costs related to the development, manufacture, and distribution of our products. Specifically, we include in cost of sales each of the following: material costs (including commodity costs); freight costs; warranty, including product recall and customer satisfaction program costs; labor and other costs related to the development and manufacture of our products; and other associated costs.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative costs include all corporate and administrative functions that support our company. These costs also include stock-based compensation expense, consulting costs, and other costs that cannot be included in Cost of Sales.

Consulting and Research & Development Costs

These costs are substantially related to our research and development activity.

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Other Income/Expense, Net

Other income/expenses include non-operating income and expenses including interest expense.

Provision for Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with the ASC 740 that requires the recognition of deferred income taxes for differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes. Because only losses have been incurred to this point, no provision for income taxes has been made.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations for the periods presented.

ADOMANI, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except for share and per share data)

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Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2016, and 2015

Revenues

Revenues were $68,000 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. We expect to begin generating revenues upon successful completion of this offering, which we estimate to be second quarter 2017.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses have historically comprised a significant portion of our operating expenses. Research and development expense was $37,273 and $548,889 for 2016 and 2015 respectively. A substantial amount of research and development expenditures made during 2016 were capitalized related to building a specific demonstration vehicle, which was the reason for lower expense in 2016.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of the following:

General and administrative expenses have historically been significant. General and administrative expense was $9.397 million and $4.633 million in 2016 and 2015 respectively. This increase is primarily due to an increase in stock-based compensation charges of $4.530 million; legal, accounting and other professional fees of $556,205 and decreases in other accounts of $322,205 during 2016. We anticipate the stock-based compensation expenses may continue to increase as we expand our infrastructure in order to begin generating revenues and as we become a public company; we cannot predict the changes in the other accounts because they are all dependent on the increased activity we anticipate after a successful completion of this offering.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of the following:

Interest expense was $1.148 million and $702,134 for 2016 and 2015 respectively. This increase is due to the accrual of a beneficial conversion expense related to existing debt instruments, the amortization of finance charges incurred on debt issued during 2015, and the amortization of the fair market value of a warrant issued during 2016 that related to 2015. These expenses will be impacted in the future by the January 30, 2017 decisions by all of the convertible debt noteholders to convert their debt into Common Stock in anticipation of the completion of this offering.

Cash Flows

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Operating Activities

Cash used in operating activities is primarily the result of our operating losses, reduced by the impact of the non-cash stock-based compensation amounts. These numbers were further impacted by adjustments for non-cash interest expense and, in 2015, an increase in accrued liabilities. The increase in accrued liabilities is largely due to payroll-related accruals that were paid in 2016.

Net cash used in operating activities during 2016 was $2.908 million, as a result of a net loss of $10.685 million, stock-based compensation of $7.565 million, other non-cash charges of $676,482, and changes in operating assets and liabilities that used $460,689 in cash. Inventory increased by $313,772; accrued expenses decreased by $238,580 due to the payment of accrued compensation of $344,914 and an increase in accrued interest on debt of $32,695; and other accruals of $73,639; accounts payable increased by $199,441; other non-current assets increased by $100,043 due to payment of several deposits; deferred revenue decreased by $68,000; and other current assets decreased by $60,265.

Net cash used by operating activities during 2015 was $2.103 million, as a result of a net loss of $6.035 million, stock-based compensation of $3.035 million, other non-cash charges of $430,722, and changes in operating assets and liabilities that provided $466,808 in cash.

We expect cash used by operating activities to fluctuate significantly in future periods as a result of a number of factors, some of which are outside of our control, including, among others: the success we achieve in generating revenue; the success we have in helping our customers obtain financing to subsidize their purchases of our products; our ability to efficiently develop our dealer and service network; the costs of batteries and other materials utilized to make our products; the extent to which we need to invest additional funds in research and development; and the amount of expense we incur to satisfy future warranty claims.

Investing Activities

Net cash used by investing activities during 2016 was $871,474. This was due to the acquisition of $411,474 of property and equipment; $450,000 net proceeds of a loan to a third party; and $10,000 invested in Silicon Turbine Solutions.

Net cash used by investing activities during 2015 was $113,332. This was primarily due to a $110,000 investment in Silicon Turbine Solutions.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during 2016 was $180,236 due to net proceeds of $1.042 million from the issuance of debt, net proceeds of $187,900 from the sale of stock, payment for stock rescission of $54,000, and to a $7,500 repayment of convertible debt principle. Other non-current assets increased $988,324 due to the capitalization of 1-A offering costs.

Net cash provided by financing activities during 2015 was $6.635 million, primarily due to net proceeds of $4.723 million from the issuance of convertible debt, net proceeds of $1.982 in sales of stock, and to a $70,000 repayment of convertible debt principle.

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The following table summarizes our future minimum payments under contractual commitments as of December 31, 2016:

The contractual commitment amounts in the table above are associated with agreements that are enforceable and legally binding. Obligations under contracts that we can cancel without a significant penalty are not included in the table above.

Credit Facilities

The company does not currently have any credit facilities.

Indemnification Agreements

As we begin producing revenue, we will provide customers with indemnification of varying scope against claims of intellectual property infringement by third parties arising from the use of our products. We do not estimate the costs related to these indemnification provisions to be significant and are unable to determine the maximum potential impact of these indemnification provisions on our future results of operations. In addition, effective April 2016, we have secured Directors and Officers liability coverage to further mitigate our indemnification exposure. No demands have been made upon us to provide indemnification and there are no claims that we are aware of that could have a material effect on our consolidated balance sheet, consolidated statement of operations, or consolidated cash flows.

Critical Accounting Policies Judgments and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates.

We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with the preparation of the financial statement information presented in this Offering Circular are not significant because we have not generated any appreciable revenue. Therefore, we have not had to make assumptions or estimates related to a reserve for bad debt expense, or for future warranty costs to be incurred, two items that will have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements in the future. We also have no significant current litigation on which we have to provide reserves or estimate accruals and our investment to date in property, plant and equipment has not been significant. We therefore have not had to rely on estimates related to impairment. We have not generated any taxable income to date, so have not had to make any decisions about future profitability that would impact recording income tax expense. Assuming we are able to generate future profits by executing our business plan, these areas, among others, will most likely be our critical accounting policies and estimates. For further information on all of our significant accounting policies, see note 2 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

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Convertible Instruments

GAAP requires companies to bifurcate conversion options from their host instruments and account for them as free standing derivative financial instruments according to certain criteria. The criteria include circumstances in which (a) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract, (b) the hybrid instrument that embodies both the embedded derivative instrument and the host contract is not re-measured at fair value under otherwise applicable generally accepted accounting principles with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur and (c) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative instrument would be considered a derivative instrument. An exception to this rule is when the host instrument is deemed to be conventional, as that term is described under applicable GAAP.

When we determine that the embedded conversion options should not be bifurcated from their host instruments, we record, when necessary, discounts to convertible notes for the intrinsic value of conversion options embedded in debt instruments (the beneficial conversion feature) based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying Common Stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. Debt discounts under these arrangements are amortized over the term of the related debt to their stated date of redemption.

Contingencies

Certain conditions may exist as of the date the financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to us, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. Our management, in consultation with its legal counsel as appropriate, assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against us or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, we, in consultation with legal counsel, evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims, as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein. If the assessment of a contingency indicates it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in our financial statements. If the assessment indicates a potentially material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable, but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss, if determinable and material, would be disclosed. Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed.

Stock-Based Compensation

We measure the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. For employees, the fair value of the award is measured on the grant date and for non-employees, the fair value of the award is generally re-measured on vesting dates and interim financial reporting dates until the service period is complete. The fair value amount is then recognized over the period during which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. The fair value of our Common Stock was estimated by management based on observations of the cash sales prices of its common shares. Awards granted to directors are treated on the same basis as awards granted to employees.

Fair Value Measurement

We measure the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on applicable accounting guidance, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

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The guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Three levels of inputs are used to measure fair value:

Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 — quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable

Level 3 — inputs that are unobservable (for example, cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions)

The fair value of our cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximates the carrying amounts of such instruments due to their short maturity. The fair value of the convertible promissory notes approximates the carrying amount because the rate and terms currently available to us approximate the rate and terms on the existing debt.

Ongoing Reporting Requirements; JOBS Act Accounting Election

Upon the completion of this offering, we expect to elect to become a public reporting company under the Exchange Act. If we elect to do so, we will be required to publicly report on an ongoing basis as an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, under the reporting rules set forth under the Exchange Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. For so long as we remain an “emerging growth company,” we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other Exchange Act reporting companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” including but not limited to:

We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards, and, therefore, will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

We expect to take advantage of the other reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would remain an “emerging growth company” for up to five years, although if the market value of our Common Stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30 before that time, we would cease to be an “emerging growth company” as of the following December 31.

If we elect not to become a public reporting company under the Exchange Act, we will be required to publicly report on an ongoing basis under the reporting rules set forth in Regulation A for Tier 2 issuers. The ongoing reporting requirements under Regulation A are more relaxed than for “emerging growth companies” under the Exchange Act. The differences include, but are not limited to, being required to file only annual and semiannual reports, rather than annual and quarterly reports. Annual reports are due within 120 calendar days after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year, and semiannual reports are due within 90 calendar days after the end of the first six months of the issuer’s fiscal year.

In either case, we will be subject to ongoing public reporting requirements that are less rigorous than Exchange Act rules for companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” and our stockholders could receive less information than they might expect to receive from more mature public companies.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern: Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern.” ASU 2014-15, which is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, extends the responsibility for performing the going-concern assessment to management and contains guidance on how to perform a going-concern assessment and when going-concern disclosures would be required under GAAP. We do not anticipate that the adoption of ASU 2014-15 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition or results from operations. Management’s evaluations regarding the events and conditions that raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern are discussed in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Offering Circular.

The FASB has issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. Public business entities are required to apply the amendments in ASU 2016-02 for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted for all public business entities and all nonpublic business entities upon issuance. The Company has not yet determined the effect of the adoption of this standard on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” This ASU makes targeted amendments to the accounting for employee share-based payments. This guidance is to be applied using various transition methods such as full retrospective, modified retrospective, and prospective based on the criteria for the specific amendments as outlined in the guidance. The guidance is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted, as long as all of the amendments are adopted in the same period. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of this guidance and assessing its impact on the Company’s financial statements and disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-03, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Contingent Put and Call Options in Debt Instruments,” which clarifies the requirements for assessing whether contingent call or put options that can accelerate the repayment of principal on debt instruments are clearly and closely related to their debt hosts. This guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not anticipate a material impact to its consolidated financial statements as a result of the adoption of this guidance.

We have implemented all other new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and that may impact our financial statements and we do not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of cash are our existing cash and cash equivalents balances, sourced primarily from the proceeds received in private placements of Common Stock, convertible promissory notes and notes payable discussed elsewhere in this Offering Circular. As of December 31, 2016, we had cash and cash equivalents of $938,000. We believed that our existing cash and cash equivalents would be sufficient to meet our working

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capital requirements until completion of this offering. As a precaution against our liquidity assumptions proving to be incorrect, on November 18, 2016, we borrowed $500,000 from an unaffiliated 3.8% shareholder which our Board of Directors authorized. The loan is for a period of one year, with an interest rate of 5% annually, with the principal and interest due at maturity. We intend to repay the note from the proceeds of this offering. However, due to delays encountered in the completion of this offering and to other working capital requirements, including the ongoing costs of this offering, our assumptions were incorrect, and in March 2017, we borrowed an additional $500,000 from the same shareholder. The new loan also matures on November 15, 2017 and bears interest at 5%. We also intend to repay this note from the proceeds of this offering. Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including those set forth in the section of this Offering Circular titled “Risk Factors.”

We believe that the net proceeds from this offering of approximately $18 million will be sufficient to fund our operations at least through the end of calendar year 2018. However, as stated previously, there can be no assurance we will successfully execute our business plan, and if we do not, we may need additional capital to continue our operations. We do not expect to be able to satisfy our cash requirements solely through sales in the near future, therefore we expect to rely on the equity funds from this offering to fund our operations. The sale of additional equity securities in the future could result in additional dilution to our stockholders and those securities may have rights senior to those of our Common Stock. The incurrence of additional indebtedness in the future would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure that such capital, if required, will be available on terms that are favorable to us or at all. We are currently incurring operating deficits that are expected to continue for the foreseeable future, and as we begin to execute our marketing plan, we expect our operating deficit will continue to grow initially until we begin to generate a sufficient level of revenue from our sales and marketing efforts.

Since our initial incorporation in 2012 as a Florida corporation, we have financed our operations and capital expenditures through issuing equity capital, convertible notes and notes payable. A significant portion of this funding has been provided by affiliated shareholders, although significant equity capital was also raised in late 2015, and the majority of the convertible notes outstanding was also raised in 2015 from non-affiliated third parties, as discussed below and in Note 6 to the audited financial statements contained in this document.

Note Financings

As of December 31, 2016, the Company had borrowed $645,000 from Acaccia Family Trust and other parties by issuing notes convertible into Common Stock at prices ranging from $0.10 per share to $.50 per share. On January 30, 2017, the notes plus accrued interest, a total of $725,584, were converted into 6,868,578 shares of Common Stock. As of December 31, 2016, we also had outstanding a total of $4,255,325 of secured promissory notes, net of $884,700 of these secured notes that were exchanged for 884,700 shares of Common Stock on September 1, 2016. In December, 2016, we borrowed an additional $500,000 from a third party pursuant to a secured promissory note, and immediately made a $500,000 loan to another third party who operates in the zero-emissions drivetrain technology industry. All notes referenced in this paragraph will mature in 2017 and 2018. See Note 6 to the audited financial statements contained in this document.

Equity Financings

In a series of closings dated in fiscal years ended 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016, the Company sold an aggregate of 58,542,350, shares of Common Stock to certain of its officers, directors and other related parties for an aggregate purchase price of $5,270,860.

Options to Purchase Common Stock

As of March 10, 2017, we had granted 30,375,000 options to purchase Common Stock, exercisable at an exercise price of $0.10 per share. As of February 28, 2017, 19,440,411 of those options have vested and are

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exercisable. If all the vested options to purchase Common Stock were exercised, we would receive proceeds approximating $1,944,041 and we would be required to issue 19,440,411 shares of Common Stock. There can be no assurance, however, that any such options will be exercised.

Warrants to Purchase Common Stock

During 2015, the Company issued two year secured promissory notes to third party lenders in an aggregate principal amount of $5,147,525 (the “Note Financing”). $7,500 of the notes were repaid in January, 2016. The secured promissory notes are due on various dates between January 31 and November 30, 2017 unless extended by the Company at its option for an additional six months. The notes bear interest at an annual rate of 9%, payable monthly in arrears. The note obligations are secured by a lien on all assets of the Company. On September 1, 2016, holders of $884,700 of principal amount of the notes exchanged their notes for 884,700 shares of Common Stock, thereby reducing the amount outstanding of the notes to $4,255,325.

In connection with the Note Financing, the Company agreed in 2015 to issue a warrant to a third party to purchase 1,250,000 shares of Common Stock at $4.00 per share through September 1, 2021. The warrant was issued September 1, 2016.

The Company may repay its secured promissory notes from proceeds from the Offering; or from any cash exercise of the warrant prior to maturity of the secured promissory notes. The Company may also elect to extend the maturity of the notes indefinitely, and the noteholders have indicated a willingness to do so. The Company has already extended the maturity dates of those notes that matured in January, February and March 2017 and of those notes that will mature in April 2017.

Credit Facilities

We do not have any credit facilities or other access to bank credit. If, however, we elect to repay the secured promissory notes at maturity, or believe that making an acquisition is appropriate, or see that sales of product are more rapidly using working capital than anticipated, we may seek to obtain a credit facility to address these issues.

Capital Expenditures

We do not have any contractual obligations for ongoing capital expenditures at this time. We do, however, purchase equipment necessary to conduct our operations on an as needed basis.

Going Concern

As of December 31, 2016, we had a working capital deficit of $3.4 million and a stockholders’ deficiency of approximately $2.7 million. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we incurred a net loss attributable to common stockholders of approximately $10.7 million. We have not generated any material revenues and have incurred net losses since inception. Our recurring operating losses and our need for additional sources of capital to fund our ongoing operations raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. As a result, our independent registered public accounting firm included an explanatory paragraph in its report on our financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 with respect to this uncertainty.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

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Plan of Operations

By executing on the business plan described earlier, we expect to generate approximately $70 million in consolidated revenue, including approximately $9 million from operations of ADOMANI China, in 2017 following the successful completion of this offering. We anticipate that gross profit from those sales will be approximately $18.6 million, including $2.5 million from China. We expect that net income, excluding any adjustment for stock-based compensation, which we have not projected, will be approximately $7.2 million, of which $535,000 will come from China. In the Company’s opinion, the proceeds from the offering will satisfy its cash requirements for and beyond the ensuing twelve months.

Historically, we have primarily focused on and engaged in research and development and product testing. As such, our strategy to implement our business plan depends upon unknown variables, including completion of this offering and the total amount raised. Key assumptions underlying the estimates in the preceding paragraph for the remainder of 2017 U.S. operations following the successful completion of this offering are that we sell approximately 120 new vehicles (including school buses, transit buses, class 4-6 trucks and shuttle buses) and perform 82 conversions of vehicles from gas/diesel to all electric. We also assume we will receive carbon credit funds of approximately $3.9 million from various government programs, which we treat as revenue. We assume we will sell 66 conversion kits in China, including batteries, primarily to manufacturers of electric trucks. Our assumptions are based on our knowledge of and experience with the U.S. markets and industries in which we expect to sell our products. Similarly, our assumptions regarding sales in China are based on the knowledge and experience in China, augmented by input from resources within China and from consulting firms with extensive experience in China.

Based on the above assumptions, we anticipate the need to hire and train 8 in-house sales staff and managers in addition to the contract sales people we intend to use. This may cost approximately $766,000 in the U.S., plus related commissions and bonuses. We plan to utilize our developing dealership networks to provide services for our zero-emission replacement drivetrain vehicles and new purpose-built zero-emission electric and hybrid commercial vehicles through such dealership networks by entering into agreements. Further, we plan to commit approximately $1.0 million to marketing efforts in the U.S. and $104,000 in China. These efforts will include providing demonstrations in areas likely to show interest in our product offerings. We plan to continue to seek approvals from incentive programs. We anticipate the need to lease larger facilities in both the U.S. and in China based on the assumptions in the preceding paragraph which we anticipate will cost $191,250 and $15,000, respectively, over the next 12 months. Finally, we plan to continue our research and development activities to identify new product offerings and develop our international business. We anticipate these costs will be approximately $242,000 for our research and development activities in the U.S., and approximately $112,000 for our international development based on future projections.

Net of a provision for warranty costs, we assume a gross profit percentage on U.S. sales of 26.7% and 27.5% on China sales. We further assume that general and administrative, consulting and research and development costs collectively will be 14.9% of revenue in the United States and 18.8% in China, with the largest component being salaries, bonuses commissions and related benefit and recruiting costs: 10.2% of sales in the United States and 10.9% in China. We also assume for the projected operating results the current U.S. debt will be repaid from the proceeds of this offering, so interest expense will be eliminated. Because of the utilization of existing loss carryforwards in the United States, we have assumed there will be no income tax expense in the United States in this initial period, so the projected net income is 10.9% of net sales. In China, we have no debt, but have assumed an income tax liability that is 2.0% of sales, leaving projected net income of 6.0% of sales.

Based on the projected results described above, in the Company’s opinion, the proceeds from the offering will satisfy its cash requirements for and beyond the ensuing twelve months.

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Trend Information

As discussed extensively above under Risk Factors and Description of Business, the Company has generated very little revenue to date and has many challenges to successfully generating revenue in the future., Assuming we can execute our business plan successfully, we plan to generate revenue and profit in the twelve months immediately following the successful completion of this offering, and beyond. We have no historical results to provide a basis for our revenue projections other than our management’s knowledge of and experience in our industry and our belief in our product offerings and in our strategies to take advantage of the market opportunities we believe are available to us. We believe that our expenses will increase as our sales volume increases, but we also expect to realize certain economies of scale in the production process attributable to more production experience and refinements, as well as higher purchase volumes, creating cost savings for us that will partially offset other marketing, sales and administrative cost increases. We believe the proceeds of this offering will be sufficient to fund our future expanded operations, including international expansion. We may experience, however, quarterly fluctuations in our operating results due to a number of factors discussed elsewhere in this Offering Circular.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. We do not currently face material market risks such as interest rate fluctuation risk and foreign currency exchange risk. Our cash and cash equivalents include cash in readily available checking and money market accounts. These investments are not dependent on interest rate fluctuations that may cause the principal amount of these investments to fluctuate, and we do not expect such fluctuation will have a material impact on our financial conditions. If we issue additional debt in the future, we will be subject to interest rate risk. The majority of our expenses are denominated in the U.S. dollar.

As we continue our commercialization efforts internationally, we may generate revenue and incur expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, a majority of which we expect to be denominated in Chinese Yuan. As a result, as operations of ADOMANI China expand in the future, our revenue may be significantly impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We may face risks associated with the costs of raw materials, primarily batteries, as we go into production. To the extent these and other risks materialize, they could have a material effect on our operating results or financial condition. We currently anticipate that our international selling, marketing and administrative costs related to foreign sales will be largely denominated in the same foreign currency, which may mitigate our foreign currency exchange risk exposure.

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DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND SIGNIFICANT EMPLOYEES

The following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers and directors:

All of our executive officers and significant employees work full-time for us unless otherwise disclosed in this Offering Circular. There are no family relationships between any director, executive officer or significant employee. During the past five years, none of the persons identified above has been involved in any bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding or convicted in a criminal proceeding, excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses.

Executive Officers and Directors

James L. Reynolds has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer and a Director since September 2014 and a Director since July 2014. Mr. Reynolds was elected to Chairman of our Board in July, 2016. Prior to ADOMANI, he served in various executive roles at A-Z Bus Sales most recently as Chief Executive Officer from March 2010 until June 2014 and President from June 2006 until August 2013. Prior to his senior executive positions, Mr. Reynolds also held positions of Vice-President and General Manager and Vice-President of New Bus Sales. Prior to his tenure at A-Z Bus Sales, he was the Regional Manager of Tyco Corporation and managed direct sales. Mr. Reynolds holds a B.A. in Business Administration from Pepperdine University.

Kevin G. Kanning has served as our Chief Operating Officer, Secretary and as a Director since November 2012. Previously, Mr. Kanning served as Chief Operating Officer of Greentech Mining, Inc., a technology company focused on sustainable mining practices and precious metal recovery. He has also held a variety of positions over the last 26 years with real estate and technology related businesses and private corporations including Seville Properties, RE/MAX Valley Properties, Realty World-Galley One, Voelker Sensors, Inc., Cryotherm USA, Inc., Greentech Mining Ventures, Inc., and Klever Technologies, Inc. Mr. Kanning has held a broker’s license with the California Bureau of Real Estate since 1990 and has participated in both residential and commercial real estate sales/leasing, sales team recruitment/training and office management. Mr. Kanning earned a degree in Business Administration from the Haas School of Business, University of California Berkeley.

Edward R. Monfort, our Founder, has served as our Chief Technology Officer since September 2014 and as a Director since our inception in August 2012 and served as our Chairman until 2016. From our inception in August 2012 to September 2014, Mr. Monfort served as our President and Chief Executive Officer. From 2010 until forming ADOMANI in 2012, he was President of Cryotherm. From 2005 to 2009, Mr. Monfort designed and developed the Ronaele Mustang. From 1999 to 2005 Mr. Monfort developed and patented the COLDfire

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thermal cycling machine and the COLDfire programs and process. From 1997 to 1999 Mr. Monfort was employed by Watlow Corp, where he assisted with prototype development and engineering projects for major U.S. companies who were Watlow Corp customers. Mr. Monfort holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance from Western Carolina University.

Michael K. Menerey has served as our Chief Financial Officer since March 2016 and a Director since January 2017. Mr. Menerey is an inactive partner with CFO Edge LLC; in that capacity he provided interim and project-related services to various entities as a Chief Financial Officer. Prior to ADOMANI and to CFO Edge, Mr. Menerey was employed by Mapleton Investments, LLC from early 2000 through 2010; initially as Executive Vice president, and then as President and Chief Operating Officer from 2005 through 2010. Mr. Menerey served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of Falcon Communications and its predecessors from mid-1984 until the company sold in November, 1999. Mr. Menerey is a Certified Public Accountant, and received his undergraduate degree in Business Administration from the University of Michigan.

Robert E. Williams has served as our Vice President and a Director since November 2012. Prior to joining ADOMANI, he served from 1991 through May 2015 as Senior Production Manager and Key Account Manager for Event Beverage Catering and continues to consult for them periodically. From 1984 through 2000, Mr. Williams served as Operations Manager and was a partner in STARD, Inc.

Gary W. Nettles - Director Nominee. Mr. Nettles has agreed to join our board of directors immediately prior to the closing of this offering. Mr. Nettles serves as the Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Director of Allen Tel Products, Inc., a non-public supplier and manufacturer of data and telecommunication components. From 1987 to 2003, Mr. Nettles was a certified public accountant and president of Guchereau & Nettles, an accounting firm. In 1996, Mr. Nettles was elected to the Board of Directors of Cost-U-Less, Inc., an international operator of mid-sized warehouse club-style stores), where he served in various capacities until the company was sold in 2007, including as Chairman of the Audit Committee and as a member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Compensation Committee. Mr. Nettles received his Bachelor of Science degree, Magna Cum Laude, from the United States International University, San Diego California.

Janet Boydell – Director Nominee. Ms. Boydell has agreed to join our board of directors immediately prior to the closing of this offering. Ms. Boydell is currently a Vice President for The Code Group, Inc., a staffing agency. Previously, from 2006 to 2015, Ms. Boydell served as CEO of A Hire Connection, Inc., a professional services firm providing strategic management consulting and retained executive search services for C-Level functions. Ms. Boydell was an Assistant Controller in the field of investment banking. Ms. Boydell graduated from Cal Poly Pomona where she received a BSBA.

John F. Perkowski - Director Nominee. Mr. Perkowski has agreed to join our Board of Directors immediately prior to the closing of this offering. Mr. Perkowski is the founder and managing partner of JFP Holdings, a merchant bank focused primarily on transactions in China. From 1994 through 2008, Mr. Perkowski served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer,of ASIMCO Technologies, a supplier and manufacturer of automotive components. From 1973 to 1993, Mr. Perkowski held various positions with PaineWebber. Mr. Perkowski serves on numerous boards of directors, including the China Advisory Council of Magna International, Inc. and Transmetrics, Inc, a European logistics software firm. Mr. Perkowski received his Bachelor of Science degree, from Yale, and his Masters degree in Business Administration from Harvard Business School.

Board Composition

Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our board of directors. The number of directors will be fixed by our board of directors, subject to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws which will become effective immediately prior to the completion of this offering.

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Upon completion of this offering, our board of directors will be divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms as follows:

The authorized number of directors may be changed only by resolution of our board of directors. This classification of our board of directors into three classes with staggered three-year terms may have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in our control of our company or management.

Director Independence

Our board of directors has undertaken a review of the independence of each director. Based on information provided by each director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, our board of directors has determined that Messrs. Nettles and Perkowski and Ms. Boydell do not have a material relationship with us that could compromise his or her ability to exercise independent judgment in carrying out his or responsibilities and that each of these directors is “independent” as that term is defined under the listing standards of NASDAQ.

Board Leadership Structure and Board’s Role in Risk Oversight

Our board of directors has a Chairman, Mr. James L. Reynolds. The Chairman has authority, among other things, to preside over board of directors meetings and set the agenda for board of directors meetings. Accordingly, the Chairman has substantial ability to shape the work of our board of directors. Because of the addition of our independent board members, we currently believe that separation of the roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer is not necessary to ensure appropriate oversight by the board of directors of our business and affairs. However, no single leadership model is right for all companies and at all times. The board of directors recognizes that depending on the circumstances, other leadership models, such as the appointment of a lead independent director, might be appropriate. Accordingly, the board of directors may periodically review its leadership structure. In addition, following the completion of the offering, the board of directors will hold executive sessions in which only independent directors are present.

Our board of directors is generally responsible for the oversight of corporate risk in its review and deliberations relating to our activities. Our principal source of risk falls into two categories, financial and product commercialization. The audit committee will oversee management of financial risks; our board of directors regularly reviews information regarding our cash position, liquidity and operations, as well as the risks associated with each. The board of directors regularly reviews plans, results and potential risks related to our product development, commercialization efforts and clinical trial progress. Our Compensation Committee is expected to oversee risk management as it relates to our compensation plans, policies and practices for all employees including executives and directors, particularly whether our compensation programs may create incentives for our employees to take excessive or inappropriate risks which could have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Board Committees

Immediately prior to the closing of this offering, our board of directors will establish three standing committees —audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance —each of which will operate under a charter that has been approved by our board of directors. We intend to appoint persons to the board of directors and committees of the board of directors as required meeting the corporate governance requirements of a national securities exchange.

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Audit Committee

Immediately prior to the closing of this offering, we will appoint three members of our board of directors to the audit committee, one of whom will qualify as an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of SEC regulations and the NASDAQ Listing Rules. In making a determination on which member will qualify as a financial expert, our board of directors expects to consider the formal education and nature and scope of such members’ previous experience.

Upon the completion of this offering, our audit committee will be responsible for, among other things:

Compensation Committee

Immediately prior to the closing of this offering, we will appoint two members of our board of directors to the compensation committee. Our compensation committee will assist our board of directors in the discharge of its responsibilities relating to the compensation of our executive officers.

Upon the completion of this offering, our compensation committee will be responsible for, among other things:

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In carrying out these responsibilities, the compensation committee will review all components of executive compensation for consistency with our compensation philosophy and with the interests of our stockholders.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

Immediately after the closing of this offering, we will appoint at least two members of our board of directors to the nominating and corporate governance committee.

Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics, which outlines the principles of legal and ethical business conduct under which we do business. The code is applicable to all of our directors, officers and employees and will be available on our corporate website following the completion of the offering. We intend to disclose any amendments to our code of business conduct and ethics, or waivers of its requirements, on our website or in filings under the Exchange Act to the extent required by applicable rules and exchange requirements.

EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

Overview

The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on our current plans, considerations, expectations, and determinations regarding future compensation programs. The actual amount and form of compensation and the compensation policies and practices that we adopt in the future may differ materially from currently planned programs as summarized below.

As an emerging growth company, we have opted to comply with the executive compensation disclosure rules applicable to “smaller reporting companies,” as such term is defined in the rules promulgated under the Securities Act. The compensation provided to our named executive officers for 2015 and 2014 is detailed in the Summary Compensation Table and accompanying footnotes and narrative that follows this section.

Our named executive officers in 2016 and 2015 were:

The following table sets forth information about the annual compensation of each of our three highest paid persons who were executive officers or directors during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016 and

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December 31, 2015. Individuals we refer to as our “named executive officers” include our Chief Executive Officer and most highly compensated executive officers whose salary and bonus for services rendered in all capacities exceeded $100,000 during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.

Our directors consisted of our executive officers and Robert E. Williams, our Vice President of Procurement, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2016. Our directors did not receive additional compensation as a director during these time periods.

Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table

James L. Reynolds

Mr. Reynolds is our president, Chief Executive Officer and a director. In September 2014, Mr. Reynolds’ base salary was established at $240,000 per annum, per the terms of his employment agreement, which also stipulated that he would not receive a salary until December 1, 2014. In addition to his base salary, Mr. Reynolds is entitled to receive a bonus of up to five percent of our net profits and he was granted an option to purchase 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.10 per share. During 2015, as part of its compensation strategy, we issued 500,000 shares of our Common Stock with a fair value of $500,000 to Mr. Reynolds in exchange for cash of $1,000. As the shares were fully vested at the issuance date, the Company immediately recognized stock based compensation of $499,000. The 5,000,000 shares purchased by Mr. Reynolds from the shareholder required the Company to recognize $4,990,000 stock-based compensation. Please see Footnote 8 to the financial statements elsewhere in this document for additional information. Mr. Reynolds’ employment agreement is for a five-year term and the Company cannot terminate his employment thereunder at any time without cause, as defined therein. If Mr. Reynold’s employment with us ceases due to his death, then his unvested stock options will fully vest upon the date of death.

Edward R. Monfort

Mr. Monfort is our Chief technology Officer and a director. Pursuant to an employment agreement entered into in September 2014 (the “2014 Employment Agreement”), Mr. Monfort’s base salary was set at $240,000 per annum. Per the terms of the 2014 Employment Agreement, he received a portion of his salary until February 2016, when he began receiving the full amount. In June 2016, Mr. Monfort entered into an employment agreement superseding the 2014 Employment Agreement and his salary was reduced to $120,000 per annum effective June 1, 2016. In 2014, Mr. Monfort was granted options to purchase 3,000,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price per share of $0.10, after giving effect to the termination of our 2012 Preferred Option Plan as discussed elsewhere in this Offering Circular. In 2012, Mr. Monfort was granted options to purchase 12,000,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.10 per share. Additionally, we pay up to $7,000 per month for invoiced expenses relating to research and development to ELO, LLC which is owned by Mr. Monfort.

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Kevin Kanning

Mr. Kanning was our Chief Operating Officer until March 1, 2017, when he became our VP Business Development and Investor Relations, and is a director. We do not currently have a written employment agreement with Mr. Kanning. His base salary will be determined by our board of directors based upon such factors as it deems appropriate and is currently $128,070 per annum. In 2012, Mr. Kanning was granted options to purchase 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.10 per share. Mr. Kanning was also granted options to purchase 500,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.10 per share in 2014.

Michael K. Menerey

Mr. Menerey is our Chief Financial Officer and a director. We entered into a written employment agreement with Mr. Menerey effective January 1, 2017. Before that time, Mr. Menerey was a consultant with CFO Edge and we paid his base salary plus fees incurred with the preparation of this offering statement to CFO Edge.

Robert E. Williams

Mr. Williams is our Vice President of Procurement and a director. We do not currently have a written employment agreement with Mr. Williams. His base salary will be determined by our board of directors based upon such factors as it deems appropriate and is currently $74,865 per annum.

Outstanding Equity Awards as of March 29, 2017

The following table sets forth information regarding outstanding stock options held by our named executive officers as of March 29, 2017. Our named executive officers did not hold any restricted stock or other awards as of March 29, 2017.