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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in
Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES o NO þ
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section
13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES o NO þ
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed
by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES þ NO o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation
S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant’s knowledge,
in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference on Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated
filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of ‘large accelerated filer and accelerated
filer’ in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large Accelerated Filer o Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated Filer þ
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of
the Exchange Act) YES o NO þ
The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was
approximately $42,410,000 based on the reported last sale price of common stock on April 30, 2006,
which was the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
Portions of the Registrant’s proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A in connection
with its 2007 annual meeting of stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this
Form 10-K.
The Business section and other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) contain
forward-looking statements relating to our business and strategy. These forward-looking statements
involve risks and uncertainties. Many forward-looking statements are located in “Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of
this Form 10-K. Forward-looking statements can also be identified by words such as “intends,”“anticipates,”“expects,”“believes,”“plans,”“predicts,” and similar terms. Forward-looking
statements are not guarantees of future performance and our actual results may differ significantly
from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such
differences include, but are not limited to, those set forth below in the section entitled “Risk
Factors” under Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K. We assume no obligation to revise or update any
forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.
As used in the Form 10-K, “SCO” and “OpenServer” are trademarks or registered trademarks of
our Company in the United States and other countries. “UNIX” and “UnixWare” are registered
trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. All other brand or product
names are or may be trademarks of, and are used to identify the products and services of, their
respective owners. As used herein, the “Company” or “us,”“we,”“ours,” or similar terms refer to
The SCO Group, Inc. and our operating subsidiaries.
Overview
We
own the base UNIX operating system technology and are a provider of UNIX-based products and services. Our
core business is to sell and service our UNIX software products to small-to-medium sized businesses
and franchisees or branch offices of Fortune 1000 businesses. The products that drive the majority
of our UNIX revenue are OpenServer and UnixWare. We intend to continue to develop, market and
service our UNIX products and services during the year ending October 31, 2007 while at the same
time further developing and marketing our mobility products and services for personal and professional
productivity.
We developed our SCOsource business as part of our ongoing efforts to establish and protect
our intellectual property rights, particularly relating to our ownership of the original UNIX
source code. This business’ primary objective is to protect and defend our UNIX intellectual
property rights. In reviewing our intellectual property rights during the year ended October 31,2003, we became aware that parts of, or modifications made or
relating to, our UNIX source code and
derivative works have been included in the Linux operating system without our authorization or
appropriate copyright attribution.
UNIX Business
Background
Our core business focus is to serve the needs of small-to-medium sized businesses and branch
offices and franchisees of Fortune 1000 companies, by providing reliable, cost-effective UNIX
software technology for distributed, embedded and network-based systems. We also provide a full
range of pre- and post-sales technical support for all of our products, primarily focusing on
OpenServer and UnixWare. Additionally, we provide UNIX-based technical support services and
consulting services.
Our largest source of revenue for our core UNIX business is derived from our worldwide,
indirect, leveraged channel of partners, which includes distributors and independent solution
providers (collectively, “resellers”). We have employees or contractors in a number of countries
that provide support and services to customers and resellers. The other principal channel for
selling and marketing our products is through large corporations, which have a large number of
branch offices or franchisees. We access these corporations through their information technology
or purchasing departments. In addition, we also sell our UNIX products to original equipment
manufacturers (“OEMs”).
The original UNIX operating system, which we own, was conceived on the premise that an
operating system should be easily adapted to a broad range of hardware platforms and should provide
a simple way of developing programs. Over the years, the UNIX operating system has been adapted
for almost every OEM’s hardware architecture, and today UNIX has achieved the goal of seamlessly
sharing data across heterogeneous environments. We own a broad and deep set of intellectual
property rights relating to the UNIX operating system, which we intend to continue to enforce and
protect through our SCOsource business.
UNIX has had a long history of business implementation, and has a large and loyal base of both
customers and vendors that provide solutions and applications. On the Intel platform, our
OpenServer and UnixWare products represent a low-cost UNIX operating system available for
businesses. Our UNIX product offerings allow our customers to take advantage of the reliability of
UNIX at a relatively low cost. Today, we continue to focus and generate revenue from
small-to-medium business resellers as well as from large corporations, including numerous Fortune
1000 companies. We also have continuing relationships with hardware vendors and have received
certifications on many of the industry’s top hardware platforms.
Current Status and Strategy
Sales of our UNIX-based products and services have been declining over the last several years.
This decline in revenue has been primarily attributable to significant competition from
alternative operating systems, particularly Linux.
We anticipate that our OpenServer and UnixWare products will continue to provide a future
revenue stream for our UNIX business. However, unless there is a change in the current operating
system environment, we expect revenue from these products will continue to decline. Both of these
UNIX products have a strong and loyal existing customer base of small-to-medium businesses and
enterprise customers and constitute a well-known brand with a reputation for quality and
reliability.
We also have a seasoned, mature sales channel of resellers focused on the small-to-medium
sized business market. This channel is a unique asset that should allow us to continue to provide
reliable UNIX operating systems for small-to-medium sized business customers.
For the upcoming fiscal year ending October 31, 2007, we plan to continue to focus our UNIX
development resources on our current UNIX products. In addition, we will focus other engineering
resources on our mobility products and services for personal and professional productivity. We
expect that these mobility products and services will enable easy, secure, real-time mobile access
to all kinds of information stored in enterprise and web-based systems without the need for direct
connection between end-point devices and those systems.
Our research and development efforts are described in more detail below in the subsection
entitled “Software Engineering and Development.”
Competition
We face direct competition in the operating system market from Linux operating system
providers, other non-UNIX operating system providers and other UNIX-based operating system
providers. In the operating system market, some of our competitors include International Business
Machines Corporation (“IBM”), Red Hat Inc. (“Red Hat”), Novell Inc. (“Novell”), Microsoft
Corporation (“Microsoft”), and Sun Microsystems (“Sun”). Operating systems, including Linux, are
aggressively taking market share away from UNIX and our UNIX revenue has declined over the last
several years.
We believe that we compete favorably with many of our operating system competitors in a number
of respects, including product performance, functionality and networking capability.
Notwithstanding these factors, our revenue has declined over the last several years. Many of
our competitors are significantly larger than we are and have much greater access to funding,
technical expertise, marketing, and research and development. In addition, many of our competitors
have established brand recognition and market presence that may prevent us from obtaining or
retaining market share. Additionally, the assertion of our legal rights relating to our UNIX
ownership and related copyrights and our other legal actions have resulted in us becoming the focus
of a significant amount of negative publicity from various sources that has to some degree,
hampered our ability to compete favorably.
The success of our UNIX business will, in large measure, depend on the level of commitment and
certification we receive from industry partners and developers. In recent years, we have seen
hardware and software vendors as well as software developers turn their certification and
application development efforts toward Linux and elect not to continue to support or certify to our
UNIX operating system products. This trend continued for the year ended October 31, 2006, and we
believe that it will continue during the year ending October 31, 2007. If this trend does continue
as expected, our competitive position will be adversely impacted and our future revenue from our
UNIX business will decline, possibly at an even faster rate than it has declined over the last
several years. The decline in our UNIX business may be accelerated if industry partners withdraw
their support from us as a result of the litigation between the Company and IBM, Novell and Red Hat
(the “SCO Litigation”).
The market for mobility products and services is relatively young, and we believe it is poised
for rapid growth. Competition is strong and takes numerous forms, including database vendors who
are providing mobile extensions of their current offerings as well as start-up companies and other
large corporations who are focusing on custom solutions based on proprietary middleware. We
believe that the landscape and competition will change rapidly and that no single company has
established firm leadership. The success of our mobility products and services offerings will
depend in part, on the level of commitment and resources we are able to devote to these offerings,
the partnerships we are able to establish, our ability to attract and retain new customers and
partners, and the strength of our mobility offerings.
Products and Services
OpenServer. OpenServer is our UNIX-based offering targeted at small-to-medium
businesses. Businesses use OpenServer to simplify and speed business operations, better understand
and respond to their customers’ needs and achieve a competitive advantage. OpenServer excels at
running multi-user, transaction and business applications, communications gateways, and mail and
messaging servers in both host and client/server environments. We
continue to fully support
existing users of OpenServer, keeping the operating system current as well as obtaining certain
hardware certifications. The latest release, OpenServer 6, began shipping in June 2005.
UnixWare. UnixWare is our UNIX-based offering targeted at medium-size businesses and
enterprise customers. UnixWare is an advanced deployment platform for industry standard Intel
processor systems. UnixWare is a foundation for solutions where proven scalability, reliability
and affordability are critical. UnixWare includes enhancements and refinements to the UNIX
platform, representing added value for existing UnixWare customers. The latest release of
UnixWare, UnixWare 7.1.4, began shipping in May 2004.
Other Products. In addition to OpenServer and UnixWare, we offer product maintenance and
additional UNIX-related products, such as SCOoffice Server, a UNIX-based e-mail and collaboration
system and other UNIX system add-ons.
Technical Support Services. We provide a full range of pre- and post-sale technical support
for all of our products, primarily focusing on OpenServer and UnixWare.
We also provide technical support to our partners, including resellers, hardware and software
vendors and solution providers, as well as directly supporting our end-user customers. Our
partners have the option to direct their customers to us for technical support or to provide
first-level customer support themselves and utilize our technical expertise for second-tier
support.
Technical support services include a range of options from single incident e-mail and
telephone support to dedicated “enterprise” level support agreements. Customers seeking additional
technical support directly from us may enter into service agreements that best suit their needs.
Other Services. Our other services include software development and programming, migration
tools and services and assisting customers with modernizing and integrating legacy applications
with web services. We assist our end-user customers and solution providers in planning, creating,
implementing and deploying business application solutions.
Mobility
Products and Services. Our new Mobility Server product provides a
secure, reliable connection point between handheld devices and corporate infrastructure
applications and servers; a HipCheck Service which enables pro-active mobile administration for
UNIX and Windows servers; a Shout product which enables users to communicate multimedia messaging
to groups of any size via a mobile smart phone or rich media web landing page; and a Shout Postcard
product which allows users to send virtual postcards from their smart phone.
Strategic Alliances
We have business alliances with a number of key global industry partners. These relationships
encompass product integration, two-way technology transfers, product certification, channel
partnerships and revenue generating initiatives in areas of product bundling, OEM agreements and
training and education. The objectives of these partnerships include providing complete hardware
and software UNIX solutions and mutually developing our sales and distribution channel by
coordinating marketing initiatives in creating awareness for our products. We also have alliances
with a number of solution providers who write and develop custom applications to run on UNIX
operating systems. Most of our small business customers that cannot afford high-end solutions or
an information technology staff rely on one of our channel partners for these services.
Maintaining these strategic alliances for the year ending October 31, 2007 will be critical to the
success of our UNIX business. We intend to continue to keep relationships with key partners in
certain vertical markets such as retail, medical/pharmaceutical, manufacturing and accounting where
our UNIX operating systems have an existing presence. Our efforts to maintain or expand industry
partnerships may be adversely impacted by issues related to the SCO Litigation.
Sales and Marketing
Our
UNIX sales and marketing and field operations are organized by geographic area: our
Americas division and our International division. Each division includes a sales organization,
field marketing, pre- and post-sales technical support, and local professional services personnel.
Americas. The Americas team has field sales and support personnel located around the United
States, Latin America and Canada. This region delivered approximately 54% of the total revenue for
the year ended October 31, 2006. The sales team is organized into Area Sales Managers (“ASMs”),
who each manage a specific geographic area and support our resellers and channel partners as well
as service our corporate account customer base, including OEM partners. ASMs have the following
specific roles:
•
Channel Sales – ASMs manage our relationships with our resellers and vertical
solution providers. Resellers sell numerous solutions to small business customers in their
geographic territory. Vertical solution providers provide bundled applications to specific
vertical markets, which include retail point-of-sale, manufacturing, accounting and
medical/pharmaceutical. Many of our resellers and vertical solution providers purchase
operating system platform
products directly from us. In order to efficiently support the thousands of smaller
resellers and vertical solution providers, we contract with major distributors in a two-tier
distribution model.
•
Corporate Sales – ASMs also sell directly to our major corporate accounts with
branch offices or franchisees and other large corporations. Typically, these customers
have an existing suite of third-party or internally developed applications designed to run
on our dependable and scalable OpenServer or UnixWare operating systems. In many cases,
our operating system and the applications are then deployed in an identical fashion across
branch offices or franchisees.
International. The International region delivered approximately 46% of the total revenue for
the year ended October 31, 2006 and includes EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Africa) and Asia
Pacific. We have resources, employees or contractors in the United Kingdom, Germany, France,
Israel, Italy, China, Korea, Netherlands, Eastern Europe, India, Japan, Australia, and Taiwan. The
country sales teams perform the same functions as the Americas sales team, including channel sales,
corporate account sales and OEM sales. In the International division, particularly in smaller
countries, one sales representative will manage both channel and major account sales within that
country. The International division also uses local distributors in each location to process all
channel orders.
We consider our indirect sales channel one of our most valuable assets. In addition to the
current revenue this channel produces, our reseller partners are valuable for the influence they
wield on the purchasing decisions of small and medium businesses. Our resellers are often not only the
primary point of contact for their business customers’
purchasing decisions, but are their
customers’ outsourced information technology department. The reach of our network of resellers
into the small and medium business community is broad as evidenced by our large install base of servers
running various versions of our OpenServer and UnixWare operating systems. A key to our future
success will be our ability to provide additional products and services to our reseller channel and
to communicate our product and corporate strategy to these resellers.
Our marketing efforts support our sales and distribution efforts, promotions and product
introductions, and include marketing activities to promote our UNIX and mobile products. Marketing
is focused on branding, solutions, advertising, tradeshows, press releases, white papers and
marketing literature. In particular, our marketing strategy consists of:
•
branding our UNIX and mobile products through public relations and advertising
activities;
•
maintaining an effective partner program to generate brand awareness and promote our
UNIX and mobile products; as well as
•
increasing public awareness of our UNIX and mobile products by participating in
strategic tradeshows, conferences and technology forums.
Information regarding financial data by segments, geographic regions and long-lived assets is
set forth in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements.
Software Engineering and Development
We have taken steps to improve our UNIX software products to maintain system reliability,
maintain backward compatibility, increase application support, provide broad hardware support,
better integrate widely used internet applications, improve usability, and increase system
performance. While we believe that these product enhancements will extend the lives and improve
the functionality of our UNIX products, they will not result in significant revenue increases in
the short-term due to the long adoption cycle for new operating system purchases and the length of
our operating system product sales cycle as well as the competition
in our markets.
We also deploy engineering resources for our mobility products and services for personal and
professional productivity, as well as custom services for business, government and consumer users.
We expect these mobility products and services will enable easy, secure, real-time mobile access to
all kinds
of information stored in enterprise and web-based systems without the need for direct
connection between end-point devices and those systems.
Our product development process is modeled to standard, commercial software engineering
practices and we apply these practices to ensure consistent product quality. As a result, we are
able to offer our platform products to OEM customers in several configurations without significant
additional effort. We incurred $8,045,000, $8,337,000 and $10,661,000 in research and development
expense during the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
SCOsource Business
Background
We acquired our rights relating to the UNIX (including UnixWare) source code and derivative
works and other intellectual property rights when we purchased substantially all of the assets and
operations of the server and professional services groups of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. in May
2001. The Santa Cruz Operation had previously acquired such UNIX source code and other
intellectual property rights from Novell in 1995, which technology was initially developed by AT&T
Bell Labs. Through this process, we acquired all UNIX source code, source code license agreements
with thousands of UNIX vendors, certain UNIX intellectual property, all claims for violation of the
above mentioned UNIX licenses and copyrights and other claims, and the control over UNIX derivative
works. The UNIX licenses we obtained have led to the development of several UNIX-based
operating systems, including but not limited to our own UnixWare and OpenServer products, IBM’s
AIX, Sequent’s DYNIX/Ptx, Sun’s Solaris, SGI’s IRIX and Hewlett-Packard’s HP-UX. These operating
systems are all derivatives of the original UNIX source code owned by us.
The success of our SCOsource business depends on our ability to protect and enforce our rights
to proprietary UNIX source code, copyrights and other intellectual property rights. To protect our
proprietary rights, we rely primarily on a combination of copyright
laws, contractual rights and related claims.
Intellectual Property Protection
Our intellectual property protection relies primarily on a combination of contract rights,
copyright laws and an aggressive legal strategy. We also require that our employees and
consultants sign confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements. We also regulate access to, and
distribution of, our documentation and other proprietary information.
We cannot guarantee the success of our SCO Litigation and other efforts to protect and enforce
our intellectual property rights, but we will continue to seek to enforce and pursue these rights
through the judicial system. Additionally, we cannot be certain that we will succeed in preventing
the future misappropriation of our proprietary information including copyrights and other
intellectual property rights or that we will be able to prevent the unauthorized future use of our
technology.
Employees
As of October 31, 2006, we had a total of 142 full-time equivalent employees. Of the total
employees, 40 were in product development, 48 in sales and marketing, 17 in services, 7 in customer
delivery and manufacturing, 3 in SCOsource and 27 in administration (which includes finance, human
resources, executive management and information systems). From time to time, we also engage
independent contractors to support our professional services, product development, sales and
marketing organizations. Our employees are not represented by any labor union and are not subject
to a collective bargaining agreement, and we have never experienced a work stoppage. In general,
we believe our relations with our employees are good.
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. In addition to the other
information contained in this Form 10-K, you should consider the following risk factors before
investing in our securities.
We do not have a history of profitable operations and our cash resources are limited.
Our year ended October 31, 2003 was the first full year we were profitable in our operating
history. Our profitability for the year ended October 31, 2003 resulted primarily from our
SCOsource business. For the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, we incurred net losses
applicable to common stockholders of $16,598,000, $10,726,000 and $16,227,000, respectively. As of
October 31, 2006, our accumulated deficit was $251,540,000.
If our revenue from the sale of our UNIX products and services continues to decline, or if we
continue to devote significant cash resources to the SCO Litigation, we will need to further reduce
operating expenses to generate positive cash flow. During October 2006, we implemented a reduction
in force and decreased our ongoing operating expenses in an effort to decrease our total costs. We
may not be able to further reduce operating expenses without damaging our ability to support our
existing UNIX business. Additionally, we may not be able to achieve profitability through
additional cost-cutting actions.
As of October 31, 2006, we had a total of $7,618,000 in cash and cash equivalents and
available-for-sale marketable securities and an additional $5,046,000 of restricted cash to be used
to pursue the SCO Litigation. Since October 31, 2004, we have spent a total of $9,954,000 for
expert, consulting and other costs and fees as agreed to in the Engagement Agreement with our legal
counsel in the SCO Litigation. Our limited cash resources may not be sufficient to fund continuing
losses from operations and the expenses of the SCO Litigation.
We may
not prevail in our lawsuits with IBM, Novell and others, which may adversely affect our ability to
continue in business.
We continue to pursue the SCO Litigation and believe in the merits of our cases. With respect
to our litigation with IBM, both parties are preparing for summary judgment arguments scheduled for
March 2007. IBM has filed 6 motions for summary judgment that, if granted in whole or in
substantial part, could resolve our claims in IBM’s favor or
substantially reduce our claims. We have filed 3 motions for summary
judgment.
On November 29, 2006, the District Court issued a ruling upholding the June 28, 2006
Magistrate Judge’s ruling that removed over 180 (out of 293) of our technology disclosures from the
case. Additionally, on December 21, 2006, the Magistrate Judge signed an order which held that
certain items of technology included in our expert reports go beyond the disclosures contained in
our December 22, 2005 filing. We have filed objections to that order with the District Court. The
result of these recent rulings is that we still have over 100 challenged items from the December22, 2005 disclosure in the case with IBM.
With respect to our litigation with Novell, Novell claims it did not sell The Santa Cruz
Operation, Inc. the UNIX copyrights and it claims it has the right to waive our claims against UNIX
source licensees, such as IBM, Novell has filed a motion for preliminary injunction and a motion for partial
summary judgment; we have also filed a cross-motion for partial summary judgment. The Court heard
arguments on these motions on January 23, 2007, and as of the date of filing of this Form 10-K, no
ruling had been made. If Novell prevails on its motion, some or all of our cash and cash
equivalents could be encumbered.
We can not guarantee whether our claims against IBM or Novell will be heard by a jury. The
lawsuits with IBM and Novell will continue to be costly. In the event we are not successful with
the IBM
or Novell motions, or the continuing litigation requires more cash than expected, our business
and operations would be materially harmed.
If we do not prevail in our action against IBM, or if IBM is successful in its counterclaims
against us, our business and results of operations would be materially harmed. Additionally, the
market price of our common stock may be negatively affected as a result of developments in our
legal action against IBM that may be, or maybe perceived to be, adverse to us.
We must continue to pay for expert, consulting and other expenses through the conclusion of
our litigation with IBM and Novell. As we continue with discovery and other trial preparations, we may be
required to place additional amounts into the escrow account, which could further reduce our
liquidity position.
Our claims relating to our UNIX intellectual property may subject us to additional legal
proceedings.
In August 2003, Red Hat brought a lawsuit against us asserting that the Linux operating system
does not infringe our UNIX intellectual property rights and seeking a declaratory judgment for
non-infringement of copyrights and no misappropriation of trade secrets. In addition, Red Hat
claims we have engaged in false advertising in violation of the Lanham Act, deceptive trade
practices, unfair competition, tortious interference with prospective business opportunities, and
trade libel and disparagement. Although this case is currently stayed pending the resolution of
our suit against IBM, we intend to vigorously defend this action. However, if Red Hat is
successful in its claim against us, our business and results of operations could be materially
harmed.
Our Engagement Agreement with the Law Firms representing us in the SCO Litigation requires us to
pay for expert, consulting and other costs, which could harm our liquidity position if these costs
are higher than anticipated.
On October 31, 2004, the Company entered into an engagement agreement (the “Engagement
Agreement”) with Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP, Kevin McBride and Berger Singerman (the “Law
Firms”). This Engagement Agreement supercedes and replaces the original engagement agreement that
was entered into in February 2003. The Engagement Agreement governs the relationship between the
Company and the Law Firms in connection with their representation of the Company in the SCO
Litigation.
On June 5, 2006, we entered into an amendment to the Engagement Agreement and agreed with the
Law Firms to deposit an additional $5,000,000 into the escrow account to cover additional expert,
consulting and other expenses. During October 2006, we deposited an additional $5,000,000 into the
escrow account. In the event that we exhaust these funds, we must continue to pay for expert,
consulting and other expenses through the conclusion of our litigation with IBM. As we continue
with discovery and other trial preparations, we may be required to place additional amounts into
the escrow account, which could further reduce our liquidity position. As of October 31, 2006, we
had a total of $7,618,000 in cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale marketable securities
and an additional $5,046,000 of restricted cash to be used to pursue the SCO Litigation. Since
October 31, 2004, we have spent a total of $9,954,000 for expert, consulting and other costs and
fees as agreed to in the Engagement Agreement with our legal counsel in the SCO Litigation.
Developments in the SCO Litigation and fluctuations in our operating results or the failure of our
operating results to meet the expectations of public market analysts and investors may negatively
impact our stock price.
Developments in the SCO Litigation and fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to
meet the expectations of analysts or investors, even in the short-term, could cause our stock price
to decline significantly. Because of the potential for fluctuations in our expenses related to the
SCO Litigation in any particular period, you should not rely on comparisons of our results of
operations as an indication of future performance.
results of, developments in, or costs of the SCO Litigation as well as adverse
publicity regarding our business and the SCO Litigation;
•
changes in business attitudes toward UNIX as a viable operating system compared
to other competing systems, especially Linux;
•
the outcome of pending motions for summary judgment and a
preliminary injunction motion;
•
changes in general economic conditions, such as recessions, that could affect
capital expenditures in the software industry;
•
the interest level of resellers in recommending our UNIX business solutions to
end users and the introduction, development, timing, competitive pricing and market
acceptance of our products and services and those of our competitors;
•
the contingency and other costs we may pay to the Law Firms representing us in
our efforts to establish and defend our intellectual property rights;
•
changes in attitudes of customers and partners due to the decline in our UNIX
business and our position against the inclusion of our UNIX code and derivative works
in Linux; and
•
the activities of short sellers.
We also experience fluctuations in operating results in interim periods in Europe and the Asia
Pacific regions due to seasonal slowdowns and economic conditions in these areas. Seasonal
slowdowns in these regions typically occur during the summer months.
As a result of the factors listed above and elsewhere, it is possible that our results of
operations may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors in any particular
period. This could cause our stock price to decline. If revenue falls below our expectations, and
we are unable to quickly reduce our spending in response, our operating results will be lower than
expected. Our stock price may fall in response to these events.
We operate in a highly competitive market and face significant competition from a variety of
current and potential sources; many of our current and potential competitors have greater financial
and technical resources than we do; thus, we may fail to compete effectively.
In the operating system market, our competitors include IBM, Red Hat, Novell, Sun, Microsoft,
and other UNIX and Linux distributors. These and other competitors are aggressively pursuing the
current UNIX operating system market. Many of these competitors have access to substantially
greater resources than we do. The major competitive alternative to our UNIX products is Linux.
The expansion of our competitors’ offerings may restrict the overall market available for our UNIX
products, including some markets where we have been successful in the past.
Our future success may depend in part on our ability to continue to meet the increasing needs
of our customers by supporting existing and emerging technologies. If we do not have the resources
to enhance our products to meet these evolving needs, we may not remain competitive and be able to
sustain our business. Additionally, because technological advancement in the UNIX operating
system market and alternative operating system markets is progressing at an advanced pace, we will
have to develop and introduce enhancements to our existing products and any new products on a
timely basis to keep pace with these developments, evolving industry
standards, changing
customer requirements, and keeping current on certifications. Our failure to meet any of these and other competitive pressures may render
our existing products and services obsolete, which would have an adverse impact on our revenue and
operations.
The success of our UNIX business will depend on the level of commitment and certification we
receive from industry partners and developers. In recent years, we have seen hardware and software
vendors as well as software developers turn their certification and application development efforts
toward Linux and elect not to continue to support or certify to our UNIX operating system products.
If
this trend continues, our competitive position will be adversely impacted and our future
revenue from our UNIX business will decline. The decline in our UNIX business may be accelerated
if industry partners withdraw their support from us for any reason, including our SCO Litigation.
If the market for UNIX continues to contract, our business will be harmed.
Our revenue from the sale of UNIX products has declined over the last several years. This
decrease in revenue has been attributable primarily to increased competition from other operating
systems, particularly Linux. Our sales of UNIX products and services are primarily to existing
customers. If the demand for UNIX products continues to decline, and we are unable to develop UNIX
products and services that successfully address a market demand, our UNIX revenue will continue to
decline, industry participants may not certify to our operating system and products, we may not be
able to attract new customers or retain existing customers and our business and results of
operations will be adversely affected. Because of the long adoption cycle for operating system
purchases and the long sales cycle of our operating system products, we may not be able to reverse
these revenue declines quickly.
We may lose the support of industry partners leading to an accelerated decline in our UNIX products
and services revenue.
The decline in our UNIX business may cause industry partners, developers, customers and
hardware and software vendors to choose not to support or certify to our UNIX operating system
products. This would lead to an increased decline in our UNIX products and services revenue and
would adversely impact our results of operations and liquidity.
We rely on our indirect sales channel for distribution of our products, and any disruption of our
channel at any level could adversely affect the sales of our products.
We have a two-tiered distribution channel. The relationships we have developed with resellers
allow us to offer our products and services to a much larger customer base than we would otherwise
be able to reach through our own direct sales and marketing efforts. Some solution providers also
purchase solutions through our resellers, and we anticipate they will continue to do so. Because
we usually sell indirectly through resellers, we cannot control the relationships through which
resellers, solution providers or equipment integrators purchase our products. In turn, we do not
control the presentation of our products to end users. Therefore, our sales could be affected by
disruptions in the relationships between us and our resellers, between our resellers and solution
providers, or between solution providers and end users. Also, resellers and solution providers may
choose not to emphasize our products to their customers. Any of these occurrences could diminish
the effectiveness of our distribution channel and lead to decreased sales.
Our foreign-based operations and sales create special problems, including the imposition of
governmental controls and taxes and fluctuations in currency exchange rates that could hurt our
results.
We have employees or contractors in certain locations in Europe, the Middle East, Latin
America, and Asia. These foreign operations are subject to certain inherent risks, including:
•
potential loss of developed technology through piracy, misappropriation, or
more lenient laws regarding intellectual property protection;
•
imposition of governmental controls, including trade restrictions and other tax
requirements;
•
fluctuations in currency exchange rates and economic instability;
•
longer payment cycles for sales in foreign countries; and
In addition, certain of our operating expenses are denominated in local currencies, creating
risk of foreign currency translation losses that could reduce our financial results and cash flows.
When we generate profits in foreign countries, our effective income tax rate is increased.
During the three months ended April 30, 2004, our Indian office was assessed withholding taxes
by the Government of India Income Tax Department. The Tax Department assessed a 15% withholding
tax on certain revenue transactions in India that the Tax Department deemed royalty revenue under
the Income Tax Act. We have filed an appeal with the Tax Department and believe that revenue from
our packaged software does not qualify for royalty treatment and therefore would not be subject to
withholding tax. However, we may be unsuccessful in our appeal against the Tax Department and be
obligated to pay the assessed taxable amounts. Because of our international operations, we may be
subject to additional withholding or other taxes from other international jurisdictions.
If we are unable to retain key personnel in an intensely competitive environment, our operations
could be adversely affected.
We need to retain our key management, technical and support personnel. Competition for
qualified professionals in the software industry is intense, and departures of existing personnel
could be disruptive to our business and might result in the departure of other employees. During
October 2006 we were required to reduce our operating expenses and eliminated certain positions
within our worldwide workforce in an effort to reduce operating costs. The loss or departure of
any officers or key employees could harm our ability to implement our business plan and could
adversely affect our operations. Our future success depends to a significant extent on the
continued service and coordination of our management team, particularly Darl C. McBride, our
President and Chief Executive Officer.
We could lose our listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market if our stock price falls below $1.00 for 30
consecutive business days, and the loss of the listing would make our stock significantly less
liquid and would affect its value.
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market and had a closing price of $1.04 at
the close of the market on January 24, 2007. If the price of our common stock falls below $1.00
and for 30 consecutive business days remains below $1.00, we will receive a deficiency notice from
NASDAQ advising us that we have been afforded a 180-calendar day compliance period. If our stock
fails to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 for 10 consecutive business days during a 180-day
compliance period on the Nasdaq Capital Market or a 360-day grace period if compliance with certain
core listing standards are demonstrated, we could receive a delisting notice from the Nasdaq
Capital Market, and, under certain circumstances, even if our stock maintains a minimum bid price
of $1.00 for 10 consecutive business days, we may receive a delisting notice from the Nasdaq
Capital Market. Upon delisting from the Nasdaq Capital Market, our stock would be traded
over-the-counter, more commonly known as OTC. OTC transactions involve risks in addition to those
associated with transactions in securities traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Many OTC stocks
trade less frequently and in smaller volumes than securities traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market.
Accordingly, our stock would be less liquid than it would otherwise be, and the value of our stock
could decrease.
Our stock price is volatile.
The trading price for our common stock has been volatile during the last several years and our
share price has changed dramatically over short periods. We believe that changes in our stock
price are affected by the factors mentioned above under the caption entitled “Fluctuations in our
operating results or the failure of our operating results to meet the expectations of public market
analysts and investors may negatively impact our stock price”as well as from changing public
perceptions concerning the strength of the SCO Litigation and other factors beyond our control.
Public perception can change quickly and without any change or development in our underlying
business or litigation position. An investment in our stock is subject to such volatility and,
consequently, is subject to significant risk.
There are risks associated with the potential exercise of our outstanding options.
As of December 31, 2006, we have issued outstanding options to purchase up to approximately
5,499,000 shares of common stock with an average exercise price of $3.83 per share. The existence
of such rights to acquire common stock at fixed prices may prove a hindrance to our efforts to
raise future equity and debt funding, and the exercise of such rights will dilute the percentage
ownership interest of our stockholders and may dilute the value of their ownership. The possible
future sale of shares issuable on the exercise of outstanding options could adversely affect the
prevailing market price for our common stock. Further, the holders of the outstanding stock
options may exercise them at a time when we would otherwise be able to obtain additional equity
capital on terms more favorable to us.
Common stock available for resale may depress the market price of our common stock.
We have filed a post-effective amendment to a registration statement with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which has been declared effective, covering the potential resale by
two of our stockholders of up to 923,019 shares of common stock, or 4.3% of our outstanding common
stock. The selling stockholders are bound by certain selling limitations, which limit the numbers
of shares of our common stock that may be sold at one time. In addition, we have filed a
registration statement with the SEC, which has been declared effective, covering the potential
resale by some of our stockholders of up to 2,852,449 shares of our common stock, or 13.4% of our
outstanding common stock. The existence of a substantial number of shares of common stock subject
to immediate resale could depress the market price for our common stock and impair our ability to
raise needed capital.
Our stock price could decline further because of the activities of short sellers.
Our stock has attracted significant interest from short sellers. The activities of short
sellers could further reduce the price of our stock or inhibit increases in our stock price.
The
right of our Board of Directors to authorize additional shares of preferred stock could adversely impact the rights of holders of our common stock.
Our Board of Directors currently has the right, with respect to the 5,000,000 shares of our
preferred stock, to authorize the issuance of one or more additional series of our preferred stock
with such voting, dividend and other rights as our directors determine. The Board of Directors can
designate new series of preferred stock without the approval of the holders of our common stock.
The rights of holders of our common stock may be adversely affected by the rights of any holders of
additional shares of preferred stock that may be issued in the future, including without
limitation, further dilution of the equity ownership percentage of our holders of common stock and
their voting power if we issue preferred stock with voting rights. Additionally, the issuance of
preferred stock could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our
outstanding voting stock.
Our
stockholder rights plan could make it more difficult for a hostile bid for our company or a change of control transaction to succeed at current market prices for our stock.
We have adopted a stockholder rights plan. The power given to the Board of Directors by the
stockholder rights plan may make it more difficult for a change of control of our company to occur
or for our company to be acquired if the acquisition is opposed by our Board of Directors.
We are headquartered in Lindon, Utah, where we lease administrative, sales and marketing
facilities. We lease additional facilities for administration, sales and marketing and product
development in Scotts Valley, California and Murray Hill, New Jersey. The leases for our
facilities expire at various dates through our fiscal year ending October 31, 2008.
Our international field operations occupy leased facilities in France, Japan, Germany, India,
and the United Kingdom. The leases for these field operation facilities expire at various dates
through our fiscal year ending October 31, 2008.
As indicated in Item 1, we have two business segments: UNIX and SCOsource. These segments use
substantially all of the properties, at least in part, and we retain the flexibility to use each of
our properties in whole or in part for each of our segments.
We believe that our existing facilities are adequate to meet current business and operating
requirements and that additional office space will be available to meet our needs if required.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
IBM Corporation
On or about March 6, 2003, we filed a civil complaint against IBM. The case is pending in the
United States District Court for the District of Utah, under the title The SCO Group, Inc. v.
International Business Machines Corporation, Civil No. 2:03CV0294. In this action we claim that
IBM breached its UNIX source code licenses (both the IBM and Sequent Computer Systems, Inc.
“Sequent” licenses) by disclosing restricted information concerning the UNIX source code and
derivative works and related information in connection with its efforts to promote the Linux
operating system. Our complaint includes, among other things, claims for breach of contract,
unfair competition, tortious interference and copyright infringement. We are seeking damages in an
amount to be proven at trial and seeking injunctive relief.
On or about March 6, 2003, we notified IBM that IBM was not in compliance with our UNIX source
code license agreement and on or about June 13, 2003, we delivered to IBM a notice of termination
of that agreement, which underlies IBM’s AIX software. On or about August 11, 2003, we sent a
similar notice terminating the Sequent source code license. IBM disputes our right to terminate
those licenses. In the event our termination of those licenses is valid we believe IBM is exposed
to substantial damages and injunctive relief based on its continued use and distribution of the AIX
operating system. On June 9, 2003, Novell sent us a notice purporting to waive our claims against
IBM regarding its license breaches. We do not believe that Novell had the right to take any such
action relative to our UNIX source code rights.
On February 27, 2004, we filed a second amended complaint which alleges 9 causes of action
that are similar to those set forth above, adds a new claim for copyright infringement, and removes
the claim for misappropriation of trade secrets. IBM filed an answer and 14 counterclaims. Among
other things, IBM has asserted that we do not have the right to terminate IBM’s UNIX license and
IBM has claimed that we have breached the GNU General Public License and have infringed certain
patents held by IBM. IBM’s counterclaims include claims for breach of contract, violation of the
Lanham Act, unfair competition, intentional interference with prospective economic relations,
unfair and deceptive trade practices, promissory estoppel, patent infringement and a declaratory
judgment claim for non-infringement of copyrights. On October 6, 2005, IBM voluntarily dismissed
with prejudice its claims for patent infringement.
On December 22, 2005, we filed a voluminous report detailing IBM’s misuse of our proprietary
material. Our December 2005 report includes 293 total disclosures which we claim violate our
contractual rights and copyrights. These reports and the disclosures identified are the result of
analysis from experienced outside technical consultants.
On February 13, 2006, IBM filed a motion with the court seeking to limit our claims as set
forth in the December 2005 report. IBM argued that of the 293 items we had identified, 201 did not
meet the level of specificity required by the court. IBM requested that we be limited to 93 items
set forth in the December 2005 filing which IBM claims meet the required level of specificity. On
June 28, 2006, the Magistrate Judge issued a ruling striking over 180 of our technology disclosures
from the case. This ruling is a limitation of the number of technology disclosures we challenged
in our December 2005 filing, but means that over 100 of the challenged items remain in the case.
On July 13, 2006, we filed objections to the Magistrate Judge’s order with the District Court;
those objections challenge the process and the result embodied in the Magistrate Judge’s order. On
November 29, 2006, the District Court issued a ruling sustaining in full the Magistrate Judge’s
ruling of June 28, 2006.
On June 8, 2006, IBM filed a motion to confine our claims to, and strike allegations in excess
of, the final disclosures. In this motion, IBM claims that our technology expert reports go beyond
the disclosures contained in our December 2005 submission to the Court and that those expert
reports should be restricted to that extent. On December 21, 2006, the Magistrate Judge granted
IBM’s motion. We have filed objections to that order with the District Court.
Both parties have filed expert reports and substantially finished expert discovery. IBM has
filed 6 motions for summary judgment that, if granted in whole or in substantial part, could
resolve our claims in IBM’s favor or substantially reduce our
claims. We have filed 3 motions for summary judgment. The summary
judgment motions are set to be heard by the Court in March 2007 and a trial date has been postponed
until sometime after September 2007.
Novell, Inc.
On January 20, 2004, we filed suit in Utah state court against Novell, Inc. for slander of
title seeking relief for its alleged bad faith effort to interfere with our ownership of copyrights
related to our UNIX source code and derivative works and our UnixWare product. The case is pending
in the United States District Court for the District of Utah under the caption, The SCO Group, Inc.
v. Novell, Inc., Civil No. 2:04CV00139. In the lawsuit, we requested preliminary and permanent
injunctive relief as well as damages. Through these claims, we seek to require Novell to assign to
us all copyrights that we believe Novell has wrongfully registered, to prevent Novell from claiming
any ownership interest in those copyrights, and to require Novell to retract or withdraw all
representations it has made regarding its purported ownership of those copyrights and UNIX itself.
Novell filed two motions to dismiss claiming, among other things, that Novell’s false
statements were not uttered with malice and are privileged under the law. The court denied both of
Novell’s motions to dismiss. On July 29, 2005, Novell filed its answer and counterclaims against
us, asserting counterclaims for our alleged breaches of the Asset Purchase Agreement between Novell
and our predecessor-in-interest, The Santa Cruz Operation, for slander of title, restitution/unjust
enrichment, an accounting related to Novell’s retained binary royalty stream, and for declaratory
relief regarding Novell’s alleged rights under the Asset Purchase Agreement. On or about December30, 2005, we filed a motion for leave to amend our complaint to assert additional claims against
Novell including copyright infringement, unfair competition and a breach of Novell’s limited
license to use our UNIX code. Novell consented to our filing of these additional claims.
On or about April 10, 2006, Novell filed a motion to stay the case in Utah pending a request
for arbitration that Novell and SuSE Linux, GmbH (“SuSE”) filed on the same date in the
International Court of Arbitration in France. Through these proceedings, Novell claims that we
granted SuSE the right to use
our intellectual property through our participation in the UnitedLinux initiative in 2002 and
through its acquisition of SuSE, Novell acquired SuSE’s rights as a member of UnitedLinux. On
August 21, 2006, the District Court ordered that portions of claims relating to the SuSE
arbitration should be stayed but the other portions of claims in the case should proceed. Trial
for the remaining matters has been set for September 2007.
The three-person arbitration panel has been selected for the SuSE arbitration in Switzerland,
and that process has commenced. The arbitration has been set for December 2007. The proceedings
in early 2007 will determine the scope of the arbitration.
In September 2006, Novell filed an Amended Counterclaim asserting 9 claims for relief
including, among other things, claims for slander of title, breach of contract, declaratory relief
and claims for an accounting, and for a constructive trust over certain revenue we collected from
Sun and Microsoft in 2003. Novell has moved for a preliminary injunction and partial summary
judgment. We have opposed these filings and filed a cross-motion for partial summary judgment.
Those motions were argued on January 23, 2007, before the District Court and as of the date of
filing of this Form 10-K, no ruling had been made. If Novell prevails on these motions, some or
all of our cash and cash equivalents could be encumbered.
IPO Class Action Matter
We are an issuer defendant in a series of class action lawsuits involving over 300 issuers
that have been consolidated under In re Initial Public Offering Securities Litigation, 21 MC 92
(SAS). The consolidated complaint alleges, among other things, certain improprieties regarding the
underwriters’ conduct during our initial public offering and the failure to disclose such conduct
in the registration statement in violation of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Class
standing was certified for all of these cases by the district court.
The plaintiffs, the issuers and the insurance companies negotiated and executed an agreement
to settle the dispute between the plaintiffs and the issuers. While the settlement agreement was
awaiting approval by the district court, the court of appeals overturned the class certification on
December 5, 2006. It is unlikely a settlement of a class action can remain effective as the class
is de-certified. If the decision by the court of appeals is not reversed, we do not believe the
settlement will stand, and it is possible the lawsuit may fragment into individual actions. At
this time, we do not know and cannot determine the legal or procedural results of such an action.
If the de-certification is reversed, and if thereafter the settlement agreement is approved by the
court, and if no cross-claims, counterclaims or third-party claims are later asserted, this action
will be dismissed with respect to us and our directors. If the settlement agreement is not
approved by the court, the matter will continue unless another settlement agreement is reached.
We have notified our underwriters and insurance companies of the existence of the claims.
Management presently believes, after consultation with legal counsel, that the ultimate outcome of
this matter will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial
position and will not exceed the $200,000 self-insured retention already paid or accrued by us.
Red Hat, Inc.
On August 4, 2003, Red Hat, Inc. filed a complaint against us. The action is pending in the
United States District Court for the District of Delaware under the case caption, Red Hat, Inc. v.
The SCO Group, Inc., Civil No. 03-772. Red Hat asserts that the Linux operating system does not
infringe on our UNIX intellectual property rights and seeks a declaratory judgment for
non-infringement of copyrights and no misappropriation of trade secrets. In addition, Red Hat
claims we have engaged in false advertising in violation of the Lanham Act, deceptive trade
practices, unfair competition, tortious interference with prospective business opportunities, trade
libel and disparagement. On April 6, 2004,
the court denied our motion to dismiss this case; however, the court stayed the case and
requested status reports every 90 days regarding the case against IBM. Red Hat filed a motion for
reconsideration, which the court denied on March 31, 2005. We intend to vigorously defend this
action. In the event the stay is lifted and Red Hat is allowed to pursue its claims, we will
likely assert counterclaims against Red Hat.
Other Matters
In April 2003, a former Indian distributor filed a claim in India, requesting summary judgment
for payment of approximately $1,428,000, and an order that we trade in India only through the
distributor and/or give a security deposit until the claim is paid. The distributor claims that we
are responsible to repurchase certain software products and to reimburse the distributor for
certain other operating costs. Management does not believe that we are responsible to reimburse
the distributor for any operating costs and also believes that the return rights related to any
remaining inventory have lapsed. The distributor additionally requested that the Indian courts
grant interim relief in the form of attachment of local assets. These requests for interim relief
have failed in the court, and discovery has commenced and hearings on the main claims have been
held and are ongoing. We intend to vigorously defend this action.
Pursuit and defense of the above-mentioned matters will be costly, and management expects the
costs for legal fees and related expenses will be substantial.
We are party to certain other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business.
Management believes, after consultation with legal counsel, that the ultimate outcome of these
legal proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operation, financial
position or liquidity.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
There were no matters submitted to a vote of security holders during the three months ended
October 31, 2006.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of
Equity Securities
Market Price of Our Common Stock
Our common stock initially traded on The Nasdaq National Market beginning in March 2000, but
has been traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market (formerly known as the Nasdaq SmallCap Market) since
February 2003. In September 2002, we changed our trading symbol from “CALD” to “SCOX.” The table
below sets forth the range of high and low closing prices of our common stock as reported on the
Nasdaq Capital Market, as applicable, for the last two years.
On January 24, 2007, the closing sales price for our common stock as reported by The
Nasdaq Capital Market was $1.04. As of January 19, 2007, there were 386 holders of common stock of
record.
Dividend Policy
We have not historically declared or paid any cash dividends on shares of our common stock and
plan to retain our future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
During the three months ended October 31, 2006, we did not purchase any of our equity
securities.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following selected financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with the
consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K and in
conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations” appearing in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K. The selected statement of operations
data for the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 and the selected balance sheet data as of
October 31, 2006 and 2005 are derived from, and are qualified by reference to, the audited
consolidated financial statements and related notes in this Form 10-K.
The selected statement of operations data for the years ended October 31, 2003 and 2002 and
the selected balance sheet data as of October 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 are derived from audited
consolidated financial statements not appearing in this Form 10-K.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and
other parts of this Form 10-K contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties. Forward-looking statements can also be identified by words such as “intends,”“anticipates,”“expects,”“believes,”“plans,”“predicts,” and similar terms. Forward-looking
statements are not guarantees of future performance and our actual results may differ significantly
from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such
differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the subsection entitled
“Forward-Looking Statements and Factors That May Affect Future Results and Financial Condition” and
the subsection entitled “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K. The following
discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes
thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. All information presented herein is based
on our fiscal year ended October 31, 2006. We assume no obligation to revise or update any
forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.
Business Focus
UNIX Business. Our UNIX business serves the needs of small-to-medium sized businesses,
including replicated site franchisees of Fortune 1000 companies, by providing reliable, cost
effective UNIX software technology for distributed, embedded and network-based systems. Our
largest source of UNIX business revenue is derived from existing customers through our worldwide,
indirect, leveraged channel of partners, which includes distributors and independent solution
providers. We have a presence in a number of countries that provide support and services to
customers and resellers. The other principal channel for selling and marketing our UNIX products
is through existing customers that have a large number of replicated sites or franchisees.
We access these corporations through their information technology or purchasing departments
with our Area Sales Managers (“ASMs”) in the United States and through our reseller channel in
countries outside the United States. In addition, we also sell our operating system products to
original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”). Our sales of UNIX products and services during the last
several years have been primarily to existing UNIX customers and not newly acquired customers. Our
UNIX business revenue depends significantly on our ability to market and sell our products to
existing customers and to generate upgrades from existing customers.
The following table and footnote shows the operating results of the UNIX business for the
years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:
2006
2005
2004
Revenue
$
29,123,000
$
35,838,000
$
41,980,000
Cost of revenue
4,896,000
5,466,000
7,355,000
Gross margin
24,227,000
30,372,000
34,625,000
Sales and marketing
12,048,000
11,680,000
15,881,000
Research and development
7,666,000
7,948,000
10,175,000
General and administrative
6,669,000
6,604,000
8,180,000
Other (1)
2,371,000
2,372,000
8,089,000
Total operating expenses
28,754,000
28,604,000
42,325,000
Income (loss) from operations
$
(4,527,000
)
$
1,768,000
$
(7,700,000
)
(1)
For the year ended October 31, 2006, other costs consist of $2,371,000 of
amortization of intangibles. For the year ended October 31, 2005, other costs
consist of $2,372,000 of amortization of intangibles. For the year ended October 31,2004, other costs consist of $3,168,000 of severance and exit costs, $2,566,000 of
amortization of intangibles, and $2,355,000 of losses on disposition and impairment
of long-lived assets.
Revenue from our UNIX business decreased by $6,715,000, or 19%, for the year ended
October 31, 2006 compared to the year ended October 31, 2005, and decreased by $6,142,000, or 15%,
for the year ended October 31, 2005 compared to the year ended October 31, 2004. The revenue from
our UNIX business has been declining over the last several years primarily as a result of continued
competition from alternative operating systems, particularly Linux. We believe that the inclusion
of our UNIX code and derivative works in Linux has been a contributor to the decline in our UNIX
business revenue because users of Linux generally do not pay for the operating system itself, but
for services and maintenance.
Operating costs for our UNIX business decreased from $42,325,000 for the year ended October31, 2004 to $28,604,000 for the year ended October 31, 2005, and were $28,754,000 for the year
ended October 31, 2006. The cost reductions from the year ended October 31, 2005 compared to the
year ended October 31, 2004 were primarily attributable to reduced headcount and consolidation of
certain facilities. The slight reduction in costs for the year ended October 31, 2006 compared to
the year ended October 31, 2005 was primarily attributable to lower personnel and related costs
offset by stock-based compensation.
The decline in our UNIX business revenue may be accelerated if industry partners withdraw
their support as a result of our SCO Litigation. The decline in our UNIX business and the SCO
Litigation may cause industry partners, developers and hardware and software vendors to choose not
to support or certify to our UNIX operating system products. This would lead to an accelerated
decline in revenue from our UNIX business.
SCOsource Business. During the year ended October 31, 2003, we became aware that our UNIX
code and derivative works had been inappropriately included by others in the Linux operating
system. We believe the inclusion of our UNIX code and derivative works in Linux has been a
contributor to the decline in our UNIX business because users of Linux generally do not pay for the
operating system itself, but pay for services and maintenance. The Linux operating system competes
directly with our OpenServer and UnixWare products and has taken significant market share from
these products.
In an effort to protect and defend our UNIX intellectual property, we initiated our SCOsource
business. We have incurred significant legal costs in an effort to defend and protect our UNIX
intellectual property and expect that costs and expenses for this business for the year ending
October 31, 2007 will be material.
The following table shows the results of operations for the SCOsource business for the years
ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:
2006
2005
2004
Revenue
$
116,000
$
166,000
$
829,000
Cost of revenue
12,307,000
12,847,000
19,743,000
Gross margin (deficit)
(12,191,000
)
(12,681,000
)
(18,914,000
)
Sales and marketing
1,000
154,000
1,232,000
Research and development
379,000
389,000
486,000
General and administrative
259,000
443,000
241,000
Total operating expenses
639,000
986,000
1,959,000
Loss from operations
$
(12,830,000
)
$
(13,667,000
)
$
(20,873,000
)
Revenue from our SCOsource business decreased from $829,000 for the year ended October31, 2004 to $166,000 for the year ended October 31, 2005, and decreased to $116,000 for the year
ended October 31, 2006. Revenue for the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 was primarily
attributable to sales of our SCOsource IP agreements.
Cost of revenue from the SCOsource business was $19,743,000 for the year ended October 31,2004, $12,847,000 for the year ended October 31, 2005 and $12,307,000 for the year ended October31, 2006. Cost of revenue was primarily attributable to legal fees and other costs and expenses
incurred in connection with the SCO Litigation. During the year ended October 31, 2006, we made
the final payment to the law firms of Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP, Berger Singerman, and Kevin
McBride (the “Law Firms”) for legal fees, but are continuing to pay for the costs of experts,
consultants and other costs of the SCO Litigation. In addition to the expenses incurred above, we
must also pay one or more contingency fees upon any amount we or our stockholders may receive as a
result of a settlement, judgment, or a sale of our company.
The decrease in operating expenses was primarily attributable to decreased personnel and
related costs.
Because of the uncertainties related to our SCOsource business, the success of the SCOsource
business depends on the strength of our intellectual property rights and claims regarding UNIX,
including our claims against Novell and the strength of our claim that unauthorized UNIX source
code and derivative works are contained in Linux.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S.
generally accepted accounting principles and our discussion and analysis of our financial condition
and results of operations requires us to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the
amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Note 2 of the
notes to consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K describes the
significant accounting policies and methods used in preparation of our consolidated financial
statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, current trends, future projections,
and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results
of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.
Actual results may differ from these estimates. We believe the following to be our critical
accounting estimates because they are important to the portrayal of our financial condition and
results and they are based on matters that are inherently uncertain.
Our critical accounting policies and estimates include the following:
•
Revenue recognition;
•
Deferred income taxes and related valuation allowances;
•
Litigation reserves;
•
Impairment of property and equipment; and
•
Allowances for doubtful accounts.
Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue in accordance with Statement of Position (“SOP”)
97-2, as modified by SOP 98-9. Our revenue has historically been from three sources: (i) product
license revenue, primarily from product sales to resellers, end users and OEMs; (ii) technical
support service revenue, primarily from providing technical support and consulting services to end
users; and (iii) revenue from SCOsource licensing.
We recognize product revenue upon shipment if a signed contract exists, the fee is fixed or
determinable, collection of the resulting receivable is probable and product returns are reasonably
estimable.
The majority of our revenue transactions relate to product-only sales. On occasion, we have
revenue transactions that have multiple elements (such as software products, maintenance, technical
support services, and other services). For software agreements that have multiple elements, we
allocate revenue to each component of the contract based on the relative fair value of the
elements. The fair value
of each element is based on vendor specific objective evidence (”VSOE”). VSOE is established
when such elements are sold separately. We recognize revenue when the criteria for product revenue
recognition set forth above have been met. If VSOE of all undelivered elements exists, but VSOE
does not exist for one or more delivered elements, then revenue is recognized using the residual
method. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the
remaining portion of the license fee is recognized as revenue in the period when persuasive
evidence of an arrangement is obtained assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met.
We recognize product revenue from OEMs when the software is sold by the OEM to an end-user
customer. Revenue from technical support services and consulting services is recognized as the
related services are performed. Revenue for maintenance is recognized ratably over the maintenance
period.
We consider an arrangement with payment terms longer than our normal business practice not to
be fixed or determinable and revenue is recognized when the fee becomes due. We typically provide
stock rotation rights for sales made through our distribution channel and sales to distributors are
recognized upon shipment by the distributor to end users. For direct sales not through our
distribution channel, sales are typically non-refundable and non-cancelable. We estimate our
product returns based on historical experience and maintain an allowance for estimated returns,
which is recorded as a reduction to accounts receivable and revenue.
Our SCOsource revenue to date has been primarily generated from agreements to utilize our UNIX
source code as well as from intellectual property compliance agreements. We recognize revenue from
SCOsource agreements when a signed contract exists, the fee is fixed or determinable, collection of
the receivable is probable and delivery has occurred. If the payment terms extend beyond our
normal payment terms, revenue is recognized as the payments become due.
Deferred Income Tax Assets and Related Valuation Allowance. The amount, and ultimate
realization, of our deferred income tax assets depends, in part, upon the tax laws in effect, our
future earnings, if any, and other future events, the effects of which cannot be determined. We
have provided a valuation allowance of $76,385,000 against our entire net deferred income tax
assets as of October 31, 2006. The valuation allowance was recorded because of our history of net
operating losses and the uncertainties regarding our future operating profitability and taxable
income.
Litigation Reserves. We are party to a number of legal matters described in more detail
elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K. Pursuit and defense of these matters will be costly,
and management expects the costs for legal fees and related expenses will be substantial. A
material, negative impact on our results of operations or financial position from the Red Hat,
Inc., IPO Class Action, or Indian Distributor matters, or the IBM and Novell counterclaims is
neither probable nor estimable. Because these matters are not probable or estimable, we have not
recorded any reserves or contingencies related to these legal matters. In the event that our
assumptions used to evaluate these matters as neither probable nor estimable changes in future
periods, we may be required to record a liability for an adverse outcome, which could have a
material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and liquidity.
Impairment of Property and Equipment. We review our long-lived assets for impairment at each
balance sheet date and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of
an asset may not be recoverable. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired
when the anticipated cumulative undiscounted cash flows of the related asset or group of assets is
less than the carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the
carrying value exceeds the estimated fair market value of the long-lived asset. Economic useful
lives of long-lived assets are assessed and adjusted as circumstances dictate.
Write-downs of long-lived assets may be necessary if the future fair value of these assets is
less than the carrying value. If the operating trends for our UNIX or SCOsource businesses
continue to
decline, we may be required to record an impairment charge in a future period related to the
carrying value of our long-lived assets.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable. We offer credit terms on the sale of our products
to a majority of our customers and require no collateral from these customers. We perform ongoing
credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and maintain an allowance for doubtful
accounts based upon our historical collection experience and a specific review of customer balances
to determine expected collectibility. Our policies for determining allowances for doubtful
accounts have been applied consistently. Our allowance for doubtful accounts receivable was
$106,000 as of October 31, 2006. We have not experienced material differences from the actual
amounts provided for bad debts and our recorded estimates. However, our actual bad debts in future
periods may differ from our current estimates and the differences may be material, which may have
an adverse impact on our future accounts receivable and cash position.
Results of Operations
The following table presents our consolidated results of operations for the years ended
October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:
Revenue for the year ended October 31, 2006 decreased by $6,765,000, or 19%, from the
year ended October 31, 2005 and revenue for the year ended October 31, 2005 decreased by
$6,805,000, or 16%, from the year ended October 31, 2004. These decreases were primarily
attributable to a decrease in UNIX products and services revenue as a result of continued
competition from other operating systems, primarily Linux.
Revenue generated from our UNIX business and SCOsource business is as follows:
2006
Change
2005
Change
2004
UNIX revenue
$
29,123,000
(19
)%
$
35,838,000
(15
)%
$
41,980,000
Percent of total revenue
100
%
100
%
98
%
SCOsource revenue
116,000
(30
)%
166,000
(80
)%
829,000
Percent of total revenue
0
%
0
%
2
%
The decrease in revenue in the UNIX business of $6,715,000 for the year ended October 31,2006 compared to the year ended October 31, 2005 and the decrease in revenue of $6,142,000 for the
year ended October 31, 2005 compared to the year ended October 31, 2004 was primarily attributable
to continued competition from other operating systems, particularly Linux. We believe that the
inclusion of our UNIX code and derivative works in Linux has been a contributor to the decline in
our UNIX revenue because users of Linux generally do not pay for the operating system itself, but
pay for services and maintenance. We anticipate that for the year ending October 31, 2007 our
total UNIX revenue will decline from UNIX revenue generated in the year ended October 31, 2006 as a
result of this continued competition.
SCOsource revenue decreased by $50,000 for the year ended October 31, 2006 compared to the
year ended October 31, 2005 and decreased by $663,000 for the year ended October 31, 2005 compared
to the year ended October 31, 2004. This decrease was primarily attributable to lower sales of IP
agreements.
Sales of our UNIX products and services during the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
were primarily to existing customers. Our UNIX business revenue depends significantly on our
ability to market our products to existing customers and to generate upgrades from existing
customers. Our UNIX revenue may be lower than currently anticipated if (1) we are not successful
with our existing customers, (2) we lose the support of any of our existing hardware and software
vendors, or (3) our key industry partners withdraw their marketing and certification support or
direct their support to our competitors.
Products Revenue
2006
Change
2005
Change
2004
Products revenue
$
24,063,000
(20
)%
$
30,190,000
(15
)%
$
35,352,000
Percent of total revenue
82
%
84
%
83
%
Our products revenue consists of software licenses for UNIX products such as OpenServer
and UnixWare, as well as sales of UNIX-related products. Products revenue also includes revenue
derived from OEMs, distribution partners and large end-user accounts. We rely heavily on our
two-tier
distribution channel and any disruption in our distribution channel could have an adverse
impact on future revenue.
The decrease in products revenue of $6,127,000 from the year ended October 31, 2005 to the
year ended October 31, 2006 and the decrease of $5,162,000 from the year ended October 31, 2004 to
the year ended October 31, 2005 was primarily attributable to decreased sales of OpenServer and
UnixWare products. These decreases primarily resulted from continued competition in the operating
system market, particularly Linux. We believe that this competition from Linux will continue for
the year ending October 31, 2007 and future periods.
Our products revenue was derived primarily from sales of our OpenServer and UnixWare products.
Other products revenue consists mainly of product maintenance and other UNIX-related products.
Revenue for these products was as follows:
2006
Change
2005
Change
2004
OpenServer revenue
$
14,098,000
(16
)%
$
16,720,000
(9
)%
$
18,467,000
Percent of products revenue
59
%
55
%
52
%
UnixWare revenue
7,521,000
(16
)%
8,979,000
(19
)%
11,125,000
Percent of products revenue
31
%
30
%
32
%
Other products revenue
2,444,000
(46
)%
4,491,000
(22
)%
5,760,000
Percent of products revenue
10
%
15
%
16
%
The decreases in revenue for OpenServer and UnixWare and other products are all primarily
the result of continued competition, particularly from Linux operating system providers. The
decrease in other products revenue is primarily attributable to decreased sales of UNIX-related
products and decreased sales of product maintenance, which is sold separately from the product.
SCOsource Licensing Revenue
2006
Change
2005
Change
2004
SCOsource licensing revenue
$
116,000
(30
)%
$
166,000
(80
)%
$
829,000
Percent of total revenue
0
%
0
%
2
%
We initiated our SCOsource business for the purpose of protecting and defending our
intellectual property rights in our UNIX source code and derivative works. SCOsource licensing
revenue was $116,000 for the year ended October 31, 2006, $166,000 for the year ended October 31,2005 and $829,000 for the year ended October 31, 2004. The SCOsource revenue for the years ended
October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 was primarily attributable to SCOsource IP agreements. We believe
and assert that our minimal SCOsource revenue for the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
was, in part, attributable to Novell’s claim of UNIX copyright ownership, which may have caused
potential customers to delay or forego licensing until an outcome in this legal matter has been
reached.
We are unable to predict the amount and timing of future SCOsource licensing revenue.
Services Revenue
2006
Change
2005
Change
2004
Services revenue
$
5,060,000
(10
)%
$
5,648,000
(15
)%
$
6,628,000
Percent of total revenue
18
%
16
%
15
%
Services revenue consists primarily of annual and incident technical support fees,
engineering services fees, professional services and consulting fees. These fees are typically
charged and invoiced
separately from UNIX products sales. The decrease in services revenue of $588,000, or 10%,
from the year ended October 31, 2005 to the year ended October 31, 2006 and the decrease of
$980,000, or 15%, from the year ended October 31, 2004 to the year ended October 31, 2005 was
primarily attributable to a decrease in products revenue, decreased professional services revenue
and fewer renewals of support and engineering services contracts.
The majority of our support and professional services revenue is derived from services for
UNIX-based operating system products. Our future level of services revenue depends in part on our
ability to generate UNIX products revenue from new customers as well as to renew annual support and
services agreements with existing UNIX customers.
Cost of Products Revenue
2006
Change
2005
Change
2004
Cost of products revenue
$
2,064,000
(19
)%
$
2,544,000
(21
)%
$
3,221,000
Percentage of products revenue
9
%
8
%
9
%
Cost of products revenue consists of manufacturing costs, royalties to third-party
vendors, technology costs and overhead costs. Cost of products revenue decreased by $480,000, or
19%, from the year ended October 31, 2005 to the year ended October 31, 2006 and decreased by
$677,000, or 21%, from the year ended October 31, 2004 to the year ended October 31, 2005. This
decrease in cost of products revenue was primarily attributable to lower products revenue, as
margins did not vary significantly.
For the year ending October 31, 2007, we expect the dollar amount of our cost of products
revenue to be less than the year ended October 31, 2006 and, as a percentage of products revenue,
to be consistent with the percentage achieved during the year ended October 31, 2006.
Cost of SCOsource Licensing Revenue
2006
Change
2005
Change
2004
Cost of SCOsource
licensing revenue
$
12,307,000
(4
)%
$
12,847,000
(35
)%
$
19,743,000
Cost of SCOsource licensing revenue includes legal and professional fees incurred in
connection with our SCO Litigation, the salaries and related personnel costs of SCOsource
employees, and an allocation of corporate costs.
Cost of SCOsource licensing revenue decreased by $540,000, or 4%, from the year ended October31, 2005 to the year ended October 31, 2006 and was primarily attributable to decreased legal fees
paid to the Law Firms offset, in part, by increases in costs and expenses for experts, consultants
and other costs of the SCO Litigation. Cost of SCOsource licensing revenue decreased by
$6,896,000, or 35%, from the year ended October 31, 2004 to the year ended October 31, 2005 and was
primarily attributable to decreased fees paid to the Law Firms as a result of an amendment to cap
the total future legal fees to be paid to the Law Firms. In addition to the expenses discussed
above, we must also pay one or more contingency fees upon any amount we or our stockholders may
receive as a result of a settlement, judgment, or a sale of our company.
We anticipate that the dollar amount of our cost of SCOsource licensing revenue for the year
ending October 31, 2007 will be lower than the year ended October 31, 2006. However, future
legal fees may include contingency payments made to the Law Firms as a result of a settlement,
judgment, or a sale of our company, which could cause the cost of SCOsource licensing revenue for
the year ending October 31, 2007 to be higher than the year ended October 31, 2006.
Cost of services revenue includes the salaries and related personnel costs of employees
delivering services revenue as well as third-party service agreements. Cost of services revenue
decreased by $90,000, or 3%, from the year ended October 31, 2005 to the year ended October 31,2006 and decreased by $1,212,000, or 29%, from the year ended October 31, 2004 to the year ended
October 31, 2005 and was primarily attributable to reduced employee and employee-related costs.
For the year ending October 31, 2007, we expect the dollar amount of our cost of services
revenue to be less than that incurred for the year ended October 31, 2006 and that cost of services
revenue as a percentage of services revenue will be lower than that generated for the year ended
October 31, 2006.
Sales and Marketing
2006
Change
2005
Change
2004
Sales and marketing expense
$
12,049,000
2
%
$
11,834,000
(31
)%
$
17,113,000
Percentage of total revenue
41
%
33
%
40
%
Sales and marketing expenses consist of the salaries, commissions and other personnel
costs of employees involved in the revenue generation process, as well as advertising and corporate
allocations. The increase in sales and marketing expense of $215,000, or 2%, from the year ended
October 31, 2006 compared to the year ended October 31, 2005 was primarily attributable to an
increase in spending related to the release and marketing of our mobile services product offerings
and from stock-based compensation. The decrease of $5,279,000, or 31%, from the year ended October31, 2004 to the year ended October 31, 2005 was primarily attributable to reductions in sales and
marketing employees, reduced travel expenses, less commissions and lower advertising costs.
Included in sales and marketing expenses for the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, was
$371,000, $14,000 and $75,000, respectively, for stock-based compensation.
For the year ending October 31, 2007, we anticipate that the dollar amount of sales and
marketing expense will decrease from the year ended October 31, 2006.
Research and Development
2006
Change
2005
Change
2004
Research and development expense
$
8,045,000
(4
)%
$
8,337,000
(22
)%
$
10,661,000
Percentage of total revenue
28
%
23
%
25
%
Research and development expenses consist of the salaries and benefits of software
engineers, consulting expenses and corporate allocations. Research and development expenses
decreased by $292,000, or 4%, from the year ended October 31, 2005 to the year ended October 31,2006 and this decrease was primarily attributable to decreased personnel and personnel-related
costs offset, in part, by an increase in stock-based compensation. Research and development
expenses decreased by $2,324,000, or 22%, from the year ended October 31, 2004 to the year ended
October 31, 2005 and this decrease was primarily attributable to decreased personnel and
personnel-related costs. During the years ended October 31, 2005 and 2004, our engineering efforts
were primarily focused on the release of UnixWare 7.1.4 and on the release of OpenServer 6; both
significant releases of our two primary operating system products. These development efforts
required us to maintain our research and development
infrastructure, which limited our ability to cut costs in this area as significantly as we
have done in other areas. Included in research and development expenses for the years ended
October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, was $140,000, $8,000 and $49,000, respectively, for stock-based
compensation.
For the year ending October 31, 2007, we anticipate that the dollar amount of research and
development expenses will decrease from the year ended October 31, 2006.
General and Administrative
2006
Change
2005
Change
2004
General and administrative expense
$
6,928,000
(2
)%
$
7,047,000
(16
)%
$
8,421,000
Percentage of total revenue
24
%
20
%
20
%
General and administrative expenses consist of the salaries and benefits of finance,
human resources, and executive management and expenses for professional services such as legal and
accounting services and corporate allocations. General and administrative expenses decreased by
$119,000, or 2%, from the year ended October 31, 2005 to the year ended October 31, 2006 and this
decrease was primarily attributable to decreased personnel and personnel-related costs as well as
from decreased accounting and legal fees, offset, in part, by an increase in stock-based
compensation. General and administrative expenses decreased by $1,374,000, or 16%, from the year
ended October 31, 2004 to the year ended October 31, 2005 and this decrease was primarily
attributable to lower personnel and related costs offset, in part, by increased legal and
accounting costs related to the restatement of our quarterly financial statements in April 2005.
Included in general and administrative expenses for the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005, and
2004, was $974,000, $0, and $795,000, respectively, for stock-based compensation.
For the year ending October 31, 2007, we anticipate that the dollar amount of general and
administrative expenses will decrease from the year ended October 31, 2006.
Amortization of Intangibles
2006
Change
2005
Change
2004
Amortization of intangibles
$
2,371,000
0
%
$
2,372,000
(8
)%
$
2,566,000
Percentage of total revenue
8
%
7
%
6
%
During the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, we recorded $2,371,000,
$2,372,000 and $2,566,000, respectively, for the amortization of intangible assets with finite
lives. The decrease of $194,000, or 8%, from the year ended October 31, 2005 compared to the year
ended October 31, 2004 was primarily attributable to reduced amortization expense recorded on
certain assets acquired from Vultus in June 2003 that were written off during the year ended
October 31, 2004. As of October 31, 2006, all intangible assets had been fully amortized.
Equity in Income of Affiliate
We account for our ownership interests in companies in which we own at least 20% and less than
50% using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, we record our portion of the
entities’ net income or net loss in our consolidated statements of operations. As of October 31,2006, the carrying value of our investment of $389,000 was for our 30% ownership in a Chinese
company.
During the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, we recorded $91,000, $47,000 and
$111,000, respectively, representing our portion of the net income in this entity.
Other income, net, consisted of the following components for the years ended October 31, 2006,
2005 and 2004:
2006
2005
2004
Interest income
$
720,000
$
377,000
$
905,000
Change in fair value of derivative
—
—
5,924,000
Other income (expense), net
39,000
1,022,000
(322,000
)
Total other income, net
$
759,000
$
1,399,000
$
6,507,000
Interest income increased by $343,000 for the year ended October 31, 2006 from the year
ended October 31, 2005 and was primarily attributable to higher cash and available-for-sale
securities balances and higher rates earned on these balances. Interest income decreased by
$528,000 from the year ended October 31, 2004 to the year ended October 31, 2005 and was primarily
attributable to the decrease in our cash and available-for-sale securities balances.
The income recorded on the change in fair value of derivative for the years ended October 31,2004 related to the decrease in fair value of this instrument and marking it to market at each
balance sheet date. The derivative financial instrument was settled during the three months ended
April 30, 2004.
The increase in other income, net, from the year ended October 31, 2004 to the year ended
October 31, 2005, as well as the decrease from the year ended October 31, 2005 as compared to the
year ended October 31, 2006 was primarily attributable to two items: 1) the collection of a note
receivable from Vintela, Inc. (“Vintela”) as described in more detail in Note 10 to our financial
statements, which note receivable was originally received in April 2003, but because we received
the note receivable in exchange for the transfer of certain software to a related party and there
was substantial doubt concerning the ability of Vintela to repay the note, no gain was recognized
until the three months ended January 31, 2005 when we received payment; and 2) the sale of shares
we held in Troll Tech AS (“Troll Tech”) as described in more detail in Note 4 to our financial
statements. The Troll Tech shares had been written off in the year ended October 31, 2001, but
because they were sold during the year ended October 31, 2005, we recorded income for the proceeds
received.
Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes for the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 was
$91,000, $273,000 and $1,395,000, respectively. The decrease in the provision for income taxes for
the year ended October 31, 2006 compared to the year ended October 31, 2005 was primarily
attributable to the receipt of a tax refund by our subsidiary. The decrease in the provision for
income taxes of $1,122,000 from the year ended October 31, 2004 to the year ended October 31, 2005
was primarily attributable to an accrual for withholding taxes of approximately $710,000 made in
the year ended October 31, 2004 in connection with our operations in India. Other than the accrual
previously mentioned, our provision for income taxes is primarily related to earnings in foreign
subsidiaries as well as from withholding taxes on revenue generated in certain foreign locations.
As of October 31, 2006, we had net operating loss carry-forwards for U.S. federal and state income
tax reporting purposes of approximately $162,112,000 that expire at various dates between 2020 and
2026. The Internal Revenue Code contains provisions under Section 382 which limit our ability to
utilize net operating losses in the event that we have experienced a more than 50% change in
ownership over a 3-year period. Current estimates prepared by us indicate that due to ownership
changes which have occurred, approximately $130,736,000 of the net operating losses are currently
subject to an annual limitation of $3,041,000, but may be further limited by additional ownership
changes which may occur in
the future. As stated above, the net operating loss carry-forwards expire between 2020 and
2026, allowing us to utilize approximately $60,820,000 of the limited net operating loss
carry-forwards over a 20-year period. The balance of the net operating loss carry-forwards of
approximately $31,376,000 is not currently subject to a limitation, but if ownership changes occur
in the future, this amount may be subject to additional limitations under Section 382.
We had net deferred income tax assets, including net operating loss carry-forwards and other
temporary differences between book and tax deductions, totaling approximately $76,385,000 as of
October 31, 2006. A valuation allowance in the amount of $76,385,000 has been recorded as of
October 31, 2006 as a result of uncertainties regarding the ultimate realizability of any of the
net deferred income tax assets.
Contributions From Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
In October 2003, we issued 50,000 shares of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock for
$1,000 per share. In connection with completing the February 5, 2004 exchange of shares of Series
A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock for outstanding Series A shares, we removed the carrying value of
the Series A shares and related derivative and recorded the fair value of the Series A-1 shares
issued in the exchange transaction. The difference between these two amounts was $6,305,000 and
was recorded as a non-cash dividend during the year ended October 31, 2004.
With the completion of the repurchase transaction with BayStar Capital II, L.P. (“BayStar”)
during the year ended October 31, 2004, as a result of which no Series A-1 shares remain
outstanding, we will not be required to continue to accrue or pay any dividends on the Series A-1
shares. As a result of completing the repurchase transaction with BayStar, we recorded a capital
contribution classified as a preferred stock dividend in the amount of $15,475,000, which
represented the difference in the carrying value of the Series A-1 shares and accrued dividends
less the fair value of the 2,105,263 shares of common stock and the $13,000,000 in cash. No
dividends were paid on the Series A or Series A-1 shares.
The following table details the components of the dividends for the years ended October 31,2006, 2005 and 2004:
2006
2005
2004
Accrual of dividends on preferred stock
$
—
$
—
$
(2,047,000
)
Exchange of Series A shares for Series A-1 shares
—
—
(6,305,000
)
Repurchase of Series A-1 shares from BayStar
—
—
15,475,000
Total
$
—
$
—
$
7,123,000
Quarterly Results of Operations
The following table sets forth certain unaudited quarterly statement of operations data for
the last eight quarters. This information has been derived from our unaudited consolidated
financial statements, which, in management’s opinion, have been prepared on the same basis as the
audited financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring
adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the quarters presented. This
information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and
related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
Factors that may affect quarterly results include:
•
the interest level of solution providers in recommending UNIX business solutions to end
users as well as the changing business attitudes toward UNIX as a viable operating system
alternative to other competing systems, especially Linux;
•
the contingency fees we may pay to the Law Firms representing us in the SCO Litigation;
•
the level, magnitude and timing of SCOsource license revenue;
•
the amount of legal fees and related expenses incurred in connection with the SCO Litigation;
•
the introduction, development, timing, competitive pricing and market acceptance of our
products and services and those of our competitors; and
•
changes in general economic conditions that could affect capital expenditures in the
UNIX market.
As a result of the factors listed above and elsewhere in the “Forward-Looking Statements and
Factors That May Affect Future Results and Financial Condition” and “Risk Factors” sections of this
Form 10-K, it is possible that in some future periods our results of operations may fall below
management’s expectations as well as the expectations of public market analysts and investors. If
revenue falls below management’s expectations in any quarter and we are unable to reduce expenses,
our operating results will be lower than expected.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our cash and cash equivalents balance increased from $4,272,000 as of October 31, 2005 to
$5,369,000 as of October 31, 2006. During this same time period, our investment in
available-for-sale
securities decreased from $6,165,000 to $2,249,000. Total cash and cash equivalents and
available-for-sale securities were $7,618,000 as of October 31, 2006. As of October 31, 2006, we
also have $8,024,000 classified as restricted cash, of which $5,046,000 is set aside to cover
expert and other costs related to our SCO Litigation and $2,978,000 is for royalties payable to
Novell for Novell’s retained binary royalty stream. During the year ended October 31, 2006, we
expended a significant amount of cash for experts and other costs related to the SCO Litigation.
We intend to use the cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities as of October31, 2006 to pursue our SCO Litigation and to run our UNIX business. We believe that based on the
combination of our existing cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities as of
October 31, 2006, we will have sufficient cash resources to fund our operations for at least the
next 12 months.
Our net cash used in operating activities during the year ended October 31, 2006 was
$13,310,000 and was attributable to a net loss of $16,598,000, changes in operating assets and
liabilities of $1,440,000, and offset, in part, by non-cash items of $4,728,000. Our working
capital decreased from $8,669,000 as of October 31, 2005 to $7,144,000 as of October 31, 2006.
Our net cash used in operating activities during the year ended October 31, 2005 was
$21,507,000 and was attributable to a net loss of $10,726,000, changes in operating assets and
liabilities of $13,868,000, and offset, in part, by non-cash items of $3,087,000. Our working
capital decreased from $15,413,000 as of October 31, 2004 to $8,669,000 as of October 31, 2005.
Our net cash used in operating activities during the year ended October 31, 2004 was
$22,604,000 and was attributable to a net loss of $23,350,000, changes in operating assets and
liabilities of $176,000, and offset, in part, by non-cash items of $922,000. Our working capital
decreased from $37,168,000 as of October 31, 2003 to $15,413,000 as of October 31, 2004.
Our investing activities have historically consisted of equipment purchases, investing in
strategic partners and the purchase and sale of available-for-sale securities. During the year
ended October 31, 2006, cash provided by investing activities was $3,884,000, which was primarily a
result of sales, net of purchases, of available-for-sale securities of $3,916,000 and a dividend
received from our 30% owned Chinese company of $308,000, offset, in part, by the purchase of
property and equipment of $340,000.
During the year ended October 31, 2005, cash provided by investing activities was $12,255,000,
which was primarily a result of sales, net of purchases, of available-for-sale securities of
$12,591,000 and the purchase of property and equipment of $336,000.
During the year ended October 31, 2004, cash used in investing activities was $15,443,000,
which was primarily a result of purchases, net of sales, of available-for-sale securities of
$14,728,000, purchases of equipment of $506,000 and the purchase of the remaining minority interest
in our Japanese subsidiary of $209,000.
Our financing activities provided $10,425,000 of cash during the year ended October 31, 2006
and was comprised of proceeds, net of offering costs, of $9,809,000 from the sale of common stock
in a private placement, proceeds of $613,000 received from the sale of common stock through our
ESPP and proceeds of $35,000 from the exercise of options to acquire shares of our common stock,
offset, in part, by the repurchase of shares of our common stock made in connection with the
completion of our rescission offer of $32,000.
Our financing activities provided $959,000 of cash during the year ended October 31, 2005 and
was comprised of proceeds of $720,000 received from the sale of common stock through our ESPP and
proceeds of $239,000 from the exercise of options to acquire shares of our common stock.
Our financing activities used $13,864,000 of cash during the year ended October 31, 2004. The
primary uses of cash were $13,000,000 for the repurchase and retirement of shares of our Series A-1
Convertible Preferred Stock, $2,414,000 for the purchase of shares of our common stock on the open
market, and $211,000 paid in connection with the issuance of Series A-1 shares in exchange for
outstanding Series A shares. These uses of cash were offset, in part, by proceeds generated from
the exercise of options to acquire common stock of $951,000 and proceeds of $810,000 received from
the sale of common stock through the ESPP.
Our net accounts receivable balance decreased from $6,343,000 as of October 31, 2005 to
$5,123,000 as of October 31, 2006, primarily as a result of lower invoicing during the three months
ended October 31, 2006 as compared to the three months ended October 31, 2005. The majority of our
accounts receivable are current and our allowance for doubtful accounts was $106,000 as of October31, 2006, which represented approximately 2 percent of our gross accounts receivable balance. This
allowance as a percentage of gross accounts receivable is consistent with our experience in prior
periods, and we expect this trend to continue. Our write-offs of uncollectible accounts during the
years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 were not significant.
As described elsewhere in this Form 10-K, we are continuing to pay for expert, consulting and
other expenses relating to our litigation with IBM. These expenses have been material for the
years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004. For the year ending October 31, 2007, we expect that
these expenses will decrease, but will continue to be material to our financial statements and cash
position.
In addition to the cash expenditures mentioned above, we must also pay one or more contingency
fees upon any amount we or our stockholders may receive as a result of a settlement, judgment, or a
sale of our company. The contingency fee amounts payable to the Law Firms will be, subject to
certain credits and adjustments, as follows:
•
33 percent of any aggregate recovery amounts received up to $350,000,000;
•
plus 25 percent of any aggregate recovery amounts above $350,000,000 but less than or
equal to $700,000,000;
•
plus 20 percent of any aggregate recovery amounts in excess of $700,000,000.
The Engagement Agreement provides that, except for the compensation obligations specifically
described above, we will not be obligated to pay any legal fees, whether hourly, contingent or
otherwise, to the Law Firms, or any other law firms that may be engaged by the Law Firms, in
connection with the SCO Litigation through the end of the current litigation between us and IBM,
including any appeals.
Contractual Obligations
We have entered into operating leases for our corporate offices located in the United States
and our international sales offices. We have commitments under these leases that extend through
the year ending October 31, 2008.
The following table summarizes our contractual operating lease obligations as of October 31,2006:
Less than
More than
Total
1 year
1 – 3 years
3 -5 years
5 years
Operating lease obligations
$
1,664,000
$
1,395,000
$
269,000
$
—
$
—
As of October 31, 2006, we did not have any long-term debt obligations, purchase
obligations, other long-term liabilities or material capital lease obligations.
Our ability to reduce costs to offset revenue declines in our UNIX business is limited because
of contractual commitments to maintain and support our existing UNIX customers. The decline in our
UNIX business may be accelerated if industry partners withdraw their support as a result of the SCO
Litigation. In addition, the SCO Litigation may cause industry partners, developers and hardware
and software vendors to choose not to support or certify to our UNIX operating system products.
This would lead to an accelerated decline in our UNIX products and services revenue. If our UNIX
products and services revenue is less than expected, our liquidity will be adversely impacted.
In the event that cash required to fund operations and strategic initiatives exceeds our
current cash resources, we will be required to reduce costs and perhaps raise additional capital.
We may not be able to reduce costs in a manner that does not impair our ability to maintain our
UNIX business and pursue the SCO Litigation. We may not be able to raise capital for any number of
reasons including those listed under the section “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A of this Form
10-K. If additional equity financing is available, it may not be available to us on attractive
terms and may be dilutive to our existing stockholders. In addition, if our stock price declines,
we may not be able to access the public equity markets on acceptable terms, if at all. Our ability
to effect acquisitions for our common stock would also be impaired.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Interpretation No. 48,
“Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” or FIN No. 48. FIN No. 48 prescribes a recognition
threshold and measurement process for recording in the financial statements uncertain tax positions
taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Additionally, FIN No. 48 provides guidance on the
de-recognition, classification, accounting in interim periods and disclosure requirements for
uncertain tax positions. The provisions of FIN No. 48 will become effective for us beginning
November 1, 2007. We are currently evaluating the impact that FIN No. 48 will have on our results
of operations, financial position or liquidity.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” or SFAS No. 157.
SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally
accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157
is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and
interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact that the
adoption of SFAS No. 157 will have on our results of operations, financial position or liquidity.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans,” an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and
132(R). SFAS No. 158 requires recognition of the over funded or under funded status of defined
benefit pension and other postretirement plans as an asset or liability in the balance sheet and
changes in that funded status to be recognized in comprehensive loss in the year in which the
changes occur. SFAS No. 158 also requires measurement of the funded status of a plan as of the
date of the balance sheet. The recognition provisions of SFAS No. 158 are effective for the fiscal
year beginning November 1, 2006, while the measurement date provisions are effective for the fiscal
year beginning November 1, 2008. The adoption of SFAS No. 158 is not expected to have a material
impact on our results of operations, financial position or liquidity.
In September 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No.
108, “Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements When Quantifying Misstatements in Current
Year Financial Statements,” or SAB No. 108, which provides interpretive guidance on how the effects
of the carryover or reversal of prior year misstatements should be considered in quantifying a
current year misstatement. SAB No. 108 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal
years ending after
November 15, 2006. The adoption of SAB No. 108 is not expected to have a material impact on
our results of operations, financial position or liquidity.
Forward-Looking Statements and Factors That May Affect Future Results and Financial Condition
With the exception of historical facts, the statements contained in Management’s Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are “forward-looking statements”
within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which reflect our
current expectations and beliefs regarding our future results of operations, performance and
achievements. The section entitled “Business” above in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K also
includes forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and
are based upon assumptions and beliefs that may or may not materialize. These forward-looking
statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning:
•
Our intention to continue our UNIX development and marketing efforts while at the
same time developing and marketing our mobility products and services;
•
Our belief that the market for mobility products and services is poised for rapid
growth;
•
Our belief that the success of our mobility products and services offerings will
depend, in part, on the level of commitment and resources we are able to devote to
these offerings, the partnerships we are able to establish, our ability to attract and
retain new customers and partners, and the strength of our mobility offerings;
•
Our operating strategy to continue to support our existing users of our UNIX
operating system products and protect our intellectual property rights;
•
Our belief that our OpenServer and UnixWare products will continue to provide a
revenue stream in the year ending October 31, 2007 and our belief that revenue from
such products will continue to decline;
•
Our expectation that our sales channel should continue to provide reliable UNIX
operating systems for small-to-medium sized business customers;
•
Our expectation that hardware and software vendors, as well as software developers,
will continue to turn their certification and application development efforts toward
Linux and may elect not to continue to support or certify to our UNIX operating system
products;
•
Our intention to vigorously defend legal claims and counterclaims brought against us
by others;
•
Our intention to continue to pursue the SCO Litigation and run our UNIX business;
•
Our belief that our cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale marketable
securities will be adequate for us to execute our business strategy as well as to
continue to pursue the SCO Litigation and that we have sufficient cash resources to
fund our operations for the next 12 months;
•
Our expectation that maintaining our strategic alliances with solution providers
during the year ending October 31, 2007 will be critical to the success of our UNIX
business;
•
Our intention to keep our relationships with key partners in certain vertical
markets;
•
Our belief that our bad debts and our allowance for doubtful accounts receivable
will remain consistent with our prior experience;
•
The strength of our intellectual property rights and contractual claims regarding
UNIX generally and specifically the strength of our claim that unauthorized UNIX source
code and derivatives of UNIX source code are contained in Linux;
•
Our expectation that UNIX revenue for the year ending October 31, 2007 will decline
from UNIX revenue generated during the year ended October 31, 2006;
•
Our belief that competition from Linux will continue during the year ending October31, 2007 and future periods;
•
Our expectation that future services revenue will depend, in part, on our ability to
generate UNIX products revenue from new customers as well as the renewal of annual
support and services agreements from existing UNIX customers;
Our belief that a key to our future success will be our ability to provide
additional products and services to our reseller channel and to communicate our product
and corporate strategy to these resellers;
•
Our expectation that enhancements to our UNIX software products will not result in
significant revenue increases in the short-term;
•
Our belief that a movement in interest rates, either up or down of up to 2%, would
not have a material adverse impact on our cash and cash equivalents and our
available-for-sale securities;
•
Our expectation for the year ending October 31, 2007 that the dollar amount of
expert, consulting and other expenses relating to our litigation with IBM will
decrease, although it will continue to be material to our financial statements and cash
position;
•
Our expectation for the year ending October 31, 2007 that the dollar amount of our
cost of products revenue will be lower than the dollar amount of our cost of products
revenue generated during the year ended October 31, 2006;
•
Our expectation for the year ending October 31, 2007 that the dollar amount of our
cost of SCOsource licensing revenue will be lower than that generated during the year
ended October 31, 2006, exclusive of any potential contingent payments;
•
Our expectation for the year ending October 31, 2007 that the dollar amount of our
cost of services revenue will be less than the dollar amount of our cost of services
revenue incurred for the year ended October 31, 2006;
•
Our expectation for the year ending October 31, 2007 that the dollar amount of our
sales and marketing expenses will decrease from that generated during the year ended
October 31, 2006;
•
Our expectation for the year ending October 31, 2007 that the dollar amount of our
research and development expenses will decrease from that generated during the year
ended October 31, 2006;
•
Our expectation for the year ending October 31, 2007 that the dollar amount of our
general and administrative expenses will decrease from that generated during the year
ended October 31, 2006; and
•
Our belief that certain legal actions to which we are a party will not have a
material adverse effect on us.
We wish to caution readers that our operating results are subject to numerous risks and
uncertainties that could cause our actual results and outcomes to differ materially from those
discussed or anticipated, including the failure or adverse developments in the SCO Litigation,
competition from other operating systems, particularly Linux, the amount and timing of SCOsource
licensing revenue, our ability to maintain our UNIX operating systems and maintain our UNIX
business, and the factors set forth in the subsection entitled “Risk Factors” under Part I, item 1A
of this Form 10-K. We also wish to advise readers not to place any undue reliance on the
forward-looking statements contained in this report, which reflect our beliefs and expectations
only as of the date of this report. We assume no obligation to update or revise these
forward-looking statements to reflect new events or circumstances or any changes in our beliefs or
expectations, other than as required by law.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Foreign Currency Risk. We have foreign offices and operations in Europe and Asia. As a
result, a portion of our revenue is derived from sales to customers outside the United States. Our
international revenue is primarily denominated in U.S. dollars, Euros and United Kingdom Pounds.
Most of the operating expenses related to our foreign-based operations are denominated in foreign
currencies and
therefore operating results are affected by changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rate in
relation to foreign currencies such as the Euro, among others. If the U.S. dollar weakens compared
to the Euro and other currencies, our operating expenses for foreign operations will be higher when
translated back into U.S.
dollars. Our revenue can also be affected by general economic conditions
in the United States, Europe and other international markets. Our results of operations may be
affected in the short term by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Interest Rate Risk. The primary objective of our cash management strategy is to invest
available funds in a manner that assures safety and liquidity and maximizes yield within such
constraints. We believe that a hypothetical movement in interest rates, either up or down of up to
2%, would not have a material adverse impact on our cash and cash equivalents and
available-for-sale marketable securities. We do not borrow money for short-term investment
purposes.
Investment Risk. We have historically invested in equity instruments of privately held and
public companies in the technology industry for business and strategic purposes. Investments are
accounted for under the cost method if our ownership is less than 20 percent and we are not able to
exercise influence over operations. Our investment policy is to regularly review the assumptions
and operating performance of these companies and to record impairment losses when events and
circumstances indicate that these investments may be impaired. As of October 31, 2006, we did not
hold any cost method investments.
The stock market in general, and the market for shares of technology companies in particular,
has experienced price fluctuations. In addition, factors such as new product introductions by our
competitors or developments in the SCO Litigation may have a significant impact on the market price
of our common stock. Furthermore, quarter-to-quarter fluctuations in our results of operations may
have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock. These conditions could cause
the price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially over short periods of time.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
The SCO Group, Inc.:
We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of The SCO Group, Inc. and subsidiaries as of
October 31, 2006 and 2005, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive
loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended. Our audits also included the
financial statement schedule as of and for the years ended October 31, 2006 and 2005 listed in the
Index at Item 8. These financial statements and the financial statement schedule are the
responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements and the financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material
respects, the consolidated financial position of The SCO Group, Inc. and subsidiaries as of October31, 2006 and 2005, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for the
years then ended in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our
opinion, the financial statement schedule for the related years, when considered in relation to the
basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material
respects, the information set forth therein.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of
The SCO Group, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss,
stockholders’ equity and cash flows of The SCO Group, Inc. and subsidiaries for the year ended
October 31, 2004. In connection with our audit of these consolidated financial statements, we have
also audited the related financial statement schedule. These consolidated financial statements and
the financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and the
financial statement schedule based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all
material respects, the results of operations and the cash flows of The SCO Group, Inc. and
subsidiaries for the year ended October 31, 2004 in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement
schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a
whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
(1) ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND LIQUIDITY
The Company was originally incorporated as Caldera Systems, Inc. (“Caldera Systems”), a Utah
corporation, on August 21, 1998, and reincorporated as a Delaware corporation on March 6, 2000. In
March 2000, Caldera Systems completed an initial public offering of its common stock.
On May 7, 2001, Caldera International, Inc. (“Caldera”) was formed as a holding company to own
Caldera Systems and to acquire substantially all of the assets, liabilities and operations of the
server and professional services groups of The Santa Cruz Operation, which changed its name to
Tarantella, Inc. and was subsequently acquired by Sun Microsystems, Inc. (“Sun”). The Santa Cruz
Operation developed and marketed server software related to networked business computing and was
one of the leading providers of UNIX server operating systems. In addition, these operations
provided professional services related to implementing and maintaining UNIX system software
products. The acquisition provided Caldera with international offices and a distribution channel
with resellers throughout the world. Subsequent to this acquisition, the Company has primarily
sold UNIX based products and services.
On May 16, 2003, Caldera’s stockholders approved an amendment to Caldera’s certificate of
incorporation that changed Caldera’s name to The SCO Group, Inc. (the “Company”).
The Company’s business focuses on marketing reliable, cost-effective UNIX software products
and related services for the small-to-medium sized business market, including replicated site
franchises of Fortune 1000 companies. In 2003, the Company established its SCOsource business to
protect and defend its intellectual property surrounding the UNIX operating system which it
acquired from The Santa Cruz Operation.
The Company incurred a net loss of $16,598,000 for the year ended October 31, 2006 and during
that same period used cash of $13,310,000 in its operating activities. A significant portion of
the net loss and the cash used in operating activities was associated with the Company protecting
and defending its intellectual property rights. As of October 31, 2006, the Company had a total of
$5,369,000 in cash and cash equivalents, $2,249,000 in available-for-sale marketable securities,
and $8,024,000 in restricted cash, of which $5,046,000 is designated to pay for experts,
consultants and other expenses in the SCO Litigation, and the remaining $2,978,000 of restricted
cash is payable to Novell for its retained binary royalty stream.
With the available cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale marketable securities as
of October 31, 2006, the Company believes that it will have sufficient cash resources to fund its
operations through at least October 31, 2007.
(2) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U. S. generally accepted accounting
principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts
of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods.
Actual results could differ from these estimates. Key estimates in the accompanying consolidated
financial statements include, among others, revenue recognition, allowances for doubtful accounts
receivable, impairment and useful lives of long-lived assets, litigation reserves, and valuation
allowances against deferred income tax assets.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned
operating subsidiaries after all intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for cash
and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair values because of
the immediate or short-term maturities of these financial instruments. The fair values of
available-for-sale marketable securities are determined using quoted market prices for these
securities.
Foreign Currency Translation
The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the local foreign currency.
All assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at
the exchange rate prevailing on the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated at
average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Translation adjustments resulting from
translation of the subsidiaries’ accounts are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included as a component of other
income in the consolidated statements of operations.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all investments purchased with original maturities of three or fewer
months to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents were $2,555,000 and $1,528,000 as of October 31,2006 and 2005, respectively. Cash was $2,814,000 and $2,744,000 as of October 31, 2006 and 2005,
respectively. The Company has $100,000 of cash that is federally insured. All remaining amounts
of cash and cash equivalents as well as restricted cash exceed federally insured limits.
Available-for-Sale Marketable Securities
The following tables present the cost, unrealized gains and losses and fair market value of
the Company’s cash equivalents and available-for-sale marketable securities as of October 31, 2006
and 2005:
Available-for-sale marketable securities are recorded at fair market value, based on
quoted market prices, and unrealized gains and losses are recorded as a component of comprehensive
loss. Realized gains and losses, which are calculated based on the specific-identification method,
are recorded
in operations as incurred. As of October 31, 2006 and 2005, available-for-sale marketable
securities at amortized cost and fair value consisted of the following:
2006
2005
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
Maturity date
3 – 12 months
$
—
$
—
$
6,200,000
$
6,165,000
> 12 months
2,247,000
2,249,000
—
—
Total
$
2,247,000
$
2,249,000
$
6,200,000
$
6,165,000
Restricted Cash and Payable to Novell, Inc.
Pursuant to the 1995 Asset Purchase Agreement and the Company’s acquisition of assets and
operations of The Santa Cruz Operation, the Company acts as an administrative agent in the
collection of royalty payments from a limited number of pre-existing Novell customers who continue
to deploy SVRx technology. Under the agency agreement, the Company collects payments from such
customers and receives 5% as an administrative fee and remits the remaining 95% to Novell on a
routine basis. The Company records the 5% administrative fee as revenue in its consolidated
statements of operations. The accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of October 31, 2006 and
2005 reflect amounts collected related to this agency agreement as of each balance sheet date, but
not yet remitted to Novell of $2,978,000 and $2,815,000, respectively, as restricted cash and
payable to Novell.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable
The Company offers credit terms on the sale of the Company’s products to a majority of the
Company’s customers and requires no collateral from these customers. The Company performs ongoing
credit evaluations of the Company’s customers’ financial condition and maintains an allowance for
doubtful accounts receivable based upon the Company’s historical experience and a specific review
of accounts receivable at the end of each period. As of October 31, 2006 and 2005, the allowance
for doubtful accounts was $106,000 and $144,000, respectively.
Inventories
Inventories consist primarily of completed software products. Inventories are stated at the
lower of cost (using the first-in, first-out method) or market value. As of October 31, 2006 and
2005, inventories amounted to $219,000 and $203,000, respectively. Inventories are included in
other current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Provisions, when required, are made to reduce excess and obsolete inventories to their
estimated net realizable value. Due to competitive pressures and technological innovation, it is
possible that estimates of the net realizable value could change in the near term.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Capitalized Software Costs
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 86, “Accounting
for the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased or Otherwise Marketed,” development costs
incurred in the research and development of new software products to be sold, leased or otherwise
marketed are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility in the form of a detailed program
design is established. Software development costs incurred after technological feasibility was
established and prior to product release were not material for the years ended October 31, 2006,
2005 and 2004. The
Company has charged its software development costs to research and development expense in the
accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company
evaluates, at each balance sheet date, whether events and circumstances have occurred which
indicate possible impairment. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when
the projected cumulative undiscounted cash flows of the related asset or group of assets is less
than the carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the
carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the long-lived asset.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization.
Computer equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of
the asset, which is typically three years. Furniture and fixtures and office equipment are
depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, typically
three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the
shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the remaining term of the applicable
lease.
Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense when incurred. Expenditures
for major renewals and betterments that extend the useful lives of existing equipment are
capitalized and depreciated. Upon retirement or disposition of property and equipment, the cost
and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss
is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.
Depreciation and amortization expense was $302,000, $360,000 and $783,000 during the years
ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Statement of Position (“SOP”) 97-2, as
modified by SOP 98-9. The Company’s revenue has historically been from three sources: (i) product
license revenue, primarily from product sales to resellers, end users and original equipment
manufacturers (“OEMs”); (ii) technical support service revenue, primarily from providing technical
support and consulting services to end users; and (iii) revenue from SCOsource licensing.
The Company recognizes product revenue upon shipment if a signed contract exists, the fee is
fixed or determinable, collection of the resulting receivable is probable and product returns are
reasonably estimable.
The majority of the Company’s revenue transactions relate to product-only sales. On occasion,
the Company has revenue transactions that have multiple elements (such as software products,
maintenance, technical support services, and other services). For software agreements that have
multiple
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
elements, the Company allocates revenue to each component of the contract based on the relative
fair value of the elements. The fair value of each element is based on vendor specific objective
evidence (”VSOE”). VSOE is established when such elements are sold separately. The Company
recognizes revenue when the criteria for product revenue recognition set forth above have been met.
If VSOE of all undelivered elements exists, but VSOE does not exist for one or more delivered elements, then
revenue is recognized using the residual method. Under the residual method, the fair value of the
undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the license fee is recognized as
revenue in the period when persuasive evidence of an arrangement is obtained assuming all other
revenue recognition criteria are met.
The Company recognizes product revenue from OEMs when the software is sold by the OEM to an
end-user customer. Revenue from technical support services and consulting services is recognized
as the related services are performed. Revenue for maintenance is recognized ratably over the
maintenance period.
The Company considers an arrangement with payment terms longer than the Company’s normal
business practice not to be fixed and determinable and revenue is recognized when the fee becomes
due. The Company typically provides stock rotation rights for sales made through its distribution
channel and sales to distributors are recognized upon shipment by the distributor to end users.
For direct sales not through the Company’s distribution channel, sales are typically non-refundable
and non-cancelable. The Company estimates its product returns based on historical experience and
maintains an allowance for estimated returns, which is recorded as a reduction to accounts
receivable and revenue.
The Company’s SCOsource revenue to date has been primarily generated from agreements to
utilize the Company’s UNIX source code as well as from intellectual property agreements. The
Company recognizes revenue from SCOsource agreements when a signed contract exists, the fee is
fixed and determinable, collection of the receivable is probable and delivery has occurred. If the
payment terms extend beyond the Company’s normal payment terms, revenue is recognized as the
payments become due.
Royalty Costs
Royalties paid by the Company on applications licensed from third parties that are
incorporated into the software products sold by the Company are expensed as cost of revenue on a
per unit basis as software products are sold. Royalties paid in advance of product sales are
included in other current assets and recorded as cost of revenue when the related products are
sold. During the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, the Company incurred $862,000,
$1,133,000 and $1,262,000, respectively, in royalty expense.
Advertising
The Company expenses the cost of advertising as incurred. Advertising expenses totaled
$620,000, $384,000 and $350,000, respectively, for the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004,
respectively.
Income Taxes
The Company recognizes a liability or asset for the deferred income tax consequences of all
temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in
the consolidated financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future
years when the reported amounts of the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. These
deferred income tax assets or liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates that will be in
effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred income tax assets and
liabilities of a change in tax rates is
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred income tax assets
are reviewed periodically for recoverability, and valuation allowances are provided when it is more
likely than not that some or all of the deferred income tax assets may not be realized. The
Company has provided a valuation allowance against the entire net deferred income tax asset because
of its history of net operating losses and the uncertainties regarding future operating
profitability and taxable income.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss consists of net loss, foreign currency translation adjustments and
unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale marketable securities and is presented in the
accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Net Loss per Common Share
Basic net loss per common share (“Basic EPS”) is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net loss per common share (“Diluted EPS”) is
computed by dividing net loss by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares
outstanding and the dilutive potential common share equivalents then outstanding. Potential common
share equivalents consist of the weighted average number of shares issuable upon the exercise of
outstanding stock options and warrants to acquire common stock. If dilutive, the Company computes
Diluted EPS using the treasury stock method.
Due to the fact that for all periods presented the Company has incurred net losses, common
share equivalents of 4,957,000, 4,059,000 and 3,161,000 for the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005
and 2004, respectively, are not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per common share
because they are anti-dilutive.
(3) GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following table shows the activity related to amortized intangible assets for the years
ended October 31, 2006 and 2005:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Of the $2,707,000 in amortization expense for the year ended October 31, 2006, $336,000 was
classified as cost of SCOsource licensing revenue and the remaining $2,371,000 was classified as
amortization of intangible assets in operating expenses. Of the $2,706,000 in amortization expense
for the year ended October 31, 2005, $334,000 was classified as cost of SCOsource licensing revenue
and the remaining $2,372,000 was classified as amortization of intangible assets in operating
expenses.
As of October 31, 2006, all intangible assets had been fully amortized.
(4) INVESTMENTS IN NON-MARKETABLE SECURITIES
The Company accounts for each of its investments in non-marketable securities under the cost
method if the Company owns less than 20 percent of the outstanding voting securities or under the
equity method if the Company owns more than 20 percent but less than 50 percent of the outstanding
voting securities.
In connection with the Company’s acquisition of the server and professional services groups
from The Santa Cruz Operation, it acquired a 30 percent ownership interest in SCO Software, China;
a joint venture in China. This investment is being accounted for using the equity method. As of
October 31, 2006, the Company’s investment balance in SCO Software, China was $389,000, which is
included as a component of other assets. The Company’s other investments in non-marketable
securities have been fully impaired in prior years and did not have a carrying value as of October31, 2006.
Income or loss recorded on the Company’s investments is recorded as equity in income of
affiliates in the consolidated statements of operations and amounted to $91,000, $47,000 and
$111,000 for the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Sale of Troll Tech Shares
In December 1999, the Company and Canopy, a former holder of the Company’s common stock,
entered into an agreement with Troll Tech AS (“Troll Tech”) and its stockholders. Pursuant to the
agreement, the Company acquired shares of Troll Tech in exchange for shares of the Company, and
Canopy acquired shares of Troll Tech in exchange for $1,000,000. The Company recorded its
investment in Troll Tech’s common stock at $400,000, based on the cash price per share paid by
Canopy. The Company determined that the cash price per share paid by Canopy was the most reliable
evidence of the value of Troll Tech’s common stock. During the year ended October 31, 2001,
management determined that the carrying value of the investment in Troll Tech of $400,000 would
most likely not be recoverable, and the investment was written down to $0.
On March 14, 2005, the Company received proceeds of $779,100 for the Troll Tech shares. The
Company accounted for the sale of the Troll Tech shares from a third-party investor when it
received the proceeds from the shares. All amounts related to the book value of the shares had
been written off during the year ended October 31, 2001, and the Company recorded the proceeds
received as a component of other income in its statement of operations and comprehensive loss for
the year ended October 31, 2005.
Investment Impairments and Write-offs
Management routinely assesses the Company’s investments for impairment and adjusts the
carrying amounts to estimated realizable values when impairment has occurred. The Company did not
record any write-offs during the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(5) REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
On October 16, 2003, the Company issued 50,000 shares of its redeemable Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock (the “Series A”) for $1,000 per share. The net proceeds from the sale of the
Series A were $47,740,000. The value of the Series A was classified outside of permanent equity
because of certain redemption features that were outside the control of the Company.
The terms of the Series A included a number of conversion provisions that represented a
derivative financial instrument under SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and
Hedging Activities.”The Company determined that the conversion feature allowing Series A holders
to acquire common shares was an embedded derivative requiring separate accounting. This required
the Company to record the derivative at fair value and mark to fair value at each reporting period.
Changes in the fair value of the derivative were recorded in the Company’s statement of
operations. As of October 16, 2003, the Company determined the initial fair value of the
derivative was $18,069,000.
As of January 31, 2004, the fair value of the derivative was $11,600,000, and the decrease in
fair value of $3,624,000 was recorded as a gain as a change in fair value of derivative in other
income in the statement of operations. On February 5, 2004, all outstanding Series A shares were
exchanged for shares of the Company’s Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A-1”),
and, as a result, no Series A shares remained outstanding. The exchange did not result in the
Company receiving any additional proceeds. As of February 5, 2004, the fair value of the
derivative was $9,300,000 and the decrease in fair value of $2,300,000 from January 31, 2004 was
recorded as a gain as change in fair value of derivative in other income in the statement of
operations.
As of February 5, 2004, the Company determined the fair value of the Series A-1 was
$45,276,000. The Company incurred $211,000 in offering costs in connection with the issuance of
the Series A-1 in the exchange for Series A, resulting in a net fair value of $45,065,000. The
difference of $6,305,000 in the fair value of the Series A-1 and the combined carrying value of the
Series A and the related derivative was recorded as a non-cash dividend in the statements of
operations for the year ended October 31, 2004.
Conversion of Series A-1 Shares and Transfer of Series A-1 Shares to BayStar
On May 5, 2004, the Company received a notice from Royal Bank of Canada (“RBC”), one of the
holders of the Series A-1 shares that RBC had elected to convert 10,000 Series A-1 shares into a
total of 740,740 shares of the Company’s common stock. The converted Series A-1 shares were
purchased at a price of $1,000 per share and were converted into shares of common stock based on a
conversion price of $13.50 per share. A total of $9,013,000 was recorded as permanent equity as a
result of this conversion. Additionally, RBC informed the Company that it had sold its remaining
20,000 Series A-1 shares to BayStar Capital II, L.P. (“BayStar”), which following such transfer
held a total of 40,000 Series A-1 shares.
Agreement to Repurchase BayStar Capital Series A-1 Shares
On May 31, 2004, the Company entered into an agreement with BayStar to repurchase and retire
BayStar’s 40,000 Series A-1 shares, including accrued dividends. Terms of the agreement required
the Company to pay to BayStar $13,000,000 in cash and issue 2,105,263 shares of the Company’s
common stock. The repurchase price was payable and issuable upon the effectiveness of a shelf
registration statement covering the resale of the shares of common stock that would be issued to
BayStar upon the closing of the repurchase. On July 21, 2004, the SEC declared the Company’s
registration statement on
Form S-3 effective, and, in accordance with the terms of the repurchase agreement, the
repurchase with BayStar closed on that date.
The fair value of the cash and common shares delivered to BayStar was less than the carrying
value of the remaining value of the Series A-1 shares and during the year ended October 31, 2004,
the
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Company recorded a capital contribution as a dividend for this difference as outlined in the
following table:
Fair value of 2,105,263 common shares
$
9,747,000
Cash consideration
13,000,000
Total value to BayStar
22,747,000
Carrying value of Series A-1 including dividends
38,222,000
Capital contribution
$
(15,475,000
)
Dividends
If the repurchase had not occurred, dividends on the Series A-1 shares would have been paid
after October 16, 2004, the first anniversary of the original Series A private placement, quarterly
at an annual rate of 8%, subject to annual increases of 2%, not to exceed 12% per year. Although
the Company accrued dividends of $2,047,000 for the year ended October 31, 2004, which reduced
earnings to common stockholders, the Company will no longer accrue dividends on preferred stock
because the repurchase transaction with BayStar closed. The Company never paid any dividends on
the Series A or Series A-1 shares.
(6) COMMON STOCK SUBJECT TO RESCISSION
The Company believes certain shares and options granted under its Equity Compensation Plans
were issued without complying with registration or qualification requirements under federal
securities laws and the securities laws of certain states. As a result, certain Plan participants
have a right to rescind their purchases of shares under the Plans or recover damages if they no
longer own the shares or hold unexercised options, subject to applicable statutes of limitations.
Additionally, regulatory authorities may require the Company to pay fines or impose other
sanctions.
Accounting Series Release (“ASR”) No. 268 and Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Topic D-98
require that stock subject to rescission or redemption requirements outside the control of the
Company to be classified outside of permanent equity. The exercise of the rescission right is at
the holders’ discretion, but exercise of that right may depend in part on the fair value of the
Company’s common stock which is outside of the Company’s and the holders’ control. Consequently,
common stock subject to rescission is classified as temporary equity.
In December 2005, the Company offered to rescind a total of 337,289 shares of common stock
issued under its 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) to current and former employees
while they resided in any of California, Connecticut, Illinois, New Jersey, Utah, Texas or
Washington. These shares represented all of the ESPP shares the Company issued to residents of
these states for which a purchaser could claim a rescission right. The rescission offer was
intended to address the Company’s rescission liability relating to its federal and state securities
laws compliance issues by allowing the holders of the shares covered by the rescission offer to
rescind the underlying securities transactions and sell those securities back to the Company or
recover damages, as the case may be.
The rescission offer concluded on January 20, 2006. As of that date, 14 offerees accepted the
Company’s offer to rescind the purchase of approximately 7,300 shares. The Company made aggregate
payments to such offerees of approximately $41,500, which included approximately $31,800 for the
purchase of the shares and approximately $9,700 in statutory interest and damages. As a result of
the rescission offer, the Company believes it has extinguished its state rescission liability and
mitigated its federal rescission liability to anyone to whom the rescission offer was made for
noncompliance with the registration or qualification requirements of federal and state securities
laws as they relate to the shares issued under the ESPP. Upon the close of the rescission offer,
the Company reclassified the remainder of
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
the common stock subject to rescission which totaled $1,018,000 as additional paid-in capital in
permanent equity.
(7) STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Stock Options
During the year ended October 31, 1998, the Company adopted the 1998 Stock Option Plan (the
“1998 Plan”) that provided for the granting of nonqualified stock options to purchase shares of
common stock. On December 1, 1999, the Company’s board of directors approved the 1999 Omnibus
Stock Incentive Plan (the “1999 Plan”), which was intended to serve as the successor equity
incentive program to the 1998 Plan. The 1999 Plan allows for the grant of awards in the form of
incentive and non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, phantom
stock and stock bonuses. Awards may be granted to individuals in the Company’s employ or service.
On May 16, 2003, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2002 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan
(the “2002 Plan”) upon the recommendation of the board of directors. The 2002 Plan permits the
award of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, phantom stock rights, and
stock bonuses. Stock options may have an exercise price equal to, less than, or greater than the
fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant, except that the exercise price of
incentive stock options must be equal to or greater than the fair market value of the common stock
as of the date of grant.
On April 20, 2004, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2004 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan
(the “2004 Plan”) upon the recommendation of the board of directors. The 2004 Plan allows for the
award of up to 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock and permits the award of stock
options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, phantom stock rights, and stock bonuses. The
2004 Plan incorporates an evergreen formula pursuant to which on each November 1, the aggregate
number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2004 Plan will increase by a number of shares
equal to 3% of the outstanding shares on the day preceding (October 31). The 2004 Plan is
administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s board of directors. The Compensation
Committee has the ability to determine the terms of the option, the exercise price, the number of
shares subject to each option, and the exercisability of the options. Stock options may have an
exercise price equal to, less than, or greater than the fair market value of the common stock on
the date of grant, except that the exercise price of incentive stock options must be equal to or
greater than the fair market value of the common stock as of the date of grant. Shares issued
pursuant to the 2004 Plan may be authorized and unissued shares, treasury shares or shares acquired
by the Company for purposes of the 2004 Plan.
Under the terms of the 1998, 1999, 2002 and 2004 Plans, options generally expire 10 years from
the date of grant or within 90 days of termination. Options granted under these plans generally
vest at 25% after the completion of 1 year of service and then 1/36 per month for the remaining 3
years and would be fully vested at the end of 4 years.
The board may suspend, revise, terminate or amend any of the option plans at any time;
provided, however, that stockholder approval must be obtained if and to the extent that the board
deems it appropriate to satisfy Section 162(m) of the Code, Section 422 of the Code or the rules of
any stock exchange on which the common stock is listed. No action under the option plans may,
without the consent of the participant, reduce the participant’s rights under any outstanding
award.
As of October 31, 2006, 249,000 shares were available for issuance under the 1999 Plan,
471,000 shares were available for issuance under the 2002 Plan, and 433,000 shares were available
for issuance under the 2004 Plan. A summary of stock option activity under the 1998, 1999, 2002,
and 2004 Plans for the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 is as follows:
The weighted average fair value of options granted for the years ended October 31, 2006,
2005 and 2004 was $3.84, $4.40 and $7.31, respectively. The intrinsic value of all options
exercised for the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 was approximately $87,000, $379,000
and $4,856,000, respectively.
During the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, the Company did not grant any stock
options with exercise prices that were less than the quoted market price of the Company’s common
stock. A summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable under the Company’s 1998, 1999, 2002
and 2004 Plans as of October 31, 2006 is as follows:
Options Outstanding
Options Exercisable
Weighted
Weighted
Weighted
Average
Average
Average
Options
Contractual
Exercise
Options
Exercise
Exercise Prices
Outstanding
Life
Price
Exercisable
Price
$0.76 - $1.12
1,186,000
5.52
years
$
0.88
1,036,000
$
0.90
$1.52 - $3.78
1,405,000
8.03
3.12
525,000
2.20
$3.93 – $4.85
1,273,000
8.08
4.38
666,000
4.39
$4.86 - $28.00
857,000
7.27
9.83
572,000
11.24
4,721,000
7.27
years
$
4.12
2,799,000
$
4.09
As of October 31, 2006, the aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and options
exercisable was approximately $2,218,000 and $1,934,000, respectively. On November 13, 2006,
options to acquire approximately 869,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were granted to
executives and employees of the Company.
2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended, is designed to allow eligible employees of
the Company and its participating subsidiaries to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, at
semi-annual intervals, through periodic payroll deductions. A participant may contribute up to 10%
of his or her cash earnings through payroll deductions and the accumulated payroll deductions will
be applied to the purchase of shares on the participant’s behalf on each semi-annual purchase date
(the last business day in May and November). The purchase price per share will be 85% of the lower
of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the participant’s entry date into the
offering period or the fair market value on the semi-annual purchase date. Effective for the
purchase period beginning
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
December 1, 2005, the look-back period for the plan was reduced from 24 months to 6 months.
The board may at any time amend or modify the plan. The plan will terminate no later than the last
business day in April 2010.
During the year ended October 31, 2006, approximately 180,000 shares were purchased at prices
ranging from $3.38 to $3.54 per share. During the year ended October 31, 2005, approximately
213,000 shares were purchased at prices ranging from $3.38 to $3.52 per share. During the year
ended October 31, 2004, 691,000 shares were purchased at prices ranging from $0.66 to $5.21 per
share.
Stock-based Compensation
Prior to October 31, 2005, as permitted under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
(“SFAS”) No. 123, the Company accounted for its stock option plans following the recognition and
measurement principles of Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock
Issued to Employees,” and related interpretations. Accordingly, no stock-based compensation
expense was reflected in the Company’s statements of operations as all options granted had an
exercise price equal to the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant and
the related number of shares granted was fixed at that point in time.
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 123(R),
“Share Based Payment.” This statement revised SFAS No. 123 by eliminating the option to account
for employee stock options under APB No. 25 and requiring companies to recognize the cost of
employee services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments based on the grant-date
fair value of those awards.
Effective November 1, 2005, the Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS
No. 123(R) using the modified prospective application method. Under this transition method, the
Company recorded compensation expense on a straight-line basis for: (a) the vesting of options
granted prior to November 1, 2005 (based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with
the original provisions of SFAS No. 123, and previously presented in the pro-forma footnote
disclosures), and (b) stock-based awards granted subsequent to November 1, 2005 (based on the
grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R)). In
accordance with the modified prospective application method, operating results for the years ended
October 31, 2005 and 2004 have not been restated.
The effect of accounting for stock-based awards under SFAS No. 123(R) for the year ended
October 31, 2006 was to record $1,802,000 of stock-based compensation expense. For the years ended
October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, the Company has allocated stock-based compensation expense to the
following statement of operations captions:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
As of October 31, 2006, the total compensation cost related to non-vested stock options
not yet recognized was approximately $3,046,000 and the weighted-average period over which the
total compensation cost related to non-vested stock options is expected to be realized is 2.65
years.
The following pro-forma information, as required by SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation-Transition and Disclosure, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123,” is presented for
comparative purposes and illustrates the effect on net loss and net loss per common share for the
years ended October 31, 2005 and 2004, as if the Company had applied the fair value recognition
provisions of SFAS No. 123 to stock-based employee compensation prior to November 1, 2005:
2005
2004
Net loss:
As reported
$
(10,726,000
)
$
(16,227,000
)
Stock-based compensation included in reported net loss
22,000
919,000
Stock-based compensation under fair value method
(1,880,000
)
(2,082,000
)
Pro forma net loss
$
(12,584,000
)
$
(17,390,000
)
Net loss per basic and diluted common share:
As reported
$
(0.60
)
$
(1.07
)
Pro forma
$
(0.70
)
$
(1.15
)
With respect to stock options granted during the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and
2004, the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model are as follows:
2006
2005
2004
Risk-free interest rate
4.8
%
3.9
%
2.8
%
Expected dividend yield
0.0
%
0.0
%
0.0
%
Volatility
66.2
%
63.4
%
79.5
%
Expected exercise life (in years)
5.0
2.7
3.0
The estimated fair value of stock options and ESPP shares are amortized over the vesting
period of the award.
Repurchase of Common Stock
On March 10, 2004, the Company’s board of directors authorized management, in its discretion,
to purchase up to 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock over the 24-month period following
March 10, 2004, the time at which the repurchase program was effective. Any repurchased shares
will be held in treasury and will be available for general corporate purposes. The repurchase
program will allow the Company to repurchase its shares from time to time in accordance with the
requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission on the open market, in block trades and in
privately negotiated transactions, depending on market conditions and other factors. During the
year ended October 31, 2004, the Company purchased approximately 290,000 shares of its common stock
at a total cost of approximately $2,414,000. The Company did not purchase any shares of its common
stock during the year ended October 31, 2005. As discussed in more detail in Note 6, during the
year ended October 31, 2006, the Company purchased 7,309 shares of its common stock at a total cost
of approximately $31,800 in connection with its rescission offer.
Stockholder Rights Plan
On August 10, 2004, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a Stockholder Rights Plan (the
“Rights Plan”) designed to deter coercive takeover tactics, including accumulation of shares in the
open market or through private transactions and to prevent an acquirer from gaining control of the
Company without offering a fair price to all of the Company’s stockholders.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Under the terms of the Rights Plan, Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock purchase
rights were distributed as a dividend at the rate of one right for each share of common stock of
the Company held by stockholders of record as of the close of business on August 30, 2004. The
Rights Plan would be triggered if a person or group acquired beneficial ownership of 15% or more of
the Company’s common stock other than pursuant to a board-approved tender or exchange offer or
commences, or publicly announces an intention to commence, a tender or exchange offer upon
consummation of which such person or group would beneficially own 15% or more of the Company’s
common stock. The value of the purchase rights is immaterial as of October 31, 2006.
Change in Control Agreements
On December 10, 2004, the Company entered into Change in Control Agreements with the following
officers: Darl C. McBride; Bert B. Young; Christopher Sontag; Jeff F. Hunsaker; and Ryan E.
Tibbitts (each, an “Officer”). In addition, on January 23, 2006, the Company entered into Change
in Control Agreements with two additional officers: Timothy Negris and Sandeep Gupta.
Pursuant to the terms of each Agreement, the Officer agrees that he will not voluntarily leave
the employ of the Company in the event any individual, corporation, partnership, company or other
entity takes certain steps to effect a Change in Control (as defined in the Agreement) of the
Company, until the attempt to effect a Change in Control has terminated, or until a Change in
Control occurs.
If the Officer is still employed by the Company when a Change in Control occurs, any stock,
stock option or restricted stock granted to the Officer by the Company that would have become
vested upon continued employment by the Officer shall immediately vest in full and become
exercisable notwithstanding any provision to the contrary of such grant and shall remain
exercisable until it expires or terminates in accordance with its terms. Each Officer shall be
solely responsible for any taxes that arise or become due pursuant to the acceleration of vesting
that occurs pursuant to the Agreement. The adoption of this provision represented a modification
to the underlying stock option award for each Officer. In accordance with FASB Interpretation No.
44, “Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation,”the Company calculated the
intrinsic value of the awards on the modification date which was approximately $2,012,000. No
expense was recognized during the year ended October 31, 2005 and no expense will be recognized
until such time that a Change in Control becomes probable.
On October 20, 2005, the Company’s Board of Directors approved 12 months of vesting on stock
option awards for employees who are non-executives in the event of a Change in Control. The
adoption of this provision represents a modification to the underlying stock option award and the
Company calculated the intrinsic value of the awards on the modification date, which value was
approximately $70,000. No expense was recognized during the year ended October 31, 2005 and no
expense will be recognized until such time that a Change in Control becomes probable.
(8) INCOME TAXES
The net loss before income taxes consisted of the following components for the years ended
October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The components of the provision for income taxes for the years ended October 31, 2006,
2005 and 2004 are as follows:
2006
2005
2004
Current:
U.S. state
$
—
$
—
$
27,000
Non – U.S.
91,000
273,000
1,368,000
91,000
273,000
1,395,000
Deferred:
U.S. federal
(6,221,000
)
(2,250,000
)
(13,248,000
)
U.S. state
(925,000
)
(334,000
)
(499,000
)
Change in valuation allowance
7,146,000
2,584,000
13,747,000
Total provision for income taxes
$
91,000
$
273,000
$
1,395,000
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences
between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. They are measured by
applying the enacted tax rates and laws in effect for the years in which such differences are
expected to reverse.
The significant components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities at
October 31, 2006 and 2005 are as follows:
2006
2005
Deferred income tax assets:
Net operating loss carry-forwards
$
62,624,000
$
55,917,000
Intangible assets
7,315,000
6,486,000
Tax basis in excess of book basis related to acquired assets
3,620,000
4,118,000
Reserves and accrued expenses
758,000
1,502,000
Stock compensation
697,000
—
Book depreciation in excess of tax
351,000
373,000
Deferred revenue
286,000
284,000
Basis difference in investments
260,000
138,000
Capital loss carry-forward
474,000
474,000
Total deferred income tax assets
76,385,000
69,292,000
Deferred tax liabilities:
Tax on foreign earnings
—
(53,000
)
Total deferred income tax liabilities
—
(53,000
)
Valuation allowance
(76,385,000
)
(69,239,000
)
Net deferred income tax assets
$
—
$
—
The amount, and ultimate realization, of the deferred income tax assets is dependent, in
part, upon the tax laws in effect, the Company’s future earnings, if any, and other future events,
the effects of which cannot be determined. The Company has established a full valuation allowance
against its net deferred income tax assets. Management believes that as of October 31, 2006, the
available objective evidence creates sufficient uncertainty regarding the ultimate realizability of
these deferred income tax assets, that it is more likely than not that those assets will not be
realized. As of October 31, 2006, the Company has used the enacted federal statutory rate of 35%
because the benefit of the deferred income tax assets, if utilized, will likely be realized at 35%.
As of October 31, 2006, the Company had net operating loss carry-forwards for federal income
tax reporting purposes totaling approximately $162,112,000 that expire between 2020 and 2026.
Approximately $19,488,000 of this amount is a result of the exercise of employee stock options.
When recognized, the tax benefit of these exercises will be accounted for as a credit to additional
paid-in capital.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Internal Revenue Code contains provisions under Section 382 which limit the Company’s
ability to utilize net operating loss carry-forwards in the event that the Company has experienced
a more than 50% change in ownership over a 3-year period. Current estimates prepared by the
Company indicate that due to ownership changes which have occurred, approximately $130,736,000 of
the net operating losses are currently subject to an annual limitation of $3,041,000, but may be
further limited by additional ownership changes which may occur in the future. As stated above,
the net operating loss carry-forwards expire between 2020 and 2026, allowing the Company to utilize
approximately $60,820,000 of the limited net operating loss carry-forwards over a 20-year period.
The balance of the net operating loss carry-forwards of approximately $31,376,000 is not currently
subject to a limitation, but if ownership changes occur in the future, this amount may be subject
to additional limitations under Section 382.
The differences between the provision for income taxes at the U.S. statutory rate and the
Company’s effective tax rate are as follows:
2006
2005
2004
Benefit at statutory rate
(35.0
%)
(35.0
%)
(34.0
%)
Permanent book to tax differences
0.2
%
0.2
%
1.9
%
Foreign income taxes
0.5
%
2.6
%
6.4
%
Change in fair value of derivative
0.0
%
0.0
%
(9.1
%)
Change in valuation allowance
34.8
%
34.8
%
41.2
%
Total provision for income taxes
0.5
%
2.6
%
6.4
%
(9) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
IBM Corporation
On or about March 6, 2003, the Company filed a civil complaint against IBM. The case is
pending in the United States District Court for the District of Utah, under the title The SCO
Group, Inc. v. International Business Machines Corporation, Civil No. 2:03CV0294. In this action,
the Company claims that IBM breached its UNIX source code licenses (both the IBM and Sequent
Computer Systems, Inc. “Sequent” licenses) by disclosing restricted information concerning the UNIX
source code and derivative works and related information in connection with its efforts to promote
the Linux operating system. The Company’s complaint includes, among other things, claims for
breach of contract, unfair competition, tortious interference and copyright infringement. The
Company is seeking damages in an amount to be proven at trial and seeking injunctive relief.
On or about March 6, 2003, the Company notified IBM that IBM was not in compliance with the
Company’s UNIX source code license agreement and on or about June 13, 2003, the Company delivered
to IBM a notice of termination of that agreement, which underlies IBM’s AIX software. On or about
August 11, 2003, the Company sent a similar notice terminating the Sequent source code license.
IBM disputes the Company’s right to terminate those licenses. In the event the Company’s
termination of those licenses is valid, the Company believes IBM is exposed to substantial damages
and injunctive relief claims based on its continued use and distribution of the AIX operating
system. On June 9, 2003, Novell sent the Company a notice purporting to waive the Company’s claims
against IBM regarding its license breaches. The Company does not believe that Novell had the right
to take any such action relative to the Company’s UNIX source code rights.
On February 27, 2004, the Company filed a second amended complaint which alleges 9 causes of
action that are similar to those set forth above, adds a new claim for copyright infringement, and
removes
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
the claim for misappropriation of trade secrets. IBM filed an answer and 14 counterclaims. Among
other things, IBM has asserted that the Company does not have the right to terminate IBM’s UNIX
license and IBM has claimed that the Company has breached the GNU General Public License and has
infringed certain patents held by IBM. IBM’s counterclaims include claims for breach of contract,
violation of the Lanham Act, unfair competition, intentional interference with prospective economic
relations, unfair and deceptive trade practices, promissory estoppel, patent infringement and a
declaratory judgment claim for non-infringement of copyrights. On October 6, 2005, IBM voluntarily
dismissed with prejudice its claims for patent infringement.
On December 22, 2005, the Company filed a voluminous report detailing IBM’s misuse of the
Company’s proprietary material. The Company’s December 2005 report included 293 total disclosures
which the Company claims violate its contractual rights and copyrights. These reports and the
disclosures identified are the result of analysis from experienced outside technical consultants.
On February 13, 2006, IBM filed a motion with the court seeking to limit the Company’s claims
as set forth in the December 2005 report. IBM argued that of the 293 items we had identified, 201
did not meet the level of specificity required by the court. IBM requested that the Company be
limited to 93 items set forth in the December 2005 filing which IBM claims meet the required level
of specificity. On June 28, 2006, the Magistrate Judge issued a ruling striking over 180 of the
Company’s technology disclosures from the case. This ruling is a limitation of the number of
technology disclosures the Company challenged in its December 2005 filing, but means that over 100
of the challenged items remain in the case. On July 13, 2006, the Company filed objections to the
Magistrate Judge’s order with the District Court; those objections challenge the process and the
result embodied in the Magistrate Judge’s order. On November 29, 2006, the District Court issued a
ruling sustaining in full the Magistrate Judge’s ruling of June 28, 2006.
On June 8, 2006, IBM filed a motion to confine the Company’s claims to, and strike allegations
in excess of, the final disclosures. In this motion, IBM claims that the Company’s technology
expert reports go beyond the disclosures contained in the Company’s December 2005 submission to the
Court and that those expert reports should be restricted to that extent. On December 21, 2006, the
Magistrate Judge granted IBM’s motion. The Company has filed objections to that order with the
District Court.
Both parties have filed expert reports and substantially finished expert discovery. IBM has
filed 6 motions for summary judgment that, if granted in whole or in substantial part, could
resolve the Company’s claims in IBM’s favor or
substantially reduce our claims. The Company has filed 3 motions for summary judgment.
The summary judgment motions are set to be heard by the Court in March 2007 and a trial date has
been postponed until sometime after September 2007.
Novell, Inc.
On January 20, 2004, the Company filed suit in Utah state court against Novell, Inc. for
slander of title seeking relief for its alleged bad faith effort to interfere with the Company’s
ownership of copyrights related to the Company’s UNIX source code and derivative works and the
Company’s UnixWare product. The case is pending in the United States District Court for the
District of Utah under the caption, The SCO Group, Inc. v. Novell, Inc., Civil No. 2:04CV00139. In
the lawsuit, the Company requested preliminary and permanent injunctive relief as well as damages.
Through these claims, the Company seeks to require Novell to assign to the Company all copyrights
that the Company believes Novell has wrongfully registered, to prevent Novell from claiming any
ownership interest in those copyrights, and to require Novell to retract or withdraw all
representations it has made regarding its purported ownership of those copyrights and UNIX itself.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Novell filed two motions to dismiss claiming, among other things, that Novell’s false
statements were not uttered with malice and are privileged under the law. The court denied both of
Novell’s motions to dismiss. On July 29, 2005, Novell filed its answer and counterclaims against
the Company, asserting counterclaims for the Company’s alleged breaches of the Asset Purchase
Agreement between Novell and the Company’s predecessor-in-interest, The Santa Cruz Operation, for
slander of title, restitution/unjust enrichment, an accounting related to Novell’s retained binary
royalty stream, and for declaratory relief regarding Novell’s alleged rights under the Asset
Purchase Agreement. On or about December 30, 2005, the Company filed a motion for leave to amend
its complaint to assert additional claims against Novell including copyright infringement, unfair
competition and a breach of Novell’s limited license to use the Company’s UNIX code. Novell
consented to the Company’s filing of these additional claims.
On or about April 10, 2006, Novell filed a motion to stay the case in Utah pending a request
for arbitration that Novell and SuSE Linux, GmbH (“SuSE”) filed on the same date in the
International Court of Arbitration in France. Through these proceedings, Novell claims that the
Company granted SuSE the right to use its intellectual property through the Company’s participation
in the UnitedLinux initiative in 2002 and through its acquisition of SuSE, Novell acquired SuSE’s
rights as a member of UnitedLinux. On August 21, 2006, the District Court ordered that portions of
claims relating to the SuSE arbitration should be stayed but the other portions of claims in the
case should proceed. Trial for the remaining matters has been set for September 2007.
The three-person arbitration panel has been selected for the SuSE arbitration in Switzerland,
and that process has commenced. The arbitration has been set for December 2007. The proceedings
in early 2007 will determine the scope of the arbitration.
In September 2006, Novell filed an Amended Counterclaim asserting 9 claims for relief
including, among other things, claims for slander of title, breach of contract, declaratory relief
and claims for an accounting, and for a constructive trust over certain revenue we collected from
Sun and Microsoft in 2003. Novell has moved for a preliminary injunction and partial summary
judgment. We have opposed these filings and filed a cross-motion for partial summary judgment.
Those motions were argued on January 23, 2007, before the District Court in Utah and as of the date
of the filing of this Form 10-K, no ruling had been made. If Novell prevails on these motions,
some or all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents could be encumbered.
IPO Class Action Matter
The Company is an issuer defendant in a series of class action lawsuits involving over 300
issuers that have been consolidated under In re Initial Public Offering Securities Litigation, 21
MC 92 (SAS). The consolidated complaint alleges, among other things, certain improprieties
regarding the underwriters’ conduct during the Company’s initial public offering and the failure to
disclose such conduct in the registration statement in violation of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended. Class standing was certified for all of these cases by the district court.
The plaintiffs, the issuers and the insurance companies negotiated and executed an agreement
to settle the dispute between the plaintiffs and the issuers. While the settlement agreement was
awaiting approval by the district court, the court of appeals overturned the class certification on
December 5, 2006. It is unlikely a settlement of a class action can remain effective as the class
is de-certified. If the decision by the court of appeals is not reversed, the Company does not
believe the settlement will stand, and it is possible the lawsuit may fragment into individual
actions. At this time, the Company does not know and cannot predict the legal or procedural
results of such an action. If the de-certification is reversed, and if thereafter the settlement
agreement is approved by the court, and if no cross-claims, counterclaims or third-party claims are
later asserted, this action will be dismissed with respect to the Company and its
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
directors. If the settlement agreement is not approved by the court, the matter will continue
unless another settlement agreement is reached.
The Company has notified its underwriters and insurance companies of the existence of the
claims. Management presently believes, after consultation with legal counsel, that the ultimate
outcome of this matter will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of
operations or financial position and will not exceed the $200,000 self-insured retention already
paid or accrued by the Company.
Red Hat, Inc.
On August 4, 2003, Red Hat, Inc. filed a complaint against the Company. The action is pending
in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware under the case caption, Red Hat,
Inc. v. The SCO Group, Inc., Civil No. 03-772. Red Hat asserts that the Linux operating system
does not infringe on the Company’s UNIX intellectual property rights and seeks a declaratory
judgment for non-infringement of copyrights and no misappropriation of trade secrets. In addition,
Red Hat claims the Company has engaged in false advertising in violation of the Lanham Act,
deceptive trade practices, unfair competition, tortious interference with prospective business
opportunities, trade libel and disparagement. On April 6, 2004, the court denied the Company’s
motion to dismiss this case; however, the court stayed the case and requested status reports every
90 days regarding the case against IBM. Red Hat filed a motion for reconsideration, which the
court denied on March 31, 2005. The Company intends to vigorously defend this action. In the
event the stay is lifted and Red Hat is allowed to pursue its claims, the Company will likely
assert counterclaims against Red Hat.
Other Matters
In April 2003, the Company’s former Indian distributor filed a claim in India, requesting
summary judgment for payment of approximately $1,428,000, and an order that the Company trade in
India only through the distributor and/or give a security deposit until the claim is paid. The
distributor claims that the Company is responsible to repurchase certain software products and to
reimburse the distributor for certain other operating costs. Management does not believe that the
Company is responsible to reimburse the distributor for any operating costs and also believes that
the return rights related to any remaining inventory have lapsed. The distributor additionally
requested that the Indian courts grant interim relief in the form of attachment of local assets.
These requests for interim relief have failed in the court, and discovery has commenced and
hearings on the main claims have been held and are ongoing. The Company intends to vigorously
defend this action.
Pursuit and defense of the above-mentioned matters will be costly, and management expects the
costs for legal fees and related expenses will be substantial. A material, negative impact on the
Company’s results of operations or financial position from the Red Hat, Inc., IPO Class Action, or
Indian Distributor matters, or the IBM or Novell counterclaims is neither probable nor estimable.
The Company is a party to certain other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of
business. Management believes, after consultation with legal counsel, that the ultimate outcome of
these legal proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of
operations, financial position or liquidity.
Operating Lease Agreements
The Company has entered into operating leases for its offices located in the United
States and for international sales offices. The Company has commitments under these leases that
extend through the year ending October 31, 2008.
Total rent expense for all of the Company’s operating leases was $1,618,000, $1,698,000
and $3,097,000 for the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Contingency Arrangement with Law Firms
On October 31, 2004, the Company entered into an engagement agreement (the “Engagement
Agreement”) with Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP, Kevin McBride and Berger Singerman (the “Law
Firms”). This Engagement Agreement supercedes and replaces the original engagement agreement that
was entered into in February 2003. The Engagement Agreement governs the relationship between the
Company and the Law Firms in connection with their representation of the Company in the Company’s
current litigation between it and IBM, Novell, Red Hat, AutoZone and DaimlerChrysler (the “SCO
Litigation”). The Company must pay one or more contingency fees upon any amount the Company or its
stockholders may receive as a result of a settlement, judgment or a sale of the Company. The
contingency fee amounts payable to the Law Firms will be, subject to certain credits and
adjustments, as follows:
•
33 percent of any aggregate recovery amounts received up to $350,000,000;
•
plus 25 percent of any aggregate recovery amounts above $350,000,000 but less than or
equal to $700,000,000;
•
plus 20 percent of any aggregate recovery amounts in excess of $700,000,000.
The Engagement Agreement specifically provides that, except for the compensation obligations
specifically described above, the Company will not be obligated to pay any legal fees, whether
hourly, contingent or otherwise, to the Law Firms, or any other law firms that may be engaged by
the Law Firms, in connection with the Company’s SCO Litigation through the end of the current
litigation between it and IBM, including any appeals.
(10) RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Effective March 11, 2005, Canopy transferred all of its shares of the Company’s common stock
to Ralph Yarro, the Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors, and as of that time the Company
is no longer a related party to Canopy.
On April 30, 2003, the Company and Center 7, Inc. (“C7”) entered into a Marketing and
Distribution Master Agreement (the “Marketing Agreement”) and an Assignment Agreement. On October2, 2003, C7 assigned the Assignment Agreement to Vintela, Inc. (“Vintela”) and Vintela and the
Company entered into a new marketing agreement (the “Vintela Agreement”). Both C7 and Vintela were
majority owned by Canopy. Under the Vintela Agreement, the Company was appointed as a worldwide
distributor for Vintela products to co-brand, market and distribute these products.
Under the Assignment Agreement, the Company assigned the copyright applications, patents and
contracts related to Volution Manager, Volution Authentication, Volution Online and Volution
Manager Update Service (collectively, the “Assigned Software”). As consideration for this
assignment, C7 issued, and Vintela assumed, a $500,000 non-recourse promissory note payable to the
Company,
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
secured by the Assigned Software. This note was originally due on April 30, 2005 with
interest payable at a rate of 1% above the prime rate as reported in the Wall Street Journal.
In late November 2004, the Company entered into discussions with Vintela with respect to the
cancellation of the Marketing Agreement and repayment of the Note. It was later agreed that once
Vintela had received funding from an outside third party, the Company would forego any interest
charges on the promissory note in return for an immediate payment of the $500,000. On December 9,2004, the Company received the $500,000 payment from Vintela and forgave the outstanding interest
charges associated with the promissory note.
At the time the promissory note was executed, the Company had no recorded basis in the
Assigned Software. Because the transfer of the Assigned Software was to a related party in
exchange for a promissory note and there was substantial doubt concerning the ability of C7 to
repay the debt as it was not profitable and being funded by Canopy, no gain was recognized by the
Company until payment was received on December 9, 2004. The Company recorded the $500,000 received
as a component of other income in its statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the year
ended October 31, 2005.
Kevin McBride is a licensed attorney working on the SCO Litigation as part of the Engagement
Agreement and is also the brother of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Darl McBride. During
the years ended October 31, 2006 and 2005, Kevin McBride’s legal fees were paid by Boies, Schiller
& Flexner. Prior to October 31, 2004, Kevin McBride’s costs for both legal fees and reimbursable
expenses were paid by Boies, Schiller & Flexner in connection with the initial engagement
agreement.
As part of the Engagement Agreement entered into on October 31, 2004, the Company started
paying directly to Kevin McBride reimbursable expenses associated with the SCO Litigation, which
primarily included document management, outsourced technical and litigation assistance, and travel
expenses. During the years ended October 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company incurred expenses of
approximately $562,000 and $323,000, respectively, to reimburse the expenses to Kevin McBride.
(11) EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN
The Company maintains a 401(k) plan to which eligible participants may elect to make
contributions, subject to certain limitations under the Internal Revenue Code. Under the terms of
the plan, the Company may make discretionary matching contributions up to predetermined limits to
partially match employee contributions to the plan. During the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005
and 2004, the Company contributed $136,000, $208,000 and $217,000, respectively, to the plan for
matching contributions.
(12) CONCENTRATION OF RISK
As of October 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company had no customers who made up more than 10% of the
year-end accounts receivable balance.
During the years ended October 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, the Company did not have any single
customer that accounted for more than 10% of total revenue.
(13) SEGMENT INFORMATION AND GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS
Segments
The Company’s resources are allocated and operating results managed to the operating income
(loss) level for each of the Company’s segments: UNIX and SCOsource. Both segments are based on
the Company’s UNIX intellectual property. The UNIX business sells and distributes UNIX products
and services through an extensive distribution channel and to corporate end-users and the SCOsource
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Intangible assets, which consist of the Company’s reseller channel, trade name and
technology, were assigned to the Company’s UNIX and SCOsource segments and consisted of the
following as of October 31, 2006 and 2005:
The Company’s two geographic regions consist of the Americas and International. The
International division consists of EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Africa) and Asia. Any
financial amounts not directly attributable to either the Americas or International geographic
region are included in the corporate column. The following tables present the Company’s results of
operations by geographic region:
Long-lived assets, which include property and equipment and intangible assets, by
geographic region consisted of the following as of October 31, 2006 and October 31, 2005:
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Under the supervision and with the
participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer,
we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and
procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange
Act”)). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and
procedures were effective.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting. During the most recent fiscal quarter
covered by this report, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting
(as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
The information required by this item concerning our directors and executives officers is
incorporated by reference to the sections captioned “Election of Directors”, “Executive Officers”
and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” appearing in the definitive proxy
statement to be delivered to stockholders in connection with the 2007 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”). Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to all employees, including employees of our
subsidiaries, as well as each member of our Board of Directors. The code of ethics is available at
our website at www.sco.com.
We intend to satisfy any disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding an
amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of this code of ethics by posting such information on our
website, at the address specified above.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information with respect to this item is set forth under “Historical Compensation of the
Company” in the Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder
Matters
Information with respect to this item is set forth under “Security Ownership of Certain
Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated herein
by reference.
Information regarding our equity compensation plans, including both stockholder approved plans
and non-stockholder approved plans, is set forth in the section entitled “Equity Compensation Plan
Information” in the Proxy Statement, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
Information with respect to this item is set forth under “Certain Relationships and Related
Party Transactions” in the Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Information with respect to this item is set forth under “Principal Accountant Fees and
Services” and “Pre-Approval Policies” in the Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated
herein by reference.
PART IV.
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this report:
(1)
Consolidated Financial Statements: See Index to Consolidated Financial
Statements at Item 8 on page 39 of this report.
(2)
Financial Statement Schedule: See Index to Consolidated Financial
Statements at Item 8 on page 39 of this report.
Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among Caldera Systems,
Inc., Caldera International, Inc., now known as The SCO Group, Inc.
(the “Registrant”), and The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc., and related
amendments (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the
Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No.
333-45936)).
Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation regarding consolidation of outstanding shares
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s
Registration Statement on Form 8-A12G/A (File No. 000-29911)).
3.3
Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation regarding change of name to The SCO Group, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s
Registration Statement on Form 8-A12G/A (File No. 000-29911)).
Certificate of Designation of Series A Junior Participating
Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the
Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 1, 2004
(File No. 000-29911)).
3.6
Certificate of Correction correcting the Certificate of Designation
of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form
8-K filed on September 1, 2004 (File No. 000-29911)).
Amendment No. 1 to 1998 Stock Option Plan. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2004 (File No.
000-29911).
1999 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated by
reference to Exhibits 10.4 through 10.8 of the Registrant’s
Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-45936)).
10.5*
Amendment No. 5 to 1999 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2004 (File No.
000-29911).
10.6*
Amendment No. 6 to 1999 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2004 (File No.
000-29911).
10.7*
Form Notice of Grant of Stock Options for 1999 Omnibus Stock
Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the
Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
October 31, 2004 (File No. 000-29911).
10.8*
2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant’s Registration
Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-45936)).
10.9*
Amendment No. 2 to 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2004 (File No.
000-29911).
10.10*
Amendment No. 3 to 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2004 (File No.
000-29911).
10.11*
Amendment No. 4 to 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report
on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2003 (File No.
000-29911)).
Form Notice of Grant of Stock Options for 2002 Omnibus Stock
Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the
Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 27, 2006
(File No. 000-29911).
Independent Contractor Agreement by and among the Registrant and S2
Strategic Consulting, LLC, dated July 1, 2003 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2003 (File No.
000-29911)).
Exchange Agreement dated as of February 5, 2004 among SCO, BayStar
Capital II, L.P. and Royal Bank of Canada (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.1 to SCO’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed
on February 9, 2004 (File No. 000-29911)).
Letter Agreement dated October 31, 2004 among Boies, Schiller &
Flexner LLP, Kevin McBride, Berger Singerman and SCO (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on
Form 8-K filed on November 4, 2004 (File No. 000-29911)).
10.34*
First Amendment to the Letter Agreement dated October 31, 2004
among The SCO Group, Inc., Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP, Kevin
McBride, and Berger Singerman (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
99.1 to SCO’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 8, 2006).
Form Notice of Grant of Stock Options for 2004 Omnibus Stock
Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to SCO’s
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 15, 2005 (File No.
000-29911)).
10.37*
Form of Executive Officer Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2005 (File No.
000-29911)).
America Sales Compensation Plan for Fiscal Year 2006 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on
Form 8-K filed on January 27, 2006 (File No. 000-29911)).
10.45*
Sales Compensation Plan for Fiscal Year 2007 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on
Form 8-K filed on November 17, 2006 (File No. 000-29911)).
Consent of Tanner LC, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
23.2
Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1
Certification of Darl C. McBride, President and Chief Executive
Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act,
as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
31.2
Certification of Bert B. Young, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant
to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as adopted
pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1
Certification of Darl C. McBride, President and Chief Executive
Officer, pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United
States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2
Certification of Bert B. Young, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant
to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*
These items identify a management contract or compensatory plan.
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the Registrant has duly caused the report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized, on January 26, 2007.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been
signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the
dates indicated.