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Yahoo Inc ˇ 10-Q ˇ For 9/30/08

Filed On 11/7/08 4:16pm ET   ˇ   SEC File 0-28018   ˇ   Accession Number 891618-8-475

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11/07/08  Yahoo Inc                         10-Q        9/30/08    4:114                                    Bowne of Palo Alto/FA

Quarterly Report   ˇ   Form 10-Q
Filing Table of Contents

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: 10-Q        Quarterly Report                                    HTML    646K 
 2: EX-31.1     Certification per Sarbanes-Oxley Act (Section 302)  HTML     10K 
 3: EX-31.2     Certification per Sarbanes-Oxley Act (Section 302)  HTML     10K 
 4: EX-32       Certification per Sarbanes-Oxley Act (Section 906)  HTML      7K 


10-Q   ˇ   Quarterly Report
Document Table of Contents

Page (sequential) | (alphabetic) Top
 
11st Page   -   Filing Submission
"Table of Contents
"Part I
"Financial Information
"Item 1
"Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
"Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008
"Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008
"Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008
"Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
"Item 2
"Management s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
"Item 3
"Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
"Item 4
"Controls and Procedures
"Part Ii
"Other Information
"Legal Proceedings
"Item 1A
"Risk Factors
"Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
"Defaults Upon Senior Securities
"Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
"Item 5
"Item 6
"Exhibits
"Signatures

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Table of Contents

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
 
 
Form 10-Q
 
     
þ
  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
     
    For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008
Or
o
  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
     
    For the transition period from          to          
 
Commission file number 000-28018
 
 
 
 
YAHOO! INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
     
Delaware   77-0398689
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
701 First Avenue
Sunnyvale, California 94089
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (408) 349-3300
 
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes þ     No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
     
Large accelerated filer þ
  Accelerated filer o
     
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o     No þ
 
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
 
     
Class
  Outstanding at October 31, 2008
     
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
  1,387,717,417
 



 

 
 
YAHOO! INC.
 
Table of Contents
 
             
        Page
 
  FINANCIAL INFORMATION     3  
  Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)     3  
    Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008     3  
    Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008     4  
    Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008     5  
    Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements     7  
  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations     28  
  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk     42  
  Controls and Procedures     43  
           
PART II.   OTHER INFORMATION     44  
  Legal Proceedings     44  
  Risk Factors     44  
  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds     58  
  Defaults Upon Senior Securities     58  
  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders     59  
  Other Information     60  
  Exhibits     60  
    Signatures     61  
 EX-31.1
 EX-31.2
 EX-32


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Table of Contents

 
 
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.    Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
 
YAHOO! INC.
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
 
    2007     2008     2007     2008  
    (Unaudited, in thousands except per share amounts)  
 
Revenues
  $ 1,767,506     $ 1,786,426     $ 5,137,276     $ 5,402,113  
Cost of revenues
    740,200       772,277       2,136,849       2,293,271  
                                 
Gross profit
    1,027,306       1,014,149       3,000,427       3,108,842  
                                 
Operating expenses:
                               
Sales and marketing
    410,936       396,982       1,168,785       1,226,472  
Product development
    274,682       323,172       795,268       943,497  
General and administrative
    161,511       199,593       449,934       559,484  
Amortization of intangibles
    29,985       24,228       82,264       71,192  
Strategic workforce realignment costs, net
                      16,885  
                                 
Total operating expenses
    877,114       943,975       2,496,251       2,817,530  
                                 
Income from operations
    150,192       70,174       504,176       291,312  
Other income, net
    43,748       8,881       109,935       57,217  
                                 
Income before income taxes, earnings in equity interests, and minority interests
    193,940       79,055       614,111       348,529  
Provision for income taxes
    (78,653 )     (50,577 )     (258,743 )     (155,243 )
Earnings in equity interests
    36,546       27,762       97,801       537,471  
Minority interests in operations of consolidated subsidiaries
    (547 )     (1,892 )     1,108       (3,031 )
                                 
Net income
  $ 151,286     $ 54,348     $ 454,277     $ 727,726  
                                 
Net income per share — basic
  $ 0.11     $ 0.04     $ 0.34     $ 0.53  
                                 
Net income per share — diluted
  $ 0.11     $ 0.04     $ 0.32     $ 0.51  
                                 
Shares used in per share calculation — basic
    1,335,092       1,383,786       1,342,387       1,363,382  
                                 
Shares used in per share calculation — diluted
    1,395,056       1,397,573       1,403,756       1,396,404  
                                 
Stock-based compensation expense by function:
                               
Cost of revenues
  $ 2,555     $ 4,283     $ 6,919     $ 11,112  
Sales and marketing
    70,353       51,060       172,731       172,904  
Product development
    51,603       55,372       164,354       149,896  
General and administrative
    21,029       21,884       70,321       59,144  
Strategic workforce realignment expense reversals
                      (12,284 )
                                 
Total stock-based compensation expense
  $ 145,540     $ 132,599     $ 414,325     $ 380,772  
                                 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


3



Table of Contents

YAHOO! INC.
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
                 
    December 31,
    September 30,
 
    2007     2008  
    (Unaudited, in thousands
 
    except par values)  
 
ASSETS
Current assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 1,513,930     $ 2,143,750  
Short-term marketable debt securities
    487,544       1,070,350  
Accounts receivable, net
    1,055,532       992,936  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    180,716       189,785  
                 
Total current assets
    3,237,722       4,396,821  
Long-term marketable debt securities
    361,998       85,128  
Property and equipment, net
    1,331,632       1,490,655  
Goodwill
    4,002,030       4,038,445  
Intangible assets, net
    611,497       556,466  
Other long-term assets
    503,945       226,113  
Investments in equity interests
    2,180,917       3,114,852  
                 
Total assets
  $ 12,229,741     $ 13,908,480  
                 
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable
  $ 176,162     $ 150,990  
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
    1,006,188       1,076,991  
Deferred revenue
    368,470       446,565  
Short-term debt
    749,628        
                 
Total current liabilities
    2,300,448       1,674,546  
Long-term deferred revenue
    95,129       246,263  
Capital lease and other long-term liabilities
    28,086       63,008  
Deferred and other long-term tax liabilities, net
    260,993       307,553  
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
           
Minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries
    12,254       15,285  
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 1,534,893 and 1,595,161 shares issued, respectively, and 1,330,828 and 1,386,507 shares outstanding, respectively
    1,527       1,590  
Additional paid-in capital
    9,937,010       11,432,369  
Treasury stock at cost, 204,065 and 208,654 shares, respectively
    (5,160,772 )     (5,267,412 )
Retained earnings
    4,423,864       5,151,590  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    331,202       283,688  
                 
Total stockholders’ equity
    9,532,831       11,601,825  
                 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 12,229,741     $ 13,908,480  
                 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


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Table of Contents

YAHOO! INC.
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
                 
    Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,
    September 30,
 
    2007     2008  
    (Unaudited, in thousands)  
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
               
Net income
  $ 454,277     $ 727,726  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation
    299,933       372,467  
Amortization of intangible assets
    181,539       226,006  
Stock-based compensation expense
    414,325       393,056  
Stock-based strategic workforce realignment expense reversals
          (12,284 )
Tax benefits from stock-based awards
    170,683       52,199  
Excess tax benefits from stock-based awards
    (134,491 )     (35,481 )
Deferred income taxes
    (134,585 )     42,500  
Earnings in equity interests
    (97,801 )     (537,471 )
Dividends received from equity investee
    15,156       18,942  
Minority interests in operations of consolidated subsidiaries
    (1,108 )     3,031  
(Gains)/losses from sales of investments, assets, and other, net
    (12,796 )     2,365  
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:
               
Accounts receivable, net
    (6,381 )     46,422  
Prepaid expenses and other
    61,059       (37,683 )
Accounts payable
    12,073       (35,596 )
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
    50,809       101,162  
Deferred revenue
    24,323       231,873  
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities
    1,297,015       1,559,234  
                 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
               
Acquisition of property and equipment, net
    (409,845 )     (482,918 )
Purchases of marketable debt securities
    (1,105,043 )     (1,281,713 )
Proceeds from sales of marketable debt securities
    478,817       248,130  
Proceeds from maturities of marketable debt securities
    1,376,622       727,890  
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
    (355,514 )     (209,196 )
Purchases of intangible assets
    (75,375 )     (66,984 )
Other investing activities, net
    (30,369 )     (7,751 )
                 
Net cash used in investing activities
    (120,707 )     (1,072,542 )
                 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
               
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
    243,889       331,403  
Repurchases of common stock
    (1,363,236 )     (79,236 )
Structured stock repurchases, net
    (250,000 )      
Excess tax benefits from stock-based awards
    134,491       35,481  
Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units
    (3,750 )     (65,068 )
Other financing activities, net
    (12,125 )     (74 )
                 
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
    (1,250,731 )     222,506  
                 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
    32,502       (79,378 )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
    (41,921 )     629,820  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    1,569,871       1,513,930  
                 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 1,527,950     $ 2,143,750  
                 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


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Table of Contents

 
YAHOO! INC.
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — (Continued)
 
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the holders of the Company’s zero coupon senior convertible notes (the “Notes”) converted $750 million of the Notes into 36.6 million shares of Yahoo! common stock. See Note 9 — “Debt” for additional information.
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Company entered into an 11 year lease agreement for a data center in the western United States (“U.S.”). Of the total expected minimum lease commitment of $105 million, $21 million is classified as an operating lease for real estate and $84 million is classified as a capital lease for equipment.
 
                 
    Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,
    September 30,
 
    2007     2008  
    (Unaudited, in thousands)  
 
Acquisition-related activities:
               
Cash paid for acquisitions
  $ 380,677     $ 234,626  
Cash acquired in acquisitions
    (25,163 )     (25,430 )
                 
    $ 355,514     $ 209,196  
                 
Fair value of common stock and vested stock-based awards issued in connection with acquisitions
  $ 271,504     $  
                 
 
See Note 3 — “Acquisitions” for additional information.
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


6



Table of Contents

YAHOO! INC.
 
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
 
Note 1      THE COMPANY AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
The Company.  Yahoo! Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries (“Yahoo!” or the “Company”), is a leading global Internet brand and one of the most trafficked Internet destinations worldwide. Yahoo! is focused on powering its communities of users, advertisers, publishers, and developers by creating indispensable experiences built on trust. To users, Yahoo! provides owned and operated online properties and services (“Yahoo! Properties” or “Owned and Operated sites”). Yahoo! also extends its marketing platform and access to Internet users beyond Yahoo! Properties through its distribution network of third-party entities (referred to as “Affiliates”) who have integrated the Company’s advertising offerings into their Websites (referred to as “Affiliate sites”) or their other offerings.
 
Basis of Presentation.  The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Yahoo! Inc. and its majority-owned or otherwise controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. Investments in entities in which the Company can exercise significant influence, but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control, are accounted for using the equity method and are included as investments in equity interests on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company has included the results of operations of acquired companies from the closing date of the acquisitions.
 
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring items, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the results of operations for the periods shown. The results of operations for such periods are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year or for any future periods.
 
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to uncollectible receivables, the useful lives of long-lived assets including property and equipment, investment fair values, goodwill and other intangible assets, investments in equity interests, income taxes, and contingencies. In addition, the Company uses assumptions when employing the Black-Scholes option valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards granted. The Company bases its estimates of the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, when these carrying values are not readily available from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
 
These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2007 was derived from the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. However, the Company believes the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In February 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. FAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157” (“FSP FAS 157-2”), which delays the effective date of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”) for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually) for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and


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Table of Contents

 
YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
interim periods within those fiscal years for items within the scope of this FSP. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting FSP FAS 157-2 for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities on its consolidated financial position, cash flows, and results of operations.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141R”) and SFAS No. 160, “Accounting and Reporting of Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB 51” (“SFAS 160”), which will change the accounting for and reporting of business combination transactions and noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements. SFAS 141R and SFAS 160 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2009. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS 141R and SFAS 160 on its consolidated financial position, cash flows, and results of operations.
 
In May 2008, the FASB issued FSP Accounting Principles Board Opinion (“APB”) No. 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement)” (“FSP APB 14-1”), which requires the issuer of certain convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash (or other assets) on conversion to separately account for the liability (debt) and equity (conversion option) components of the instrument in a manner that reflects the issuer’s nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. FSP APB 14-1 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2009 and will require retroactive disclosure. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting FSP APB 14-1 on its consolidated financial position, cash flows, and results of operations.
 
In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities” (“FSP EITF 03-6-1”), which requires entities to apply the two-class method of computing basic and diluted earnings per share for participating securities that include awards that accrue cash dividends (whether paid or unpaid) any time common shareholders receive dividends and those dividends do not need to be returned to the entity if the employee forfeits the award. FSP EITF 03-6-1 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2009 and will require retroactive disclosure. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting FSP EITF 03-6-1 on its consolidated financial position, cash flows, and results of operations.
 
Note 2      BASIC AND DILUTED NET INCOME PER SHARE
 
Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding any unvested restricted stock awards that are subject to repurchase. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares consist of unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units, collectively referred to as “restricted stock awards” (using the treasury stock method), the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options (using the treasury stock method), and the conversion of the Company’s Notes (using the if-converted method).
 
The Company takes into account the effect on consolidated net income per share of dilutive securities of entities in which the Company holds equity interests that are accounted for using the equity method.
 
Potentially dilutive securities representing approximately 143 million and 137 million shares of common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, and 140 million and 135 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for these periods because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.


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YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
 
    2007     2008     2007     2008  
 
Basic:
                               
Numerator:
                               
Net income for basic calculation
  $ 151,286     $ 54,348     $ 454,277     $ 727,726  
                                 
Denominator:
                               
Weighted average common shares
    1,340,401       1,386,008       1,347,553       1,366,391  
Weighted average unvested restricted stock subject to repurchase
    (5,309 )     (2,222 )     (5,166 )     (3,009 )
                                 
Denominator for basic calculation
    1,335,092       1,383,786       1,342,387       1,363,382  
                                 
Net income per share — basic
  $ 0.11     $ 0.04     $ 0.34     $ 0.53  
                                 
Diluted:
                               
Numerator:
                               
Net income for basic calculation
  $ 151,286     $ 54,348     $ 454,277     $ 727,726  
Effect of dilutive securities issued by equity investees
                      (9,362 )
                                 
Net income for diluted calculation
  $ 151,286     $ 54,348     $ 454,277     $ 718,364  
                                 
Denominator:
                               
Denominator for basic calculation
    1,335,092       1,383,786       1,342,387       1,363,382  
Weighted average effect of Yahoo! dilutive securities:
                               
Restricted stock awards
    5,896       4,097       3,633       8,242  
Stock options
    17,501       9,690       21,165       14,505  
Notes
    36,567             36,571       10,275  
                                 
Denominator for diluted calculation
    1,395,056       1,397,573       1,403,756       1,396,404  
                                 
Net income per share — diluted
  $ 0.11     $ 0.04     $ 0.32     $ 0.51  
                                 
 
See Note 9 — “Debt” for additional information related to the Company’s Notes.
 
Note 3      ACQUISITIONS
 
Transactions completed in 2007
 
During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company completed the acquisitions of Right Media Inc. (“Right Media”), Zimbra, Inc. (“Zimbra”), BlueLithium, Inc. (“BlueLithium”), and other business combinations as described in Note 3 — “Acquisitions” to the Company’s annual financial statements for the year ended


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YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
December 31, 2007 filed on Form 10-K. The purchase price allocations of acquisitions completed during 2007 are summarized as follows:
 
                         
    Purchase
          Amortizable
 
    Price     Goodwill     Intangibles  
 
Right Media
  $ 524     $ 440     $ 104  
Zimbra
  $ 303     $ 245     $ 79  
BlueLithium
  $ 255     $ 224     $ 42  
Other acquisitions(*)
  $ 169     $ 74     $ 118  
 
(*) Includes asset acquisitions and other business combinations.
 
The results of operations for Right Media, Zimbra, BlueLithium, and certain other business combinations have been included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations since the completion of the acquisitions in 2007. The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of the Company and the 2007 acquisitions as if the acquisitions had occurred at the beginning of 2007 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
                 
    Three Months Ended
    Nine Months Ended
 
    September 30, 2007     September 30, 2007  
 
Net revenues
  $ 1,782,206     $ 5,216,741  
Net income
  $ 116,810     $ 331,747  
Net income per share — basic
  $ 0.09     $ 0.25  
Net income per share — diluted
  $ 0.08     $ 0.24  
 
The above unaudited pro forma financial information includes adjustments for interest income on cash disbursed for the acquisitions, amortization of identifiable intangible assets, stock-based compensation expense, and related tax effects.
 
Transactions completed in 2008
 
Maven.  On February 11, 2008, the Company acquired Maven Networks, Inc. (“Maven”), a leading online video platform provider. The Company believes that Maven will assist the Company in expanding state-of-the-art consumer video and advertising experiences on Yahoo! and the Company’s network of video publishers across the Web. The purchase price exceeded the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired from Maven and as a result, the Company recorded goodwill in connection with this transaction. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company acquired all of the equity interests (including all outstanding options and restricted stock units) in Maven. Maven stockholders were paid in cash and outstanding Maven options and restricted stock units were assumed. Assumed Maven options and restricted stock units are exercisable for, or will settle in, shares of Yahoo! common stock.
 
The total purchase price of $143 million consisted of $141 million in cash consideration and $2 million of direct transaction costs. In connection with the acquisition, the Company issued stock-based awards valued at $21 million which are being recognized as stock-based compensation expense as the awards vest over a period of up to four years.


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Table of Contents

 
YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
The preliminary allocation of the purchase price of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values was as follows (in thousands):
 
         
Cash acquired
  $ 257  
Other tangible assets acquired
    16,869  
Amortizable intangible assets:
       
Customer contracts and related relationships
    7,100  
Developed technology and patents
    57,100  
Trade name, trademark, and domain name
    1,200  
Goodwill
    87,457  
         
Total assets acquired
    169,983  
Liabilities assumed
    (3,628 )
Deferred income taxes
    (23,485 )
         
Total
  $ 142,870  
         
 
The amortizable intangible assets have useful lives not exceeding six years and a weighted average useful life of five years. No amounts have been allocated to in-process research and development and $87 million has been allocated to goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and is not deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill recorded in connection with this acquisition is included in the U.S. segment. The Company may make additional adjustments to the purchase price allocation related to goodwill and tangible assets acquired.
 
The results of operations for Maven and certain other immaterial business combinations have been included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations since the completion of the acquisitions in 2008. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Company also completed immaterial asset acquisitions that did not qualify as business combinations.
 
The Company’s business combinations completed in 2008 do not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, and therefore pro forma disclosures have not been presented.
 
Note 4      INVESTMENTS IN EQUITY INTERESTS
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s investments in equity interests (dollars in thousands):
 
                         
                Percent
 
    December 31,
    September 30,
    Ownership of
 
    2007     2008     Common Stock  
 
Alibaba Group
  $ 1,440,278     $ 2,223,693       44 %
Alibaba.com
    100,804       51,970       1 %
Yahoo! Japan
    636,164       835,662       34 %
Other
    3,671       3,527          
                         
Total
  $ 2,180,917     $ 3,114,852          
                         
 
Equity Investment in Alibaba Group.  As of September 30, 2008, the Company’s ownership interest in Alibaba Group Holding Limited (“Alibaba Group”) was approximately 44 percent compared to 43 percent as of December 31, 2007. The 1 percent increase is due to an increase in ownership interest resulting from the exchange of certain Alibaba Group shares previously held by employees for shares in Alibaba.com Limited (“Alibaba.com”) (the business-to-business e-commerce subsidiary of Alibaba Group), partly offset by a decrease in ownership interest resulting from the exercise of Alibaba Group’s employee stock options.


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YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
In the initial public offering (“IPO”) of Alibaba.com on November 6, 2007, Alibaba Group sold an approximate 27 percent interest in Alibaba.com through the issuance of new Alibaba.com shares, the sale of previously held shares in Alibaba.com, and the exchange of certain Alibaba Group shares previously held by Alibaba Group employees for shares in Alibaba.com, resulting in a gain on disposal of interests in Alibaba.com. Accordingly, in the first quarter of 2008, the Company recorded a non-cash gain of $401 million, net of tax, within earnings in equity interests representing the Company’s share of Alibaba Group’s gain.
 
As of September 30, 2008, the difference between the Company’s carrying value of its 44 percent investment in Alibaba Group and its proportionate share of the net assets is summarized as follows (in thousands):
 
         
Carrying value of investment
  $ 2,223,693  
Proportionate share of net assets
    1,657,611  
         
Excess of carrying value of investment over proportionate share of net assets
  $ 566,082  
         
The excess carrying value has been assigned to:
       
Goodwill
  $ 528,759  
Amortizable intangible assets
    38,159  
Deferred income taxes
    (836 )
         
Total
  $ 566,082  
         
 
The amortizable intangible assets have useful lives not exceeding seven years and a weighted average useful life of approximately five years. No amount has been allocated to in-process research and development. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.
 
The following table presents Alibaba Group’s financial information, as derived from Alibaba Group’s condensed consolidated financial statements, which includes summary operating information for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2007 and 2008 and summary balance sheet information as of September 30, 2007 and June 30, 2008 (in thousands):
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2007     2008     2007     2008  
 
Operating data(1):
                               
Revenues
  $ 77,080     $ 120,004     $ 205,738     $ 323,988  
Gross profit
  $ 57,693     $ 85,129     $ 148,257     $ 223,702  
Loss from operations
  $ (9,534 )   $ (5,464 )   $ (47,314 )   $ (40,546 )
Net (loss) /income(2)
  $ (13,881 )   $ (2,012 )   $ (47,024 )   $ 1,890,245  
 
                 
    September 30,
    June 30,
 
    2007     2008  
 
Balance sheet data:
               
Current assets
  $ 723,609     $ 2,535,736  
Long-term assets
  $ 1,943,425     $ 2,137,565  
Current liabilities
  $ 452,413     $ 734,295  
Long-term liabilities
  $ 15,369     $ 18,179  
 
 
(1) The Company records its share of the results of Alibaba Group one quarter in arrears within earnings in equity interests in its condensed consolidated statements of income.
 
(2) The net income of $1.9 billion for the nine months ended June 30, 2008 is primarily due to Alibaba Group’s sale of an approximate 27 percent ownership interest in Alibaba.com from Alibaba.com’s IPO.


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YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
 
The Company also has commercial arrangements with Alibaba Group to provide technical, development, and advertising services. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, respectively, these transactions were not material.
 
Equity Investment in Alibaba.com Limited.  As part of the IPO of Alibaba.com, the Company purchased an approximate 1 percent interest in Alibaba.com. This investment is accounted for using the equity method, consistent with the Company’s investment in Alibaba Group, which holds the controlling interest in Alibaba.com. As of September 30, 2008, the fair value of the Company’s investment based on the quoted stock price of Alibaba.com was approximately $52 million. In the third quarter of 2008, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $30 million, net of tax, within earnings in equity interests to reduce the carrying value of the investment to fair value.
 
Equity Investment in Yahoo! Japan.  The investment in Yahoo! Japan Corporation (“Yahoo! Japan”) is being accounted for using the equity method and the total investment is classified as a part of the investments in equity interests balance on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
 
On September 1, 2007, the Company commenced a new commercial arrangement with Yahoo! Japan in which the Company provides advertising and search marketing services to Yahoo! Japan for a service fee and exited the pre-existing commercial arrangement. Previously, the Company earned marketing services revenues from advertisers and paid traffic acquisition costs (“TAC”) to Yahoo! Japan. The Company no longer recognizes marketing services revenues and TAC for the delivery of sponsored search results and payments to Affiliates in Japan as Yahoo! Japan is responsible for the fulfillment of all advertiser and Affiliate services. Under this new arrangement, the Company records marketing services revenues from Yahoo! Japan for the provision of search marketing services based on a percentage of advertising revenues earned by Yahoo! Japan for the delivery of sponsored search results. In addition to marketing services revenues, the Company continues to record revenues from license fees from Yahoo! Japan. The prior commercial arrangement resulted in net costs of approximately $41 million and $199 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, respectively. The new arrangement resulted in revenues of approximately $60 million and $214 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively. As of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, the Company had a net receivable balance from Yahoo! Japan of approximately $62 million and $35 million, respectively.
 
As of September 30, 2008, the Company’s ownership interest in Yahoo! Japan was approximately 34 percent compared to 33 percent as of June 30, 2008. The 1 percent increase is due to share repurchases that were undertaken by Yahoo! Japan on the open market. The Company’s proportionate share of Yahoo! Japan’s share repurchase amount in excess of its book value was approximately $111 million and has been primarily allocated to goodwill. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.
 
The fair value of the Company’s ownership interest in Yahoo! Japan, based upon the quoted stock price of Yahoo! Japan as of September 30, 2008, was approximately $6 billion.
 
The following table presents Yahoo! Japan’s condensed financial information, as derived from the Yahoo! Japan financial statements, which includes summary operating information for the three and nine months ended


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YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
June 30, 2007 and 2008 and summary balance sheet information as of September 30, 2007 and June 30, 2008 (in thousands):
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2007     2008     2007     2008  
 
Operating data(*):
                               
Revenues
  $ 469,272     $ 627,486     $ 1,414,624     $ 1,950,305  
Gross profit
  $ 449,355     $ 561,002     $ 1,358,405     $ 1,690,592  
Income from operations
  $ 245,617     $ 314,887     $ 728,323     $ 911,452  
Net income
  $ 134,142     $ 183,373     $ 396,928     $ 488,482  
 
                 
    September 30,
    June 30,
 
    2007     2008  
 
Balance sheet data:
               
Current assets
  $ 1,131,234     $ 1,082,227  
Long-term assets
  $ 1,783,430     $ 1,917,773  
Current liabilities
  $ 692,337     $ 695,777  
Long-term liabilities
  $ 347,995     $ 188,483  
 
(*) The Company records its share of the results of Yahoo! Japan one quarter in arrears within earnings in equity interests in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
 
The differences between GAAP and accounting principles generally accepted in Japan, the standards by which Yahoo! Japan’s financial statements are prepared, did not materially impact the amounts reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
Note 5      GOODWILL
 
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 are as follows (in thousands):
 
                         
    United States     International     Total  
 
Balance as of January 1, 2008
  $ 2,518,848     $ 1,483,182     $ 4,002,030  
Acquisitions and other(*)
    86,903       43,364       130,267  
Foreign currency translation adjustments
          (93,852 )     (93,852 )
                         
Balance as of September 30, 2008
  $ 2,605,751     $ 1,432,694     $ 4,038,445  
                         
 
(*) Other primarily includes certain purchase price adjustments that affect existing goodwill.


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YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
 
Note 6      INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s intangible assets, net (in thousands):
 
                                 
    December 31, 2007     September 30, 2008  
          Gross Carrying
    Accumulated
       
    Net     Amount     Amortization(1)     Net(2)  
 
Customer, affiliate, and advertiser related relationships
  $ 143,195     $ 193,784     $ (78,482 )   $ 115,302  
Developed and acquired technology and intellectual property rights
    384,041       745,966       (355,655 )     390,311  
Trade name, trademark, and domain name
    84,261       205,451       (154,598 )     50,853  
                                 
Total intangible assets, net
  $ 611,497     $ 1,145,201     $ (588,735 )   $ 556,466  
                                 
 
(1) Since the acquisition of these intangible assets, foreign currency translation adjustments, reflecting movement in the currencies of the underlying entities, totaled approximately $20 million as of September 30, 2008.
 
(2) As of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, $506 million and $487 million, respectively, of the net intangibles balance were related to the U.S. segment. As of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, $105 million and $69 million, respectively, of the net intangibles balance were related to the International segment.
 
For the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, the Company recognized amortization expense for intangible assets of $68 million and $79 million, respectively, including $38 million in cost of revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and $55 million in cost of revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2008. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, the Company recognized amortization expense for intangible assets of $182 million and $226 million, respectively, including $100 million and $155 million, respectively, in cost of revenues. Based on the current amount of intangibles subject to amortization, the estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2008 and each of the succeeding years is as follows: three months ending December 31, 2008: $60 million; 2009: $175 million; 2010: $139 million; 2011: $91 million; 2012: $58 million; 2013: $20 million; and cumulatively thereafter: $13 million.
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, the Company licensed $75 million and $67 million, respectively, of patents and intellectual property rights, included in the “Developed and acquired technology and intellectual property rights” category of the intangible assets balances as of September 30, 2007 and 2008, respectively.
 
Note 7      OTHER INCOME, NET
 
Other income, net is comprised of (in thousands):
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
 
    2007     2008     2007     2008  
 
Interest and investment income
  $ 30,800     $ 23,249     $ 102,638     $ 68,157  
Investment losses, net
    (16 )     (123 )     (3,676 )     (353 )
Gain on the sale of Overture Japan
    6,083             6,083        
Other
    6,881       (14,245 )     4,890       (10,587 )
                                 
Total other income, net
  $ 43,748     $ 8,881     $ 109,935     $ 57,217  
                                 
 
Interest and investment income consists of income earned from cash in bank accounts and investments made in marketable debt securities and money market funds.


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Table of Contents

 
YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
Investment losses, net includes realized gains and losses related to sales of marketable securities and/or investments in publicly traded or privately held companies as well as any declines in the values of such investments judged to be other than temporary.
 
Other consists mainly of foreign exchange gains and losses due to re-measurement.
 
Note 8      COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
Comprehensive income, net of tax, is comprised of (in thousands):
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
 
    2007     2008     2007     2008  
 
Net income
  $ 151,286     $ 54,348     $ 454,277     $ 727,726  
Change in net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities, net of tax and reclassification adjustments
    12,426       9,671       1,224       8,424  
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
    66,283       (294,721 )     124,970       (55,938 )
                                 
Other comprehensive income/(loss)
    78,709       (285,050 )     126,194       (47,514 )
                                 
Comprehensive income/(loss)
  $ 229,995     $ (230,702 )   $ 580,471     $ 680,212  
                                 
 
The following table summarizes the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (in thousands):
 
                 
    December 31,
    September 30,
 
    2007     2008  
 
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities, net of tax
  $ 26,874     $ 35,298  
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
    304,328       248,390  
                 
Accumulated other comprehensive income
  $ 331,202     $ 283,688  
                 
 
Note 9      DEBT
 
In April 2003, the Company issued $750 million of the Notes due April 1, 2008 at par bearing no interest, and convertible, under certain circumstances, no later than their April 1, 2008 maturity date.
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, $750 million of the Notes were converted into 36.6 million shares of Yahoo! common stock. As of December 31, 2007, the Notes were classified as short-term debt, because if conversion had not been requested by the holders of the Notes, the Company would have had to settle the Notes in cash at maturity.
 
Note 10      STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 
Stock Options.  The Company’s Amended and Restated 1995 Stock Plan and other stock-based award plans assumed through acquisitions are collectively referred to as the “Plans”. Stock option activity under the Company’s


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Table of Contents

 
YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
Plans and the Amended and Restated 1996 Directors’ Stock Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 is summarized as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
                 
          Weighted Average
 
          Exercise Price per
 
    Shares     Share  
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
    180,397     $ 29.36  
Options granted
    6,821     $ 24.74  
Options assumed
    216     $ 25.78  
Options exercised(*)
    (18,639 )   $ 14.84  
Options cancelled, forfeited, or expired
    (24,839 )   $ 35.32  
                 
Outstanding at September 30, 2008
    143,956     $ 29.99  
                 
 
(*)  The Company’s current practice is to issue new shares to satisfy stock option exercises.
 
As of September 30, 2008, there was $288 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation costs related to unvested stock options which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years.
 
The fair value of option grants, including the options granted under the Company’s 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Purchase Plan”), was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
 
                                 
    Stock Options     Purchase Plan  
    Three Months Ended     Three Months Ended  
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
 
    2007     2008     2007     2008  
 
Expected dividend yield
    0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %
Risk-free interest rate
    4.5 %     3.1 %     4.5 %     2.9 %
Expected volatility
    34.2 %     50.3 %     30.3 %     33.1 %
Expected life (in years)
    3.7 5     4.0 0     0.4 8     0.4 8
 
                                         
    Stock Options     Purchase Plan  
    Nine Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
 
    2007     2008     2007     2008  
 
Expected dividend yield
    0 .0%       0 .0%       0 .0%       0 .0%  
Risk-free interest rate
    4 .7%       2 .84%       4 .5%       2 .9%  
Expected volatility
    31 .7%       39 .7%       30 .3%       33 .1%  
Expected life (in years)
    3 .75       3 .96       0 .48       0 .48  


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Table of Contents

 
YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 is summarized as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
                 
          Weighted Average
 
          Grant Date Fair
 
    Shares     Value  
 
Unvested at December 31, 2007
    30,227     $ 29.34  
Granted
    15,996     $ 26.32  
Assumed
    686     $ 28.63  
Vested
    (7,312 )   $ 28.18  
Forfeited
    (5,332 )   $ 26.04  
                 
Unvested at September 30, 2008
    34,265     $ 28.68  
                 
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, 7.3 million previously granted restricted stock awards and restricted stock units vested. A majority of these vested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units were net share settled such that the Company withheld shares with value equivalent to the employees’ minimum statutory obligation for the applicable income and other employment taxes, and remitted the cash to the appropriate taxing authorities. The total number of shares withheld of approximately 2.4 million was based on the value of the restricted stock awards on their vesting date as determined by the Company’s closing stock price. Total payments for the employees’ tax obligations to the relevant taxing authorities were $65 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and are reflected as a financing activity within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Upon the vesting of shares of certain restricted stock awards, 1.0 million shares were reacquired by the Company to satisfy the tax withholding obligations and $27 million was recorded as treasury stock. Payments of $38 million related to net share settlements of restricted stock units had the effect of share repurchases by the Company as they reduced the number of shares that would have otherwise been issued as a result of the vesting and were recorded as a reduction of additional paid-in-capital.
 
As of September 30, 2008, there was $486 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation costs related to unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.3 years.
 
Executive Retention Compensation Arrangement.  During 2006, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors approved a three-year performance and retention compensation arrangement with Terry Semel, the Company’s then Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). On June 18, 2007, the executive retention arrangement was terminated due to Mr. Semel’s resignation as the CEO of the Company. During the second quarter of 2007, $16 million of stock-based compensation expense recorded through March 31, 2007 under this arrangement was reversed due to the forfeitures of equity awards. No similar arrangement exists for the current CEO.
 
Note 11      STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM
 
In October 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program allowing it to repurchase up to $3.0 billion of its outstanding shares of common stock from time to time over the next five years, depending on market conditions, share price, and other factors. Repurchases may take place in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, including derivative transactions, and may be made under a Rule 10b5-1 plan.
 
During the three months ended September 30, 2008, the Company did not repurchase any shares of common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Company repurchased 3.4 million shares of common stock at an average price of $23.39 per share. Total cash consideration for the repurchased stock was $79 million. The remaining authorization under the Company’s share repurchase program is approximately $1.1 billion.


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YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
Note 12      COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
Lease Commitments.  The Company leases office space and data centers under operating and capital lease agreements with original lease periods of up to 23 years, expiring between 2008 and 2027.
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Company entered into an 11 year lease agreement for a data center in the western U.S. Of the total expected minimum lease commitment of $105 million, $21 million is classified as an operating lease for real estate and $84 million is classified as a capital lease for equipment. The Company has the option to renew this lease for up to an additional ten years.
 
A summary of gross and net lease commitments as of September 30, 2008 is as follows (in millions):
 
                         
    Gross Operating
    Sublease
    Net Operating
 
    Lease Commitments     Income     Lease Commitments  
 
Three months ending December 31, 2008
  $ 38     $ (1 )   $ 37  
Years ending December 31,
                       
    149       (4 )     145  
2010
    129       (2 )     127  
2011
    107       (2 )     105  
2012
    94             94  
2013
    84             84  
Due after 5 years
    301             301  
                         
Total gross and net lease commitments
  $ 902     $ (9 )   $ 893  
                         
 
         
    Capital Lease
 
    Commitment  
 
Three months ending December 31, 2008
  $ 2  
Years ending December 31,
       
    7  
2010
    7  
2011
    7  
2012
    7  
2013
    8  
Due after 5 years
    46  
         
Gross lease commitment
  $ 84  
         
Less: interest
    (42 )
         
Net lease commitment
  $ 42  
         
 
Affiliate Commitments.  In connection with contracts to provide advertising services to Affiliates, the Company is obligated to make payments, which represent TAC, to its Affiliates. As of September 30, 2008, these commitments totaled $434 million, of which $40 million will be payable in the remainder of 2008, $170 million will be payable in 2009, $163 million will be payable in 2010, and $61 million will be payable in 2011.
 
Intellectual Property Rights.  The Company is obligated to make certain payments under various intellectual property arrangements of up to $53 million through 2023.
 
Other Commitments.  In the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to customers, vendors, lessors, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the Company’s breach of agreements, services to be


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YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
provided by the Company, or intellectual property claims made by third parties. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and certain of its officers that will require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. The Company has also agreed to indemnify certain former officers, directors, and employees of acquired companies in connection with the acquisition of such companies. The Company maintains director and officer insurance, which may cover certain liabilities arising from its obligation to indemnify its directors and officers, and former directors and officers of acquired companies, in certain circumstances. It is not possible to determine the aggregate maximum potential loss under these indemnification agreements due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Such indemnification agreements may not be subject to maximum loss clauses. Historically, the Company has not incurred material costs as a result of obligations under these agreements and it has not accrued any liabilities related to such indemnification obligations in its condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
As of September 30, 2008, the Company did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As such, the Company is not exposed to any financing, liquidity, market, or credit risk that could arise if the Company had engaged in such relationships. In addition, the Company identified no variable interests currently held in entities for which it is the primary beneficiary.
 
Contingencies.  From time to time, third-parties assert patent infringement claims against Yahoo!. Currently, the Company is engaged in lawsuits regarding patent issues and has been notified of other potential patent disputes. In addition, from time to time, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, including claims of alleged infringement of trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property rights, claims related to employment matters, and a variety of other claims, including claims alleging defamation, invasion of privacy, or similar claims arising in connection with the Company’s e-mail, message boards, photo and video sites, auction sites, shopping services, and other communications and community features.
 
On May 24, 2001, Arista Records, Inc., Bad Boy Records, BMG Music d/b/a The RCA Records Label, Capitol Records, Inc., Virgin Records America, Inc., Sony Music Entertainment, Inc., UMG Recordings, Inc., Interscope Records, Motown Record Company, L.P., and Zomba Recording Corporation filed a lawsuit alleging copyright infringement against LAUNCH Media, Inc. (“LAUNCH”) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The plaintiffs alleged, among other things, that the consumer-influenced portion of LAUNCH’s LAUNCHcast service is “interactive” within the meaning of Section 114 of the Copyright Act and therefore does not qualify for the compulsory license provided for by the Copyright Act. The complaint sought declaratory and injunctive relief and damages for the alleged infringement. After the lawsuit was commenced, Yahoo! entered into an agreement to acquire LAUNCH, which closed in August 2001, and since that time LAUNCH has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Yahoo!. Because LAUNCH settled the LAUNCH litigation as to all other plaintiffs, BMG Music d/b/a/The RCA Records Label was the sole remaining plaintiff in this proceeding. On April 27, 2007, after a two week jury trial, the jury returned a unanimous verdict in favor of LAUNCH finding no liability. The plaintiff has filed a notice of appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
 
On July 12, 2001, the first of several purported securities class action lawsuits was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against certain underwriters involved in Overture Services Inc.’s (“Overture”) IPO, Overture, and certain of Overture’s current and former officers and directors. The Court consolidated the cases against Overture. Plaintiffs allege, among other things, violations of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Securities Exchange Act”) involving undisclosed compensation to the underwriters, and improper practices by the underwriters, and seek unspecified damages. Similar complaints were filed in the same court against numerous public companies that conducted IPOs of their common stock since the mid-1990s. All of these lawsuits were consolidated for pretrial purposes before Judge Shira Scheindlin. On April 19, 2002, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. On July 15, 2002, the issuers filed an


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YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
omnibus motion to dismiss for failure to comply with applicable pleading standards. On October 8, 2002, the Court entered an Order of Dismissal as to all of the individual defendants in the Overture IPO litigation, without prejudice. On February 19, 2003, the Court denied the motion to dismiss the claims against certain defendants, including Overture. In June 2004, a stipulation of settlement and release of claims against the issuer defendants, including Overture, was submitted to the Court for approval. While the partial settlement was pending approval, the plaintiffs continued to litigate against the underwriter defendants. The district court directed that the litigation proceed within a number of “focus cases” rather than in all of the 310 cases that had been consolidated. Overture’s case is not one of these focus cases. On October 13, 2004, the district court certified these focus cases as class actions. The underwriter defendants appealed that ruling, and on December 5, 2006, the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit overturned the district court’s class certification decision. Since class certification, which was a condition of the settlement, was not met, the parties stipulated to terminate the settlement. On June 25, 2007, the Court entered an order terminating the proposed settlement based upon this stipulation. Plaintiffs amended complaints in the six cases. On March 26, 2008, the district court denied the motions to dismiss except as to Section 11 claims raised by some plaintiffs who sold their securities for a price in excess of the initial offering price and those who purchased outside the previously certified class period. Initial briefing on the class certification motion was completed in April 2008. The Company intends to defend the case vigorously.
 
In May 2007, two purported class actions were commenced by plaintiffs Ellen Brodsky and Manifred Hacker, asserting claims arising under the federal securities laws against the Company and certain individual defendants. These actions were ordered consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California and, on December 21, 2007, a Consolidated Amended Complaint was filed against Yahoo! and certain individual defendants, including current and former officers and a former director and officer. Plaintiffs purport to represent a class of persons who purchased the Company’s common stock between April 8, 2004 and July 18, 2006. Plaintiffs allege that defendants engaged in a scheme to inflate the Company’s share price by making false and misleading statements regarding the Company’s operations, financial results, and future business prospects in violation of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act and SEC Rule 10b-5. Plaintiffs also allege that the individual defendants engaged in insider trading in violation of Section 20(A) of the Securities Exchange Act, and as control persons are subject to liability under Section 20(A) of the Securities Exchange Act. The Consolidated Amended Complaint seeks compensatory damages, injunctive relief, disgorgement of alleged insider trading proceeds, and other equitable relief. On March 10, 2008, the Court granted defendants’ motion to transfer the action to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. On October 7, 2008, the Court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss the Consolidated Amended Complaint with leave to amend. Pursuant to the order, plaintiffs must file their Second Consolidated Amended Complaint by November 17, 2008.
 
On May 15, 2007, a stockholder derivative complaint was filed in the California Superior Court, Santa Clara County, by Greg Brockwell against members of the Company’s Board of Directors and selected officers. Brockwell seeks to prosecute the action on behalf of the Company, which is named as a “nominal defendant,” and to obtain relief on behalf of the Company. The complaint alleges breaches of state law, including breaches of fiduciary duties, waste of corporate assets, unjust enrichment and violations of the California Corporations Code between April 2004 and the present. The derivative complaint alleges facts substantially similar to the Consolidated Amended Complaint in the federal class action litigation, and seeks, on behalf of the Company, treble damages under California law, equitable and injunctive relief, restitution, and reimbursement of costs. Discovery has been initiated. On June 14, 2007, a second stockholder derivative action was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California by Jill Watkins against members of the Board of Directors and selected officers. The complaint filed by Plaintiff Watkins is substantially similar to the complaint filed by Plaintiff Brockwell, with the addition of a claim for relief for alleged violation of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act. The federal derivative plaintiff (Watkins) has agreed to coordinate her action with the consolidated federal class action litigation. On April 15, 2008, defendants filed a motion to transfer the Watkins federal derivative action to accompany the previously transferred Consolidated Amended Complaint in the Brodsky federal class action litigation. On April 21, 2008, defendants also opposed plaintiff’s motion to further amend the complaint to assert


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YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
allegations relating to Microsoft Corporation’s (“Microsoft”) February 1, 2008 unsolicited proposal to acquire Yahoo! Inc. On April 29, 2008, the Watkins action was transferred to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, and a motion to amend the complaint was denied by the transferring court.
 
Since February 1, 2008, five separate stockholder lawsuits were filed in the California Superior Court, Santa Clara County, against Yahoo! Inc., members of the Board of Directors and selected former officers by plaintiffs Edward Fritsche, the Thomas Stone Trust, Tom Turberg, Congregation Beth Aaron, and the Louisiana Municipal Police Employees’ Retirement System (the “California Lawsuits”). The California Lawsuits were consolidated, and on March 12, 2008, a Consolidated Amended Class Action and Derivative Complaint was filed, captioned In re Yahoo! Inc. Shareholder Litigation, in Santa Clara County Superior Court. The Consolidated Amended Class and Derivative Complaint alleges that the Yahoo! Board of Directors breached fiduciary duties in connection with Microsoft’s unsolicited proposal to acquire Yahoo!. The Consolidated Amended Class and Derivative Complaint seeks declaratory and injunctive relief, as well as an award of plaintiffs’ attorneys’ fees and costs. On March 28, 2008, the Santa Clara County Superior Court granted defendants’ motion to stay the Consolidated Amended Class Action and Derivative Complaint pending resolution of similar proceedings pending in Delaware Court of Chancery described below.
 
Since February 11, 2008, five separate stockholder lawsuits were filed in Delaware Court of Chancery against Yahoo! Inc. and members of the Board of Directors by plaintiffs The Wayne County Employees’ Retirement System, Ronald Dicke, and The Police and Fire Retirement System of the City of Detroit along with The General Retirement System of the City of Detroit, Plumbers and Pipefitters Local Union No. 630 Pension-Annuity Trust Fund and Vernon A. Mercier (the “Delaware Lawsuits”). Two of the Delaware Lawsuits (by plaintiff Wayne County and by plaintiff Plumbers and Pipefitters Local Union) were voluntarily dismissed with prejudice. The remaining Delaware Lawsuits were consolidated (lead plaintiff is the Police and Fire Retirement System of the City of Detroit) and lead counsel was appointed. On June 13, 2008, defendants filed a motion to dismiss the operative complaint. On June 16, 2008, the Court denied plaintiffs’ renewed request for an expedited trial date and on July 11, 2008 stayed all discovery pending resolution of defendants’ motion to dismiss. In lieu of opposing the motion to dismiss, on July 14, 2008, plaintiffs filed a motion for leave of court to file an amended complaint (the “Second Amended and Consolidated Complaint”). The proposed Second Amended and Consolidated Complaint purports to allege claims against certain former and current members of Yahoo!’s Board of Directors on behalf of all Yahoo! stockholders, except defendants and their affiliates. Yahoo! is named as a nominal defendant only, and no monetary relief is sought against the Company.
 
The proposed Second Amended and Consolidated Complaint generally alleges that defendants breached fiduciary duties in connection with consideration of proposals by Microsoft to purchase all or part of Yahoo!, adoption of severance plans, the June 12, 2008 agreement between Google Inc. and Yahoo! and purports to allege claims relating to alleged false and misleading statements in Yahoo!’s proxy statement. With regard to the proxy statement, plaintiffs allege that the proxy statement falsely discloses that the severance plans were designed to help retain the Company’s employees, maintain a stable work environment and provide certain economic benefits to the employees in the event their employment is actually or constructively terminated in connection with a change in control of the Company when, according to plaintiffs, the severance plans allegedly (i) were designed to interfere with Microsoft’s desire for an orderly integration and to defend against a potential proxy contest, (ii) provide no economic benefit to employees in the event of any reduction in force, reorganization or alternative transaction in lieu of a sale to Microsoft, and (iii) were drafted in a manner that may potentially trigger a tax liability for employees who resign and receive severance. Plaintiffs also allege that the proxy statement is misleading in stating that Compensia advised the Company and F.W. Cook & Co. advised the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company with respect to the terms of the plans and that the proxy statement omits to state that Yahoo! management disregarded and withheld from the Board of Directors advice and information provided by Compensia regarding (i) the provisions of the severance plans that allow an employee to obtain severance benefits by claiming a change in the employee’s duties or responsibilities following a change in control, (ii) the amount of severance benefits to be paid to senior executives of Yahoo! following a change in control, and (iii) the potential


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YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
total cost of the severance plans. Plaintiffs also allege that the proxy statement omits to state that neither Compensia nor F.W. Cook & Co. attended any relevant meeting of the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee. The proposed Second Amended and Consolidated Complaint seeks unspecified compensatory damages, declaratory and injunctive relief, as well as an award of plaintiffs’ attorneys’ fees and costs.
 
The Company may incur substantial expenses in defending against such claims, and it is not presently possible to accurately forecast their outcome. The Company does not believe, based on current knowledge, that any of the foregoing legal proceedings or claims are likely to have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the event of a determination adverse to Yahoo!, its subsidiaries, directors, or officers, the Company may incur substantial monetary liability, and be required to change its business practices. Either of these could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
 
Change in Control Severance Plans.  On February 12, 2008, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company approved two change in control severance plans (the “Severance Plans”) that, together, cover all full-time employees of the Company, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and the executive officers currently employed by the Company. The Severance Plans are designed to help retain the employees, help maintain a stable work environment, and provide certain economic benefits to the employees in the event their employment is terminated following a change in control of the Company. Benefits under the Severance Plans generally include (1) continuation of the employee’s annual base salary, as severance pay for a designated number of months following the employee’s severance date; (2) reimbursement for outplacement services; (3) continued medical group health and dental plan coverage for the period the employee receives severance pay; and (4) accelerated vesting of all stock options, restricted stock units, and any other equity-based awards previously granted or assumed by the Company and outstanding as of the severance date.
 
Note 13      SEGMENTS
 
The Company manages its business geographically. The primary areas of measurement and decision-making are the U.S. and International. Management relies on an internal management reporting process that provides revenues and segment operating income before depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation expense for making financial decisions and allocating resources.


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YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
The following tables present summarized information by segment (in thousands):
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
 
    2007     2008     2007     2008  
 
Revenues by segment:
                               
United States
  $ 1,194,911     $ 1,279,924     $ 3,414,182     $ 3,851,857  
International
    572,595       506,502       1,723,094       1,550,256  
                                 
Total revenues
  $ 1,767,506     $ 1,786,426     $ 5,137,276     $ 5,402,113  
                                 
Segment operating income before depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation expense:
                               
United States
  $ 338,423     $ 291,406     $ 1,042,278     $ 904,438  
International
    127,886       118,972       357,695       366,119  
                                 
Total segment operating income before depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation expense
    466,309       410,378       1,399,973       1,270,557  
Depreciation and amortization
    (170,577 )     (207,605 )     (481,472 )     (598,473 )
Stock-based compensation expense
    (145,540 )     (132,599 )     (414,325 )     (380,772 )
                                 
Income from operations
  $ 150,192     $ 70,174     $ 504,176     $ 291,312  
                                 
Capital expenditures, net:
                               
United States
  $ 121,093     $ 145,066     $ 342,086     $ 421,265  
International
    26,057       22,162       67,759       61,653  
                                 
Total capital expenditures, net
  $ 147,150     $ 167,228     $ 409,845     $ 482,918  
                                 
 
                 
    December 31,
    September 30,
 
    2007     2008  
 
Property and equipment, net:
               
United States
  $ 1,182,212     $ 1,355,303  
International
    149,420       135,352  
                 
Total property and equipment, net
  $ 1,331,632     $ 1,490,655  
                 
 
The following table presents revenues for groups of similar services (in thousands):
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
 
    2007     2008     2007     2008  
 
Marketing services:
                               
Owned and Operated sites
  $ 923,061     $ 1,002,070     $ 2,634,896     $ 2,983,451  
Affiliate sites
    620,540       560,652       1,863,356       1,738,671  
                                 
Marketing services
    1,543,601       1,562,722       4,498,252       4,722,122  
Fees
    223,905       223,704       639,024       679,991  
                                 
Total revenues
  $ 1,767,506     $ 1,786,426     $ 5,137,276     $ 5,402,113  
                                 


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YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
Note 14      INCOME TAXES
 
The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 were 64.0 percent and 44.5 percent, respectively, compared to 40.6 percent and 42.1 percent for the same periods in 2007. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 differ from the statutory federal income tax rate of 35.0 percent primarily due to state taxes, the effect of non-U.S. operations, non-deductible stock-based compensation expense, and the resolution of examinations by taxing authorities. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 were higher than the rates for the same periods in 2007 primarily due to the expiration of the federal research tax credit in 2008 and an increase in 2008 of non-deductible stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by the effect of non-U.S. operations. In addition, for the three months ended September 30, 2008, a change in forecasted profitability between U.S. and international jurisdictions resulted in a higher estimated annual tax rate as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2008.
 
The Company’s total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2008 is $703 million, of which $255 million is recorded in the financial statements in the deferred and other long-term tax liabilities, net line item of the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The total unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2008 increased by $17 million from the balance as of December 31, 2007.
 
The Company’s federal and California income tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 are currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service and the California Franchise Tax Board.
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Company recorded a deferred tax liability of $276 million related to its investment in the Alibaba Group. The deferred tax liability resulted primarily from the non-cash gain recorded in the first quarter of 2008 in connection with the IPO of Alibaba.com. See Note 4 — “Investments in Equity Interests” for additional information.
 
Note 15      FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. Investments with effective maturities of less than 12 months from the balance sheet date are classified as current assets. Investments with effective maturities greater than 12 months from the balance sheet date are classified as long-term assets.
 
The Company’s marketable debt and equity securities are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Realized gains or losses and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary, if any, on available-for-sale securities are reported in other income, net. The Company evaluates the investments periodically for possible other-than-temporary impairment and reviews factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time which may be sufficient for anticipated recovery in market value. The Company records impairment charges equal to the amount that the carrying value of its available-for-sale securities exceeds the estimated fair market value of the securities as of the evaluation date, if appropriate. In computing realized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, the Company determines cost based on amounts paid, including direct costs such as commissions to acquire the security, using the specific identification method.
 
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS 157 for financial assets and liabilities. SFAS 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements by establishing a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities


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YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
(Level 1 measurements) and lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under SFAS 157 are described below:
 
Basis of Fair Value Measurement
 
Level 1 Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
 
Level 2 Inputs reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or the liability; or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
 
Level 3 Unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions incorporated in valuation techniques used to determine fair value. These assumptions are required to be consistent with market participant assumptions that are reasonably available.
 
The following table set forth the financial assets, measured at fair value, by level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2008 (in thousands):
 
                         
    Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using  
Assets
  Level 1     Level 2     Total  
 
Money market funds(1)
  $ 603,166     $     $ 603,166  
Available-for-sale securities
                       
U.S. Government and agency securities(1)
          1,315,057       1,315,057  
Municipal bonds(1)
          2,597       2,597  
Asset-backed securities(1)
          14,312       14,312  
Commercial paper(1)
          510,645       510,645  
Corporate debt securities(1)
          160,394       160,394  
Corporate equity securities(2)
    116,710             116,710  
                         
Total assets at fair value
  $ 719,876     $ 2,003,005     $ 2,722,881  
                         
 
(1) The money market funds, U.S. Government and agency securities, municipal bonds, asset-backed securities, commercial paper, and corporate debt securities are classified as part of either cash equivalents or investments in marketable debt securities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
 
(2) The corporate equity securities are classified as part of the other long-term assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
 
The amount of cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2008 includes $663 million in cash deposited with commercial banks and $30 million in bank deposits classified as short-term marketable securities.
 
The fair value of the Company’s Level 1 financial assets are based on quoted market prices of the identical underlying security. The fair value of the Company’s Level 2 financial assets are obtained from readily-available pricing sources for the identical underlying security that may not be actively traded. As of September 30, 2008, the Company did not have any material Level 3 financial assets or liabilities.
 
The Company has investments in equity interests that are accounted for using the equity method and are classified as part of the investment in equity interests balance in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.


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YAHOO! INC.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
 
Note 16      STRATEGIC WORKFORCE REALIGNMENT
 
During the quarter ended March 31, 2008, the Company implemented a strategic workforce realignment to more appropriately allocate resources to the Company’s key strategic initiatives. The strategic realignment involves investing resources in some areas, reducing resources in others, and eliminating some areas of the Company’s business that do not support the Company’s strategic priorities.
 
During the quarter ended March 31, 2008, the Company incurred total pre-tax cash charges of approximately $29 million in severance pay expenses and related cash expenses in connection with the workforce realignment, all of which were recorded in the first quarter of 2008. The pre-tax cash charges were offset by a $12 million credit related to non-cash stock-based compensation expense reversals for forfeited unvested awards, resulting in a net estimated total strategic workforce realignment pre-tax expense of approximately $17 million. Of the $17 million strategic workforce realignment pre-tax expense, $13 million was related to the U.S. segment and $4 million was related to the International segment. As of September 30, 2008, the remaining accrual related to the strategic workforce realignment was approximately $3 million.
 
Note 17      SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
 
Cost Reduction Initiatives.  On October 21, 2008, the Company announced its intent to significantly reduce its costs. As part of its cost reduction initiatives, the Company expects to reduce its global workforce by at least 10 percent by December 31, 2008. The Company expects to incur cash charges related to the workforce reduction for severance and other related costs. In addition, the Company expects to incur cash costs related to contract terminations and consolidation of facilities as part of these cost reduction initiatives. Total charges are expected to include these cash costs and may also include charges or credits related to stock-based compensation expense and charges related to non-cash impairment costs.
 
The Company expects to recognize the foregoing charges during the fourth quarter of 2008 and during 2009. Because the Company’s cost reduction initiatives are not yet final, the Company is unable, at this time, to estimate the amount of cash and total charges, including non-cash impairment charges (if any), it will incur.


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Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
Forward-Looking Statements
 
In addition to current and historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to our future operations, prospects, potential products, services, developments, and business strategies. These statements can, in some cases, be identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “intend,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. This Report includes, among others, forward-looking statements regarding our:
 
  •  expectations about revenues, including revenues for marketing services and fees;
 
  •  expectations about growth in users;
 
  •  expectations about cost of revenues and operating expenses;
 
  •  expectations about our effective tax rate and the amount of unrecognized tax benefits;
 
  •  expectations about our on-going strategic and cost reduction initiatives;
 
  •  anticipated capital expenditures;
 
  •  impact of recent acquisitions on our business and evaluation of, and expectations for, possible acquisitions of, or investments in, businesses, products, and technologies; and
 
  •  expectations about positive cash flow generation and existing cash, cash equivalents, and investments being sufficient to meet normal operating requirements.
 
These statements involve certain known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others, those listed in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of this Report. We do not intend, and undertake no obligation, to update any of our forward-looking statements after the date of this Report to reflect actual results or future events or circumstances.
 
Overview
 
We are a leading global Internet brand and one of the most trafficked Internet destinations worldwide. We are focused on powering our communities of users, advertisers, publishers, and developers by creating indispensable experiences built on trust. We seek to provide Internet services that are essential and relevant to these communities of users, advertisers, publishers, and developers. Publishers, such as eBay Inc., WebMD, Cars.com, Forbes.com, and the Newspaper Consortium (our strategic partnership with a consortium of more than 20 leading United States (“U.S.”) newspaper publishing companies), are a subset of our distribution network of third-party entities (referred to as “Affiliates”) and are primarily Websites and search engines that attract users by providing content of interest, presented on Web pages that have space for advertisements. We manage and measure our business geographically. Our geographic segments are the U.S. and International.
 
To users, we provide owned and operated online properties and services (“Yahoo! Properties” or “Owned and Operated sites”). We also extend our marketing platform and access to Internet users beyond Yahoo! Properties through our Affiliates who have integrated our advertising offerings into their Websites (referred to as “Affiliate sites”) or their other offerings.
 
To advertisers and publishers, we provide a range of marketing solutions and tools that enable businesses to reach users who visit Yahoo! Properties and our Affiliate sites.
 
To developers, we provide an innovative and easily accessible array of Web Services and Application Programming Interfaces (“APIs”), technical resources, tools, and channels to market.
 
We focus on expanding our communities of users and deepening their engagement on Yahoo! Properties to enhance the value of our users to advertisers and publishers and thereby increase the spending of advertisers and


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publishers with us. We believe that we can expand our communities of users by offering compelling Internet services and effectively integrating search, community, personalization, and content to create a powerful user experience. We leverage our user relationships and the social community the users create to enhance our online advertising potential, as well as our fee-based services.
 
As used below, “Page Views” is defined as our internal estimate of the total number of Web pages viewed by users on Owned and Operated sites. “Searches” is defined as online search queries that may yield Internet search results ranked and sorted based on relevance to the user’s search query. “Sponsored search results” are a subset of the overall search results and provide links to paying advertisers’ Web pages. A “click-through” occurs when a user clicks on an advertisers’ language.
 
We believe the searches, Page Views, click-throughs, and the related marketing services and fees revenues that we generate correlate to the number and activity level of users across our offerings on Yahoo! Properties and the activity level on our Affiliate sites. By providing a platform for our users that brings together our search technology, content, and community while allowing for personalization and integration across devices, we seek to become more essential to, increase our share of, and deepen the engagement of, our users with our products and services. We believe this deeper engagement of new and existing users coupled with the growth of the Internet as an advertising medium may enable us to increase our revenues in the future.
 
During the second quarter of 2008, we entered into a non-exclusive services agreement (the “Services Agreement”) with Google Inc. (“Google”) to enable us to run advertisements supplied by Google alongside our search results and on Yahoo! Properties, as well as on Websites of certain partners and Affiliates. Although the Services Agreement was not subject to prior regulatory approval, Yahoo! and Google voluntarily agreed to delay implementation of the Services Agreement while the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) reviewed the agreement. At the conclusion of its review, the DOJ indicated that it intended to file a complaint to seek to enjoin the implementation of the Services Agreement. Following the DOJ’s decision, Google delivered notice to us that it was terminating the Services Agreement effective November 5, 2008.
 
On October 21, 2008, we announced our intent to significantly reduce our costs. As part of our cost reduction initiatives, we expect to reduce our global workforce by at least 10 percent by December 31, 2008. We expect to incur cash charges related to the workforce reduction for severance and other related costs. In addition, we expect to incur cash costs related to contract terminations and consolidation of facilities as part of these cost reduction initiatives. Total charges are expected to include these cash costs and may also include charges or credits related to stock-based compensation expense and charges related to non-cash impairment costs.
 
We expect to recognize the foregoing charges during the fourth quarter of 2008 and during 2009. Because our cost reduction initiatives are not yet final, we are unable, at this time, to estimate the amount of cash and total charges, including non-cash impairment charges (if any), we will incur.
 
Third Quarter Highlights
 
                                                 
    Three Months Ended
      Nine Months Ended
   
    September 30,   2007-2008
  September 30,   2007-2008
Operating Highlights
  2007   2008   Change   2007   2008   Change
    (In thousands)
 
Revenues
  $ 1,767,506     $ 1,786,426     $ 18,920     $ 5,137,276     $ 5,402,113     $ 264,837  
Income from operations
  $ 150,192     $ 70,174     $ (80,018 )   $ 504,176     $ 291,312     $ (212,864 )
 
                         
    Nine Months Ended
       
    September 30,     2007-2008
 
Cash Flow Highlights
  2007     2008     Change  
    (In thousands)  
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
  $ 1,297,015     $ 1,559,234     $ 262,219  
Net cash used in investing activities
  $ (120,707 )   $ (1,072,542 )   $ (951,835 )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
  $ (1,250,731 )   $ 222,506     $ 1,473,237  


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Income from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 includes a net $17 million pre-tax strategic workforce realignment charge, which was recorded in the first quarter of 2008.
 
Income from operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 includes incremental costs of $37 million and $73 million, respectively, for outside advisors related to Microsoft Corporation’s (“Microsoft”) proposals to acquire all or a part of the Company, other strategic alternatives, including the Google agreement, the proxy contest, and related litigation defense costs.
 
Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 includes a $350 million one-time payment related to a commercial arrangement entered into with AT&T Inc., which was recorded in long-term deferred revenue in the first quarter of 2008 and is being recognized in marketing services revenues over the underlying service period.
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we repurchased $79 million of common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we repurchased approximately $1.4 billion of common stock and settled a $250 million structured stock repurchase transaction which was entered into in the first quarter of 2007 in which we received 8.4 million shares of our common stock.
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, our zero coupon senior convertible notes (the “Notes”) were converted, resulting in the issuance of 36.6 million shares and payment of less than $1 million in cash.
 
Results of Operations
 
The following table sets forth selected information on our results of operations as a percentage of revenues for the periods indicated:
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended
  Nine Months Ended
    September 30,   September 30,
    2007   2008   2007   2008
 
Revenues
    100 %     100 %     100 %     100 %
Cost of revenues
    42       43       42       42  
                                 
Gross profit
    58       57       58       58  
Operating expenses:
                               
Sales and marketing
    23       22       23       23  
Product development
    16       18       15       18  
General and administrative
    9       11       8       11  
Amortization of intangibles
    1       2       2       1  
Strategic workforce realignment costs, net
    0       0       0       0  
                                 
Total operating expenses
    49       53       48       53  
                                 
Income from operations
    9       4       10       5  
Other income, net
    2       1       2       1  
                                 
Income before income taxes, earnings in equity interests, and minority interests
    11       5       12       6  
Provision for income taxes
    (4 )     (3 )     (5 )     (3 )
Earnings in equity interests
    2       1       2       10  
Minority interests in operations of consolidated subsidiaries
    0       0       0       0  
                                 
Net income
    9 %     3 %     9 %     13 %
                                 


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Revenues.  Revenues by groups of similar services are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
                                                                                 
    Three Months Ended September 30,     Percent
    Nine Months Ended September 30,     Percent
 
    2007     (*)     2008     (*)     Change     2007     (*)     2008     (*)     Change  
 
Marketing services:
                                                                               
Owned and Operated sites
  $ 923,061       52 %   $ 1,002,070       56 %     9 %   $ 2,634,896       51 %   $ 2,983,451       55 %     13 %
Affiliate sites
    620,540       35 %     560,652       31 %     (10 )%     1,863,356       37 %     1,738,671       32 %     (7 )%
                                                                                 
Marketing services
  $ 1,543,601       87 %   $ 1,562,722       87 %     1 %   $ 4,498,252       88 %   $ 4,722,122       87 %     5 %
Fees
    223,905       13 %     223,704       13 %     0 %     639,024       12 %     679,991       13 %     6 %
                                                                                 
Total revenues
  $ 1,767,506       100 %   $ 1,786,426       100 %     1 %   $ 5,137,276       100 %   $ 5,402,113       100 %     5 %
                                                                                 
 
(*) Percent of total revenues.
 
We currently generate marketing services revenues principally from display advertising on Owned and Operated sites and from sponsored search results generated from searches on Owned and Operated and Affiliate sites. In addition, we receive revenues for Content Match links (advertising on Yahoo! Properties and Affiliate sites which include contextually relevant advertiser links to their respective Websites) on Owned and Operated and Affiliate sites and display advertising on Affiliate sites. The net revenues and related volume metrics from Content Match links and display advertising on Affiliate sites are not currently material and are excluded from the discussion and calculation of average revenue per Page View on Owned and Operated sites and average revenue per search on Affiliate sites that follows. Our revenue growth for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 was attributable to continuing growth in our search and display advertising businesses in the third quarter of 2008. For the remainder of 2008, we expect our revenues to be relatively flat on a year over year basis.
 
We believe our growing number of users, advertisers, publishers, and inventory, both on and off our network, over recent years has driven the increases in our marketing services revenues. We also believe our expanding offerings, including our enhanced algorithmic search technology, contribute to our growing number of users.
 
Marketing Services Revenues from Owned and Operated Sites.  Marketing services revenues from Owned and Operated sites for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 increased by 9 percent and 13 percent, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2007. Factors leading to growth in overall marketing services revenues included an increase in user activity levels on Yahoo! Properties, which contributed to a higher volume of searches, Page Views, click-throughs, and ad impression displays. The transition of and changes in certain of our broadband access partnerships from being fee-paying user based to an advertising revenue sharing model have also contributed to the increase in marketing services revenues from Owned and Operated sites.
 
We periodically review and refine our methodology for monitoring, gathering, and counting Page Views to more accurately reflect the total number of Web pages viewed by users on Yahoo! Properties. Based on this process, from time to time we update our methodology to exclude from the count of Page Views interactions with our servers that we determine or believe are not the result of user visits to our Owned and Operated sites. Using our updated methodology, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the same periods in 2007, Page Views increased 17 percent and 20 percent, respectively, and revenue per Page View decreased 7 percent and 5 percent, respectively. The decrease in revenue per Page View is due to a shift to lower-yielding display advertising.
 
The primary components of our marketing services revenues from Owned and Operated sites are growth in search and display advertising. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, revenues from search advertising on Owned and Operated sites grew 17 percent and 18 percent, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2007. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, revenues from display advertising on Owned and Operated sites grew 3 percent and 10 percent, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2007.
 
Marketing Services Revenues from Affiliate Sites.  Marketing services revenues from Affiliate sites for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 decreased 10 percent and 7 percent, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2007. The sale of Overture Japan to Yahoo! Japan in the third quarter of 2007 negatively impacted the Affiliate revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 by approximately


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$90 million and $320 million, respectively, on a year over year basis. For the remainder of 2008, we expect our marketing services revenues from Affiliate sites to be relatively flat on a year over year basis.
 
The number of searches on Affiliate sites increased by approximately 18 percent for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, as compared to the same periods in 2007. The increase in the volume of searches is primarily attributed to a slight increase in the number of Affiliates, as well as increases in searches per Affiliate.
 
The average revenue per search on our Affiliate sites decreased by 27 percent and 24 percent, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, as compared to the same periods in 2007, primarily as a result of a change in traffic mix and the impact of the aforementioned sale of Overture Japan to Yahoo! Japan.
 
Fees Revenues.  Fees revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2008 were flat and increased 6 percent, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the same periods in 2007.
 
Our fees revenues include premium fee-based services such as Internet broadband services, sports, music, photos, games, personals, premium e-mail offerings, and services for small businesses. Other fee-based revenues include royalties, licenses, and mobile services.
 
Fees revenues remained flat year over year due to the transition of and changes in certain of our broadband access partnerships, from being fee-paying user based to an advertising revenue sharing model. The market has moved to an environment in which advertising revenue sharing is the prevailing model, and we are evolving our partnerships accordingly. This has resulted in a reduction in fees revenues associated with these partnerships, but is expected to be offset by increased marketing services revenues associated with the display advertising and sponsored search revenue share arrangements. As we have renewed contracts with broadband partners and our relationships have moved from being fee-paying user based to an advertising revenue-sharing model, our number of fee-paying users has decreased.
 
The increase in fees revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 is due to an increase in the number of paying users during the first quarter of 2008.
 
As used in this discussion, “fee-paying users” is based on the total number of fee-based subscriptions aggregated from each Yahoo! Property. To calculate the average revenue per fee-paying user, we divide the revenue generated from the subscriptions by the average fee-paying users during the quarter.
 
The number of paying users for our fee-based services decreased to 10.8 million as of September 30, 2008 compared to 18.7 million as of September 30, 2007, a decrease of 42 percent as a result of the business model changes described above. Average monthly revenues per paying user was approximately $4 for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, compared to approximately $3 for the same periods in 2007. The increase in average monthly revenues per paying user for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 is due to the change in mix of fee-based subscribers, primarily the reduction in broadband subscribers due to the renegotiation of broadband partnerships from fee-paying user based to an advertising revenue sharing model.
 
Adjusting the number of fee-paying users as of September 30, 2007 to remove fee-paying users related to our renewed broadband relationships, our fee-paying users would have been 9.9 million, compared to 10.8 million as of September 30, 2008, an increase of 9 percent.
 
Costs and Expenses.  Operating costs and expenses consist of cost of revenues, sales and marketing, product development, general and administrative, and amortization of intangibles expenses. Cost of revenues consists of traffic acquisition costs (“TAC”), Internet connection charges, and other expenses associated with the production and usage of Yahoo! Properties, including amortization of acquired intellectual property rights and developed technology.


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As part of our cost reduction initiatives announced on October 21, 2008, we expect to reduce our global workforce by at least 10 percent by December 31, 2008. We expect to incur cash charges related to the workforce reduction for severance and other related costs and cash costs related to contract terminations and consolidation of facilities as part of these cost reduction initiatives. Total charges may also include charges or credits related to stock-based compensation expense and charges related to non-cash impairment costs. We expect to recognize the foregoing charges during the fourth quarter of 2008 and during 2009.
 
Operating costs and expenses are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
                                                 
    Three Months Ended September 30,     Percent
    Dollar
 
    2007     (*)     2008     (*)     Change     Change  
 
Cost of revenues
  $ 740,200       42 %   $ 772,277       43 %     4 %   $ 32,077  
Sales and marketing
  $ 410,936       23 %   $ 396,982       22 %     (3 )%   $ (13,954 )
Product development
  $ 274,682       16 %   $ 323,172       18 %     18 %   $ 48,490  
General and administrative
  $ 161,511       9 %   $ 199,593       11 %     24 %   $ 38,082  
Amortization of intangibles
  $ 29,985       1 %   $ 24,228       2 %     (19 )%   $ (5,757 )
                                                 
                                                 
    Nine Months Ended September 30,     Percent
    Dollar
 
    2007     (*)     2008     (*)     Change     Change  
 
Cost of revenues
  $ 2,136,849       42 %   $ 2,293,271       42 %     7 %   $ 156,422  
Sales and marketing
  $ 1,168,785       23 %   $ 1,226,472       23 %     5 %   $ 57,687  
Product development
  $ 795,268       15 %   $ 943,497       18 %     19 %   $ 148,229  
General and administrative
  $ 449,934       8 %   $ 559,484       11 %     24 %   $ 109,550  
Amortization of intangibles
  $ 82,264       2 %   $ 71,192       1 %     (13 )%   $ (11,072 )
Strategic workforce realignment costs, net
  $           $ 16,885       0 %     100 %   $ 16,885  
 
(*) Percent of total revenues.
 
Stock-based compensation expense was allocated as follows (in thousands):
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended September 30,     Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2007     2008     2007     2008  
 
Cost of revenues
  $ 2,555     $ 4,283     $ 6,919     $ 11,112  
Sales and marketing
    70,353       51,060       172,731       172,904  
Product development
    51,603       55,372       164,354       149,896  
General and administrative
    21,029       21,884       70,321       59,144  
Strategic workforce realignment expense reversals
                      (12,284 )
                                 
Total stock-based compensation expense
  $ 145,540     $ 132,599     $ 414,325     $ 380,772  
                                 
 
See Note 10 — “Stock-Based Compensation” in the Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements as well as our Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments, and Estimates for additional information about stock-based compensation.
 
The changes in operating costs and expenses include, among other things, changes in TAC, compensation, information technology, depreciation and amortization, and facilities expenses. Each of these costs and expenses are described below.
 
Traffic Acquisition Costs.  TAC consist of payments made to Affiliates and payments made to companies that direct consumer and business traffic to Yahoo! Properties. We enter into agreements of varying duration that involve TAC. There are generally three economic structures of the Affiliate agreements: fixed payments based on a guaranteed minimum amount of traffic delivered, which often carry reciprocal performance guarantees from the Affiliate; variable payments based on a percentage of our revenues or based on a certain metric, such as number of searches or paid clicks; or a combination of the two. We expense TAC under two different methods. Agreements


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with fixed payments are expensed ratably over the term the fixed payment covers, and agreements based on a percentage of revenues, number of paid introductions, number of searches, or other metrics are expensed based on the volume of the underlying activity or revenues multiplied by the agreed-upon price or rate.
 
Compensation, Information Technology, Depreciation and Amortization, and Facilities Expenses.  Compensation expense consists primarily of salary, bonuses, commissions, and stock-based compensation expense. Information and technology expense includes telecom usage charges and data center operating costs. Depreciation and amortization expense includes depreciation of server equipment and information technology assets and amortization of developed or acquired technology and intellectual property rights. Facilities expense consists primarily of building maintenance costs, rent expense, and utilities.
 
The changes in operating costs and expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007 are comprised of the following (in thousands):
 
                                                         
          Information
    Depreciation and
                         
    Compensation     Technology     Amortization     Facilities     TAC     Other     Total  
 
Cost of revenues
  $ 7,774     $ 11,083     $ 32,649     $ 733     $ (23,791 )   $ 3,629     $ 32,077  
Sales and marketing
    (15,128 )     893       (22 )     4,212             (3,909 )     (13,954 )
Product development
    32,625       (161 )     6,289       6,219             3,518       48,490  
General and administrative
    1,526       (292 )     3,869       (6,358 )           39,337       38,082  
Amortization of intangibles
                (5,757 )                       (5,757 )
                                                         
Total
  $ 26,797     $ 11,523     $ 37,028     $ 4,806     $ (23,791 )   $ 42,575     $ 98,938  
                                                         
 
The changes in operating costs and expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007 are comprised of the following (in thousands):
 
                                                         
          Information
    Depreciation and
                         
    Compensation     Technology     Amortization     Facilities     TAC     Other     Total  
 
Cost of revenues
  $ 22,948     $ 43,254     $ 108,686     $ 2,324     $ (49,058 )   $ 28,268     $ 156,422  
Sales and marketing
    47,136       (48 )     (1,533 )     14,258             (2,126 )     57,687  
Product development
    111,872       4,815       9,710       19,979             1,853       148,229  
General and administrative
    216       (1,275 )     11,211       (22,345 )           121,743       109,550  
Amortization of intangibles
                (11,072 )                       (11,072 )
Strategic workforce realignment costs, net
                                  16,885       16,885  
                                                         
Total
  $ 182,172     $ 46,746     $ 117,002     $ 14,216     $ (49,058 )   $ 166,623     $ 477,701  
                                                         
 
Total compensation expense increased approximately $27 million and $182 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2007 primarily due to an increase in our headcount across all functions and increases in retention bonus. Product development headcount increased for the maintenance and development of, and minor enhancements to existing offerings and services on Yahoo! Properties as well as the maintenance of Yahoo!’s technology platforms and infrastructure. We also experienced growth in our sales and marketing and general and administrative headcount to support our business. Due to our recently announced cost reduction initiatives, we do not expect our headcount to continue to grow at its historic rate.
 
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, sales and marketing compensation expense decreased $15 million and increased $47 million, respectively. Increases in compensation expense resulting from increased headcount were offset by reversals of $12 million and $21 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to the departure of executives and other employees during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 for which there were no similar reversals in the same periods of 2007.


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Additionally, stock-based compensation expense decreased due to large grants vesting during the first half of 2008 for which no corresponding expense was recorded during the third quarter of 2008.
 
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, product development compensation expense increased $33 million and $112 million, respectively, primarily due to increased headcount for the maintenance and development of, and minor enhancements to existing offerings and services on Yahoo! Properties as well as the maintenance of Yahoo!’s technology platforms and infrastructure. For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the increase in compensation expense was net of a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $6 million resulting from larger reversals of stock-based compensation expense related to the departure of executives and other employees as compared to the same period of 2007.
 
Information technology expenses increased $12 million and $47 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2007 due to increased telecom usage and data center operating costs.
 
Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $37 million and $117 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2007 due to our continued investment in information technology assets and server equipment. These increases were slightly offset by a decrease in amortization expense for acquired intangible assets due to certain intangible assets acquired in prior years being fully amortized as well as an increase in the weighted amortization periods of recently acquired intangible assets, slightly offset by an increase in our asset base as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007. See Note 6 — “Intangible Assets, Net” in the Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
 
Facilities expenses increased $5 million and $14 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2007 due to our expansion into new facilities and increased rent expense on our buildings. Due to our recently announced cost reduction initiatives, we do not expect our facilities expense to continue to grow at its historic rate.
 
TAC decreased $24 million and $49 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2007 primarily due to the sale of Overture Japan to Yahoo! Japan. This decrease in TAC was slightly offset by a small increase in average TAC rates.
 
Other expenses increased $43 million and $167 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2007 mainly due to increases in outsourced service provider expenses of $44 million and $109 million, respectively. These increases were primarily the result of incremental costs incurred in general and administrative expense of $37 million and $73 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, for outside advisors related to Microsoft’s proposals to acquire all or a part of the Company, other strategic alternatives, including the Google agreement, the proxy contest, and related litigation defense costs. Content costs, included in costs of revenues and driven by our rich media offerings, remained flat for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and increased $13 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, as compared to the same periods in 2007. Other expenses also increased due to sales and marketing spend to support our strategic initiatives and the integration of acquisitions. Marketing related expenses decreased by $4 million and $23 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2007 as we incurred costs for our “Be a Better ...” campaign in 2007 for which no similar expense was recorded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
 
During the quarter ended March 31, 2008, other expenses also included expenses related to a strategic workforce realignment we implemented to more appropriately allocate resources to our key strategic initiatives. The strategic realignment involved investing resources in some areas, reducing resources in others, and eliminating some areas of our business that do not support our strategic priorities. We incurred total pre-tax cash charges of approximately $29 million in severance pay expenses and related cash expenses in connection with the workforce realignment, all of which were recorded in the first quarter of 2008. The pre-tax cash charges were offset by a $12 million credit related to non-cash stock-based compensation expense reversals for forfeited unvested awards, resulting in a net estimated total strategic workforce realignment pre-tax expense of approximately $17 million. Of the $17 million strategic workforce realignment pre-tax expense, $13 million was related to the U.S. segment and


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$4 million was related to the International segment. As of September 30, 2008, the remaining accrual related to the strategic workforce realignment is approximately $3 million. See Note 16 — “Strategic Workforce Realignment” in the Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
 
Other Income, Net.  Other income, net is comprised of (in thousands):
 
                                                 
    Three Months Ended September 30,     Dollar
    Nine Months Ended September 30,     Dollar
 
    2007     2008     Change     2007     2008     Change  
 
Interest and investment income
  $ 30,800     $ 23,249     $ (7,551 )   $ 102,638     $ 68,157     $ (34,481 )
Investment (losses)/gains, net
    (16 )     (123 )     (107 )     (3,676 )     (353 )     3,323  
Gain on sale of Overture Japan
    6,083             (6,083 )     6,083             (6,083 )
Other
    6,881       (14,245 )     (21,126 )     4,890       (10,587 )     (15,477 )
                                                 
Total other income, net
  $ 43,748     $ 8,881     $ (34,867 )   $ 109,935     $ 57,217     $ (52,718 )
                                                 
 
Other income, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 decreased $35 million and $53 million, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2007. Interest and investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 decreased due to lower average interest rates as well as lower average invested balances, compared to the same periods in 2007. Average interest rates were approximately 2.9 percent and 3.1 percent in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, compared to 4.2 percent and 4.3 percent, respectively, in the same periods in 2007. Other decreased by $21 million and $17 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2007 due to foreign exchange re-measurement. Other income, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 included a $6 million gain from the sale of Overture Japan; no similar gain was recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
 
Other income, net may fluctuate in future periods due to realized gains and losses on investments, impairments of investments, changes in our average investment balances, and changes in interest and foreign exchange rates.
 
Income Taxes.  The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 were 64.0 percent and 44.5 percent, respectively, compared to 40.6 percent and 42.1 percent for the same periods in 2007. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 differ from the statutory federal income tax rate of 35.0 percent primarily due to state taxes, the effect of non-U.S. operations, non-deductible stock-based compensation expense, and the resolution of examinations by taxing authorities. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 were higher than the rates for the same periods in 2007 primarily due to the expiration of the federal research tax credit in 2008 and an increase in 2008 of non-deductible stock-based compensation expense, offset by the effect of non-U.S. operations. In addition, during the three months ended September 30, 2008, a change in forecasted profitability between U.S. and international jurisdictions resulted in a higher estimated annual tax rate as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2008.
 
Our total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2008 is $703 million, of which $255 million is recorded in the financial statements in the deferred and other long-term tax liabilities, net line item of the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The total unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2008 increased by $17 million from the balance as of December 31, 2007.
 
Our federal and California income tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 are currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service and the California Franchise Tax Board.
 
Earnings in Equity Interests.  Earnings in equity interests for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 were $28 million and $537 million, respectively, as compared to $37 million and $98 million for the same periods in 2007. Earnings in equity interests for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 included a $401 million net non-cash gain recorded in the first quarter of 2008 related to Alibaba Group Holding Limited’s (“Alibaba Group”) initial public offering (“IPO”) of Alibaba.com Limited (“Alibaba.com”), net of tax. As of September 30, 2008, the fair value of our investment based on the quoted stock price of Alibaba.com was approximately


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$52 million. In the third quarter of 2008, we recorded an impairment charge of $30 million, net of tax, within earnings in equity interests to reduce the carrying value of the investment to fair value.
 
See Note 4 — “Investments in Equity Interests” and Note 14 — “Income Taxes” in the Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
 
Minority Interests in Operations of Consolidated Subsidiaries.  Minority interests in operations of consolidated subsidiaries represents the minority holders’ percentage share of income or losses from the subsidiaries in which we hold a majority, but less than 100 percent, ownership interest and consolidate the subsidiaries’ results in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Minority interests in operations of consolidated subsidiaries were ($2) and ($3) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, as compared to less than $1 million and $1 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2007. Minority interests recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were related to our Yahoo! 7 joint venture arrangement.
 
Business Segment Results
 
We manage our business geographically. Our primary areas of measurement and decision-making are the U.S. and International. Management relies on an internal management reporting process that provides revenues and segment operating income before depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation expense for making financial decisions and allocating resources.
 
                                                                                 
    Three Months Ended September 30,     Percent
    Nine Months Ended September 30,     Percent
 
    2007     (*)     2008     (*)     Change     2007     (*)     2008     (*)     Change  
 
Revenues by segment:
                                                                               
United States
  $ 1,194,911       68 %   $ 1,279,924       72 %     7 %   $ 3,414,182       66 %   $ 3,851,857       71 %     13 %
International
    572,595       32 %     506,502       28 %     (12 )%     1,723,094       34 %     1,550,256       29 %     (10 )%
                                                                                 
Total revenues
  $ 1,767,506       100 %   $ 1,786,426       100 %     1 %   $ 5,137,276       100 %   $ 5,402,113       100 %     5 %
                                                                                 
 
(*) Percent of total revenues.
 
                                                 
    Three Months Ended
          Nine Months Ended
       
    September 30,     Percent
    September 30,     Percent
 
    2007     2008     C