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As Of Filer Filing As/For/On Docs:Pgs Issuer Agent 4/15/03 Deltagen Inc 10-K 12/31/02 28:369 Donnelley R R & S..13/FA
Document/Exhibit Description Pages Size
1: 10-K Annual Report HTML 1,313K
2: EX-4.8 Warrant to Be Issued to Wilow Park 10 51K
3: EX-4.9 Warrant to Be Issued to Amb Property, L.P. 12 58K
4: EX-4.10 Warrant to Be Issued to Woodside Technology 14 67K
Center, Llc
5: EX-10.25.1 Lease Termination Agreement Dated March 27, 2003 10 53K
6: EX-10.25.2 First Amendment to Lease Termination Agreement 3 20K
Dated April 1, 2003
7: EX-10.25.3 Second Amendment to Lease Termination Agreement 3 20K
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8: EX-10.30.1 Option Agreement 21 107K
9: EX-10.31.3 Conditional Forbearance Agreement Dated April 1, 8 44K
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10: EX-10.39.1 Agreement With Bristol-Myers Squibb Dated February 6 38K
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11: EX-10.39.2 Lease Assignment and Assumption Agreement Dated 7 28K
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12: EX-10.50 Second Amendment and Restated Employment Agreement 8 50K
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13: EX-10.51 Agreement With Mark Moore Dated February 14, 2003 3 24K
14: EX-10.52 Consulting Agreement With William Matthews Dated 6 37K
January 17, 2003
15: EX-10.53 Transition Agreement and Release With William 13 71K
Matthews Dated January 20, 2003
16: EX-10.54 Separation Agreement and Release With Michael 13 59K
Sember Dated January 17, 2003
17: EX-10.60 Separation Agreement With Augustine G. Yee, Dated 5 27K
February 26, 2003
18: EX-10.61 Agreement With Augustine G. Yee Dated January 6, 3 22K
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19: EX-10.62 Master Security Agreement With General Electric 8± 46K
Capital Corporation
20: EX-10.62.1 Amendment to Master Security Agreement With 3 23K
General Electric Capital
21: EX-10.62.2 Additional Collateral Rider to Master Security 2± 16K
Agreement Dated April 2003
22: EX-10.63 Sublease Dated June 15, 2001 8 40K
23: EX-10.63.1 Amendment to Subleased Dated June 15, 2001 1 12K
24: EX-10.63.2 Sublease Termination Agreement Dated March 31, 7 35K
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25: EX-21 Subsidiaries HTML 12K
26: EX-23.1 Consent of Pricewaterhousecoopers Llp, Independent HTML 12K
Accountants
27: EX-99.1 Ceo Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section HTML 17K
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28: EX-99.2 Cfo Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section HTML 17K
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| Form 10-K |
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002
Commission File Number 000-31147
DELTAGEN, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
94-3260659 (IRS Employer Identification Number) |
700 Bay Road Redwood City, California 94063
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Telephone Number: (650) 569-5100
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class |
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | |
| None |
None |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock $0.001 Par Value
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to $2.45, the closing price of Deltagen common stock as reported on the NASDAQ National Market on June 30, 2002, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $49,838,000. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director and by each person who owned 5% or more of the registrant’s outstanding common stock on that date have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
At March 31, 2003, the number of shares outstanding of registrant’s Common Stock was 39,144,337.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The registrant intends to file a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002. Portions of such proxy statement are incorporated by reference into Part III (Items 10, 11, 12 and 13) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the event that the registrant is unable to file such definitive proxy statement by such time, it intends to file an amendment to this Annual Report on 10-K to provide certain disclosures required in Part III (Items 10, 11, 12 and 13) of this Report.
DELTAGEN, INC.
INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002
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| Item 5. |
Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters |
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| Item 7. |
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
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| Item 12. |
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |
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| Item 15. |
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K |
95 | ||||
INFORMATION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business.” These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
| • | our ability to raise additional financing; |
| • | liquidity; |
| • | sources of revenues and anticipated revenues, including contributions from customers, license agreements and other collaborative efforts for the development and commercialization of products, and the continued viability and duration of those agreements and efforts; |
| • | limitations in the drug discovery process; |
| • | the capabilities, development and marketing of our products and services; |
| • | the benefits of knockout mice programs and, in particular, our technologies and methods; |
| • | the requirements of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies; |
| • | our future revenues and profitability; |
| • | our estimates regarding our capital requirements and needs for additional financing; |
| • | plans for future products and services and for enhancements of existing products and services; |
| • | our patent applications, licensed technology and proposed patents; |
| • | our ability to attract customers and establish licensing and other agreements; and |
| • | acquisitions. |
This report contains information regarding the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries that we obtained from private and public industry publications. These publications generally indicate that they have obtained their information from sources believed to be reliable, but do not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of their information. Although we believe that the publications are reliable, we have not independently verified their data.
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “potential” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We discuss many of these risks in this prospectus in greater detail under the heading “Risk Factors.” Also, these forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this report.
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Overview
Deltagen is a leader in using in vivo derived mammalian gene function information to define the function and disease relevance of mammalian genes for the purposes of discovering and validating novel drug targets. Our proprietary information platform serves our major pharmaceutical partners and customers in their efforts to discover potential new drug therapies.
Our products, based on our platform technology, provide databases of in vivo mammalian gene function information on target genes of interest to drug researchers. We delete, or “knock out”, these genes in mice and then utilize an extensive, integrated analysis program to assess the function and potential pharmaceutical relevance of these genes and the proteins these genes encode.
Our current customers and partners include many of the world’s largest pharmaceutical companies, such as Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Merck & Co., Inc., Pfizer Inc. and Schering-Plough Research Institute as well as significant biotechnology and biopharmaceutical companies including Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Tanox, Inc., Nuvelo, Inc. and Lexicon Genetics Incorporated.
We are implementing a strategy to integrate our:
| • | in vivo mammalian gene function information for targets that are of use to the biopharmaceutical industry; |
| • | commercialization of the intellectual property we generate on the use of mammalian genes and secreted proteins in drug development through alliances and collaborations with others and our own internal products and programs; and |
| • | generation of information, products and services for pharmaceutical and biotechnology drug discovery efforts. |
We believe that our ability to determine gene function is a result of our leveraging of our technology platforms. Our genomics technologies, processes and information systems are integrated with one another and generate information on the function and relationships between genes and the proteins these genes encode and the usefulness of genes as new drug targets and proteins as new drug candidates. We have used these systems to establish and develop our products and programs that include our:
| • | large-scale program to generate mammalian gene knockout animals and to discover gene function; |
| • | gene knockout animal models and mammalian gene function data analysis and management database; |
| • | mammalian gene knockout secreted protein discovery collaborations and programs; |
| • | internal characterization, evaluation and validation of targets, including those targets discovered and analyzed using our proprietary in vivo mammalian functional genomics programs; and |
| • | XenoPharm’s drug metabolism and xenobiotic technology platform to potentially predict the reaction of a drug candidate in the human system. |
| * | Deltagen® is our registered trademark. DeltaBase™, DeltaSelect™, Delta-GT™ and DeltaXpress™ are our common law trademarks. XenoSensor Mice™ and ClearScreen™ are common law trademarks of our subsidiary XenoPharm, Inc. This report also contains brand names, logos, service marks and trademarks of other companies. |
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Background
Overview
Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are continually challenged to develop and market increased numbers of drugs. This challenge has led to increased research and development spending and the development of a new research focus called genomics-based drug discovery. This new research effort involves understanding the relationship between genes and the functions they regulate. An organism’s genetic information, or genome, is comprised of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA molecules. DNA itself is comprised of four different chemical subunits called nucleotide bases that are strung together in a precise sequence. Encoded within a DNA sequence are discrete sets of instructions, or genes, that collectively serve to regulate our biological processes by producing proteins. Alterations or mutations in these gene sequences form the basis of many diseases.
Understanding the critical role that genes play in regulating biological processes and disease has led to efforts to obtain information on all the genes contained within the human genome and the genomes of other organisms. International public and private genomics projects have generated vast amounts of data and identified many of the genes within the human genome. The human genome is believed to be comprised of approximately three billion nucleotide bases that encode approximately 30,000 to 40,000 genes. Approximately 3,000 to 10,000 of these genes and the proteins these genes encode may have potential as drug targets and drug candidates. Seeking to capitalize upon the opportunity to discover new drug targets, pharmaceutical, biotechnology and genomic companies are rapidly pursuing genomics-based drug discovery programs. We believe that a system that will enable a more rapid commercialization of these newly discovered genes and the proteins these genes encode can be of significant value to drug manufacturers.
Genomics-based drug discovery generally consists of:
| • | discovering and identifying DNA sequences that make up the genes within the genome; |
| • | determining the function of the discovered genes so that their role in regulating biological processes and disease can be understood; |
| • | using information on gene function and disease relevance to assess the value of a particular gene or its protein product as a target for drug discovery; and |
| • | in the case of genes that are potential drug targets, utilizing high-volume chemistry and other drug discovery methods to target the relevant gene to produce a commercially viable drug. |
Pharmaceutical, biotechnology and academic researchers have performed the initial task of identifying genes. However, identifying the genes is only the first hurdle of several significant current impediments to genomics-based drug discovery. The next key hurdles are determining gene function, identifying which genes can serve as viable drug targets and which proteins encoded by these genes can serve as viable drug candidates. Determining gene function with respect to a biological process or disease is a complex undertaking that requires extensive and detailed physiological analysis.
Discovering Gene Function
The scientific community has attempted to find efficient methods of determining the functions of individual genes for several decades. This process is particularly challenging for the pharmaceutical industry because drug development requires a very precise understanding of potential drug discovery targets. It is important that a pharmaceutical or biotechnology researcher understands all the possible ramifications of targeting a gene or its associated protein with a drug, including any potentially serious side effects of drug administration.
The drug discovery and development process is an expensive, time-consuming and lengthy process. Before a gene can be selected as a candidate for the drug discovery and development process, its complete functional role must be determined as thoroughly as possible. Determining whether a gene is a relevant target for drug discovery is a process termed target validation. Currently, researchers generally use the standard or genetic approaches to drug target discovery and validation described below.
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Standard Approach to Target Discovery and Validation
The objective of the standard approach to target discovery is to sort through the tens of thousands of gene sequences to find ones that can be analyzed using current techniques for determining in vivo biology, or the function of the gene in a living organism. Under the standard approach, researchers:
| • | identify a gene sequence; |
| • | isolate and make an operational copy of the gene in order to facilitate physiological analysis of its function; |
| • | find the tissues where the gene is active, or expressed, which may provide clues about the potential functional role of the gene; |
| • | perform cell-based, or in vitro, experiments using potentially relevant cell types to define a potential role for the gene; and |
| • | conduct studies in a living mammal, or in vivo studies, to determine the role of the gene in a whole organism, a key step in providing confirmation of the gene as a validated target for drug discovery. |
The standard approach to target discovery is a time consuming, expensive and multi-staged process in which only a limited number of genes reach the final steps of the validation process. The lack of in vivo data early in this process can lead to the selection of genes based on criteria that do not necessarily or accurately reflect their functions in a living organism. This can lead to significant wasted time, effort and expense in selecting genes that represent valid targets.
Genetic Approach to Target Discovery and Validation
Since the function of a gene in an animal can vary widely from its function as determined by in vitro studies, it is preferable to obtain in vivo data at an early stage in the drug discovery process. To accomplish this, some pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have employed a genetic approach that initially uses non-mammalian organisms to determine in vivo function. Under the genetic approach, researchers:
| • | choose a lower organism, such as a fly or worm, based on the compatibility of the organism with the specific organ system or function to be studied; |
| • | create a functional mutation in the lower organism by using chemicals to produce a permanent genetic alteration that is reflected by an observable change in the organism; |
| • | identify the mutated gene responsible for the observed change; |
| • | find the equivalent gene in mammals; and |
| • | conduct in vivo studies to determine the role of the gene in a whole organism, a key step in providing confirmation of the gene and the protein encoded by that gene as a validated target or candidate for drug discovery. |
The genetic approach to target discovery is subject to a number of limitations. Under the genetic approach, researchers randomly mutate the genome. This may result in the identification of genes with interesting functions; however, these genes may not become valid drug targets because only certain subsets of genes are amenable to current drug discovery methods. In addition, since lower organisms are far less complex than mammals, they do not have many of the mammalian genes and their corresponding physiological functions. Thus, while lower organisms can provide information on gene function similarity with humans, their ability to provide information concerning how genes control mammalian physiology is limited. As a result, validation typically requires mammalian studies that are traditionally time-consuming and costly.
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Determining Mammalian Gene Function
During the past decade, the preferred method for determining a gene’s function in mammals has been to disrupt, or knock out, the gene in a mouse and to assess the physiological, pathological and behavioral consequences of removing the gene from the animal. The results of this analysis can determine the function and disease relevance of a particular gene and the potential of the gene and the protein encoded by that gene as a drug target or drug candidate.
Mice and humans are both higher mammals, and their genomes are similar in size and gene content. Therefore, performing knockouts of genes in mice has advantages over studies in non-mammalian organisms for defining the function and disease relevance of human genes. Additionally, mice are one of the few mammals for which approaches to genetic manipulation have been established. Because of the high degree of physiological and genetic similarity between mice and humans, the mouse gene knockout system has the potential to become an effective and widely accepted model for target validation studies.
A drawback of this model though has been the low-volume, high-cost and commercially unfeasible time-frames for production. Traditional approaches to create mouse knockouts allow a research team to create only a limited number of knockouts per year. As a result, mouse knockouts have often been used as the last step of the target validation process, if at all.
Despite the time-frame and labor intensive nature of the process, the academic scientific community has adopted the mouse knockout as a model for gene function studies. Information from these studies is often publicly available. However, this information is often fragmentary, difficult to obtain and is selectively and non-uniformly reported. In addition, when such information is available, it can be difficult to cross-reference or compare using standardized medical/scientific vocabulary or to compare with pre-existing models of disease.
Collectively, these limitations have made mouse knockouts difficult to use as a first-line drug discovery tool despite their utility in determining gene function.
Our Solution
We have developed an integrated target validation system that provides gene function information based on mouse knockouts at early stages of drug target discovery. Our solution moves directly from gene identification to determination of gene function in a mammalian organism on a commercially viable scale. Through our high-throughput system, targets are more readily identified and made available to our pharmaceutical partners and customers.
We utilize proprietary molecular biology systems to more efficiently knock out genes in mice on a large scale and conduct a detailed analysis of the resulting physiological, pathological and behavioral effects in these mice. As a result, we assess the function of the gene in a mammal that is closely related genetically and physiologically to humans.
We believe our technology platform and approach offers significant advantages over the standard and genetic approaches, including:
| • | INCREASING THE SCALE AND SPEED OF GENERATING MAMMALIAN GENE FUNCTION INFORMATION, DELIVERING FUNCTIONAL INFORMATION ON GENE TARGETS AND DISCOVERING POTENTIAL SECRETED PROTEIN DRUG CANDIDATES. For our DeltaBase product, we currently target, analyze and deliver detailed in vivo gene function information on approximately 250 different genes per year. Our proprietary high-throughput gene knockout and analysis system can be scaled-up to greater capacity if we determine additional production is required. |
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| • | REDUCING THE COST OF DETERMINING GENE FUNCTION, PROVIDING VALIDATED GENE TARGETS AND IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL SECRETED PROTEIN DRUG CANDIDATES. By providing a fully integrated target validation system as opposed to a multi-tier process, we believe we can reduce the number of steps and costs associated with the target validation process and the number of parties to whom royalties must be paid. Through our DeltaBase database product, we provide our subscribers with information on gene function and the potential of genes as viable drug targets earlier in the drug discovery process than under the standard or genetic approaches. We believe that early access to in vivo data allows selection of appropriate drug targets, increases efficiency and reduces costs by allowing our subscribers to focus on genes with high potential for successful drug development. This information may allow our subscribers to eliminate non-viable targets from potential development earlier in the discovery process. Our target validation system may also increase the efficiency and reduce the costs associated with our discovery of potential secreted protein drug candidates in our collaborative and our own internal secreted protein programs. |
| • | PRE-SELECTING COMMERCIALLY RELEVANT MAMMALIAN GENE TARGETS. We have focused our target validation efforts on gene families that we believe have the greatest potential for drug development. Worldwide genome sequencing efforts have identified many new members of the gene families currently targeted by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry, including over 2,500 members that we have initially selected that may have relevance to disease and are potential targets of drug discovery efforts. |
| • | PROVIDING ACCESS TO KNOCKOUT MAMMALIAN ANIMAL MODELS. The preclinical testing, or animal testing, of drugs has often been impeded by the lack of animal models that can represent the human disease condition. We believe our target validation system can produce and deliver relevant knockout mouse models that are of interest to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, as well as to academic and research institutions. These knockout mouse models can be used for further research and development relating to gene function and disease analysis. |
| • | ALLOWING OUR CUSTOMERS TO STORE, ACCESS, MANIPULATE AND ANALYZE GENE FUNCTION INFORMATION THAT WE GENERATE. We have developed a proprietary information technology infrastructure for the delivery, maintenance and use of the data we produce. We organize and deliver our data in a manner that we believe will provide simple and rapid accessibility. Additionally, our data is compatible with standard computing tools used by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. |
| • | RAPIDLY GENERATING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ON THE IN VIVO MAMMALIAN FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF GENES AND SECRETED PROTEINS. We are pursuing intellectual property protection for our commercially relevant gene function discoveries and under certain of our programs, plan to grant our customers certain rights to use our intellectual property. |
In addition to our gene function database programs, we have collaborative programs to discover novel, commercially relevant secreted proteins. Secreted proteins are proteins that play an important role in the formation, regulation, growth and maintenance of multi-cellular organisms. Examples of well-known secreted proteins discovered by other companies include insulin, human growth hormone, or HGH, and erythropoeitin, or EPO. Using our core technology platforms, along with our other proprietary technologies, we have developed a secreted protein program that identifies and defines the mammalian in vivo function of mammalian secreted proteins. Specifically, we have proven genetic technologies that allow us to more rapidly identify and knock out secreted proteins in mice. We believe that our secreted protein discovery programs provide a foundation for developing and commercializing proprietary therapeutic protein products.
Our Strategy
Over the past six months we have undertaken significant cost reduction actions. These actions will reduce the number of employees from a peak of approximately 450 in 2002 to approximately 150 by April 2003 and reduce the number of facilities from ten in 2002 to two facilities by April 2003 with the announced intention of
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having a single facility by mid 2003. The remaining facility will be 132,000 square feet and includes state-of-the-art animal vivarium and laboratory space as well as housing our sales and administrative personnel. At the same time we have discontinued our internal drug discovery efforts and have refocused our strategies and operations on providing drug discovery services to the biopharmaceutical industry utilizing our proprietary core mammalian in vivo transgenic technologies.
In April 2003, we secured a minimum commitment for $10 million in equity capital from existing institutional investors to purchase preferred stock in a transaction referred to here in as the private placement. The private placement is subject to shareholder approval and the satisfaction of closing conditions. In addition to the terms of the private placement, our stockholders will be asked to approve a number of other matters including a reverse stock split.
Under the terms of the private placement, the investors have agreed to purchase $10 million of preferred stock. The preferred stock is convertible into common stock on a 1:1 basis. The preferred stock will be issued at a 25% discount to the five-day average closing common stock price for the period ending three days prior to closing. The preferred stock bears no dividend, has a liquidation preference right equal to the amount invested in the preferred stock and standard and-dilution protections. The terms of the preferred stock agreement include the right to appoint designees to a total of three seats on the Board of Directors.
In connection with the private placement, we have agreed to use reasonable best efforts, as soon as reasonably practicable after the closing of the private placement, to offer stockholders of record as of the last business day prior to the closing of the private placement (other than the investors in such financing) non-transferable rights to purchase newly issued preferred stock at the same purchase price paid by the investors. The amount of preferred shares so offered to each stockholder would be sufficient to allow each such stockholder to maintain the percentage ownership interest in Deltagen, held by each such stockholder as of the last business day prior to the closing of the private placement.
Our goal is to continue to be a leader in providing in vivo derived gene function information to define the function and disease relevance of mammalian genes for the purpose of discovering and validating novel drug targets for the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. We believe our data will improve the speed, efficiency and effectiveness of drug discovery, thereby benefiting our pharmaceutical partners and customers. As we have a limited operating history and an unproven business strategy, we cannot assure you that we will succeed in achieving our goals. The key elements of our strategy include:
| • | BECOMING THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE SOURCE OF MAMMALIAN INFORMATION ON GENE FUNCTION AND TARGET VALIDATION. We intend to further expand our current technology platforms and develop new programs and systems to increase the scale, scope and depth of our ability to determine mammalian gene function. |
| • | PURSUING THE DISCOVERY AND EARLY-STAGE DEVELOPMENT OF POTENTIAL SECRETED PROTEIN DRUG CANDIDATES THROUGH OUR COLLABORATIVE SECRETED PROTEIN PROGRAM. We plan to continue the development of our secreted protein discovery program in order to provide a pipeline of secreted proteins to serve as potential drug discovery candidates with our collaborative partners. |
| • | FOCUSING ON THE COMMERCIAL NEEDS OF OUR CUSTOMERS. We plan to deliver valuable gene function information to our customers and allow them to concentrate on the drug discovery process downstream of target validation. By focusing our research process on target validation and obtaining functional information, we believe we provide our customers meaningful time and cost savings in their drug discovery efforts. |
| • | PROVIDING ADDITIONAL IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS TO FURTHER VALIDATE AND CHARACTERIZE POTENTIAL DRUG TARGETS. Utilizing our systems biology approach, we will have the ability to utilize data generated from our platform of knockout animal models and pathophysiological analysis, disease challenge models and biochemical pathway analysis to further characterize and identify potential key targets for the treatment of disease. |
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| • | PROVIDING ACCESS TO KNOCKOUT MAMMALIAN ANIMAL MODELS. The preclinical testing, or animal testing, of drugs has often been impeded by the lack of animal models that can represent the human disease condition. We believe that our target validation system can produce and deliver relevant knockout mouse models that are of interest to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, as well as academic and research institutions. These knockout mouse models can be used for further research and development related to gene function and disease analysis. |
| • | PROVIDING BREEDING SERVICES utilizing the capacity of our recently completed animal vivarium. |
| • | CONTINUING TO PURSUE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. We are employing an intellectual property strategy to secure patent, trademark and copyright protection for what we believe to be our commercially relevant inventions, products, and methods. Under certain programs and collaborations, we intend to offer our customers access to certain of our intellectual property rights. |
Our Products and Programs
We have developed and plan to continue to develop technologies, products and programs that elucidate the function and disease relevance of genes in mammalian organisms. We are developing, refining and expanding the following products and programs:
DeltaBase
Overview
DeltaBase is our proprietary database that provides information, based on knockout mouse studies, on gene function for drug discovery. We created DeltaBase to be marketed to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries to help define the role that genes play in biological processes and disease. We believe that DeltaBase is a valuable resource for mammalian gene function information.
DeltaBase has been expanding by the addition of approximately 250 different mammalian genes each year. Genes are selected for DeltaBase based on their potential to become useful drug targets. We generate information on these genes by comprehensively analyzing knockout mice generated through our proprietary, gene knockout methods. Each knockout mouse undergoes a standardized, detailed and extensive analysis in order to determine the function and role that a particular gene plays in the mouse. We believe that the body of gene function information delivered under DeltaBase provides an advantage to the drug discovery efforts of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies by reducing the time required for target validation.
Additionally, DeltaBase subscribers have access to the knockout mice used to generate this data. Access to these animals will allow DeltaBase subscribers to more rapidly pursue specific areas of interest.
DeltaBase Technologies
We designed DeltaBase to provide our subscribers with the ability to compare resulting phenotypic and gene function data across hundreds of different mammalian genes from different gene families selected for their potential commercial relevance to drug discovery. In order to generate, analyze, store, manipulate and deliver such large volumes of data and information, we have developed proprietary, high-volume, assembly-line methods to:
| • | RAPIDLY AND EFFICIENTLY GENERATE LARGE NUMBERS OF KNOCKOUT MICE ANIMAL MODELS. We utilize proprietary molecular biology systems to more efficiently knock out genes in mice on a large scale. We are able to move directly from a small amount of gene sequence information straight to the production of knockout mice and the determination of gene function. We have the capacity to analyze approximately 250 targeted gene knockouts per year for our DeltaBase program, which we believe is a significant improvement over historical, relatively limited production by others. This system can be scaled to meet market demand. |
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| • | SELECT MAMMALIAN GENES AND GENE FAMILIES TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL DRUG TARGETS. In selecting the gene families for DeltaBase, we targeted those that have demonstrated their value as drug development targets, have led to the commercialization of successfully marketed drugs and present potential additional drug development targets. The current gene families represented in DeltaBase include the G-protein coupled receptors, ion channels and proteases. As part of the gene target selection process, we utilize information technology, statistical analysis and biological information systems to extract and analyze publicly available data on the human genome to search for additional genes and gene families with potential commercial relevance to drug discovery efforts. This application of statistical and mathematical models to genetics is known as bioinformatics. To date, our bioinformatics program has focused on an initial pipeline of over 2,500 potential targets for development under DeltaBase that we believe may be of interest to prospective pharmaceutical and biotechnology subscribers. |
| • | EXTENSIVELY ANALYZE THE KNOCKOUT MICE GENERATED. We have developed and employ large-scale assembly-line analysis programs that provide detailed physiological and pathological data. This analysis is performed on all major tissues and organ systems within the mouse. Moreover, this analysis of the entire organism may provide information on possible side effects and toxicology profiles associated with each gene and its function. We believe that the DeltaBase knockout mice can serve as efficient vehicles for the generation of additional complementary information and data on gene function which would be marketed as a separate product. |
| • | ACCURATELY AND EFFICIENTLY CAPTURE, STORE, MANIPULATE AND DELIVER DATA GENERATED FROM THE ANALYSES OF KNOCKOUT MICE. DeltaBase subscribers will have the ability to access, utilize and perform multifaceted analysis on the gene function data and information contained in DeltaBase. In addition, our proprietary information technology allows our customers to perform searches of the gene function analyses contained in DeltaBase, obtain detailed scientific and pathology summaries of gene function findings and submit inquiries and questions to DeltaBase through a medical/scientific vocabulary search engine. To meet the needs of DeltaBase subscribers, the data and information is readily exportable and can be manipulated by information technology tools and other databases widely employed in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. |
Marketing and Customer Agreements
As of the end of 2002, we had DeltaBase agreements with GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, and Pfizer. Each of these agreements provides for payments aggregating approximately $15 million for non-exclusive access to information related to 750 genes selected for their biological interest that have been functionally characterized and entered into DeltaBase. Under the current DeltaBase agreements, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, and Merck have the right to access DeltaBase information on gene function based upon knockout mouse studies. As of December 31, 2002, information related to 125-150 genes remain to be provided under these agreements.
During 2002, we entered into two DeltaBase access agreements with Schering-Plough Research Institute (“Schering-Plough”) and Tanox, Inc. (“Tanox.”) These agreements provide for payments aggregating approximately $3.2 million and $545,000, respectively. Under the agreements, Schering-Plough and Tanox have non-exclusive access to a subset of DeltaBase that contains in vivo mammalian gene function information on certain genes.
In September 2001, Lexicon Genetics became a subscriber to DeltaBase as part of our litigation settlement with Lexicon. Lexicon’s subscription to DeltaBase includes non-exclusive, perpetual licenses to the 250 drug targets represented in DeltaBase as of September 2001 and the approximately 1,000 drug targets that were and are expected to be added to DeltaBase over the subsequent four years. Lexicon pays no subscription fees but will make certain milestone and royalty payments to us for therapeutic and diagnostic products developed from Lexicon’s use of DeltaBase.
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In May 2001, we entered into a DeltaBase access agreement with Vertex. Under the agreement, Vertex received non-exclusive access to a subset of DeltaBase that contains in vivo mammalian gene function information on kinases, proteases and certain other gene families. In February 2003, we received notice that Vertex was terminating the agreement.
The DeltaBase agreements grant certain non-exclusive, worldwide licenses to knockout mice, materials and intellectual property rights under DeltaBase. In addition to the foregoing subscription licensing fees, we may receive additional payments based upon the achievement of designated milestones. We cannot assure you that we will receive any milestone payments since payments are dependent upon the research, development and commercialization activities of our customers; and Deltagen’s intellectual property position.
DeltaOne
We recently launched a product line known as DeltaOne that offers access to our extensive DeltaBase portfolio of knockout mice and/or accompanying phenotypic data, as well as any corresponding intellectual property, on a gene-by-gene basis. Our current customers include Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Euroscreen S.A. and Millennium Pharmaceuticals. Through December 31, 2002, we have recognized revenue of $400,000 related to our DeltaOne program.
Secreted Protein Program
Overview
Secreted proteins represent proteins that are synthesized for export from the cell or to the surface membrane of the cell where they play a role in the communication between cells. These communication roles are essential for the formation, regulation, growth and maintenance of multi-cellular organisms. Examples of well-known secreted proteins discovered by other companies include insulin, human growth hormone and erythropoeitin, or EPO.
Secreted Protein Agreements and Collaborations
In August 2001, we entered into a secreted protein agreement with Eli Lilly (“Lilly”) to evaluate, and potentially develop and commercialize, therapeutic secreted proteins. Under the terms of the agreement, Lilly has provided potential targets from its secreted protein pipeline for which we will further evaluate the therapeutic potential in mammalian models. Among those secreted proteins with potential therapeutic value, each company may select proteins for commercial development, with each company receiving royalties based on sales of therapeutic products. The agreement provides Lilly with certain acquisition, co-promotion, co-marketing and profit-sharing options with respect to therapeutic products developed and commercialized by us. The agreement also provides us with certain co-promotion, co-development and profit-sharing opportunities.
In October 2001, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Nuvelo, formerly Hyseq, to research, develop and commercialize biopharmaceutical products based on secreted proteins. Under the terms of the agreement, Nuvelo has provided us with gene sequences encoding secreted proteins and we will utilize our proprietary in vivo mammalian gene knockout technology to discover and validate potential commercially relevant biopharmaceutical drug targets. We and Nuvelo will each have certain joint development and commercialization rights around potential biopharmaceutical drug targets discovered through the collaboration. We and Nuvelo will share the collaboration’s costs; Nuvelo will provide us with approximately $8 million in research and development payments over two years. In addition, we received $10 million in equity proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock to George B. Rathmann, Ph.D., chairman of the Board of Directors of Nuvelo.
DeltaSelect
Overview
DeltaSelect is our custom gene knockout program that uses the platform technology employed in our DeltaBase database program. Our DeltaSelect program is different, however, because our customers select and
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identify to us the particular genes that they wish to have knocked out in mice. We provide customers with access to our gene knockout technologies and the resulting knockout mice, data and information generated under each DeltaSelect program. The revenues generated from the DeltaSelect program have been $585,000, $1.3 million and $926,000 in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively, and since 2000 have become a lower percentage of total revenues per year. We anticipate that revenues from DeltaSelect will continue to become less significant to total revenues and that DeltaSelect will be utilized only under very limited circumstances to develop new technologies, product offerings and programs in collaboration with pharmaceutical companies.
We have produced customized knockout mice at the direction of our customers for a limited number of pharmaceutical companies. Currently, we have outstanding DeltaSelect knockout programs under agreements with Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck and Schering-Plough Research Institute.
DeltaSelect Technology
In addition to the proprietary platform technology developed by us, we are currently employing and developing additional technologies that can be used to create conditional knockout mice. Conditional knockout mice are mice where the gene of interest is removed under unique conditions in a specific tissue or cell type at selected and controlled times. We are currently developing conditional knockout systems for our DeltaSelect program using Cre/lox and FLP/FRT recombinase technologies.
Research Collaborations
We also enter into various research collaborations with select leading academic and other research institutions. In these research collaborations, we offer access to knockout mice to the institutions so that they can perform additional studies and analysis.
On February 19, 2002, we announced that we had signed a target validation and research collaboration agreement with Stanford University. Under the terms of the three-year collaboration, we and Stanford will mutually develop research projects for jointly selected genes under which we will provide Stanford non-exclusive access to knockout mice models using our proprietary high-throughput technology and Stanford will evaluate and conduct research on such materials. We will have options to obtain exclusive licenses to commercially develop in any and all fields certain inventions developed by Stanford. We will have rights to use, commercialize and sublicense results developed by Stanford under the research projects.
Customers
In 2000, we entered into DeltaBase Agreements with GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer that provide these companies the right to access DeltaBase information on gene function. In 2001, as part of our litigation settlement, we entered into a DeltaBase Agreement with Lexicon Genetics Incorporated. Also, in 2001, we entered into secreted protein agreements with Lilly and Nuvelo. In early 2002, we entered into a DeltaBase Agreement with Merck.
In 2002, we entered into DeltaOne agreements with Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Euroscreen S.A. and Millennium Pharmaceuticals that offer access to our DeltaBase portfolio of knockout mice and/or accompanying phenotypic data, as well as any corresponding intellectual property on a gene-by-gene basis.
Under our DeltaSelect program, we have entered into arrangements with major pharmaceutical companies where we produce customized standard, or unconditional, knockout mice. We have performed services or have continuing obligations under our DeltaSelect program for Schering-Plough Research Institute, Merck, Tularik, Inc. and GlaxoSmithKline. However, we plan to pursue future DeltaSelect arrangements only in very limited circumstances; therefore, we expect that there will be few, if any, new DeltaSelect customers.
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GlaxoSmithKline, Merck and Pfizer accounted for 23%, 35% and 25%, respectively, of our revenues in 2002.
Research and Development
Including our subsidiaries, as of December 31, 2002, we employed a total of 290 full-time equivalent employees, of which 210 were dedicated to research and development activities. We have spent substantial funds over the past three years to develop our database and other programs and expect to continue to do so in the future. Research and development expenses were $71.3 million, $45.0 million, and $26.3 million in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Since December 31, 2002 we have had reductions-in-force and now employ a total of 150 full-time equivalent employees, of which approximately 120 were dedicated to research and development activities.
Closure of Arcaris, Inc.
On July 30, 2001, we acquired Arcaris, Inc. (“Arcaris”). Located in Salt Lake City, Utah, Arcaris had developed technologies consisting of genetic, proteomic and cell-biological systems for identification and validation of drug targets and the creation of small molecule screens. The total purchase price of approximately $3,931,000 consisted of cash of approximately $450,000 and 766,894 shares of common stock valued at approximately $6,751,000 and 77,329 vested stock options valued at approximately $418,000 and direct acquisition costs of approximately $312,000. In October 2002, we issued an additional 94,095 shares of common stock related to certain earn out provisions. The acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. The subsidiary was renamed Deltagen Proteomics, Inc.
On January 6, 2002 we announced a cost savings and business realignment plan to reduce our cash expenditures. As part of this realignment plan, we closed the Salt Lake City facility that housed the Deltagen Proteomics, Inc. operations. As a result of the realignment plan, substantially all Deltagen Proteomics, Inc. activities and capabilities have ceased or been eliminated.
Acquisition and of Closure of BMSPRL, L.L.C. (formerly CombiChem, Inc.)
On February 16, 2002, we acquired the California-based BMSPRL, formerly known as CombiChem, Inc., from Bristol-Myers Squibb Company for 2,647,481 unregistered shares of our common stock valued at approximately $23,510,000 and paid certain transaction expenses of approximately $465,000. The subsidiary was renamed Deltagen Research Laboratories (“DRL”).
On October 2, 2002 we announced a cost savings and business realignment plan to reduce our cash burn rate. As part of this realignment plan, we closed the San Diego facility that housed the DRL operations. As a result of the realignment plan, substantially all DRL activities and chemistry capabilities have ceased or been eliminated.
Acquisition of XenoPharm, Inc.
On March 14, 2002, we acquired XenoPharm, a San Diego, California-based private company for 498,236 shares of our unregistered common stock valued at approximately $3.6 million and paid certain transaction expenses. Up to an additional 1,449,262 shares of common stock may be issued upon the achievement of certain key milestones. The entity became our wholly-owned subsidiary. XenoPharm, which was incorporated in November 2000, provides a proprietary technology platform to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, chemical and agricultural companies to better understand and predict reactions of foreign substances, named “xenobiotics” in human systems. XenoPharm’s XenoSensor Mice, implanted with human SXR and CAR, coupled with XenoPharm’s CleanScreen high-thoughput screening assays provide a proprietary technology platform to improve the predictive value of cell- and animal-based biomedical research.
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Intellectual Property
Our policy is to pursue patent protection in the United States around our commercially relevant products, techniques and methods. We cannot assure you, however, that we will have the financial and staffing resources to pursue patent production on all of our commercially relevant products and methods, or that any of our applications on file with the USPTO will result in the issuance of any patents, that our patent applications will have priority over others’ applications, or that, if issued, any of our patents will offer protection against our competitors. Additionally, we cannot assure you that any patent issued to us will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented in the future or that the rights created thereunder will provide a competitive advantage. Litigation may be necessary to enforce any patents issued to us, to protect trade secrets or know-how owned by us or to determine the enforceability, scope and validity of the proprietary rights of others.
Others may have filed and in the future are likely to file patent applications that are similar or identical to ours. To determine the priority of inventions, we may have to participate in interference proceedings declared by the USPTO that could result in substantial cost to us. We cannot assure you that any patent application of another will not have priority over patent applications filed by us. Our commercial success depends in part on our neither infringing patents or proprietary rights of third parties nor breaching any licenses that may relate to our technologies and products.
In addition, in certain patent offices around the world, third parties may institute opposition proceedings against our patent applications, in an effort to prevent their issuance as patents, or against issued patents that we may obtain. Such opposition proceedings may involve substantial costs and time to defend. In these instances, we cannot assure you that such third parties will not succeed in opposing the issuance of our patents or prevent the continued validity of our issued patents.
We have obtained licenses for certain technologies. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain licenses for technology patented by others on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, that we w