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As Of Filer Filing As/For/On Docs:Pgs Issuer Agent 1/09/07 CVS Corp S-4/A 7:214 Davis Polk & Ward..01/FA
Document/Exhibit Description Pages Size
1: S-4/A Pre-Effective Amendment to Registration of HTML 1,549K
Securities Issued in a
Business-Combination Transaction
2: EX-23.1 Consent of Experts or Counsel HTML 5K
3: EX-23.2 Consent of Experts or Counsel HTML 5K
4: EX-23.3 Consent of Experts or Counsel HTML 5K
5: EX-24.1 Power of Attorney HTML 12K
6: EX-99.1 Miscellaneous Exhibit HTML 13K
7: EX-99.2 Miscellaneous Exhibit HTML 16K
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| As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 9, 2007 |
| Registration No. 333-139470 |
| SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION |
| Washington, D.C. 20549 |
|
|
| AMENDMENT NO. 1 |
| TO |
| Form S-4 |
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT |
| UNDER |
| THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 |
|
|
| CVS CORPORATION | ||
| (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) | ||
| Delaware | 5912 | 05-0494040 |
|
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| One CVS Drive | ||
| Woonsocket, RI 02895 | ||
| (401) 765-1500 | ||
| (Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices) | ||
| David B. Rickard | ||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
| CVS Corporation | ||
| One CVS Drive | ||
| Woonsocket, RI 02895 | ||
| (401) 765-1500 | ||
| (Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent For Service) | ||
| Douglas A. Sgarro, Esq. | Louis Goldberg, Esq. | Sara J. Finley, Esq. | Michael J. O’Brien, Esq. |
| Executive Vice President-Strategy and | John D. Amorosi, Esq. | Senior Vice President, Secretary and | Tracey A. Zaccone, Esq. |
| Chief Legal Officer | Davis Polk & Wardwell | Assistant General Counsel | King & Spalding LLP |
| CVS Corporation | 450 Lexington Avenue | Caremark Rx, Inc. | 1185 Avenue of the Americas |
| One CVS Drive | New York, NY 10017 | 211 Commerce Street | New York, NY 10036 |
| Woonsocket, RI 02895 | (212) 450-4000 | Suite 800 | (212) 556-2100 |
| (401) 765-1500 | Nashville, TN 37201 | ||
| (615) 743-6600 | |||
|
|
|||
Approximate
date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As
soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement
and the effective time of the merger (the “Merger”) of Twain MergerSub Corp.,
a Delaware corporation formed for the purpose of the Merger and a wholly owned
subsidiary of CVS Corporation, a Delaware corporation, with and into Caremark
Rx, Inc., as described in the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November
1, 2006, attached as Annex A to the joint proxy statement/prospectus forming
part of this registration statement. |
| CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE |
|
Title of Each Class of Securities To Be Registered |
Amount To Be Registered(1) |
Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit |
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(2) |
Amount of Registration Fee(2) |
| Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | 745,887,633 | N/A | $22,233,705,898 | $2,379,007 |
| (1) | Represents the maximum number of shares of common stock, with par value $0.01 per share, of CVS Corporation (“CVS Common Stock”) estimated to be issuable upon completion of the Merger, based on the exchange ratio of 1.670 shares of CVS Common Stock for each share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Caremark Rx, Inc. (“Caremark Common Stock”) (based on 426,541,731 shares of Caremark Common Stock outstanding on December 14, 2006 and 20,097,600 shares of Caremark Common Stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of Caremark options and warrants outstanding on December 14, 2006). |
| (2) | Previously paid in connection with the initial filing of this registration statement on December 19, 2006. Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee required by Section 6(b) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), and calculated pursuant to Rules 457(f)(1) and 457(c) under the Securities Act, the proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the registrant’s common stock was calculated based upon the market value of shares of Caremark Common Stock (the securities to be cancelled in the merger) in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act as follows: the product of (1) $49.78 the av erage of the high and low prices per share of Caremark Common Stock on December 12, 2006 as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange, multiplied by (2) 446,639,331, the sum of the aggregate number of shares of Caremark Common Stock outstanding as of December 14, 2006 and the aggregate number of shares of Caremark Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Caremark options and warrants. |
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The information in this joint proxy statement/prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary joint proxy statement/prospectus is not an offer to sell and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. |
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JANUARY 9, 2007
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MERGER PROPOSED – YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT
The boards of directors of CVS Corporation and Caremark Rx, Inc. have each approved a merger agreement which provides for the combination of the two companies in a transaction structured as a merger of equals. The boards of directors of CVS and Caremark believe that the combination of the two companies will be able to create substantially more long-term stockholder value than either company could individually achieve. Following the completion of the merger, Caremark will be a wholly owned subsidiary of CVS and Caremark stockholders will own approximately 45.5% of the outstanding common stock of the combined company and CVS stockholders will own approximately 54.5% of the outstanding common stock of the combined company, in each case, on a fully diluted basis. CVS Corporation is referred to as CVS and Caremark Rx, Inc. is referred to as Caremark.
The combined company will be named CVS/Caremark Corporation and the shares of the combined company will be traded on the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE, under the symbol “CVS”.
If the merger is completed, Caremark’s stockholders will receive 1.670 shares of common stock of CVS/Caremark, for each share of Caremark common stock that they own immediately before the effective time of the merger. Caremark stockholders will receive cash for any fractional shares which they would otherwise receive in the merger. CVS stockholders will continue to own their existing shares after the merger. CVS common stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “CVS”. On [•], 2007, the last practicable day before the mailing of this document, the closing price per share of CVS common stock as reported by the NYSE was $[•].
CVS and Caremark estimate that CVS will issue approximately 712.3 million shares of CVS/Caremark common stock in the merger based on the number of shares of Caremark common stock outstanding on January 5, 2007, and will reserve an additional approximately 33.5 million shares of CVS/Caremark common stock for issuance in connection with CVS/Caremark’s assumption of Caremark’s outstanding options and warrants.
YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT. The merger cannot be completed unless, among other things, holders of Caremark common stock vote to adopt the merger agreement and approve the merger, and holders of CVS common stock and CVS Series One ESOP Convertible Preference Stock, voting together as a single class, approve the amendments to CVS’ charter and approve the issuance of CVS/Caremark common stock in the merger.
The CVS board of directors unanimously recommends that CVS stockholders vote “FOR” the amendments to the CVS charter to increase the authorized number of shares and to change the name of CVS to “CVS/Caremark Corporation” and “FOR” the issuance of CVS/Caremark common stock to Caremark stockholders in the merger. The Caremark board of directors unanimously recommends that Caremark stockholders vote “FOR” the adoption of the merger agreement and the approval of the merger.
CVS and Caremark will each hold a special meeting of their respective stockholders to vote on these proposals. Whether or not you plan to attend your company’s special meeting, please take the time to vote by completing and mailing the enclosed proxy card or submitting your proxy by telephone or through the Internet, using the procedures in the proxy voting instructions included with your proxy card. Even if you return the proxy, you may attend the special meeting and vote your shares in person.
This document describes the proposed merger and related transactions in more detail. CVS and Caremark encourage you to read this entire document carefully, including the merger agreement, which is included as Annex A, and the section discussing “Risk Factors” relating to the merger beginning on page 25.
CVS and Caremark look forward to the successful combination of the two companies.
| Thomas M. Ryan | E. Mac Crawford | |
| Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, | Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, | |
| CVS Corporation | Caremark Rx, Inc. |
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Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the merger described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus or the CVS/Caremark common stock to be issued pursuant to the merger or determined if this joint proxy statement/prospectus is accurate or adequate. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. |
This joint proxy statement/prospectus is dated January 9, 2007 and, together with the accompanying proxy card, is first being mailed or otherwise delivered to stockholders of CVS and Caremark on or about [•], 2007.
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THIS JOINT PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS INCORPORATES ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This document incorporates by reference important business and financial information about CVS and Caremark from other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which is referred to as the SEC, that are not included in or delivered with this joint proxy statement/prospectus. This information is available to you without charge upon your written or oral request. For a list of the documents incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus, see “Where You Can Find More Information” beginning on page 148. You can obtain electronic or hardcopy versions of the documents that are incorporated by reference into this document, without charge, from the Investor Relations section of each company’s website or by requesting them in writing or by telephone as set forth below:
| if you are a CVS stockholder: | if you are a Caremark stockholder: | |||||
| Electronic: | www.cvs.com (please see “Financial | Electronic: | www.caremarkrx.com (please see “SEC | |||
| Information” page or “Contact Us” | Filings” page or “Request Document” page | |||||
| page in the Investor Relations portion | in the Investor Relations portion of the | |||||
| of the site) | site) | |||||
| By Mail: | CVS Corporation | By Mail: | Caremark Rx, Inc. | |||
| One CVS Drive | 211 Commerce Street, Suite 800 | |||||
| Woonsocket, RI 02895 | Nashville, TN 37201 | |||||
| Attention: Investor Relations | Attention: Investor Relations | |||||
| E-mail Address: investorinfo@cvs.com | E-mail Address: | |||||
| investorinfo@caremark.com | ||||||
| By Telephone: | (800) 201-0938 | By Telephone: | (800) 633-9509 | |||
IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO REQUEST DOCUMENTS, PLEASE DO SO BY [•], 2007 IN ORDER TO RECEIVE THEM BEFORE YOUR SPECIAL MEETING.
VOTING ELECTRONICALLY, BY TELEPHONE OR BY MAIL
CVS stockholders of record on [•], 2007 may submit their proxies:
Caremark stockholders of record on [•], 2007 may submit their proxies:
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If you are a beneficial owner, please refer to your proxy card or the information forwarded by your bank, broker or other holder of record to see which options are available to you.
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NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
To Be Held On [•], 2007
Dear Stockholder:
A special meeting of stockholders of CVS Corporation will be held on [•], 2007 at [•] a.m., Eastern Time, at CVS’ corporate headquarters, One CVS Drive, Woonsocket, Rhode Island 02895.
The purpose of the CVS special meeting is to consider and to vote upon the following proposals:
The CVS board of directors has unanimously determined that the amendments to the CVS charter and the share issuance are advisable and in the best interests of CVS and its stockholders and recommends that CVS stockholders vote “FOR” the amendments to the CVS charter, “FOR” the issuance of CVS/Caremark common stock to Caremark stockholders in the merger and “FOR” the adjournment or postponement of the special meeting, including if necessary, to solicit additional proxies in favor of the amendments and issuance.
CVS and Caremark cannot complete the merger unless:
Your failure to vote will have the same effect as a vote against the approval of the CVS charter amendments and will make it more difficult to obtain the necessary quorum for purposes of approving the share issuance. Therefore, your vote is very important.
The close of business on [•], 2007 has been fixed as the record date, which is referred to as the CVS record date, for the determination of CVS stockholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the CVS special meeting or any adjournments or postponements of the CVS special meeting. Only holders of CVS common stock and holders of CVS Series One ESOP Convertible Preference Stock of record at the close of business on [•], 2007 are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the CVS special meeting or any adjournments or postponements of the CVS special meeting. All CVS Series One ESOP Convertible Preference Stock, which is referred to as the CVS ESOP preference stock, is held by the Bank of New York, as Trustee under the 401(k) Plan and the Employee Stock Ownership Plan of CVS Corporation and Affiliated Companies, which is referred to as the CVS Plan. The CVS Plan consists of both a 401(k) Plan and an Employee Stock Ownership Plan. Each participant in the CVS Plan instructs the trustee of the CVS Plan how to vote his or her shares of (i) CVS ESOP preference stock and (ii) CVS common stock held in the CVS Plan. Unallocated shares of CVS ESOP preference stock and CVS common stock held in the CVS Plan and shares of CVS ESOP preference stock and CVS common stock held in the CVS Plan with respect to which the trustee of the CVS Plan receives no timely voting instructions will be voted by the trustee of the CVS Plan in the same proportion as it votes all the shares as to which such trustee has received timely voting instructions. A list of the holders of CVS common stock entitled to vote at the CVS special meeting will be available for examination by any CVS stockholder, for any purpose germane to the CVS special meeting, at CVS’ principal executive offices at One CVS Drive, Woonsocket, Rhode Island 02895, for ten days before the CVS special meeting, between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m., and at the CVS special meeting during the entire time of the meeting.
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We direct your attention to the joint proxy statement/prospectus accompanying this notice for a more complete statement regarding the matters proposed to be acted upon at the meeting. We encourage you to read the entire joint proxy statement/prospectus carefully, including the merger agreement, which is included as Annex A to the joint proxy statement/prospectus, and the section discussing “Risk Factors” beginning on page 25.
SO THAT YOUR SHARES WILL BE REPRESENTED WHETHER OR NOT YOU ATTEND THE CVS SPECIAL MEETING, PLEASE VOTE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE BY MAIL, BY TELEPHONE OR THROUGH THE INTERNET. INSTRUCTIONS ON THESE DIFFERENT WAYS TO VOTE YOUR PROXY ARE FOUND ON THE ENCLOSED WHITE PROXY FORM. YOU MAY REVOKE YOUR PROXY AT ANY TIME BEFORE IT IS VOTED AT THE CVS SPECIAL MEETING. REMEMBER, YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT, SO PLEASE ACT TODAY!
| By Order of the Board of Directors, | |
| Thomas M. Ryan | |
| Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer |
[•], 2007
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NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
To Be Held On [•], 2007
Dear Caremark Stockholder:
Caremark is pleased to invite you to attend a special meeting of the stockholders of Caremark Rx, Inc. which will be held on [•], 2007 at [•] a.m., Central Time, at Caremark’s corporate headquarters at 211 Commerce Street, Suite 800, Nashville, Tennessee 37201.
The purpose of the Caremark special meeting is to consider and to vote upon the following proposals:
The Caremark board of directors has unanimously determined that the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated by it, including the merger, are advisable and in the best interests of Caremark and its stockholders, unanimously approved and adopted the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated by it, including the merger, and recommends that the Caremark stockholders vote “FOR” the adoption of the merger agreement and the approval of the merger and “FOR” the adjournment or postponement of the Caremark special meeting, including if necessary, to solicit additional proxies in favor of such adoption and approval.
CVS and Caremark cannot complete the merger unless the proposal to adopt the merger agreement and to approve the merger is approved by holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Caremark common stock entitled to vote at the Caremark special meeting.
Your failure to vote will have the same effect as a vote against the adoption of the merger agreement and the approval of the merger. Therefore, your vote is very important.
The close of business on [•], 2007 has been fixed as the record date, which is referred to as the Caremark record date, for the determination of Caremark stockholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Caremark special meeting or any adjournments or postponements of the Caremark special meeting. Only holders of record of Caremark common stock at the close of business on the Caremark record date are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Caremark special meeting. A complete list of stockholders entitled to vote at the Caremark special meeting will be available for examination by any of Caremark’s stockholders at Caremark’s headquarters at 211 Commerce Street, Suite 800, Nashville, Tennessee 37201 for purposes pertaining to the Caremark special meeting, during normal business hours, for a period of 10 days before the Caremark special meeting, and at the time and place of the Caremark special meeting.
We direct your attention to the joint proxy statement/prospectus accompanying this notice for more detailed information regarding the matters proposed to be acted upon at the Caremark special meeting. You are encouraged to read the entire joint proxy statement/prospectus carefully, including the merger agreement, which is included as Annex A to the joint proxy statement/prospectus, and “Risk Factors” beginning on page 25 of the joint proxy statement/prospectus.
SO THAT YOUR SHARES WILL BE REPRESENTED WHETHER OR NOT YOU ATTEND THE CAREMARK SPECIAL MEETING, PLEASE VOTE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE BY (1) ACCESSING THE INTERNET WEBSITE SPECIFIED ON YOUR WHITE PROXY CARD; (2) CALLING THE TOLL-FREE NUMBER SPECIFIED ON YOUR WHITE PROXY CARD; OR (3) SIGNING, DATING AND MAILING THE ENCLOSED WHITE PROXY CARD SO THAT YOUR SHARES MAY BE REPRESENTED AT THE CAREMARK SPECIAL MEETING. YOU MAY REVOKE YOUR PROXY AT ANY TIME BEFORE IT IS VOTED AT THE CAREMARK SPECIAL MEETING BY FOLLOWING THE PROCEDURES SET FORTH IN THE ACCOMPANYING JOINT PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS. REMEMBER, YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT, SO PLEASE ACT PROMPTLY.
| By Order of the Board of Directors, | |
| E. Mac Crawford | |
| Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer |
[•], 2007
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| Page | Page | |||
| QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE | MATERIAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX | |||
| MERGER | 1 | CONSEQUENCES OF THE MERGER | 93 | |
| SUMMARY | 6 | General | 93 | |
| The Companies | 6 | U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences to | ||
| The Merger | 7 | Caremark Stockholders | 94 | |
| SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED | U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences to | |||
| FINANCIAL DATA OF CVS | 18 | CVS Stockholders | 94 | |
| SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED | REGULATORY AND OTHER APPROVALS | |||
| FINANCIAL DATA OF CAREMARK | 20 | REQUIRED FOR THE MERGER | 95 | |
| SUMMARY UNAUDITED PRO FORMA | U.S. Antitrust Filing | 95 | ||
| FINANCIAL DATA | 21 | THE COMPANIES | 97 | |
| COMPARATIVE PER SHARE INFORMATION. | 22 | CVS | 97 | |
| COMPARATIVE PER SHARE MARKET PRICE | Caremark | 97 | ||
| AND DIVIDEND INFORMATION | 23 | THE MERGER AGREEMENT | 99 | |
| RISK FACTORS | 25 | Explanatory Note Regarding Summary of | ||
| Risks Related to the Merger | 25 | Merger Agreement and Representations | ||
| Risks Related to CVS, Caremark and the | and Warranties in the Merger Agreement. | 99 | ||
| Combined Company | 29 | Structure of the Merger | 99 | |
| CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING | Timing of Closing | 99 | ||
| FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS | 35 | Merger Consideration | 99 | |
| THE MERGER | 37 | Exchange of Shares | 100 | |
| Structure of the Merger | 37 | Fractional Shares | 100 | |
| Merger Consideration | 37 | Caremark Stock Options | 100 | |
| Background of the Merger | 37 | Listing of CVS/Caremark Stock | 101 | |
| Rationale for the Merger | 46 | CVS Governance and Related Matters | 101 | |
| CVS Reasons for the Merger | 49 | Representations and Warranties | 101 | |
| Recommendations of the CVS Board of | Certain Covenants | 103 | ||
| Directors | 51 | Conditions to Completion of the Merger | 107 | |
| CVS Projections | 51 | Termination | 108 | |
| Opinions of Financial Advisors to the CVS | Termination Fees | 109 | ||
| Board of Directors | 52 | Other Expenses | 110 | |
| Interests of CVS Executive Officers and | Amendments; Waivers | 110 | ||
| Directors in the Merger | 69 | THE CVS SPECIAL MEETING | 111 | |
| Caremark Reasons for the Merger | 69 | Date, Time and Place | 111 | |
| Recommendations of the Caremark Board of | Purpose of the CVS Special Meeting | 111 | ||
| Directors | 73 | Board Recommendations | 111 | |
| Caremark Projections | 73 | CVS Record Date; Shares Entitled to Vote | 111 | |
| Opinions of Financial Advisors to Caremark | 74 | Quorum Requirement | 112 | |
| Interests of Caremark Executive Officers and | Stock Ownership of CVS Executive Officers | |||
| Directors in the Merger | 81 | and Directors | 112 | |
| Accounting Treatment | 89 | Votes Required to Approve CVS Proposals | 113 | |
| Board of Directors and Management of | Voting of Proxies | 113 | ||
| CVS/Caremark Following the Merger; | Revocation of Proxies | 114 | ||
| Headquarters | 89 | Solicitation of Proxies | 115 | |
| Repurchases of Caremark Common Stock | 90 | Householding | 115 | |
| Federal Securities Laws Consequences; Stock | THE CAREMARK SPECIAL MEETING | 116 | ||
| Transfer Restriction Agreements | 90 | Date, Time and Place | 116 | |
| No Appraisal Rights | 90 | Purpose of the Caremark Special Meeting | 116 | |
| Caremark Warrants | 91 | Board Recommendations | 116 | |
| Merger-Related Litigation | 91 |
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| Caremark Record Date; Shares Entitled to | Authorized Capital Stock | 123 | ||
| Vote | 116 | CVS Common Stock | 123 | |
| Quorum Requirement | 116 | CVS Preferred Stock and Preference Stock | 124 | |
| Stock Ownership of Caremark Executive | Transfer Agent and Registrar | 125 | ||
| Officers and Directors | 117 | Stock Exchange Listing; Delisting and | ||
| Votes Required to Approve Caremark | Deregistration of Caremark Common | |||
| Proposals | 117 | Stock | 125 | |
| Voting of Proxies | 117 | COMPARISON OF STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS | 126 | |
| Revocation of Proxies | 118 | UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED | ||
| Solicitation of Proxies | 119 | COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 138 | |
| Householding | 119 | Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed | ||
| CVS CHARTER AMENDMENT | 120 | Combined Financial Statements | 142 | |
| Increase of Authorized Common Stock | 120 | LEGAL MATTERS | 147 | |
| Name Change | 120 | INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC | ||
| CVS BYLAWS AMENDMENT | 121 | ACCOUNTING FIRM | 147 | |
| Corporate Governance | 121 | FUTURE STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS | 147 | |
| Chairman of the Board | 121 | CVS | 147 | |
| Chief Executive Officer | 121 | Caremark | 147 | |
| Headquarters | 122 | WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE | ||
| Other Changes to Bylaws | 122 | INFORMATION | 148 | |
| Amendments | 122 | PART II INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN | ||
| DESCRIPTION OF CVS CAPITAL STOCK | 123 | PROSPECTUS | II-1 |
| LIST OF ANNEXES | ||
| Annex A | Agreement and Plan of Merger | |
| Annex B | CVS Charter Amendment | |
| Annex C | Amended and Restated CVS Bylaws | |
| Annex D | Opinion of Evercore Group L.L.C. | |
| Annex E | Opinion of Lehman Brothers Inc. | |
| Annex F | Opinion of UBS Securities LLC | |
| Annex G | Opinion of J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. | |
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE MERGER
| Q: | What will happen in the transaction? |
| A: | CVS and Caremark are proposing to combine the two companies in a merger of equals transaction. In the merger, a wholly owned subsidiary of CVS that was formed for the purpose of the merger will be merged with and into Caremark, and Caremark will survive the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of CVS. The combined company will be named CVS/Caremark Corporation. Caremark stockholders will have their shares of Caremark common stock converted into newly issued shares of common stock of CVS/Caremark Corporation, and CVS stockholders will retain their existing shares of CVS common stock and CVS Series One ESOP Convertible Preference Stock, which is referred to as CVS ESOP preference stock. CVS and Caremark expect that, upon completion of the merger, approximately 45.5% of the outstanding common stock of the combined company on a fully diluted basis will be held by former Caremark stockholders, and approximately 54.5% of the outstanding common stock of the combined company on a fully diluted basis will be held by former CVS stockholders. |
| In the merger, CVS’ Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, which is referred to as the CVS charter, will be amended to increase the number of authorized shares of CVS common stock from 1 billion to 3.2 billion and to change CVS’ name to CVS/Caremark Corporation. These changes are described under the section entitled “CVS Charter Amendment” beginning on page 120. | |
| Q: | What will I receive in the merger? |
| A: | CVS Stockholders. Each share of CVS common stock and CVS ESOP preference stock held by CVS stockholders immediately before the merger will continue to represent one share of CVS/Caremark common stock and one share of ESOP preference stock of the combined company, as applicable, after the effective time of the merger. In other words, CVS stockholders will receive no consideration in the merger. |
| Caremark Stockholders. For each share of Caremark common stock held, Caremark stockholders will have the right to receive 1.670 shares of CVS/Caremark common stock. At the effective time of the merger, each share of Caremark common stock will be cancelled and converted automatically into the right to receive 1.670 shares of CVS/Caremark common stock. Caremark stockholders will receive cash for any fractional shares of CVS/Caremark common stock that they would otherwise receive in the merger. The amount of cash for fractional shares will be calculated by multiplying the fraction of a share of CVS/Caremark common stock to which the Caremark stockholder would be entitled to receive in the merger by the closing sale price of a share of CVS/Caremark common stock on the first trading day immediately following the effective time of the merger. | |
| Q: | When and where are the CVS and Caremark special meetings? |
| A: | CVS Special Meeting. A special meeting of CVS stockholders, which is referred to as the CVS special meeting, will be held on [•], 2007 at [•] a.m., Eastern Time, at CVS’ corporate headquarters, One CVS Drive, Woonsocket, Rhode Island 02895, to consider and vote on proposals related to the merger. |
| Caremark Special Meeting. A special meeting of Caremark stockholders, which is referred to as the Caremark special meeting, will be held on [•], 2007 at [•] a.m., Central Time, at Caremark’s corporate headquarters, at 211 Commerce Street, Suite 800, Nashville, Tennessee 37201 to consider and vote on proposals related to the merger. | |
| Q: | What stockholder votes are required? |
| A: | CVS stockholders are being asked to approve two separate proposals that are necessary to complete the merger. The completion of the merger requires: |
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| The CVS board of directors recommends that CVS stockholders vote “FOR” the amendments of the CVS charter to increase the number of authorized shares of CVS common stock and to rename the combined company CVS/Caremark Corporation and “FOR” the issuance of CVS/Caremark common stock in connection with the merger. | |
| Caremark stockholders are being asked to adopt the merger agreement and approve the merger, which requires the approval of holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Caremark common stock entitled to vote at the Caremark special meeting. | |
| The Caremark board of directors recommends that Caremark stockholders vote “FOR” the adoption of the merger agreement and approval of the merger. | |
| Q: | Why is my vote important? |
| A: | In order to complete the merger, Caremark stockholders must adopt the merger agreement and approve the merger, and CVS stockholders must approve the issuance of CVS/Caremark common stock to Caremark stockholders in the merger and the amendments to the CVS charter to increase the number of authorized shares of CVS common stock and to rename the combined company CVS/Caremark Corporation. |
| If you are a CVS stockholder and you abstain from voting or do not vote (either in person or by proxy), or fail to direct your broker how to vote, it will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the proposal to approve the amendments to the CVS charter. If you abstain or do not vote (either in person or by proxy), or fail to direct your broker how to vote, it will have no effect in determining whether the issuance of shares of CVS/Caremark common stock to Caremark stockholders in the merger will be approved, but will not be considered to be a “vote cast” for purposes of this proposal, making it more difficult to satisfy the 50% “vote cast” quorum requirement for the proposal. | |
| If you are a Caremark stockholder and you abstain from voting or do not vote (either in person or by proxy), or fail to direct your broker how to vote, it will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the proposal to adopt the merger agreement and to approve the merger. | |
| Q: | Are the issuance of CVS/Caremark common stock in the merger and the CVS charter amendments each conditioned upon each other? |
| A: | Yes. The proposal to amend the CVS charter and the proposal to issue shares of CVS/Caremark common stock to Caremark stockholders in the merger are each conditioned upon the approval of the other and the approval of each such proposal is a condition to completion of the merger. Neither the issuance of CVS/Caremark common stock in connection with the merger nor the amendments of the CVS charter will take place unless both of these proposals are approved by the CVS stockholders and the merger is completed. Therefore, the completion of the merger cannot proceed without the approval of both proposals. |
| Q: | What do I do if I want to change my vote? |
| A: | You can change your vote at any time before your proxy is voted at your stockholders’ meeting. You can do this in one of four ways: |
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| If you choose either of the first two methods, you must send your notice of revocation or your new proxy to your company’s Corporate Secretary at the address under “The Companies” beginning on page 97 no later than the beginning of the applicable special meeting. If you are a CVS stockholder, you can find further details on how to revoke your proxy in “The CVS Special Meeting—Revocation of Proxies” beginning on page 114. If you are a Caremark stockholder, you can find further details on how to revoke your proxy in “The Caremark Special Meeting—Revocation of Proxies” beginning on page 118. | |
| Q: | If my shares are held in “street name” by my broker, will my broker vote my shares for me? |
| A: | No. Your broker is not permitted to decide how your shares should be voted. Your broker will only vote your shares on a proposal if you provide your broker with voting instructions on that proposal. You should instruct your broker to vote your shares by following the directions that your broker provides you. Please check the voting information form used by your broker to see if it offers telephone or Internet voting. |
| A broker non-vote occurs when a beneficial owner fails to provide voting instructions to his or her broker as to how to vote the shares held by the broker in street name and the broker does not have discretionary authority to vote without instructions. Brokers do not have discretionary authority to vote on any of the Caremark proposals or CVS proposals. By signing your proxy card and returning it to your broker without specific instructions as to any proposal, your shares represented by that proxy will be voted in favor of that proposal. Any shares you beneficially own not identified as represented by that proxy will be considered broker non- votes. See “The CVS Special Meeting” beginning on page 111 and “The Caremark Special Meeting” beginning on page 116. | |
| Q: | What if I fail to instruct my broker with respect to those items that are necessary to consummate the merger? |
| A: | If you are a CVS stockholder: |
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| If you are a Caremark stockholder, a broker non-vote will be counted towards a quorum at the Caremark special meeting, but will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the proposal to adopt the merger agreement and approve the merger. | |
| For additional information, see “The CVS Special Meeting—Votes Required to Approve CVS Proposals” beginning on page 113 if you are a CVS stockholder, and “The Caremark Special Meeting—Votes Required to Approve Caremark Proposals” beginning on page 117 if you are a Caremark stockholder. | |
| Q: | What do I do now? |
| A: | Carefully read and consider the information contained in and incorporated by reference into this document, including its annexes. |
| In order for your shares to be represented at your stockholders’ meeting: | |
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| Q: | Should I send in my stock certificates now? |
| A: | No. Caremark stockholders should not send in their stock certificates at this time. If the merger proceeds, CVS’ exchange agent will send former Caremark stockholders a letter of transmittal explaining what they must do to exchange their Caremark stock certificates or transfer uncertificated shares for the merger consideration payable to them. |
| CVS stockholders will retain their current stock certificates after the merger and should not send in their stock certificates. | |
| Q: | Can I dissent and require appraisal of my shares? |
| A: | No. Under Delaware law, CVS and Caremark stockholders have no right to an appraisal of the value of their shares in connection with the merger. |
| Q: | Are there risks involved in undertaking the merger? |
| A: | Yes. In evaluating the merger, CVS and Caremark stockholders should carefully consider the factors discussed in “Risk Factors” beginning on page 25 and other information about CVS and Caremark included in the documents incorporated by reference into this document. |
| Q: | When do you expect to complete the merger? |
| A: | CVS and Caremark are working to complete the merger as quickly as practicable. However, CVS and Caremark cannot assure you when or if the merger will be completed. Completion of the merger is subject to satisfaction or waiver of the conditions specified in the merger agreement, including receipt of the necessary approvals of CVS’ and Caremark’s stockholders at their respective special meeting and any necessary regulatory approvals. It is possible that factors outside the control of both companies could result in the merger being completed later than expected. Although the exact timing of completion of the merger cannot be predicted with certainty, CVS and Caremark anticipate completing the merger in the first quarter of 2007. See “The Merger Agreement—Conditions to Completion of the Merger” beginning on page 107. |
| Q: | Do the Caremark stockholders have to vote on the merger with CVS at the Caremark special meeting if Caremark has changed its recommendation of the merger with CVS? |
| A: | Yes, unless CVS terminates the merger agreement before the Caremark special meeting, Caremark stockholders will be asked to vote on the merger with CVS even if Caremark has changed its recommendation of the merger with CVS consistent with the terms of the merger agreement. |
| Q: | Whom should I call with questions? |
| A: | CVS Stockholders. If you have additional questions about the merger, you should contact: |
| CVS Corporation | |
| One CVS Drive | |
| Woonsocket, RI 02895 | |
| Attention: Investor Relations | |
| Phone Number: (800) 201-0938 | |
| E-mail Address: investorinfo@cvs.com |
If you would like additional copies of this document, or if you have questions about the merger or need assistance voting your shares, you should contact: |
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| Morrow & Co., Inc. |
| 470 West Avenue |
| Stamford, CT 06902 |
| Phone Number: (800) 245-1502 (toll-free) |
| Caremark Stockholders. If you have additional questions about the merger, you should contact: |
| Caremark Rx, Inc. |
| 211 Commerce Street, Suite 800 |
| Nashville, TN 37201 |
| Attention: Investor Relations |
| Phone Number: (800) 633-9509 |
| E-mail Address: investorinfo@caremark.com |
| If you would like additional copies of this document, have questions about the merger or need assistance voting |
| your shares, you should contact: |
| Innisfree M&A Incorporated |
| 501 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor |
| New York, NY 10022 |
| Phone Number: Stockholders: (877) 750-9498 (toll-free) |
| Phone Number: Banks and Brokers: (212) 750-5833 (collect) |
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SUMMARY
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this document. It does not contain all of the information that may be important to you. You are urged to read carefully this entire document, including the attached annexes, and the other documents to which this document refers you in order for you to fully understand the proposed merger. See “Where You Can Find More Information” beginning on page 148. Each item in this summary refers to the page of this document on which that subject is discussed in more detail.
The Companies
| CVS Corporation (see page 97) |
| One CVS Drive |
| Woonsocket, Rhode Island 02895 |
| (401) 765-1500 |
| http://investor.cvs.com1 |
CVS is a leader in the retail drug industry in the U.S. operating approximately 6200 retail and specialty pharmacy stores in 43 states and the District of Columbia, which is more stores than any other pharmacy chain. CVS currently operates in 71 of the top 100 U.S. drugstore markets and holds the number one or number two market share in 50 of these markets. CVS serves the healthcare needs of its customers through a number of distribution channels, including CVS/pharmacy stores, CVS.com (its online pharmacy), MinuteClinic, its retail-based health clinic subsidiary, and PharmaCare, its pharmacy benefit management, mail services and specialty pharmacy subsidiary.
| Caremark Rx, Inc. (see page 97) |
| 211 Commerce Street, Suite 800 |
| Nashville, Tennessee 37201 |
| (615) 743-6600 |
| http://www.caremark.com2 |
Caremark Rx, Inc. is a leading pharmaceutical services company in the United States. Caremark’s operations are conducted primarily through its subsidiaries, Caremark Inc. and CaremarkPCS (f/k/a AdvancePCS) and involve the design and administration of programs aimed at reducing the costs and improving the safety, effectiveness and convenience of prescription drug use. Caremark’s customers are primarily employers, insurance companies, unions, government employee groups, managed care organizations and other sponsors of health benefit plans and individuals throughout the United States. In addition, Caremark, through its SilverScript insurance subsidiary is a national provider of drug benefits to eligible beneficiaries under the federal government’s Medicare Part D program.
Caremark operates a national retail pharmacy network with over 60,000 participating pharmacies (including CVS/pharmacy stores), 7 mail service pharmacies, 21 specialty mail service pharmacies and the industry’s only repackaging plant regulated by the Food & Drug Administration. Through its Accordant disease management offering, Caremark also provides disease management programs for 27 conditions. Twenty-one of these programs are accredited by the National Committee for Quality Assurance.
1 The information contained on CVS’ website is expressly not incorporated by reference into this document. |
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2 The information contained on Caremark’s website is expressly not incorporated by reference into this document. |
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The Merger
The Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 1, 2006, among CVS, Caremark and Twain MergerSub Corp., which is referred to as the merger agreement, is attached as Annex A to this document. Caremark and CVS encourage you to read carefully the merger agreement in its entirety because it is the principal legal agreement that governs the merger.
Structure of the Merger (see page 37)
Subject to the terms and conditions of the merger agreement and in accordance with Delaware law, at the effective time of the merger, Twain MergerSub Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of CVS formed for the purpose of the merger, will merge with and into Caremark. After the merger is completed, Caremark will be a wholly owned subsidiary of CVS, and the combined company will change its name to CVS/Caremark Corporation. Accordingly, after the effective time of the merger, shares of Caremark common stock will no longer be publicly traded.
Merger Consideration (see page 99)
Caremark Stockholders. As a result of the merger, Caremark stockholders will be entitled to receive, for each share of Caremark common stock that they own, 1.670 shares of CVS/Caremark common stock. The number of shares of CVS/Caremark common stock delivered in respect of each share of Caremark common stock in the merger is referred to as the exchange ratio. The combined company will not issue any fractional shares of CVS/Caremark common stock in the merger. Instead, Caremark stockholders will receive cash for any fractional shares of CVS/Caremark common stock that they otherwise would receive in the merger. The amount of cash for fractional shares will be calculated by multiplying the fraction of a share of CVS/Caremark common stock to which the Caremark stockholder would be entitled to receive in the merger by the closing sale price of a share of CVS/Caremark common stock on the first trading day immediately following the effective time of the merger. The CVS/Caremark common stock received based on the exchange ratio, together with any cash received in lieu of fractional shares, is referred to as the merger consideration. For more information about fractional share treatment, please see “The Merger Agreement—Fractional Shares” beginning on page 100 and for more information about the treatment of Caremark options, please see “The Merger Agreement—Caremark Stock Options” beginning on page 100.
CVS Stockholders. CVS stockholders will continue to own their existing shares of CVS common stock and CVS ESOP preference stock after the merger. Each share of CVS common stock or CVS ESOP preference stock will represent one share of common stock or ESOP preference stock, respectively, in the combined company. CVS stockholders should not send in their stock certificates in connection with the merger.
Ownership of the Combined Company After the Merger
The combined company will issue approximately 712.3 million shares of CVS/Caremark common stock to Caremark stockholders in the merger based on the number of shares of Caremark common stock outstanding on January 5, 2007. At the completion of the merger, it is expected that there will be outstanding approximately 1.56 billion shares of common stock of the combined company. The shares of CVS/Caremark common stock issued to Caremark stockholders in the merger will represent approximately 45.5% of the outstanding common stock of the combined company immediately after the merger on a fully diluted basis including shares reserved for issuance upon exercise of options and warrants. Shares of CVS/Caremark common stock held by CVS stockholders will represent approximately 54.5% of the outstanding common stock of the combined company immediately after the merger on a fully diluted basis.
Comparative Market Prices and Share Information (see page 22 and page 23)
CVS common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “CVS”. Caremark common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “CMX”. The following table sets forth the closing sale prices of CVS common stock as reported on the NYSE and the closing sale prices of Caremark common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, each on October 31, 2006, the last trading day before CVS and Caremark announced the transaction, and
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on [•], 2007. This table also shows the implied value of a Caremark common share, which was calculated by multiplying the closing price of CVS common stock on those dates by the exchange ratio of 1.670.
| CVS Common Stock | Caremark Common Stock | Implied Value of Caremark
Common Stock |
||||
| October 31, 2006 | $31.38 | $49.23 | $52.40 | |||
| [•], 2007 | $[•] | $[•] | $[•] |
The market prices of CVS common stock and Caremark common stock will fluctuate before the special meetings and before the merger is completed. Therefore, you should obtain current market quotations for CVS common stock and Caremark common stock.
Recommendations to Stockholders
Recommendations to CVS Stockholders. The CVS board of directors has unanimously determined that the merger agreement and the merger and other transactions contemplated therein, including the issuance of CVS/Caremark common stock and the amendments to CVS’ charter are advisable and in the best interests of CVS and its stockholders. The CVS board of directors recommends that CVS stockholders vote:
For additional information see “The CVS Special Meeting—Board Recommendations” beginning on page 111.
Recommendations to Caremark Stockholders. The Caremark board of directors has unanimously determined that the merger agreement and the merger contemplated by the merger agreement are advisable and in the best interests of Caremark and its stockholders. The Caremark board of directors recommends that Caremark stockholders vote:
For additional information see “The Caremark Special Meeting—Board Recommendations” beginning on page 116.
Opinions of Financial Advisors (see pages 52 and 74)
CVS. In connection with the merger, the CVS board of directors received separate oral opinions, which were followed later by the delivery of separate written opinions from CVS’ financial advisors, Evercore Group L.L.C., which is referred to as Evercore, and Lehman Brothers Inc., which is referred to as Lehman Brothers, as to the fairness, from a financial point of view and as of the date of such opinions, of the exchange ratio provided for in the merger to CVS. The written opinions of Evercore and Lehman Brothers, each dated November 1, 2006, are attached to this document as Annex D and Annex E, respectively. CVS stockholders are encouraged to read these opinions carefully in their entirety for a description of the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and qualifications and limitations on the review undertaken. Evercore’s and Lehman Brothers’ opinions as to the fairness, from a financial point of view, of the exchange ratio to CVS were provided to the CVS board of directors in connection with its evaluation of the exchange ratio from a financial point of view, do not address any other aspect of the merger and do not constitute a recommendation to any stockholder as to how to vote or act with respect to the merger.
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Caremark. In connection with the merger, the Caremark board of directors received separate oral opinions, which were followed later by the delivery of separate written opinions from Caremark’s financial advisors, UBS Securities LLC, which is referred to as UBS, and J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., which is referred to as JPMorgan, as to the fairness, from a financial point of view and as of the date of such opinions, of the exchange ratio provided for in the merger. The written opinions of UBS and JPMorgan, each dated November 1, 2006, are attached to this document as Annex F and Annex G, respectively. Holders of Caremark common stock are encouraged to read these opinions carefully in their entirety for a description of the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken. UBS’ and JPMorgan’s opinions as to the fairness, from a financial point of view, of the exchange ratio were provided to the Caremark board of directors in connection with its evaluation of the exchange ratio from a financial point of view, do not address any other aspect of the merger and do not constitute a recommendation to any stockholder as to how to vote or act with respect to the merger.
Treatment of Caremark Options (see page 100)
At the effective time of the merger, each outstanding option to purchase shares of Caremark common stock, which is referred to as a Caremark option, will be converted into an option to purchase shares of CVS/Caremark common stock on the same terms and conditions as were applicable before the merger except that each option will allow the holder thereof to purchase a number of shares of CVS/Caremark common stock equal to (1) the number of shares of Caremark common stock subject to the Caremark option before the completion of the merger multiplied by (2) 1.670, rounded down to the nearest whole share. In addition, at the effective time of the merger, each option to purchase shares of the combined company common stock will have an exercise price per share equal to (1) the aggregate exercise price required to purchase all shares of Caremark common stock subject to the Caremark option before the completion of the merger divided by (2) the number of shares of CVS/Caremark common stock subject to the option after completion of the merger, rounded up to the nearest whole cent.
Interests of CVS’ and Caremark’s Executive Officers and Directors in the Merger (see pages 69 and 81)
When you consider the CVS and Caremark board of directors’ respective recommendations that stockholders vote in favor of the proposals described in this document, you should be aware that (1) some Caremark executive officers and directors may have interests that may be different from, or in addition to, Caremark stockholders’ interests, including but not limited to, their receipt of severance benefits under existing Caremark employment arrangements, entry into employment arrangements with the combined company, accelerated vesting of Caremark options and participation in various benefits plans and (2) some CVS executive officers and directors may have interests that may be different from, or in addition to, CVS stockholders’ interests.
No Appraisal or Dissenters’ Rights (see page 90)
Under Delaware law, CVS and Caremark stockholders have no right to an appraisal of the value of their shares in connection with the merger.
Material Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger (see page 93)
A Caremark stockholder’s receipt of CVS/Caremark common stock in the merger will generally be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, except for taxes that may result from any receipt of cash in lieu of a fractional share of CVS/Caremark common stock. There will be no U.S. federal income tax consequences to a holder of CVS common stock as a result of the Merger.
The U.S. federal income tax consequences described above may not apply to some holders of Caremark common stock, including some types of holders specifically referred to on page 93. Accordingly, please consult your tax advisor for a full understanding of the particular tax consequences of the merger to you.
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Accounting Treatment (see page 89).
CVS/Caremark will account for the merger under the purchase method of accounting for business transactions. In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., which is referred to as U.S. GAAP, CVS will be considered the acquiror of Caremark for accounting purposes.
Regulatory Approvals (see page 95)
The merger is subject to review by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, the U.S. Department of Justice and state antitrust authorities pursuant to applicable federal and state antitrust laws. Under the provisions of the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder, which is referred to as the HSR Act, the merger cannot be completed until the companies have made required notifications, given certain information and materials to the Federal Trade Commission and to the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice and a required waiting period has expired or been terminated. CVS and Caremark filed the required notification and report forms with the Antitrust Division and the Federal Trade Commission on November 20, 2006. On December 20, 2006, the initial waiting period required under the HSR Act expired without a request for additional information from the Federal Trade Commission. CVS and Caremark have been informed that Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia and the District of Columbia are reviewing the merger from an antitrust perspective. CVS and Caremark have cooperated and will continue to cooperate with these states in their review.
As described further under “Risk Factors”, Caremark’s and CVS’ businesses are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations including, but not limited to, healthcare regulatory laws and regulations applicable to the following: the licensure and regulation of pharmacies and pharmacists and other healthcare professionals; Medicare, Medicaid and other government reimbursement programs; the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA; the storage, advertisement, promotion, sale and distribution of controlled substances and other products; and the like. Certain of these healthcare regulatory laws and regulations may require filings or approvals in connection with the completion of the merger; however, it is not expected that (1) any such filings or approvals would delay the merger or (2) the failure to make any such filings or obtain any such approvals prior to the merger would have a material adverse effect on either of CVS or Caremark.
Listing of CVS/Caremark Common Stock (see page 101)
CVS has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the shares of CVS/Caremark common stock to be issued in the merger and the shares of CVS/Caremark common stock to be reserved for issuance upon exercise of the Caremark stock options and warrants to be approved for listing on the NYSE. It is also a condition to the merger that the shares of CVS/Caremark common stock issuable in the merger be approved for listing on the NYSE on or prior to the effective time of the merger.
Conditions to Completion of the Merger (see page 107)
CVS and Caremark will be required to complete the merger only if specific conditions, including the following, are satisfied or waived:
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Termination of the Merger Agreement (see page 108)
The merger agreement may be terminated at any time before the effective time of the merger by mutual written consent of CVS and Caremark.
The merger agreement may also be terminated prior to the effective time of the merger by either CVS or Caremark if:
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The merger agreement may also be terminated prior to the effective time of the merger by CVS if:
The merger agreement may also be terminated prior to the effective time of the merger by Caremark if:
Termination Fees and Expenses (see page 109)
Termination Fee Payable by CVS. CVS has agreed to pay a fee of $675 million to Caremark if the merger agreement is terminated under any of the following circumstances:
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Termination Fee Payable by Caremark. Caremark has agreed to pay a fee of $675 million to CVS if the merger agreement is terminated under any of the following circumstances:
Headquarters (see page 122)
The combined company’s corporate headquarters will be located in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. The headquarters of the combined company’s pharmacy services business will be located in Nashville, Tennessee.
Executive Officers (see page 121)
CVS and Caremark have agreed that E. Mac Crawford will be the chairman of the CVS/Caremark board of directors and Thomas M. Ryan will be the chief executive officer and a director of CVS/Caremark. A vote of three-quarters of the board of directors will be required to remove Mr. Ryan as CVS/Caremark’s chief executive officer prior to January 2010.
Certain current executive officers of CVS and Caremark will have executive officer positions with the combined company after the merger.
Governance After the Merger (see page 121)
In connection with the merger, the parties have reached certain agreements regarding the governance of CVS/Caremark, including the following:
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CVS Bylaws Amendment (see page 121)
In connection with entering into the merger agreement, the CVS board of directors approved amendments to the CVS bylaws, which will become effective only upon the effective time of the merger. The amendments to the CVS bylaws will:
In addition, the CVS bylaws amendment will provide that the following decisions by the CVS/Caremark board of directors will require a three-quarters vote:
Special Meetings of CVS and Caremark Stockholders
CVS Special Meeting (see page 111)
Meeting. The CVS special meeting will be held on [•], 2007, at [•] a.m., Eastern Time, at CVS’ corporate headquarters, One CVS Drive, Woonsocket, Rhode Island 02895. At the CVS special meeting, CVS stockholders will be asked:
Record Date; Votes. CVS has fixed the close of business on [•], 2007 as the record date, which is referred to as the CVS record date, for determining the CVS stockholders entitled to receive notice of and to vote at the CVS special meeting. Only holders of record of CVS common stock and CVS ESOP preference stock on the CVS record
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date are entitled to receive notice of and vote at the CVS special meeting, and any adjournment or postponement thereof.
Each share of CVS common stock is entitled to one vote and each share of CVS ESOP preference stock is entitled to the number of votes equal to the number of shares of CVS common stock into which that share of CVS ESOP preference stock is entitled to be converted on the CVS record date, rounded up to the nearest tenth of a share. Each share of CVS ESOP preference stock is currently entitled to 4.6 votes at the CVS special meeting (subject to adjustment before the CVS special meeting in the case of certain dilutive events). On the CVS record date, there were [•] shares of CVS common stock and [•] shares of CVS ESOP preference stock (representing [•] votes in the aggregate) entitled to vote at the CVS special meeting.
Required Vote. The CVS proposals require different percentages of votes for approval:
Each of the first two proposals listed above relating to the merger (i.e., the amendments of the CVS charter and the CVS/Caremark common stock issuance) are conditioned on one another and the approval of each of these proposals is a condition to completion of the merger. Neither the amendments of the CVS charter nor the issuance of CVS/Caremark common stock in the merger will take place unless both of these proposals are approved by the CVS stockholders and the merger is completed. Therefore, the completion of the merger cannot proceed without the approval of both proposals.
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Failure to Vote; Abstentions. If you abstain from voting on the proposal to amend the CVS charter or the proposal to adjourn or postpone the meeting it will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” that proposal. If you abstain from voting on the proposal to issue shares of CVS/Caremark common stock, the abstention will have no effect in determining the outcome of the vote, assuming a quorum is present. If you fail to vote your CVS common stock, including broker non-votes, (1) on the proposal to amend the CVS charter it will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” that proposal and (2) on either the proposal to issue CVS/Caremark common stock in the merger or to adjourn or postpone the CVS special meeting, it will have no effect in determining the outcome of the applicable vote. For more information regarding the effect of abstentions, a failure to vote or broker non-votes, see “The CVS Special Meeting—Votes Required to Approve CVS Proposals” beginning on page 113.
Each participant in the CVS Plan instructs the trustee of the CVS Plan how to vote his or her shares of (1) CVS ESOP preference stock and (2) CVS common stock held in the CVS Plan. Unallocated shares of CVS ESOP preference stock and CVS common stock held in the CVS Plan and shares of CVS ESOP preference stock and CVS common stock held in the CVS Plan for which no voting instruction is timely received by the trustee of the CVS Plan will be voted by such trustee in the same proportion as such trustee votes all the shares of CVS ESOP preference stock and CVS common stock held in the CVS Plan as to which it has received timely voting instructions.
Revocation of Proxies. You have the power to revoke your proxy at any time before the proxy is voted at the CVS special meeting. You can revoke your proxy in one of four ways:
If you choose either of the first two methods, you must submit your notice of revocation or your new proxy to CVS’ Corporate Secretary at the CVS address under “The Companies” beginning on page 97 no later than the beginning of the CVS special meeting.
Stock Ownership of CVS Directors and Executive Officers. On [•], 2007, the CVS record date, directors and executive officers of CVS and their respective affiliates owned and were entitled to vote [•] shares of CVS common stock, or approximately [•]% of the shares of CVS common stock outstanding on that date. To CVS’ knowledge, the directors and executive officers of CVS and their respective affiliates intend to vote their shares of CVS common stock in favor of all CVS proposals at the CVS special meeting.
Caremark Special Meeting (see page 116)
Meeting. The Caremark special meeting will be held on [•], 2007, at [•] a.m., Central Time, at Caremark’s corporate headquarters at 211 Commerce Street, Suite 800, Nashville, Tennessee 37201. At the Caremark special meeting, Caremark stockholders will be asked:
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Record Date; Votes. Caremark has fixed the close of business on [•], 2007 as the record date, which is referred to as the Caremark record date, for determining the Caremark stockholders entitled to receive notice of and to vote at the Caremark special meeting. Only holders of record of Caremark common stock on the Caremark record date are entitled to receive notice of and vote at the Caremark special meeting, and any adjournment or postponement thereof.
Each share of Caremark common stock is entitled to one vote. On the Caremark record date, there were [•] shares of Caremark common stock entitled to vote at the Caremark special meeting.
Required Vote. The proposals require different percentages of votes in order to approve them:
Adoption of the merger agreement and approval of the merger by Caremark stockholders is a condition to completion of the merger.
Failure to Vote; Abstentions. If you abstain from voting on any proposal it will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” that proposal. If you fail to vote, including broker non-votes, (1) on the proposal to adopt the merger agreement and approve the merger, it will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” that proposal and (2) on the proposal to adjourn or postpone the Caremark special meeting, it will have no effect in determining the outcome of the applicable vote. For more information regarding the effect of abstentions, a failure to vote or broker non-votes, see “The Caremark Special Meeting—Votes Required to Approve Caremark Proposals” beginning on page 117.
Revocation of Proxies. You have the power to revoke your proxy at any time before the proxy is voted at the Caremark special meeting. You can revoke your proxy in one of four ways:
If you choose either of the first two methods, you must submit your notice of revocation or your new proxy to Caremark’s Corporate Secretary at the Caremark address under “The Companies” beginning on page 97 no later than the beginning of the Caremark special meeting.
Stock Ownership of Directors and Executive Officers. On [•], 2007, the Caremark record date, directors and executive officers of Caremark and their respective affiliates owned and were entitled to vote [•] shares of Caremark common stock, or approximately [•]% of the shares of Caremark common stock outstanding on that date. To Caremark’s knowledge, the directors and executive officers of Caremark and their respective affiliates intend to vote their shares of Caremark common stock in favor of both Caremark proposals at the Caremark special meeting.
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SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA OF CVS
The following tables set forth the selected historical consolidated financial and operating data for CVS. The selected consolidated financial and operating data as of and for the fifty-two week periods ended December 31, 2005, January 1, 2005, December 28, 2002, December 29, 2001 and the fifty-three week period ended January 3, 2004 have been derived from CVS’ consolidated financial statements. You should not take historical results as necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period. The selected consolidated financial and operating data as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and October 1, 2005 have been derived from CVS’ unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements. The results for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year.
You should read this selected consolidated financial and operating data in conjunction with CVS’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 and CVS’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2006.
| Nine Months Ended | Fiscal Year | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 9/30/06 | 10/01/05 | 2005 (52 weeks) |
2004 (52 weeks) |
2003 (53 weeks) |
2002 (52 weeks) |
2001 (52 weeks) |
|||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Historical Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 31,747.5 | $ | 27,274.2 | $ | 37,006.2 | $ | 30,594.3 | $ | 26,588.0 | $ | 24,181.5 | $ | 22,241.4 | |||||||
| Gross profit(1) | 8,573.7 | 7,199.2 | 9,901.2 | 8,031.2 | 6,863.0 | 6,068.8 | 5,691.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Selling, general & | |||||||||||||||||||||
| administrative(2) | 6,349.5 | 5,349.6 | 7,292.6 | 6,079.7 | 5,097.7 | 4,552.3 | 4,256.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and | |||||||||||||||||||||
| amortization(2)(3) | 531.9 | 433.2 | 589.1 | 496.8 | 341.7 | 310.3 | 320.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Merger, restructuring and other | |||||||||||||||||||||
| nonrecurring charges and | |||||||||||||||||||||
| gains | — | — | — | — | — | — | 343.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating profit(4) | 1,692.3 | 1,416.4 | 2,019.5 | 1,454.7 | 1,423.6 | 1,206.2 | 770.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Other expense (income), net | 134.7 | 83.6 | 110.5 | 58.3 | 48.1 | 50.4 | 61.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision(5) | 605.9 | 514.5 | 684.3 | 477.6 | 528.2 | 439.2 | 296.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Net earnings(6) | $ | 951.7 | $ | 818.3 | $ | 1,224.7 | $ | 918.8 | $ | 847.3 | $ | 716.6 | $ | 413.2 | |||||||
| Historical Per Common Share Data(7): | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings(6) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 1.15 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 1.49 | $ | 1.13 | $ | 1.06 | $ | 0.89 | $ | 0.51 | |||||||
| Diluted | 1.11 | 0.97 | 1.45 | 1.10 | 1.03 | 0.88 | 0.50 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends per common | |||||||||||||||||||||
| share | $ | 0.11625 | $ | 0.10875 | $ | 0.145 | $ | 0.1325 | $ | 0.115 | $ | 0.115 | $ | 0.115 | |||||||
| Historical Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 21,127.4 | $ | 15,225.9 | $ | 15,283.4 | $ | 14,546.8 | $ | 10,543.1 | $ | 9,645.3 | $ | 8,636.3 | |||||||
| Long term debt | 3,279.9 | 1,627.9 | 1,594.1 | 1,925.9 | 753.1 | 1,076.3 | 810.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 9,434.4 | 7,955.6 | 8,331.2 | 6,987.2 | 6,021.8 | 5,197.0 | 4,566.9 | ||||||||||||||
| (1) | Gross profit includes the pre-tax effect of $5.7 million ($3.6 million after-tax) non-recurring charge in 2001 related to the markdown of certain inventory contained in the stores as part of a strategic restructuring program. |
| (2) | In 2004, CVS conformed its accounting for operating leases and leasehold improvements to the views expressed by the Office of the Chief Accountant of the Securities and Exchange Commission to the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants on February 7, 2005. As a result, CVS recorded a non-cash pre-tax adjustment of $9.0 million ($5.4 million after-tax) to selling, general and administrative expenses and $56.9 million ($35.1 million after tax) to depreciation and amortization, which represents the cumulative effect of the adjustment for a period of approximately 20 years. Since the effect of this non-cash adjustment was not material to any previously reported fiscal year, the cumulative effect was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2004. |
| (3) | As a result of adopting SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” at the beginning of fiscal 2002, CVS no longer amortizes goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets. Goodwill amortization totaled $31.4 million pre-tax ($28.2 million after-tax) in 2001. |
| (4) | Operating profit includes the pre-tax effect of the charges discussed in Note (1) above and the following merger, restructuring, and other nonrecurring charges and gains: (i) in 2004, $65.9 million ($40.5 million after-tax) relating to conforming CVS’ accounting for operating leases and leasehold improvements and (ii) in 2001, $346.8 million ($226.9 million after-tax) related to restructuring and asset impairment costs associated with the strategic restructuring and $3.5 million ($2.1 million after-tax) non-recurring gain resulting from the net effect of the $50.3 million of settlement proceeds received from various lawsuits against certain manufacturers of brand name prescription drugs |
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| which was offset by our contribution of $46.8 million of these settlement proceeds to the CVS Charitable Trust, Inc. to fund future charitable giving. | |
| (5) | Income tax provision includes the effect of the following: (i) in 2005, a $52.6 million reversal of previously recorded tax reserves through the tax provision principally based on resolving certain state tax matters, and (ii) in 2004, a $60.0 million reversal of previously recorded tax reserves through the tax provision principally based on finalizing certain tax return years and on a 2004 court decision relevant to the industry. |
| (6) | Net earnings and net earnings per common share include the after-tax effect of the charges and gains discussed in Notes (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) above. |
| (7) | On May 12, 2005, the CVS board of directors authorized a two-for-one common stock split, which was effected in the form of a dividend by the issuance of one additional share of CVS common stock for each share of CVS common stock outstanding. These shares were distributed on June 6, 2005 to stockholders of record as of May 23, 2005. All prior periods have been restated to reflect the effect of the two-for-one stock split. |
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SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA OF CAREMARK
The following tables set forth the selected historical consolidated financial and operating data for Caremark. The selected consolidated financial and operating data as of and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002 and 2001 have been derived from Caremark’s consolidated financial statements. You should not take historical results as necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period. The selected consolidated financial and operating data as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 have been derived from Caremark’s unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements. The results for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year.
You should read this selected consolidated financial and operating data in conjunction with Caremark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 and Caremark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2006.
| Nine Months
Ended September 30, |
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2006 | 2005 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002(1) | 2001 | |||||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions, except per share amounts ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Historical Consolidated Statement of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operations Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 27,480.8 | $ | 24,623.5 | $ | 32,991.3 | $ | 25,801.1 | $ | 9,067.3 | $ | 6,805.3 | $ | 5,614.0 | |||||||||
| Income from continuing operations | 772.5 | 641.7 | 932.4 | 600.3 | 290.8 | 828.8 | 190.5 | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations | — | — | — | — | — | (37.5 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||
| Net earnings | $ | 772.5 | $ | 641.7 | $ | 932.4 | $ | 600.3 | $ | 290.8 | $ | 791.3 | $ | 190.5 | |||||||||
| Historical Per Common Share Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 1.79 | $ | 1.43 | $ | 2.09 | $ | 1.46 | $ | 1.13 | $ | 3.34 | $ | 0.79 | |||||||||
| Diluted | 1.76 | 1.41 | 2.05 | 1.43 | 1.10 | 3.01 | 0.73 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends per common share | 0.20 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Historical Consolidated Balance | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sheet Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 12,356.0 | $ | 12,404.1 | $ | 12,850.8 | $ | 12,309.7 | $ | 2,473.6 | $ | 1,912.7 | $ | 873.7 | |||||||||
| Long term debt (net of current portion) (2) | — | 450.0 | 386.6 | 450.0 | 693.1 | 695.6 | 695.6 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) | 7,470.6 | 7,898.5 | 8,180.6 | 7,539.7 | 640.6 | 257.7 | (772.5 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| (1) | The 2002 period includes amounts related to adjustments to the deferred income tax asset valuation allowance. This adjustment resulted in the recognition of: (i) a $520 million deferred tax benefit included in income from continuing operations and related statement of operations and per common share line items; (ii) a $615 million deferred tax asset included in total assets; and (iii) a direct increase to stockholder’s equity of approximately $69.5 million. |
| (2) | The December 31, 2005 long-term debt (net of current portion) reflects the classification of $386.6 million of 7.375% senior notes due 2006 as long-term debt due to Caremark’s intent and ability to refinance this amount on a long-term basis at the time of filing its Annual Report on Form 10-K. The amount classified as long-term debt (net of current portion) was limited to Caremark’s availability under its revolving credit facility, and the remaining $63.4 million of its 7.375% senior notes were classified as a current liability. Caremark ultimately did not refinance these notes and repaid them using cash on hand when they matured in October 2006. The December 31, 2004 long-term debt (net of current portion) amount excludes Caremark’s $147 million term loan which was repaid on February 18, 2005, and the repurchase of remaining senior notes of a recently acquired business at 104.25% of face value on April 1, 2005. |
| (3) | Caremark acquired AdvancePCS on March 24, 2004. The Statement of Operations data includes the results of operations of AdvancePCS beginning March 24, 2004. The Statement of Operations, Per Common Share and Balance Sheet data were significantly impacted by the AdvancePCS acquisition. |
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SUMMARY UNAUDITED PRO FORMA FINANCIAL DATA
The following unaudited pro forma statements of operations data for the year ended December 31, 2005 and the nine months ended September 30, 2006 reflect the merger as if it had occurred on the first day of each period presented. The following unaudited pro forma balance sheet data at September 30, 2006 reflect the merger as if it had occurred on that date. Such pro forma financial data is based on the historical financial statements of CVS and Caremark and gives effect to the merger under the purchase method of accounting for business combinations as well as the acquisition CVS completed on June 2, 2006. As a result, the pro forma financial information is based on certain assumptions and adjustments as discussed in the section titled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information”, including assumptions relating to the allocation of the consideration paid for the assets and liabilities of Caremark based on preliminary estimates of their fair value. The following should be read in connection with the sections titled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information”, and other information included in or incorporated by reference into this document.
| Pro Forma Combined | ||||||
| In millions, except per share amounts | Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2005 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 |
||||
| Statement of Operations data: | ||||||
| Net revenue | $ | 71,655.2 | $ | 58,135.2 | ||
| Net earnings | $ | 2,135.7 | $ | 1,693.8 | ||
| Average number of common shares outstanding – basic | 1,557.7 | 1,541.1 | ||||
| Average number of common shares outstanding – diluted | 1,602.8 | 1,586.2 | ||||
| Earnings per common share: | $ | 1.36 | $ | 1.09 | ||
| Basic | $ | 1.33 | $ | 1.07 | ||
| Diluted | ||||||
| Balance Sheet data: | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,456.2 | ||||
| Total assets | $ | 47,875.1 | ||||
| Long-term debt | $ | 3,279.9 | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 30,961.2 | ||||
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COMPARATIVE PER SHARE INFORMATION
The following unaudited pro forma combined per share information for the year ended December 31, 2005 and the nine months ended September 30, 2006 reflect the merger as if it had occurred on the first day of each period presented. Such pro forma financial data is based on the historical financial statements of CVS and Caremark and gives effect to the merger under the purchase method of accounting for business combinations as well as the acquisition CVS completed on June 2, 2006. As a result, the pro forma financial information is based on certain assumptions and adjustments as discussed in the section titled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information”. The following should be read in connection with the section titled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information”, and other information included in or incorporated by reference into this document.
CVS Historical Per Share Data:
| As of and for | ||||||
| Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2005 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 |
|||||
| Net Earnings per Common Share – Basic | $ | 1.49 | $ | 1.15 | ||
| Net Earnings per Common Share – Diluted | 1.45 | 1.11 | ||||
| Cash Dividends | 0.145 | 0.11625 | ||||
| Book Value per Common Share – Basic | 11.46 | 10.23 | ||||
Caremark Historical Per Share Data:
| As of and for | ||||||
| Fiscal
Year Ended December 31, 2005 |
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2006 |
|||||
| Net Earnings per Common Share – Basic | $ | 2.09 | $ | 1.79 | ||
| Net Earnings per Common Share – Diluted | 2.05 | 1.76 | ||||
| Cash Dividends | — | 0.20 | ||||
| Book Value per Common Share – Basic | 18.34 | 17.75 | ||||
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Per Share Data:
| As of and for | ||||||
| Fiscal
Year Ended December 31, 2005 |
Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2006 |
|||||
| Net Earnings per Common Share – Basic | $ | 1.36 | $ | 1.09 | ||
| Net Earnings per Common Share – Diluted | 1.33 | 1.07 | ||||
| Cash Dividends | 0.145 | 0.11625 | ||||
| Book Value per Common Share – Basic | — | 20.29 | ||||
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COMPARATIVE PER SHARE MARKET PRICE AND DIVIDEND INFORMATION
Shares of CVS common stock and Caremark common stock are each listed and principally traded on the NYSE. CVS common stock is listed for trading under the symbol “CVS” and Caremark common stock is listed for trading under the symbol “CMX”. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales prices per share of CVS common stock and Caremark common stock, in each case as reported on the consolidated tape of the NYSE, and the cash dividends per share of common stock, as reported, respectively, in CVS’ and Caremark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 with respect to years 2004 and 2005, and thereafter as reported in published financial sources.
| CVS Common Stock | Caremark Common Stock | |||||||||||||||||
| Market Price | Market Price | |||||||||||||||||
| High | Low | Dividends | High | Low | Dividends | |||||||||||||
| 2004 | ||||||||||||||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 19.26 | $ | 16.98 | $ | 0.03313 | $ | 34.19 | $ | 23.50 | None | |||||||
| Second Quarter | $ | 21.50 | $ | 17.85 | $ | 0.03313 | $ | 35.31 | $ | 30.50 | None | |||||||
| Third Quarter | $ | 22.07 | $ | 19.31 | $ | 0.03313 | $ | 32.94 | $ | 27.56 | None | |||||||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 23.67 | $ | 20.86 | $ | 0.03313 | $ | 39.95 | $ | 28.29 | None | |||||||
| 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 26.89 | $ | 22.02 | $ | 0.03625 | $ | 42.30 | $ | 37.00 | None | |||||||
| Second Quarter | $ | 29.68 | $ | 25.02 | $ | 0.03625 | $ | 46.83 | $ | 37.23 | None | |||||||
| Third Quarter | $ | 31.60 | $ | 27.67 | $ | 0.03625 | $ | 50.43 | $ | 41.02 | None | |||||||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 29.30 | $ | 23.89 | $ | 0.03625 | $ | 53.90 | $ | 47.24 | None | |||||||
| 2006 | ||||||||||||||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 30.98 | $ | 26.06 | $ | 0.03875 | $ | 53.00 | $ | 48.14 | None | |||||||
| Second Quarter | $ | 31.89 | $ | 27.51 | $ | 0.03875 | $ | 50.66 | $ | 42.40 | $ | 0.10 | ||||||
| Third Quarter | $ | 36.14 | $ | 29.85 | $ | 0.03875 | $ | 59.89 | $ | 49.40 | $ | 0.10 | ||||||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 32.26 | $ | 27.09 | $ | 0.03875 | $ | 58.08 | $ | 44.30 | $ | 0.10 | ||||||
| 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||
| January 1, 2007 to [•], 2007 | $ | [•] | $ | [•] | [N/A] | $ | [•] | $ | [•] | [N/A] | ||||||||
The table below sets forth the closing sale prices of CVS common stock and Caremark common stock as reported on the NYSE each on October 31, 2006, the last trading day prior to the public announcement of the transaction, and on [•], 2007. The table also shows the implied value of one Caremark common share, which was calculated by multiplying the closing price of CVS common stock on those dates and the exchange ratio of 1.670. The market prices of CVS and Caremark common stock on those dates will fluctuate between the date of this document and the time of the special meetings and the completion of the merger. No assurance can be given concerning the market prices of CVS common stock or Caremark common stock before the completion of the merger or the market price of CVS/Caremark common stock after the completion of the merger. The exchange ratio is fixed in the merger agreement. One result of this is that the market value of the CVS/Caremark common stock that Caremark stockholders will receive in the merger may vary significantly from the prices shown in the table below.
| CVS Common Stock |
Caremark Common Stock |
Implied Value of Caremark Common Stock |
|||||||
| October 31, 2006 | $ | 31.38 | $ | 49.23 | $ | 52.40 | |||
| [•], 2007 | $ | [•] | $ | [•] | $ | [•] |
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Caremark stockholders should obtain current market quotations for shares of CVS common stock and Caremark common stock in deciding whether to vote for adoption of the merger agreement and approval of the merger. CVS stockholders should obtain current market quotations for shares of CVS and Caremark common stock in deciding whether to vote for approval of the issuance of CVS/Caremark common stock to Caremark stockholders in the merger and the amendments of the CVS charter to increase the number of authorized shares and change the name of the corporation to CVS/Caremark.
Pursuant to the merger agreement, CVS and Caremark are permitted to pay to holders of their respective shares of common stock, before the effective time of the merger, regular quarterly cash dividends. However, CVS and Caremark have also agreed to coordinate the declaration of dividends prior to the effective time of the merger so that the holders of CVS common stock and holders of Caremark common stock do not receive, in any quarter, more than or less than one dividend in respect of those shares held prior to the effective time of the merger and those shares of CVS/Caremark issued in the merger. After the effective time of the merger, CVS and Caremark expect that the combined company will continue to pay quarterly dividends to stockholders of the combined company at an annual dividend rate per share of CVS/Caremark common stock of $[•]. This is higher than the current annual dividend payment on shares of CVS common stock and equal to the current annual dividend of $0.40 on shares of Caremark common stock. The combined company’s payment of dividends in the future, however, will depend on business conditions, its financial condition and earnings, and other factors and there can be no guarantee that any dividends will be paid by the combined company.
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RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information included and incorporated by reference into this document, including the matters addressed in “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” below, you should carefully consider the following risk factors before deciding whether to vote for adoption of the merger agreement and approval of the merger, in the case of Caremark stockholders, or for the issuance of shares of CVS/Caremark common stock and the amendments to the CVS charter, in the case of CVS stockholders. In addition to the risk factors set forth below, you should read and consider other risk factors specific to each of the CVS and Caremark businesses that will also affect the combined company after the merger, described in Part I, Item 1A of each company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, and Part II, Item 1A of Caremark’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006, each of which has been filed by CVS or Caremark, as applicable, with the SEC and all of which are incorporated by reference into this document. If any of the risks described below or in the periodic reports incorporated by reference into this document actually occurs, the respective businesses, financial results, financial condition, operating results or stock prices of CVS, Caremark or CVS/Caremark could be materially adversely affected. See “Where You Can Find More Information”, beginning on page 148.
Risks Related to the Merger
| The exchange ratio is fixed and will not be adjusted. The market price of shares of CVS common stock may fluctuate, and Caremark stockholders cannot be sure of the market value of the shares of CVS/Caremark common stock that will be issued in the merger. |
Upon completion of the merger, each share of Caremark common stock outstanding immediately prior to the merger will be converted into the right to receive 1.670 shares of CVS/Caremark common stock. The exchange ratio is fixed at 1.670 shares of CVS/Caremark common stock for each share of Caremark common stock, and will not be adjusted due to any increases or decreases in the price of CVS common stock or Caremark common stock. The value of Caremark common stock in the merger will depend upon the market price of a share of CVS/Caremark common stock upon the completion of the merger. If the price of CVS common stock declines, Caremark stockholders will receive less value for their shares upon completion of the merger than the value calculated pursuant to the exchange ratio on the date the merger agreement was signed or on the date of the Caremark special meeting.
The merger may not be completed until a significant period of time has passed after the CVS and Caremark special meetings, during which time the market value of CVS common stock and Caremark common stock will fluctuate. Therefore, at the time of their respective special meetings, CVS and Caremark stockholders will not know the exact market value of CVS/Caremark common stock that will be issued in connection with the merger. The market price of a share of CVS common stock at the time the merger is completed is likely to be different, and may be lower, than it was at the time the merger agreement was signed and at the time of the special meetings. The closing price of CVS common stock on the NYSE on October 31, 2006 was $31.38 per share. From November 1, 2006 through the date of this document, the trading price of CVS common stock ranged from a high of $31.83 per share to a low of $27.09 per share. For CVS and Caremark historical market prices, see “Comparative Per Share Market Price and Dividend Information” beginning on page 23.
Stock price changes may result from a variety of factors, including, but not limited to:
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Stockholders of CVS and Caremark are urged to obtain market quotations for CVS and Caremark common stock when they consider whether to approve the proposals required to complete the merger at the respective special meetings.
| The combined company may be unable to successfully integrate CVS’ and Caremark’s operations or to realize the anticipated cost savings and other benefits of the merger. As a result, the value of CVS/Caremark common stock may be adversely affected. |
CVS and Caremark entered into the merger agreement because each company believes that the merger will be beneficial to each of CVS, Caremark and their respective stockholders. Currently, each company operates as an independent public company. Achieving the anticipated benefits of the merger will depend in part upon whether the two companies integrate their businesses in an efficient and effective manner. The companies may not be able to accomplish this integration process smoothly or successfully. The necessity of coordinating geographically separated organizations, systems and facilities and addressing possible differences in business backgrounds, corporate cultures and management philosophies may increase the difficulties of integration. The companies operate numerous systems, including those involving management information, purchasing, accounting and finance, sales, billing, employee benefits, payroll and regulatory compliance. The integration of certain operations following the merger will require the dedication of significant management resources, which may temporarily distract management’s attention from the day-to-day business of the combined company. Employee uncertainty and lack of focus during the integration process may also disrupt the business of the combined company. Any inability of management to integrate successfully the operations of the two companies could have a material adverse effect on the business and results of operations of the combined company. The companies may not be able to achieve the anticipated operating and cost synergies or long-term strategic benefits of the merger. An inability to realize the full extent of, or any of, the anticipated benefits of the merger, as well as any delays encountered in the integration process, could have an adverse effect on the business and results of operations of the combined company, which may affect the value of the shares of CVS/Caremark common stock after the completion of the merger.
The success of the combined company after the merger will depend in part upon the ability of CVS and Caremark to retain key employees of both companies. Competition for qualified personnel can be very intense. In addition, key employees may depart because of issues relating to the uncertainty or difficulty of integration or a desire not to remain with the combined company. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that CVS or Caremark will be able to retain key employees.
Due to legal restrictions, Caremark and CVS have been able to conduct only limited planning regarding the integration of the two companies following the merger and have not yet determined the exact nature of how the businesses and operations of the two companies will be combined after the merger. The actual integration may result in additional and unforeseen expenses, and the anticipated benefits of the integration plan may not be realized.
| CVS/Caremark common stock may be affected by factors different from those affecting the price of Caremark common stock or CVS common stock. |
On completion of the merger, holders of Caremark common stock and CVS common stock will become holders of CVS/Caremark common stock. As the business of CVS and the business of Caremark are different, the results of operations as well as the price of CVS/Caremark common stock may be affected by factors different than those factors affecting CVS and Caremark as independent stand-alone entities. The combined company will face additional risks and uncertainties not otherwise facing each independent company in the merger. For a discussion of CVS’ and Caremark’s businesses and certain factors to consider in connection with their respective businesses, see “—Risks Related to CVS, Caremark and the Combined Company”, as well as the respective sections entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in each of CVS’ and
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Caremark’s annual reports on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, the CVS quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the periods ended April 1, 2006, July 1, 2006 and September 30, 2006, the Caremark quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the periods ended March 31, 2006, June 30, 2006 and September 30, 2006 and other documents incorporated by reference into this document.
| The merger may not be accretive and may cause dilution to CVS/Caremark earnings per share, which may harm the market price of the CVS/Caremark common stock. |
The parties currently anticipate that the merger will be accretive to earnings per share during the first full calendar year after the merger. However, due to legal restrictions, Caremark and CVS have been able to conduct only limited planning regarding the integration of the two companies. Accordingly, this expectation is based on preliminary estimates which may materially change after the completion of the merger. The combined company could also encounter additional transaction and integration-related costs or other factors such as the failure to realize all of the benefits anticipated in the merger. All of these factors could cause dilution to CVS/Caremark’s earnings per share or decrease the expected accretive effect of the merger and cause a decrease in the price of CVS/Caremark common stock.
| Failure to complete the merger could negatively impact the stock prices and the future business and financial results of CVS and Caremark. |
If the merger is not completed, the ongoing businesses of CVS or Caremark may be adversely affected and CVS and Caremark will be subject to several risks, including the following:
| Charges to earnings resulting from the application of the purchase method of accounting may adversely affect the market value of CVS/Caremark common stock following the merger. |
In accordance with U.S. GAAP, CVS will be considered the acquiror of Caremark for accounting purposes. CVS will account for the merger using the purchase method of accounting, which will result in charges to CVS/Caremark’s earnings that could adversely affect the market value of CVS/Caremark common stock following the completion of the merger. Under the purchase method of accounting, CVS will allocate the total purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Caremark based on their fair values as of the date of the completion of the merger, and record any excess of the purchase price over those fair values as goodwill. For certain tangible and intangible assets, reevaluating their fair values as of the completion date of the merger will result in CVS/Caremark’s incurring additional depreciation and/or amortization expense that exceed the combined amounts recorded by CVS and Caremark prior to the merger. This increased expense will be recorded by CVS/Caremark over the useful lives of the underlying assets. In addition, to the extent the value of goodwill or intangible assets were to become impaired, CVS/Caremark may be required to incur charges relating to the impairment of those assets. See “The Merger—Accounting Treatment” beginning on page 89.
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| CVS and Caremark must obtain governmental and regulatory consents to complete the merger, which, if delayed, not granted or granted with unacceptable conditions, may jeopardize or delay the completion of the merger, result in additional expenditures of money and resources and/or reduce the anticipated benefits of the merger. |
Completion of the merger is conditioned on the receipt of all material governmental authorizations, consents, orders and approvals, including the expiration or termination of the applicable waiting periods under the HSR Act and any required approvals of applicable insurance regulatory agencies in connection with the merger. CVS and Caremark intend to pursue all required approvals in accordance with the merger agreement. If the companies do not receive these approvals, or do not receive them on terms that satisfy the conditions set forth in the merger agreement, then neither company will be obligated to complete the merger. On December 20, 2006, the initial waiting period required under the HSR Act expired without a request for additional information from the Federal Trade Commission.
The governmental agencies from which the companies will seek these approvals have broad discretion in administering the governing regulations. As a condition to approval of the merger, agencies may impose requirements, limitations or costs or require divestitures or place restrictions on the conduct of the combined company’s business. These requirements, limitations, costs, divestitures or restrictions could jeopardize or delay the completion of the merger or may reduce the anticipated benefits of the merger. Further, no assurance can be given that the required consents and approvals will be obtained or that the required conditions to closing will be satisfied, and, if all required consents and approvals are obtained and the conditions to the completion of the merger are satisfied, no assurance can be given as to the terms, conditions and timing of the approvals. If CVS and Caremark agree to any material requirements, limitations, costs, divestitures or restrictions in order to obtain any approvals required to complete the merger, these requirements, limitations, additional costs or restrictions could adversely affect the two companies’ ability to integrate their operations or reduce the anticipated benefits of the merger. This could result in a failure to complete the merger or have a material adverse effect on the business and results of operations of the combined company. See “The Merger Agreement—Conditions to Completion of the Merger” beginning on page 107 for a discussion of the conditions to the completion of the merger and “Regulatory and Other Approvals Required for the Merger” beginning on page 95 for a description of the regulatory approvals necessary in connection with the merger.
| The combined company will incur significant transaction and merger-related costs in connection with the merger. |
CVS and Caremark expect to incur a number of non-recurring costs associated with combining the operations of the two companies. The substantial majority of non-recurring expenses resulting from the merger will be comprised of transaction costs related to the merger, facilities and systems consolidation costs and employment–related costs. CVS and Caremark will also incur transaction fees and costs related to formulating integration plans. Additional unanticipated costs may be incurred in the integration of the two companies’ businesses. Due to legal restrictions, Caremark and CVS have been able to conduct only limited planning regarding the integration of the two companies and have not yet been able to formulate detailed integration plans to deliver anticipated synergies. Although CVS and Caremark expect that the elimination of duplicative costs, as well as the realization of other efficiencies related to the integration of the businesses should allow them to offset incremental transaction and merger-related costs over time, this net benefit may not be achieved in the near term, or at all.
| Whether or not the merger is completed, the announcement and pendency of the merger could impact or cause disruptions in Caremark’s and CVS’ businesses, which could have an adverse effect on their results of operations and financial condition. |
Specifically:
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Approximately one third of a PBM’s customer base typically is subject to renewal each year, and therefore Caremark and CVS may face additional challenges in competing for new business and retaining or renewing business. Caremark’s largest client, the Federal Employees Health Benefits Plan, is currently subject to renewal for services beginning January 1, 2008. There can be no assurance that Caremark will be able to secure renewal of this business; however, such renewal is not a condition to the completion of the merger. These disruptions could be exacerbated by a delay in the completion of the merger or termination of the merger agreement and could have an adverse effect on the businesses, financial condition, results of operations or prospects of Caremark and CVS if the merger is not completed or of the combined company if the merger is completed.
| Certain directors and executive officers of CVS and Caremark have interests that are different from, or in addition to, interests of CVS and Caremark stockholders generally. |
Some of the directors of Caremark who recommend that Caremark stockholders vote in favor of adopting the merger agreement, and the executive officers of Caremark who provided information to the Caremark board of directors relating to the merger, have employment, indemnification and severance benefit arrangements, rights to acceleration of stock options and other benefits on a change in control of Caremark and rights to ongoing indemnification and insurance that provide them with interests in the merger that may differ from Caremark stockholders generally. The receipt of compensation or other benefits, including the rights to acceleration of stock options referred to above by Caremark’s executive officers in connection with the merger, may make it more difficult for the combined company to retain their services after the merger, or require the combined company to expend additional sums to continue to retain their services. Caremark stockholders should be aware of these interests when considering the Caremark board of directors’ recommendation that they vote in favor of adopting the merger agreement and approving the merger. See “Interests of Caremark Executive Officers and Directors in the Merger” beginning on page 81.
In addition, under the bylaws of CVS to be amended in connection with the merger, a vote of three-quarters of the combined company’s board of directors will be required to remove Mr. Thomas M. Ryan as its chief executive officer before January 2010. CVS stockholders should be aware of this interest when considering the CVS board of directors’ recommendation that they vote in favor of the proposals relating to the merger. See “Interests of CVS Executive Officers and Directors in the Merger” beginning on page 69.
Risks Related to CVS, Caremark and the Combined Company
| The industries in which CVS and Caremark operate are extremely competitive and competition could adversely affect the combined company’s business and results of operations following the merger. |
CVS currently operates in a highly competitive environment. CVS competes, and after the completion of the merger, the combined company will compete, with other drugstore chains, supermarkets, discount retailers,
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membership clubs and Internet companies. The combined company will continue to face competition from other mail order pharmacies and PBMs.
The pharmacy benefits management industry in which Caremark and, to a lesser extent, CVS through PharmaCare, operate is extremely competitive. Competitors in the pharmacy benefits management industry include large national pharmacy benefit management companies, such as Medco Health Solutions, Inc. and Express Scripts, Inc., as well as many local or regional PBMs. In addition, there are several large health insurers and managed care plans (e.g., Wellpoint, Aetna, CIGNA, United Healthcare) and retail pharmacies (e.g., Walgreens, Longs and Rite-Aid) which have their own PBM capabilities as well as several other national and regional companies that provide some or all of the same services. Some of these competitors may offer services and pricing terms that the combined company, even if the anticipated benefits of the merger are realized in full, may not be able to offer. In addition, competition may also come from other sources in the future. As a result, competition could have an adverse effect on its business and results of operations.
| Changes in industry pricing benchmarks could adversely affect the financial performance of the combined company |
Contracts in the prescription drug industry, including Caremark’s and PharmaCare’s contracts with retail pharmacy networks as well as their contracts with clients for PBM and Specialty services, generally use certain published benchmarks to establish pricing for prescription drugs. These benchmarks include average wholesale price, which is referred to as AWP, average selling price, which is referred to as ASP, and wholesale acquisition cost, which is referred to as WAC. Most of Caremark’s and PharmaCare’s PBM client contracts utilize the AWP standard. Further, most of the contracts governing the participation of CVS stores in retail pharmacy networks also utilize the AWP standard.
Recent events have raised uncertainties as to whether payors, pharmacy providers, PBMs and others in the prescription drug industry will continue to utilize AWP as it has previously been calculated or whether other pricing benchmarks will be adopted for establishing prices within the industry.
Specifically, in the proposed settlement in the case of New England Carpenters Health Benefits Fund, et al. v. First DataBank, et al., a civil class action case brought against First DataBank, which is referred to as FDB, one of several companies that report data on prescription drug prices, and McKesson Corporation, FDB has agreed to reduce the reported AWP of certain drugs by four percent at a future time as contemplated by the settlement. At this time, the proposed settlement has not received final court approval. The court could approve the proposed settlement in part, in its entirety, or not at all. CVS and Caremark cannot predict the outcome of this case, or, if the settlement is approved, the precise timing of any of the proposed AWP changes or the effect of such changes, if any, on the financial performance of the combined company.
Over 90% of Caremark’s client relationships and most of its relationships with other affected parties contain terms that Caremark believes will enable it to mitigate any adverse effect of this proposed reduction in FDB’s reported AWP. Two other publicly traded large national PBMs have also stated that their contractual relationships contain similar terms. However, because in some cases payors may seek to negotiate with PBMs in an effort to reduce prescription drug costs as a result of a reduction in FDB’s reported AWP, the ultimate effect of this development on the business of the combined company cannot be precisely predicted.
Whatever the outcome of the FDB case, it is possible that payors, pharmacy providers and PBMs will begin to evaluate other pricing benchmarks as the basis for contracting for prescription drugs and pharmacy benefit management services in the future.
| Existing and new government legislative and regulatory action could adversely affect the combined company’s business and financial results. |
CVS and Caremark are subject to changes in laws and regulations, including changes in accounting standards and taxation requirements and interpretations. As a participant in the healthcare and PBM industries, Caremark’s and CVS’ operations are subject to complex and evolving federal and state laws and regulations and enforcement by
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federal and state governmental agencies. These laws and regulations are described in detail at Part I, Item 1, “Business—Government Regulation” in Caremark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005 and Part I, Item 1A, “Business—Regulatory Risks” in CVS’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005.
Caremark’s and CVS’ pharmacy benefit services businesses and CVS’ retail drugstore business are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations. Changes in these regulations may require extensive system and operating changes that may be difficult to implement. Untimely compliance or noncompliance with applicable regulations could result in the imposition of civil or criminal penalties that could adversely affect the continued operation of Caremark’s or CVS’ business, including, but not limited to: suspension of payments from government programs; loss of required government certification; approvals; loss of authorizations to participate in or exclusion from government reimbursement programs, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs; loss of licensure; or significant fines or monetary penalties, and could adversely affect the continued operation of Caremark’s or CVS’ business. The regulations to which Caremark and CVS are subject include, but are not limited to: federal, state and local registration and regulation of pharmacies, pharmacy benefit managers and healthcare insurance companies; applicable Medicare and Medicaid regulations; the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA; accounting standards; tax laws and regulations; laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment and health and safety matters, including those governing exposure to, and the management and disposal of, hazardous substances; regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Consumer Product Safety Commission, as well as state regulatory authorities, governing the sale, advertisement and promotion of products that Caremark or CVS sells; anti-kickback laws; false claims laws; and federal and state laws governing the practice of the profession of pharmacy. Furthermore, the frequency and rate of FDA approval of new brand name and generic prescription drugs or of additional existing prescription drugs for over-the-counter sales could have an impact on CVS’ or Caremark’s business and results of operations.
The combined company’s business and results of operations could be affected by one or more of the following:
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| Uncertainty regarding the impact of Medicare Part D may adversely impact the combined company’s business and financial results. |
The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003, or the MMA, created a new, voluntary prescription drug benefit for Medicare beneficiaries entitled to Medicare benefits under Part A or enrolled in Medicare Part B. The Medicare Drug Benefit became effective on January 1, 2006. Since its inception the program has resulted in increased utilization and decreased pharmacy gross margin rates as higher margin business (such as cash and state Medicaid customers) migrated to the new Medicare Part D coverage. The full impact on the combined company’s sales and gross margin rates cannot yet be determined and could have different effects on different segments of the combined company’s business.
Caremark and PharmaCare participate in the administration of the Medicare Drug Benefit through the provision of PBM services to their health plan clients and other clients that have qualified as a Medicare Part D prescription drug plan. Caremark also participates (1) through the offering of Medicare Part D pharmacy benefits by its subsidiary, SilverScript Insurance Company, which has been approved by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, as a prescription drug plan sponsor under Medicare Part D in all regions of the country, and (2) by assisting employer, union and other health plan clients that qualify for the retiree drug subsidy available under Medicare Part D by collecting and submitting eligibility and/or drug cost data to CMS for them in order to obtain the subsidy. In addition, PharmaCare, through a joint venture with Universal American Insurance Corp, also participates in the offering of Medicare Part D pharmacy benefits by affiliated entities of Universal American. Caremark’s, PharmaCare’s or after the consummation of the merger, the combined company’s, clients could decide to discontinue providing prescription drug benefits to their Medicare-eligible members. If this occurs, the adverse effects of the Medicare Drug Benefit may outweigh any opportunities for new business generated by the new benefit. Caremark and CVS are not yet able to assess the impact that Medicare Part D will have on clients’ decisions to continue to offer a prescription drug benefit to their Medicare-eligible members. In addition, if the cost and complexity of the Medicare Drug Benefit exceed management’s expectations or prevent effective program implementation or administration; if the government alters or reduces funding of Medicare programs because of the higher-than-anticipated cost to taxpayers of the MMA or for other reasons; if the combined company fails to design and maintain programs that are attractive to Medicare participants; or if the combined company is not successful in retaining enrollees, or winning contract renewals or new contracts under the MMA’s competitive bidding process, Caremark’s and CVS’ Medicare business and the ability to expand the combined company’s Medicare operations could be materially and adversely affected, and the combined company’s business and results of operations may be adversely affected. Finally, the MMA mandated risk corridors (in which the federal government shares in the drug cost risk borne by Part D plans) are scheduled to change in 2008. Both the risk corridor thresholds and the level of risk-sharing will change with the result that Medicare Drug Benefit sponsors will assume an increased level of drug cost risk starting in 2008. Therefore, to the extent that SilverScript Insurance Company’s actual drug costs are higher or lower than those estimated by it in its bid in 2008 onwards, the federal government will share a smaller portion of the losses or gains respectively than it otherwise would have prior to 2008.
| Efforts to reduce reimbursement levels and alter health care financing practices could adversely affect the combined company’s businesses. |
The continued efforts of health maintenance organizations, managed care organizations, other pharmacy benefit management companies, government entities, and other third party payors to reduce prescription drug costs and pharmacy reimbursement rates may impact the profitability of the combined company. During the past several years, the U.S. healthcare industry has been subject to an increase in governmental regulation at both the federal and state levels. Efforts to control healthcare costs, including prescription drug costs, are underway at the federal and state government levels. Changing political, economic and regulatory influences may affect health care financing and reimbursement practices. If the current health care financing and reimbursement system changes significantly, the combined company’s business could be materially adversely affected.
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On February 8, 2006, the President signed into law the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, which is referred to as the DRA. This Act seeks to reduce federal spending by $3.6 billion over a five-year period by altering the Medicaid reimbursement formula for multi-source (i.e., generic) drugs. According to the Congressional Budget Office, retail pharmacies are expected to negotiate with individual states for higher dispensing fees to mitigate the adverse effect of these changes. These changes are expected to take effect during the first quarter of 2007 and to result in reduced Medicaid reimbursement rates for retail pharmacies. The extent of these reductions and the impact on the combined company cannot be determined at this time.
In addition, Congress periodically considers proposals to reform the U.S. health care system. These proposals may increase government involvement in health care and regulation of PBM or pharmacy services, or otherwise change the way the combined company or its clients do business. Health plan sponsors may react to these proposals and the uncertainty surrounding them by reducing or delaying purchases of cost control mechanisms and related services that the combined company would provide. CVS and Caremark cannot predict what effect, if any, these proposals may have on the combined company’s business. Other legislative or market-driven changes in the health care system that CVS and Caremark cannot anticipate could also materially adversely affect the combined company’s consolidated results of operations, consolidated financial position and/or consolidated cash flow from operations.
CVS and Caremark face litigation risks and are the subject of various legal proceedings.
CVS and Caremark are subject to litigation risks. The material legal proceedings affecting CVS are described in detail in Part II, Item 1, “Legal Proceedings” of CVS’ quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2006 and Part I, Item 3, “Legal Proceedings” of CVS’ annual report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005. The material legal proceedings affecting Caremark are described in detail in Part II, Item 1, “Legal Proceedings”, of Caremark’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2006 and Part I, Item 3, “Legal Proceedings” of Caremark’s annual report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005. If any of these or new proceedings are determined adversely for Caremark, CVS or the combined company, it could have a material adverse effect on the combined company’s business and results of operations.
In November 2006, the Iron Workers of Western Pennsylvania Pension Plan filed a purported class action lawsuit purportedly on behalf of Caremark stockholders in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee against Caremark and its directors. The complaint alleged, among other things, that the directors breached their fiduciary duties by entering into the proposed merger with CVS. The plaintiff sought, among other things, preliminary and permanent injunctive relief to prevent the proposed merger, to direct the defendants to obtain a transaction which is in the best interests of Caremark stockholders, and to impose a constructive trust upon any benefits improperly received by the defendants. In December 2006, the plaintiff moved for a temporary restraining order enjoining certain provisions of the merger agreement, expedited discovery, and an order to show cause why the proposed merger should not be preliminary enjoined. On December 22, 2006, the court denied the plaintiff’s motion for a temporary restraining order. In January 2007, the defendants moved to stay the lawsuit. On January 5, 2007, the court stayed the lawsuit, denied the plaintiff’s motion to expedite discovery and for an order to show cause, and administratively closed the case.
In November 2006, the Sheetmetal Workers Local 28 Pension Fund filed a purported class action lawsuit in the Chancery Court of Davidson County, Tennessee against Caremark and its directors. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the directors breached their fiduciary duties in approving the proposed merger. The plaintiff seeks, among other things, a declaration that the directors breached their fiduciary duties and injunctive relief preventing the proposed merger. In December 2006, the plaintiff sought to transfer the case to the Circuit Court for Davidson County, Tennessee and to consolidate it with the pending In Re: Caremark Rx, Inc. Stock Option Litigation, described below. The defendants opposed the proposed transfer and consolidation, and those matters remain pending.
In December 2006, Laurence M. Silverstein filed a purported class action lawsuit purportedly on behalf of Caremark stockholders relating to the proposed merger between Caremark and CVS in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. The suit is brought against Caremark, its directors, CVS, and CVS’ chief executive officer. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the Caremark directors breached their
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fiduciary duties by entering into the proposed merger transaction with CVS and that the CVS defendants aided and abetted such breaches of duty. The plaintiff seeks, among other things, preliminary and permanent injunctive relief to prevent the proposed merger, to direct the defendants to obtain a transaction which is in the best interests of Caremark stockholders, and to impose a constructive trust upon any benefits improperly received by the defendants. In January 2007, the plaintiff filed an amended class action complaint and moved for expedited discovery and preliminary injunctive relief. The amended class action complaint adds allegations that the joint proxy statement/prospectus filed on December 19, 2006 omits certain material information. On January 8, 2007, the court stayed the lawsuit and administratively closed the case.
In December 2006, the Louisiana Municipal Police Employees’ Retirement System also filed a purported class action lawsuit purportedly on behalf of Caremark stockholders in the Delaware Court of Chancery against Caremark’s directors and CVS. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the directors breached their fiduciary duties by entering into the proposed merger with CVS. The complaint also alleges that the joint proxy statement/prospectus filed on December 19, 2006 omits certain material information. The plaintiff seeks, among other things, preliminary and permanent injunctive relief to prevent the proposed merger. The lawsuit was amended in January 2007 to add the R.W. Grand Lodge of Free & Accepted Masons of Pennsylvania as a plaintiff and to add Caremark Rx, Inc. as a defendant. A hearing on the plaintiffs’ request for preliminary injunctive relief is currently scheduled for March 20, 2007, with the understanding that the plaintiffs may seek an earlier hearing date in the event that the Caremark stockholder meeting is scheduled before April 1, 2007.
In addition to these recently filed lawsuits, a purported second amended shareholder derivative and class action complaint purportedly on behalf of Caremark stockholders was filed in November 2006 by the plaintiffs in the pending In Re: Caremark Rx, Inc. Stock Option Litigation in the Circuit Court for Davidson County, Tennessee. The purported second amended complaint includes purported class action allegations challenging the proposed merger transaction and adds CVS as a defendant. Among other things, the purported second amended complaint alleges that the Caremark directors approved the merger agreement to avoid personal liability in the pending derivative litigation relating to the alleged backdating of stock options. The purported second amended complaint also alleges that CVS aided and abetted the alleged wrongdoing by the directors of Caremark. The plaintiffs seek, among other things, a declaration that the directors breached their fiduciary duties, injunctive relief preventing the defendants from completing the proposed merger transaction, imposition of a constructive trust upon any illegal profits received by the defendants, and punitive damages. In December 2006, the plaintiffs moved for leave to file a third amended shareholder derivative and class action complaint and moved for expedited discovery. The plaintiffs’ motions for leave to file a third amended complaint and for expedited discovery, which are both opposed, are pending. Moreover, in November 2006, the plaintiffs in the pending In Re: Caremark Rx, Inc. Derivative Litigation in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee moved for leave to file a first amended shareholder derivative and class action complaint to add class action allegations challenging the proposed merger. Among other things, the proposed first amended complaint alleges that the Caremark directors approved the merger agreement to avoid personal liability in the pending derivative litigation relating to the alleged backdating of stock options. In the proposed first amended complaint, the plaintiffs seek, among other things, a declaration that the proposed merger transaction is unfair to the plaintiffs, injunctive relief preventing the defendants from completing the proposed merger, and imposition of a constructive trust upon any illegal profits received by the defendants. The plaintiffs’ motion for leave to amend, which is opposed, is pending.
Caremark believes the claims made in these stockholder lawsuits lack merit and intends to defend them vigorously. CVS believes the allegations pertaining to CVS in the stockholder lawsuits are void of merit and intends to defend them vigorously.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This document contains certain forward-looking information about CVS, Caremark and the combined company that is intended to be covered by the safe harbor for “forward-looking statements” provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be made directly in this document or may be incorporated into this document by reference to other documents and may include statements for the period following the completion of the merger. Representatives of CVS and Caremark may also make forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts. Words such as “expect,” “believe,” “will,” “may,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “estimate,” “intend,” “should,” “can,” “likely,” “could” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements include, but are not limited to statements about the expected benefits of the merger, information about the combined company, including expected synergies and projected revenues and cash flows, combined operating and financial data, including future financial and operating results, the combined company’s objectives, plans and expectations, the likelihood of satisfaction of certain conditions to the completion of the merger and whether and when the merger will be consummated. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including the risks described in this document under the section “Risk Factors”, and those that are incorporated by reference into this document that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied or projected by, the forward-looking information and statements.
Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. These statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of management of CVS and Caremark and are subject to a number of factors that could cause actual outcomes and results to be materially different from those projected or anticipated. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. The following factors, among other things, could cause actual results to differ from the forward-looking statements in this document or those made by representatives of CVS and Caremark:
| 1. | risks and uncertainties discussed and identified in public filings with the SEC made by CVS and Caremark; | |
| 2. | CVS and Caremark may be unable to obtain stockholder or regulatory approvals in a timely manner, if at all; | |
| 3. | the businesses of CVS and Caremark may not be integrated successfully or as quickly as expected; | |
| 4. | the revenues and synergies and other benefits from the merger may not be realized or may take longer to realize than expected; | |
| 5. | the merger may involve unexpected costs; | |
| 6. | limitations that may be imposed on the combined company’s operations that may be necessary to obtain governmental approvals required for the merger; | |
| 7. | the businesses and results of operations of CVS and Caremark may suffer as a result of uncertainty surrounding the merger; | |
| 8. | the strength of the economy in general or in the markets served by CVS and Caremark, including changes in consumer purchasing power and spending patterns; | |
| 9. | risks relating to compliance with, or changes in, government regulation and legislation, including, but not limited to, pharmacy licensing requirements and healthcare reform legislation; | |
| 10. | risks relating to identification of, and competition for, growth and expansion opportunities; | |
| 11. | risks related to CVS’ and Caremark’s ability to attract new customers and retain existing customers; | |
| 12. | risks relating to exposure to liabilities in excess of insurance; | |
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| 13. | risks relating to adverse developments in the healthcare or pharmaceutical industry generally, including, but not limited to, developments in any investigation related to the pharmaceutical industry that may be conducted by governmental authorities; | |
| 14. | risks relating to adverse resolution of existing or future lawsuits or investigations or regulatory developments; | |
| 15. | other unknown or unpredictable factors also could have material adverse effects on future results, performance or achievements of the combined company; and | |
| 16. | those factors listed in “Risk Factors” beginning on page 25. | |
In light of these risks, uncertainties, assumptions and factors, the forward-looking events discussed in this document or made by representatives of CVS or Caremark may not occur. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements which speak only as of the date hereof or, in the case of statements incorporated by reference, on the date of the document incorporated by reference, or, in the case of statements made by representatives of CVS or Caremark, on the date those statements are made. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements concerning the merger or the combined company or other matters addressed in this document and attributable to CVS or Caremark or any person acting on their behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. Except to the extent required by applicable law or regulation, neither CVS nor Caremark undertakes any obligation to update or publish revised forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or the date of the forward-looking statements or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
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THE MERGER
The following discussion contains important information relating to the merger. You are urged to read this discussion together with the merger agreement and related documents attached as Annexes to this document before voting on the merger or the amendment to CVS’ charter and issuance of CVS/Caremark common stock.
Structure of the Merger
The merger agreement provides for the merger of Twain MergerSub Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of CVS that was formed for the purpose of the merger, with and into Caremark, with Caremark surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of CVS. Following the merger, CVS Corporation will be renamed “CVS/Caremark Corporation”.
Merger Consideration
At the effective time of the merger, each issued and outstanding share of Caremark common stock will be converted into the right to receive 1.670 shares of CVS/Caremark common stock. Caremark stockholders will receive cash in lieu of any fractional shares of CVS/Caremark common stock that would have otherwise been received in the merger. See “The Merger Agreement—Fractional Shares” beginning on page 100. CVS and Caremark expect that, upon completion of the merger, the Caremark stockholders immediately prior to the merger will own approximately 45.5% of the outstanding common stock of the combined company on a fully diluted basis, and the CVS stockholders immediately prior to the merger will own approximately 54.5% of the outstanding common stock of the combined company on a fully diluted basis. See “The Merger Agreement—Merger Consideration” beginning on page 99.
Background of the Merger
On October 7, 2005, Thomas M. Ryan, chairman, president and chief executive officer of CVS, and E. Mac Crawford, chairman, president and chief executive officer of Caremark, spoke by telephone to arrange a subsequent meeting.
On October 20, 2005, Mr. Ryan and Mr. Crawford met in Providence, Rhode Island. During this initial meeting, Mr. Ryan and Mr. Crawford discussed the potential strategic fit of the two organizations and the complementary nature of the services provided by each company. Mr. Ryan and Mr. Crawford agreed to evaluate the possible synergies that might be derived from a potential strategic transaction between the parties.
In late October 2005, Evercore was requested to act as a financial advisor to CVS in connection with a potential strategic transaction with Caremark.
On November 2, 2005, the CVS board of directors met and, at the meeting, Mr. Ryan apprised the CVS board of directors of his meeting with Mr. Crawford and the possibility of exploring a strategic transaction with Caremark.
On November 9, 2005, the Caremark board of directors met and discussed possible strategic opportunities for Caremark.
In mid-November 2005, UBS was requested to act as a financial advisor to Caremark in connection with a potential strategic transaction with CVS.
On November 22, 2005, Mr. Ryan and Mr. Crawford met at the Westin Hotel in Providence, Rhode Island to discuss potential growth opportunities for a combined company.
On December 5, 2005, representatives of Evercore, as a financial advisor to CVS, and UBS, as a financial advisor to Caremark, also met to discuss potential financial terms of a potential business combination between CVS and Caremark.
On January 4, 2006, the CVS board of directors met and received an update from Mr. Ryan on the status of discussions with Mr. Crawford regarding a possible strategic transaction with Caremark. At this meeting, Mr. Ryan discussed the strategic rationale for such a combination as well as certain governance and organizational issues.
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On January 30, 2006, a meeting between representatives of CVS and representatives of Caremark took place at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Atlanta, Georgia. During this meeting, the parties discussed a potential business combination between CVS and Caremark and agreed to use a third party consultant to calculate possible synergies that might result from such a transaction. The parties also entered into a non-disclosure agreement.
On February 2, 2006, CVS and Caremark jointly retained through legal counsel an outside consultant to assist with the calculation of potential synergies, and on February 6, 2006, representatives of CVS and representatives of Caremark participated in a conference call with representatives from this firm to commence this process. During February and March 2006, CVS and Caremark provided data to the synergy consultant. The third party consultant’s activities were limited to the performance of mathematical calculations based on the data provided by CVS and Caremark to the third party consultant. The substantive aspects of the analyses were performed by management of CVS and Caremark.
On March 1, 2006, the CVS board of directors met and received an update from Mr. Ryan on the status of discussions with Caremark.
On March 7, 2006, the synergy consultant participated in a conference call with representatives of CVS and representatives of Caremark to discuss their preliminary findings with respect to potential synergies that may arise from a combination.
On March 14, 2006, Mr. Ryan and Mr. Crawford met at the St. Regis Hotel in New York, New York to discuss the possible financial and strategic implications of a business combination between the two parties. Mr. Ryan and Mr. Crawford also discussed potential organizational and governance matters, including board composition of the combined company as well as the effect of a potential business combination on employees, clients, payors and customers of both CVS and Caremark.
In late March 2006, Mr. Ryan called Mr. Crawford, and the parties agreed to terminate any further preliminary discussions of a potential business combination between CVS and Caremark until CVS had completed the then pending acquisition of the Osco/Sav-on stand-alone drugstores.
On April 5, 2006, the Caremark board of directors met telephonically and received an update from Mr. Crawford on the status of discussions with CVS and other strategic opportunities.
On May 11, 2006, the CVS board of directors met and received a presentation by certain members of CVS management on the PBM industry landscape and the strategic rationale and benefits of a business combination with a pharmacy benefit management company.
On May 11, 2006, the Caremark board of directors also met and received a presentation from Caremark’s senior management on potential strategic opportunities for Caremark.
On June 2, 2006, CVS completed the Osco/Sav-on stand-alone drugstore acquisition from Albertson’s.
On August 16, 2006, the Caremark board of directors met and received a presentation from Caremark’s senior management on potential strategic opportunities for Caremark, including a discussion of a potential transaction with a retail pharmacy chain.
On August 22 and 23, 2006, Mr. Ryan and Mr. Crawford met in North Carolina, and the parties agreed to move forward with their discussions and evaluation of a business combination between CVS and Caremark. At this meeting, Mr. Ryan and Mr. Crawford further discussed the strategic rationale for the transaction as well as corporate governance and organizational matters.
On August 30, 2006, Mr. Ryan met with David B. Snow, Jr., the chief executive officer of Medco Health Solutions, Inc., referred to as Medco, to discuss the existing business relationship between the companies, as well as industry trends. At the meeting, Mr. Snow raised the subject of a strategic transaction but specifics were not discussed nor were these discussions further pursued.
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On September 13, 2006, Mr. Ryan met with George E. Paz, the chief executive officer of Express Scripts, Inc., to discuss existing business arrangements between the companies, as well as industry trends especially in light of the trend towards consumerism in the healthcare industry. No specific transactions between the parties were discussed.
On September 20, 2006, the CVS board of directors met and received a presentation from members of management on strategic considerations relating to the PBM business generally and the strategic rationale and benefits of a business combination with Caremark, as well as potential strategic alternatives. In addition, Evercore provided a preliminary financial overview of a potential combination of CVS and Caremark for the CVS board of directors at this meeting. At the conclusion of the meeting, the CVS board authorized management to begin due diligence on Caremark and to engage in negotiations on a potential combination.
On September 25, 2006, the Caremark board of directors met telephonically and received an update from Mr. Crawford on the status of discussions with CVS. The Caremark board of directors discussed the potential business combination with CVS, other strategic growth opportunities and the industry generally.
On September 26, 2006, Mr. Ryan and Mr. Crawford met at the Hyatt Hotel in Dulles, Virginia to discuss further the strategic rationale for, and benefits expected to be derived from, a business combination between the parties. Mr. Ryan and Mr. Crawford also discussed possible governance structures for the combined company and other management issues.
In September 2006, Lehman Brothers was requested to act as a financial advisor to CVS in connection with a potential strategic transaction with Caremark.
In late September 2006, JPMorgan was requested to act as a financial advisor to Caremark in connection with a potential strategic transaction with CVS.
On October 3, 2006, the Caremark board of directors met telephonically and reviewed with UBS and JPMorgan financial aspects of a possible business combination of CVS and Caremark. In addition, the Caremark board of directors discussed potential structures of a transaction with CVS, the potential business combination with CVS in the context of the industry and the potential benefits of such a transaction for Caremark stockholders. The Caremark board authorized Mr. Crawford and his management team to proceed with a due diligence review of CVS and to continue to explore a possible business combination with CVS.
On October 5, 2006, the parties’ financial advisors met to discuss the exchange ratio for the potential transaction and the due diligence and transaction process to be followed. A subsequent meeting among representatives of CVS and representatives of Caremark and their respective legal and financial advisors also took place at the offices of CVS’ legal counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell, in New York, New York. The parties discussed the proposed due diligence process to be followed, regulatory matters raised by a business combination and the parties respective approaches with respect to these issues, the synergies analysis being completed by the outside consulting firm, timing for negotiation and completion of a definitive agreement and process for moving forward with the parties’ consideration and negotiation of a possible business combination between CVS and Caremark.
On October 6, 2006, CVS and Caremark executed a revised non-disclosure agreement. In addition, on October 6, 2006, each party commenced a due diligence review of the other’s operations. Members of CVS senior management and members of Caremark senior management and their internal and external legal, accounting and financial advisors conducted certain due diligence reviews from an operational, financial, accounting, tax and legal perspective, including discussions with the other party’s management. The bulk of the due diligence continued through October 20, with additional follow-up due diligence taking place between October 20 and October 31, 2006.
On October 9, 2006, representatives of CVS and representatives of Caremark and each of their regulatory legal counsel, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky and Popeo, which is referred to as Mintz Levin, and Jones Day, respectively, met to discuss a joint communications strategy in connection with the proposed business combination.
On October 9, 2006, CVS’ legal counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell, distributed an initial draft merger agreement to Caremark and its advisors. During the month of October, negotiations on the merger agreement continued.
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On October 9, 2006, Mr. Crawford met with David B. Snow, Jr., chief executive officer of Medco, to discuss, among other things, the possibility of a business combination between the parties. Caremark and Medco subsequently entered into a confidentiality agreement with each other dated October 23, 2006 and on October 26, 2006, members of Caremark’s management participated in a telephone call with members of Medco’s management. No confidential business information was exchanged between the parties, and no proposals for a potential business combination were made or discussed by either party, including in respect of price or other terms. No further discussions occurred between the parties.
On October 10, 2006, regulatory legal counsel to CVS and regulatory counsel to Caremark met with the outside consulting firm to discuss the synergy analysis. In addition, on October 10, 2006, representatives of CVS and representatives of Caremark and each of their respective legal counsel arranged a conference call to further discuss the overall due diligence process.
On October 12, 2006, representatives of CVS and representatives of Caremark and each of their respective legal counsel and financial advisors met at the New York City offices of King & Spalding, Caremark’s counsel, to discuss current and pending litigation, regulatory and investigation matters facing the companies.
On October 18, 2006, representatives of CVS and representatives of Caremark and each of their respective legal counsel and financial advisors met at the Hyatt Hotel in Dulles, Virginia for presentations by management of each party about their respective businesses.
On October 20, 2006, the Caremark board of directors met telephonically during which Caremark’s senior management, legal counsel and financial advisors reviewed with the Caremark board of directors the status of discussions with CVS regarding the possible transaction. At the meeting, Caremark’s legal counsel reviewed with the Caremark board of directors the draft merger agreement and the Caremark board of directors discussed with Caremark’s senior management, legal counsel and financial advisors the issues raised by the draft agreement, matters identified to date by the due diligence review, corporate governance matters and risks associated with the potential transaction and transaction timing. The Caremark board of directors also discussed synergies expected to be derived from a business combination between CVS and Caremark, the potential transaction in the context of the industry and possible reactions of the market.
On October 23, 2006, the CVS board of directors met to discuss various matters relating to a possible business combination of CVS and Caremark. Prior to this meeting, the board members had received a variety of background materials for their review. Mr. Ryan opened this meeting with a brief overview of the possible transaction and the status of the negotiations. Thereafter, CVS’ financial advisors, Evercore and Lehman Brothers, gave their respective financial overview of the transaction and other strategic alternatives. They also presented their respective views as to the strategic benefits and value-creating potential of the combination. Mr. David B. Rickard, CVS’ chief financial officer, thereafter, presented on the financial due diligence conducted on Caremark up to that time. Thereafter, a Davis Polk & Wardwell partner summarized and analyzed for the CVS board of directors the terms of the merger agreement as they stood at that time and the material open issues that remained to be resolved in negotiations. He also reviewed the fiduciary duties of the CVS board of directors in its consideration of the transaction, and reported on legal due diligence conducted on Caremark. Finally, a Mintz Levin partner and CVS’ chief legal officer, Douglas A. Sgarro, presented to the CVS board of directors on certain litigation and regulatory matters reviewed during the course of legal due diligence on Caremark, as well as on the regulatory process applicable to the transaction. At the conclusion of these various management and advisor presentations, the CVS board of directors discussed the transaction in detail, including the risks (including any regulatory risks) and strategic benefits and synergies expected to be derived from the transaction and the directors’ financial analysis of the proposed transaction. At the end of this discussion, the CVS board of directors authorized CVS to continue to negotiate and explore the possible transaction.
On October 24, 2006, representatives of CVS and representatives of Caremark and each of their respective legal counsel and financial advisors met at the Hyatt Hotel in Dulles, Virginia to discuss financial due diligence matters,
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preliminary results of the synergies analysis conducted by the outside consulting firm and a joint communications strategy in connection with the proposed transaction. The parties also further negotiated open issues in the merger agreement.
On October 24 and October 30, 2006, the parties’ financial advisors discussed Caremark’s and CVS’ views on the exchange ratio for the potential transaction.
On October 25, 2006, the Caremark board of directors met telephonically. At this meeting Caremark’s management and King & Spalding LLP, legal counsel to Caremark, updated the Caremark board of directors regarding the status of the negotiation of the merger agreement. King & Spalding LLP and Caremark’s management discussed with the Caremark board of directors a number of provisions in the current draft of the merger agreement, including the definition of material adverse effect, the obligations of the parties to obtain clearance for the merger from the Department of Justice and U.S. Federal Trade Commission from an antitrust perspective, the circumstances under which Caremark would be permitted to enter into discussions and share non-public information with a third party, the Caremark board of directors’ ability to recommend another transaction to the Caremark stockholders, each party’s termination rights and the circumstances under which a break up fee would be payable. The Caremark board of directors also discussed the fact that these provisions were reciprocal and applied equally to CVS as well as to Caremark. King & Spalding LLP reviewed with the Caremark board of directors deal protection provisions contained in precedent merger of equals transactions, and Caremark’s management, legal counsel and financial advisors also discussed with the Caremark board of directors the amount of the proposed break up fee in the merger and the amount of break up fees in selected precedent merger of equals transactions. After a thorough discussion, the Caremark board of directors authorized Caremark’s management to continue to negotiate the merger agreement, including the deal protection provisions described above. The Caremark board of directors also discussed with Caremark’s senior management, legal counsel (including antitrust counsel) and financial advisors other issues raised by the revised draft agreement, the due diligence process, risks associated with the potential transaction and a regulatory analysis of the transaction. The Caremark board of directors also discussed the potential management team of the combined company and synergies expected to be derived from a business combination between the parties. In addition, the Caremark board of directors received an update on the discussions of the parties’ financial advisors regarding the exchange ratio for the potential transaction.
On October 30, 2006, the Caremark board of directors met telephonically to evaluate the possible business combination with CVS. Prior to the meeting, the Caremark board of directors received various materials, including a draft of the merger agreement. At the meeting, Caremark’s legal counsel reviewed with the Caremark board of directors its legal duties and responsibilities in connection with the possible transaction and reviewed the material terms and conditions of the merger agreement and open points in the merger agreement that were still subject to negotiation. Caremark’s senior management reviewed with the Caremark board of directors the strategic benefits of the possible transaction, the results of the due diligence review of CVS and the risks associated with the possible transaction. Caremark’s financial advisors updated the board of directors on their discussions with CVS’ financial advisors regarding the exchange ratio. A thorough discussion took place among the members of the Caremark board of directors concerning the possible transaction, including a discussion of the risks of the transaction, the expected strategic benefits of the transaction, possible regulatory considerations in connection with the transaction, synergies expected to be derived from the business combination, the interests of directors and officers in the merger and financial aspects of the proposed transaction. At the conclusion of the meeting, the Caremark board of directors authorized management to continue negotiations with CVS to seek to resolve the remaining outstanding issues and to continue due diligence with respect to the potential transaction.
On October 31, 2006, representatives of CVS and representatives of Caremark and each of their respective legal counsel and financial advisors participated in a conference call to resolve the remaining open points in the merger agreement. Between approximately noon on October 31, 2006 and 7:30 a.m., Eastern Time, on November 1, 2006, senior management of CVS and senior management of Caremark and their respective legal and financial advisors finalized the merger agreement and other proposed definitive documentation.
At approximately 8:30 a.m., Eastern Time, on November 1, 2006, the Caremark board of directors met at JPMorgan’s offices in New York, New York to consider and act upon the proposed business combination between CVS and Caremark. Prior to this meeting, the Caremark board of directors received various materials, including a
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substantially final draft of the merger agreement. During this meeting, Caremark’s legal counsel reviewed with the Caremark board of directors the legal duties and responsibilities of the Caremark board of directors in connection with the proposed transaction and provided an update on the material terms and provisions of the merger agreement and changes to the merger agreement that had been negotiated since the last meeting of the Caremark board of directors.
King & Spalding LLP reviewed with the Caremark board of directors the provisions of the draft merger agreement and discussed, among other things, the definition of material adverse effect, the obligations of the parties to obtain clearance for the merger from the Department of Justice and U.S. Federal Trade Commission from an antitrust perspective, the Caremark board of directors’ fiduciary duties under Delaware law, the provisions of the merger agreement relating to the circumstances under which Caremark may engage in discussions and share non-public information with a third party, the Caremark board of directors’ ability to recommend another transaction to the Caremark stockholders, each party’s termination rights and the circumstances under which a break up fee would be payable. King & Spalding LLP also reviewed with the Caremark board of directors revisions made to the merger agreement to address points raised by the Caremark board of directors. In approving the negotiated deal protection provisions contained in the merger agreement, the Caremark board of directors considered, in particular, the following:
Each of the foregoing factors, among others, was considered by the Caremark board of directors in approving the merger agreement.
Members of Caremark’s senior management then updated the Caremark board of directors on the results of due diligence, the risks associated with the transaction and the strategic benefits of the transaction and related transaction matters. In addition, UBS and JPMorgan reviewed with the Caremark board of directors their joint financial analysis of the exchange ratio and each delivered to the Caremark board of directors an oral opinion, each of which was confirmed by delivery of a written opinion dated November 1, 2006, to
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the effect that, as of that date and based on and subject to various assumptions, matters considered and limitations described in such opinion, the exchange ratio was fair, from a financial point of view, to holders of Caremark common stock. Following a thorough discussion of the proposed transaction, the Caremark board of directors unanimously voted to approve the merger and the merger agreement and authorized management of Caremark to take certain actions designed to accomplish the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement.
Following the approval of the merger and the merger agreement, Mr. Ryan was introduced to the Caremark board of directors.
At approximately 9:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on November 1, 2006, the CVS board of directors met telephonically or in person in New York, New York at the offices of Davis Polk & Wardwell. Before the CVS board of directors convened, directors received a package of materials relating to their review of the proposed transaction. Mr. Ryan opened this meeting by summarizing the then current status of deal negotiations and developments since the board had last met. At the conclusion of Mr. Ryan’s summary, Evercore and Lehman Brothers each gave its own presentation as to the financial analyses performed by it relating to the merger. At the conclusion of each of their respective presentations, each of Evercore and Lehman Brothers rendered their respective opinions orally (each of which opinions was later followed up in writing) to the effect that, as of that date and based on and subject to the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and qualifications and limitations described in each such opinion, the exchange ratio was fair, from a financial point of view, to CVS. After these opinions were rendered, a Davis Polk & Wardwell partner summarized the principal deal terms for the members of the CVS board of directors focusing, in particular, on changes to those terms since the CVS board of directors October 23 meeting including as to the resolution of the deal protection provisions. Thereafter, senior CVS executives reviewed again for the members of the CVS board of directors the strategic rationale for, and benefits expected to be derived from, the transaction. A discussion of the transaction followed this review. At the conclusion of this discussion, the CVS board of directors unanimously approved the merger and the merger agreement, resolved to recommend these and related matters to CVS’ stockholders for their approval and authorized CVS management to take certain actions to bring the transaction negotiations to a successful conclusion.
Following the meetings of the CVS board of directors and the Caremark board of directors, CVS and Caremark executed the merger agreement and thereafter issued a joint press release on November 1, 2006 announcing the transaction.
On December 18, 2006, Caremark received an unsolicited offer from Express Scripts, Inc., referred to as Express Scripts, pursuant to which Express Scripts offered to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Caremark common stock for $29.25 in cash and 0.426 shares of Express Scripts common stock for each share of Caremark common stock. The receipt of Express Scripts common stock by Caremark stockholders would be tax free, and the cash portion received by Caremark stockholders would be taxable to Caremark stockholders. Express Scripts’ offer was made subject to, among other things, completion of a confirmatory due diligence review of Caremark, termination of the merger agreement with CVS and negotiation and execution of a merger agreement with Express Scripts. The cash portion of the consideration would be financed by Express Scripts and Express Scripts stated that it had commitment letters from Citigroup Corporate and Investment Banking and Credit Suisse to provide the requisite financing to complete the transaction. Caremark did not receive copies of these commitment letters from Express Scripts nor did it receive a conditional merger agreement from Express Scripts.
On that same day, Caremark issued a press release announcing that the Caremark board of directors would review the terms of the proposal submitted by Express Scripts in a manner consistent with its obligations under the merger agreement with CVS and applicable Delaware law. CVS also issued a press release reaffirming its support of the merger with Caremark and its confidence in the long-term strategic value of the combination as well as the benefit to the stockholders of both Caremark and CVS.
Also on that day, the Caremark board of directors met telephonically to discuss Express Scripts’ proposal. King & Spalding LLP, legal counsel to Caremark, gave a presentation to the Caremark board of directors regarding the directors’ fiduciary duties under Delaware law and reviewed with the Caremark board of directors the requirements of the merger agreement with CVS in connection with receipt and analysis of Express Scripts’ proposal. Caremark’s financial advisors also participated in the meeting.
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On December 20, 2006, the initial waiting period for the merger with CVS required by the HSR Act expired without a Request for Additional Information (commonly referred to as a “second request”) from the U.S. Federal Trade Commission.
On December 22, 2006, the Caremark board of directors met in Nashville, Tennessee to discuss Express Scripts’ proposal. During this meeting, King & Spalding LLP and Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, special counsel, reviewed with the Caremark board of directors the legal standards under Delaware law and related legal considerations applicable to the Caremark board of directors’ review of Express Scripts’ proposal, including a thorough analysis of the applicable requirements of the merger agreement with CVS. Jones Day, Caremark’s antitrust counsel, reviewed possible antitrust implications of the Express Scripts proposal with the Caremark board of directors. Caremark’s financial advisors reviewed with the Caremark board of directors financial aspects of Express Scripts’ proposal as compared to those of the merger with CVS. Management of Caremark gave a presentation to the Caremark board of directors regarding strategic and business considerations of a possible business combination with Express Scripts as compared to the merger with CVS. The Caremark board of directors then met in an executive session.
On December 22, 2006, the CVS board of directors met telephonically. At the commencement of the meeting, Mr. Ryan provided a general update to the CVS board of directors regarding developments with respect to Express Scripts. Davis Polk & Wardwell thereafter summarized Express Scripts’ proposal. Following that summary, representatives of CVS’ financial advisors, Evercore and Lehman Brothers, discussed Express Scripts’ proposal from a financial and market perspective. Davis Polk & Wardwell then summarized potential next steps. Thereafter, the CVS board of directors met in executive session.
On December 23, 2006, Mr. Crawford telephoned Mr. Ryan to discuss CVS’ possible response to Express Scripts’ proposal. Mr. Ryan stated that CVS will have an upcoming board meeting and indicated to Mr. Crawford that CVS remains fully committed to the pending merger with Caremark and will move forward promptly to present the pending merger to the respective stockholders of Caremark and CVS for their respective approvals as contemplated under the merger agreement with CVS.
On December 27, 2006, the Caremark board of directors met telephonically to discuss Express Scripts’ proposal further. King & Spalding LLP also participated in the meeting. The Caremark board of directors determined to reconvene on January 5, 2007 for further review and discussion of the proposal.
On January 2, 2007, Caremark retained Banc of America Securities LLC to act as an additional financial advisor to Caremark.
On January 5, 2007, Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated was retained to act as a financial advisor to CVS in connection with the merger.
On January 5, 2007, the Caremark board of directors met in Nashville, Tennessee to further review the Express Scripts proposal. After thoroughly reviewing the Express Scripts proposal as set forth in its December 18th letter and after consulting with its outside legal and financial advisors and upon consideration of a variety of factors, the Caremark board of directors unanimously determined that the Express Scripts proposal does not constitute, and is not reasonably likely to lead to, a “Superior Proposal” as defined in the merger agreement with CVS. As a result, the Caremark board of directors unanimously concluded that, consistent with its fiduciary duties under Delaware law, the Express Scripts proposal does not meet the requisite standards established under the merger agreement for permitting Caremark to engage in discussions with Express Scripts and that engaging in discussions with Express Scripts is not in the best interests of Caremark and its stockholders. The Caremark board of directors has therefore determined not to enter into discussions with Express Scripts or to provide Express Scripts with access to confidential information concerning Caremark consistent with the board of directors’ obligations under the merger agreement with CVS.
The Caremark board of directors considered a number of factors in connection with its evaluation of Express Scripts’ proposal, as described in more detail below. In view of the number of factors and complexity of these
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matters, the Caremark board of directors did not find it practicable to, nor did it attempt to, quantify, rank or otherwise assign relative weight to the specific factors it considered.
Lacks Strategic Rationale
There is no logical or compelling strategic rationale for a combination of Express Scripts and Caremark. Simply creating a larger pharmacy benefits manager does not address evolving market dynamics, including an increasingly consumer-centric healthcare environment, and greater demand for access to information, personalized pharmaceutical and disease management services, and the ability to better manage costs.
In contrast to the merger with CVS, Express Scripts’ proposal would not provide Caremark with any unique services, programs or tools that could serve to address emerging healthcare trends, improve clinical outcomes, or help consumers manage costs and improve their health.
Creates the Risk of Significant Customer Attrition and Destruction of Stockholder Value
Express Scripts’ proposal creates substantial business risks and potential near- and long-term destruction of stockholder value resulting from the likely loss of existing and prospective customers. Given that the Caremark stockholders would own 57% of the combined company under the Express Scripts’ proposal, they would bear the majority of these adverse consequences. Customers, including some of Caremark’s largest customers, have voiced strong opposition towards an Express Scripts/Caremark combination. These unsolicited comments to Caremark are in stark contrast to the extremely favorable response customers have had to the CVS/Caremark merger.
Caremark believes that uncertainties created by pursuing Express Scripts’ proposal would disrupt and adversely impact at a minimum the 2007 selling season, which extends through the first three quarters of the year. Caremark also believes that the uncertainties presented by the Express Scripts’ proposal would virtually eliminate new business opportunities and make it difficult to renew existing contracts.
Express Scripts’ recently reported financial results have raised questions about its ability to effectively integrate recent acquisitions. Additionally, all of Express Scripts’ past acquisitions have been significantly smaller than those completed by Caremark and CVS, and Express Scripts has no experience integrating a business the size of Caremark. In contrast, Caremark and CVS have an established track record of successfully integrating large-scale acquisitions, and these strong management teams are committed to remaining in place to integrate and manage the combined company.
Intended to Derail the Strategic and Compelling CVS/Caremark Merger and Is a Defensive Move by Express Scripts
Unlike Caremark’s and CVS’ decision to enter into a merger from positions of strength and provide plan sponsors and consumers with the products and services they desire, Express Scripts’ proposal is reactionary and defensive. Caremark believes that Express Scripts’ interference with the CVS/Caremark merger reflects Express Scripts’ concerns about the enhanced competition due to the innovative services created by a CVS/Caremark combination and the change in industry landscape that would result. Several of Caremark’s clients have notified Caremark that Express Scripts has contacted them in an effort to disrupt Caremark’s relationship with the client. Also, Express Scripts has lost approximately $1 billion in net business to Caremark over the last three years. Clearly, Express Scripts fears a greater loss in business when facing an even stronger combined CVS/Caremark.
Questionable Assumptions Regarding the Calculation of Synergies
Caremark has substantial doubts regarding the reliability of the synergy estimates espoused by Express Scripts, based on Caremark’s own knowledge and experience in developing synergy estimates. Express Scripts’ synergy analysis also fails to address the substantial potential negative synergies which could arise from a combination of Express Scripts and Caremark. In addition to the potential loss of business, factors such as the two companies’ vastly different formularies, contracting practices, and adjudication engines and systems create both integration risk and potential for additional negative synergies.
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Faces Significant, if Not Insurmountable, Antitrust Risks and Timing Delays
Express Scripts’ proposal carries significant antitrust risk that could substantially delay closing, could prevent closing altogether, or could result in the imposition of conditions that could adversely impact the business, projected synergies, Express Scripts’ ability to obtain financing for such a transaction, and the terms of such financing. Potential remedies that could be sought by antitrust regulators would be difficult to execute in the pharmacy benefits management business given its service orientation and could negatively affect any potential benefits projected by Express Scripts.
Caremark’s merger with CVS has received antitrust clearance without a second request and is expected to close in the first quarter of 2007, while Express Scripts has just begun the antitrust approval process and Express Scripts does not expect to close its proposed transaction until the third quarter of 2007 at the earliest.
Highly Leveraged and Weakened Business with Diminished Financial Strength and Flexibility
Express Scripts’ proposal would create one of the most leveraged public companies in the healthcare services industry. With Express Scripts’ free cash flow dedicated to debt reduction for several years, the combined company would be severely restricted in its ability to invest in its business, pursue other strategic opportunities, react to changing market dynamics, or engage in value creating financial transactions beneficial to stockholders such as share repurchases and dividends. The concern over leverage associated with Express Scripts’ proposal is further evidenced by S&P’s recent decision to place Express Scripts on negative watch, a measure that is in contrast to the positive watch that CVS received following the merger announcement with Caremark. Negative synergies associated with lost customer accounts or antitrust remedies would only further increase these risks and concerns.
A combined CVS/Caremark will have significant free cash flow, an investment grade credit rating, and considerable borrowing power, giving it substantial financial flexibility to invest in its business and pursue opportunities to enhance stockholder value, including through a continuation of dividend payments and potential future share buybacks.
Other Factors
The Caremark board of directors also considered certain other factors relating to the merger agreement with CVS and the Express Scripts proposal including:
Express Scripts did not disclose its financing and any conditions to the financing that may exist, such as a material adverse effect condition.
Express Scripts has expressly conditioned its willingness to enter into any binding agreement with Caremark on the prior termination of the merger agreement with CVS, as opposed to offering to execute a conditional merger agreement, as permitted by Section 8.07(g) of the merger agreement with CVS. Because there is no conditional merger agreement, which is typical in competing merger proposals, Express Scripts has failed to offer to advance the break-up fee that could become payable to CVS. The Caremark board cannot envision any scenario where it would be willing to trigger the imposition of a $675 million break up fee without having a competing party obligated to fund that payment.
On January 5, 2007, following the Caremark board of directors’ meeting, Mr. Crawford called Mr. Ryan to advise him of the Caremark board of directors’ determination.
Rationale for the Merger
CVS and Caremark each have a long history of being managed with a goal of enhancing stockholder value. While CVS and Caremark both believe that they have strong growth prospects for the near- and long-term as stand-alone entities, both companies believe that a combination of their companies represents the next logical and timely step in the evolution of the pharmacy services industry. The merger is expected to yield significant benefits for employer and health plan customers through more effective cost-management solutions and innovative programs and for consumers through expanded choice, unparalleled access and more personalized services. It is also expected
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to drive substantial value for stockholders of both companies by achieving significant anticipated benefits to be derived from the merger and the creation of a compelling platform from which to accelerate growth.
CVS and Caremark anticipate that the combined company will be positioned to deliver these benefits and enhance stockholder value as a result of the following:
Strategic Benefits. There are a number of reasons that CVS and Caremark believe the merger represents the logical evolution of the pharmacy services industry, including the fact that it combines Caremark’s expertise in serving employers and health plans as a leading pharmacy benefit manager and mail order pharmacy with CVS’ expertise in serving consumers as the nation’s largest retail pharmacy chain based on store count.
Caremark, one of the nation’s leading pharmaceutical services companies, provides comprehensive prescription benefit management services to over 2,000 health plans, including corporations, managed care organizations, insurance companies, unions and government entities. Caremark is also a sponsor of SilverScript prescription drug plans, one of the top ten prescription drug plans (based on enrolled members) offered to Medicare Part D beneficiaries. Caremark operates a national retail pharmacy network with over 60,000 participating pharmacies and owns and operates seven mail order pharmacies and nine call centers. Through its Accordant disease management offering, Caremark also provides disease management programs for 27 conditions. Twenty-one of these programs are accredited by the National Committee for Quality Assurance.
CVS operates the nation’s largest retail pharmacy chain based on store count, with approximately 6,200 stores across 43 states and the District of Columbia as well as PharmaCare, a wholly owned pharmacy benefit management and specialty pharmacy subsidiary which is expected to generate approximately $3 billion in revenues during its 2006 fiscal year. PharmaCare operates four mail order facilities and more than 50 specialty retail pharmacies. Through a joint venture arrangement with Universal American Financial Corp., PharmaCare retains an equity interest in Prescription Pathways, one of the top ten Medicare Part D prescription drug plans in the country (based on members enrolled). CVS also provides healthcare services through its MinuteClinic subsidiary, which as of September 30, 2006 operates over 99 healthcare clinics, 82 of which are located in CVS stores. MinuteClinic was the first and as of the date hereof remains the only retail-based clinic company to receive accreditation from JCAHO.
Based on September 30, 2006 data, the combined company will be:
Consequently, the combined company will offer to employers, health plans and consumers fully integrated end to end pharmacy services, from pharmacy plan design analysis to claims processing to retail or mail order
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prescription fulfillment. The merger will also enable the combined company to offer employers and health plan customers and consumers new and innovative programs, greater choice, unparalleled access and more personalized services. In that regard, the combined company will employ more than 180,000 people, including more than approximately 21,000 pharmacists and nurse practitioners.
In addition, the merger will combine PharmaCare’s specialty operations with Caremark’s specialty operations thereby creating a premier specialty pharmacy provider, with more than 70 specialty retail and mail pharmacies. Specialty pharmacy focuses on supporting individuals that require complex and expensive drug therapies to treat chronic or genetic-based conditions such as organ transplants, HIV/AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis C, hemophilia, infertility, multiple sclerosis and certain cancers. As a result of the merger, the combined company will put together CVS’ and Caremark’s complementary specialty pharmacy offerings to achieve a more comprehensive specialty pharmacy business in terms of diseases covered and will offer expanded distribution capability and patient access through its retail and mail services pharmacies. CVS and Caremark both believe that the combined company will afford employers, health care plans and consumers with significantly enhanced specialty pharmacy services and capabilities by combining the companies’ complementary specialty businesses, providing them with better alternatives and the combined company with greater opportunities to improve its business than would be available to either company individually.
Enhanced Customer Service/Improved Outcomes and Cost Controls. CVS and Caremark believe the merger addresses the rapidly changing dynamics of today’s healthcare delivery system. Healthcare is becoming more consumer-centric as the U.S. healthcare system strains to manage growing costs and employers shift more responsibility for managing costs to employees. An aging population, increasing incidence of chronic disease and increasing utilization attributable to the Medicare prescription benefit is fueling demand for prescriptions and pharmacy services. Generic drugs are becoming more widely available and new drug therapies to treat unmet healthcare needs and reduce hospital stays are being introduced. Consumers require medication management programs and better information to help them navigate these trends. CVS and Caremark believe the merger will position the combined company to provide solutions that address these trends and result in an enhanced pharmacy services experience for consumers.
The combined company will seek to drive value for pharmacy services customers through an enhanced ability to assist and provide actionable information to plan participants and more effectively manage pharmacy cost trends. CVS and Caremark expect the combined company to improve clinical outcomes by providing an integrated information network, improving formulary compliance and appropriate utilization of drug therapy. The combined company intends to utilize CVS’ retail presence and over approximately 21,000 pharmacists and nurse practitioners and Caremark’s systems and clinical programs and services to accomplish this goal. CVS and Caremark believe this will result in better control over healthcare costs for employers and health plans. The combined company will also be better positioned to offer new and broader disease management and wellness services to help consumers manage and protect against potential health risks and mitigate future healthcare costs.
Cost Savings. CVS and Caremark believe the combined company can be operated more efficiently than either company on its own. First, the combined company is now expected to achieve in excess of $500 million in pre-tax benefits from purchasing scale and operating synergies. Operating synergies refers to decreases in overhead expense, increases in productivity and efficiencies, decreases in prescription dispensing costs, and other benefits made possible by combining complementary operations. The estimated $400 million in synergies was updated to in excess of $500 million as a result of the additional integration work completed since receiving antitrust clearance on December 20, 2006.
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costs. CVS and Caremark also anticipate that the combined company will be able to reduce fees for duplicate activities, such as auditing, SEC reporting and other public company costs.
Information regarding the uncertainties associated with realizing these anticipated cost savings is described under the heading “Risk Factors—The combined company may be unable to successfully integrate CVS’ and Caremark’s operations or to realize the anticipated cost savings and other benefits of the merger. As a result, the value of CVS/Caremark common stock may be adversely affected.” beginning on page 26 and “Risk Factors—The combined company will incur significant transaction and merger-related costs in connection with the merger.” beginning on page 28.
Financial. Combined pro forma revenues for CVS and Caremark would have been approximately $72 billion based on the year ended December 31, 2005. Thus, CVS and Caremark believe the combined company will have the size and financial stability to capitalize on anticipated growth opportunities. The merger is expected to further strengthen the mix of revenue sources, providing improved financial flexibility and strong cash-flows.
Compatible Cultures and Record of Successful Transactions. CVS and Caremark share a number of important long-term corporate values, including a commitment to enhancing stockholder value, an emphasis on efficiency, investment discipline and asset productivity, a focus on customer service and satisfaction, and a commitment to compliance, safety and health. Both companies also benefit from talented and dedicated employees with a track record of successfully integrating companies in various business combination transactions that CVS and Caremark each believe have enhanced stockholder value for each company. CVS and Caremark believe that the shared values and experience of our management teams will facilitate an integration of the two companies, and that this business combination will provide further opportunities to enhance stockholder value.
CVS Reasons for the Merger
In approving the transaction and making these recommendations, the CVS board of directors consulted with CVS’ management, as well as its outside legal counsel and CVS’ financial advisors, and it carefully considered the following factors:
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In view of the number and wide variety of factors considered in connection with its evaluation of the merger and the complexity of these matters, the CVS board of directors did not find it practicable to, nor did it attempt to, quantify, rank or otherwise assign relative weights to the specific factors that it considered. In addition, the CVS board of directors did not undertake to make any specific determination as to whether any particular factor was favorable or unfavorable to the CVS board of directors’ ultimate determination or assign any particular weight to any factor, but conducted an overall analysis of the factors described above, including through discussions with and questioning of CVS’ management and management’s analysis of the proposed merger based on information received from CVS’ legal, financial and accounting advisors. In considering the factors described above, individual members of the CVS board of directors may have given different weight to different factors.
In considering the recommendation of the CVS board of directors with respect to the proposals to amend the CVS charter and issue shares of CVS/Caremark common stock in the merger, you should be aware that certain CVS directors and officers have arrangements that cause them to have interests in the transaction that are different from, or are in addition to, the interests of CVS stockholders generally. See “Interests of CVS Executive Officers and Directors in the Merger” beginning on page 69.
The CVS board of directors considered all these factors together and, on the whole, thought them to be favorable to, and to support, its determination to recommend approval by CVS stockholders of the proposals necessary to complete the merger.
Recommendations of the CVS Board of Directors
At its November 1, 2006 meeting, after due consideration with CVS management and CVS’ legal and financial advisors, the CVS board of directors unanimously determined that the merger agreement, and the transactions contemplated therein, including the issuance of CVS/Caremark common stock in the merger and the amendments to the CVS charter, are advisable and in the best interests of CVS and the CVS stockholders. Accordingly, the CVS board of directors unanimously recommends to its stockholders that they vote “FOR” the proposal to amend the CVS charter to increase the number of authorized shares of CVS common stock and change the name of CVS Corporation to CVS/Caremark Corporation, “FOR” the proposal to issue shares of CVS/Caremark common stock to Caremark stockholders in the merger and “FOR” the adjournment or postponement of the CVS special meeting, including if necessary, to solicit additional proxies in favor of the amendments and issuance.
CVS Projections
In connection with the review of the merger, certain financial projections prepared by management of CVS concerning CVS on a stand-alone, pre-merger basis, were exchanged with Caremark.
The projections are “forward-looking statements” and CVS’ actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the projections. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” beginning on page 35 for a discussion of the risks you should consider in reviewing the projections set forth in this joint proxy statement/ prospectus.
The material portions of the financial projections prepared by management of CVS can be summarized as follows:
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| Net Revenue (in millions) | $ | 43,852 | $ | 49,621 | ||
| Earnings Per Share | $ | 1.54 | $ | 1.89 |
These projections were not prepared with a view to public disclosure or compliance with published guidelines established by the SEC or the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants regarding projections. None of CVS, Caremark or their respective affiliates or CVS’ or Caremark’s independent registered public accounting firm
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assumes any responsibility if future results differ from these projections. The projections are subjective in many respects and thus susceptible to interpretation and periodic revision based on actual experience and recent developments. While presented with numeric specificity, the projections reflect numerous assumptions made by the management of CVS with respect to industry performance and competition, general business, economic, market and financial conditions and other matters, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the control of CVS. For these reasons, the inclusion of the projections in this document should not be regarded as an indication that CVS, Caremark, any recipient of the projections or their respective affiliates or representatives considered or consider the projections to be necessarily predictive of actual future events, and the projections should not be relied upon as such. Actual results may be higher or lower than those estimated. CVS and Caremark do not generally publish their respective business plans and strategies or make external disclosures of their respective anticipated financial position or results of operations. Accordingly, CVS and Caremark do not intend to, and specifically decline any obligation to, update or otherwise revise the prospective financial information to reflect circumstances existing since their preparation or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, even if any or all the underlying assumptions are shown to be in error. Also, CVS and Caremark do not intend to, and specifically decline any obligation to, update or revise the prospective financial information to reflect changes in general economic or industry conditions. Neither CVS’ auditors nor Caremark’s auditors, nor any other independent registered public accounting firm, have compiled, examined or performed any procedures with respect to these projections, nor have they expressed any opinion or any other form of assurance on this information or its achievability, and assume no responsibility for, and disclaim any association with, this prospective financial information.
Opinions of Financial Advisors to the CVS Board of Directors
CVS retained Evercore and Lehman Brothers as financial advisors to the CVS board of directors in connection with the merger.
On November 1, 2006, at a meeting of the CVS board of directors held to evaluate the proposed merger, Evercore and Lehman Brothers delivered to the CVS board of directors separate oral opinions, which opinions were confirmed by delivery of separate written opinions dated November 1, 2006, to the effect that, as of that date and based on and subject to various assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and qualifications and limitations on the review undertaken described in each such opinion, the exchange ratio provided for in the merger was fair, from a financial point of view, to CVS.
Evercore’s and Lehman Brothers’ opinions, the full texts of which describe the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and qualifications and limitations on the review undertaken by Evercore and Lehman Brothers, are attached as Annex D and Annex E, respectively, and are incorporated into this document by reference. Evercore’s and Lehman Brothers’ opinions were directed only to the fairness to CVS, from a financial point of view, of the exchange ratio provided for in the merger and do not address any other aspect of the merger. The opinions do not address the relative merits of the merger as compared to other business strategies or transactions that might be available with respect to CVS or CVS’ underlying business decision to effect the merger. The opinions do not constitute a recommendation to any stockholder as to how such stockholder should vote or act with respect to any matters relating to the merger. Holders of CVS common stock are encouraged to read the opinions carefully in their entirety. The summaries of Evercore’s and Lehman Brothers’ opinions described below are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full texts of the opinions.
Opinion of Evercore Group L.L.C.
Evercore has acted as one of CVS’ financial advisors in connection with the merger. Evercore was requested to act as a financial advisor to CVS in late October 2005 to explore a potential transaction with Caremark and was formally engaged pursuant to a letter agreement dated April 21, 2006. In connection with Evercore’s engagement, the CVS board of directors requested that Evercore render an opinion to the CVS board of directors as to the fairness, from a financial point of view, of the exchange ratio to CVS. At the meeting of the CVS board of directors on November 1, 2006, Evercore rendered its oral opinion, which was subsequently confirmed in writing dated as of the same date, that, as of such date and based upon and subject to the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered, and qualifications and limitations set forth in its written opinion, which are described below, the exchange ratio was fair, from a financial point of view, to CVS.
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The full text of Evercore’s written opinion, dated November 1, 2006, which sets forth, among other things, the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered, and qualifications and limitations on the review undertaken in connection with its opinion, is attached as Annex D to this document and is incorporated by reference into this document. The summary of Evercore’s fairness opinion set forth in this document is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the opinion. Stockholders should read the opinion carefully and in its entirety.
Evercore’s opinion is addressed to the board of directors of CVS, and addresses only the fairness, from a financial point of view, of the exchange ratio to CVS. Evercore’s opinion does not address the underlying decision by CVS to engage in the merger and does not constitute a recommendation to any stockholder of CVS, Caremark or any other person as to how such person should vote or act on any matter relating to the proposed merger.
In arriving at its opinion, Evercore, among other things:
For purposes of its analyses and opinion, Evercore relied upon and assumed, without assuming any responsibility for independently verifying, the accuracy and completeness of all the financial and other information that was publicly available or was furnished to Evercore by Caremark or CVS or otherwise discussed with or
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