You are cordially invited to attend the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Turning Point Brands, Inc. (the “Company”) on Wednesday, May 1, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. eastern daylight time. The Annual Meeting will be a virtual meeting conducted solely online via live webcast. We believe a virtual meeting will enable increased stockholder attendance and participation since stockholders can participate from any location around the world. This means that you will be able to participate, ask questions and vote during the Annual Meeting via live webcast by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TPB2024, and entering the 16-digit control number, located on your proxy card. You will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting in person.

The official Notice of Annual Meeting, Proxy Statement and Proxy Card are enclosed with this letter.

Your vote is very important to the Board of Directors. Please take the time to carefully read each of the proposals for stockholder action described in the accompanying proxy materials. Whether or not you plan to virtually attend, you can ensure that your shares are represented at the meeting by promptly completing, signing and dating your proxy card and returning it in the enclosed postage-paid envelope. Stockholders of record can also vote by touch-tone telephone from the United States, using the toll-free number on the proxy card, or by the Internet, using the instructions on the proxy card. If you attend the meeting, you may revoke your proxy and vote your shares virtually at the meeting.

Directors, officers and other representatives of the Company will be available at the virtual Annual Meeting, and they will be pleased to answer any questions you may have that comply with Annual Meeting rules of conduct.

Your interest and participation in the affairs of the Company are greatly appreciated. Thank you for your continued support.

The Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of Turning Point Brands, Inc. (the “Company”) will be a virtual meeting conducted solely online via live webcast on Wednesday, May 1, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. eastern daylight time.

At the Annual Meeting you will be asked to:

A Proxy Statement describing matters to be considered at the Annual Meeting is attached to this notice. Only stockholders of record at the close of business on March 8, 2024 are entitled to receive notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting.

WHETHER OR NOT YOU EXPECT TO BE PRESENT AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, PLEASE SUBMIT YOUR VOTE USING ONE OF THE VOTING METHODS DESCRIBED IN THE ATTACHED MATERIALS. IF YOU ATTEND THE ANNUAL MEETING, YOU MAY REVOKE YOUR PROXY AND VOTE YOUR SHARES VIRTUALLY AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, FOLLOWING THE INSTRUCTIONS HEREIN.

IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR THE 2024 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS TO BE HELD ON MAY 1, 2024: Our Proxy Statement related to our 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, including the Notice of Annual Meeting, and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended on December 31, 2023 are available on our website at www.turningpointbrands.com under the heading “SEC Filings” in the “Financials” tab of the Investor Relations section.

The Annual Meeting will be a completely virtual meeting of stockholders conducted exclusively by a live webcast. Stockholders may access the meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TPB2024, and entering the 16-digit control number, located on your proxy card. The Annual Meeting will begin promptly at 11:00 a.m. eastern daylight time. We encourage you to access the meeting prior to the start time.

You may submit a question at the Annual Meeting by following the instructions on the virtual meeting website or using the ASK A QUESTION box to submit your question(s) at any point during the virtual Annual Meeting (until the floor is closed to questions). We will endeavor to answer as many stockholder-submitted questions as time permits that comply with the Annual Meeting rules of conduct which will be made available prior to the meeting as well as will be available virtually at

This proxy statement and the accompanying proxy card are being furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the board of directors (the “Board”) of Turning Point Brands, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), to be voted at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) and any adjournments thereof. In this proxy statement, references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Turning Point Brands, Inc.

The Notice of Annual Meeting and accompanying Proxy Statement and Form of Proxy are first being sent or given to all stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting on or about March 22, 2024. This Proxy Statement and the enclosed Form of Proxy, the Notice of Annual Meeting, and the Company’s 2023 Annual Report are available on the Internet at https://www.turningpointbrands.com/investor-relations/financials/annual-meeting, on the Annual Meeting website.

The Annual Meeting will be held as a virtual meeting conducted solely online via live webcast on Wednesday, May 1, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. eastern daylight time. You can attend the meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TPB2024, and entering the 16-digit control number, located on your proxy card.

The affirmative vote of a plurality of the votes cast by the holders of the Company’s common stock present virtually or represented by proxy is required to elect each nominee. Election by a plurality means that the director nominee with the most votes for the available slot is elected for that slot. You may vote “FOR” each nominee or you may “WITHHOLD AUTHORITY” to vote for each nominee. Unless you “WITHHOLD AUTHORITY” to vote for a nominee, your proxy will be voted “FOR” the election of the individuals nominated as directors. A vote to “WITHHOLD AUTHORITY” will have no effect with respect to the election of directors. This matter is considered non-routine and therefore a broker non-vote will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal.

The Board recommends that you vote “FOR” each of the director nominees.

The proposal to ratify the appointment of RSM US LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024 will be approved if more shares are cast “FOR” ratification than are cast “AGAINST” ratification. You may vote “FOR” or “AGAINST” ratification, or you may “ABSTAIN” from voting on this proposal. Abstentions and broker non-votes will be counted towards the Annual Meeting quorum requirement. A vote to “ABSTAIN,” although counted for purposes of determining whether there is a quorum, will not be voted, and accordingly, a vote to “ABSTAIN” will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal. This matter is considered routine and therefore brokers, dealers and nominees will have discretion to vote, even if you do not provide voting instructions.

The Board recommends that you vote “FOR” the ratification of the appointment of the Company's independent registered public accounting firm.

We are providing stockholders with the opportunity to vote to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed in this proxy statement, in accordance with Section 14A of the Exchange Act. The proposal to approve named executive officer compensation will be approved if more shares are cast “FOR” approval than are cast “AGAINST” approval. You may vote “FOR” or “AGAINST” approval, or you may “ABSTAIN” from voting on this proposal. Abstentions will be counted towards the Annual Meeting quorum requirement, but broker non-votes will not. A vote to “ABSTAIN,” although counted for purposes of determining whether there is a quorum, will not be voted, and accordingly, a vote to “ABSTAIN” will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal. This matter is considered non-routine and therefore a broker non-vote will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal.

The Board recommends that you vote “FOR” the approval of the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers, as disclosed in this proxy statement.

The following table summarizes the minimum vote needed to approve each proposal and the effect of broker non-votes.

As of the date of this proxy statement, the Board knows of no matters that will be presented for consideration at the Annual Meeting other than those matters discussed in this proxy statement. If any other matters should properly come before the Annual Meeting and call for a vote of stockholders, validly executed proxies in the enclosed form returned to us will be voted in accordance with the recommendation of the Board, or, in the absence of such a recommendation, in accordance with the judgment of the proxy holders on such matters. Any such additional matter will be approved if more shares present (virtually or by proxy) and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting are voted in favor of such matter than are voted against such matter unless a different standard is required under law or the rules of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”).

The Board has fixed the record date (the “Record Date”) for the Annual Meeting as the close of business on March 8, 2024. Only stockholders of record at the close of business on the Record Date will be entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting and at any adjournment or postponement thereof. At the close of business on the Record Date, there were 17,676,731 shares of common stock outstanding, each of which is entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be considered at the Annual Meeting.

The presence virtually or by proxy of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock entitled to vote will constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting. Therefore, a quorum will be present if 8,838,365 shares of our common stock are present in person or represented by executed proxies timely received by us at the Annual Meeting. Shares of common stock represented by properly executed proxies received before the close of voting at the Annual Meeting will be voted as directed by such stockholders, unless revoked as described below.

The entire cost of soliciting proxies on behalf of the Board will be borne by us. In addition to solicitation by mail, proxies may be solicited personally, by telephone or other means by our directors, officers or employees, who receive no additional compensation for these solicitation activities. We will, upon request, reimburse brokerage houses and persons holding common stock in the names of their nominees for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in sending materials to their principals.

Certain banks, brokers, broker-dealers and other similar organizations acting as nominee record holders may be participating in the practice of “householding.” This means that only one copy of this proxy statement may have been sent to multiple stockholders in your household. If you would prefer to receive separate copies of this proxy statement for each stockholder in your household, please contact your bank, broker, broker-dealer or other similar organization serving as your nominee.

Upon request to the General Counsel and Corporate Secretary at the address of 5201 Interchange Way, Louisville, Kentucky 40229, or via telephone at 1-502-774-9238, the Company will promptly provide separate copies of this proxy statement. Company stockholders sharing an address who are receiving multiple copies of this proxy statement and who wish to receive a single copy of these materials in the future will need to contact their bank, broker, broker-dealer or other similar organization serving as their nominee to request that only a single copy of each document be mailed to all stockholders at the shared address in the future.

If you are a stockholder and your shares are registered directly in your name with our stock transfer agent, EQ Shareowner Services, you are considered the “stockholder of record” of those shares. If you are a stockholder of record, you can give a proxy to be voted at the Annual Meeting:

» over the telephone by calling a toll-free number (1-800-690-6903);

» online (www.proxyvote.com); or

» by completing, signing, dating, and mailing the enclosed proxy card in the envelope provided.

Even if you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, we encourage you to submit a proxy and vote prior to the Annual Meeting. If you do give a proxy, we must receive it by 11:59 p.m., eastern daylight time, on April 30, 2024, or your vote will not be recorded. If you prefer, you may instead vote virtually at the meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TPB2024, and entering the 16-digit control number, located on your proxy card.

The telephone and online voting procedures have been set up for your convenience and are designed to authenticate your identity, enable you to give voting instructions, and confirm that those instructions are recorded properly. If you are a stockholder of record and you would like to vote by telephone or online, please refer to the instructions set forth on the enclosed proxy card.

By giving your proxy, you authorize the individuals named on the proxy card to vote your shares in accordance with your instructions. These individuals will also have the authority to vote your shares as they see fit on any other matter properly presented for a vote at the Annual Meeting. If for any reason a director nominee is not available to serve, the individuals named as proxy holders may vote your shares at the Annual Meeting for another nominee. The proxy holders for this year’s Annual Meeting are Brittani N. Cushman and Brian Wigginton.

If you are a stockholder of record and you sign and return your proxy card (or give your proxy by telephone or online) without specifying how you want your shares to be voted with respect to any of the three proposals, our proxy holders will vote your shares “FOR” the election of each of the nominees to the Board, “FOR” the ratification of the appointment of RSM US LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, and “FOR” the approval of the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers. With respect to any other matter that properly comes before the Annual Meeting, the proxy holders will vote your shares as recommended by the Board or, if no recommendation is given, using their own discretion.

If your shares are held in a stock brokerage account or by a bank (known as holding shares in “street name”), you have the right to instruct your broker or bank how to vote your shares, and the broker or bank is required to vote in accordance with your instructions. To provide those instructions by mail, please complete, sign, date, and return your voting instruction card in the postage-paid envelope provided by your broker or bank. Alternatively, if the broker or bank that holds your shares offers online or telephone voting, you will receive information from your broker or bank about how to submit your voting instructions by those methods. You may also vote virtually at the Annual Meeting, but only if you obtain a “legal proxy” from the broker or bank that holds your shares. Your broker’s or bank’s deadline for receiving voting instructions from street holders may be earlier than the deadline applicable for record holders to return proxies to the Company.

If you are a street name stockholder and you do not instruct your broker or bank how to vote, your broker or bank is not permitted to vote your shares on non-routine matters (known as a “broker non-vote”) including the election of directors and the say-on-pay advisory vote. Broker non-votes will count for purposes of determining if a quorum is present but will have no effect on the outcome of the election of directors or the say-on-pay advisory vote. Your broker will, however, have discretionary authority to vote your shares on routine matters. The only routine matter presented at the Annual Meeting is the ratification of the appointment of RSM US LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024.

If you are a stockholder of record, you may change your vote by submitting another proxy by telephone or online, by mailing another properly signed proxy card bearing a later date than your original one, or by attending the Annual Meeting and casting your vote virtually. You also may revoke a proxy that you previously provided by delivering timely written notice of revocation of your proxy to our Corporate Secretary at 5201 Interchange Way, Louisville, Kentucky 40229.

If you hold your shares in street name and you wish to change or revoke your voting instructions, you will need to follow the instructions in the materials your broker or bank provided to you.

None of Delaware law (the state of incorporation of Turning Point Brands, Inc.), our certificate of incorporation, as amended, or our bylaws, as amended, provides for appraisal or other similar rights for dissenting stockholders in connection with any of the proposals to be voted upon at the Annual Meeting. Accordingly, our stockholders will have no right to dissent and obtain payment for their share(s).

In accordance with our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, the number of directors on the Board is determined from time to time by vote of the Board. Our Board is currently comprised of nine members.

In March 2024, after having served as a member of our Board for over a decade, Mr. Zimmerman informed the Board of his decision to complete his current term but not to stand for reelection. In recognition of his long service to our Board, his familiarity with our company and his participation in strategic planning and oversight, the Board has appointed Mr. Zimmerman as a Director Emeritus with the right, subject to law and other considerations, to attend Board and committee meetings in the future.

At the recommendation of our Board, the Nominating and ESG Committee nominated John A. Catsimatidis Jr. to stand for election as a director on our Board in Mr. Zimmerman’s place. Additionally, in March 2024, our former Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), Luis Reformina informed the Company of his decision to step down from his position with the Company. As part of this transition, the Board appointed Andrew Flynn to the role of Senior Vice President and CFO effective April 1, 2024.

David E. Glazek. David E. Glazek was appointed Executive Chairman of the Board in January 2023. Mr. Glazek has served as a director of the Company since November 2012, as our Lead Independent Director from January 2018 until September 2019, and as our non-executive Chairman from September 2019 until his appointment as Executive Chairman. Mr. Glazek has over fifteen years of experience investing in distressed, special situations and private credit strategies, including as a Partner and Portfolio Manager of Standard General L.P., from 2008 to 2023, and an investment banker at Lazard Frères & Co. from 2000 to 2003 and from 2006 to 2008. He has also worked at the Blackstone Group. He currently serves as a Director of National CineMedia, Inc. (NASDAQ: NCMI), and as a Director of Workers Benefits Consortium, Inc. Throughout his career he has served on numerous public and private company boards of directors. Mr. Glazek is also an Adjunct Professor at Columbia Business School. Mr. Glazek holds a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Michigan and a J.D. from Columbia Law School.

We believe Mr. Glazek is well-qualified to continue to serve as a director because of his significant finance, operations, legal, and public company director experience as well as his history of working with consumer facing companies in a variety of industries.

Graham A. Purdy. Graham A. Purdy was appointed Chief Executive Officer in October of 2022. Prior to his appointment as CEO, Mr. Purdy served as Chief Operating Officer from 2019 until his appointment to Chief Executive Officer. Since joining the Company in 2004, Mr. Purdy has held various leadership positions, including President of the New Ventures Division and Senior Vice President Sales. During his tenure, Mr. Purdy oversaw two of the Company’s highly successful brand extensions, rolling out Zig-Zag Cigar Wraps and Stoker’s MST. In addition, he built a highly effective sales organization driven by an industry-leading performance management system, strategically positioned a number of highly successful new products, and led the integration of many of the Company’s most important strategic initiatives. Before joining the Company, Mr. Purdy spent seven years at Philip Morris, USA, where he served in senior sales and sales management positions. Mr. Purdy holds an A.B. from California State University, Chico.

We believe Mr. Purdy is well-qualified to continue to serve as a director of the Company because of his nearly 20 years with the Company, primarily in leadership roles. In addition, as former Chief Operating Officer, Mr. Purdy provides valuable insight to the Board on our strategic direction. Mr. Purdy also has relevant industry experience, having previously held a position in sales at a large tobacco company, which provides the Board with additional valuable insight into the industry, in general, and the Company, in particular.

Gregory H. A. Baxter. Gregory H. A. Baxter has served as a director of the Company since April 2006. In 2015, Mr. Baxter was elected as a director of Standard Diversified Inc. (“SDI”) and served as Executive Chairman of the Board and Interim Chief Executive Officer of SDI until 2020. Mr. Baxter has been an independent corporate finance consultant primarily for middle-market corporations and closely-held businesses since 2005. Previously, from 2003 to 2005, he was Managing Director and Head, Hedge Fund Sales and Marketing at Diaz & Altschul Capital Management, where his primary focus was bringing its investment

products to prospective corporate and institutional clients. He was also a member of the Investment Committee. Immediately before joining Diaz & Altschul, he was Managing Director and Head of the Generalist/Cross-Border Mergers & Acquisitions team at SG Cowen Securities Corporation, the U.S. investment bank of French bank, Société Générale from 2000 to 2002. There, he re-established the cross-border effort and worked globally in industries such as food, retail, consumer products, transportation and oil and gas. He was also a member of the SG Cowen Fairness Opinion Review Committee. Before SG Cowen, he was at Rothschild Inc., the family-owned global investment bank, for almost six years, from 1994 to 2000, where he specialized in advising on industrial/engineering companies, including automotive, domestic and cross-border mergers, acquisitions and divestitures. He was also a founding member of SW Capital, an M&A boutique that specialized in middle-market transactions for Fortune 500 companies. Before that, he was a Vice President of Irving Trust Company’s Corporate Financial Counseling Department, providing M&A and other corporate finance advice to the bank’s clients. Mr. Baxter holds a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Victoria in Canada and a Master of Business Administration from the Ivey Business School in London, Canada.

We believe Mr. Baxter is well-qualified to continue to serve as a director of the Company because of his significant experience as a financial consultant and his experience with corporate investments, mergers and acquisitions in a variety of industries.

H. C. Charles Diao. H. C. Charles Diao has served as a director of the Company since November 2012. Mr. Diao is currently SVP Finance and Corporate Treasurer at Bally’s Corporation with responsibilities for global treasury operations, corporate finance and capital markets, tax, and risk management/insurance. Mr. Diao is also a member of the multidisciplinary executive leadership team overseeing cybersecurity and ransomware preparedness, along with other risk management initiatives, for Bally’s. From July 2021 until June 2023, Mr. Diao was Managing Director at Diao & Co. LLC (“Diao & Co.”), where he provided financial advisory services to corporate clients. Until July 2021, Mr. Diao served as Senior Vice President of Finance, Corporate Development and Corporate Treasurer of DXC Technology Company (“DXC”), a global IT solutions and managed service provider, which focuses on ensuring security and scalability across enterprise cloud systems. He previously served as Vice President and Corporate Treasurer of DXC’s predecessor, Computer Science Corp since 2012, with responsibility for and management of global treasury operations, corporate finance and capital markets, corporate development and M&A, pension plans and risk management/insurance. From 2008 to 2012, Mr. Diao was Managing Director and founder of Diao & Co., and the Chief Investment Officer of Diao Capital Management LLC, an affiliate that managed alternative investments on behalf of institutional family offices. Until 2008, Mr. Diao was a Senior Managing Director at Bear Stearns where he was the Group Head for Special Situations Credit, a partner within the firm’s TMT investment banking practice and a member of the firm’s Investment Banking Committee and IPO Committee. Mr. Diao currently serves on the board of directors of Griffon Corporation, and also on the board of directors of Synechron Holdings, Inc., including the role of Chairman of the Nomination, Governance, and ESG Committee at Synechron. Mr. Diao served as a member of the board of directors of Media General Inc. (NYSE: MEG), the successor via merger to New Young Broadcasting Holdings Inc., from 2012 until 2017. He was Chairman of its Nominating and Governance Committee and a member of its Audit and Finance Committees. He holds a B.S.E. from Princeton University and a Master of Business Administration from Harvard Business School.

We believe Mr. Diao is well-qualified to continue to serve as a director of the Company because of his prior directorships and senior management experience, as well as his corporate leadership, financial and operational management experience.

Ashley Davis Frushone. Ashley Davis Frushone has served as a director of the Company since September 2018 and has served as our Lead Independent Director since January 2023. Ms. Davis is a founding partner of West Front Strategies LLC, established in January 2015. West Front Strategies LLC is a government relations firm that services clients in the education, financial services, transportation, tax, technology, international trade, energy, homeland security, healthcare, arts, and philanthropy sectors. From 2003 to 2014, Ms. Davis was the Managing Principal at Blank Rome Government Relations, a subsidiary of Blank Rome LLP, a government relations business. Prior to Blank Rome, Ms. Davis worked at the White House as Special Assistant to the Director of Homeland Security and as Deputy Director of Management and Administration from 2001 to 2003. From 1999 to 2000, Ms. Davis served in various roles during the Bush/Cheney presidential campaign. From 1997 to 2000, Ms. Davis was a Senior Associate at Greenelee Partners, a government affairs firm. Ms. Davis

holds a Bachelor of Arts from Westminster College, where she also serves on the Board of Trustees, and a Master of International Business from Esade Business School in Spain, the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University, and Fundação Getulio Varga in Brazil.

We believe Ms. Davis is well-qualified to continue to serve as a director of the Company because of her extensive experience in government relations work, both in and outside of the industry.

Rohith Reddy. Rohith Reddy has served as a director of the Company since May 2023. Mr. Reddy has been Vice President and Managing Director On-Premise at Bacardi Limited/U.S.A., Inc. (“Bacardi”) since 2022. Bacardi is one of the largest privately held, family-owned spirits companies in the world with a portfolio of more than two hundred brands and labels. Prior to his current position, Mr. Reddy served in several marketing-related roles since joining Bacardi in 2011, including leadership roles on brands such as Bacardi rum, Grey Goose vodka, Patron tequila and Bombay Sapphire gin. Prior to his time at Bacardi, Mr. Reddy held the role of Senior Vice President, Group Account Director at Cavalry, an integrated advertising agency based in Chicago, working on brands such as MillerCoors. He also spent four years in Brand Management at Pabst Brewing Company from 2006 to 2011, where he oversaw the resurgence of several iconic beer brands. Prior to that, he served as Account Supervisor at both Energy BBDO and Leo Burnett. While at Leo Burnett, Mr. Reddy worked on brands such as Kraft and Marlboro. Mr. Reddy received a Bachelor of Science in microbiology from the University of Michigan and a Master of Business Administration in international business strategy from the University of Manchester.

We believe Mr. Reddy is well-qualified to serve as a director of the Company because of his extensive experience in marketing and brand management of goods focused on adult consumers which will provide the Board with additional experience and insight from an adjacent industry.

Stephen Usher. Mr. Usher has served as a director of the Company since March 2021. Mr. Usher is a Managing Director at BC Partners Credit Investment team. Mr. Usher previously held the position of Managing Director and Head of Distribution at Lafayette Square overseeing the business development activities across all the firm’s investment products. Prior to joining Lafayette, Mr. Usher was a partner at Standard General, an investment firm that manages event driven opportunity funds. He was formerly a Founding Partner of Serengeti Asset Management. Mr. Usher worked at Goldman Sachs (“Goldman”) from 1996 to 2005, during which time he built out Goldman’s European bank loan sales and sourcing effort in London and worked for Goldman’s distressed bank loan and bond sales and trading group in New York. He began his career at Citibank’s leveraged loan sales group. Mr. Usher currently serves on the board of directors of Mount Logan Capital (MLC.NE). He has served on several not-for-profit boards and is currently a member of the board of directors of The Harlem School of the Arts and is an advisor to the Investment Committee for the California Endowment. He holds a Bachelor of Arts from Wesleyan University in Middletown, CT, where he is currently a member of the President’s Council.

We believe Mr. Usher is well-qualified to continue to serve as director of the Company because of his extensive experience in business development, which will help the Company with strategic decisions and decision-making.

Lawrence S. Wexler. Mr. Wexler previously served as our President and CEO from June 2009 until his retirement in January 2022, and as President and Chief Operating Officer of North Atlantic Trading Company, Inc. (“NATC”), our primary operating subsidiary, since June 2006. Before June 2006, Mr. Wexler had been the Chief Operating Officer of NATC since June 2005, and before that, the President and Chief Operating Officer of one of our other subsidiaries beginning December 2003. Mr. Wexler was a consultant to a number of emerging marketing, communication and financial companies, advising them on financial, marketing and strategic matters, at times in an operating role from 1998 to 2003. From 1977 to 1998, he was employed by Philip Morris, USA in various positions in the Sales, Marketing and Finance Departments. As Group Director, Discount Brands, his group introduced the Basic and Alpine brands. He served as Senior Vice President of Marketing from 1992 to 1993 and Senior Vice President Finance, Planning and Information Services from 1993 until his departure in 1998. Mr. Wexler also serves as a strategic advisor to The Velour Group LLC, a Michigan-based boutique private equity firm engaged in the hands-on incubation of startups, including consumer goods, nutraceuticals, and cannabis. He is also on the advisory board of EDM Snacking, a consumer products company focused on rolled tortilla chips. Mr. Wexler remains on the board of the Tobacco Merchants’ Association as Director Emeritus. Mr. Wexler holds a Bachelor of Science in administrative science from Yale University and a Master of Business Administration from Stanford University.

We believe Mr. Wexler is well-qualified to continue to serve as a director of the Company because of his many years of experience at our Company and his prior leadership positions at other companies, both within and outside of our industry. In addition, as former Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Wexler provides valuable insight to the Board on our strategic direction.

John A. Catsimatidis Jr. John A. Catsimatidis Jr. has served as President and Chief Operating Officer of Red Apple Group since 2024. Prior to becoming President and Chief Operating Officer, Mr. Catsimatidis held several roles within Red Apple Group since 2011, including most recently serving as Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer. Red Apple Group is one of North America’s largest privately held companies that owns and operates assets in the consumer, energy, real estate, logistics, finance, insurance and media industries. In addition to his leadership role in the operations of portfolio companies, Mr. Catsimatidis leads the in-house investment team that invests in both the private and public markets. The Red Apple investment team is responsible for the identification, sourcing, research, due diligence, and execution of all new investments for Red Apple Group and its portfolio companies. Mr. Catsimatidis has lectured on investing in public and private markets and topics including capital allocation, mergers and acquisitions, corporate governance, and long-term shareholder value creation. He is a graduate of the New York University Stern School of Business, where he received a B.S. for his concentrations in finance and management. Mr. Catsimatidis is involved in all philanthropic activities of the Catsimatidis Family Foundation.

We believe Mr. Catsimatidis is well-qualified to serve as a director of the Company because of his extensive experience in forging strategies in both public and private companies. In addition, he has been involved in day-to-day management of Red Apple Group where he has gained experience working with various departments, including banking/treasury, human resources, legal, security, cybersecurity and finance, all of which will provide the Board with valuable perspectives on the consumer packaged goods category and the Company’s strategic planning. Red Apple Group owns and operates nearly 400 convenience stores in the Northeastern United States and is a long-time retailer of the Company’s core products, which provides Mr. Catsimatidis with unique consumer-level domain expertise valuable to the Company.

Arnold Zimmerman. Arnold Zimmerman has served as a director of the Company since January 2013 until his retirement from our Board in May 2024, at which time he received the honorary title of Director Emeritus, in a non-voting capacity. Since 2007, he has been President of Catchers Mitt LLC, a marketing consulting company focused on personal care products. From 2002 to 2007, Mr. Zimmerman was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of 291 Digital LLC, a graphics imaging and printing company, and from 1999 to 2002 he was Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of AM Products Company. He has also held senior executive positions at Revlon-North America and the L’Oreal Retail Hair Products Division from 1967 to 1992. Mr. Zimmerman holds a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Miami. As a Director Emeritus, Mr. Zimmerman may attend Board and committee meetings by invitation, exclusive of executive sessions, and participate in discussions in an advisory capacity, but he will not have voting rights on matters before the Board.

Although the Company does not have a formal policy governing diversity among directors, our Board strives to identify candidates with diverse backgrounds. Our Board recognizes the value of overall diversity and considers members’ and candidates’ opinions, perspectives, personal and professional experiences, and backgrounds, including gender, race, ethnicity, and country of origin. We believe the judgment and perspectives offered by a diverse board of directors improves the quality of decision-making and enhances the Company’s business performance. A majority of our directors self-identify as women or people of color. Such diversity can help the Board respond more effectively to the needs of customers, stockholders, employees, suppliers, and other stakeholders.

The table below presents certain self-identified characteristics of our director nominees.

The Board met on six occasions during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, and each incumbent director attended all meetings of the Board and its committees on which such director served during the director’s period of service, with the exception of Ms. Grazioli-Venier who missed two meetings. Executive sessions of non-employee directors, without management directors or employees present, are typically scheduled in conjunction with each regularly scheduled Board meeting. Ms. Davis, our Lead Independent Director of the Board, presides over these sessions. During 2023, there were four executive sessions.

Although the Company does not have a formal policy governing director attendance at the annual meeting of stockholders, attendance is strongly encouraged and each member of the Board attended the Company’s 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, and the Company expects all members of the Board to attend the Annual Meeting.

Our Board oversees the management of the Company, reviews our long-term strategic plans and exercises direct decision-making authority in key areas such as choosing the Executive Chairman, as well as the Chief Executive Officer, setting the scope of such officers’ authority to manage our business day-to-day, and evaluating his or her performance. David E. Glazek currently serves as Executive Chairman of the Board and Graham A. Purdy serves as CEO.

Our Board believes that there is no single organizational model that would be most effective in all circumstances and that it is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders for the Board to retain the authority to modify its leadership structure to best address the Company’s circumstances from time to time. This allows the Board to review its leadership structure periodically, including when the Company experiences a leadership transition.

Historically, we maintained a Board leadership structure that separated the CEO and Chairman roles and relied on an independent, non-executive chair to provide oversight to management. In connection with Mr. Purdy’s election as CEO of the Company in November 2022, the Board determined that while it was appropriate to maintain separate CEO and Chairman roles, Mr. Glazek was appointed Executive Chairman, given that the Board determined Mr. Glazek was best situated to assist the Company with the leadership transition and

provide more hands-on operational and strategic oversight and act as an executive-level conduit between the CEO and the Board. After continued consideration, the Board believes this leadership structure still remains the most appropriate for the company at this time.

Recognizing the importance of ensuring independent oversight of the Board by a non-executive, in connection with Mr. Glazek’s appointment as Executive Chairman, the Board appointed Ms. Davis as Lead Independent Director in accordance with our corporate governance guidelines which may be found on our website, https://www.turningpointbrands.com/investor-relations/governance/. The Lead Independent Director’s primary responsibilities include (i) presiding over executive sessions of independent directors; (ii) calling meetings of the independent directors; (iii) developing and approving, together with the Executive Chairman, the agenda for Board meetings; (iv) serving as liaison between the Executive Chairman and CEO, on the one hand, and the independent directors, on the other hand; and (v) performing such other duties that are requested by the Board. The Lead Independent Director is also available for discussions with the Company’s stockholders.

In addition to the role that the Lead Independent Director has with regard to the Board, the chair of each of the three independent committees of the Board (Audit Committee, Compensation and Talent Committee (“Compensation Committee”) and Nominating and Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) Committee) and each individual director is responsible for helping to ensure that meeting agendas are appropriate and that sufficient time and information are available to address issues that the directors believe are significant and warrant their attention. Each director has the opportunity and ability to request agenda items, information and additional meetings of the Board or of the independent directors.

Each director is to hold office until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. Vacancies and newly created directorships on the Board may be filled at any time by vote of the remaining directors.

Under our certificate of incorporation, for so long as we or one of our subsidiaries is party to certain distribution agreements with Republic Technology International SAS (“RTI”), no person who is an RTI competitor (as defined in our certificate of incorporation) or who is an officer, director or representative of an RTI competitor or any entity that owns more than a 20% equity interest in an RTI competitor will be entitled to serve on the Board. We may require that any director or nominee for director certify that he or she is not disqualified from service on the Board pursuant to these provisions, and the Board is authorized to make such reasonable determinations as shall be necessary to implement the above limitation.

Risk is inherent with every business, and how well a business manages risk can ultimately determine its success. The Company faces a number of risks, including but not limited to, economic, environmental, social and regulatory risks, and others such as the impact of competition and cybersecurity. While management is responsible for the day-to-day management of risks the Company faces, the Board, as a whole and through its committees, is responsible for overseeing the Company’s risk management strategies, including determining whether the risk management processes designed by management are adequate and functioning as intended.

The Board believes that establishing the right “tone at the top” and full and open communications between management and the Board are essential for effective risk management and oversight. The Board is informed about risk management matters as part of its role in the general oversight and approval of corporate matters. The Board gives guidance to the Company’s management on the risks it believes the Company faces, such as the matters disclosed as risk factors in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Board also receives regular updates on information technology risks. The Company’s information security programs are also subject to regular external audits.

Through the Audit Committee’s charter, the Board has authorized the Audit Committee to oversee the Company’s risk assessment and risk management policies, including technology and cybersecurity related risks. The Audit Committee, in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities, regularly and comprehensively (i) reviews and discusses with management and the independent registered public accounting firm any significant risks or exposures and assesses the steps management has taken to minimize such risks, (ii) discusses with management and the independent registered public accounting firm, and oversees the Company’s underlying policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management, and (iii) reviews and discusses with the independent registered public accounting firm any significant risks identified during the registered public accounting firm’s risk assessment procedures.

Through the Compensation Committee’s charter, the Board has authorized the Compensation Committee to oversee officer compensation programs. The Compensation Committee, in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities, designs the compensation packages applicable to the Company’s executive officers. The Compensation Committee also consults with management on setting performance goals, the payments of bonuses and grants of equity awards to key employees.

The Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee jointly perform an annual risk assessment of our compensation programs for all employees to determine whether these programs encourage unnecessary or excessive risk taking. In conducting this review, each of our compensation programs is evaluated on a number of criteria aimed at identifying any incentive programs that deviate from our risk management objectives. Based on this review in 2023, the committees concluded that we have the right combination of rewards and incentives to drive company performance, without encouraging unnecessary or excessive risk taking by our employees.

The Board’s oversight roles, including the roles of the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee, combined with the leadership structure of the Board, allow the Board to effectively administer risk management policies while also effectively and efficiently addressing Company objectives.

As noted above, our Audit Committee has direct oversight of our management of cybersecurity risks. Under the direction and supervision of our Chief Financial Officer, we conduct an annual comprehensive enterprise risk assessment, which includes cybersecurity risks. The Board receives the full results of the annual enterprise risk assessment, including an evaluation of cybersecurity risks presented and a detailed description of the actions we have taken to mitigate these risks. Our Cybersecurity Steering Committee reviews the results of any enterprise risk assessment with management on a bimonthly basis and with the Board quarterly or when risks are identified. Management provides a comprehensive update to the Audit Committee on cybersecurity threats and risk mitigation at least annually, and more frequently as relevant.

Our Board has determined that Mr. Baxter, Mr. Diao, Ms. Davis, Mr. Reddy and Mr. Usher are, and Mr. Zimmerman was during his tenure on the Board, “independent directors” under applicable NYSE and U.S. Securities & Exchange (“SEC”) rules and the Company’s Corporate Governance guidelines. The Board believes that these directors are also “independent” as that term is defined in the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder. Mr. Baxter became an independent director in July 2023, and Mr. Glazek also served as an independent member of the Board prior to his appointment as Executive Chairman. The Board has also determined that Mr. Catsimatidis will be independent upon his election to the Board.

Our Board has three standing committees: an Audit Committee, a Compensation and Talent Committee and a Nominating and ESG Committee. Under the rules of NYSE, the Audit Committee is required to consist entirely of independent directors based on enhanced criterion for Audit Committee member independence under NYSE and SEC rules. In addition, under applicable NYSE and SEC rules, our Compensation and Talent Committee and Nominating and ESG Committee are required to consist entirely of independent directors.

The Board also forms special committees and subcommittees from time to time.

The following is a brief description of our standing Board committees.

During 2023, our Audit Committee was composed of Mr. Baxter, Mr. Diao, Ms. Davis, Ms. Grazioli-Venier, and Mr. Zimmerman, each of whom continues to sit on the committee except for Ms. Grazioli-Venier, who resigned from the Board in May 2023. Mr. Baxter joined the Audit Committee in October 2023, and Mr. Zimmerman is not seeking re-election to the Board for 2024. Each of the committee’s members satisfies the financial literacy requirements under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing standards of the NYSE. Mr. Diao serves as chair of the Audit Committee. The Board has determined that Mr. Diao qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined under applicable rules of the SEC. The Audit Committee also satisfies (and in 2023 satisfied) the member independence and other requirements under current NYSE listing standards and SEC rules. Our Audit Committee, among other things, is responsible for:

Our Audit Committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the NYSE. Our Audit Committee charter may be found at our website, www.turningpointbrands.com, in the “Investor Relations” section. The Audit Committee met five times during 2023.

During 2023, our Compensation and Talent Committee (“Compensation Committee”) was composed of Mr. Usher, as Chair of the Compensation Committee, Mr. Zimmerman, and Mr. Diao until he was replaced by Mr. Reddy upon his election to the Board in May 2023. Mr. Catsimatidis is expected to serve on the Compensation Committee upon his election to the Board. Each of the current members of the Compensation Committee, and our director nominee, satisfies or will satisfy, the member independence requirements under current NYSE listing standards and SEC rules.

Our Compensation Committee, among other things, is responsible for:

Our Compensation Committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the NYSE. Our Compensation Committee charter may be found at our website, www.turningpointbrands.com, in the “Investor Relations” section. The Compensation Committee met four times during 2023.

Our Nominating and ESG Committee is composed of Ms. Davis, Mr. Diao and Mr. Reddy. Ms. Davis serves as the Nominating and ESG Committee chair. Mr. Baxter is expected to serve on the Nominating and ESG Committee following the Annual Meeting. The Nominating and ESG Committee satisfies the member independence requirements under current NYSE listing standards and SEC rules. Our Nominating and ESG Committee is, among other things, responsible for:

Our Nominating and ESG Committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the NYSE. Our Nominating and ESG Committee charter may be found at our website, www.turningpointbrands.com, in the “Investor Relations” section. The Nominating and ESG Committee met one time during 2023.

The Nominating and ESG Committee may identify potential candidates for nomination as a director using a variety of sources, including recommendations from current Board members, our management, stockholders or contacts in communities served by the Company, or by conducting a formal search using an outside search firm selected and engaged by the Nominating and ESG Committee.

Any stockholder wishing to submit a candidate for consideration should send the Corporate Secretary, at 5201 Interchange Way, Louisville, Kentucky 40229, the information detailed in Section 1.4 of our bylaws, which includes, among other items, the name of the candidate, age, contact information, present principal occupation or employment, qualifications and skills, background, last five years’ employment and business experience, a description of current or previous service as director of any corporation or organization, other relevant biographical information, the nominee’s consent to serve on the Board, and all other information relating to such person as would be required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act as well as any other information required under the Company’s bylaws. A stockholder nominee will be requested to complete a detailed questionnaire in the form that current directors and officers complete.

The Nominating and ESG Committee seeks to achieve a balance of knowledge, experience, diversity and capability on the Board, and in assessing nominees, considers such factors as it deems in the best interest of the Company and its stockholders. Though diversity is not defined in the Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines or in the Nominating and ESG Committee’s charter, each of which can be found at our website, www.turningpointbrands.com, in the “Investor Relations” section, diversity is broadly interpreted by the Board to include viewpoints, background, experience, industry knowledge and geography, as well as more traditional characteristics of diversity, such as race and gender. The manner in which the Nominating and ESG Committee evaluates a potential nominee will not differ based on whether the nominee is recommended by a stockholder of the Company.

The Nominating and ESG Committee oversees the environmental and social matters as they pertain to the Company’s business and long-term strategy and identifies and brings to the attention of the Board current and

emerging trends and issues impacting the business operations, performance and public image of the Company. The Nominating and ESG Committee meets regularly with a designated employee to oversee Company strategy and implementation of efforts related to environmental, social and governance factors. Further information related to the Company’s ESG programs can be found at our website, www.turningpointbrands.com, in the “ESG” section.

As described more fully below, the following table summarizes the total compensation earned for fiscal year 2023 for each of the non-employee directors.

During 2023, our non-employee directors received an annual cash retainer of $80,000 and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) with an award value of $70,012 which vest one year from the grant date, for each director serving on the Board, with the exception of those serving on the Audit Committee. Audit Committee members received a $90,000 annual cash retainer ($112,500 for the Audit Committee Chair) and RSUs with an award value of $60,020 ($37,510 for the Audit Committee Chair) which vest one year from the grant date. Upon appointment as Lead Independent Director, Ms. Davis began receiving an annual cash retainer of $25,000 in addition to the $90,000 annual cash retainer she receives as a member of the Audit Committee. No meeting fees are paid separately. Mr. Glazek and Mr. Purdy do not receive separate compensation for their service on the Board, and their compensation for 2023 is reported in the Summary Compensation Table.

In March 2024, the Board adopted the Nominating Committee recommendation to change the non-employee director compensation annual cash retainer to be $80,000 and RSUs to an award value of $80,000 which vest one year from the grant date, for each director serving on the Board. Additionally, Audit Committee members would receive an additional annual cash retainer of $10,000, with the Audit Committee Chair receiving an additional cash retainer of $20,000; Nominating Committee members would receive an additional annual cash retainer of $5,000, with the Nominating Committee Chair receiving an additional cash retainer of $10,000; Compensation Committee members would receive an additional annual cash retainer of $5,000, with the Compensation Committee Chair receiving an additional cash retainer of $10,000.

The following table summarizes information about director compensation for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Our Board has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our directors and employees, including our executive officers. A copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on our website at www.turningpointbrands.com in the “Investor Relations” section. We intend to disclose on our website any amendments to our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, or waivers of its requirements that apply to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, or persons performing similar functions.

Our Board has adopted corporate governance guidelines that serve as a flexible framework within which our Board and its committees operate. These guidelines cover a number of areas including, the size and composition of the Board, Board leadership structure, Board membership criteria and director qualifications, director responsibilities, meetings of independent directors, committee responsibilities and assignments, Board member access to management and independent advisors, director communications with third parties, director compensation, director orientation and continuing education, and evaluation of senior management and management succession planning. A copy of our corporate governance guidelines is available on our website at www.turningpointbrands.com in the “Investor Relations” section.

The Company’s Securities Trading Policy prohibits insiders (as defined in the policy) from pledging securities issued by the Company as collateral for a loan without the consent of the chair of the Audit Committee. In addition, the Securities Trading Policy prohibits insiders from purchasing the Company’s common stock on margin, short-selling the Company’s common stock, or buying or selling put and call options on the Company’s common stock.

The tables below set forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock by:

Other than with respect to the common stock beneficially owned by beneficial owners of more than 5% of our issued and outstanding common stock, the table below states beneficial ownership as of March 8, 2024. As of March 8, 2024, 17,676,731 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding. The amounts and percentages of common stock beneficially owned are reported on the basis of the regulations of the SEC governing the determination of beneficial ownership of securities. Under these rules, a person is deemed to be a beneficial owner of a security if that person has or shares voting power, which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting of such security, or investment power, which includes the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of such security. A person is also deemed to be a beneficial owner of any securities of which that person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days. Under these rules, more than one person may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of the same securities. Included in the amount of common stock beneficially owned are shares of common stock subject to exercisable options or options that will become exercisable within 60 days of March 8, 2024. The calculation of the percent owned by each person assumes that all vested options or options vesting within 60 days of March 8, 2024, if any, held by such person have been exercised. The calculation of percent owned by all directors and executive officers as a group assumes that all vested options beneficially held by them have been exercised.

This compensation, discussion and analysis (this “CD&A”) addresses our executive compensation program for our “named executive officers” identified below.

Our named executive officers for 2023 were:

Mr. Reformina stepped down as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, effective March 8, 2024. The Board appointed Mr. Andrew Flynn as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, effective as of April 1, 2024.

One objective of our executive compensation program is to attract and retain qualified, energetic employees who are enthusiastic about our mission and culture. A further objective is to provide incentives and reward each senior executive for his or her contribution to our growth and operating and financial improvement. In addition, we strive to (i) promote an ownership mentality among key leadership executives, (ii) design compensation to appropriately balance risk and reward in the context of the Company’s business environment and long-range business plans, and (iii) be responsive to the Company’s succession planning objectives.

Elements of executive compensation include: salary, annual cash bonus, equity-based compensation, and other benefits, such as welfare benefits, a Company match to our 401(k) defined contribution plan (including contributions to our Restoration Plan (discussed below), where applicable) and other retirement benefits. Each of the named executive officers is party to an individual employment agreement with us. Individual elements of compensation and the applicable compensation arrangements are described in more detail below.

The purpose of providing base salaries is to provide a fixed, baseline level of cash compensation that is designed to compensate the named executive officers for their day-to-day duties and responsibilities. The base salary levels of each of our named executive officers is reviewed by the Compensation Committee on an annual basis. Each current named executive officers’ base salary is set forth below:

The purpose of providing an annual cash bonus opportunity is to motivate executive officers to achieve short-term strategic and financial goals and to incentivize individual behavior that is aligned with near-term operations.

Our executive compensation program is designed to reward business success and each executive officer’s contribution to our operating and financial performance. In measuring an executive’s contribution to us, our Board considers our growth and various financial metrics. We also consider an executive’s performance in

managing us in light of general economic conditions, as well as specific company, industry and competitive conditions. Our executive officers are eligible to earn an incentive bonus payment under our Management Bonus Program based on the Board’s assessment of our financial performance and individual performance. The incentive bonus compensation paid to the named executive officers in 2024 based on 2023 results was based upon final financial performance as assessed by the Board based upon our audited 2023 financial statements and such officer’s individual performance in 2023.

The Compensation Committee established a target annual bonus opportunity for each executive officer, which is based on a specified percentage of such executive officer’s base salary. Each named executive officer’s target annual bonus for 2023 and actual bonus earned in respect of 2023 results is set forth in the table below:

The Compensation Committee has not established a target annual bonus opportunity for Mr. Glazek. Mr. Reformina will receive $92,619, which represents a portion of his 2023 bonus award as a severance payout as part of his separation from the Company in March 2024.

The purpose of providing long-term equity-based compensation is to ensure complete alignment between our executive officers and our stockholders, which is achieved by virtue of the fact that the value ultimately realized by the executive officers from payouts under equity-based compensation programs is directly tied to our stock price when such amount is paid.

In April 2015, we adopted the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”). The 2015 Plan authorizes the Compensation Committee to provide equity-based or other incentive-based compensation for the purpose of attracting and retaining directors, employees and certain consultants and providing our directors, employees and such consultants incentives and rewards for superior performance. At the Annual Meeting held in 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved a 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”), and no awards will be made under the 2015 Plan going forward.

Historically, executive officers have received long-term equity-based compensation in the form of stock options, time-based restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”). Stock options have generally vested over a three-year period subject to the executive’s employment with the Company on the applicable vesting date. PRSUs have typically been granted subject to vesting at the end of a five-year performance period, based on the level of achievement of ROIC goals established at the beginning of the applicable performance period. PRSUs offer the named executive officers a financial interest in the Company and serve to retain the named executive officers as the awards vest upon satisfaction of a specific performance measure at a pre-determined time. In determining the grant date value of awards, the Compensation Committee determines a target grant date value for each executive officer, which generally represents a percentage of the executive officer’s base salary.

In March 2022, the Compensation Committee considered and adopted a new design feature for 2022 equity-based awards. Specifically, 2022 awards were made in the form of stock options, time-based RSUs and PRSUs. The time-based stock options vest over three years while the time-based RSUs will vest over five years beginning in year three. Both are subject to continued employment through the applicable vesting date. The PRSUs will vest based on achievement of cumulative adjusted EBITDA growth targets measured over a five-year period beginning in year three.

In May 2023, the Compensation Committee considered and adopted a new design feature for 2023 equity-based awards. Specifically, 2023 awards were made in the form of time-based RSUs and PRSUs. The time-based RSUs will vest over three years. RSUs are subject to continued employment through the applicable vesting date. The PRSUs will vest based on achievement of cumulative adjusted EBITDA growth targets measured over a three-year period.

During 2023, we granted the following stock options, RSUs and PRSUs to our named executive officers:

Pursuant to the terms of his Executive Chairman Agreement, Mr. Glazek does not receive an annual base salary and he does not have a target annual bonus opportunity. In lieu of receiving an annual base salary for 2023, Mr. Glazek received an equity-based award having an award value of $1,000,000, consisting of 50% RSUs and 50% stock options, subject to quarterly vesting.

We provide the named executive officers with health, dental and vision insurance plans, term life and disability insurance. Senior executives may generally elect to participate in these plans on the same basis and terms as all employees.

We provide a company match to the 401(k) defined contribution plan to all eligible employees. For the 2023 and 2022 401(k) plan years, we contributed 4% of the participant’s annual base salary to those eligible salaried employees contributing 4% or greater of their salary. For those eligible salaried employees contributing less than 4% of annual base salary, we matched the contribution by 100%. In each of 2023 and 2022, we also made a discretionary contribution equal to 1% of the participant’s annual base salary to those eligible salaried employees.

We adopted a Restoration Plan in 2013 (the “Restoration Plan”) to give parity in benefits to executives with those benefits offered to employees generally via our 401(k) defined contribution plan. The Restoration Plan credits bookkeeping liability accounts for selected executives each year in amounts equal to amounts those executives would otherwise have been credited under the 401(k) plan. The Code allowed only up to $330,000 (in 2023; indexed each year) in total compensation to be considered in allocating contributions to a tax-qualified plan, so credits will be made to the non-qualified Restoration Plan for selected executives on compensation paid above that level, at the same percentage rate as applies to employees generally on pay below that level through the 401(k) plan. Amounts credited to the Restoration Plan grow based on the S&P 500 equity index returns each year. Benefits accrued under the Restoration Plan are not set aside in a trust account and cannot be paid to the covered executive officer until the seventh month after termination of employment, at which time benefits are forfeited if the termination is deemed for “cause.” Notwithstanding the foregoing restriction on acceleration of payment, we may elect, in our sole discretion and without the covered executive’s consent, to pay the balance of an executive’s benefits to the executive in a lump sum at any time so long as the payment results in the termination and liquidation of the executive’s entire account under the Restoration Plan and the payment does not exceed applicable dollar amounts under Code Section 402(g)(1)(B). Each of the named executive officers participates in the Restoration Plan.

The Company determined to suspend the Restoration Plan at the end of 2023 and has adopted a Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan which became effective during 2024.

From time to time, we provide personal benefits to our named executive officers to the extent such benefits are appropriate and aligned with our business objectives. The Company does not provide excessive perquisites or personal benefits to the named executive officers in respect of 2023.

The Committee considers the tax and accounting effects of compensation elements when designing the Company’s incentive and equity compensation plans. In order to maintain flexibility in compensating executive officers, however, the Committee has not adopted a policy that all compensation must be deductible for federal income tax purposes.

Effective October 30, 2023, the Company adopted a clawback policy to align with listing rules adopted by NYSE as required by the SEC. The policy applies to all executive officers (as defined under the applicable rules) and requires the Company to seek to recoup certain incentive-based compensation, whether cash- or equity-based, from current or former officers and in the event that the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to the material noncompliance of the Company with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws.

The Compensation Committee is responsible for overseeing the compensation of our named executive officers. In doing so, the Compensation Committee takes into consideration a number of factors, including (i) company financial performance, (ii) stock price, (iii) general market trends, and (iv) individual performance. The Compensation Committee generally approves performance goals or other objectives for the Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers at the beginning of each calendar year.

Since 2023, the Compensation Committee utilizes the services of an independent compensation consultant. The Compensation Committee works with its independent compensation consultant to create formal benchmarking against peers in determining executive compensation. Additionally, the Compensation Committee reviews and considers the practices of other publicly-traded companies for which we compete for talent.

The Compensation Committee takes into consideration recommendations from management regarding performance goals and also takes into account the recommendations of the Chief Executive Officer relating to the performance of his direct reports. However, no executive officer participates in the deliberation of his or her own compensation.

At the 2023 annual meeting, stockholders voted to determine, on an advisory basis, the frequency with which the Company will hold advisory say-on-pay votes, and based on this vote, the Board has adopted a policy of holding advisory say-on-pay votes each year. After the 2023 Annual Meeting, the next say-on-pay vote will be held at the 2024 annual meeting. At the 2023 annual meeting, the Company’s named executive officer compensation for 2023 was approved by 80% of the votes cast “for” the approval of 2023 named executive officer compensation. The Compensation Committee will continue to take into account the results of advisory say-on-pay votes when making decisions regarding its executive compensation programs.

The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis included in this proxy statement. Based on this review and discussion, the Compensation Committee has recommended to the Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this proxy statement for the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders.

The following table shows information regarding the compensation of our named executive officers for services performed in the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

We are party to employment agreements with each of our current executive officers. The material terms of each executive officer’s employment agreement are described below.

In connection with his appointment as Chief Executive Officer and President, the Company and Mr. Purdy expect to enter into a new employment agreement generally consistent with the terms of his existing employment agreement, providing for an initial term of one-year commencing on October 17, 2022, subject to automatic one-year renewals unless either party gives at least 60 days’ notice of non-renewal. Mr. Purdy’s annual base salary will be $750,000 and his target annual bonus opportunity will be equal to 100% of base salary. Mr. Purdy will have a target annual long-term incentive opportunity of not less than $500,000, commencing with the annual equity grant to be made in calendar year 2023.

In the event that Mr. Purdy’s employment is terminated by the Company without “cause” or Mr. Purdy resigns for “good reason” (each as defined in the employment agreement), other than during the one-year period

immediately following a “change of control” (as defined in the employment agreement), Mr. Purdy would be entitled to severance payments comprised of the following: (1) accrued compensation and benefits; (2) continuation of his then-current base salary for 12 months, to be paid in accordance with the Company’s normal payroll practices; (3) a cash severance bonus equal to the average annual cash bonus received by Mr. Purdy for the 24-month period prior to the termination date; and (4) a lump sum payment equal to the cost of COBRA continuation coverage for Mr. Purdy and his eligible dependents for 12 months. In the event that Mr. Purdy’s employment is terminated by the Company without “cause” or Mr. Purdy resigns for “good reason” during the one-year period immediately following a “change of control”, Mr. Purdy would be entitled to severance payments comprised of the following (in lieu of any other severance payments under the employment agreement): (1) the accrued compensation and benefits; (2) continuation of his then-current base salary for 24 months, to be paid in accordance with the Company’s normal payroll practices; (3) a cash severance bonus equal to two-times the average annual cash bonus received by Mr. Purdy for the 24-month period prior to the termination date; and (4) a lump sum payment equal to the cost of COBRA continuation coverage for Mr. Purdy and his eligible dependents for 12 months. The foregoing severance payments and benefits are subject to Mr. Purdy executing an effective release of claims against the Company. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Mr. Purdy will be subject to certain restrictive covenants, including non-competition, non-solicitation, and non-hire restrictions during the employment term and for two years post-termination.

Mr. Reformina’s employment agreement provides for an initial term of one year, subject to automatic extensions for successive one-year terms unless earlier terminated, or unless either party provides notice of non-renewal at least 60 days prior to the end of the applicable term. Pursuant to his employment agreement, Mr. Reformina is entitled to receive an annual base salary of $365,000, subject to adjustment by the Board. Mr. Reformina is eligible to receive an annual cash bonus equal to 50% of annual base salary.

Ms. Cushman’s employment agreement provides for an initial term of one year, subject to automatic extensions for successive one-year terms unless earlier terminated, or unless either party provides notice of non-renewal at least 60 days prior to the end of the applicable term. Pursuant to her employment agreement, Ms. Cushman is entitled to receive an annual base salary of $340,000, subject to adjustment by the Board. Ms. Cushman is eligible to receive an annual cash bonus equal to 50% of annual base salary.

Upon a termination of employment by us without “cause” or by the applicable executive for “good reason” (each as defined in the applicable executive’s Employment Agreement), each of Mr. Reformina and Ms. Cushman would be entitled to severance payments comprised of the following: (1) accrued compensation and benefits; (2) continuation of then-current base salary for 12 months, to be paid in accordance with our normal payroll practices; (3) a cash severance bonus equal to the average annual cash bonus received by the applicable executive for the 24-month period before the termination date; and (4) a lump sum payment equal to the cost of COBRA continuation coverage for the executive and his/her eligible dependents for 12 months.

In the event of a termination of employment by us without cause or by the applicable executive for good reason within one year following a “change of control” (as such term is defined in the applicable executive’s Employment Agreement), or within 12 months of the effective date of his Employment Agreement, each of Mr. Reformina and Ms. Cushman would be entitled to severance payments comprised of the following (in lieu of any other severance payments under the 2016 Employment Agreements): (1) the accrued compensation and benefits; (2) continuation of then-current base salary for 24 months, to be paid in accordance with our normal payroll practices; (3) a cash severance bonus equal to two-times the average annual cash bonus received by the applicable executive for the 24-month period before the termination date; and (4) a lump-sum payment equal to the cost of COBRA continuation coverage for the executive and his/her eligible dependents for 12 months.

In general, the foregoing severance payments and other benefits are subject to the applicable executive executing and delivering a release of claims to us. Pursuant to their respective Employment Agreements, each of Mr. Reformina and Ms. Cushman are subject to certain restrictive covenants, including non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions during the employment term, and for a post-termination period equal to the number of months the executive is entitled to receive salary continuation pursuant to the severance provisions described above.

In addition, if any payment made to Messrs. Purdy, Reformina or Ms. Cushman would be subject to the excise tax under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code, then the amounts payable to the applicable

executive will be reduced to the maximum amount that does not trigger the excise tax, unless the executive would be better off (on an after-tax basis) receiving all such payments and benefits and paying all applicable income and excise taxes.

In January 2023, Mr. Glazek was appointed Executive Chairman of the Board. In connection with his appointment as Executive Chairman, the Company entered into a letter agreement with Mr. Glazek, which letter agreement was in effect as of December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Chairman Letter”). The 2023 Chairman Letter provides that for each year during the term, Mr. Glazek will receive an annual equity grant under the Company’s 2021 Plan having a grant date value of $1,000,000, to be granted in the form of stock options and restricted stock units. In the event that the Board removes Mr. Glazek from the role of Executive Chairman without cause, or there is otherwise a material change to his duties and responsibilities as Executive Chairman or a material breach by the Company of his agreement, then he will receive accelerated vesting of any previously granted equity awards (or, if such grant has not yet occurred, a cash payment in respect thereof).

The following table sets forth specified information concerning equity awards held by each of the named executive officers as of December 31, 2023.

The following table sets forth information concerning awards that vested for the NEOs during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

As described above under the section entitled “Employment Agreements”, each of our current executive officers is party to an employment agreement that provides for severance benefits in the event of a termination by us “without cause” or by the executive for “good reason.”

The terms of our outstanding equity-based awards generally provide that in the event that an executive’s employment is terminated prior to the applicable vesting date of an award, such award will be forfeited, except in connection with certain termination events. The terms of the PRSU award agreements generally provide that in the event that an executive dies or becomes disabled prior to the “measurement date”, the executive will remain eligible to vest in his PRSUs based on actual performance measured at the end of the performance period.

Our 2015 and 2021 equity compensation plans generally provide that in the event of a “change of control,” outstanding equity awards will not be accelerated if the acquiror provides for a “replacement award” in connection with such change of control, as determined in accordance with the provisions of the equity plan. If no replacement award is provided, then outstanding equity awards will become immediately vested, with any performance goals being deemed to be achieved at target level.

The table below sets forth the amount of severance or other compensation that would have become payable to each of 2023 named executive officers had his employment been terminated as of December 31, 2023 or in the event a change of control had occurred on December 31, 2023.

The following table contains information about our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2023: