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KAR Auction Services, Inc. – ‘10-Q’ for 9/30/20

On:  Wednesday, 11/4/20, at 2:42pm ET   ·   For:  9/30/20   ·   Accession #:  1395942-20-101   ·   File #:  1-34568

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  As Of               Filer                 Filing    For·On·As Docs:Size

11/04/20  KAR Auction Services, Inc.        10-Q        9/30/20   68:9.7M

Quarterly Report   —   Form 10-Q
Filing Table of Contents

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: 10-Q        Form 10-Q - September 30, 2020                      HTML   1.04M 
 2: EX-10.15    Exhibit 10.15 - Ninth A&R Rpa (Us)                  HTML    455K 
 3: EX-10.16    Exhibit 10.16 - Fifth A&R Rpa (Canada)              HTML    382K 
 4: EX-31.1     Exhibit 31.1 - CEO Sox 302 Certification            HTML     23K 
 5: EX-31.2     Exhibit 31.2 - CFO Sox 302 Certification            HTML     23K 
 6: EX-32.1     Exhibit 32.1 - CEO Sox 906 Certification            HTML     19K 
 7: EX-32.2     Exhibit 32.2 - CFO Sox 906 Certification            HTML     20K 
14: R1          Document and Entity Information                     HTML     74K 
15: R2          Consolidated Statements of Income                   HTML    113K 
16: R3          Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income     HTML     41K 
17: R4          Consolidated Balance Sheets                         HTML    133K 
18: R5          Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical)         HTML     37K 
19: R6          Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity     HTML     19K 
                (Parenthetical)                                                  
20: R7          Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity     HTML     90K 
21: R8          Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows               HTML    133K 
22: R9          Basis of Presenation and Nature of Operations       HTML     45K 
23: R10         Pending Acquisition                                 HTML     21K 
24: R11         IAA Separation and Discontinued Operations          HTML     51K 
25: R12         Stock and Stock-Based Compensation Plans            HTML     36K 
26: R13         Net Income from Continuing Operations Per Share     HTML     50K 
27: R14         Finance Receivables and Obligations Collateralized  HTML     70K 
                by Finance Receivables                                           
28: R15         Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets                HTML     32K 
29: R16         Long-Term Debt                                      HTML     46K 
30: R17         Derivatives                                         HTML     40K 
31: R18         Convertible Preferred Stock                         HTML     28K 
32: R19         Commitments and Contingencies                       HTML     22K 
33: R20         Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)       HTML     27K 
34: R21         Segment Information                                 HTML    160K 
35: R22         Subsequent Event                                    HTML     21K 
36: R23         Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations      HTML     53K 
                Accounting Policies (Policies)                                   
37: R24         IAA Separation and Discontinued Operations          HTML     52K 
                (Tables)                                                         
38: R25         Stock and Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Tables)   HTML     32K 
39: R26         Net Income from Continuing Operations Per Share     HTML     47K 
                (Tables)                                                         
40: R27         Finance Receivables and Obligations Collateralized  HTML     65K 
                by Finance Receivables (Tables)                                  
41: R28         Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)       HTML     30K 
42: R29         Long-Term Debt (Tables)                             HTML     41K 
43: R30         Derivatives (Tables)                                HTML     39K 
44: R31         Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)       HTML     27K 
                (Tables)                                                         
45: R32         Segment Information (Tables)                        HTML    157K 
46: R33         Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations      HTML     80K 
                (Details)                                                        
47: R34         Pending Acquisition (Details)                       HTML     21K 
48: R35         IAA Separation and Discontinued Operations          HTML     59K 
                (Details)                                                        
49: R36         Stock and Stock-Based Compensation Summary          HTML     42K 
                (Details)                                                        
50: R37         Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Details)              HTML     22K 
51: R38         Share Repurchase Plan (Details)                     HTML     36K 
52: R39         Net Income from Continuing Operations Per Share     HTML     65K 
                (Details)                                                        
53: R40         Finance Receivables and Obligations Collateralized  HTML     86K 
                by Finance Receivables (Details)                                 
54: R41         Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Details)      HTML     39K 
55: R42         Long-Term Debt Summary (Details)                    HTML     50K 
56: R43         Credit Facilities (Details)                         HTML     76K 
57: R44         Derivatives (Details)                               HTML     46K 
58: R45         Derivatives (Details 2)                             HTML     31K 
59: R46         Convertible Preferred Stock (Details)               HTML     79K 
60: R47         Commitments and Contingencies (Details)             HTML     20K 
61: R48         Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)       HTML     29K 
                (Details)                                                        
62: R49         Segment Information (Details 1)                     HTML    107K 
63: R50         Segment Information (Details 2)                     HTML     31K 
64: R51         Subsequent Event (Details)                          HTML     23K 
66: XML         IDEA XML File -- Filing Summary                      XML    117K 
13: XML         XBRL Instance -- kar-20200930_htm                    XML   1.85M 
65: EXCEL       IDEA Workbook of Financial Reports                  XLSX     82K 
 9: EX-101.CAL  XBRL Calculations -- kar-20200930_cal                XML    198K 
10: EX-101.DEF  XBRL Definitions -- kar-20200930_def                 XML    561K 
11: EX-101.LAB  XBRL Labels -- kar-20200930_lab                      XML   1.42M 
12: EX-101.PRE  XBRL Presentations -- kar-20200930_pre               XML    858K 
 8: EX-101.SCH  XBRL Schema -- kar-20200930                          XSD    137K 
67: JSON        XBRL Instance as JSON Data -- MetaLinks              350±   505K 
68: ZIP         XBRL Zipped Folder -- 0001395942-20-000101-xbrl      Zip    491K 


‘10-Q’   —   Form 10-Q – September 30, 2020
Document Table of Contents

Page (sequential)   (alphabetic) Top
 
11st Page  –  Filing Submission
"Table of Contents
"Part I-Financial Information
"Item 1
"Financial Statements (Unaudited)
"Consolidated Statements of Income
"Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
"Consolidated Balance Sheets
"Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
"Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
"Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
"Item 2
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
"Item 3
"Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
"Item 4
"Controls and Procedures
"Legal Proceedings
"Item 1A
"Risk Factors
"Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
"Item 6
"Exhibits
"Signatures

This is an HTML Document rendered as filed.  [ Alternative Formats ]



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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM  i 10-Q
 i QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended  i September 30, 2020
OR
 i TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number:  i 001-34568
kar-20200930_g1.jpg
 i KAR Auction Services, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 i Delaware
 i 20-8744739
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 i 11299 N. Illinois Street,  i Carmel,  i Indiana  i 46032
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: ( i 800 i 923-3725

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading symbolName of each exchange on which registered
 i Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share i KAR i New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  i Yes     No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  i Yes     No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 i Large accelerated filerAccelerated filerNon-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company i Emerging growth company i 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes  i     No 
As of October 31, 2020,  i 129,251,552 shares of the registrant's common stock, par value $ i 0.01 per share, were outstanding.


Table of Contents

KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Table of Contents
  Page
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
2

Table of Contents

PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.    Financial Statements
KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In millions, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2020201920202019
Operating revenues  
Auction fees and services revenue$ i 440.5 $ i 534.5 $ i 1,244.6 $ i 1,629.5 
Purchased vehicle sales i 86.2  i 79.1  i 211.3  i 216.2 
Finance-related revenue i 66.9  i 88.3  i 202.2  i 264.9 
Total operating revenues i 593.6  i 701.9  i 1,658.1  i 2,110.6 
Operating expenses  
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) i 329.7  i 410.9  i 959.4  i 1,222.2 
Selling, general and administrative i 131.0  i 158.9  i 405.7  i 497.3 
Depreciation and amortization i 46.5  i 46.4  i 140.7  i 138.6 
  Goodwill and other intangibles impairment i   i   i 29.8  i  
Total operating expenses i 507.2  i 616.2  i 1,535.6  i 1,858.1 
Operating profit i 86.4  i 85.7  i 122.5  i 252.5 
Interest expense i 29.5  i 37.9  i 98.4  i 150.0 
Other income, net( i 1.1)( i 2.0)( i 1.8)( i 5.2)
Loss on extinguishment of debt i   i 2.2  i   i 2.2 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes i 58.0  i 47.6  i 25.9  i 105.5 
Income taxes i 10.9  i 13.2  i 8.3  i 28.4 
Income from continuing operations$ i 47.1 $ i 34.4 $ i 17.6 $ i 77.1 
Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes i   i 0.9  i   i 91.6 
Net income$ i 47.1 $ i 35.3 $ i 17.6 $ i 168.7 
Net income per share - basic
Income from continuing operations$ i 0.23 $ i 0.26 $ i 0.04 $ i 0.58 
Income from discontinued operations i   i 0.01  i   i 0.69 
Net income per share - basic$ i 0.23 $ i 0.27 $ i 0.04 $ i 1.27 
Net income per share - diluted
Income from continuing operations$ i 0.23 $ i 0.26 $ i 0.04 $ i 0.58 
Income from discontinued operations i   i 0.01  i   i 0.68 
Net income per share - diluted$ i 0.23 $ i 0.27 $ i 0.04 $ i 1.26 
Dividends declared per common share$ i  $ i 0.19 $ i 0.19 $ i 0.89 





See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements
3

Table of Contents

KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2020201920202019
Net income$ i 47.1 $ i 35.3 $ i 17.6 $ i 168.7 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax   
Foreign currency translation gain (loss) i 12.6 ( i 10.8)( i 7.3) i 5.7 
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate derivatives, net of tax i 1.0  i  ( i 21.6) i  
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax i 13.6 ( i 10.8)( i 28.9) i 5.7 
Comprehensive income (loss)$ i 60.7 $ i 24.5 $( i 11.3)$ i 174.4 
   



























See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements
4

Table of Contents

KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
 September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Assets  
Current assets  
Cash and cash equivalents$ i 1,276.7 $ i 507.6 
Restricted cash i 54.7  i 53.3 
Trade receivables, net of allowances of $10.9 and $9.5 i 494.1  i 457.5 
Finance receivables, net of allowances of $22.0 and $15.0 i 1,722.8  i 2,100.2 
Other current assets i 126.3  i 125.9 
Total current assets i 3,674.6  i 3,244.5 
Other assets  
Goodwill i 1,798.2  i 1,821.7 
Customer relationships, net of accumulated amortization of $665.0 and $637.4 i 168.6  i 207.9 
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $341.5 and $292.4 i 284.4  i 298.5 
Operating lease right-of-use assets i 354.9  i 364.1 
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $578.6 and $534.3 i 585.2  i 609.0 
Other assets i 44.0  i 35.5 
Total other assets i 3,235.3  i 3,336.7 
Total assets$ i 6,909.9 $ i 6,581.2 
   

















See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements
5

Table of Contents

KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In millions, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
 September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Liabilities, Temporary Equity and Stockholders' Equity  
Current liabilities  
Accounts payable$ i 938.1 $ i 704.6 
Accrued employee benefits and compensation expenses i 66.0  i 72.7 
Accrued interest i 19.5  i 7.9 
Other accrued expenses i 197.9  i 216.9 
Income taxes payable i 5.6  i 1.1 
Dividends payable i   i 24.5 
Obligations collateralized by finance receivables i 1,101.0  i 1,461.2 
Current maturities of long-term debt i 26.4  i 28.8 
Total current liabilities i 2,354.5  i 2,517.7 
Non-current liabilities  
Long-term debt i 1,854.8  i 1,861.3 
Deferred income tax liabilities i 125.1  i 134.5 
Operating lease liabilities i 348.6  i 358.3 
Other liabilities i 79.9  i 59.2 
Total non-current liabilities i 2,408.4  i 2,413.3 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11) i  i 
Temporary equity
Series A convertible preferred stock (Note 10) i 540.0  i  
Stockholders' equity  
Common stock, $0.01 par value:  
Authorized shares: 400,000,000  
Issued and outstanding shares:  
September 30, 2020: 129,245,854  
December 31, 2019: 128,833,452 i 1.3  i 1.3 
Additional paid-in capital i 1,037.8  i 1,028.9 
Retained earnings i 627.8  i 651.0 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss( i 59.9)( i 31.0)
Total stockholders' equity i 1,607.0  i 1,650.2 
Total liabilities, temporary equity and stockholders' equity$ i 6,909.9 $ i 6,581.2 












See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements
6

Table of Contents

KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
Common
Stock
Shares
Common
Stock
Amount
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Total
Balance at June 30, 2020 i 129.2 $ i 1.3 $ i 1,034.2 $ i 592.5 $( i 73.5)$ i 1,554.5 
Net income i 47.1  i 47.1 
Other comprehensive income i 13.6  i 13.6 
Issuance of common stock under stock plans i 0.3  i 0.3 
Surrender of RSUs for taxes( i 0.2)( i 0.2)
Stock-based compensation expense i 3.5  i 3.5 
Dividends on preferred stock( i 11.8)( i 11.8)
Balance at September 30, 2020 i 129.2 $ i 1.3 $ i 1,037.8 $ i 627.8 $( i 59.9)$ i 1,607.0 
 
Common
Stock
Shares
Common
Stock
Amount
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Total
Balance at December 31, 2019 i 128.8 $ i 1.3 $ i 1,028.9 $ i 651.0 $( i 31.0)$ i 1,650.2 
Cumulative effect adjustment for adoption of
ASC Topic 326, net of tax
( i 3.8)( i 3.8)
Net income i 17.6  i 17.6 
Other comprehensive loss( i 28.9)( i 28.9)
Issuance of common stock under stock plans i 0.6  i 1.0  i 1.0 
Surrender of RSUs for taxes( i 0.2)( i 3.9)( i 3.9)
Stock-based compensation expense i 11.1  i 11.1 
Dividends earned under stock plan i 0.7 ( i 0.7) i  
Cash dividends declared to stockholders ($0.19 per share)( i 24.5)( i 24.5)
Dividends on preferred stock( i 11.8)( i 11.8)
Balance at September 30, 2020 i 129.2 $ i 1.3 $ i 1,037.8 $ i 627.8 $( i 59.9)$ i 1,607.0 



















See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements
7

Table of Contents

KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
Common
Stock
Shares
Common
Stock
Amount
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Total
Balance at June 30, 2019 i 133.4 $ i 1.3 $ i 1,140.8 $ i 644.9 $( i 34.4)$ i 1,752.6 
Net income i 35.3  i 35.3 
Other comprehensive loss( i 10.8)( i 10.8)
Issuance of common stock under stock plans i 0.2 ( i 1.3)( i 1.3)
Surrender of RSUs for taxes( i 0.1)( i 0.1)
Stock-based compensation expense i 4.3  i 4.3 
Repurchase and retirement of common stock( i 4.8)( i 119.7)( i 119.7)
Cash dividends declared to stockholders ($0.19 per share)( i 24.5)( i 24.5)
Balance at September 30, 2019 i 128.8 $ i 1.3 $ i 1,024.0 $ i 655.7 $( i 45.2)$ i 1,635.8 

Common
Stock
Shares
Common
Stock
Amount
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Total
Balance at December 31, 2018 i 132.9 $ i 1.3 $ i 1,131.9 $ i 392.3 $( i 61.3)$ i 1,464.2 
Cumulative effect adjustment for adoption of
ASC Topic 842, net of tax
 i 1.1  i 1.1 
Net income i 168.7  i 168.7 
Other comprehensive income i 5.7  i 5.7 
Issuance of common stock under stock plans i 0.9  i 4.1  i 4.1 
Surrender of RSUs for taxes( i 0.2)( i 10.5)( i 10.5)
Stock-based compensation expense i 16.4  i 16.4 
Repurchase and retirement of common stock( i 4.8)( i 119.7)( i 119.7)
Distribution of IAA i 213.2  i 10.4  i 223.6 
Dividends earned under stock plan i 1.8 ( i 1.8) i  
Cash dividends declared to stockholders ($0.89 per share)( i 117.8)( i 117.8)
Balance at September 30, 2019 i 128.8 $ i 1.3 $ i 1,024.0 $ i 655.7 $( i 45.2)$ i 1,635.8 










See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements
8

Table of Contents

KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20202019
Operating activities  
Net income$ i 17.6 $ i 168.7 
Net income from discontinued operations i  ( i 91.6)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:  
Depreciation and amortization i 140.7  i 138.6 
Provision for credit losses i 41.6  i 28.9 
Deferred income taxes( i 3.0) i 2.5 
Amortization of debt issuance costs i 8.6  i 9.6 
Stock-based compensation i 11.1  i 14.6 
Goodwill and other intangibles impairment i 29.8  i  
Loss on extinguishment of debt i   i 2.2 
Other non-cash, net i 6.1  i 7.9 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:  
Trade receivables and other assets( i 49.4)( i 41.3)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses i 228.8  i 51.0 
Net cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations i 431.9  i 291.1 
Net cash provided by operating activities - discontinued operations i   i 156.7 
Investing activities  
Net decrease (increase) in finance receivables held for investment i 337.1 ( i 119.0)
Acquisition of businesses (net of cash acquired) i  ( i 120.7)
Purchases of property, equipment and computer software( i 74.3)( i 127.6)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment i 0.8  i  
Net cash provided by (used by) investing activities - continuing operations i 263.6 ( i 367.3)
Net cash used by investing activities - discontinued operations i  ( i 37.4)
Financing activities  
Net increase in book overdrafts i 20.3  i 9.2 
Net (decrease) increase in borrowings from lines of credit( i 2.4) i 17.5 
Net decrease in obligations collateralized by finance receivables( i 345.1)( i 25.0)
Proceeds from issuance of Series A Preferred Stock i 550.1  i  
Payments for issuance costs of Series A Preferred Stock( i 21.9) i  
Proceeds from long-term debt i   i 947.6 
Payments for debt issuance costs/amendments( i 18.2)( i 13.7)
Payments on long-term debt( i 7.1)( i 1,746.6)
Payments on finance leases( i 12.6)( i 12.2)
Payments of contingent consideration and deferred acquisition costs( i 22.3)( i 0.5)
Issuance of common stock under stock plans i 1.0  i 4.1 
Tax withholding payments for vested RSUs( i 3.9)( i 10.5)
Repurchase and retirement of common stock i  ( i 119.7)
Dividends paid to stockholders( i 49.0)( i 139.8)
  Cash transferred to IAA i  ( i 50.9)
Net cash provided by (used by) financing activities - continuing operations i 88.9 ( i 1,140.5)
Net cash provided by financing activities - discontinued operations i   i 1,317.6 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash( i 13.9) i 7.0 
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash i 770.5  i 227.2 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period i 560.9  i 304.7 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$ i 1,331.4 $ i 531.9 
Cash paid for interest, net of proceeds from interest rate derivatives$ i 77.7 $ i 120.0 
Cash paid for taxes, net of refunds - continuing operations$ i 9.7 $ i 27.8 
Cash paid for taxes, net of refunds - discontinued operations$ i  $ i 40.1 

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements
9

Table of Contents

KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)

Note 1— i Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations
Defined Terms
Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, the following terms used herein shall have the following meanings:
"we," "us," "our," "KAR" and "the Company" refer, collectively, to KAR Auction Services, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries;
"ADESA" or "ADESA Auctions" refer, collectively, to ADESA, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of KAR Auction Services, and ADESA, Inc.'s subsidiaries, including Openlane, Inc. (together with Openlane, Inc.'s subsidiaries, "Openlane"), Nth Gen Software Inc. ("TradeRev"), ADESA Remarketing Limited (formerly known as GRS Remarketing Limited ("GRS" or "ADESA Remarketing Limited")) and ADESA Europe (formerly known as CarsOnTheWeb ("COTW"));
"AFC" refers, collectively, to Automotive Finance Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of ADESA, and Automotive Finance Corporation's subsidiaries and other related entities, including PWI Holdings, Inc.;
"Credit Agreement" refers to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated March 11, 2014, as amended on March 9, 2016, May 31, 2017, September 19, 2019, May 29, 2020 and September 2, 2020, among KAR Auction Services, as the borrower, the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as administrative agent;
"Credit Facility" refers to the $ i 950 million, senior secured term loan B-6 facility due September 19, 2026 ("Term Loan B-6") and the $ i 325 million, senior secured revolving credit facility due September 19, 2024 (the "Revolving Credit Facility"), the terms of which are set forth in the Credit Agreement;
"IAA" refers, collectively, to Insurance Auto Auctions, Inc., formerly a wholly-owned subsidiary of KAR Auction Services, and Insurance Auto Auctions, Inc.'s subsidiaries and other related entities, including HBC Vehicle Services Limited ("HBC"). See Note 3;
"KAR Auction Services" refers to KAR Auction Services, Inc. and not to its subsidiaries;
"Senior notes" refers to the  i 5.125% senior notes due 2025 ($ i 950 million aggregate principal outstanding at September 30, 2020);
"Term Loan B-4" refers to the senior secured term loan B-4 facility, the terms of which are set forth in the Credit Agreement;
"Term Loan B-5" refers to the senior secured term loan B-5 facility, the terms of which are set forth in the Credit Agreement; and
"2017 Revolving Credit Facility" refers to the $ i 350 million, senior secured revolving credit facility, the terms of which are set forth in the Credit Agreement.
Business and Nature of Operations
ADESA is a leading provider of wholesale vehicle auctions and related vehicle remarketing services for the automotive industry. As of September 30, 2020, we have a North American network of  i 74 facilities and we also offer online auctions. ADESA also includes TradeRev, an online automotive remarketing platform where dealers can launch and participate in real-time vehicle auctions at any time, ADESA Remarketing Limited, an online whole car vehicle remarketing business in the United Kingdom and ADESA Europe (formerly known as CarsOnTheWeb), an online wholesale vehicle auction marketplace in Continental Europe. Our auctions facilitate the sale of used vehicles through physical, online or hybrid auctions, which permit Internet buyers to participate in physical auctions. ADESA's online service offerings include customized private label solutions powered with software developed by its wholly-owned subsidiary, Openlane, that allow our institutional consignors (automobile manufacturers, captive finance companies and other institutions) to offer vehicles via the Internet prior to arrival at the physical auction. Remarketing services include a variety of activities designed to transfer used vehicles between sellers and buyers throughout the vehicle life cycle. ADESA facilitates the exchange of these vehicles through an auction marketplace,
10

Table of Contents
KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)
which aligns sellers and buyers. As an agent for customers, the Company generally does not take title to or ownership of vehicles sold at the auctions. Generally, fees are earned from the seller and buyer on each successful auction transaction in addition to fees earned for ancillary services.
ADESA has the second largest used vehicle auction network in North America, based upon the number of used vehicles sold through auctions annually, and also provides services such as inbound and outbound transportation logistics, reconditioning, vehicle inspection and certification, titling, administrative and collateral recovery services. ADESA is able to serve the diverse and multi-faceted needs of its customers through the wide range of services offered.
AFC is a leading provider of floorplan financing to independent used vehicle dealers and this financing is provided through  i 119 locations throughout the United States and Canada as of September 30, 2020. Floorplan financing supports independent used vehicle dealers in North America who purchase vehicles at ADESA, TradeRev, other used vehicle and salvage auctions and non-auction purchases. In addition to floorplan financing, AFC also provides independent used vehicle dealers with other related services and products, such as vehicle service contracts.
 i 
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and
with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information
and notes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily
indicative of results that may be expected for the year as a whole. In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial
statements reflect all adjustments, generally consisting of normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair statement of our results
of operations, cash flows and financial position for the periods presented. These consolidated financial statements and
condensed notes to consolidated financial statements are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with the audited
consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 19, 2020. The 2019 year-end
consolidated balance sheet data included in this Form 10-Q was derived from the audited financial statements referenced above
and does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements.
 i 
Reclassifications
ADESA Auction Services' revenue reported in the consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 has been reclassified between "Auction fees and services revenue" and "Purchased vehicle sales" in the consolidated statements of income to conform with the presentation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
 i 
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates based in part on assumptions about current, and for some estimates, future economic and market conditions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Although the current estimates contemplate current conditions and expected future changes, as appropriate, it is reasonably possible that future conditions could differ from these estimates, which could materially affect our results of operations and financial position. Among other effects, such changes could result in future impairments of goodwill, intangible assets and long-lived assets, incremental losses on finance receivables, additional allowances on accounts receivable and deferred tax assets and changes in litigation and other loss contingencies.

 i 
Acquisition-Related Deferred and Contingent Consideration

Some of the purchase agreements related to prior year acquisitions included additional payments over a specified period, including deferred and contingent payments based on certain conditions and performance. At September 30, 2020, we had accrued deferred and estimated contingent consideration with a fair value of approximately $ i 3.7 million and $ i 43.4 million, respectively. At September 30, 2020, the aggregate maximum potential payment remaining for undiscounted deferred payments and undiscounted contingent payments related to these acquisitions could approximate $ i 105.1 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we made contingent consideration and deferred acquisition payments related to the CarsOnTheWeb acquisition of $ i 22.3 million.
 / 
11

Table of Contents
KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)

 i 
Temporary Equity

The Company records shares of convertible preferred stock at their respective fair values on the date of issuance, net of issuance costs. The convertible preferred stock is recorded outside of stockholders' equity on the consolidated balance sheet because the shares contain liquidation features that are not solely within the Company's control. The Company has elected not to adjust the carrying values of the convertible preferred stock to the liquidation preferences of such shares because of the uncertainty of whether or when such an event would occur. Subsequent adjustments to increase the carrying value to the liquidation preferences will be made only when it becomes probable that such a liquidation event will occur. See Note 10 for a discussion of the convertible preferred stock.
 i 
Credit Losses
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The update changes the methodology for measuring credit losses on financial instruments and the timing of when such losses are recorded. We adopted Topic 326 in the first quarter of 2020 and the change in methodology for measuring credit losses resulted in an increase in the allowance for credit losses of $ i 5.0 million. The cumulative effect of this change was recognized, net of tax, as a $ i 3.8 million adjustment to retained earnings on January 1, 2020.
 / 
 i 
New Accounting Standards
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock by reducing the number of accounting models and the number of embedded conversion features that could be recognized separately from the primary contract. The update also requires the application of the if-converted method to calculate the impact of convertible instruments on diluted earnings per share. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. This update can be adopted on either a fully retrospective or a modified retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2020-06 will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminates certain exceptions within Topic 740 and clarifies certain aspects of the current guidance to promote consistency among reporting entities. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2019-12 will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The new guidance was effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of ASU 2018-15 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which simplifies the test for goodwill impairment by eliminating Step 2 (implied fair value measurement). Instead goodwill impairment would be measured as the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The new guidance was effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of ASU 2017-04 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
12

Table of Contents
KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)
Note 2— i Pending Acquisition
In September 2020, ADESA entered into an agreement and plan of merger to acquire BacklotCars, Inc. ("BacklotCars") for $ i 425 million in cash. BacklotCars is an app and web-based dealer-to-dealer wholesale platform featuring a 24/7 “bid-ask” marketplace offering vehicles with comprehensive inspections performed by automobile mechanics. The acquisition is expected to further diversify the Company's broad portfolio of digital capabilities and accelerate the Company’s strategy to be a leading digital dealer-to-dealer marketplace provider. The merger is expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2020, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. On November 4, 2020, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission granted early termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, with respect to the merger.
Note 3— i IAA Separation and Discontinued Operations
In February 2018, the Company announced that its board of directors had approved a plan to pursue the separation ("Separation") of its salvage auction business, IAA, through a spin-off. On June 28, 2019, the Company completed the spin-off, creating a new independent publicly traded company, IAA, Inc. ("IAA"). The Separation provided KAR stockholders with equity ownership in both KAR and IAA. On June 28, 2019, the Company’s stockholders received one share of IAA common stock for every share of Company common stock they held as of the close of business on June 18, 2019, the record date for the distribution. In addition to the shares of IAA common stock, KAR received a cash distribution of approximately $ i 1,278.0 million from IAA, which was used to prepay a portion of KAR's term loans. In connection with the spin-off, the Company and IAA entered into various agreements to effect the Separation and provide a framework for their relationship after the Separation, including a separation and distribution agreement, a transition services agreement, an employee matters agreement and a tax matters agreement. These agreements provide for the allocation between the Company and IAA of assets, employees, liabilities and obligations (including investments, property, environmental and tax-related assets and liabilities) attributable to periods prior to, at and after IAA's Separation from the Company and govern certain relationships between IAA and the Company after the Separation.

The financial results of IAA have been accounted for as discontinued operations in the comparable 2019 results presented. IAA was formerly presented as one of the Company’s reportable segments. Discontinued operations included one-time transaction costs in "Selling, general and administrative" of approximately $ i 0.0 million and $ i 31.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, in connection with the separation of the two companies. These costs consisted of consulting and professional fees associated with preparing for and executing the spin-off.

 i 
The following table presents the results of operations for IAA that have been reclassified to discontinued operations for all periods presented:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020201920202019
Operating revenues$ i  $ i  $ i  $ i 723.6 
Operating expenses
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) i   i   i   i 446.1 
Selling, general and administrative i   i   i   i 94.5 
Depreciation and amortization i   i   i   i 43.9 
Total operating expenses i   i   i   i 584.5 
Operating profit i   i   i   i 139.1 
Interest expense i   i   i   i 2.7 
Other income, net i   i   i   i  
Income from discontinued operations before income taxes i   i   i   i 136.4 
Income taxes i  ( i 0.9) i   i 44.8 
Income from discontinued operations$ i  $ i 0.9 $ i  $ i 91.6 
 / 

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KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)
Note 4— i Stock and Stock-Based Compensation Plans
The KAR Auction Services, Inc. 2009 Omnibus Stock and Incentive Plan ("Omnibus Plan") is intended to provide equity and/or cash-based awards to our executive officers and key employees. Our stock-based compensation expense includes expense associated with KAR Auction Services, Inc. performance-based restricted stock units ("PRSUs") and service-based restricted stock units ("RSUs"). We have determined that the KAR Auction Services, Inc. PRSUs and RSUs should be classified as equity awards.
 i 
The following table summarizes our stock-based compensation expense by type of award (in millions):
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2020201920202019
PRSUs$ i 1.3 $ i 2.6 $ i 3.6 $ i 7.5 
RSUs i 2.2  i 1.7  i 7.5  i 7.1 
Total stock-based compensation expense$ i 3.5 $ i 4.3 $ i 11.1 $ i 14.6 
 / 
In the first nine months of 2020, we granted a target amount of approximately  i 0.4 million PRSUs to certain executive officers and management of the Company. The PRSUs vest if and to the extent that the Company's three-year cumulative operating adjusted net income per share attains certain specified goals. In addition, approximately  i 0.4 million RSUs were granted to certain executive officers and management of the Company. The RSUs are contingent upon continued employment and generally vest in  i three equal annual installments. The weighted average grant date fair value of the PRSUs and the RSUs was $ i  i 22.24 /  per share, which was determined using the closing price of the Company's common stock on the dates of grant.
KAR Auction Services, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan

We adopted the KAR Auction Services, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") in December 2009. The ESPP, which was approved by our stockholders, is designed to provide an incentive to attract, retain and reward eligible employees and is intended to qualify as an "employee stock purchase plan" under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. At the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders in June 2020, the stockholders approved an amendment to the ESPP. As a result, the maximum number of shares reserved for issuance under the ESPP was increased from  i 1.0 million to  i 2.5 million.
Share Repurchase Program
In October 2019, the board of directors authorized a repurchase of up to $ i 300 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock, par value $ i 0.01 per share, through October 30, 2021. Repurchases may be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations, including pursuant to repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). The timing and amount of any repurchases is subject to market and other conditions. This program does not oblige the Company to repurchase any dollar amount or any number of shares under the authorization, and the program may be suspended, discontinued or modified at any time, for any reason and without notice.  i No shares of common stock were repurchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we used the remaining $ i 119.7 million under the 2016 authorization to repurchase and retire  i 4,753,300 shares of common stock in the open market at a weighted average price of $ i 25.18 per share.
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KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)
Note 5— i Net Income from Continuing Operations Per Share
 i 
The following table sets forth the computation of net income from continuing operations per share (in millions except per share amounts):
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2020201920202019
Net income from continuing operations$ i 47.1 $ i 34.4 $ i 17.6 $ i 77.1 
Series A Preferred Stock dividends( i 9.7) i  ( i 11.8) i  
Net income attributable to participating securities( i 7.4) i   i   i  
Net income attributable to common stockholders$ i 30.0 $ i 34.4 $ i 5.8 $ i 77.1 
Weighted average common shares outstanding i 129.3  i 131.2  i 129.2  i 132.5 
Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock awards i 0.7  i 1.2  i 0.8  i 1.3 
Weighted average common shares outstanding and potential common shares i 130.0  i 132.4  i 130.0  i 133.8 
Net income from continuing operations per share 
Basic$ i 0.23 $ i 0.26 $ i 0.04 $ i 0.58 
Diluted$ i 0.23 $ i 0.26 $ i 0.04 $ i 0.58 
 / 
For periods prior to June 30, 2020, basic net income from continuing operations per share was calculated by dividing net income from continuing operations by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares for the period. Diluted net income from continuing operations per share was calculated consistent with basic net income from continuing operations per share including the effect of dilutive unissued common shares related to our stock-based employee compensation program. The effect of stock options and restricted stock on net income from continuing operations per share-diluted is determined through the application of the treasury stock method, whereby net proceeds received by the Company based on assumed exercises are hypothetically used to repurchase our common stock at the average market price during the period. As a result of the spin-off, there are IAA employees who hold KAR equity awards included in the calculation. Stock options that would have an anti-dilutive effect on net income from continuing operations per diluted share and PRSUs subject to performance conditions which have not yet been satisfied are excluded from the calculations.  i  i  i  i No /  /  /  options were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income from continuing operations per share for each of the three or nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. In addition, approximately  i 0.4 million and  i 0.3 million PRSUs were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income from continuing operations per share for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and approximately  i 0.4 million and  i 0.3 million PRSUs were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income from continuing operations per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Total options outstanding at September 30, 2020 and 2019 were  i 0.7 million and  i 0.8 million, respectively.
Beginning with the quarter ended June 30, 2020, the Company also includes participating securities (Series A Preferred Stock) in the computation of net income from continuing operations per share pursuant to the two-class method. The two-class method of calculating net income from continuing operations per share is an allocation method that calculates earnings per share for common stock and participating securities. Under the two-class method, total dividends provided to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities are subtracted from net income from continuing operations in determining net income attributable to common stockholders. During periods of net loss from continuing operations, no effect is given to the participating securities because they do not share in the losses of the Company.

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KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)
Note 6— i Finance Receivables and Obligations Collateralized by Finance Receivables
AFC sells U.S. dollar denominated finance receivables on a revolving basis and without recourse to a wholly-owned, bankruptcy remote, consolidated, special purpose subsidiary ("AFC Funding Corporation"), established for the purpose of purchasing AFC's finance receivables. A securitization agreement allows for the revolving sale by AFC Funding Corporation to a group of bank purchasers of undivided interests in certain finance receivables subject to committed liquidity. AFC Funding Corporation had committed liquidity of $ i 1.60 billion for U.S. finance receivables at September 30, 2020.
In September 2020, AFC and AFC Funding Corporation entered into the Ninth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement (the "Receivables Purchase Agreement"). The Receivables Purchase Agreement decreased AFC Funding's U.S. committed liquidity from $ i 1.70 billion to $ i 1.60 billion and extended the facility's maturity date from January 28, 2022 to January 31, 2024. In addition, provisions designed to provide additional credit enhancement to the purchasers upon the occurrence of the certain events related to the payment rate and net spread on the receivables portfolio were added, certain portfolio performance metrics that could result in a requirement to increase the cash reserve or constitute a termination event were amended to the benefit of AFC Funding and provisions providing for a mechanism for determining an alternative rate of interest were added. We capitalized approximately $ i 12.3 million of costs in connection with the Receivables Purchase Agreement.
We also have an agreement for the securitization of Automotive Finance Canada Inc.'s ("AFCI") receivables. AFCI's committed facility is provided through a third-party conduit (separate from the U.S. facility) and was C$ i 175 million at September 30, 2020. In September 2020, AFCI entered into the Fifth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement (the "Canadian Receivable Purchase Agreement"). The Canadian Receivables Purchase Agreement extended the facility's maturity date from January 28, 2022 to January 31, 2024. In addition, provisions designed to provide additional credit enhancement to the purchasers upon the occurrence of the certain events related to the payment rate and net spread on the receivables portfolio were added, certain portfolio performance metrics that could result in a requirement to increase the cash reserve or constitute a termination event were amended to the benefit of AFC Funding and provisions providing for a mechanism for determining an alternative rate of interest were added. We capitalized approximately $ i 1.0 million of costs in connection with the Canadian Receivables Purchase Agreement. The receivables sold pursuant to both the U.S. and Canadian securitization agreements are accounted for as secured borrowings.
 i 
The following tables present quantitative information about delinquencies, credit loss charge-offs less recoveries ("net credit losses") and components of securitized financial assets and other related assets managed. For purposes of this illustration, delinquent receivables are defined as receivables  i  i 31 /  days or more past due.
 September 30, 2020Net Credit Losses
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2020
Net Credit Losses
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020
 Total Amount of:
(in millions)ReceivablesReceivables
Delinquent
Floorplan receivables$ i 1,728.9 $ i 22.6 $ i  $ i 33.9 
Other loans i 15.9  i   i   i  
Total receivables managed$ i 1,744.8 $ i 22.6 $ i  $ i 33.9 

 December 31, 2019Net Credit Losses
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2019
Net Credit Losses
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019
 Total Amount of:
(in millions)ReceivablesReceivables
Delinquent
Floorplan receivables$ i 2,099.4 $ i 28.8 $ i 8.6 $ i 24.7 
Other loans i 15.8  i   i   i  
Total receivables managed$ i 2,115.2 $ i 28.8 $ i 8.6 $ i 24.7 
 / 

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KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)
 i 
The following is a summary of the changes in the allowance for credit losses related to finance receivables (in millions):
 September 30,
2020
September 30,
2019
Allowance for Credit Losses 
Balance at December 31$ i 15.0 $ i 14.0 
Opening balance adjustment for adoption of ASC Topic 326 i 5.0  i  
Provision for credit losses i 35.9  i 25.5 
Recoveries i 8.0  i 5.7 
Less charge-offs( i 41.9)( i 30.4)
Balance at September 30$ i 22.0 $ i 14.8 
 / 
As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $ i 1,688.0 million and $ i 2,061.6 million, respectively, of finance receivables and a cash reserve of  i  i 1 /  or  i  i 3 /  percent of the obligations collateralized by finance receivables served as security for the obligations collateralized by finance receivables. The amount of the cash reserve depends on circumstances which are set forth in the securitization agreements.  i Obligations collateralized by finance receivables consisted of the following:
September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Obligations collateralized by finance receivables, gross$ i 1,124.2 $ i 1,474.4 
Unamortized securitization issuance costs( i 23.2)( i 13.2)
Obligations collateralized by finance receivables$ i 1,101.0 $ i 1,461.2 
Proceeds from the revolving sale of receivables to the bank facilities are used to fund new loans to customers. AFC, AFC Funding Corporation and AFCI must maintain certain financial covenants including, among others, limits on the amount of debt AFC and AFCI can incur, minimum levels of tangible net worth, and other covenants tied to the performance of the finance receivables portfolio. The securitization agreements also incorporate the financial covenants of our Credit Facility. At September 30, 2020, we were in compliance with the covenants in the securitization agreements.
Note 7— i Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 i 
Goodwill consisted of the following at September 30, 2020 (in millions):
ADESA
Auctions
AFCTotal
Balance at December 31, 2019$ i 1,558.0 $ i 263.7 $ i 1,821.7 
Impairment( i 25.5) i  ( i 25.5)
Other i 2.0  i   i 2.0 
Balance at September 30, 2020$ i 1,534.5 $ i 263.7 $ i 1,798.2 
 / 

Goodwill represents the excess cost over fair value of identifiable net assets of businesses acquired. The Company tests goodwill and tradenames for impairment at the reporting unit level annually in the second quarter, or more frequently as impairment indicators arise. In light of the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the economy, forecasts for all reporting units were revised. These circumstances contributed to lower sales, operating profits and cash flows at ADESA Remarketing Limited through the first part of 2020 as compared to 2019, and the outlook for the business was significantly reduced. This analysis resulted in the impairment of the goodwill balance totaling $ i 25.5 million in our ADESA Remarketing Limited reporting unit and a non-cash goodwill impairment charge was recorded for this amount in the second quarter of 2020. The fair value of that reporting unit was estimated using the expected present value of future cash flows.

In addition, in the second quarter of 2020, a non-cash customer relationship impairment charge of approximately $ i 4.3 million was also recorded in the ADESA Remarketing Limited reporting unit, representing the impairment in the value of this reporting unit’s customer relationships. The fair value of the customer relationships was estimated using the expected present value of future cash flows.
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KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)

Goodwill and tradenames were tested for impairment in all of the Company's reporting units in the second quarter of 2020 and no impairment was identified, other than the impairments previously discussed in the ADESA Remarketing Limited reporting unit. Future events and changing market conditions, including the impact of COVID-19, may require us to re-evaluate the estimates used in our fair value measurements, which could result in additional impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets in future periods and could have a material effect on our operating results.
Note 8— i Long-Term Debt
 i 
Long-term debt consisted of the following (in millions):
 Interest Rate*MaturitySeptember 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Term Loan B-6 i Adjusted LIBOR+  i 2.25%September 19, 2026$ i 940.5 $ i 947.6 
Revolving Credit Facility i Adjusted LIBOR+  i 1.75%September 19, 2024 i   i  
Senior notes i 5.125%June 1, 2025 i 950.0  i 950.0 
European lines of credit i Euribor+  i 1.25%Repayable upon demand i 16.9  i 19.3 
Total debt   i 1,907.4  i 1,916.9 
Unamortized debt issuance costs/discounts ( i 26.2)( i 26.8)
Current portion of long-term debt  ( i 26.4)( i 28.8)
Long-term debt  $ i 1,854.8 $ i 1,861.3 
 / 
*The interest rates presented in the table above represent the rates in place at September 30, 2020.
Credit Facilities
On September 2, 2020, we entered into the Fifth Amendment Agreement (the "Fifth Amendment") to the Credit Agreement. The Fifth Amendment (1) eliminates the financial covenant “holiday” provided by the Fourth Amendment Agreement, dated as of May 29, 2020 (the “Fourth Amendment”); (2) eliminates the changes to the calculation of Consolidated EBITDA for the purposes of the financial covenant compliance for the fiscal quarters ending September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2021, as provided by the Fourth Amendment; (3) removes the monthly minimum liquidity covenant provided by the Fourth Amendment; and (4) eliminates the limitations imposed by the Fourth Amendment on the Company’s ability to make certain investments, junior debt repayments, acquisitions and restricted payments and to incur additional secured indebtedness.
On May 29, 2020, we entered into the Fourth Amendment to the Credit Agreement. The Fourth Amendment (1) provided a financial covenant “holiday” through and including June 30, 2021; (2) for purposes of determining compliance with the financial covenant for the fiscal quarters ending September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2021, permits the Consolidated EBITDA for the applicable test period to be calculated on an annualized basis, excluding results prior to April 1, 2021; (3) established a monthly minimum liquidity covenant of $ i 225.0 million through and including September 30, 2021; and (4) effectively placed certain limitations on the ability to make certain investments, junior debt repayments, acquisitions and restricted payments and to incur additional secured indebtedness until October 1, 2021.
On September 19, 2019, we entered into the Third Amendment Agreement (the "Third Amendment") to the Credit Agreement. The Third Amendment provided for, among other things, (1) the refinancing of the existing Term Loan B-4 and Term Loan B-5 with the new seven-year, $ i 950 million Term Loan B-6, (2) repayment of the 2017 Revolving Credit Facility and (3) the $ i 325 million, five-year Revolving Credit Facility.
The Credit Facility is available for letters of credit, working capital, permitted acquisitions and general corporate purposes. The Revolving Credit Facility also includes a $ i 50 million sub-limit for issuance of letters of credit and a $ i 60 million sub-limit for swingline loans. The Company also pays a commitment fee between 25 to 35 basis points, payable  i quarterly, on the average daily unused amount of the Revolving Facility based on the Company’s Consolidated Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio, from time to time. The interest rate applicable to Term Loan B-6 was  i 2.44% at September 30, 2020.
The obligations of the Company under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by certain of our domestic subsidiaries (the "Subsidiary Guarantors") and are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors, including, but not limited to: (a) pledges of and first priority perfected security interests in  i 100% of the equity interests of
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Table of Contents
KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)
certain of the Company's and the Subsidiary Guarantors' domestic subsidiaries and  i 65% of the equity interests of certain of the Company's and the Subsidiary Guarantors' first tier foreign subsidiaries and (b) perfected first priority security interests in substantially all other tangible and intangible assets of the Company and each Subsidiary Guarantor, subject to certain exceptions. The Credit Agreement contains affirmative and negative covenants that we believe are usual and customary for a senior secured credit agreement. The negative covenants include, among other things, limitations on asset sales, mergers and acquisitions, indebtedness, liens, dividends, investments and transactions with our affiliates. The Credit Agreement also requires us to maintain a Consolidated Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement), not to exceed  i 3.5 as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, provided there are revolving loans outstanding. We were in compliance with the applicable covenants in the Credit Agreement at September 30, 2020.
There were  i  i no /  borrowings on the Revolving Credit Facility at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. In addition, we had related outstanding letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $ i 25.4 million and $ i 27.4 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which reduce the amount available for borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility.
European Lines of Credit

COTW has lines of credit aggregating $ i 35.2 million (€ i 30 million). The lines of credit had an aggregate $ i 16.9 million of borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2020. The lines of credit are secured by certain inventory and receivables at COTW subsidiaries.

Fair Value of Debt
As of September 30, 2020, the estimated fair value of our long-term debt amounted to $ i 1,869.8 million. The estimates of fair value were based on broker-dealer quotes for our debt as of September 30, 2020. The estimates presented on long-term financial instruments are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that would be realized in a current market exchange.
Note 9— i Derivatives
We are exposed to interest rate risk on our variable rate borrowings. Accordingly, interest rate fluctuations affect the amount of interest expense we are obligated to pay. We use interest rate derivatives with the objective of managing exposure to interest rate movements, thereby reducing the effect of interest rate changes and the effect they could have on future cash flows. Currently, interest rate swap agreements are used to accomplish this objective.
In January 2020, we entered into  i three pay-fixed interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $ i 500 million to swap variable rate interest payments under our term loan for fixed interest payments bearing a weighted average interest rate of  i 1.44%, for a total interest rate of  i 3.69%. The interest rate swaps have a five-year term, each maturing on January 23, 2025.
We have designated the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps (unrealized gains/losses) are recorded as a component of "Accumulated other comprehensive income." For the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded an unrealized gain on the interest rate swaps of $ i 1.0 million, net of tax of $ i 0.3 million, and, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded an unrealized loss on the interest rate swaps of $ i 21.6 million, net of tax of $ i 7.0 million. The Company does not expect any gains/losses currently recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income to be recognized in earnings over the next 12 months. The earnings impact of the interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges is recorded upon the recognition of the interest related to the hedged debt.  i No amount of ineffectiveness was included in net income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
When derivatives are used, we are exposed to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the counterparties; however, non-performance is not anticipated. ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, requires companies to recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the balance sheet. The fair values of the interest rate derivatives are based on quoted market prices for similar instruments from commercial banks (based on significant observable inputs - Level 2 inputs).  i The following table presents the fair value of our interest rate derivatives included in the consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented (in millions):
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Table of Contents
KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)
Liability Derivatives
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Derivatives Designated as Hedging InstrumentsBalance Sheet LocationFair ValueBalance Sheet LocationFair Value
2020 Interest rate swapsOther liabilities$ i 28.6 N/AN/A
We did not designate any of the 2017 interest rate caps as hedges for accounting purposes. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of the interest rate caps were recognized as "Interest expense" in the consolidated statement of income.  i The following table presents the effect of the interest rate derivatives on our consolidated statements of income for the periods presented (in millions):
Location of Gain / (Loss) Recognized in Income on DerivativesAmount of Gain / (Loss)
Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020201920202019
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
2020 Interest rate swapsInterest expense$ i  N/A$ i  N/A
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
2017 Interest rate capsInterest expenseN/A$ i  N/A$( i 0.9)
Note 10— i Convertible Preferred Stock
In June 2020, KAR completed the issuance and sale of an aggregate of  i 550,000 shares of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $ i 0.01 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), in two closings at a purchase price of $ i 1,000 per share (for the second closing, plus accumulated dividends from and including the first closing date to but excluding June 29, 2020) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $ i 550 million to an affiliate of Ignition Parent LP (“Apax”) and an affiliate of Periphas Capital GP, LLC (“Periphas”).

The Company has authorized  i 1,500,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock. The Series A Preferred Stock ranks senior to the shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $ i 0.01 per share, with respect to dividend rights and rights on the distribution of assets on any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company. The Series A Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference of $ i 1,000 per share. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to a cumulative dividend at the rate of  i 7% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears. Dividends are payable in kind through the issuance of additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock for the first  i eight dividend payments, and thereafter, in cash or in kind, or in any combination of both, at the option of the Company. As of September 30, 2020, the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock had received dividends in kind with a value in the aggregate of approximately $ i 11.8 million. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are also entitled to participate in dividends declared or paid on our common stock on an as-converted basis.

The Series A Preferred Stock will be convertible at the option of the holders thereof at any time after  i one year into shares of common stock at a conversion price of $ i 17.75 per share of Series A Preferred Stock and a conversion rate of  i 56.3380 shares of common stock per share of Series A Preferred Stock, subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments. At any time after  i three years, if the closing price of the common stock exceeds $ i 31.0625 per share, as may be adjusted pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, for at least  i 20 trading days in any period of  i 30 consecutive trading days, at the election of the Company, all or any portion of the Series A Preferred Stock will be convertible into the relevant number of shares of common stock.

The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to vote with the holders of the Company's common stock as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of the holders of the Company's common stock.

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Table of Contents
KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)
At any time after  i six years, the Company may redeem some or all of the Series A Preferred Stock for a per share amount in cash equal to: (i) the sum of (x) the liquidation preference thereof, plus (y) all accrued and unpaid dividends, multiplied by (ii) (A)  i 105% if the redemption occurs at any time after the six-year anniversary of June 10, 2020 (the "Initial Closing Date") and prior to the seven-year anniversary of the Initial Closing Date or (B)  i 100% if the redemption occurs after the seven-year anniversary of the Initial Closing Date.

Upon certain change of control events involving the Company, and subject to certain limitations set forth in the Certificate of Designations, each holder of the Series A Preferred Stock will either (i) receive such number of shares of common stock into which such holder is entitled to convert all or a portion of such holder’s shares of Series A Preferred Stock at the then current conversion price, (ii) receive, in respect of all or a portion of such holder’s shares of Series A Preferred Stock, the greater of (x) the amount per share of Series A Preferred Stock that such holder would have received had such holder, immediately prior to such change of control, converted such share of Series A Preferred Stock into common stock and (y) a purchase price per share of Series A Preferred Stock, payable in cash, equal to the product of (A)  i 105% multiplied by (B) the sum of the liquidation preference and accrued dividends with respect to such share of Series A Preferred Stock, or (iii) unless the consideration in such change of control event is payable entirely in cash, retain all or a portion of such holder’s shares of Series A Preferred Stock.

For so long as Apax or its affiliates beneficially own a certain percentage of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock purchased in the Apax issuance on an as-converted basis, Apax will continue to have the right to appoint one individual to the board of directors. Additionally, so long as Apax or its affiliates beneficially own a certain percentage of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock purchased in the Apax issuance on an as-converted basis, Apax will have the right to appoint one non-voting observer to the board of directors. Likewise, so long as Periphas beneficially owns a certain percentage of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock purchased in the Periphas issuance on an as-converted basis, Periphas will have the right to appoint one non-voting observer to the board of directors.

Apax is subject to certain standstill restrictions, until the later of  i three years and the date on which Apax no longer owns  i 25% of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock purchased in the Apax issuance on an as-converted basis. Periphas is also subject to certain standstill restrictions, until the later of  i three years and the date on which Periphas no longer owns  i 50% of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock purchased in the Periphas issuance on an as-converted basis. Subject to certain customary exceptions, Apax and Periphas are restricted from transferring the Series A Preferred Stock for one year.

Apax, its affiliates and Periphas have certain customary registration rights with respect to shares of the Series A Preferred Stock and the shares of the common stock held by it issued upon any future conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock.
Note 11— i Commitments and Contingencies
We are involved in litigation and disputes arising in the ordinary course of business, such as actions related to injuries; property damage; handling, storage or disposal of vehicles; environmental laws and regulations; and other litigation incidental to the business such as employment matters and dealer disputes. Management considers the likelihood of loss or the incurrence of a liability, as well as the ability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss, in determining loss contingencies. We accrue an estimated loss contingency when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss (or range of possible losses) can be reasonably estimated. Management regularly evaluates current information available to determine whether accrual amounts should be adjusted. Accruals for contingencies including litigation and environmental matters are included in "Other accrued expenses" at undiscounted amounts and exclude claims for recoveries from insurance or other third parties. These accruals are adjusted periodically as assessment and remediation efforts progress, or as additional technical or legal information becomes available. If the amount of an actual loss is greater than the amount accrued, this could have an adverse impact on our operating results in that period. Such matters are generally not, in the opinion of management, likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Legal fees are expensed as incurred. There has been  i no significant change in the legal and regulatory proceedings related to continuing operations which were disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
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KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)
Note 12— i Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 i 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss consisted of the following (in millions):
 September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Foreign currency translation loss$( i 38.3)$( i 31.0)
Unrealized loss on interest rate derivatives, net of tax( i 21.6) i  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss$( i 59.9)$( i 31.0)
 / 

Note 13— i Segment Information
ASC 280, Segment Reporting, requires reporting of segment information that is consistent with the manner in which the chief operating decision maker operates and views the Company. Our operations are grouped into  i two operating segments: ADESA Auctions and AFC, which also serve as our reportable business segments. These reportable business segments offer different services and have fundamental differences in their operations. Results of the former IAA segment and spin-related costs are reported as discontinued operations (see Note 3).
The holding company is maintained separately from the reportable segments and includes expenses associated with the corporate offices, such as salaries, benefits and travel costs for the corporate management team, certain human resources, information technology and accounting costs, and certain insurance, treasury, legal and risk management costs. Holding company interest expense includes the interest expense incurred on finance leases and the corporate debt structure. Intercompany charges relate primarily to interest on intercompany debt or receivables and certain administrative costs allocated by the holding company.
 i 
Financial information regarding our reportable segments is set forth below as of and for the three months ended September 30, 2020 (in millions):
ADESA
Auctions
AFCHolding
Company
Consolidated
Operating revenues$ i 526.7 $ i 66.9 $ i  $ i 593.6 
Operating expenses    
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) i 309.4  i 20.3  i   i 329.7 
Selling, general and administrative i 97.7  i 5.9  i 27.4  i 131.0 
Depreciation and amortization           i 38.2  i 2.5  i 5.8  i 46.5 
Total operating expenses i 445.3  i 28.7  i 33.2  i 507.2 
Operating profit (loss) i 81.4  i 38.2 ( i 33.2) i 86.4 
Interest expense i 0.8  i 7.5  i 21.2  i 29.5 
Other (income) expense, net( i 1.7) i   i 0.6 ( i 1.1)
Intercompany expense (income)( i 13.9) i   i 13.9  i  
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes i 96.2  i 30.7 ( i 68.9) i 58.0 
Income taxes i 26.0  i 4.3 ( i 19.4) i 10.9 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations$ i 70.2 $ i 26.4 $( i 49.5)$ i 47.1 
Total assets$ i 3,559.7 $ i 2,166.6 $ i 1,183.6 $ i 6,909.9 
 / 
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KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)
Financial information regarding our reportable segments is set forth below as of and for the three months ended September 30, 2019 (in millions):
ADESA
Auctions
AFCHolding
Company
Consolidated
Operating revenues$ i 613.6 $ i 88.3 $ i  $ i 701.9 
Operating expenses    
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) i 386.2  i 24.7  i   i 410.9 
Selling, general and administrative i 121.7  i 5.9  i 31.3  i 158.9 
Depreciation and amortization           i 37.2  i 2.6  i 6.6  i 46.4 
Total operating expenses i 545.1  i 33.2  i 37.9  i 616.2 
Operating profit (loss) i 68.5  i 55.1 ( i 37.9) i 85.7 
Interest expense i 1.1  i 15.7  i 21.1  i 37.9 
Other (income) expense, net( i 1.3)( i 0.1)( i 0.6)( i 2.0)
Loss on extinguishment of debt i   i   i 2.2  i 2.2 
Intercompany expense (income) i 6.0 ( i 1.3)( i 4.7) i  
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes i 62.7  i 40.8 ( i 55.9) i 47.6 
Income taxes i 16.3  i 10.1 ( i 13.2) i 13.2 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations$ i 46.4 $ i 30.7 $( i 42.7)$ i 34.4 
Total assets$ i 3,713.9 $ i 2,505.5 $ i 360.3 $ i 6,579.7 
Financial information regarding our reportable segments is set forth below for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (in millions):
ADESA
Auctions
AFCHolding
Company
Consolidated
Operating revenues$ i 1,455.9 $ i 202.2 $ i  $ i 1,658.1 
Operating expenses 
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) i 897.3  i 62.1  i   i 959.4 
Selling, general and administrative i 300.0  i 18.0  i 87.7  i 405.7 
Depreciation and amortization           i 115.5  i 7.8  i 17.4  i 140.7 
  Goodwill and other intangibles impairment i 29.8  i   i   i 29.8 
Total operating expenses i 1,342.6  i 87.9  i 105.1  i 1,535.6 
Operating profit (loss) i 113.3  i 114.3 ( i 105.1) i 122.5 
Interest expense i 2.3  i 30.3  i 65.8  i 98.4 
Other (income) expense, net( i 3.0)( i 0.1) i 1.3 ( i 1.8)
Intercompany expense (income)( i 13.2)( i 0.9) i 14.1  i  
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes i 127.2  i 85.0 ( i 186.3) i 25.9 
Income taxes i 37.3  i 18.0 ( i 47.0) i 8.3 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations$ i 89.9 $ i 67.0 $( i 139.3)$ i 17.6 
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KAR Auction Services, Inc.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)
Financial information regarding our reportable segments is set forth below for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 (in millions):
ADESA
Auctions
AFCHolding
Company
Consolidated
Operating revenues$ i 1,845.7 $ i 264.9 $ i  $ i 2,110.6 
Operating expenses 
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) i 1,149.8  i 72.4  i   i 1,222.2 
Selling, general and administrative i 370.2  i 19.5  i 107.6  i 497.3 
Depreciation and amortization           i 110.2  i 7.6  i 20.8  i 138.6 
Total operating expenses i 1,630.2  i 99.5  i 128.4  i 1,858.1 
Operating profit (loss) i 215.5  i 165.4 ( i 128.4) i 252.5 
Interest expense i 2.8  i 49.0  i 98.2  i 150.0 
Other (income) expense, net( i 4.5)( i 0.3)( i 0.4)( i 5.2)
Loss on extinguishment of debt i   i   i 2.2  i 2.2 
Intercompany expense (income) i 23.9 ( i 4.1)( i 19.8) i  
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes i 193.3  i 120.8 ( i 208.6) i 105.5 
Income taxes i 54.0  i 32.2 ( i 57.8) i 28.4 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations$ i 139.3 $ i 88.6 $( i 150.8)$ i 77.1 
Geographic Information
Our foreign operations include Canada, Mexico, Continental Europe and the U.K. Most of our operations outside the U.S. are in Canada. Approximately  i 57% and  i 59% of our foreign operating revenues were from Canada for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and approximately  i 60% and  i 64% of our foreign operating revenues were from Canada for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.  i Information regarding the geographic areas of our operations is set forth below (in millions):
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2020201920202019
Operating revenues  
U.S. $ i 456.1 $ i 565.6 $ i 1,321.5 $ i 1,726.4 
Foreign i 137.5  i 136.3  i 336.6  i 384.2 
$ i 593.6 $ i 701.9 $ i 1,658.1 $ i 2,110.6 
Note 14— i Subsequent Event
In October 2020, a subsidiary of ADESA signed a definitive agreement to sell all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of PWI Holdings, Inc., the Company's extended vehicle service contract business ("PWI"), to certain subsidiaries of Kingsway Financial Services Inc. for a purchase price of approximately $ i 24.5 million (subject to customary adjustments). The closing of the transaction is subject to customary conditions, including legal and regulatory approvals, and is expected to be completed by year-end.
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Item 2.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and which are subject to certain risks, trends and uncertainties. In particular, statements made in this report on Form 10-Q that are not historical facts (including, but not limited to, expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections regarding the industry, business, future operating results, potential acquisitions and anticipated cash requirements) may be forward-looking statements. Words such as "should," "may," "will," "anticipates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "believes," "seeks," "estimates" and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Such statements, including statements regarding the impact of COVID-19; our future growth; anticipated cost savings, revenue increases, credit losses and capital expenditures; dividend declarations and payments; common stock repurchases; tax rates and assumptions; strategic initiatives, greenfields and acquisitions; our competitive position and retention of customers; and our continued investment in information technology, are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected, expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Item 1A "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed on February 19, 2020. Some of these factors include:
the evolving impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and the economy generally;
our ability to effectively maintain or update information and technology systems;
our ability to implement and maintain measures to protect against cyber-attacks;
significant current competition and the introduction of new competitors;
competitive pricing pressures;
our ability to successfully implement our business strategies or realize expected cost savings and revenue enhancements;
our ability to meet or exceed customers' expectations, as well as develop and implement information systems responsive to customer needs;
business development activities, including greenfields, acquisitions and integration of acquired businesses;
costs associated with the acquisition of businesses or technologies;
fluctuations in consumer demand for and in the supply of used, leased and salvage vehicles and the resulting impact on auction sales volumes, conversion rates and loan transaction volumes;
any losses of key personnel;
our ability to obtain land or renew/enter into new leases at commercially reasonable rates;
decreases in the number of used vehicles sold at physical auctions;
changes in the market value of vehicles auctioned;
trends in new and used vehicle sales and incentives, including wholesale used vehicle pricing;
the ability of consumers to lease or finance the purchase of new and/or used vehicles;
the ability to recover or collect from delinquent or bankrupt customers;
economic conditions including fuel prices, commodity prices, foreign exchange rates and interest rate fluctuations;
trends in the vehicle remarketing industry;
trends in the number of commercial vehicles being brought to auction, in particular off-lease volumes;
changes in the volume of vehicle production, including capacity reductions at the major original equipment manufacturers;
laws, regulations and industry standards, including changes in regulations governing the sale of used vehicles and commercial lending activities;
our ability to maintain our brand and protect our intellectual property;
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the costs of environmental compliance and/or the imposition of liabilities under environmental laws and regulations;
weather, including increased expenses as a result of catastrophic events;
general business conditions;
our substantial amount of debt;
restrictive covenants in our debt agreements;
our assumption of the settlement risk for vehicles sold;
litigation developments;
our self-insurance for certain risks;
interruptions to service from our workforce;
any impairment to our goodwill or other intangible assets;
changes in effective tax rates;
the taxable nature of the spin-off of our former salvage auction business;
changes to accounting standards; and
other risks described from time to time in our filings with the SEC.
Many of these risk factors are outside of our control, and as such, they involve risks which are not currently known that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed or implied herein. The forward-looking statements in this document are made as of the date on which they are made and we do not undertake to update our forward-looking statements.
Our future growth depends on a variety of factors, including our ability to increase vehicle sold volumes and loan transaction volumes, expand our product and service offerings, including information systems development, acquire and integrate additional business entities, manage expansion, control costs in our operations, introduce fee increases, and retain our executive officers and key employees. We cannot predict whether our growth strategy will be successful. In addition, we cannot predict what portion of overall sales will be conducted through online auctions or other remarketing methods in the future and what impact this may have on our auction business.
Impact of COVID-19

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization ("WHO") designated COVID-19 as a pandemic. Governments around the world have mandated, and continue to introduce, numerous and varying measures to slow the spread of COVID-19, including travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, curfews, shelter-in-place and safer-at-home orders, business shutdowns and closures, and have also implemented multi-phase plans with the goal of re-opening their respective jurisdictions. Certain jurisdictions began easing restrictions only to return to tighter restrictions in the face of increases in new COVID-19 cases. The COVID-19 pandemic and the related preventative measures taken to help slow the spread have caused, and may continue to cause, significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption.

In response to these measures and for the protection of our employees and customers, on March 20, 2020 we temporarily suspended physical sale operations, including Simulcast-only sales, across North America. We began operating Simulcast-only sales in select markets on April 6, 2020 and expanded the Simulcast-only sales each week, where possible and as permitted by government directives. We also held Simulcast+ auctions at select locations, a fully digital auction operated remotely with an automated auctioneer, sequential sales, audio and visual cues to simulate the live auction experience and all buyers and sellers interacting virtually through the Simulcast platform.

All ADESA auction locations in the U.S. and Canada are offering vehicles for sale via ADESA Simulcast, DealerBlock and Simulcast+. Auction locations have resumed offering ancillary and related services, where possible and as permitted by government directives. Given the evolving health, economic, social and governmental environments, the potential impact that COVID-19 could have on our business remains uncertain.

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As a result, we proactively took a number of significant steps to help secure our business and preserve available cash during the second and third quarters of 2020, including but not limited to reducing our compensation expense (including a reduction of base salaries across many levels of the organization, including the elimination of base salaries for our CEO, CFO and President and 50% reduction of base salaries for our other executive officers during the second quarter, furloughs and a reduction in force, among others), prohibiting non-essential business travel, suspending non-essential services provided by certain third parties at our locations, delaying or canceling capital projects at our physical auction locations and suspending the Company's quarterly dividend.

In addition, in June 2020 we issued and sold an aggregate of 550,000 shares of newly issued perpetual convertible preferred stock of the Company for net proceeds of approximately $528.2 million, as described in Note 10, "Convertible Preferred Stock."
We have also taken advantage of legislation introduced to assist companies during this time. In the second and third quarters of 2020, we recorded a total of approximately $8.3 million of employee retention credits taken under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") and approximately $14.3 million under the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy. These credits partially offset salaries and medical costs recorded in the U.S. and Canada. We will continue to monitor and assess the impact the CARES Act and similar legislation in other countries may have on our business and financial results.
While we have developed and implemented and continue to develop and implement health and safety protocols, business continuity plans and crisis management protocols in an effort to try to mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19 to our employees, customers and our business, the extent of the impact of the pandemic on our business and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we are not able to accurately predict.
The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak impacts our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Even after the COVID-19 outbreak has subsided, we may continue to experience materially adverse impacts to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including any economic downturn or recession that has occurred or may occur in the future.
Overview
We provide whole car auction services in North America and Europe. Our business is divided into two reportable business segments, each of which is an integral part of the vehicle remarketing industry: ADESA Auctions and AFC.
The ADESA Auctions segment serves a domestic and international customer base through online auctions and it provides services from 74 facilities in North America that are developed and strategically located to draw professional sellers and buyers together and allow the buyers to inspect and compare vehicles remotely or in person. Through ADESA.com, ADESA offers comprehensive private label remarketing solutions to automobile manufacturers, captive finance companies and other institutions to offer vehicles via the Internet prior to arrival at the physical auction. Vehicles sold on ADESA's digital platforms are typically sold by commercial fleet operators, financial institutions, rental car companies, new and used vehicle dealers and vehicle manufacturers and their captive finance companies to franchise and independent used vehicle dealers. ADESA also provides value-added ancillary services including inbound and outbound transportation logistics, reconditioning, vehicle inspection and certification, titling, administrative and collateral recovery services. ADESA also includes TradeRev, an online automotive remarketing platform where dealers can launch and participate in real-time vehicle auctions at any time, ADESA Remarketing Limited, an online whole car vehicle remarketing business in the United Kingdom and ADESA Europe (formerly known as CarsOnTheWeb), an online wholesale vehicle auction marketplace in Continental Europe.
The AFC segment provides short-term, inventory-secured financing, known as floorplan financing, primarily to independent used vehicle dealers. At September 30, 2020, AFC conducted business at 119 locations in the United States and Canada. The Company also sells vehicle service contracts through PWI.
The holding company is maintained separately from the reportable segments and includes expenses associated with the corporate offices, such as salaries, benefits and travel costs for our management team, certain human resources, information technology and accounting costs, and certain insurance, treasury, legal and risk management costs. Holding company interest expense includes the interest expense incurred on finance leases and the corporate debt structure. Intercompany charges relate primarily to interest on intercompany debt or receivables and certain administrative costs allocated by the holding company.
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Industry Trends
Whole Car
Used vehicles sold in North America through whole car auctions, including online only volumes and mobile application volumes, were approximately 12.0 million and 11.5 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Data for the whole car auction industry is collected by the NAAA through an annual survey. The NAAA industry volumes collected by the annual survey do not include online only volumes or mobile application volumes (e.g. Openlane, TradeRev and their respective competitors), but we have included these volumes in our totals. In addition to the traditional whole car auction market and online only venues described above, mobile applications, such as TradeRev, may provide an opportunity to expand our total addressable market for whole car auctions by approximately 5 million units. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a material impact on the whole car auction industry and we are unable to estimate future volumes, but expect volumes in 2020 to be lower than in 2019.
Automotive Finance
AFC works with independent used vehicle dealers to improve their results by providing a comprehensive set of business and financial solutions that leverages its local branches, industry experience and scale, as well as KAR affiliations. AFC's North American dealer base was comprised of approximately 16,100 dealers in 2019, and loan transactions, which includes both loans paid off and loans curtailed, were approximately 1.8 million in 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on AFC and we are unable to estimate future loan transaction volumes, but expect volumes in 2020 to be lower than in 2019.
Key challenges for the independent used vehicle dealer include demand for used vehicles, disruptions in pricing of used vehicle inventory, lack of access to consumer financing and increased used car retail activity of franchise and public dealerships (most of which do not utilize AFC or its competitors for floorplan financing), as well as the ability to operate in locations experiencing pandemic shelter-in-place orders. These same challenges, to the extent they occur, could result in a material negative impact on AFC's results of operations. A significant decline in used vehicle sales would result in a decrease in consumer auto loan originations and an increased number of dealers defaulting on their loans. In addition, volatility in wholesale vehicle pricing impacts the value of recovered collateral on defaulted loans and the resulting severity of credit losses at AFC. As a result of reduced retail activity, wholesale used car pricing declined in April 2020, but rebounded thereafter. A decrease in wholesale used car pricing could lead to increased losses if dealers are unable to satisfy their obligations.
Seasonality
The volume of vehicles sold through our auctions generally fluctuates from quarter-to-quarter. This seasonality is caused by several factors including weather, the timing of used vehicles available for sale from selling customers, holidays and the seasonality of the retail market for used vehicles, which affects the demand side of the auction industry. Used vehicle auction volumes tend to decline during prolonged periods of winter weather conditions. As a result, revenues and operating expenses related to volume will fluctuate accordingly on a quarterly basis. The fourth calendar quarter typically experiences lower used vehicle auction volume as well as additional costs associated with the holidays and winter weather.
Sources of Revenues and Expenses
Our revenue is derived from auction fees and various on-premise and off-premise services, and from dealer financing fees, interest income and other service revenue at AFC. Although auction revenues primarily include the auction services and related fees, our related receivables and payables include the gross value of the vehicles sold.
Our operating expenses consist of cost of services, selling, general and administrative and depreciation and amortization. Cost of services is composed of payroll and related costs, subcontract services, the cost of vehicles purchased, supplies, insurance, property taxes, utilities, service contract claims, maintenance and lease expense related to the auction sites and loan offices. Cost of services excludes depreciation and amortization. Selling, general and administrative expenses are composed of payroll and related costs, sales and marketing, information technology services and professional fees.
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Results of Operations
Overview of Results of KAR Auction Services, Inc. for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:
 Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions except per share amounts)20202019
Revenues  
Auction fees and services revenue$440.5 $534.5 
Purchased vehicle sales86.2 79.1 
Finance-related revenue66.9 88.3 
Total revenues593.6 701.9 
Cost of services*329.7 410.9 
Gross profit*263.9 291.0 
Selling, general and administrative131.0 158.9 
Depreciation and amortization46.5 46.4 
Operating profit86.4 85.7 
Interest expense29.5 37.9 
Other income, net(1.1)(2.0)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 2.2 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes58.0 47.6 
Income taxes10.9 13.2 
Net income from continuing operations47.1 34.4 
Net income from discontinued operations 0.9 
Net income$47.1 $35.3 
Net income from continuing operations per share  
Basic$0.23 $0.26 
Diluted$0.23 $0.26 

* Exclusive of depreciation and amortization
Overview
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, we had revenue of $593.6 million compared with revenue of $701.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of 15%. For a further discussion of revenues, gross profit and selling, general and administrative expenses, see the segment results discussions below.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization increased $0.1 million, or 0%, to $46.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $46.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019.
Interest Expense
Interest expense decreased $8.4 million, or 22%, to $29.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $37.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in the weighted average interest rate of approximately 1.3% offset by an increase of $326.9 million in the average outstanding balance of corporate debt for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2019, resulting from a net increase in term loan debt of approximately $0.5 billion in connection with the debt refinancing on September 19, 2019. In addition, there was a decrease in interest expense at AFC of $8.2 million, which resulted from a decrease in the average finance receivables balance and interest rates for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2019.
Loss on Extinguishment of Debt
In September 2019, we amended our Credit Agreement and recorded a $2.2 million pretax charge primarily resulting from the write-off of unamortized debt issue costs associated with Term Loan B-4 and Term Loan B-5.
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Income Taxes
We had an effective tax rate of 18.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with an effective tax rate of 27.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The 2020 rate was favorably impacted by the tax benefit from law changes, deductions related to stock-based compensation expenses and other discrete benefits.
Net Income from Discontinued Operations
On June 28, 2019, the Company completed the separation of its salvage auction business, IAA, through a spin-off, creating a new independent publicly traded salvage auction company. As such, the financial results of IAA have been accounted for as discontinued operations in the comparable 2019 results presented. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company's financial statements included income from discontinued operations of $0.0 million and $0.9 million, respectively.
Impact of Foreign Currency
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, fluctuations in the Canadian exchange rate decreased revenue by $0.7 million, operating profit by $0.3 million, net income by $0.2 million and had no impact on net income per diluted share. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, fluctuations in the European exchange rate increased revenue by $2.8 million, operating profit by $0.1 million, net income by $0.1 million and had no impact on net income per diluted share.
Impact of COVID-19 on Our Operations
The Company has been subject to numerous orders and directives that have impacted our ability to operate our business throughout North America and in Europe. As a result of restrictions on our operations, we have adjusted our business processes to meet the needs of our customers while complying with the various laws, regulations, mandates and directives in each individual market we operate. In many cases, we have had to limit the number of employees and customers within our physical locations at any given time and modify the delivery of services to our customers. However, we were able to make adjustments in our operations that have permitted us to improve performance.

New and used car retail activity was reduced to unprecedented levels in early April. Auto retail operations were required to temporarily close and supply and demand for used cars was disrupted. By mid-April, we were experiencing improved retail automobile sales and demand for used vehicle supply was beginning to improve. The Company was prepared to meet the needs of the wholesale used car marketplace with its technology-based auction platforms throughout North America and in Europe. The Company believes that certain changes made in its business processes that were necessitated by the COVID-19 outbreak are sustainable going forward. The Company has reduced the labor required to process wholesale auction transactions and reduced its selling, general and administrative expenses.  

In March 2020, the Company had over 15,000 active employees. In early April, the Company furloughed approximately 11,000 employees. Since early April, we have called back approximately 6,000 employees throughout the Company. We notified approximately 5,000 furloughed employees that changes in our business processes in the past few months have resulted in the elimination of their positions.
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ADESA Results
 Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per vehicle amounts)20202019
Auction fees and services revenue$440.5 $534.5 
Purchased vehicle sales86.2 79.1 
Total ADESA revenue526.7 613.6 
Cost of services*309.4 386.2 
Gross profit*217.3 227.4 
Selling, general and administrative97.7 121.7 
Depreciation and amortization38.2 37.2 
Operating profit$81.4 $68.5 
Vehicles sold871,000 957,000 
   Institutional vehicles sold in North America624,000 648,000 
   Dealer consignment vehicles sold in North America217,000 274,000 
   Vehicles sold in Europe30,000 35,000 
   Percentage of vehicles sold online100%59%
   Conversion rate at North American physical auction locations69.7%62.8%
Physical auction revenue per vehicle sold, excluding purchased vehicles$905 $893 
Online only revenue per vehicle sold, excluding purchased vehicles$161 $151 
Gross profit, excluding purchased vehicles49.3%42.5%

* Exclusive of depreciation and amortization
Revenue
Revenue from ADESA decreased $86.9 million, or 14%, to $526.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $613.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in revenue was the result of a decrease in the number of vehicles sold and a decrease in average revenue per vehicle sold due to the mix of vehicles sold. The decrease in revenue included the impact of a decrease in revenue of $0.7 million due to fluctuations in the Canadian exchange rate and an increase of $2.8 million due to fluctuations in the European exchange rate.
The decrease in vehicles sold was primarily attributable to a 4% decrease in institutional volume, including vehicles sold on our online only platform, as well as a 21% decrease in dealer consignment units sold for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2019. Online sales volume for ADESA represented 100% of the total vehicles sold in the third quarter of 2020, compared with approximately 59% in the third quarter of 2019. "Online sales" includes the following: (i) selling vehicles directly from a dealership or other interim storage location; (ii) online solutions that offer vehicles for sale while in transit to auction locations; (iii) vehicles sold on the TradeRev platform; (iv) vehicle sales in Europe, including units sold by COTW; (v) simultaneously broadcasting video and audio during the physical auctions to online bidders (ADESA Simulcast and Simulcast+); and (vi) bulletin-board or real-time online auctions (DealerBlock®). Online only sales, which do not include vehicles sold on ADESA Simulcast, Simulcast+ or DealerBlock, accounted for approximately 55% of ADESA's North American online sales volume. ADESA sold approximately 437,000 (including approximately 57,000 from TradeRev) and 396,000 (including approximately 47,000 from TradeRev) vehicles through its North American online only offerings in the third quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, dealer consignment vehicles represented approximately 26% of used vehicles sold and institutional vehicles represented approximately 74% of used vehicles sold. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, dealer consignment vehicles represented approximately 30% of used vehicles sold and institutional vehicles represented approximately 70% of used vehicles sold. The volume of vehicles sold at physical auction locations in the third quarter of 2020 decreased approximately 23% compared with the third quarter of 2019. The used vehicle conversion percentage at North American physical auction locations, calculated as the number of vehicles sold as a percentage of the number of vehicles entered for sale at our ADESA auctions, increased to 69.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with 62.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2019.
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For the three months ended September 30, 2020 we held all sales through digital marketplaces to protect the health and well-being of our workforce and customers. All vehicles were offered online, cars did not run across the block and we limited access to our physical locations to promote social distancing measures and help prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Physical auction revenue per vehicle sold increased $12, or 1%, to $905 for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $893 for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Physical auction revenue per vehicle sold includes revenue from seller and buyer auction fees and ancillary and other related services, which includes non-auction services and excludes the sale of purchased vehicles.
Online only auction revenue per vehicle sold increased $8 to $252 for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $244 for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in online only auction revenue per vehicle sold was attributable to increased revenue per vehicle for units sold on the TradeRev platform. In addition, the entire selling price of the purchased vehicles sold at auction is recorded as revenue ("Purchased vehicle sales"). Excluding purchased vehicle sales, online only revenue per vehicle would have been $161 and $151 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Gross Profit
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, gross profit for ADESA decreased $10.1 million, or 4%, to $217.3 million, compared with $227.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Gross profit for ADESA was 41.3% of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with 37.1% of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue increased for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2019 as we have taken measures to reduce expenses to help protect our business while our operations have been impacted by COVID-19, and vehicles sold online require less direct labor. In addition, our gross profit as a percentage of revenue is impacted by purchased vehicle sales. The entire selling and purchase price of the vehicle is recorded as revenue and cost of services for purchased vehicle sold. Excluding purchased vehicle sales, gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 49.3% and 42.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the ADESA segment decreased $24.0 million, or 20%, to $97.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $121.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to decreases in compensation expense of $10.3 million, marketing costs of $3.9 million, travel expenses of $3.8 million, supplies expense of $2.0 million, telecom costs of $1.9 million, bad debt expense of $1.9 million, other employee related expenses of $1.4 million and the recording of the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy and the Employee Retention Credit provided under the CARES Act of $2.3 million, partially offset by an increase in incentive-based compensation of $3.5 million.
AFC Results
 Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions except volumes and per loan amounts)20202019
Finance-related revenue 
Interest and fee income$55.8 $85.5 
Other revenue2.1 2.7 
Provision for credit losses (8.9)
Warranty contract revenue9.0 9.0 
Total AFC revenue66.9 88.3 
Cost of services*20.3 24.7 
Gross profit*46.6 63.6 
Selling, general and administrative5.9 5.9 
Depreciation and amortization2.5 2.6 
Operating profit$38.2 $55.1 
Loan transactions324,000 442,000 
Revenue per loan transaction, excluding "Warranty contract revenue"$179 $180 

* Exclusive of depreciation and amortization
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Revenue
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, AFC revenue decreased $21.4 million, or 24%, to $66.9 million, compared with $88.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in revenue was primarily the result of a 1% decrease in revenue per loan transaction and a 27% decrease in loan transactions.
Revenue per loan transaction, which includes both loans paid off and loans curtailed, decreased 1%, primarily as a result of decreases in interest yield, partially offset by an increase in average portfolio duration and loan values and a decrease in provision for credit losses for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Revenue per loan transaction excludes "Warranty contract revenue."
The provision for credit losses decreased to 0.0% of the average managed receivables for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from 1.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2019.
Gross Profit
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, gross profit for the AFC segment decreased $17.0 million to $46.6 million, or 69.7% of revenue, compared with $63.6 million, or 72.0% of revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in gross profit as a percent of revenue was primarily the result of a 24% decrease in revenue and an 18% decrease in cost of services. The decrease in cost of services was primarily the result of decreases in compensation expense of $2.6 million, PWI expenses of $1.0 million, lot audits of $0.7 million and other miscellaneous expenses aggregating $0.1 million.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses at AFC was $5.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
Holding Company Results
 Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)20202019
Selling, general and administrative$27.4 $31.3 
Depreciation and amortization5.8 6.6 
Operating loss$(33.2)$(37.9)
Selling, General and Administrative
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, selling, general and administrative expenses at the holding company decreased $3.9 million, or 12%, to $27.4 million, compared with $31.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily as a result of decreases in compensation expense of $3.5 million, professional fees of $1.2 million, stock-based compensation expense of $1.1 million, telecom costs of $0.8 million and travel expenses of $0.5 million, partially offset by increases in incentive-based compensation of $2.6 million and information technology costs of $0.6 million.
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Overview of Results of KAR Auction Services, Inc. for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions except per share amounts)20202019
Revenues  
Auction fees and services revenue$1,244.6 $1,629.5 
Purchased vehicle sales211.3 216.2 
Finance-related revenue202.2 264.9 
Total revenues1,658.1 2,110.6 
Cost of services*959.4 1,222.2 
Gross profit*698.7 888.4 
Selling, general and administrative405.7 497.3 
Depreciation and amortization140.7 138.6 
Goodwill and other intangibles impairment29.8 — 
Operating profit122.5 252.5 
Interest expense98.4 150.0 
Other income, net(1.8)(5.2)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 2.2 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes25.9 105.5 
Income taxes8.3 28.4 
Net income from continuing operations17.6 77.1 
Net income from discontinued operations 91.6 
Net income$17.6 $168.7 
Net income from continuing operations per share  
Basic$0.04 $0.58 
Diluted$0.04 $0.58 

* Exclusive of depreciation and amortization
Overview
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we had revenue of $1,658.1 million compared with revenue of $2,110.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of 21%. Businesses acquired in 2019 accounted for an increase in revenue of $18.3 million or 1% of revenue. For a further discussion of revenues, gross profit and selling, general and administrative expenses, see the segment results discussions below.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization increased $2.1 million, or 2%, to $140.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $138.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in depreciation and amortization was primarily the result of certain assets placed in service over the last twelve months and depreciation and amortization for the assets of businesses acquired in 2019.
Goodwill and Other Intangibles Impairment
In light of the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the economy, forecasts for all reporting units were revised. These circumstances contributed to lower sales, operating profits and cash flows at ADESA Remarketing Limited through the first part of 2020 as compared to 2019, and the outlook for the business was significantly reduced. This analysis resulted in the impairment of the goodwill balance totaling $25.5 million in our ADESA Remarketing Limited reporting unit and a non-cash goodwill impairment charge was recorded for this amount in the second quarter of 2020.

In addition, in the second quarter of 2020, a non-cash customer relationship impairment charge of approximately $4.3 million was also recorded in the ADESA Remarketing Limited reporting unit, representing the impairment in the value of this reporting unit’s customer relationships.
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Interest Expense
Interest expense decreased $51.6 million, or 34%, to $98.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $150.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in the weighted average interest rate of approximately 1.0% and a decrease of $478.0 million in the average outstanding balance of corporate debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2019, resulting from the pay down of debt of approximately $1.3 billion in connection with the spin-off of IAA on June 28, 2019 and a net increase in term loan debt of approximately $0.5 billion in connection with the debt refinancing on September 19, 2019. In addition, there was a decrease in interest expense at AFC of $18.7 million, which resulted from a decrease in the average finance receivables balance and interest rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Loss on Extinguishment of Debt
In September 2019, we amended our Credit Agreement and recorded a $2.2 million pretax charge primarily resulting from the write-off of unamortized debt issue costs associated with Term Loan B-4 and Term Loan B-5.
Income Taxes
We had an effective tax rate of 32.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with an effective tax rate of 26.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The 2020 rate was unfavorably impacted by the goodwill and other intangibles impairment charge for which no tax benefit has been recorded, as well as a greater proportion of higher taxed earnings. These were partially offset by the tax benefit from law changes, deductions related to stock-based compensation expenses and other discrete benefits.
Net Income from Discontinued Operations
On June 28, 2019, the Company completed the separation of its salvage auction business, IAA, through a spin-off, creating a new independent publicly traded salvage auction company. As such, the financial results of IAA have been accounted for as discontinued operations in the comparable 2019 results presented. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company's financial statements included income from discontinued operations of $0.0 million and $91.6 million, respectively. For a further discussion, reference Note 3 of the condensed notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Impact of Foreign Currency
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, fluctuations in the Canadian exchange rate decreased revenue by $2.1 million, operating profit by $0.6 million, net income by $0.3 million and net income per diluted share by less than $0.01. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, fluctuations in the European exchange rate increased revenue by $1.2 million and had no impact on operating profit, net income and net income per diluted share. In addition, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as a result of the goodwill and other intangibles impairment in the U.K., fluctuations in the British pound exchange rate decreased net income by $0.1 million.
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ADESA Results
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per vehicle amounts)20202019
Auction fees and services revenue$1,244.6 $1,629.5 
Purchased vehicle sales211.3 216.2 
Total ADESA revenue1,455.9 1,845.7 
Cost of services*897.3 1,149.8 
Gross profit*558.6 695.9 
Selling, general and administrative300.0 370.2 
Depreciation and amortization115.5 110.2 
Goodwill and other intangibles impairment29.8 — 
Operating profit$113.3 $215.5 
Vehicles sold2,381,000 2,897,000 
   Institutional vehicles sold in North America1,748,000 2,030,000 
   Dealer consignment vehicles sold in North America560,000 784,000 
   Vehicles sold in Europe73,000 83,000 
   Percentage of vehicles sold online84%58%
   Conversion rate at North American physical auction locations65.4%64.2%
Physical auction revenue per vehicle sold, excluding purchased vehicles$891 $883 
Online only revenue per vehicle sold, excluding purchased vehicles$159 $149 
Gross profit, excluding purchased vehicles44.9%42.6%

* Exclusive of depreciation and amortization
Revenue
Revenue from ADESA decreased $389.8 million, or 21%, to $1,455.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $1,845.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in revenue was the result of a decrease in the number of vehicles sold and a decrease in average revenue per vehicle sold due to the mix of vehicles sold. Businesses acquired in 2019 accounted for an increase in revenue of $18.3 million, of which approximately $12.7 million was included in "Purchased vehicle sales." The decrease in revenue included the impact of an increase in revenue of $1.2 million due to fluctuations in the European exchange rate and a decrease of $2.0 million due to fluctuations in the Canadian exchange rate.
The decrease in vehicles sold was primarily attributable to a 14% decrease in institutional volume, including vehicles sold on our online only platform, as well as a 27% decrease in dealer consignment units sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Online sales volume for ADESA represented approximately 84% of the total vehicles in the first nine months of 2020, compared with approximately 58% in the first nine months of 2019. "Online sales" includes the following: (i) selling vehicles directly from a dealership or other interim storage location; (ii) online solutions that offer vehicles for sale while in transit to auction locations; (iii) vehicles sold on the TradeRev platform; (iv) vehicle sales in Europe, including units sold by COTW; (v) simultaneously broadcasting video and audio during the physical auctions to online bidders (ADESA Simulcast and Simulcast+); and (vi) bulletin-board or real-time online auctions (DealerBlock®). Online only sales, which do not include vehicles sold on ADESA Simulcast, Simulcast+ or DealerBlock, accounted for approximately 59% of ADESA's North American online sales volume. ADESA sold approximately 1,125,000 (including approximately 125,000 from TradeRev) and 1,179,000 (including approximately 119,000 from TradeRev) vehicles through its North American online only offerings in the first nine months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, dealer consignment vehicles represented approximately 25% of used vehicles sold and institutional vehicles represented approximately 75% of used vehicles sold. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, dealer consignment vehicles represented approximately 28% of used vehicles sold and institutional vehicles represented approximately 72% of used vehicles sold. The volume of vehicles sold at physical auction locations in the first nine months of 2020 decreased approximately 28% compared with the first nine months of 2019. The used vehicle conversion percentage at North American physical auction locations, calculated as the number of vehicles sold as a percentage of the number of vehicles entered for sale
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at our ADESA auctions, increased to 65.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with 64.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Volumes sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were materially impacted by the COVID-19 related restrictions placed on businesses throughout the world. Beginning the week of March 16, we experienced a significant decline in volumes, as customers began to cease operations in response to local, state and provincial directives. Throughout the second and third quarter, we held all sales through digital marketplaces to protect the health and well-being of our workforce and customers. All vehicles were offered online, cars did not run across the block and we limited access to our physical locations to promote social distancing measures and help prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Physical auction revenue per vehicle sold increased $8, or 1%, to $891 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $883 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Physical auction revenue per vehicle sold includes revenue from seller and buyer auction fees and ancillary and other related services, which includes non-auction services and excludes the sale of purchased vehicles.
Online only auction revenue per vehicle sold increased $15 to $243 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $228 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in online only auction revenue per vehicle sold was attributable increased revenue per vehicle for units sold on the TradeRev platform. In addition, the entire selling price of the purchased vehicles sold at auction is recorded as revenue ("Purchased vehicle sales"). Excluding purchased vehicle sales, online only revenue per vehicle would have been $159 and $149 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Gross Profit
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, gross profit for ADESA decreased $137.3 million, or 20%, to $558.6 million, compared with $695.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Gross profit for ADESA was 38.4% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with 37.7% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as we have taken measures to reduce expenses to help protect our business while our operations have been impacted by COVID-19, and vehicles sold online require less labor. In addition, our gross profit as a percentage of revenue is impacted by purchased vehicles. Excluding purchased vehicle sales, gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 44.9% and 42.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The entire selling and purchase price of the vehicle is recorded as revenue and cost of services for purchased vehicles sold. Businesses acquired in 2019 accounted for an increase in cost of services of $15.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the ADESA segment decreased $70.2 million, or 19%, to $300.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $370.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to decreases in compensation expense of $25.9 million, marketing costs of $12.3 million, travel expenses of $8.5 million, incentive-based compensation of $8.3 million, supplies expense of $4.4 million, telecom expenses of $2.9 million, professional fees of $2.8 million, other employee related expenses of $2.8 million and the recording of the Employee Retention Credit provided under the CARES Act and the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy of $9.2 million, partially offset by increases in bad debt expense of $2.2 million, information technology costs of $2.0 million, costs associated with acquisitions of $1.9 million and other miscellaneous expenses aggregating $0.8 million.
Goodwill and Other Intangibles Impairment
In light of the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the economy, forecasts for all reporting units were revised. These circumstances contributed to lower sales, operating profits and cash flows at ADESA Remarketing Limited through the first part of 2020 as compared to 2019, and the outlook for the business was significantly reduced. This analysis resulted in the impairment of the goodwill balance totaling $25.5 million in our ADESA Remarketing Limited reporting unit and a non-cash goodwill impairment charge was recorded for this amount in the second quarter of 2020.
In addition, in the second quarter of 2020, a non-cash customer relationship impairment charge of approximately $4.3 million was also recorded in the ADESA Remarketing Limited reporting unit, representing the impairment in the value of this reporting unit’s customer relationships.
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AFC Results
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions except volumes and per loan amounts)20202019
Finance-related revenue 
Interest and fee income$204.7 $256.1 
Other revenue6.8 8.1 
Provision for credit losses(35.9)(25.5)
Warranty contract revenue26.6 26.2 
Total AFC revenue202.2 264.9 
Cost of services*62.1 72.4 
Gross profit*140.1 192.5 
Selling, general and administrative18.0 19.5 
Depreciation and amortization7.8 7.6 
Operating profit$114.3 $165.4 
Loan transactions1,192,000 1,340,000 
Revenue per loan transaction, excluding "Warranty contract revenue"$147 $178 

* Exclusive of depreciation and amortization
Revenue
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, AFC revenue decreased $62.7 million, or 24%, to $202.2 million, compared with $264.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in revenue was primarily the result of a 17% decrease in revenue per loan transaction and an 11% decrease in loan transactions.
Revenue per loan transaction, which includes both loans paid off and loans curtailed, decreased $31, or 17%, primarily as a result of an increase in provision for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as well as decreases in interest yield. Revenue per loan transaction excludes "Warranty contract revenue."
The provision for credit losses increased to 2.6% of the average managed receivables for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from 1.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Gross Profit
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, gross profit for the AFC segment decreased $52.4 million to $140.1 million, or 69.3% of revenue, compared with $192.5 million, or 72.7% of revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in gross profit as a percent of revenue was primarily the result of a 24% decrease in revenue and a 14% decrease in cost of services. The decrease in cost of services was primarily the result of decreases in compensation expense of $5.1 million, PWI expenses of $2.6 million, lot audits of $1.0 million, travel expenses of $0.8 million, incentive-based compensation of $0.5 million and other miscellaneous expenses aggregating $0.3 million.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses at AFC decreased $1.5 million, or 8%, to $18.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $19.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily as a result of decreases in incentive-based compensation of $0.5 million, travel expenses of $0.5 million and other miscellaneous expenses aggregating $0.5 million.
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Holding Company Results
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)20202019
Selling, general and administrative$87.7 $107.6 
Depreciation and amortization17.4 20.8 
Operating loss$(105.1)$(128.4)
Selling, General and Administrative
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, selling, general and administrative expenses at the holding company decreased $19.9 million, or 18%, to $87.7 million, compared with $107.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily as a result of decreases in compensation expense of $8.3 million, professional fees of $6.5 million, stock-based compensation expense of $2.8 million, incentive-based compensation of $1.5 million, travel expenses of $1.5 million and other miscellaneous expenses of $2.3 million, partially offset by increases in information technology costs of $3.0 million.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We believe that the significant indicators of liquidity for our business are cash on hand, cash flow from operations, working capital and amounts available under our Credit Facility. Our principal sources of liquidity consist of cash generated by operations and borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility.
(Dollars in millions)September 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
September 30,
2019
Cash and cash equivalents*$1,276.7 $507.6 $508.6 
Restricted cash54.7 53.3 23.3 
Working capital1,320.1 726.8 741.5 
Amounts available under the Revolving Credit Facility**325.0 325.0 325.0 
Cash flow from operations for the nine months ended431.9 291.1 
*    Cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2020 included approximately $528.2 million in net proceeds from the June 2020 issuance of perpetual convertible preferred stock of the Company.
**    There were related outstanding letters of credit totaling approximately $25.4 million, $27.4 million and $27.7 million at September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, respectively, which reduced the amount available for borrowings under the revolving credit facility.
We regularly evaluate alternatives for our capital structure and liquidity given our expected cash flows, growth and operating capital requirements as well as capital market conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant impact on our business. As a result, we have implemented several measures that we believe will enhance liquidity for the foreseeable future. Some of these measures included reducing our compensation expense (including a reduction of base salaries across many levels of the organization, including the elimination of base salaries for our CEO, CFO and President and 50% reduction of base salaries for our other executive officers during the second quarter, furloughs and a reduction in force, among others), prohibiting non-essential business travel, suspending non-essential services provided by certain third parties at our locations, delaying or canceling capital projects at our physical auction locations and suspending the Company's quarterly dividend.
In addition, in June 2020 we issued and sold an aggregate of 550,000 shares of newly issued perpetual convertible preferred stock of the Company for net proceeds of approximately $528.2 million, as described in Note 10, "Convertible Preferred Stock."
We have also taken advantage of legislation introduced to assist companies during this time. In the second and third quarters of 2020, we recorded a total of approximately $8.3 million of employee retention credits taken under the CARES Act and approximately $14.3 million under the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy. These credits partially offset salaries and medical costs recorded in the U.S. and Canada. We will continue to monitor and assess the impact the CARES Act and similar legislation in other countries may have on our business and financial results. As the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy and our operations evolves, we will continue to assess our liquidity needs. A continued disruption could materially affect our liquidity.
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Working Capital
A substantial amount of our working capital is generated from the payments received for services provided. The majority of our working capital needs are short-term in nature, usually less than a week in duration. Due to the decentralized nature of the business, payments for most vehicles purchased are received at each auction and branch. Most of the financial institutions place a temporary hold on the availability of the funds deposited that generally can range up to two business days, resulting in cash in our accounts and on our balance sheet that is unavailable for use until it is made available by the various financial institutions. There are outstanding checks (book overdrafts) to sellers and vendors included in current liabilities. Because a portion of these outstanding checks for operations in the U.S. are drawn upon bank accounts at financial institutions other than the financial institutions that hold the cash, we cannot offset all the cash and the outstanding checks on our balance sheet. Changes in working capital vary from quarter-to-quarter as a result of the timing of collections and disbursements of funds to consignors from auctions held near period-end.
Approximately $173.1 million of available cash was held by our foreign subsidiaries at September 30, 2020. If funds held by our foreign subsidiaries were to be repatriated, we expect any applicable taxes to be minimal.
AFC offers short-term inventory-secured financing, also known as floorplan financing, to independent used vehicle dealers. Financing is primarily provided for terms of 30 to 90 days. AFC principally generates its funding through the sale of its receivables. The receivables sold pursuant to the securitization agreements are accounted for as secured borrowings. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the related economic downturn, AFC launched a Customer Relief Program in March 2020. Under the Customer Relief Program, eligible customers were able to choose to defer curtailment payments (principal, fees and interest) due through June 30, 2020, on eligible units. For further discussion of AFC's securitization arrangements, see "Securitization Facilities."
Credit Facilities
On September 2, 2020, we entered into the Fifth Amendment Agreement (the "Fifth Amendment") to the Credit Agreement. The Fifth Amendment (1) eliminates the financial covenant “holiday” provided by the Fourth Amendment Agreement, dated as of May 29, 2020 (the “Fourth Amendment”); (2) eliminates the changes to the calculation of Consolidated EBITDA for the purposes of the financial covenant compliance for the fiscal quarters ending September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2021, as provided by the Fourth Amendment; (3) removes the monthly minimum liquidity covenant provided by the Fourth Amendment; and (4) eliminates the limitations imposed by the Fourth Amendment on the Company’s ability to make certain investments, junior debt repayments, acquisitions and restricted payments and to incur additional secured indebtedness.
On May 29, 2020, we entered into the Fourth Amendment to the Credit Agreement. The Fourth Amendment (1) provided a financial covenant “holiday” through and including June 30, 2021; (2) for purposes of determining compliance with the financial covenant for the fiscal quarters ending September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2021, permits the Consolidated EBITDA for the applicable test period to be calculated on an annualized basis, excluding results prior to April 1, 2021; (3) established a monthly minimum liquidity covenant of $225.0 million through and including September 30, 2021; and (4) effectively placed certain limitations on the ability to make certain investments, junior debt repayments, acquisitions and restricted payments and to incur additional secured indebtedness until October 1, 2021.
On September 19, 2019, we entered into the Third Amendment Agreement (the "Third Amendment") to the Credit Agreement. The Third Amendment provided for, among other things, (1) the refinancing of the existing Term Loan B-4 and Term Loan B-5 with the new Term Loan B-6, (2) repayment of the 2017 Revolving Credit Facility and (3) the $325 million Revolving Credit Facility.
The Credit Facility is available for letters of credit, working capital, permitted acquisitions and general corporate purposes. The Revolving Credit Facility also includes a $50 million sub-limit for issuance of letters of credit and a $60 million sub-limit for swingline loans.
Term Loan B-6 was issued at a discount of $2.4 million and the discount is being amortized using the effective interest method to interest expense over the term of the loan. Term Loan B-6 is payable in quarterly installments equal to 0.25% of the original aggregate principal amount, with the balance payable at the maturity date.
As set forth in the Credit Agreement, the Tranche B-6 Term Loans bear interest at an adjusted LIBOR rate plus 2.25% or at the Company’s election, Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus 1.25%. Loans under the Revolving Credit Facility will bear interest at a rate calculated based on the type of borrowing (either adjusted LIBOR or Base Rate) and the Company’s Consolidated Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio, with such rate ranging from 2.25% to 1.75% for adjusted LIBOR loans and from 1.25% to 0.75% for Base Rate loans. The Company also pays a commitment fee between 25 to 35 basis points, payable quarterly, on the average daily unused amount of the Revolving Facility based on the Company’s Consolidated Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio, from time to time. The interest rate applicable to Term Loan B-6 was 2.44% at September 30, 2020.
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On September 30, 2020, $940.5 million was outstanding on Term Loan B-6 and there were no borrowings on the Revolving Credit Facility. In addition, we had related outstanding letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $25.4 million and $27.4 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which reduce the amount available for borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. Our European operations also have lines of credit aggregating $35.2 million (€30 million) of which $16.9 million was drawn at September 30, 2020.
The obligations of the Company under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by certain of our domestic subsidiaries (the "Subsidiary Guarantors") and are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors, including, but not limited to: (a) pledges of and first priority perfected security interests in 100% of the equity interests of certain of the Company's and the Subsidiary Guarantors' domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the equity interests of certain of the Company's and the Subsidiary Guarantors' first tier foreign subsidiaries and (b) perfected first priority security interests in substantially all other tangible and intangible assets of the Company and each Subsidiary Guarantor, subject to certain exceptions.
Certain covenants contained within the Credit Agreement are critical to an investor’s understanding of our financial liquidity, as the failure to maintain compliance with these covenants could result in a default and allow our lenders to declare all amounts borrowed immediately due and payable. The Credit Agreement contains a financial covenant requiring that a Consolidated Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio be satisfied as of the last day of each fiscal quarter if revolving loans are outstanding. The Consolidated Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio is calculated as total consolidated debt (net of unrestricted cash) divided by the last four quarters consolidated Adjusted EBITDA. Total consolidated debt includes term loan borrowings, revolving loans and finance lease liabilities less available cash as defined in the Credit Agreement. Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA is EBITDA (earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization) adjusted to exclude among other things (a) gains and losses from asset sales; (b) unrealized foreign currency translation gains and losses in respect of indebtedness; (c) certain non-recurring gains and losses; (d) stock-based compensation expense; (e) certain other non-cash amounts included in the determination of net income; (f) charges and revenue reductions resulting from purchase accounting; (g) minority interest; (h) consulting expenses incurred for cost reduction, operating restructuring and business improvement efforts; (i) expenses realized upon the termination of employees and the termination or cancellation of leases, software licenses or other contracts in connection with the operational restructuring and business improvement efforts; (j) expenses incurred in connection with permitted acquisitions; (k) any impairment charges or write-offs of intangibles; and (l) any extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring charges, expenses or losses. For the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the Consolidated Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio could not exceed 3.5. Our consolidated Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio, including finance lease obligations of $17.0 million, was negative 0.6 at September 30, 2020.

In addition, the Credit Agreement and the indenture governing our senior notes (see Note 8, “Long-Term Debt” for additional information) contain certain limitations on our ability to pay dividends and other distributions, make certain acquisitions or investments, grant liens and sell assets, and the Credit Agreement contains certain limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness. The applicable covenants in the Credit Agreement affect our operating flexibility by, among other things, restricting our ability to incur expenses and indebtedness that could be used to grow the business, as well as to fund general corporate purposes. We were in compliance with the covenants in the Credit Agreement and the indenture governing our senior notes on September 30, 2020.
We believe our sources of liquidity from our cash and cash equivalents on hand, working capital, cash provided by operating activities, and availability under our Credit Facility are sufficient to meet our operating needs for the foreseeable future. In addition, we believe the previously mentioned sources of liquidity will be sufficient to fund our capital requirements and debt service payments for the foreseeable future. A lack of recovery in market conditions, or further deterioration in market conditions, could materially affect the Company's liquidity.
Senior Notes
On May 31, 2017, we issued $950 million of 5.125% senior notes due June 1, 2025. The Company pays interest on the senior notes semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, which commenced on December 1, 2017. We may redeem the senior notes, in whole or in part, at any time prior to June 1, 2020 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus a make-whole premium and thereafter at a premium that declines ratably to par in 2023. The senior notes are guaranteed by the Subsidiary Guarantors.
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Securitization Facilities
AFC sells U.S. dollar denominated finance receivables on a revolving basis and without recourse to AFC Funding Corporation. A securitization agreement allows for the revolving sale by AFC Funding Corporation to a group of bank purchasers of undivided interests in certain finance receivables subject to committed liquidity. The agreement expires on January 31, 2024. AFC Funding Corporation had committed liquidity of $1.60 billion for U.S. finance receivables at September 30, 2020.
In September 2020, AFC and AFC Funding Corporation entered into the Ninth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement (the "Receivables Purchase Agreement"). The Receivables Purchase Agreement decreased AFC Funding's U.S. committed liquidity from $1.70 billion to $1.60 billion and extended the facility's maturity date from January 28, 2022 to January 31, 2024. In addition, provisions designed to provide additional credit enhancement to the purchasers upon the occurrence of the certain events related to the payment rate and net spread on the receivables portfolio were added, certain portfolio performance metrics that could result in a requirement to increase the cash reserve or constitute a termination event were amended to the benefit of AFC Funding and provisions providing for a mechanism for determining an alternative rate of interest were added. We capitalized approximately $12.3 million of costs in connection with the Receivables Purchase Agreement.
We also have an agreement for the securitization of AFCI's receivables. AFCI's committed facility is provided through a third-party conduit (separate from the U.S. facility) and was C$175 million at September 30, 2020. In September 2020, AFCI entered into the Fifth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement (the "Canadian Receivable Purchase Agreement"). The Canadian Receivables Purchase Agreement extended the facility's maturity date from January 28, 2022 to January 31, 2024. In addition, provisions designed to provide additional credit enhancement to the purchasers upon the occurrence of the certain events related to the payment rate and net spread on the receivables portfolio were added, certain portfolio performance metrics that could result in a requirement to increase the cash reserve or constitute a termination event were amended to the benefit of AFC Funding and provisions providing for a mechanism for determining an alternative rate of interest were added. We capitalized approximately $1.0 million of costs in connection with the Canadian Receivables Purchase Agreement. The receivables sold pursuant to both the U.S. and Canadian securitization agreements are accounted for as secured borrowings.
AFC managed total finance receivables of $1,744.8 million and $2,115.2 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. AFC's allowance for losses was $22.0 million and $15.0 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $1,688.0 million and $2,061.6 million, respectively, of finance receivables and a cash reserve of 1 or 3 percent of the obligations collateralized by finance receivables served as security for the $1,101.0 million and $1,461.2 million of obligations collateralized by finance receivables at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The amount of the cash reserve depends on circumstances which are set forth in the securitization agreements. There were unamortized securitization issuance costs of approximately $23.2 million and $13.2 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. After the occurrence of a termination event, as defined in the U.S. securitization agreement, the banks may, and could, cause the stock of AFC Funding Corporation to be transferred to the bank facility, though as a practical matter the bank facility would look to the liquidation of the receivables under the transaction documents as their primary remedy.
Proceeds from the revolving sale of receivables to the bank facilities are used to fund new loans to customers. AFC, AFC Funding Corporation and AFCI must maintain certain financial covenants including, among others, limits on the amount of debt AFC and AFCI can incur, minimum levels of tangible net worth, and other covenants tied to the performance of the finance receivables portfolio. The securitization agreements also incorporate the financial covenants of our Credit Facility. At September 30, 2020, we were in compliance with the covenants in the securitization agreements.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the related economic downturn, AFC amended its U.S. and Canadian securitization agreements in March and May 2020, in order to provide temporary cash relief to its customers by launching a Customer Relief Program. Under this program, eligible customers were able to choose to defer curtailment payments (principal, fees and interest) due through June 30, 2020, on eligible units. These transactions were permitted as eligible loans under the amended securitization agreements. The May 2020 amendments were also made to reflect the modifications to the Credit Facility.
On April 30, 2020, AFC amended its U.S. and Canadian securitization agreements to modify certain definitions and to reduce the minimum net spread for April, May and June 2020. In addition, the one-month minimum payment rate test decreased for April, May and June 2020. On June 25, 2020, AFC amended its U.S. and Canadian securitization agreements to extend the modification of certain definitions through the end of September and to increase the minimum net spread for July, August, and September 2020 above the April amendment requirement, but below the original agreement. An Over Collateralization floor
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was also implemented, and the restriction on payments being made to AFC from AFC Funding Corporation was removed, thereby reducing AFC's restricted cash requirements.

In September 2020, AFC amended its U.S. and Canadian securitization agreements to remove provisions made in previous amendments to provide relief for the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and to permit the Customer Relief Program.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, as presented herein, are supplemental measures of our performance that are not required by, or presented in accordance with, generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. They are not measurements of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered substitutes for net income (loss) or any other performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP.
EBITDA is defined as net income (loss), plus interest expense net of interest income, income tax provision (benefit), depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is EBITDA adjusted for the items of income and expense and expected incremental revenue and cost savings, as described above in the discussion of certain restrictive loan covenants under "Credit Facilities."
Management believes that the inclusion of supplementary adjustments to EBITDA applied in presenting Adjusted EBITDA is appropriate to provide additional information to investors about one of the principal measures of performance used by our creditors. In addition, management uses EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our performance. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the results as reported under GAAP. These measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.
The following tables reconcile EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) from continuing operations for the periods presented:
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)ADESAAFCCorporateConsolidated
Net income (loss) from continuing operations$70.2 $26.4 $(49.5)$47.1 
Add back: 
Income taxes26.0 4.3 (19.4)10.9 
Interest expense, net of interest income0.7 7.5 21.0 29.2 
Depreciation and amortization38.2 2.5 5.8 46.5 
Intercompany interest(15.3)— 15.3 — 
EBITDA119.8 40.7 (26.8)133.7 
Intercompany charges1.4 — (1.4)— 
Non-cash stock-based compensation2.0 0.4 1.5 3.9 
Acquisition related costs2.4 — — 2.4 
Securitization interest— (3.7)— (3.7)
Loss on asset sales0.1 — — 0.1 
Severance2.4 — (0.1)2.3 
Foreign currency (gains)/losses(0.8)— 0.9 0.1 
Other0.1 (0.1)0.4 0.4 
  Total addbacks7.6 (3.4)1.3 5.5 
Adjusted EBITDA$127.4 $37.3 $(25.5)$139.2 
 
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 Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
(Dollars in millions)ADESAAFCCorporateConsolidated
Net income (loss) from continuing operations$46.4 $30.7 $(42.7)$34.4 
Add back: 
Income taxes16.3 10.1 (13.2)13.2 
Interest expense, net of interest income0.8 15.6 20.8 37.2 
Depreciation and amortization37.2 2.6 6.6 46.4 
Intercompany interest2.4 (1.3)(1.1)— 
EBITDA103.1 57.7 (29.6)131.2 
Intercompany charges3.6 — (3.6)— 
Non-cash stock-based compensation1.6 0.3 2.6 4.5 
Loss on extinguishment of debt— — 2.2 2.2 
Acquisition related costs2.0 — 0.7 2.7 
Securitization interest— (13.3)— (13.3)
Loss on asset sales0.8 — — 0.8 
Severance0.6 0.1 0.2 0.9 
Foreign currency (gains)/losses— — (0.4)(0.4)
Other0.5 (0.1)0.2 0.6 
  Total addbacks9.1 (13.0)1.9 (2.0)
Adjusted EBITDA$112.2 $44.7 $(27.7)$129.2 

 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)ADESAAFCCorporateConsolidated
Net income (loss) from continuing operations$89.9 $67.0 $(139.3)$17.6 
Add back: 
Income taxes37.3 18.0 (47.0)8.3 
Interest expense, net of interest income1.9 30.2 64.9 97.0 
Depreciation and amortization115.5 7.8 17.4 140.7 
Intercompany interest(17.8)(0.9)18.7 — 
EBITDA226.8 122.1 (85.3)263.6 
Intercompany charges4.6 — (4.6)— 
Non-cash stock-based compensation5.3 1.2 5.6 12.1 
Acquisition related costs4.5 — 0.2 4.7 
Securitization interest— (21.1)— (21.1)
Loss on asset sales1.1 — — 1.1 
Severance9.3 0.4 0.9 10.6 
Foreign currency (gains)/losses0.9 — 2.3 3.2 
Goodwill and other intangibles impairment29.8 — — 29.8 
Other2.6 (0.1)1.3 3.8 
  Total addbacks58.1 (19.6)5.7 44.2 
Adjusted EBITDA$284.9 $102.5 $(79.6)$307.8 

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 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(Dollars in millions)ADESAAFCCorporateConsolidated
Net income (loss) from continuing operations$139.3 $88.6 $(150.8)$77.1 
Add back: 
Income taxes54.0 32.2 (57.8)28.4 
Interest expense, net of interest income1.8 48.6 97.7 148.1 
Depreciation and amortization110.2 7.6 20.8 138.6 
Intercompany interest13.5 (4.1)(9.4)— 
EBITDA318.8 172.9 (99.5)392.2 
Intercompany charges10.4 — (10.4)— 
Non-cash stock-based compensation5.6 1.2 8.3 15.1 
Loss on extinguishment of debt— — 2.2 2.2 
Acquisition related costs4.8 — 5.5 10.3 
Securitization interest— (41.9)— (41.9)
Loss on asset sales1.7 — — 1.7 
Severance4.2 0.1 1.4 5.7 
Foreign currency (gains)/losses(1.1)— 0.1 (1.0)
IAA allocated costs— — 2.3 2.3 
Other1.2 — 0.2 1.4 
  Total addbacks26.8 (40.6)9.6 (4.2)
Adjusted EBITDA$345.6 $132.3 $(89.9)$388.0 

Certain of our loan covenant calculations utilize financial results for the most recent four consecutive fiscal quarters. The following table reconciles EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) for the periods presented:
 Three Months EndedTwelve
Months
Ended
(Dollars in millions)December 31,
2019
March 31,
2020
June 30,
2020
September 30,
2020
September 30,
2020
Net income (loss)$19.8 $2.8 $(32.3)$47.1 $37.4 
Less: Income from discontinued operations4.5 — — — 4.5 
Income (loss) from continuing operations15.3 2.8 (32.3)47.1 32.9 
Add back: 
Income taxes9.3 2.0 (4.6)10.9 17.6 
Interest expense, net of interest income38.3 37.2 30.6 29.2 135.3 
Depreciation and amortization50.1 47.7 46.5 46.5 190.8 
EBITDA113.0 89.7 40.2 133.7 376.6 
Non-cash stock-based compensation5.2 5.3 2.9 3.9 17.3 
Acquisition related costs1.9 1.4 0.9 2.4 6.6 
Securitization interest(13.0)(11.4)(6.0)(3.7)(34.1)
Loss on asset sales0.4 0.5 0.5 0.1 1.5 
Severance9.6 1.8 6.5 2.3 20.2 
Foreign currency (gains)/losses0.3 0.4 2.7 0.1 3.5 
Goodwill and other intangibles impairment— — 29.8 — 29.8 
Other4.6 0.9 2.5 0.4 8.4 
     Total addbacks9.0 (1.1)39.8 5.5 53.2 
Adjusted EBITDA$122.0 $88.6 $80.0 $139.2 $429.8 
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Summary of Cash Flows
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)20202019
Net cash provided by (used by):  
Operating activities - continuing operations$431.9 $291.1 
Operating activities - discontinued operations 156.7 
Investing activities - continuing operations263.6 (367.3)
Investing activities - discontinued operations (37.4)
Financing activities - continuing operations88.9 (1,140.5)
Financing activities - discontinued operations 1,317.6 
Effect of exchange rate on cash(13.9)7.0 
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$770.5 $227.2 
Cash flow provided by operating activities (continuing operations) was $431.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $291.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in operating cash flow was primarily attributable to changes in operating assets and liabilities as a result of the timing of collections and the disbursement of funds to consignors for auctions held near period-ends, as well as a net increase in non-cash item adjustments, partially offset by decreased profitability attributable to reduced operations beginning March 20, 2020, resulting from COVID-19 restrictions on our business.
Net cash provided by investing activities (continuing operations) was $263.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with net cash used by investing activities of $367.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in net cash from investing activities was primarily attributable to:
a net decrease in finance receivables held for investment of approximately $456.1 million;
a decrease in cash used for acquisitions of approximately $120.7 million; and
a reduction in capital expenditures of approximately $53.3 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities (continuing operations) was $88.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with net cash used by financing activities (continuing operations) of $1,140.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in net cash from financing activities was primarily attributable to:
a decrease in net payments on long-term debt of $791.9 million. In the second quarter of 2019, the Company used net cash provided by financing activities from discontinued operations (cash received from IAA in the separation) to prepay its term loan debt. In addition, in the third quarter of 2019, the Company refinanced the outstanding Term Loan B-4 and Term Loan B-5 and repaid the remaining amount on the 2017 Revolving Credit Facility with the new Term Loan B-6.
net proceeds of approximately $528.2 million received from the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock in the second quarter of 2020;
a decrease in the repurchase of common stock of $119.7 million;
a decrease in dividends paid to stockholders of approximately $90.8 million;
a decrease in cash transferred to IAA of $50.9 million; and
a net increase in book overdrafts of approximately $11.1 million;
partially offset by:
a net decrease in the obligations collateralized by finance receivables of approximately $320.1 million;
an increase in cash used for payments of contingent consideration of approximately $21.8 million; and
a net decrease in borrowings on lines of credit of approximately $19.9 million.
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Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 approximated $74.3 million and $127.6 million, respectively. Capital expenditures were funded primarily from internally generated funds. We continue to invest in our core information technology capabilities and capacity expansion. Future capital expenditures could vary substantially based on capital project timing, the opening of new auction facilities, capital expenditures related to acquired businesses and the initiation of new information systems projects to support our business strategies.
Dividends
The Series A Preferred Stock ranks senior to the shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, with respect to dividend rights and rights on the distribution of assets on any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to a cumulative dividend at the rate of 7% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears. Dividends are payable in kind through the issuance of additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock for the first eight dividend payments, and thereafter, in cash or in kind, or in any combination of both, at the option of the Company. As of September 30, 2020, the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock had received dividends in kind with a value in the aggregate of approximately $11.8 million. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are also entitled to participate in dividends declared or paid on our common stock on an as-converted basis.
The following common stock dividend information has been released for 2020:
On February 18, 2020, the Company announced a cash dividend of $0.19 per share that was paid on April 3, 2020, to stockholders of record at the close of business on March 20, 2020.
On November 5, 2019, the Company announced a cash dividend of $0.19 per share that was paid on January 3, 2020, to stockholders of record at the close of business on December 20, 2019.
The Company has temporarily suspended its quarterly common stock dividend in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its operations. Future dividend decisions will be based on and affected by a variety of factors, including our financial condition and results of operations, contractual restrictions, including restrictive covenants contained in our Credit Agreement and AFC's securitization facilities and the indenture governing our senior notes, capital requirements and other factors that our board of directors deems relevant. No assurance can be given as to whether any future dividends may be declared by our board of directors or the amount thereof.
Pending Acquisition and Recent Development

In September 2020, ADESA entered into an agreement and plan of merger to acquire BacklotCars, Inc. ("BacklotCars") for $425 million in cash. BacklotCars is an app and web-based dealer-to-dealer wholesale platform featuring a 24/7 “bid-ask” marketplace offering vehicles with comprehensive inspections performed by automobile mechanics. The acquisition is expected to further diversify the Company's broad portfolio of digital capabilities and accelerate the Company’s strategy to be a leading digital dealer-to-dealer marketplace provider. The merger is expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2020, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. On November 4, 2020, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission granted early termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, with respect to the merger.

In October 2020, a subsidiary of ADESA signed a definitive agreement to sell all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of PWI Holdings, Inc., the Company's extended vehicle service contract business ("PWI"), to certain subsidiaries of Kingsway Financial Services Inc. for a purchase price of approximately $24.5 million (subject to customary adjustments). The closing of the transaction is subject to customary conditions, including legal and regulatory approvals, and is expected to be completed by year-end.
47

Table of Contents
Contractual Obligations
The Company's contractual cash obligations for long-term debt, interest payments related to long-term debt, finance lease obligations and operating leases are summarized in the table of contractual obligations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Since December 31, 2019, there have been no material changes to the contractual obligations of the Company, with the exception of the following:
In June 2020, we completed the issuance and sale of 550,000 shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to a cumulative dividend at the rate of 7% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears. Dividends are payable in kind through the issuance of additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock for the first eight dividend payments, and thereafter, in cash or in kind, or in any combination of both, at the option of the Company.
In January 2020, we entered into three pay-fixed interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $500 million to swap variable rate interest payments under our term loan for fixed interest payments bearing a weighted average interest rate of 1.44%, for a total interest rate of 3.69%. The interest rate swaps have a five-year term, each maturing on January 23, 2025.
Operating lease obligations change in the ordinary course of business. We lease most of our facilities, as well as other property and equipment under operating leases. Future operating lease obligations will continue to change if renewal options are exercised and/or if we enter into additional operating lease agreements.
See Note 8, Note 9 and Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for additional information about the items described above. Our contractual cash obligations as of December 31, 2019, are discussed in the "Contractual Obligations" section of "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC").
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our critical accounting estimates are discussed in the "Critical Accounting Estimates" section of "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC. A summary of significant accounting policies is discussed in Note 2 and elsewhere in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, which includes audited financial statements.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2020, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements pursuant to Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act.
New Accounting Standards
For a description of new accounting standards that could affect the Company, reference the "New Accounting Standards" section of Note 1 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
48

Table of Contents
Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Foreign Currency
Our foreign currency exposure is limited and arises from transactions denominated in foreign currencies, particularly intercompany loans, as well as from translation of the results of operations from our Canadian and, to a much lesser extent, United Kingdom, Continental Europe and Mexican subsidiaries. However, fluctuations between U.S. and non-U.S. currency values may adversely affect our results of operations and financial position. We have not entered into any foreign exchange contracts to hedge changes in the Canadian dollar, British pound, euro or Mexican peso. Canadian currency translation negatively affected net income (loss) by approximately $0.2 million and $0.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. A 1% decrease in the average Canadian exchange rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 would have impacted net income (loss) by approximately $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Currency exposure of our U.K., Continental Europe and Mexican operations is not material to the results of operations.
Interest Rates
We are exposed to interest rate risk on our variable rate borrowings. Accordingly, interest rate fluctuations affect the amount of interest expense we are obligated to pay. We currently use interest rate swap agreements to manage our exposure to interest rate changes. We have designated the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes. Accordingly, the earnings impact of the derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recorded upon the recognition of the interest related to the hedged debt. There was no significant ineffectiveness in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
In January 2020, we entered into three pay-fixed interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $500 million to swap variable rate interest payments under our term loan for fixed interest payments bearing a weighted average interest rate of 1.44%. The interest rate swaps have a five-year term, each maturing on January 23, 2025.
Taking our interest rate swaps into account, a sensitivity analysis of the impact on our variable rate corporate debt instruments to a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in short-term rates (LIBOR) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 would have resulted in an increase in interest expense of approximately $1.1 million and $3.3 million, respectively.
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f), during the quarter ended September 30, 2020, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

49

Table of Contents
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.    Legal Proceedings
We are involved in litigation and disputes arising in the ordinary course of business, such as actions related to injuries; property damage; handling, storage or disposal of vehicles; environmental laws and regulations; and other litigation incidental to the business such as employment matters and dealer disputes. Such litigation is generally not, in the opinion of management, likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Certain legal proceedings in which the Company is involved are discussed in Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and Part I, Item 3 of the same Annual Report. Unless otherwise indicated therein, all proceedings discussed in the Annual Report remain outstanding.
Item 1A.    Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, readers should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the factors discussed in Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Company’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020 are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. The impact of COVID-19 implicates and exacerbates other risks discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, any of which could have a material effect on us. This situation is changing rapidly and additional impacts may arise that we are not aware of currently. Due to the unprecedented nature of the pandemic and responses thereto, we cannot identify all of the risks we face from the pandemic and its aftermath.
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
The information required by Item 701 of Regulation S-K was previously disclosed in the Company’s Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 10, 2020 and June 30, 2020.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table provides information about purchases by KAR Auction Services of its shares of common stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2020:
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased
Average Price Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
(Dollars in millions)
July 1 - July 31— $— — $300.0 
August 1 - August 31— — — 300.0 
September 1 - September 30— — — 300.0 
Total— $— — 
(1)     In October 2019, the board of directors authorized a repurchase of up to $300 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock, par value $0.01 per share, through October 30, 2021. Repurchases may be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations, including pursuant to repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act. The timing and amount of any repurchases is subject to market and other conditions.

50

Table of Contents
Item 6.    Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
a)     Exhibits—the exhibit index below is incorporated herein by reference as the list of exhibits required as part of this report.
In reviewing the agreements included as exhibits to this Form 10-Q, please remember they are included to provide you with information regarding their terms and are not intended to provide any other factual or disclosure information about KAR Auction Services, ADESA, AFC or other parties to the agreements.
    The agreements included or incorporated by reference as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties were made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and (i) were not intended to be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate; (ii) may have been qualified in such agreement by disclosures that were made to the other party in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement; (iii) may apply contract standards of "materiality" that are different from "materiality" under the applicable securities laws; and (iv) were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the agreement.
    The Company acknowledges that, notwithstanding the inclusion of the foregoing cautionary statements, it is responsible for considering whether additional specific disclosures of material information regarding material contractual provisions are required to make the statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q not misleading. Additional information about the Company may be found elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and KAR Auction Services, Inc.'s other public filings, which are available without charge through the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov.
EXHIBIT INDEX
  Incorporated by Reference 
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.ExhibitFiling
Date
Filed
Herewith
2.1+8-K001-345682.16/28/2019
3.110-Q001-345683.18/3/2016
3.28-K001-345683.111/4/2014 
3.3 8-K001-345683.16/10/2020
4.18-K001-345684.15/31/2017
4.2S-1/A333-1619074.1512/10/2009 
4.310-K001-345684.32/19/2020
10.1a8-K001-3456810.13/12/2014 
10.1b8-K001-3456810.13/9/2016
51

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  Incorporated by Reference 
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.ExhibitFiling
Date
Filed
Herewith
10.1c8-K001-3456810.15/31/2017
10.1d8-K001-3456810.19/20/2019
10.1e8-K001-3456810.16/1/2020
10.1f8-K001-3456810.19/8/2020
10.2*S-8333-16403210.112/24/2009 
10.3*S-4333-14884710.151/25/2008 
10.4*10-K001-3456810.152/28/2012 
10.5a*8-K001-3456810.13/20/2014
10.5b*10-K001-3456810.5b2/21/2018
10.5c*10-K001-3456810.5c2/21/2019
10.6*8-K001-3456810.23/13/2020
10.7 *8-K001-3456810.13/13/2020
10.8a*10-K001-3456810.132/19/2014
10.8b*10-K001-3456810.8b2/21/2018
10.8c*10-Q001-3456810.8c11/6/2019
52

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  Incorporated by Reference 
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.ExhibitFiling
Date
Filed
Herewith
10.9*10-Q001-3456810.95/7/2020
10.10*10-K001-3456810.132/24/2017
10.11*10-K001-3456810.122/21/2018
10.12 *10-K001-3456810.132/21/2019
10.13 *10-K001-3456810.132/19/2020
10.14a^S-4333-14884710.321/25/2008 
10.14b S-4333-14884710.331/25/2008
10.14c S-4333-14884710.341/25/2008 
10.14d^S-4333-14884710.351/25/2008 
10.14e 10-K001-3456810.19e2/28/2012 
10.14f 10-K001-3456810.19f2/28/2012 
10.15^X
10.16^X
10.17a8-K333-14884710.39/9/2008 
10.17b8-K333-14884710.119/9/2008 
10.18a8-K333-14884710.49/9/2008
10.18b8-K333-14884710.129/9/2008
53

Table of Contents
  Incorporated by Reference 
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.ExhibitFiling
Date
Filed
Herewith
10.19a8-K333-14884710.59/9/2008
10.19b8-K333-14884710.139/9/2008
10.20a8-K333-14884710.69/9/2008
10.20b8-K333-14884710.149/9/2008
10.21a8-K333-14884710.79/9/2008
10.21b8-K333-14884710.159/9/2008
10.22a8-K333-14884710.89/9/2008
10.22b 8-K333-14884710.169/9/2008
10.23a 8-K333-14884710.109/9/2008 
10.23b 8-K333-14884710.189/9/2008 
10.24a 10-Q333-14884710.2111/13/2008 
10.24b 10-Q333-14884710.2211/13/2008 
10.258-K001-3456810.112/17/2013
10.26a*DEF 14A001-34568Appendix A4/29/2014 
10.26b*10-K001-3456810.24b2/18/2016
10.27*10-Q001-3456810.278/5/2020
10.28a*10-Q001-3456810.628/4/2010
54

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  Incorporated by Reference 
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.ExhibitFiling
Date
Filed
Herewith
10.28b*10-Q001-3456810.28b11/6/2019
10.29*10-Q001-3456810.298/7/2019
10.30*S-1/A333-16190710.6512/4/2009
10.31*10-K001-3456810.302/18/2016
10.32*10-K001-3456810.332/24/2017
10.33*10-K001-3456810.332/21/2018
10.34*10-K001-3456810.352/21/2019
10.35*10-K001-3456810.352/19/2020
10.36*10-K001-3456810.342/18/2016
10.37*10-K001-3456810.382/24/2017
10.3810-K001-3456810.382/19/2020
10.398-K001-3456810.16/28/2019
10.408-K001-3456810.26/28/2019
10.418-K001-3456810.36/28/2019
10.428-K001-3456810.15/27/2020
10.438-K001-3456810.25/27/2020
10.448-K001-3456810.16/10/2020
10.458-K001-3456810.16/29/2020
31.1      X
31.2      X
55

Table of Contents
  Incorporated by Reference 
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.ExhibitFiling
Date
Filed
Herewith
32.1      X
32.2      X
101The following materials from KAR Auction Services, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019; and (vi) the Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.    X
104Cover page Interactive Data File, formatted in iXBRL (contained in Exhibit 101).    X


_______________________________________________________________________________
+
Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the registrant if publicly disclosed.
^
Portions of this exhibit have been redacted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed separately with the Secretary of the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 406 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
*
Denotes management contract or compensation plan, contract or arrangement.
56

Table of Contents
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
KAR Auction Services, Inc.
(Registrant)
Date:November 4, 2020/s/ ERIC M. LOUGHMILLER
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer)

57

Dates Referenced Herein   and   Documents Incorporated by Reference

This ‘10-Q’ Filing    Date    Other Filings
9/19/26
6/1/25
1/23/25
9/19/24
1/31/24
1/28/22
12/31/2110-K,  4
12/15/21
10/30/21
10/1/214
9/30/2110-Q,  4
6/30/2110-Q,  4
4/1/21
12/15/204
Filed on:11/4/20
10/31/20
For Period end:9/30/20
9/2/208-K
6/30/2010-Q
6/29/208-K
6/25/20
6/10/203,  8-K
6/1/208-K
5/29/208-K
4/30/20
4/6/20
4/3/204
3/31/2010-Q
3/20/208-K
3/11/20
2/19/2010-K,  4
2/18/208-K
1/3/204
1/1/20
12/31/1910-K,  8-K
12/20/19
12/15/19
11/5/198-K
9/30/1910-Q
9/19/198-K
6/30/1910-Q
6/28/194,  8-K
6/18/19
12/31/1810-K
12/1/17
5/31/178-K
3/9/168-K
3/11/144,  8-K,  CT ORDER
 List all Filings 


9 Subsequent Filings that Reference this Filing

  As Of               Filer                 Filing    For·On·As Docs:Size             Issuer                      Filing Agent

 3/22/23  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-Q/A      6/30/22   61:7M
 3/22/23  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-Q/A      3/31/22   61:6.1M
 8/03/22  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-Q        6/30/22   58:7.4M
 5/04/22  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-Q        3/31/22   59:6.4M
 2/23/22  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-K       12/31/21  110:15M
11/03/21  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-Q        9/30/21   57:6.9M
 8/04/21  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-Q        6/30/21   55:6.8M
 5/05/21  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-Q        3/31/21   57:5.6M
 2/18/21  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-K       12/31/20  105:14M


34 Previous Filings that this Filing References

  As Of               Filer                 Filing    For·On·As Docs:Size             Issuer                      Filing Agent

 9/08/20  OPENLANE, Inc.                    8-K:1,8,9   9/02/20   13:1.2M                                   Toppan Merrill/FA
 8/05/20  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-Q        6/30/20   67:8.8M
 6/29/20  OPENLANE, Inc.                    8-K:1,3,9   6/29/20   13:498K
 6/10/20  OPENLANE, Inc.                    8-K:1,3,5,9 6/09/20   14:1M
 6/01/20  OPENLANE, Inc.                    8-K:1,9     5/29/20   13:468K
 5/27/20  OPENLANE, Inc.                    8-K:1,3,8,9 5/26/20   13:2M                                     Broadridge Fin’l So… Inc
 5/07/20  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-Q        3/31/20   62:6.7M
 3/13/20  OPENLANE, Inc.                    8-K:5,9     3/09/20   14:503K
 2/19/20  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-K       12/31/19  108:15M
11/06/19  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-Q        9/30/19   68:9.1M
 9/20/19  OPENLANE, Inc.                    8-K:1,2,9   9/19/19   11:2.6M                                   Broadridge Fin’l So… Inc
 8/07/19  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-Q        6/30/19   65:8.7M
 6/28/19  OPENLANE, Inc.                    8-K:1,2,5,8 6/28/19    6:1.3M                                   Broadridge Fin’l So… Inc
 2/21/19  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-K       12/31/18  104:14M
 2/21/18  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-K       12/31/17  101:14M
 5/31/17  OPENLANE, Inc.                    8-K:1,2,9   5/31/17    3:2.9M                                   Toppan Merrill/FA
 2/24/17  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-K       12/31/16  102:19M
 8/03/16  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-Q        6/30/16   55:7.1M
 3/09/16  OPENLANE, Inc.                    8-K:1,2,9   3/09/16    2:1.8M                                   Toppan Merrill/FA
 2/18/16  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-K       12/31/15  106:14M
11/04/14  OPENLANE, Inc.                    8-K:5,9    11/04/14    2:279K
 4/29/14  OPENLANE, Inc.                    DEF 14A     6/10/14    1:1.3M                                   Toppan Merrill-FA
 3/20/14  OPENLANE, Inc.                    8-K:5,9     3/20/14    3:109K
 3/12/14  OPENLANE, Inc.                    8-K:1,2,9   3/11/14    3:1.7M                                   Donnelley … Solutions/FA
 2/19/14  OPENLANE, Inc.                    10-K       12/31/13   99:16M
12/17/13  KAR Auction Services, Inc.        8-K:5,9    12/11/13    6:418K                                   Toppan Merrill/FA
 2/28/12  KAR Auction Services, Inc.        10-K       12/31/11   54:7.9M                                   Toppan Merrill-FA
 8/04/10  KAR Auction Services, Inc.        10-Q        6/30/10    9:1.4M                                   Donnelley … Solutions/FA
12/24/09  KAR Auction Services, Inc.        S-8        12/24/09    6:271K                                   Donnelley … Solutions/FA
12/10/09  KAR Auction Services, Inc.        S-1/A                  6:6.4M                                   Donnelley … Solutions/FA
12/04/09  KAR Auction Services, Inc.        S-1/A                 14:883K                                   Donnelley … Solutions/FA
11/13/08  KAR Auction Services, Inc.        10-Q        9/30/08    7:1.5M                                   Donnelley … Solutions/FA
 9/09/08  KAR Auction Services, Inc.        8-K:1,9     9/04/08   20:3.2M                                   Donnelley … Solutions/FA
 1/25/08  IAA Acquisition Corp.             S-4                  167:19M                                    Donnelley … Solutions/FA
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