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As Of Filer Filing As/For/On Docs:Pgs Issuer Agent 12/23/05 Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc S-1/A 7:193 Merrill Corp/New/- FA
Document/Exhibit Description Pages Size
1: S-1/A Pre-Effective Amendment to Registration Statement HTML 1,056K
(General Form)
2: EX-3.1 Articles of Incorporation/Organization or By-Laws HTML 81K
3: EX-3.2 Articles of Incorporation/Organization or By-Laws HTML 90K
4: EX-5.1 Opinion re: Legality HTML 16K
5: EX-10.5 Material Contract HTML 107K
6: EX-10.6 Exhihit 10.6 HTML 145K
7: EX-23.1 Consent of Experts or Counsel HTML 7K
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 23, 2005
Registration No. 333-129221
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
AMENDMENT NO. 2
TO
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
CHIPOTLE MEXICAN GRILL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 5810 | 84-1219301 | ||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
(IRS Employer Identification Number) |
1543 Wazee Street, Suite 200
Denver, CO 80202
(303) 595-4000
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)
Montgomery F. Moran
Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc.
1543 Wazee Street, Suite 200
Denver, CO 80202
(303) 595-4000
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
| Janet L. Fisher, Esq. Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP One Liberty Plaza New York, NY 10006 (212) 225-2000 |
Bryant S. Messner, Esq. Messner & Reeves, LLC 1430 Wynkoop Street, Suite 400 Denver, CO 80202 (303) 623-1800 |
Bruce K. Dallas, Esq. Davis Polk & Wardwell 1600 El Camino Real Menlo Park, CA 94025 (650) 752-2000 |
Approximate
date of commencement of proposed sale of the securities to the public:
As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. o
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: o
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box: o
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
| Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered |
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(1) |
Amount of Registration fee |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, offered by the registrant | $100,000,000 | $11,770(3) | ||
| Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, offered by the selling shareholder | $49,500,000(2) | $5,296.50 | ||
The registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.
We intend to have two versions of our prospectus included in this registration statement. In addition to a paper version, when we amend this prospectus to include an anticipated price range, we plan to maintain an electronic version at www.chipotleipo.com. The electronic version will be identical to the paper version except that persons viewing the electronic version of our prospectus will be able to access a selection of our print, radio and television advertisements by following a link under the caption "Prospectus Summary." The script of these items and a description of the graphics used in them is provided in Annex A beginning on page A-1.
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not is an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
PROSPECTUS (Subject to Completion)
Issued December 23, 2005
7,878,788 Shares
CLASS A COMMON STOCK
Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. is offering 6,060,606 shares of our class A common stock and McDonald's Ventures, LLC, the selling shareholder, is offering 1,818,182 shares. This is our initial public offering and no public market exists for our shares. We anticipate that the initial public offering price will be between $15.50 and $17.50 per share.
We intend to apply to list our class A common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "CMG."
Investing in our class A common stock involves risks. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 10.
PRICE $ A SHARE
| |
Price to Public |
Underwriting Discounts and Commissions |
Proceeds to Chipotle |
Proceeds to Selling Shareholder |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Per share | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
The selling shareholder has granted the underwriters the right to purchase an additional 1,181,818 shares of class A common stock to cover over-allotments. The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock to purchasers on , 2006.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities regulators have not approved or disapproved these securities, or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
| MORGAN STANLEY | SG COWEN & CO. |
| BANC OF AMERICA SECURITIES LLC |
CITIGROUP |
JPMORGAN |
MERRILL LYNCH & CO. |
| A.G. EDWARDS |
RBC CAPITAL MARKETS |
SUNTRUST ROBINSON HUMPHREY |
WACHOVIA SECURITIES |
, 2006
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. No one is authorized to provide you with information that is different from that in this prospectus. We and the selling shareholder are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our class A common stock only where those offers and sales are permitted. The information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of when this prospectus is delivered or any sale of our class A common stock occurs.
Until , 2006 (25 days after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that buy, sell or trade our class A common stock, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers' obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
Neither we nor the selling shareholder has taken any action to permit a public offering of the shares of our class A common stock outside the United States or to permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the shares of our class A common stock and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.
When we amend this prospectus to include an anticipated price range, we plan to have a separate website, www.chipotleipo.com, where you can access an electronic version of our prospectus that includes samples of our print, radio and television advertisements.
Except as the context otherwise requires, "Chipotle," the "Company," "we," "our" or "us" refer to Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. "McDonald's" refers to McDonald's Corporation or, as the context requires, McDonald's Ventures, LLC.
"Chipotle," "Chipotle Mexican Grill," "Chipotle Mexican Grill (in stylized font)," "Unburritable," "Food With Integrity," "Fresh Is Not Enough Anymore," "The Gourmet Restaurant Where You Eat With Your Hands," the Chili Pepper Logo design, the Foil Burrito design and the Chipotle Medallion design are U.S. registered trademarks of Chipotle.
i
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. It does not contain all of the information that may be important to you in making your investment decision. You should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the section describing the risks of investing in our class A common stock entitled "Risk Factors" and our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus, before deciding to buy our class A common stock.
When a Chain Isn't a "Chain"
When Chipotle (pronounced chi-POAT-lay) opened its first store in 1993, the idea was simple: demonstrate that food served fast didn't have to be a "fast-food" experience. We use high-quality raw ingredients, classic cooking methods and a distinctive interior design, and have friendly people to take care of each customer—features that are more frequently found in the world of fine dining. When we opened, there wasn't an industry category to describe what we were doing. Some 12 years and more than 460 stores later, we compete in a category of dining now called "fast-casual," the fastest growing segment of the restaurant industry, where customers expect food quality that's more in line with full-service restaurants, coupled with the speed and convenience of fast food.
Our revenue was $470.7 million in 2004, a 130% increase from 2002 and a 49% increase from 2003, driven by new store openings and increased average store sales. Average store sales grew from $1,056,000 for 2002 to $1,274,000 for 2003, $1,361,000 for 2004 and $1,406,000 for the trailing 12-month period ended September 30, 2005, reflecting the growing consumer awareness of our brand. Strong growth in sales at stores open at least 13 full months, which we call comp store sales, is due mainly to an increase in the number of transactions processed at our registers. Our net income (loss) improved from a loss of $(7.7) million in 2003 to income of $6.1 million in 2004 and $33.4 million (inclusive of a non-recurring $20.3 million tax benefit) in the first nine months of 2005, and our earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, was $7.2 million in 2003, $27.9 million in 2004 and $43.7 million in the first nine months of 2005.
McDonald's, our management and a small number of outside investors currently own Chipotle. McDonald's interest is about 91% and, after the offering, we expect McDonald's will own about 88% of the combined voting power of our outstanding stock and 69% of the economic interest in our outstanding common stock.
What We Do Really Well
We try to do a few things really well, and we plan to keep this intentionally focused strategy as we grow. We elevate basic raw ingredients into food that's richer and more sophisticated through our recipes and cooking techniques. Similarly, our store design transforms simple materials in distinctive ways, giving our stores a style that's more architectural in nature and less dependent on standardized design elements. We respect our employees and invite them to share their ideas, which we think inspires them to take pride in their work and increases their dedication to our customers and our company.
"Food With Integrity"
Our focus has always been on using the kinds of higher-quality ingredients and cooking techniques used in high-end restaurants to make great food accessible at reasonable prices. But our vision has evolved. While using a variety of fresh ingredients remains the foundation of our menu, we believe that "fresh is not enough, anymore." Now we want to know where all of our ingredients come from, so that we can be sure they are as flavorful as possible while understanding the environmental and societal impact of our business. We call this idea "food with integrity," and it guides how we run our business.
We believe that our focus on "food with integrity" will resonate with customers as the public becomes increasingly aware of, and concerned about, what they eat.
Our Employees Set Us Apart
We believe that our front-line crew differentiates the Chipotle experience. Virtually all of what our crew does is in view of customers, and because the person who prepares the food is often the same person who serves it, our employees have a strong sense of pride in their work. We think this and our crew's commitment to our vision contribute to better execution and service and are reflected in our crew turnover rate, which we believe is lower than the average in our industry.
No Two Stores Are The Same
The design of each Chipotle store reflects the same idea as our food: a limited number of basic materials used in creative ways. We design each store individually to suit the space. Even the design of our chairs and artwork is unique to Chipotle. The design of our serving line and our open kitchens also exemplify our vision, demonstrating our commitment to cooking fresh food.
Customers Who Sell For Us
We believe the best and most recognizable brands aren't built through advertising or promotional campaigns alone, but rather through deeply held beliefs evident in how a company runs its business. By adhering to this principle, we believe that Chipotle is becoming a highly recognized brand. We believe the single greatest contributor to our success has been word-of-mouth, with our customers learning about us and telling others. For example, some of our customers have gone so far as to develop websites about Chipotle. Our advertising has a low-key and irreverent tone that has been popular with customers. Our approach has captured the attention of some of the country's most renowned news media, including the Washington Post, Food and Wine magazine, the New York Times, and several well-regarded food critics, which we think is unusual in our segment of the restaurant industry. If you are reading an electronic version of this prospectus, which is available at www.chipotleipo.com, click ‹here› for a selection of our print, radio and television advertisements.
Rapidly Improving Financial Performance
Our simple but effective approach has helped us build a sizeable and loyal customer base and resulted in rapidly improving financial performance over the last decade. Our revenue was $470.7 million in 2004, a 130% increase from 2002, driven by new store openings and increased average store sales. During 2002, 2003 and 2004, we opened 237 stores in total. Increases in average store sales have occurred partly because the time it takes for our new stores to achieve planned sales volumes, or ramp up, has consistently shortened as we've grown and customers have learned about our brand, enabling new stores to open with higher average sales. Average sales for new stores in the first 90 trading days increased 29.4% to $303,390
2
for stores opened in 2004 from $234,450 for stores opened in 2002. We've also had strong growth in comp store sales, due mainly to an increase in the number of transactions.
Management's Passion, Not Just Experience
Our senior management is comprised of people who bring a mix of restaurant and business experience to their work. But most importantly, the team is committed to making Chipotle's vision a part of all facets of our business. Steve Ells, our founder and Chief Executive Officer, holds a degree from the Culinary Institute of America. Monty Moran, our President and Chief Operating Officer, joined Chipotle in March 2005, previously serving as chief executive officer of a private law firm, and as general counsel of Chipotle for much of our history. Jack Hartung, our Chief Finance and Development Officer, joined Chipotle in 2002, after spending 18 years with McDonald's, where he held a variety of management positions, including vice president and chief financial officer for McDonald's Partner Brands group. Bob Wilner, our Chief Administrative Officer, joined Chipotle in 2002, and previously served as vice president of human resources for McDonald's Partner Brands group. Together, our senior management team will beneficially own about 5% of the combined voting power of our outstanding stock and 4% of the economic interest in our outstanding common stock after this offering.
Where We Go From Here
We believe that our growth has been driven by the appeal of our food, the clarity of our vision, the increasing strength of our brand and our commitment to constantly improving our customer experience. We anticipate that our growth plans for the foreseeable future will continue to be rooted in these fundamentals as we bring the Chipotle experience to more people.
Focusing On Our Vision to Appeal to Customers
Our menu is intentionally simple. By focusing on just a few menu items, we can concentrate our effort on doing a few things very well. We believe that by focusing on the details of quality, service and the Chipotle experience, we'll be able to bring great food and our vision to new customers and keep existing customers coming back. We believe that consumers' increasing concern about the food they eat will foster demand for higher-quality foods. We believe this, in turn, will attract the interest and capital investment of larger farms and suppliers, and help us make our food more accessible, although we'll continue to balance our interest in advancing "food with integrity" with our desire to provide great food at reasonable prices.
Expanding Our Operations and Sales
We plan to increase both sales and profits by opening new stores and increasing comp store sales:
3
Risks of Investing in Chipotle
Our business involves various risks, including the rapid increase in the number of our stores; various aspects of our relationship with McDonald's, including our ability to manage relationships and obtain services McDonald's currently manages or obtains on our behalf; our lack of independent operating history as a large company; our ability to continue to grow and to manage our growth effectively; our expansion into new markets; continued competitive pressures; health and safety concerns about the ingredients we use; credit and debit card fraud; sabotage of our information systems; and our ability to continue inspiring pride in our store managers and crews and to maintain our culture. In addition, McDonald's will continue to be able to exert a controlling influence over all matters requiring shareholder approval after the offering, including the election of directors and significant business transactions. You should carefully consider the risks discussed in "Risk Factors" before deciding to invest in our class A common stock.
Share Reclassification
Currently we have one class of common stock and three classes of preferred stock outstanding. Each share of our outstanding common stock and each share of our outstanding preferred stock will be reclassified into one-third of one share of class B common stock in connection with this offering, which will result in a decrease in the number of shares outstanding. We also plan to amend our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and increase our total authorized number of shares of capital stock. All of this will be effective when we complete this offering. After the offering, we will have no outstanding preferred stock and two classes of common stock. In this prospectus, we refer to all of these actions together as the "Reclassification." The Reclassification will take place immediately prior to the closing of this offering. Except where otherwise noted, the description of the terms of our charter documents in this prospectus reflects the terms of those documents as they will exist following the Reclassification. Throughout this prospectus, we have revised the per share data for common stock to reflect the effect of the one for three reverse common stock split that is a part of the Reclassification.
In this offering, both we and the selling shareholder are selling shares of class A common stock, which will have fewer votes per share than our class B common stock. Under the terms of our amended certificate of incorporation, one of the features of the class B common stock is that any holder of shares of class B common stock, including the selling shareholder, will have the right to convert those shares to shares of class A common stock at any time prior to a tax-free distribution of such shares to McDonald's shareholders (including a distribution in exchange for McDonald's shares or securities). In addition, prior to any such distribution, under the amended certificate of incorporation, shares of class B common stock can only be transferred to McDonald's or its subsidiaries, and any other transfer of such shares will result in the automatic conversion of those shares to shares of class A common stock without action by the transferor or transferee. Thus, although all of the shares that the selling shareholder will receive in connection with the Reclassification will be shares of class B common stock, any shares that investors will receive from the selling shareholder in the offering will be shares of class A common stock.
Future Dispositions
After the completion of this offering, McDonald's will beneficially own common stock representing 88% of the combined voting power of our outstanding stock and 69% of the economic interest in our outstanding common stock (or 87% and 65%, respectively, if the underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full). McDonald's has informed us that, at some time in the future, but no earlier than the expiration of the lock-up period, it may sell all or a portion of its ownership interest in us or may make a tax-free distribution to its shareholders of all or a portion of that interest, including a distribution in exchange for McDonald's shares or securities (or another similar transaction). Any such sale, distribution or exchange (or other similar transaction) would be subject to various conditions, including receipt of any necessary regulatory or other approvals, the existence of satisfactory market conditions, and, in the case of a tax-free transaction, McDonald's receipt of a private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue Service
4
and/or an opinion of counsel that such sale, distribution or exchange (or other similar transaction) would be tax-free to McDonald's and its shareholders. The conditions to such a sale, distribution or exchange (or other similar transaction) may not be satisfied, or McDonald's may decide not to consummate such a sale, distribution or exchange (or other similar transaction). McDonald's has no obligation to pursue or consummate any further dispositions of its ownership interest in us by any specified date or at all, whether or not these conditions are satisfied. A sale or other disposition of our common stock by McDonald's could depress the price of our class A common stock.
Incorporation and Principal Executive Offices
The first Chipotle restaurant opened in 1993. We have been a subsidiary of McDonald's since February 1998, and McDonald's beneficially owns about 91% of our voting stock. McDonald's acquired a controlling stake in us at the same time that our predecessor, World Foods Inc., a Colorado corporation formed in 1996, merged with Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc., a Delaware corporation. Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc., was the surviving entity in the merger. Our main office is located at 1543 Wazee Street, Suite 200, Denver, Colorado, and our telephone number is (303) 595-4000.
5
THE OFFERING
| Class A common stock offered by us | 6,060,606 shares | ||
Class A common stock offered by the selling shareholder |
1,818,182 shares |
||
Common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering: |
|||
Class A |
7,878,788 shares |
||
Class B |
24,615,831 shares |
||
Total |
32,494,619 shares |
||
Common stock voting rights: |
|||
Class A |
One vote per share, representing in aggregate 3% of the combined voting power of our outstanding stock. |
||
Class B |
Ten votes per share, representing in aggregate 97% of the combined voting power of our outstanding stock. |
||
Use of proceeds |
We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to repay the balance outstanding under our $30 million revolving line of credit with McDonald's, to provide additional long-term capital to support the growth of our business (primarily through opening new stores), to continue to maintain our existing stores and for general corporate purposes. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling shareholder. See "Use of Proceeds." |
||
Proposed New York Stock Exchange trading symbol |
CMG |
||
The numbers of shares of common stock that will be outstanding after this offering is based on 26,434,013 shares outstanding at December 15, 2005, including non-vested shares subject to forfeiture, after giving effect to the reclassification of each share of our outstanding common stock and each share of our outstanding preferred stock into one-third of one share of our class B common stock in the Reclassification, which will result in a decrease in the number of shares outstanding, and excludes:
Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus gives effect to the Reclassification and assumes no exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase up to an additional 1,181,818 shares of class A common stock from the selling shareholder to cover over-allotments.
6
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
Our summary consolidated financial data shown below should be read together with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, and the summary consolidated statements of operations data for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2005 and the balance sheet data at September 30, 2005 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods.
| |
Year Ended December 31, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2004 |
2005 |
||||||||||||
| |
(in thousands, except per share data, store data and percentages) |
||||||||||||||||
| Statements of Operations Data: | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | |||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant sales | $ | 203,892 | $ | 314,027 | $ | 468,579 | $ | 341,750 | $ | 452,593 | |||||||
| Franchise royalties and fees | 753 | 1,493 | 2,142 | 1,503 | 1,789 | ||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 204,645 | 315,520 | 470,721 | 343,253 | 454,382 | ||||||||||||
| Food, beverage and packaging costs | 67,681 | 104,921 | 154,148 | 111,414 | 146,863 | ||||||||||||
| Labor costs | 66,515 | 94,023 | 139,494 | 101,756 | 129,678 | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy costs | 18,716 | 25,570 | 36,190 | 26,192 | 34,517 | ||||||||||||
| Other operating costs | 29,791 | 43,527 | 64,274 | 46,108 | 59,408 | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 25,803 | 34,189 | 44,837 | 29,190 | 37,212 | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 11,260 | 15,090 | 21,802 | 15,807 | 20,392 | ||||||||||||
| Pre-opening costs | 1,022 | 1,631 | 2,192 | 1,561 | 1,247 | ||||||||||||
| Loss on disposal of assets | 1,489 | 4,504 | 1,678 | 1,364 | 1,806 | ||||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | 222,277 | 323,455 | 464,615 | 333,392 | 431,123 | ||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | (17,632 | ) | (7,935 | ) | 6,106 | 9,861 | 23,259 | ||||||||||
| Interest income | 444 | 249 | 211 | 172 | 23 | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (101 | ) | (28 | ) | (191 | ) | (191 | ) | (663 | ) | |||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | (17,289 | ) | (7,714 | ) | 6,126 | 9,842 | 22,619 | ||||||||||
| Benefit for income taxes(1) | — | — | — | — | 10,815 | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (17,289 | ) | $ | (7,714 | ) | $ | 6,126 | $ | 9,842 | $ | 33,434 | |||||
| Historical earnings per share(2) | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | (0.44 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.13 | $ | 0.42 | |||||
| Diluted | $ | (0.44 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.13 | $ | 0.42 | |||||
| Shares used in computing historical earnings (loss) per share(2) | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 39,324,552 | 46,683,077 | 76,362,851 | 75,530,424 | 78,842,039 | ||||||||||||
| Diluted | 39,324,552 | 46,683,077 | 76,560,424 | 75,727,997 | 78,986,898 | ||||||||||||
Adjusted earnings (loss) per common share(3): |
|||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | (1.32 | ) | $ | (0.50 | ) | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.39 | $ | 1.27 | |||||
| Diluted | $ | (1.32 | ) | $ | (0.50 | ) | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.39 | $ | 1.27 | |||||
Shares used in computing adjusted earnings (loss) per common share(3): |
|||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 13,108,184 | 15,561,026 | 25,454,284 | 25,176,808 | 26,280,680 | ||||||||||||
| Diluted | 13,108,184 | 15,561,026 | 25,520,142 | 25,242,665 | 26,328,966 | ||||||||||||
Selected Operating Data: |
|||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant Data: | |||||||||||||||||
| Number of stores in operation at end of period(4) | 227 | 298 | 401 | 373 | 453 | ||||||||||||
| Average store sales(5) | $ | 1,056 | $ | 1,274 | $ | 1,361 | $ | 1,365 | $ | 1,406 | |||||||
| Comp store sales growth(6) | 17.0 | % | 24.4 | % | 13.3 | % | 14.4 | % | 8.7 | % | |||||||
| Number of stores opened during period(7) | 57 | 76 | 104 | 75 | 52 | ||||||||||||
| EBITDA(8) | $ | (6,372 | ) | $ | 7,155 | $ | 27,908 | $ | 25,668 | $ | 43,651 | ||||||
| EBITDA as a percentage of revenue | (3.1 | )% | 2.3 | % | 5.9 | % | 7.5 | % | 9.6 | % | |||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 5,971 | $ | 22,069 | $ | 39,672 | $ | 31,073 | $ | 52,569 | |||||||
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| |
At September 30, 2005 |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Actual |
Pro Forma(9) |
Pro Forma As Adjusted(10) |
||||||
| |
(in thousands) (unaudited) |
||||||||
| Balance Sheet Data: | |||||||||
| Total current assets | $ | 14,368 | $ | 14,368 | $ | 100,578 | |||
| Total assets | $ | 371,777 | $ | 371,777 | $ | 457,987 | |||
| Total current liabilities | $ | 37,473 | $ | 37,473 | $ | 32,835 | |||
| Total liabilities | $ | 74,004 | $ | 73,490 | $ | 68,852 | |||
| Total shareholders' equity | $ | 297,733 | $ | 298,287 | $ | 389,135 | |||
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amortization and other non-cash charges and more reflective of changes in pricing decisions, cost controls and other factors that affect operating performance. We also present EBITDA because we believe it is useful to investors as a way to evaluate our ability to incur and service debt, make capital expenditures and meet working capital requirements. EBITDA is not intended as a measure of our operating performance, as an alternative to net income or as an alternative to any other performance measure in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles or as an alternative to cash flow provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity. The following is a reconciliation of net income (loss) to EBITDA:
| |
Year Ended December 31, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2004 |
2005 |
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(in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (17,289 | ) | $ | (7,714 | ) | $ | 6,126 | $ | 9,842 | $ | 33,434 | ||||
| Interest income | (444 | ) | (249 | ) | (211 | ) | (172 | ) | (23 | ) | ||||||
| Interest expense | 101 | 28 | 191 | 191 | 663 | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 11,260 | 15,090 | 21,802 | 15,807 | 20,392 | |||||||||||
| Benefit for income taxes* | — | — | — | — | (10,815 | ) | ||||||||||
| EBITDA | $ | (6,372 | ) | $ | 7,155 | $ | 27,908 | $ | 25,668 | $ | 43,651 | |||||
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An investment in our class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following information about these risks, together with the other information contained in this prospectus, before deciding to buy our class A common stock. Any of the risks we describe below could adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results. The market price of our class A common stock could decline if one or more of these risks and uncertainties develop into actual events. You could lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
The planned rapid increase in the number of our stores may make our future results unpredictable.
There were 467 Chipotle stores at October 31, 2005, 162 of which have opened since January 1, 2004. We plan to increase the number of our stores significantly in the next three years. This growth strategy and the substantial investment associated with the development of each new store may cause our operating results to fluctuate and be unpredictable or adversely affect our profits. Our future results depend on various factors, including successful selection of new markets and store locations, market acceptance of the Chipotle experience, consumer recognition of the quality of our food and willingness to pay our prices (which reflect our often higher ingredient costs), the quality of our operations and general economic conditions. What's more, as has happened when other fast-casual restaurant concepts have tried to expand nationally, we may find that the Chipotle concept has limited or no appeal to customers in new markets or we may experience a decline in the popularity of the Chipotle experience. Newly opened stores may not succeed, future markets and stores may not be successful and, even if we're successful, our average store sales may not increase at historical rates.
As we increase our independence from McDonald's, we may face difficulties replacing services it currently provides to us and entering into new or modified arrangements with existing or new suppliers or service providers.
We've benefited from our relationship as a consolidated or majority-owned subsidiary of McDonald's. For example, McDonald's has provided us, directly or through its own vendor relationships, with accounting services, insurance policy coverage, banking services, health and other insurance benefits for our employees and employee benefit plans, as well as with its expertise in certain areas of our operations, such as real estate. We also benefit from our relationship with McDonald's when we buy supplies or distribution or other services. For example, McDonald's relationship with Coca-Cola has helped us contain our beverage costs, and we've relied on the McDonald's distribution network. As long as we are a consolidated or majority-owned subsidiary of McDonald's, we expect to continue to have some of these advantages, and in connection with this transaction we've entered into a services agreement with McDonald's to clarify our relationship.
Following this offering, we expect that McDonald's will own about 88% of the combined voting power of our common stock. If McDonald's ownership interest declines significantly in the future, as we expect it will, we'll lose an increasing amount of these benefits, many of which will not be covered by the services agreement. For example, we currently obtain beneficial pricing from certain suppliers and service providers, and pay McDonald's for the costs they incur in administering our 401(k) plan and providing certain health benefits, including workers compensation, for our employees. If McDonald's ceases to own more than 80% of the combined voting power of our outstanding stock, we'll need to administer our 401(k) plan and provide these health benefits on a stand-alone basis and could incur increased costs as a result. If McDonald's ceases to own more than 50% of the combined voting power of our outstanding stock, we may have to pay more for processing our credit and debit cards and our gift cards, our audit fees, our property insurance, our umbrella and excess liability premiums and our banking services. In some cases, current benefits, such as the use of McDonald's distribution network, are not contractually tied to
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the level of McDonald's ownership, and the relevant suppliers and service providers could decide to stop giving us beneficial pricing even if McDonald's still owns a substantial equity stake in us.
As we begin to increase our independence from McDonald's, we may have to seek new suppliers and service providers or enter into new arrangements with our existing ones, and we may encounter difficulties or be unable to negotiate pricing or other terms as favorable as those we currently enjoy, which could harm our business and operating results. However, because we currently have not begun to negotiate new or amended contracts with suppliers and service providers, we cannot now quantify with greater certainty potential increases in our expenses. Furthermore, as a public company, in each of 2006 and future years we expect to incur a few million dollars of legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not previously incur as a subsidiary of McDonald's. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions."
We have no independent operating history as a large company, which makes our future business prospects difficult to evaluate.
We have been a subsidiary of McDonald's since 1998, which has affected the way we operate and manage our business. Because we have no independent operating history as a large company, our historical results may not be indicative of our future performance. Our future results depend on various factors, including those identified in these risk factors. We may not remain profitable.
Our growth rate depends primarily on our ability to open new stores and is subject to many unpredictable factors.
We may not be able to open new stores as quickly as planned. We've experienced delays in opening some stores and that could happen again. Delays or failures in opening new stores could materially and adversely affect our growth strategy and our expected results. As we operate more stores, our rate of expansion relative to the size of our store base will decline. In addition, one of our biggest challenges is locating and securing an adequate supply of suitable new store sites. Competition for those sites in our target markets is intense, and lease costs are increasing (particularly for urban locations). Our ability to open new stores also depends on other factors, including:
Our failure to manage our growth effectively could harm our business and operating results.
Our plans call for a significant number of new stores. Our existing store management systems, financial and management controls and information systems may be inadequate to support our expansion. Managing our growth effectively will require us to continue to enhance these systems, procedures and controls and to hire, train and retain store managers and crew. We may not respond quickly enough to the changing demands that our expansion will impose on our management, crew and existing infrastructure. We also place a lot of importance on our culture, which we believe has been an important contributor to
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our success. As we grow, however, we may have difficulty maintaining our culture or adapting it sufficiently to meet the needs of our operations. Our failure to manage our growth effectively could harm our business and operating results.
New stores, once opened, may not be profitable, and the increases in average store sales and comp store sales that we've experienced in the past may not be indicative of future results.
Historically, our new stores have opened with an initial ramp-up period typically lasting 24 months or more, during which they generated sales and income below the levels at which we expect them to normalize. This is in part due to the time it takes to build a customer base in a new market, higher fixed costs relating to increased construction and occupancy costs and other start-up inefficiencies that are typical of new stores. New stores may neither be profitable nor have results comparable to our existing stores. In addition, our average store sales and comp store sales likely will not continue to increase at the rates achieved over the past several years. Our ability to operate new stores profitably and increase average store sales and comp store sales will depend on many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:
If we fail to open stores as quickly as planned, or if new stores don't perform as planned, our business and future prospects could be harmed. In addition, changes in our average store sales or comp store sales could cause our operating results to vary adversely from expectations, which could cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially.
Our expansion into new markets may present increased risks due to our unfamiliarity with those areas.
Some of our new stores are planned for markets where we have little or no operating experience. Those markets may have different competitive conditions, consumer tastes and discretionary spending patterns than our existing markets. As a result, those new stores may be less successful than stores in our existing markets. Consumers in a new market may not be familiar with the Chipotle brand, and we may need to build brand awareness in that market through greater investments in advertising and promotional activity than we originally planned. We may find it more difficult in new markets to hire, motivate and keep qualified employees who can project our vision, passion and culture. Stores opened in new markets may also have lower average store sales than stores opened in existing markets, and may have higher construction, occupancy or operating costs than stores in existing markets. What's more, we may have difficulty in finding reliable suppliers or distributors or ones that can provide us, either initially or over time, with adequate supplies of ingredients meeting our quality standards. Sales at stores opened in new markets may take longer to ramp up and reach expected sales and profit levels, and may never do so, thereby affecting our overall profitability.
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We may not persuade customers of the benefits of paying our prices for higher-quality food.
Our success depends in large part on our ability to persuade customers that food made with higher-quality ingredients is worth the prices they will pay at our stores relative to prices offered by some of our competitors, particularly those in the quick-service segment. We may not successfully educate customers about the quality of our food, and they may not care even if they do understand our approach. That could require us to change our pricing, advertising or promotional strategies, which could materially and adversely affect our results or the brand identity that we've tried to create.
Changes in customer tastes and preferences, spending patterns and demographic trends could cause sales to decline.
Changes in customer preferences, general economic conditions, discretionary spending priorities, demographic trends, traffic patterns and the type, number and location of competing restaurants affect the restaurant industry. Our success depends to a significant extent on consumer confidence, which is influenced by general economic conditions and discretionary income levels. Our sales may decline during economic downturns, which can be caused by various economic factors such as high gasoline prices, or during periods of uncertainty, such as those that followed the terrorist attacks on the United States in 2001. Similarly, hurricanes Katrina and Rita are affecting consumer confidence and are likely to affect our supply costs, near-term construction costs for our new stores and may affect our sales going forward. Any material decline in consumer confidence or a decline in family "food away from home" spending could cause our sales, operating results, business or financial condition to decline. If we fail to adapt to changes in customer preferences and trends, we may lose customers and our sales may deteriorate.
Competition from other restaurant companies could adversely affect us.
We operate in the fast-casual segment of the restaurant industry. This segment is highly competitive with respect to, among other things, taste, price, food quality and presentation, service, location and the ambiance and condition of each restaurant. We also compete with restaurants in the quick-service segment. Our competition includes a variety of locally owned restaurants and national and regional chains. Our competitors offer dine-in, carry-out and delivery services. Many of our competitors have existed longer and often have a more established market presence with substantially greater financial, marketing, personnel and other resources than Chipotle. Our parent, McDonald's, operates in the quick-service segment of the restaurant industry. Among our main competitors are a number of multi-unit, multi-market Mexican food or burrito restaurant concepts, some of which are expanding nationally. As we expand further in existing markets, our existing stores may face competition from our new stores that begin operating in those markets.
Several of our competitors compete by offering menu items that are specifically identified as low in carbohydrates, better for customers or otherwise targeted at particular consumer preferences. Many of our competitors in the fast-casual and quick-service segments of the restaurant industry also emphasize lower-cost, "value meal" menu options, a strategy we don't pursue. Our sales may be adversely affected by these products and price competition.
Moreover, new companies may enter our markets and target our customers. For example, additional competitive pressures have come more recently from the deli sections and in-store cafés of several major grocery store chains, including those targeted at customers who want higher-quality food, as well as from convenience stores and casual dining outlets. These competitors may have, among other things, lower operating costs, better locations, better facilities, better management, more effective marketing and more efficient operations.
All of these competitive factors may adversely affect us and reduce our sales and profits.
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Additional instances of avian flu, "mad cow" disease or other food-borne illnesses could adversely affect the price and availability of chicken, beef or other meat, cause the temporary closure of some stores and result in negative publicity, thereby resulting in a decline in our sales.
In 2004 and 2005, Asian and European countries experienced outbreaks of avian flu, and incidents of "mad cow" disease have occurred in Canadian and U.S. cattle herds. These problems, other food-borne illnesses (such as e-coli, hepatitis A, trichinosis or salmonella) and injuries caused by food tampering have in the past, and could in the future, adversely affect the price and availability of affected ingredients and cause customers to shift their preferences, particularly if we choose to pass any higher ingredient costs along to consumers. As a result, our sales may decline.
Instances of food-borne illnesses, whether at our stores or those of our competitors, could also result in negative publicity about us or the restaurant industry, which could adversely affect sales. If we react to negative publicity by changing our menu or other key aspects of the Chipotle experience, we may lose customers who do not accept those changes, and may not be able to attract enough new customers to produce the revenue needed to make our stores profitable. In addition, we may have different or additional competitors for our intended customers as a result of making these changes and may not be able to compete successfully against those competitors. If our customers become ill from food-borne illnesses, we could be forced to temporarily close some stores. For example, in June 2004, Texas health officials investigated reports that customers and employees had become ill with flu-like symptoms after spending time in one of our stores, and we closed that store for less than a week. A decrease in customer traffic as a result of these health concerns or negative publicity, or as a result of a change in our menu or dining experience or a temporary closure of any of our stores, could materially harm our business.
Changes in food and supply costs could adversely affect our results of operations.
Our profitability depends in part on our ability to anticipate and react to changes in food and supply costs. Any increase in the prices of the ingredients most critical to our menu, such as beef, chicken, cheese, avocados, beans, tomatoes and pork, could adversely affect our operating results. Although we try to manage the impact that these fluctuations have on our operating results, we remain susceptible to increases in food costs as a result of factors beyond our control, such as general economic conditions, seasonal fluctuations, weather conditions, demand, food safety concerns, product recalls and government regulations. For example, higher diesel prices have in some cases resulted in the imposition of surcharges on the delivery of commodities to our distributors, which they have generally passed on to us to the extent permitted under our arrangements with them. In 2004, hurricanes in some parts of the United States damaged tomato crops and drove prices higher. Similarly, in 2005, hurricane Katrina destroyed a number of chickens raised by one of our chicken suppliers and increased our short-term chicken prices. Both hurricanes Katrina and Rita have resulted in higher diesel and gasoline prices, are affecting consumer confidence and are likely to affect our supply costs, near-term construction costs for our new stores and may affect our sales going forward. We do not have long-term supply contracts or guaranteed purchase amounts. As a result, we may not be able to anticipate or react to changing food costs by adjusting our purchasing practices or menu prices, which could cause our operating results to deteriorate. In addition, because we provide moderately priced food, we may choose not to, or be unable to, pass along commodity price increases to our customers.
We may have experienced a security breach with respect to certain customer credit and debit card data, and we have incurred and may continue to incur substantial costs as a result of this matter. We may also incur costs resulting from other security risks we may face in connection with our electronic processing and transmission of confidential customer information.
In August 2004, the merchant bank that processes our credit and debit card transactions (the "acquiring bank") informed us that we may have been the victim of a possible theft of credit and debit card data. Together with two forensic auditing firms, we investigated the alleged theft and reviewed our information systems and information security procedures. We also reported the problem to federal law
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enforcement authorities and have been cooperating in their investigation. While to date we have not discovered conclusive evidence that a theft occurred, we identified some store practices that may have made information systems at our stores vulnerable during periods before August 2004. Notably, without our knowledge, the card processing software we used inadvertently retained credit and debit card "Track 2" data, consisting of, among other items, the customer's name, card number, card expiration date and card verification number. In addition, the internet gateways on our computers in some stores may not have been fully secure at all times. As a result, outside parties may have gained access to stored information. We began accepting credit cards in 1999, and it is possible that all of the cards we processed since then may have been vulnerable. In the three months prior to being notified of the problem, we processed between 1.3 million and 1.5 million credit and debit card charges each month.
To date, we have received claims through the acquiring bank with respect to fewer than 2,000 purportedly fraudulent credit and debit card charges allegedly arising out of this matter in an aggregate amount of about $1.2 million. We've also incurred $1.3 million of expense in connection with fines imposed by the Visa and MasterCard card associations on the acquiring bank. In 2004, we recorded charges of $4.0 million to establish a reserve for claims seeking reimbursement for purportedly fraudulent credit and debit card charges, the cost of replacing cards, monitoring expenses and fees, and fines imposed by Visa and MasterCard. All of the reimbursement claims are being disputed, although we've not formally protested all of the charges. At November 30, 2005, after charging these expenses against the reserve, the remaining reserve was $1.9 million, which does not take into account a fine of $0.4 million assessed by MasterCard in December 2005 that we expect to charge against that reserve. In addition to the reserve, we've also incurred about $1.5 million of additional expenses in this matter, including $1.3 million for legal fees, bringing our total expense relating to this matter to $5.5 million. We have not reserved any additional amounts to date in 2005.
We may in the future become subject to additional claims for purportedly fraudulent transactions arising out of this matter. As long as a credit or debit card is active, fraudulent charges may be made using that card until the card's expiration date. We may also be subject to lawsuits or other proceedings by various interested parties, including banks and credit unions that issue cards, cardholders (either individually or as part of a class action lawsuit) and federal and state regulators. The statutes of limitation for pursuing some of these potential claims may extend for six years or more in some cases, depending on the circumstances. Moreover, the application of the law and the rules and procedures of the major card associations in these circumstances is generally untested. Any lawsuit or other proceeding will likely be complex, costly and protracted, which could in turn divert financial and management resources from execution of our business plan. We have no way to predict the level of claims or the number or nature of proceedings that may be asserted against us, nor can we quantify the costs that we may incur in connection with investigating, responding to and defending any of them. If we litigate these matters, we may not be able to defend against penalties successfully. The ultimate outcome of this matter could differ materially from the amounts we've recorded in our reserve and could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and condition. Consumer perception of our brand could also be negatively affected by these events, which could further adversely affect our results and prospects.
Despite the changes we've made to our information systems as a result of this matter, we still need to periodically upgrade our software. We rely on commercially available software and other technologies to provide security for processing and transmission of customer credit card data. About 44% of our current sales are attributable to credit card transactions, and we expect credit card usage to increase. Our systems could be compromised in the future, which could result in the misappropriation of customer information or the disruption of our systems. Either of those consequences could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and business or subject us to additional liabilities.
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Failure to receive frequent deliveries of higher-quality food ingredients and other supplies could harm our operations.
Our ability to maintain our menu depends in part on our ability to acquire ingredients that meet our specifications from reliable suppliers. Shortages or interruptions in the supply of ingredients caused by unanticipated demand, problems in production or distribution, food contamination, inclement weather or other conditions could adversely affect the availability, quality and cost of our ingredients, which could harm our operations. If any of our distributors or suppliers performs inadequately, or our distribution or supply relationships are disrupted for any reason, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be adversely affected. We currently depend on three or four suppliers for our pork, chicken and beef supplies. It could be more difficult to replace our pork suppliers if we were no longer able to rely on them. We do not have long-term contracts with any of our suppliers. In addition, we've relied on the McDonald's distribution network. As we begin to increase our independence from McDonald's, we may have to seek new suppliers and service providers. If we cannot replace or engage distributors or suppliers who meet our specifications in a short period of time, that could increase our expenses and cause shortages of food and other items at our stores, which could cause a store to remove items from its menu. If that were to happen, affected stores could experience significant reductions in sales during the shortage or thereafter, if our customers change their dining habits as a result. Our focus on a limited menu would make the consequences of a shortage of a key ingredient more severe.
In addition, our approach to competing in the restaurant industry depends in large part on our continued ability to adhere to the principle of "food with integrity." We use a substantial amount of naturally raised and sustainably grown ingredients, and try to make our food as fresh as we can, in light of pricing considerations. As we increase our use of these ingredients, the ability of our suppliers to expand output or otherwise increase their supplies to meet our needs may be constrained. Our inability to obtain a sufficient and consistent supply of these ingredients on a cost-effective basis, or at all, could cause us difficulties in aligning our brand with the principle of "food with integrity." That could make us less popular among our customers and cause sales to decline.
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly and could fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors due to various factors.
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly because of various factors, including:
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Seasonal factors also cause our revenue to fluctuate from quarter to quarter. Our revenue is typically lower during the winter months and the holiday season and during periods of inclement weather (because fewer people are eating out) and higher during the spring, summer and fall months (for the opposite reason). Our revenue will also vary as a result of the number of trading days, that is, the number of days in a quarter when a store is open.
As a result of these factors, results for any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other quarter or for any year. Average store sales or comp store sales in any particular future period may decrease. In the future, operating results may fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. In that event, the price of our common stock would likely decrease.
Our success depends substantially upon the continued retention of certain key personnel.
We believe that our success has depended and continues to depend to a significant extent on the efforts and abilities of our senior management team. We do not have, and do not expect to enter into, employment agreements with members of our senior management team. Our failure to retain members of that team could adversely affect our ability to build on the efforts they've undertaken with respect to our business. Specifically, the loss of Steve Ells, our founder and Chief Executive Officer, Monty Moran, our President and Chief Operating Officer, Jack Hartung, our Chief Finance and Development Officer, or Bob Wilner, our Chief Administrative Officer, could adversely affect us.
Our business could be adversely affected by increased labor costs or difficulties in finding the right teams for our stores.
Labor is a primary component of our operating costs, and we believe good managers and crew are a key part of our success. We devote significant resources to recruiting and training our store managers and crew. Increased labor costs due to factors like competition, increased minimum wage requirements and employee benefits would adversely impact our operating costs. Our success also depends in part on the energy and skills of our employees and our ability to hire, motivate and keep qualified employees, including especially store managers and crew members. Our failure to find and keep enough employees who are a good fit with our culture could delay planned store openings, result in higher employee turnover or require us to change our culture, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Restaurant operators have traditionally experienced relatively high employee turnover rates. Any increase in our turnover rates for managers or crew could be costly.
Our franchisees could take actions that harm our reputation and reduce our royalty revenues.
We do not exercise control over the day-to-day operations of our franchised stores. While we try to ensure that franchised stores meet the same operating standards that we demand of company-operated stores, one or more franchised stores may not do so. Any operational shortcomings of our franchised stores are likely to be attributed to our system-wide operations and could adversely affect our reputation and have a direct negative impact on the royalty revenues we receive from those stores.
We expect to need capital in the future, and we may not be able to raise that capital on acceptable terms.
Developing our business will require significant capital in the future. We have funded our operations and growth primarily through capital investments by McDonald's and, to a lesser degree, our minority shareholders, and in some cases short-term borrowings from McDonald's that we repaid through private placements of our equity securities. However, McDonald's has no obligation to continue providing us with capital in the future. To meet our capital needs, we expect to rely on our cash flow from operations, the proceeds from this offering and third-party financing, such as the revolving credit facility we're negotiating. Third-party financing may not, however, be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. Our ability to obtain additional funding will be subject to various factors, including market conditions, our operating
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performance, lender sentiment and our ability to incur additional debt in compliance with other contractual restrictions such as financial covenants under our credit facility. These factors may make the timing, amount, terms and conditions of additional financings unattractive. Our inability to raise capital could impede our growth.
We're subject to all of the risks associated with leasing space subject to long-term non-cancelable leases and, with respect to the real property that we own, owning real estate.
Our leases generally have initial terms of between five and 20 years, and generally can be extended only in five-year increments (at increased rates) if at all. All of our leases require a fixed annual rent, although some require the payment of additional rent if store sales exceed a negotiated amount. Generally, our leases are "net" leases, which require us to pay all of the cost of insurance, taxes, maintenance and utilities. We generally cannot cancel these leases. Additional sites that we lease are likely to be subject to similar long-term non-cancelable leases. If an existing or future store is not profitable, and we decide to close it, we may nonetheless be committed to perform our obligations under the applicable lease including, among other things, paying the base rent for the balance of the lease term. In addition, as each of our leases expires, we may fail to negotiate renewals, either on commercially acceptable terms or at all, which could cause us to close stores in desirable locations. Also, because we purchase real property for various store locations from time to time, we're subject to all of the risks generally associated with owning real estate, including changes in the investment climate for real estate, demographic trends and supply or demand for the use of the stores, which may result from competition from similar restaurants in the area as well as strict, joint and several liability for environmental contamination at or from the property, regardless of fault.
Governmental regulation may adversely affect our ability to open new stores or otherwise adversely affect our existing and future operations and results.
We are subject to various federal, state and local regulations. Each of our stores is subject to state and local licensing and regulation by health, alcoholic beverage, sanitation, food and workplace safety and other agencies. We may experience material difficulties or failures in obtaining the necessary licenses or approvals for new stores, which could delay planned store openings. In addition, stringent and varied requirements of local regulators with respect to zoning, land use and environmental factors could delay or prevent development of new stores in particular locations.
We are subject to the U.S. Americans with Disabilities Act and similar state laws that give civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities in the context of employment, public accommodations and other areas. We may in the future have to modify stores, for example by adding access ramps or redesigning certain architectural fixtures, to provide service to or make reasonable accommodations for disabled persons. The expenses associated with these modifications could be material.
Our operations are also subject to the U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act, which governs such matters as minimum wages, overtime and other working conditions, along with the U.S. Americans with Disabilities Act, family leave mandates and a variety of similar laws enacted by the states that govern these and other employment law matters. In addition, federal proposals to introduce a system of mandated health insurance and flexible work time and other similar initiatives could, if implemented, adversely affect our operations.
In recent years, there has been an increased legislative, regulatory and consumer focus on nutrition and advertising practices in the food industry. Restaurants operating in the quick-service and fast-casual segments have been a particular focus. As a result, we may in the future become subject to initiatives in the area of nutrition disclosure or advertising, such as requirements to provide information about the nutritional content of our food, that could increase our expenses.
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We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, which could harm the value of our brands and adversely affect our business.
Our intellectual property is material to the conduct of our business. Our ability to implement our business plan successfully depends in part on our ability to further build brand recognition using our trademarks, service marks, trade dress and other proprietary intellectual property, including our name and logos and the unique ambiance of our stores. If our efforts to protect our intellectual property are inadequate, or if any third party misappropriates or infringes on our intellectual property, either in print or on the internet, the value of our brands may be harmed, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and might prevent our brands from achieving or maintaining market acceptance. We may also encounter claims from prior users of similar intellectual property in areas where we operate or intend to conduct operations. This could harm our image, brand or competitive position and cause us to incur significant penalties and costs.
We could be party to litigation that could adversely affect us by distracting management, increasing our expenses or subjecting us to material money damages and other remedies.
Our customers occasionally file complaints or lawsuits against us alleging that we're responsible for some illness or injury they suffered at or after a visit to our stores, or that we have problems with food quality or operations. We're also subject to a variety of other claims arising in the ordinary course of our business, including personal injury claims, contract claims and claims alleging violations of federal and state law regarding workplace and employment matters, discrimination and similar matters, and we could become subject to class action or other lawsuits related to these or different matters in the future. For example, we're currently investigating issues that may arise in connection with the possible theft of certain credit and debit card data. We're also subject to "dram shop" statutes, which generally allow persons injured by intoxicated people to recover damages from the place that wrongfully served those people alcohol. Regardless of whether any claims against us are valid, or whether we're ultimately held liable, claims may be expensive to defend and may divert time and money away from our operations and hurt our performance. A judgment significantly in excess of our insurance coverage for any claims could materially and adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. Any adverse publicity resulting from these allegations may also materially and adversely affect our reputation or prospects, which in turn could adversely affect our results.
In addition, the restaurant industry has been subject to a growing number of claims based on the nutritional content of food products they sell and disclosure and advertising practices. We may also be subject to this type of proceeding in the future and, even if not, publicity about these matters (particularly directed at the quick-service and fast-casual segments of the industry) may harm our reputation or prospects and adversely affect our results.
We will incur increased costs as a result of being a public company.
As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and the New York Stock Exchange regulate corporate governance practices of public companies. We expect that compliance with these public company requirements will increase our costs and make some activities more time-consuming. For example, we'll create new board committees and adopt new internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. In addition, we will incur additional expenses associated with our SEC reporting requirements. A number of those requirements will require us to carry out activities we have not done previously. For example, under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, for our annual report on Form 10-K for 2006 we'll need to document and test our internal control procedures, our management will need to assess and report on our internal control over financial reporting and our independent accountants will need to issue an opinion on that assessment and the effectiveness of those controls. Furthermore, if we identify any issues in complying with those requirements (for example, if we or our accountants identified a material weakness or
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significant deficiency in our internal control over financial reporting), we could incur additional costs rectifying those issues, and the existence of those issues could adversely affect us, our reputation or investor perceptions of us. We also expect that it will be difficult and expensive to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. Advocacy efforts by shareholders and third parties may also prompt even more changes in governance and reporting requirements. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.
Risks Relating to Our Affiliation with McDonald's
We're controlled by McDonald's, whose interests may conflict with yours.
Upon completion of this offering, McDonald's will beneficially own no shares of our class A common stock, but will own about 90% of our outstanding class B common stock, representing 88% of the combined voting power of our outstanding stock and 69% of the economic interest in our outstanding common stock (or 87% and 65%, respectively, if the underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full). Accordingly, as it has since 1998 when we became its subsidiary, McDonald's will continue to exercise significant influence over our business policies and affairs, including the composition of our board of directors and any action requiring the approval of our shareholders, including the adoption of amendments to our certificate of incorporation, the issuance of additional shares of equity securities, the payment of dividends and the approval of mergers or a sale of substantially all of our assets. The concentration of ownership may also make some transactions, including mergers or other changes in control, more difficult or impossible without the support of McDonald's. McDonald's interests may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. For additional information about our relationships with McDonald's, you should read the information under the headings "Principal Shareholders" and "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions."
Conflicts of interest between McDonald's and us could be resolved in a manner unfavorable to us.
Various conflicts of interest between McDonald's and us could arise. Many of our officers own stock in McDonald's, in some cases more than the amount of Chipotle common stock they own. In addition, one of our directors, Mats Lederhausen, is Managing Director of our controlling shareholder, McDonald's Ventures, LLC. Ownership interests of directors or officers of McDonald's in the common stock of Chipotle, or a person's service as either a director or officer of both companies, could create or appear to create potential conflicts of interest when those directors and officers are faced with decisions that could have different implications for McDonald's and Chipotle. These decisions could, for example, relate to:
Potential conflicts of interest could also arise if we enter into any new commercial arrangements with McDonald's in the future. Our directors and officers who have interests in both McDonald's and us may also face conflicts of interest with regard to the allocation of their time between McDonald's and Chipotle.
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In addition, under our tax allocation agreement with McDonald's, McDonald's (as our parent) has the sole authority to file federal income tax returns and most state income tax returns on our behalf and is responsible for administering that agreement until the consummation of this offering. Assuming McDonald's economic interest in our outstanding common stock falls to less than 80%, this arrangement is expected to terminate for federal and some state income tax purposes for taxable periods following the offering. However, the tax allocation agreement will remain in effect for taxable years prior to this offering. Consequently, this may result in conflicts of interest between McDonald's and us. For example, McDonald's (as our parent) may choose to contest, compromise or settle any adjustment or deficiency proposed by the relevant taxing authority in a manner that may be beneficial to McDonald's and detrimental to us and for which we may be required to reimburse McDonald's under the tax allocation agreement. The tax allocation agreement will continue to apply to, and govern, the sharing of tax liabilities between McDonald's and us for state tax purposes for those states in which we and McDonald's will continue to file tax returns on a combined basis following the offering.
The corporate opportunity provisions in our amended certificate of incorporation could enable McDonald's to benefit from corporate opportunities that might otherwise be available to Chipotle.
Our amended certificate of incorporation will contain provisions related to corporate opportunities that may be of interest to both McDonald's and us. It will provide that if a corporate opportunity is offered to:
In following these procedures, any person who is offered a corporate opportunity will have satisfied his or her fiduciary duties to our shareholders and us. In addition, our amended certificate of incorporation will provide that any corporate opportunity that belongs to McDonald's or to us, as the case may be, may not be pursued by the other, unless and until the party to whom the opportunity belongs determines not to pursue the opportunity and so informs the other party. Furthermore, so long as the material facts of any transaction between us and McDonald's have been disclosed to or are known by our board of directors or relevant board committee, and the board or such committee (which may, for quorum purposes, include directors who are directors or officers of McDonald's) authorizes the transaction by an affirmative vote of a majority of the disinterested directors, then McDonald's will have satisfied its fiduciary duties and will not be liable to us or our shareholders for any breach of fiduciary duty or duty of loyalty relating to that transaction. These provisions create the possibility that a corporate opportunity that may be pertinent to us may be used for the benefit of McDonald's.
Future sales or distributions of our shares by McDonald's could depress our class A common stock price.
After this offering, and subject to the lock-up period described below, McDonald's may sell all or a portion of the shares of our class B common stock that it owns (which shares would be converted automatically into class A shares in connection with any sale prior to a tax-free distribution) or distribute those shares to its shareholders, including a distribution in exchange for McDonald's shares or securities (or another similar transaction). Sales by McDonald's in the public market or distributions to its
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shareholders of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the filing by McDonald's of a registration statement relating to a substantial amount of our common stock, could depress our class A common stock price. McDonald's has informed us that, at some time in the future, but no earlier than the expiration of the lock-up period, it may sell all or a portion of its ownership interest in us or may make a tax-free distribution, including a distribution in exchange for McDonald's shares or securities (or another similar transaction), to its shareholders of all or a portion of that interest. McDonald's is not, however, subject to any contractual obligation to maintain its ownership position in our shares, except that it has agreed not to sell or otherwise dispose of any of our shares of common stock for a period ending 180 days (subject to extension) after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated and SG Cowen & Co., LLC, on behalf of the underwriters, subject to specified limited exceptions and extensions described in "Underwriters." Consequently, McDonald's may decide not to maintain its ownership of our common stock once the lock-up period expires.
In addition, McDonald's will have the right, subject to some conditions, to require us to file registration statements covering its shares or to include its shares in other registration statements that we may file. By exercising their registration rights and selling a large number of shares, McDonald's could cause the price of our class A common stock to decline.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock
There is no existing market for our class A common stock and we do not know if one will develop. Even if a market does develop, the stock prices in the market may not exceed the offering price.
Prior to this initial public offering, there has not been a public market for our class A common stock. Furthermore, because McDonald's will beneficially own most of our common stock immediately following this offering as described above under "—Risks Relating to our Affiliation with McDonald's—We're controlled by McDonald's whose interest may conflict with yours," only a limited number of our class A shares are likely to be actively traded and an active market in our class A shares may not develop. We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in our company will lead to the development of an active trading market on the New York Stock Exchange or otherwise, or how liquid that market may become. If an active trading market does not develop, you may have difficulty selling any class A shares that you buy.
The initial public offering price for the class A common stock will be determined by negotiations among us, McDonald's and the representatives of the underwriters and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the open market following this offering. Consequently, you may not be able to sell shares of our class A common stock at prices equal to or greater than the price you pay in this offering.
Our class A common stock price may be volatile and you may lose all or part of your investment.
The market price of our class A common stock could fluctuate significantly, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the offering price. Those fluctuations could be based on various factors in addition to those otherwise described in this prospectus, including:
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In addition, in recent years the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. These fluctuations may be unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may cause declines in the market price of our class A common stock. The price of our class A common stock could fluctuate based upon factors that have little or nothing to do with our company or its performance, and those fluctuations could materially reduce our class A common stock price.
Because holders of the shares of class B common stock will control the majority of the voting power of our common stock, investors in this offering will not be able to determine the outcome of shareholder votes with respect to most events.
Our class A common stock will have one vote per share, and our class B common stock will have ten votes per share, other than with respect to a limited number of matters specified in our amended certificate of incorporation (such as approval of transactions by which a third party might acquire control of us). Following this offering, holders of shares of class B common stock will collectively control 97% of the combined voting power of our outstanding common stock other than with respect to those matters. For example, the holders of shares of class B common stock will be able to direct the election of all of the members of our board of directors, who will determine our strategic plans, approve major financing decisions and appoint top management. In addition, the holders of the class B common stock may seek to cause us to take courses of action that, in their judgment, could enhance their investment in us, but which might involve risks to holders of our class A common stock or adversely affect us or other investors, including investors in this offering. Although substantially all of the class B common stock will be beneficially owned by McDonald's following the offering and such shares will only be transferable to McDonald's or one of its subsidiaries, McDonald's may in the future decide to distribute all or a portion of its interest in the class B common stock to its shareholders through a tax-free distribution. Following any such distribution, none of the outstanding shares of class B common stock will be subject to transfer restrictions.
Future sales of our common stock, or the perception that such sales may occur, could depress our class A common stock price.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, or the perception that such sales may occur, following this offering could depress the market price of our class A common stock. This would include sales by McDonald's, as detailed above under "—Future sales or distributions by McDonald's could depress our stock price." We and all of our executive officers and directors and certain other equity holders, including McDonald's, have agreed with the underwriters not to offer, sell, dispose of or hedge any shares of our class A common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our class A common stock (including shares of our class B common stock), subject to specified limited exceptions and extensions described elsewhere in this prospectus, during the period ending 180 days (subject to extension) after the date of this prospectus, except with the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated and SG Cowen & Co., LLC, on behalf of the underwriters. Our certificate of incorporation will authorize us to issue up to 200,000,000 shares of class A common stock, of which 7,878,788 shares will be outstanding and 228,666 shares will be issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, and up to 30,000,000 shares of class B common stock, of which 24,615,831 shares will be
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outstanding, upon completion of this offering. Of the outstanding shares, 7,878,788 class A shares and none of the class B shares, including the class A shares sold in this offering, are freely tradable. About of the outstanding shares will be eligible for resale after the expiration of the lock-up period. Shares of our common stock held by our affiliates will continue to be subject to the volume and other restrictions of Rule 144 under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, or the Securities Act. Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated and SG Cowen & Co., LLC may, in their sole discretion and at any time without notice, release all or any portion of the class A shares or the class B shares subject to the lock-up.
In addition, immediately following this offering, we intend to file a registration statement registering under the Securities Act the shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our employee stock option plan. See the information under the heading "Shares Eligible for Future Sale" for a more detailed description of the shares that will be available for future sales upon completion of this offering.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
We've never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our class A common stock. See "Dividend Policy."
Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law may delay or prevent our acquisition by a third party.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain several provisions that may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us without the approval of our board of directors. These provisions may make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding common stock. These provisions also may delay, prevent or deter a merger, acquisition, tender offer, proxy contest or other transaction that might otherwise result in our shareholders' receiving a premium over the market price for their common stock. See "Description of Capital Stock."
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INDUSTRY DATA
This prospectus, including particularly the sections entitled "Prospectus Summary," "Risk Factors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Business," contains forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include the discussions of our business strategies and our expectations concerning future operations, margins, profitability, liquidity, and capital resources. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "intends," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "thinks," "estimates," "seeks," "expects," "predicts," "potential" and similar expressions. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from those in the future that are implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and other factors include those listed under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this prospectus. Those factors, among others, could cause our actual results and performance to differ materially from the results and performance projected in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements. As you read and consider this prospectus, you should carefully understand that the forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance or results.
All future written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and we cannot predict those events or how they may affect us. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus as a result of new information, future events or developments, except as required by the federal securities laws.
Industry data and other statistical information used in this prospectus are based on independent publications, government publications, reports by market research firms or other published independent sources. Some data are also based on our good faith estimates, derived from our review of internal surveys and the independent sources listed above. Although we believe these sources are reliable, we've not independently verified the information.
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We estimate that our net proceeds from our sale of 6,060,606 shares of class A common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $16.50 per share (the midpoint of the range shown on the cover page of this prospectus), after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, will be about $90.8 million. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling shareholder, including with respect to any sale of shares resulting from an exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares from the selling shareholder.
We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the common stock to repay the balance outstanding under our $30 million revolving line of credit with McDonald's, to provide additional long-term capital to support the growth of our business (primarily through opening new stores), to continue to maintain our existing stores and for general corporate purposes. At September 30, 2005, the balance outstanding under our revolving line of credit was $4.6 million, and the annual interest rate with respect to those borrowings on that date was 7.5% (representing the U.S. prime rate on that date plus 100 basis points). This revolving line of credit expires on June 30, 2006. We expect that it will be terminated in connection with this offering. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors, including the status of our expansion efforts, sales and marketing activities and competition. Accordingly, our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the proceeds from this offering.
A $1 change, up or down, in the midpoint of the range shown on the cover page of this prospectus would change our estimated net proceeds by $6.1 million. Similarly, a change in the number of shares of class A common stock we sell would increase or decrease our net proceeds. We believe that our intended use of proceeds would not be affected by changes in either our initial public offering price or the number of shares of class A common stock we sell. However, if our net proceeds were significantly reduced and we were not able to find alternate sources of financing, our growth rate could be slowed. See "Risk Factors."
We did not declare or pay any cash dividends on our common stock in 2002, 2003 or 2004. We anticipate that we'll retain any future earnings for the operation and expansion of our business. Accordingly, we do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future.
Any future determination relating to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on then existing conditions, including our financial condition, results of operations, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant.
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The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and our consolidated capitalization at September 30, 2005:
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September 30, 2005 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Actual |
Pro Forma As Adjusted |
|||||||
| |
(in thousands, except share amounts) (unaudited) |
||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,958 | $ | 88,168 | |||||
| Total debt(1) | $ | 7,034 | $ | 2,396 | |||||
| Shareholders' equity | |||||||||
| Common stock, $0.03 par value; 31,666,666 shares authorized, 19,457,422 shares issued and outstanding(2) | 584 | — | |||||||
| Class A common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized, 7,878,788 shares issued and outstanding | — | 79 | |||||||
| Class B common stock, $0.01 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized, 24,462,498 shares issued and outstanding | — | 245 | |||||||
| Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 40,000,000 shares authorized, comprising: | |||||||||
| Series B preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 8,034,009 shares issued and outstanding | 80 | — | |||||||
| Series C preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 3,925,125 shares issued and outstanding | 39 | — | |||||||
| Series D preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 8,510,639 shares issued and outstanding | 85 | — | |||||||
| Paid-in capital | 378,285 | 470,111 | |||||||
| Tax receivable—McDonald's | (38,596 | ) | (38,596 | ) | |||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 9 | 9 | |||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (42,713 | ) | (42,713 | ) | |||||
| Total shareholders' equity | 297,773 | 389,135 | |||||||
| Total capitalization | $ | 304,807 | $ | 391,531 | |||||
The pro forma as adjusted number of shares of common stock to be outstanding is based on shares outstanding at September 30, 2005, after giving effect to the Reclassification, and excludes:
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If you invest in our class A common stock, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share of our class A common stock (the midpoint of the range shown on the cover page of this prospectus) and the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our class A common stock upon the completion of this offering.
Our net tangible book value at September 30, 2005 was about $280.0 million, or $10.65 per share of class B common stock (after giving effect to the Reclassification). The net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our net worth, or total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by 26,280,680 shares of our class B common stock outstanding as of that date (after giving effect to the Reclassification).
After giving effect to the Reclassification, the conversion of stock appreciation rights into stock options and the issuance and sale of 6,060,606 shares of our class A common stock in this offering and our receipt of about $90.8 million in net proceeds from such sale, based on an assumed public offering price of $16.50 per share (the midpoint of the range shown on the cover page of this prospectus), and after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us and our estimated expenses of the offering, our as adjusted net tangible book value per share at September 30, 2005 would have been about $371.4 million, or $11.48 per share. This amount represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $0.83 to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $5.02 per share to purchasers of our common stock in this offering. Dilution per share is determined by subtracting the net tangible book value per share as adjusted for this offering from the amount of cash paid by a new investor for a share of our common stock.
The following table illustrates the per share dilution:
| Initial public offering price per share of class A common stock | $ | 16.50 | ||||
| Net tangible book value per share at September 30, 2005 (as adjusted for the Reclassification, but excluding this offering) | 10.65 | |||||
| Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors | 0.83 | |||||
| As adjusted net tangible book value per share after the offering | 11.48 | |||||
| Dilution per share to new investors | 5.02 | |||||
The following table summarizes, at September 30, 2005, after giving effect to the Reclassification and this offering as described above:
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Shares Purchased |
Total Consideration |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Average Price per Share |
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Number |
Percent |
Amount |
Percent |
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| Existing shareholders | % | $ | % | $ | ||||||||
| New investors | ||||||||||||
| Total | 100 | % | $ | 100 | % | |||||||
The foregoing tables include options granted to our officers, directors and affiliates under our stock option plans to purchase an aggregate of shares of class A common stock that are outstanding or that are to be granted effective upon the consummation of this offering under our stock option plans or outstanding shares of non-vested stock that are subject to forfeiture, but do not include options granted to other employees under such plans to purchase an additional aggregate of shares of class A common stock under such plans. See "Management—Executive Compensation—Stock Option Plans."
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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
Our selected consolidated financial data shown below should be read together with our "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial statements and respective notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 2003 and 2004 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 2002 have been derived from audited consolidated financial statements not included in this prospectus. Our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 have been audited and reported upon by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. The selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001 and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 2000 and 2001 have been derived from unaudited financial statements not included in this prospectus. The selected consolidated statements of operations data for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2005 and the balance sheet data at September 30, 2005 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and include all adjustments consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods. The data shown below are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future period.
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Year Ended December 31, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2004 |
2005 |
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(in thousands, except per share data) |
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| Statements of Operations: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant sales | $ | 67,757 | $ | 131,331 | $ | 203,892 | $ | 314,027 | $ | 468,579 | $ | 341,750 | $ | 452,593 | |||||||||
| Franchise royalties and fees | — | 267 | 753 | 1,493 | 2,142 | 1,503 | 1,789 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 67,757 | 131,598 | 204,645 | 315,520 | 470,721 | 343,253 | 454,382 | ||||||||||||||||
| Food, beverage and packaging costs | 23,920 | 45,236 | 67,681 | 104,921 | 154,148 | 111,414 | 146,863 | ||||||||||||||||
| Labor costs | 24,370 | 46,048 | 66,515 | 94,023 | 139,494 | 101,756 | 129,678 | ||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy costs | 5,825 | 11,742 | 18,716 | 25,570 | 36,190 | 26,192 | 34,517 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other operating costs | 10,612 | 21,553 | 29,791 | 43,527 | 64,274 | 46,108 | 59,408 | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 15,746 | 20,687 | 25,803 | 34,189 | 44,837 | 29,190 | 37,212 | ||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 4,985 | 8,730 | 11,260 | 15,090 | 21,802 | 15,807 | 20,392 | ||||||||||||||||
| Pre-opening costs | 2,811 | 2,245 | 1,022 | 1,631 | 2,192 | 1,561 | 1,247 | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss on disposal of assets | 49 | 79 | 1,489 | 4,504 | 1,678 | 1,364 | 1,806 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | 88,318 | 156,320 | 222,277 | 323,455 | 464,615 | 333,392 | 431,123 | ||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | (20,561 | ) | (24,722 | ) | (17,632 | ) | (7,935 | ) | 6,106 | 9,861 | 23,259 | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | 1,460 | 735 | 444 | 249 | 211 | 172 | 23 | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (441 | ) | (13 | ) | (101 | ) | (28 | ) | (191 | ) | (191 | ) | (663 | ) | |||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | (19,542 | ) | (24,000 | ) | (17,289 | ) | (7,714 | ) | 6,126 | 9,842 | 22,619 | ||||||||||||
| Benefit for income taxes(1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10,815 | ||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (19,542 | ) | $ | (24,000 | ) | $ | (17,289 | ) | $ | (7,714 | ) | $ | 6,126 | $ | 9,842 | $ | 33,434 | |||||
| Historical earnings per share(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | (1.32 | ) | $ | (0.87 | ) | $ | (0.44 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.13 | $ | 0.42 | |||||
| Diluted | $ | (1.32 | ) | $ | (0.87 | ) | $ | (0.44 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.13 | $ | 0.42 | |||||
| Shares used in computing historical earnings (loss) per share(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 14,819,978 | 27,719,316 | 39,324,552 | 46,683,077 | 76,362,851 | 75,530,424 | 78,842,039 | ||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 14,819,978 | 27,719,316 | 39,324,552 | 46,683,077 | 76,560,424 | 75,727,997 | 78,986,898 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings (loss) per common share(3): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | (3.96 | ) | $ | (2.60 | ) | $ | (1.32 | ) | $ | (0.50 | ) | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.39 | $ | 1.27 | |||||
| Diluted | $ | (3.96 | ) | $ | (2.60 | ) | $ | (1.32 | ) | $ | (0.50 | ) | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.39 | $ | 1.27 | |||||
Shares used in computing adjusted earnings (loss) per common share(3): |
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| Basic | 4,939,993 | 9,239,772 | 13,108,184 | 15,561,026 | 25,454,284 | 25,176,808 | 26,280,680 | ||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 4,939,993 | 9,239,772 | 13,108,184 | 15,561,026 | 25,520,142 | 25,242,665 | 26,328,966 | ||||||||||||||||
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At December 31, |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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At September 30, 2005 |
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2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
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| Balance Sheet Data: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total current assets | $ | 25,546 | $ | 10,819 | $ | 20,221 | $ | 7,833 | $ | 10,332 | $ | 14,368 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 107,117 | $ | 146,403 | $ | 194,172 | $ | 249,014 | $ | 329,653 | $ | 371,777 | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | $ | 10,306 | $ | 14,913 | $ | 20,806 | $ | 38,266 | $ | 38,663 | $ | 37,473 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 13,863 | $ | 22,706 | $ | 32,918 | $ | 57,506 | $ | 67,087 | $ | 74,004 | ||||||
| Total shareholders' equity | $ | 93,254 | $ | 123,697 | $ | 161,254 | $ | 191,508 | $ | 262,566 | $ | 297,733 | ||||||
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion together with "Selected Consolidated Financial Data" and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The discussion contains forward-looking statements involving risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause our results to differ materially from expectations. Factors that might cause such differences include those described under "Risk Factors," "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
Our revenue was $470.7 million in 2004, a 130% increase from 2002 and a 49% increase from 2003, driven by new store openings and increased average store sales. During that three-year period, we opened a total of 237 stores. Increases in average store sales have occurred partly because the time it takes for our new stores to ramp up has consistently shortened as we've grown and customers have learned about our brand, enabling new stores to open with higher average store sales. We've also historically had strong growth in comp store sales, due mainly to an increase in the number of transactions processed at our registers.
As our revenue has increased, our expenses have increased as well. The most important factor affecting our food, beverage and packaging costs and other restaurant operating costs is the price of ingredients critical to our menu, especially beef, chicken, cheese, avocados and beans. These five ingredients have historically accounted for a substantial portion of our food, beverage and packaging costs. Other important ingredients that we use include tomatoes and pork. The absolute increase in our expenses mostly reflected our growth, but other factors also contributed, such as changes in commodity costs driven by export / import restrictions affecting meat supplies and weather conditions that affected growing seasons and drove some prices higher.
Since we became a subsidiary of McDonald's and began substantially expanding our operations in 1998, McDonald's has provided a significant portion of the capital needed to operate our business and open new stores. Generally McDonald's has done this through direct equity investments, although it has also in some cases provided us with short-term borrowings that we repaid through private placements of our equity securities. After we become a public company, we expect that McDonald's will stop financing us, and we'll fund our growth with cash flow from operations and other sources. We also currently benefit from our McDonald's relationship in other ways, such as pricing benefits for some products and services. If McDonald's ownership interest declines significantly, we'll lose an increasing amount of these benefits. That will further increase our costs significantly. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—As we increase our independence from McDonald's, we may face difficulties replacing services it currently provides to us and entering into new or modified arrangements with existing or new suppliers or service providers."
How We Make Money: Restaurant Sales
Restaurant sales represent sales of food and drinks in stores operated by Chipotle, and does not include revenue from stores operated by franchisees (which represented less than 1% of our revenue in each of the last three years). Restaurant sales increased considerably in the last three years, from $203.9 million in 2002, to $314.0 million in 2003 and $468.6 million in 2004. For the first nine months of 2005, they were $452.6 million, 32.4% higher than the same period in 2004. Several factors affect our restaurant sales in any period, including mainly the number of stores in operation and average store sales. Various factors influence sales at a given store or group of stores, including increased customer recognition of our brand, our operational effectiveness, pricing, marketing and promotional efforts, local competition and trade area demographics.
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Expanding Store Base
Opening additional stores in existing and new U.S. markets has contributed substantially to our restaurant sales growth. We opened 57 stores in 2002, 76 stores in 2003 and 104 stores in 2004. We plan to open at least 75 stores in 2005, of which 58 were already open and 17 were under construction on October 31, 2005. We opened more stores in 2004 in part because, in certain markets, we were able to use McDonald's real estate personnel and other resources to locate and obtain additional store sites. We did not use those resources in connection with openings in 2005. We have closed only five stores during the past three years—two in 2002 and three in 2003—and have closed only six stores in total since we began operating. As we operate more stores, our rate of expansion relative to the size of our store base will decline.
Our operating plan calls for new store openings throughout the year and our capital needs vary based on the types of stores we build and local market conditions. We have urban stores, free-standing stores and suburban stores. Our suburban stores are either in-line, that is, located in a line of stores, or end-cap, that is, located at the end of a line of stores. In 2004, we spent on average about $906,000 ($880,000 excluding land purchases) in development and construction costs per store. On average, our free-standing stores cost about $1.2 million each, while our end-cap and in-line stores cost about $700,000 each. While free-standing and suburban end-cap stores generally cost more to build than suburban in-line stores, those stores are often located in better trade areas, are more visible and generally attract more customers in the start-up period. Urban stores, such as those in New York City and other downtown urban areas, are generally our most expensive stores, with average development and construction costs of $1.3 million in 2004. Meeting our plan in the coming years will depend on various factors, including whether a given market is new for us, the availability of appropriate sites, competition for those sites, construction schedules and costs, as well as other matters that are often outside our control, such as local zoning and licensing requirements. As we expand into central urban areas, we expect our average costs to open new stores may increase due to the more significant reconstruction work that often needs to be done at those sites.
Historically, our new stores have opened with an initial ramp-up period typically lasting up to 24 months or more, during which they generated sales below the levels at which we expect them to normalize. However, the period of time it takes for our stores in existing markets to ramp up has consistently shortened as we've grown and customers have learned about our brand, enabling new stores in those markets to open with higher average store sales. For example, average sales for new stores in the first 90 trading days increased 29.4% to $303,390 for stores opened in 2004 from $234,450 for stores opened in 2002. In new markets, however, our ramp-up periods and average sales for new stores are less predictable as a result of our less extensive knowledge of those markets and lower brand awareness, among other factors. Another important factor in declining ramp-up periods is the ongoing evolution of our real estate selection process. As we've gained experience, we've been able to adopt more effective criteria in deciding where to build each store, and have adjusted our mix of store types to support our brand development. In addition, our national brand awareness has increased and our store opening strategies have become more effective. For example, when we open a new store, we plan a range of activities to introduce our food to the local community to help create interest in the store from the start.
Increased Average Store Sales
The other important driver of the growth in our restaurant sales has been increased average store sales, which we define as the average trailing 12-month sales for stores in operation for at least 12 full
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months. The following graphs show our average store sales in each of the last three years and for the trailing 12-month period ended September 30, 2004 and 2005.
Average store sales have increased partly because ramp-up periods have become consistently shorter as new stores have opened with higher average sales for the reasons described under "—Expanding Store Base" above. Average store sales increases have also been driven by strong growth in comp store sales, due mainly to increased numbers of transactions at our stores, as described below. While we believe most of our sales increases will come from opening new stores, we'll continue to focus on ways to improve the customer experience at our existing stores so we can increase comp store sales. For additional information about how we intend to do that, see "What We Do—Where We Go From Here—Expanding Our Operations and Sales—Selling More Food Every Day."
Comp Stores Sales Growth. Comp store sales refer to year-over-year sales comparisons for stores in operation for at least 12 full months and do not include sales during the portion of the month in which a store begins operating. Historically, increases in comp store sales, which were 8.7% in the first nine months of 2005, 13.3% in 2004, 24.4% in 2003 and 17.0% in 2002, accounted for a substantial portion of our restaurant sales growth. In 2003, 43.6% of our restaurant sales growth resulted from comp store sales increases, as compared to 26.8% in 2004 and 26.6% in the first nine months of 2005.
We believe that our strong historical comp store sales growth was mainly due to the growing appeal of our core menu items, increasing consumer understanding and appreciation of our passion for good, higher-quality food and our focus on building customer relationships "one burrito at a time." Comp store sales in 2004 and the first nine months of 2005 grew at a slower rate than prior years and represented a smaller percentage of the growth in our total restaurant sales than in prior years. This slower growth is due to new store average sales in the first 12 months increasing over time and baseline restaurant volumes increasing due to the cumulative impact of positive comp store sales in each of the last three years and the first nine months of 2005. As a result of the effects of these trends, we believe that comp stores sales likely will not continue to increase at the rates achieved over the past several years. Comp store sales also increase when we introduce modest price increases to our menu. In each of 2002, 2003 and 2004, we raised our prices both to adjust for inflation and to cover food, beverage and packaging cost increases and other operating costs. For example, we raised prices in some markets where we began to use more expensive, naturally raised chicken in 2003 and 2004. Our focus on "food with integrity" may cause us to charge higher prices in some cases because right now there are limited supplies of naturally raised and sustainably grown ingredients. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—New stores, once opened, may not be profitable, and the increases in average store sales and comp store sales that we've experienced in the past may not be indicative of future results."
Discounting. Unlike many of our competitors in the restaurant industry, we do not offer discounts or "value meal" options. Instead, we have promotions that allow customers to sample our food for free. We believe that one of the most important ways for us to increase sales is getting people to try our food and
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learn about the quality of our ingredients and preparation methods. We include the cost of the food we give away in our other operating costs.
Seasonality
Our revenue fluctuates as a result of seasonal and other factors. See "—Quarterly Financial Data" below.
Franchise Royalties and Fees
We have three franchisees that, in the aggregate, operate eight of our stores. Franchise royalties and fees represented less than 1% of our revenue in each of the last three years and first nine months of 2005. Although franchising is currently not an important component of our strategy, we constantly try to improve our performance and we may decide to license more stores to franchisees in the future. In the near term, however, we do not expect that we'll have significant increases in these revenues. In addition, if McDonald's ceases to own a majority of our outstanding common voting stock or if we cease to be an affiliate of McDonald's, under the terms of our franchise agreements, our franchisees (each of whom is also a McDonald's franchisee) must either sell either their Chipotle franchise to someone who agrees to perform their obligations under the franchise agreements (at fair market value determined in the manner provided in the franchise agreements) or sell their McDonald's franchise within 24 months after the relevant triggering event. If our franchisees don't sell either franchise within the 24-month period, their franchise agreements with McDonald's will terminate automatically.
How We Spend Money: Food, Beverage and Packaging Costs, Labor, Other Restaurant Operating Costs and Other Expenses
We have four basic types of expense: food, beverage and packaging costs; labor; other restaurant operating costs (consisting of occupancy costs and other operating costs); and other expenses (consisting of general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, pre-opening costs and gains or losses on asset disposals). As we do more business, open more stores and hire more people, our food, beverage and packaging costs, labor and other restaurant operating costs increase. We've grown considerably over the last three years, and our combined food, beverage and packaging costs, labor and other restaurant operating costs have followed pace, increasing from $182.7 million in 2002 to $268.0 million in 2003, and to $394.1 million in 2004. These expenses for the first nine months of 2005 were $370.5 million, 29.8% higher than the same period in 2004. Our other expenses have also increased, from $39.6 million in 2002 to $55.4 million in 2003, and to $70.5 million in 2004. Other expenses for the first nine months of 2005 were $60.7 million. As we continue to grow, we expect that other expenses will also increase, but may decline as a percentage of revenue.
Food, Beverage and Packaging Costs
Food, beverage and packaging costs are the largest component of our expenses and represented about 33.1% of total revenue in 2002, 33.3% in 2003, 32.7% in 2004 and 32.3% in the first nine months of 2005. The most important factor affecting our food, beverage and packaging costs is the price volatility of our key ingredients. Our food, beverage and packaging costs change as a result of fluctuations in commodity and material costs, but also depend in part on the success of our cost management efforts. Since we use higher-quality ingredients that we purchase from carefully selected suppliers, and are increasing our use of more expensive, naturally raised and sustainably grown ingredients, our expenses are often higher than those of other restaurants that use a higher proportion of commodity-priced ingredients.
Like the rest of the restaurant industry, our expenses fluctuate from time to time due to external events. In 2003, our food expense was affected by higher avocado prices reflecting a poor growing season due to inclement weather and pestilence. In 2004, prices for chicken (our most-used meat ingredient) rose significantly due to a ban by Asian countries on their chicken exports following outbreaks of avian flu. The
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more limited worldwide chicken supply, combined with continued high demand, drove prices upward. Beef prices have also been higher in the past year due to U.S. restrictions on Canadian imports in the wake of incidents of "mad cow" disease in Canadian cattle herds. Weather is also a factor, especially when severe conditions limit the growing season or crop quality. This happened in 2004, when hurricanes in some parts of the United States damaged tomato crops and drove prices higher. Unlike many other restaurants, we decided not to limit our use of tomatoes (and not to pass the cost increase on to customers). These and other cost increases negatively affected our margins in 2004. Similarly, hurricanes Katrina and Rita in the fall of 2005 have resulted in higher short-term chicken prices and higher diesel prices, which may affect our suppliers, causing them to increase the price of other ingredients.
We try to minimize the volatility of our food expense by working closely with our suppliers and using a mix of forward, fixed and formula pricing protocols. Under forward pricing protocols, our suppliers and we agree on prices for the ingredients or other raw materials that they sell to us at specified times in the future (possibly weeks or months in advance). Whether the price goes up, down or remains stable over the period, we pay that agreed-upon price at the time we make our purchase. Under fixed pricing protocols, we agree a fixed price with our supplier for the duration of that protocol. Under formula pricing protocols, the prices we pay are based on a specified formula related to the prices for the goods; for example, prices may be tied to the spot price for the ingredient or raw materials in the commodities market on the date of purchase. Though we do not have long-term supply contracts or guaranteed purchase amounts, our pricing protocols with suppliers can remain in effect for periods ranging from one month to a year, depending on the outlook for prices of the particular ingredient. We also sometimes buy supplies at current market or spot prices.
We've also tried to expand, where necessary, the number of suppliers for our ingredients and other raw materials to assure supply and freshness and mitigate pricing volatility. Our focus on "food with integrity" has constrained our sourcing flexibility to some extent. We've been careful in expanding that initiative so that we don't outpace available supply. Some of our ingredients come from small farms that have facilities that must comply with federal or industry standards for classification as natural, and they may face economic or other limits on their growth. We believe that consumers' increasing concern about where and how food is raised, environmental management and animal husbandry will foster demand for these foods, which will in turn attract the interest and capital investment of larger farms and suppliers. That said, we understand that we'll continue to be at the forefront of this trend and must balance our interest in advancing "food with integrity" with our desire to provide great food at reasonable prices. If our focus resonates with consumers, it should improve our sourcing flexibility, although we'd expect that these kinds of ingredients and other raw materials will remain more expensive than commodity-priced equivalents for some time to come.
Beverage and packaging costs, while smaller than food costs, are also a significant portion of these costs. McDonald's relationship with Coca-Cola has helped us contain our beverage costs and as long as we are a consolidated subsidiary of McDonald's, we expect to continue to have that pricing advantage. See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—As we increase our independence from McDonald's, we may face difficulties replacing services it currently provides to us and entering into new or modified arrangements with existing or new suppliers or service providers." Food, beverage and packaging costs also include freight costs, which can be higher than those of some of our competitors in part because we rely primarily on perishable ingredients rather than on processed food products. These costs have also been affected by higher diesel prices that have in some cases resulted in the imposition of surcharges on the delivery of commodities to our distributors, which they have generally passed on to us to the extent permitted under our arrangements with them.
Labor Costs
Labor costs are the second-largest component of our expenses, and represented 32.5% of total revenue in 2002, 29.8% in 2003, 29.6% in 2004 and 28.5% in the first nine months of 2005. Labor costs
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include wages for our store managers, assistant store managers and crew, bonuses (which we pay quarterly), taxes and benefits. As we've added stores, our average number of hourly employees increased from about 3,000 in 2002 to 5,100 in 2003, 8,100 in 2004, and to about 9,900 in the first nine months of 2005. We generally have two shifts at most of our stores, which helps us better predict our store payroll expenses and in return provides our employees with more stable and predictable work hours. Some of the benefits we offer to our hourly employees are a bit unusual, such as English and Spanish lessons, free food and the opportunity to participate in our 401(k) plan. Although these and other benefits may increase our labor costs, we believe they help us to attract and keep good store managers and crew, which is important to our future success. We expect that some of these costs, such as workers compensation, will increase as McDonald's ownership interest decreases. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—As we increase our independence from McDonald's, we may face difficulties replacing services it currently provides to us and entering into new or modified arrangements with existing or new suppliers or service providers."
Occupancy Costs
Occupancy costs represented 9.1% of total revenue in 2002, 8.1% in 2003, 7.7% in 2004 and 7.6% in the first nine months of 2005. These costs include rent, real estate taxes, property taxes and common area maintenance charges. Occupancy costs generally increase as the number of stores increases, but have tended to decline as a percentage of sales due to our increasing average store sales.
Other Operating Costs
Other operating costs represented 14.6% of total revenue in 2002, 13.8% in 2003, 13.7% in 2004 and 13.1% in the first nine months of 2005. These costs include utilities, marketing and promotional costs (including free samples), bank fees, credit and debit card processing fees, store supplies, repair, maintenance and similar costs. One of the unique employee benefits included in other operating costs is our company car program, which is available to store managers who have been with us for more than four years. Although this and other similarly unusual benefits may increase our other operating costs, we believe it helps us to attract and keep good store managers, which is important to our future success. Other operating costs generally increase as sales increase and as the number of stores increases, but have tended to decline as a percentage of sales due to our increasing average store sales.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses include the corporate and administrative functions that support our stores, including employee wages and benefits, travel, information systems, recruiting and training costs, corporate rent, the $4.0 million credit and debit card liability reserve, professional fees, supplies and insurance and also include costs for store accounting services we received from McDonald's. General and administrative expenses represented about 12.6% of total revenue in 2002, 10.8% in 2003, 9.5% in 2004 and 8.2% in the first nine months of 2005.
As a public company, we'll incur legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a majority-owned subsidiary of McDonald's. We expect that these additional expenses will be a few million dollars in each of 2006 and future years.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization are periodic non-cash charges that represent the reduction in usefulness and value of a tangible or intangible asset. Depreciation and amortization represented about 5.5% of total revenue in 2002, 4.8% in 2003, 4.6% in 2004 and 4.5% in the first nine months of 2005. Our principal depreciation and amortization charge relates to capital expenditures for store construction.
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Other Expenses
Other expenses include pre-opening costs and gains or losses on disposals of assets. Pre-opening expenses are expenses related to preparing to open a new store, and include the costs of hiring and training the initial work force, travel and the cost of food, beverage and packaging used in connection with those activities. Losses on disposal of assets include the costs related to store closures, store equipment retirements and costs to investigate potential store sites that we considered but subsequently rejected. In aggregate, these expenses represented about 1.2% of total revenue in 2002, 1.9% in 2003, 0.9% in 2004 and 0.7% in the first nine months of 2005.
In October 2005, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 13-1, Accounting for Rental Costs Incurred during a Construction Period ("FSP 13-1"). FSP 13-1 requires rental costs associated with ground or building operating leases incurred during a construction period to be recognized as rental expense. FSP 13-1 applies to reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2005. Retroactive application is permitted, but not required. Had FSP 13-1 been effective in prior periods, we would have recognized additional expenses of $1.8 million, $2.5 million and $3.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively, and $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. We expect this trend to continue as we recognize this expense beginning in 2006.
Benefit for Income Taxes
As a subsidiary of McDonald's, we are not a separate taxable entity for federal and most state income tax purposes. Consequently, McDonald's includes our results of operations in its consolidated federal and most state income tax returns. However, income taxes in our financial statements have been computed on a separate return basis. At December 31, 2004, we had incurred total federal NOLs (net operating losses) of $139.4 million since our inception as a "C" corporation in 1996. We incurred $118.0 million of these NOLs after McDonald's acquisition of over 80% of our equity. The remaining $21.4 million of these NOLs relates to SRLY (separate return limitation year) losses before McDonald's acquired over 80% of our equity. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities, at enacted income tax rates, based on the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities. We include any effects of changes in income tax rates or tax laws in the provision for income taxes in the period of enactment. When it is more likely than not that a portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized in the future, we provide a corresponding valuation allowance against the deferred tax asset. Through December 31, 2004, we have had a partial valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2005, we determined that it was more likely than not that we would realize our deferred tax assets and we reversed our valuation allowance. Accordingly, in the first nine months of 2005, this resulted in a net tax benefit of $10.8 million being realized in the consolidated statement of operations. In the first nine months of 2005, we also reversed the valuation allowance of $8.5 million of SRLY losses, which reduced goodwill recorded in conjunction with McDonald's acquisition of Chipotle and is not recorded in our consolidated statement of operations. After the consummation of this offering, we expect that we will become a separate taxable entity for federal and some state income tax purposes. On the date of deconsolidation, the tax effect of all changes in the tax bases of assets and liabilities will be recorded in equity. We expect that after deconsolidation we will recognize tax expense as a stand alone entity without regard to the NOLs.
In accordance with the tax allocation agreement between McDonald's and Chipotle, we've agreed to make payments to McDonald's to reflect any tax liability allocated to us or if we benefit from net losses or tax credits not attributable to our operations. Likewise, McDonald's has agreed to compensate us for any NOLs or tax credits it uses that are attributable to our operations. After McDonald's files its first consolidated federal tax return excluding us, we expect to receive payment for the federal and some state NOLs that we have not utilized on a stand alone basis as of the date of deconsolidation. We expect to receive final payment in the fourth quarter of 2007. At September 30, 2005, the amount owed by McDonald's totaled $38.6 million. Note that as we utilize the NOLs on a stand alone basis up until the date
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of deconsolidation, we'll reduce the receivable recorded in equity and not recognize any benefit in the consolidated statement of operations. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Tax Allocation Agreement."
Other Factors Affecting Our Results
Equity Compensation Expenses
Effective January 1, 2005, we adopted the fair value recognition provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 123R, Share-Based Payment ("SFAS 123R"), before its required date of adoption, using the modified-prospective transition method. Under this transition method, our 2005 equity compensation costs of $0.3 million related to our stock option plan includes the portion vesting in the period for (i) all share-based payments granted prior to, but not vested as of January 1, 2005, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS 123; and (ii) all share-based payments granted after January 1, 2005, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R. The following table illustrates the effect on net income (loss) as if the fair-value-based method had been applied to all outstanding and unvested awards in each period.
| |
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
|||||||
| |
(in millions) |
|||||||||
| Net income (loss), as reported | $ | (17.3 | ) | $ | (7.7 | ) | $ | 6.1 | ||
| Stock-based employee compensation expense | (0.2 | ) | (0.4 | ) | (0.5 | ) | ||||
| Pro forma net income (loss) | $ | (17.5 | ) | $ | (8.1 | ) | $ | 5.6 | ||
We also have other equity compensation expenses. During the first nine months of 2005, we granted 153,333 shares of our common stock, which vest in equal annual installments over three years, and recognized $0.9 million of related compensation expense. In 2004, we adopted a stock appreciation rights plan and granted stock appreciation rights in respect of 167,100 shares of common stock, which vest three years from the date of grant and expire after five years and six months. The common stock had a fair value of $22.35 per share on the date of grant. Our compensation expense related to these grants of stock appreciation rights was $0.2 million for 2004 and $0.3 million for the first nine months of 2005. In connection with this offering, we intend to convert these stock appreciation rights, which we have accounted for as a liability, into options to purchase our class A common stock. We'll compare the fair value of the stock appreciation rights immediately before that conversion to the fair value of the options, and recognize any incremental compensation cost. Once converted, we'll account for the options as an equity award. In 2001, McDonald's issued options for its common stock to certain of our employees under its stock ownership option plan, all of which were fully vested by the end of 2005, expire ten years from the date of grant and have an exercise price of $29.43 per share of McDonald's common stock. The McDonald's options were granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of McDonald's common stock on the date of grant and therefore had no intrinsic value on that date. Accordingly, we did not reflect the fair value of the expenses related to this grant in our financial statements. We paid McDonald's $2.4 million for our cost of participating in its plan, which we expensed equally over the four-year vesting period.
Claims for Fraudulent Credit Card Transactions
In August 2004, the acquiring bank that processes our credit and debit card transactions informed us that we may have been the victim of a possible theft of credit and debit card data. To date, we have received claims through the acquiring bank with respect to fewer than 2,000 purportedly fraudulent credit and debit card charges allegedly arising out of this matter in an aggregate amount of about $1.2 million. We've also incurred $1.3 million of expense in connection with fines imposed by the Visa and MasterCard
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card associations on the acquiring bank. In 2004, we recorded charges of $4.0 million to establish a reserve for claims seeking reimbursement for purportedly fraudulent credit and debit card charges, the cost of replacing cards, monitoring expenses and fees, and fines imposed by Visa and MasterCard. All of the reimbursement claims are being disputed, although we've not formally protested all of the charges. At November 30, 2005, after charging these expenses against the reserve, the remaining reserve was $1.9 million, which does not take into account a fine of $0.4 million assessed by MasterCard in December 2005 that we expect to charge against that reserve. In addition to the reserve, we've also incurred about $1.5 million of additional expenses in this matter, including $1.3 million for legal fees, bringing our total expense relating to this matter to $5.5 million. We have not reserved any additional amounts to date in 2005.
We may in the future become subject to additional claims for purportedly fraudulent transactions arising out of this matter. We have no way to predict the level of claims or the number or nature of proceedings that may be asserted against us, nor can we quantify the costs that we may incur in connection with investigating, responding to and defending any of them. The ultimate outcome of this matter could differ materially from the amounts we've recorded in our reserve and could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and condition. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—We may have experienced a security breach with respect to certain customer credit and debit card data, and we've incurred and may continue to incur substantial costs as a result of this matter. We may also incur costs resulting from other security risks we may face in connection with our electronic processing and transmission of confidential customer information."
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We describe our significant accounting policies, including our critical accounting policies, in note 1 of our consolidated financial statements. Critical accounting policies are those that we believe are both significant and that require us to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often because we need to estimate the effect of inherently uncertain matters. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experiences and various other factors that we believe to be appropriate under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates, and we might obtain different estimates if we used different assumptions or conditions. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements:
Leasehold Improvements, Property and Equipment
We state the value of our leasehold improvements, property and equipment, including primarily store equipment, furniture, fixtures and smallwares, and our leasehold improvements at cost, minus accumulated depreciation and amortization. We calculate depreciation using the straight-line method of accounting over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. We amortize our leasehold improvements using the straight-line method of accounting over the shorter of the lease term (including reasonably assured renewal periods) or the estimated useful lives of the related assets. We generally use estimated useful lives of between three and seven years for equipment; between three and ten years for furniture and fixtures; and between three and 20 years for leasehold improvements and buildings. We expense repairs and maintenance as incurred, but capitalize major improvements and betterments. We make judgments and estimates related to the expected useful lives of these assets that are affected by factors such as changes in economic conditions and changes in operating performance. If we change those assumptions in the future, we may be required to record impairment charges for these assets.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We review property and equipment, including leasehold improvements, for impairment when events or circumstances indicate these assets might be impaired. We test impairment using historical cash flow and other relevant facts and circumstances as the primary basis for our estimates of future cash flows. We perform this analysis at the store level to determine whether there are any indicators of permanent
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impairment. In determining future cash flows, we make significant estimates with respect to future operating results of each store over its remaining lease term. If we determine that assets are impaired, we then measure the impairment charge by calculating the amount by which the asset-carrying amount exceeds its fair value, as determined by an estimate of discounted future cash flows. We use estimates and assumptions that are subject to a high degree of judgment in determining asset fair values. If we change those assumptions in the future, we may be required to record impairment charges for these assets.
Goodwill
Goodwill resulted primarily from McDonald's purchase of Chipotle. The most significant purchases generating goodwill were completed prior to 2001. Goodwill is not subject to amortization. We do, however, test goodwill for impairment at least annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We completed our most recent impairment test in December 2004, and determined that there were no impairment losses related to goodwill or other indefinite lived assets. In assessing the recoverability of goodwill, we use projections about estimated future cash flows and other factors to determine the fair value of the respective assets. We project estimated future cash flows using significant assumptions, including future revenue and expenses. If we change these estimates or related projections in the future, we may be required to record impairment charges for goodwill.
Leases
We lease most of our store locations. We account for our leases under FASB Statement No. 13, Accounting for Leases ("SFAS 13") and subsequent amendments, which require that our leases be evaluated and classified as operating or capital leases for financial reporting purposes. We recognize rent expense for our operating leases, which have escalating rentals over the term of the lease (which includes reasonably assured renewal options), on a straight-line basis over the initial term. In addition, the lease term is deemed to commence when we take physical possession of the leased property. We currently capitalize the straight-line rent amounts during the period prior to store opening. We will, however, begin expensing these amounts beginning January 1, 2006 as a result of the issuance of FSP 13-1. We use a consistent lease term when calculating depreciation of leasehold improvements, when determining straight-line rent expense and when determining classification of our leases as either operating or capital. Contingent rents are generally amounts we must pay to landlords when we have sales in excess of certain thresholds stipulated in certain store leases and are included in rent expense as they accrue. Some of our leases contain tenant improvement allowances. For purposes of recognizing tenant improvement allowances, we amortize the incentives over their estimated useful lives. For tenant improvement allowances, we also record a deferred rent liability or an obligation on our consolidated balance sheet.
Insurance Liability
We maintain, or in some cases McDonald's maintains on our behalf, various insurance policies for workers' compensation, employee health, general liability and property damage. Pursuant to those policies, we're responsible for losses up to certain limits for our general liability and property damage insurance and are required to estimate a liability that represents our ultimate exposure for aggregate losses below those limits. This liability is based on our estimates of the ultimate costs to be incurred to settle known claims and claims not reported as of the balance sheet date. Our estimated liability is not discounted and is based on a number of assumptions and factors, including historical trends, actuarial assumptions and economic conditions. If actual trends differ from our estimates, our financial results could be affected.
Income Taxes
As a subsidiary of McDonald's, we are not a separate taxable entity for federal or most state income tax purposes. Consequently, McDonald's includes our results of operations in its consolidated federal and state income tax returns. Our tax provision is computed based on a separate return basis. We've accounted
40
for, and currently account for, income taxes in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes ("SFAS 109"). SFAS 109 established financial accounting reporting standards for the effects of income taxes resulting from an enterprise's activities during the current and preceding years. It requires an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. We recognize deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or McDonald's tax returns. If the future consequences of differences between financial reporting basis and tax basis of our assets and liabilities result in a net deferred tax asset, we evaluate the probability of our ability to realize the future benefits indicated by that asset. If it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized, we'll record a valuation allowance related to a deferred tax asset. Our ability to realize that net deferred tax asset generally depends on whether we have enough taxable income of an appropriate character within the carry-forward period permitted by the tax law. Unless we have enough taxable income to offset the deductible amounts and carry forwards, the related tax benefits will expire unused. We evaluate both positive and negative evidence in making a determination as to whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized, and we measure deferred items based on enacted tax laws. This evaluation requires us to project our taxable income sufficiently to realize the tax assets. The preparation of the projections requires considerable judgment and is subject to change to reflect future events and changes in tax laws.
Reserves / Contingencies for Litigation and Other Matters
We are involved in various claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of business. These actions are subject to many uncertainties, and we cannot predict the outcomes with any degree of certainty. Consequently, we were unable to ascertain the ultimate aggregate amount of monetary liability or financial impact with respect to these matters at December 31, 2004 and at September 30, 2005. Once resolved, however, these actions may affect our operating results and cash flows. In addition, we're involved in claims relating to the possible theft of our customers' credit and debit card data. In 2004, we recorded charges of $4.0 million to establish a reserve for claims seeking reimbursement for purportedly fraudulent credit and debit card charges and the cost of replacing cards and monitoring expenses and fees. At November 30, 2005, the remaining reserve was $1.9 million, which does not take into account a fine of $0.4 million assessed by MasterCard in December 2005 that we expect to charge against that reserve. As the situation develops and more information becomes available, the amount of the reserve may increase or decrease accordingly. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—We may have experienced a security breach with respect to certain customer credit and debit card data, and we've incurred and may continue to incur substantial costs as a result of this matter. We may also incur costs resulting from other security risks we may face in connection with our electronic processing and transmission of confidential customer information."
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How We Did: Results of Operations
Our operating results for 2002, 2003 and 2004 and the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2005 are expressed as a percentage of total revenue below:
| |
Year Ended December 31, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2004 |
2005 |
|||||||
| Restaurant sales | 99.6 | % | 99.5 | % | 99.5 | % | 99.6 | % | 99.6 | % | ||
| Franchise royalties and fees | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | |||||||
| Total revenue | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||||||
Food, beverage and packaging costs |
33.1 |
33.3 |
32.7 |
32.5 |
32.3 |
|||||||
| Labor costs | 32.5 | 29.8 | 29.6 | 29.6 | 28.5 | |||||||
| Occupancy costs | 9.1 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 7.6 | |||||||
| Other operating costs | 14.6 | 13.8 | 13.7 | 13.4 | 13.1 | |||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 12.6 | 10.8 | 9.5 | 8.5 | 8.2 | |||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 5.5 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | |||||||
| Pre-opening costs | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | |||||||
| Loss on disposal of assets | 0.7 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | |||||||
| Total costs and expenses | 108.6 | 102.5 | 98.7 | 97.1 | 94.9 | |||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | (8.6 | ) | (2.5 | ) | 1.3 | 2.9 | 5.1 | |||||
| Interest income | 0.2 | 0.1 | — | 0.1 | — | |||||||
| Interest expense | — | — | — | (0.1 | ) | (0.1 | ) | |||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | (8.4 | ) | (2.4 | ) | 1.3 | 2.9 | 5.0 | |||||
| Benefit for income taxes | — | — | — | — | 2.4 | |||||||
| Net income (loss) | (8.4 | )% | (2.4 | )% | 1.3 | % | 2.9 | % | 7.4 | % | ||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2004
The table below presents our operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2005 and the related period-to-period changes:
| |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
% Increase/ (Decrease) |
||||||||||
| |
2004 |
2005 |
||||||||||
| |
(in millions, except percentages) |
|||||||||||
| Restaurant sales | $ | 341.8 | $ | 452.6 | $ | 110.8 | 32.4 | % | ||||
| Food, beverage and packaging costs | 111.4 | 146.9 | 35.5 | 31.8 | ||||||||
| Labor costs | 101.8 | 129.7 | 27.9 | 27.4 | ||||||||
| Occupancy costs | 26.2 | 34.5 | 8.3 | 31.8 | ||||||||
| Other operating costs | 46.1 | 59.4 | 13.3 | 28.8 | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 29.2 | 37.2 | 8.0 | 27.5 | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization. | 15.8 | 20.4 | 4.6 | 29.0 | ||||||||
| Pre-opening costs | 1.6 | 1.2 | (0.4 | ) | (20.1 | ) | ||||||
| Loss on disposal of assets | 1.4 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 32.4 | ||||||||
| Net interest expense | — | 0.6 | 0.6 | n/m | * | |||||||
| Benefit for income taxes | — | 10.8 | 10.8 | n/m | * | |||||||
Restaurant Sales. Of the $110.8 million increase in restaurant sales, $29.4 million was due to an increase in comp store sales in the first nine months of 2005 compared to the 2004 period, $29.3 million related to the impact of non-comparable sales at stores opened in January through August 2004,
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$27.2 million was due to stores opened in September through December 2004 and $25 million was due to stores opened in 2005. Average store sales for the trailing 12-month period ended September 30, 2005 increased 3.0% to $1,406,000 from $1,365,000 for the trailing 12-month period ended September 30, 2004, driven primarily by comp store sales growth of 8.7% that reflected increasing nationwide awareness of our brand, which also enabled new stores to open with higher average sales. A substantial majority of the comp store sales growth was due to an increase in the number of transactions, and the remainder was driven primarily by menu price increases.
Food, Beverage and Packaging Costs. Food, beverage and packaging costs increased due to the increase in restaurant sales because we used more ingredients and packaging as a result of the addition of new stores in the last three months of 2004 and the first nine months of 2005, comp store sales increases and increasing sales at 35 stores opened in the first nine months of 2004 that were not in operation for 12 full months in the first nine months of 2005. As a percentage of total revenue, food, beverage and packaging costs decreased slightly to 32.3% in the first nine months of 2005 from 32.5% in the comparable 2004 period. This decrease was due primarily to a decline in raw ingredient costs and menu price increases, partially offset by increased fuel costs.
Labor Costs. The period-to-period increase in labor costs was due to the growth in our store base, as our average number of hourly employees increased to about 9,900 in the first nine months of 2005 from about 7,900 in the comparable 2004 period. The effect was mainly due to the impact of staff hired for stores opened throughout 2005 and the last quarter of 2004. As a percentage of total revenue, labor costs decreased to 28.5% in the nine first months of 2005 from 29.6% in the comparable 2004 period, largely due to improved employee efficiency resulting from an increase in the number of transactions, which did not require a corresponding increase in staff, and a gradual improvement over time in staffing our stores with the most appropriate number of crew members for each store.
Occupancy Costs. The $8.3 million period-to-period increase in occupancy costs was primarily due to an increase in rental costs relating to the opening of new stores, inflationary pressures on rents and the opening of stores in more expensive locations such as New York City. As a percentage of total revenue, occupancy costs remained flat at 7.6%.
Other Operating Costs. The $13.3 million period-to-period increase in other operating costs resulted primarily from the opening of new stores in the last three months of 2004 and the first nine months of 2005. As a percentage of total revenue, other operating costs declined to 13.1% in the first nine months of 2005 from 13.4% in the prior period, primarily due to the effect of higher average store sales on a partially fixed-cost base and improvements in store operations over time.
General and Administrative Expenses. The increase in general and administrative expenses primarily resulted from hiring more employees as we grew. As a percentage of total revenue, these expenses decreased to 8.2% in the first nine months of 2005 from 8.5% in the comparable 2004 period, due primarily to the effect of higher average store sales on a partially fixed-cost base.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased primarily due to stores opened in the last three months of 2004 and the first nine months of 2005. As a percentage of total revenue, depreciation and amortization decreased from 4.6% to 4.5%.
Pre-Opening Costs. Pre-opening costs decreased principally because there were fewer store openings in the first nine months of 2005 than in the comparable 2004 period.
Loss on Disposal of Assets. The increase of $0.4 million in loss on disposal of assets was largely due to additional write-offs associated with investigating potential store sites that we considered but subsequently rejected, as well as write-offs of obsolete equipment as a result of software upgrades.
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Net Interest Expense. The increase in interest expense (net of interest income) was due to higher average borrowings from McDonald's in the first nine months of 2005 than in the comparable 2004 period, as McDonald's did not make any equity contributions in the first nine months of 2005.
Benefit for Income Taxes. During the first nine months of 2005, we determined that it was more likely than not that we would realize our deferred tax assets and we reversed our valuation allowance. The benefit from the reduction of the valuation allowance, excluding the allowance on SRLY losses, was partially offset by our current tax expense, which resulted in the realization of a net tax benefit of $10.8 million. The reduction of the valuation allowance for the SRLY losses during the first nine months of 2005 reduced goodwill recorded in conjunction with McDonald's acquisition of us.
Year Ended December 31, 2004 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2003
The table below presents our operating results for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 and the related year-to-year changes:
| |
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
% Increase/ (Decrease) |
||||||||||
| |
2003 |
2004 |
||||||||||
| |
(in millions, except percentages) |
|||||||||||
| Restaurant sales | $ | 314.0 | $ | 468.6 | $ | 154.6 | 49.2 | % | ||||
| Food, beverage and packaging costs | 104.9 | 154.1 | 49.2 | 46.9 | ||||||||
| Labor costs | 94.0 | 139.5 | 45.5 | 48.4 | ||||||||
| Occupancy costs | 25.6 | 36.2 | 10.6 | 41.5 | ||||||||
| Other operating costs | 43.5 | 64.3 | 20.8 | 47.7 | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 34.2 | 44.8 | 10.6 | 31.1 | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization. | 15.1 | 21.8 | 6.7 | 44.5 | ||||||||
| Pre-opening costs | 1.6 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 34.4 | ||||||||
| Loss on disposal of assets | 4.5 | 1.7 | (2.8 | ) | (62.7 | ) | ||||||
| Net interest income | 0.2 | — | (0.2 | ) | n/a | |||||||
Restaurant Sales. Of the $154.6 million year-to-year increase in restaurant sales, $62.8 million resulted from sales by 103 company-operated stores opened in 2004, $50.3 million resulted from additional sales in 2004 by 74 company-operated stores opened in 2003 and $41.5 million was due to comp store sales increases. A substantial majority of the comp store sales growth was due to an increase in the number of transactions. Average store sales for 2004 increased 6.8% to $1,361,000 from $1,274,000 for 2003, driven primarily by comp store sales growth of 13.3% that reflected increasing nationwide awareness of our brand, which also enabled new stores to open with higher average store sales.
Food, Beverage and Packaging Costs. Food, beverage and packaging costs increased because we used more ingredients and packaging as a result of comp store sales increases, increasing sales at 74 stores opened in 2003 that were not in operation for 12 full months in the first six months of 2004 and sales at new stores opened in 2004. As a percentage of total revenue, food, beverage and packaging costs decreased to 32.7% in 2004 from 33.3% in 2003. This decrease was largely driven by a menu price increase that was partially offset by higher chicken, beef, cheese and tomato costs.
Labor Costs. The year-to-year increase in labor costs was due to the growth in our store base, as our average number of hourly employees increased to about 8,100 in 2004 from about 5,100 in 2003. The effect was particularly significant in 2004, when we opened a large number of stores and experienced the full-year impact of staff hired for stores opened throughout 2003. As a percentage of total revenue, labor costs decreased slightly to 29.6% in 2004 from 29.8% in 2003, largely due to improved employee efficiency resulting from an increase in the number of transactions, which did not require a corresponding increase in staff.
44
Occupancy Costs. The year-to-year increase in occupancy costs was primarily due to an increase in rental costs resulting from the large number of stores opened in 2004 and the full-year impact in 2004 of such costs for stores opened throughout 2003. As a percentage of total revenue, occupancy costs decreased from 8.1% in 2003 to 7.7% in 2004, largely as a result of the effect of higher average store sales on a largely fixed-cost base.
Other Operating Costs. The year-to-year increase in operating costs was driven by the large number of stores opened in 2004 and the full-year impact in 2004 of stores opened throughout 2003. As a percentage of restaurant sales, other operating costs declined slightly to 13.7% in 2004 from 13.8% in 2003, largely as a result of the effect of higher average store sales on a partially fixed-cost base.
General and Administrative Expenses. The increase in general and administrative expenses primarily resulted from a $4.0 million charge to set up a reserve related to potential credit card liabilities and hiring more employees as we grew. As a percentage of total revenue, these expenses decreased to 9.5% in 2004 from 10.8% in 2003 as a result of our ability to further leverage our existing corporate infrastructure over more stores.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased primarily due to stores opened in 2004 and the full-year impact in 2004 of stores opened throughout 2003. As a percentage of total revenue, depreciation and amortization decreased from 4.8% in 2003 to 4.6% in 2004, largely as a result of the effect of higher average store sales on a largely fixed-cost base.
Pre-Opening Costs. The increase in pre-opening costs was principally due to the opening of 103 company-operated stores in 2004, an increase of 29 company-operated store openings from 2003.
Loss on Disposal of Assets. The decrease in loss on disposal of assets was largely due to a $2.0 million write-off associated with the closing of three stores in 2003.
Net Interest Income. The decrease in interest income (net of interest expense) was due to reduced earnings on average excess cash deposits in 2004 as compared to 2003.
Year Ended December 31, 2003 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2002
The table below presents our operating results for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2003 and the related year-to-year changes:
| |
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
% Increase/ (Decrease) |
||||||||||
| |
2002 |
2003 |
||||||||||
| |
(in millions, except percentages) |
|||||||||||
| Restaurant sales | $ | 203.9 | $ | 314.0 | $ | 110.1 | 54.0 | % | ||||
| Food, beverage and packaging costs | 67.7 | 104.9 | 37.2 | 55.0 | ||||||||
| Labor costs | 66.5 | 94.0 | 27.5 | 41.4 | ||||||||
| Occupancy costs | 18.7 | 25.6 | 6.9 | 36.6 | ||||||||
| Other operating costs | 29.8 | 43.5 | 13.7 | 46.1 | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 25.8 | 34.2 | 8.4 | 32.5 | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization. | 11.3 | 15.1 | 3.8 | 34.0 | ||||||||
| Pre-opening costs | 1.0 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 59.6 | ||||||||
| Loss on disposal of assets | 1.5 | 4.5 | 3.0 | n/m | * | |||||||
| Net interest income | 0.3 | 0.2 | (0.1 | ) | (35.6 | ) | ||||||
Restaurant Sales. Of the $110.1 million year-to-year increase in restaurant sales, $48.0 million was due to comp store sales increases, $34.5 million resulted from additional sales in 2003 by 55
45
company-operated stores opened in 2002, and $27.6 million resulted from sales by 74 company-operated stores opened in 2003. Average store sales for 2003 increased 20.6% to $1,274,000 from $1,056,000 for 2002, driven primarily by comp store sales growth of 24.4% that reflected increasing nationwide awareness of our brand, which also enabled new stores to open with higher average store sales. A substantial majority of the comp store sales growth was due to an increase in the number of transactions.
Food, Beverage and Packaging Costs. Food, beverage and packaging costs increased because we used more ingredients and packaging as a result of comp store sales increases, increasing sales at 55 company-operated stores opened in 2002 that were not in operation for 12 full months in the first six months of 2003 and sales at new stores opened in 2003. As a percentage of total revenue, food, beverage and packaging costs increased to 33.3% in 2003 from 33.1% in 2002. This increase was largely due to cost increases for avocados and beef in 2003.
Labor Costs. The year-to-year increase in labor costs was due to the growth in our store base, as our average number of hourly employees increased to about 5,100 in 2003 from about 3,000 in 2002. The effect was significant in 2003, when we opened a large number of stores and experienced the full-year impact of staff hired for stores opened throughout 2002. As a percentage of total revenue, labor costs decreased to 29.8% for 2003 from 32.5% for 2002 as a result of improved employee efficiency resulting from an increase in the number of transactions, which did not require a corresponding increase in staff, and more effective scheduling of employee shifts.
Occupancy Costs. The year-to-year increase in occupancy costs was primarily due to an increase in rental costs resulting from the opening of new stores in 2003 and the full-year impact in 2003 of such costs for stores opened throughout 2002. As a percentage of total revenue, occupancy costs decreased to 8.1% in 2003 from 9.1% in 2002, largely as a result of the effect of higher average store sales on a largely fixed-cost base.
Other Operating Costs. The year-to-year increase in other operating costs was primarily due to the opening of new stores in 2003 and the full-year impact in 2003 of stores opened throughout 2002. As a percentage of total revenue, these expenses decreased to 13.8% for 2003 from 14.6% for 2002, largely as a result of the effect of higher average store sales on a partially fixed-cost base.
General and Administrative Expenses. The increase in general and administrative expenses was mainly the result of hiring more employees as we grew and increased marketing expenses. As a percentage of total revenue, these expenses decreased to 10.8% in 2003 from 12.6% in 2002 as a result of our ability to further leverage our existing corporate infrastructure over more stores and the impact of higher average store sales.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased primarily due to stores opened in 2003 and the full-year impact in 2003 of stores opened throughout 2002. As a percentage of total revenue, depreciation and amortization decreased to 4.8% in 2003 from 5.5% in 2002, largely as a result of the effect of higher average store sales.
Pre-Opening Costs. The increase in pre-opening costs was primarily a result of an increased number of store openings in 2003 compared to 2002, as well as an increase in average per-store opening costs in 2003 in order to promote brand awareness.
Loss on Disposal of Assets. A significant portion of the increase in loss on disposal of assets was attributable to having closed three stores in 2003 at a cost of $2.0 million compared to two stores in 2002 at a cost of $0.9 million.
Net Interest Income. The decrease in interest income (net of interest expense) was due to reduced earnings on average excess cash deposits in 2003 as compared to 2002.
46
Quarterly Financial Data
The following table presents consolidated statements of operations data for each of the eleven quarters in the period ended September 30, 2005. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results for any subsequent quarter.
| |
2003 Quarters Ended |
2004 Quarters Ended |
2005 Quarters Ended |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Mar. 31 |
June 30 |
Sept. 30 |
Dec. 31 |
Mar. 31 |
June 30 |
Sept. 30 |
Dec. 31 |
Mar. 31 |
June 30 |
Sept. 30 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| |
(in millions) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 64.7 | $ | 77.3 | $ | 85.4 | $ | 88.1 | $ | 101.4 | $ | 117.2 | $ | 124.6 | $ | 127.5 | $ | 133.4 | $ | 156.3 | $ | 164.7 | |||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | (4.0 | ) | (0.6 | ) | 0.2 | (3.5 | ) | 0.7 | 4.9 | 4.2 | (3.8 | ) | 4.4 | 9.3 | 9.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | (3.9 | ) | (0.5 | ) | 0.3 | (3.5 | ) | 0.5 | 5.0 | 4.3 | (3.7 | ) | 2.6 | 25.7 | 5.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Number of stores opened in quarter | 7 | 10 | 28 | 31 | 29 | 26 | 21 | 28 | 18 | 17 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Seasonal factors cause our revenue to fluctuate from quarter to quarter. Historically, our revenue is lower in the first and fourth quarters due, in part, to the holiday season and because fewer people eat out during periods of inclement weather (the winter months) than during periods of mild or warm weather (the spring, summer and fall months). Other factors also have a seasonal effect on our results. For example, stores located near colleges and universities generally do more business during the academic year. The number of trading days can also affect our results. For example, 2004 was a leap year, which contributed about 3 percentage points of the increase in our restaurant sales in February of that year. Overall, on a year-to-year basis, changes in trading days do not have a significant impact on our results.
Our quarterly results are also affected by other factors such as the number of new stores opened in a quarter and unanticipated events. New stores have lower margins immediately following opening as a result of the expenses associated with opening new stores and their operating inefficiencies in the months immediately following opening. Because we tend to open more new stores later in the fiscal year, our fourth quarter net income may be lower than in other quarters. In addition, unanticipated events also impact our results. For example, in the second quarter of 2005, we determined that it was more likely than not that we would realize our deferred tax assets and we reversed our valuation allowance, resulting in a net tax benefit of $16.7 million in that quarter. At December 31, 2004, we recorded charges of $4.0 million to establish a reserve for claims seeking reimbursement for purportedly fraudulent credit and debit card charges and for the cost of replacing cards and monitoring expenses and fees, which reduced our operating income. Our loss on disposal of assets in the first quarter of 2004 decreased compared to the same period in 2003 largely due to a $2.0 million write-off associated with the closing of three stores in the first quarter of 2003. Accordingly, results for a particular quarter are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other quarter or for any year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary liquidity and capital requirements are for new store construction, working capital and general corporate needs. We have financed these requirements primarily through equity sales to McDonald's and others as well as through cash flows from operations. At September 30, 2005, we had $2.0 million in cash and cash equivalents.
McDonald's and, to a lesser extent, some of our minority shareholders have historically provided us with significant financing. We have also historically obtained short-term borrowings from McDonald's from time to time under documented lines of credit at an interest rate equal to the U.S. prime rate plus 100 basis points. We've repaid these loans using a portion of the proceeds of private placements of our equity securities. In March 2004, April 2003 and April 2002, we issued shares of common stock to McDonald's, certain directors, employees and other persons who were accredited investors (consisting of friends and family of our employees and persons having business relationships with us), in each case as identified in our shareholders' agreement, for an aggregate purchase price of $65.0 million, $38.0 million and $55.0 million, respectively.
47
We haven't required significant working capital because customers pay using cash or credit cards and because our operations do not require significant receivables, nor do they require significant inventories due, in part, to our use of various fresh ingredients. In addition, we generally have the right to pay for the purchase of food, beverage and supplies some time after the receipt of those items, generally within ten days, thereby reducing the need for incremental working capital to support growth.
Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $52.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 compared to $31.1 million for the comparable period in 2004. The $22.2 million increase was primarily attributable to a $12.8 million improvement in income before income taxes driven by increased average store sales and a $4.6 million increase in depreciation and amortization (a non-cash expense) due to significantly more stores in operation in the first nine months of 2005 compared to the comparable 2004 period. Net cash provided by operating activities was $39.7 million for 2004 compared to $22.1 million for 2003. The $17.6 million increase in 2004 was primarily attributable to a $13.8 million improvement in net income (loss) driven primarily by increased average store sales and a $6.7 million increase in depreciation and amortization (a non-cash expense) due to significantly more stores in operation in 2004 than in 2003. Net cash provided by operating activities for 2002 was $6.0 million. The $16.1 million increase from 2002 to 2003 was primarily the result of an $9.6 million improvement in our net loss driven by increased average store sales and a $6.4 million increase in accounts payable and cash overdraft due to the substantially greater number of store openings in late 2003 than in late 2002.
Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $53.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $72.2 million for the comparable period in 2004. The $18.9 million decrease related to lower capital expenditures in 2005 as we opened 52 stores in the nine months ended September 30, 2005, compared with 75 stores in the nine months ended September 30, 2004. Net cash used in investing activities was $95.6 million for 2004 compared to $86.1 million for 2003. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily as a result of higher capital expenditures as we opened 104 stores in 2004, compared to 76 in 2003. We used $48.6 million in cash for investing activities in 2002. The $37.5 million increase in cash used for investing activities from 2002 to 2003 was due to higher capital expenditures as we opened 76 stores in 2003 compared to 57 in 2002.
Financing Activities. Net cash provided by financing activities was $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 compared to $41.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2004. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities in the 2005 period was attributable to decreased financing requirements as a result of improvements in our net cash provided by operating activities and fewer store openings in the nine months ended September 30, 2005 compared to the comparable period in 2004. Net cash provided by financing activities was $55.9 million for 2004 compared to $64.0 million for 2003. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities in 2004 was attributable to decreased financing requirements as a result of our strong improvement in net cash provided by operating activities, which was partially offset by more store openings in 2004. Our net cash provided by financing activities in 2002 was $42.6 million. We used about $21.4 million more cash for financing activities in 2003 compared to 2002 as a result of increased financing requirements resulting from more store openings in 2003.
Liquidity and Capital Expenditures. We will use the proceeds from this offering to repay the $4.6 million balance outstanding at September 30, 2005 under our $30 million revolving line of credit with McDonald's, to provide additional long-term capital to support the growth of our business (primarily through opening new stores), to continue to maintain our existing stores and for general corporate purposes. We do not expect McDonald's to continue to provide us with financing in the future. Therefore, we expect to maintain our business, expand our store base and further implement our growth strategy primarily using cash flow from operations, the proceeds from this offering and third-party financing. We currently expect that our total capital expenditures for 2005 will be about $75 million, and we expect to incur capital expenditures of about $95 million in 2006, relating primarily to our construction of new stores
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in both periods. We believe that our cash flow from operations, together with the net proceeds from this offering, will be enough to meet our ongoing capital expenditure, working capital and other cash needs over at least the next 24 months.
In connection with the repayment of our revolving line of credit from McDonald's, we're in the process of negotiating with several banks to establish a revolving credit facility. We intend to use this facility for general corporate purposes including future capital expenditures and working capital needs.
Contractual Obligations
Our contractual obligations at December 31, 2004 were as follows:
| |
Payments Due by Period |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Total |
Less than 1 year |
2-3 years |
4-5 years |
After 5 years |
||||||||||
| |
(in millions) |
||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | 724.1 | $ | 39.6 | $ | 79.6 | $ | 78.9 | $ | 526.0 | |||||
| Total contractual cash obligations | $ | 724.1 | $ | 39.6 | $ | 79.6 | $ | 78.9 | $ | 526.0 | |||||
We're obligated under non-cancelable leases for our stores and our administrative offices. Our leases generally have initial terms of either five to ten years with two or more five-year extensions, for end-cap and in-line stores, or 15 to 20 years with several five-year extensions, for free-standing stores. Our leases generally have renewal options and generally require us to pay a proportionate share of real estate taxes, insurance, common charges and other operating costs. Some store leases provide for contingent rental payments based on sales thresholds, although we generally do not expect to pay significant contingent rent on these properties based on the thresholds in those leases. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—Substantially all of our stores are located in leased space that is subject to long-term non-cancelable leases, and we're also subject to all of the risks associated with owning real estate with respect to the real property that we own." At September 30, 2005, there were no material differences in our outstanding contractual obligations, except that as of that date we had $4.6 million outstanding under our revolving line of credit with McDonald's and $2.4 million of deemed landlord financing.
As discussed in "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Services Agreement," we expect to enter into an agreement with McDonald's pursuant to which McDonald's will continue to provide us, for a mutually agreed-upon fee, with certain services it has historically provided. In addition, we may in the future repurchase Chipotle franchises from our franchisees in connection with their obligation to dispose of either that franchise or their McDonald's franchise within 24 months after relevant triggering events. We are not obligated to repurchase any of these franchises. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Agreements With Franchisees."
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
At December 31, 2004 and September 30, 2005, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements or obligations.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk
We're exposed to interest rate risk in two ways. First, we've invested our excess cash under an agreement with McDonald's. Under that agreement, McDonald's has agreed to pay us interest on those cash investments at the 30-day commercial paper rate plus 50 basis points. Changes in interest rates affect the interest income we earn and, therefore, impact our cash flows and results of operations. At December 31, 2004, we had deposited $0.7 million with McDonald's under this agreement, bearing interest at 2.66% on that date. We're also exposed to interest rate risk as a result of our interest-bearing obligations. Such exposures currently are limited to borrowings we've made under our $30 million line of
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credit with McDonald's, which bears interest at the U.S. prime rate plus 100 basis points. At September 30, 2005, we had $4.6 million outstanding under this line of credit with McDonald's, bearing interest at 7.5% on that date. We expect that this line of credit will be terminated in connection with this offering and that we will repay any outstanding amounts.
We're also exposed to commodity price risks. Many of the ingredients we use to prepare our food, as well as our packaging materials, are commodities that are affected by weather, seasonality and other factors outside our control. We work closely with our suppliers and use a mix of forward, fixed and formula pricing protocols. Though we do not have long-term supply contracts or guaranteed purchase amounts, our pricing protocols with suppliers can remain in effect for periods ranging from one month to a year, depending on the outlook for prices of the particular ingredient. We've tried to increase, where necessary, the number of suppliers for our ingredients, which we believe can help mitigate pricing volatility, and we follow industry news, trade issues, weather, crises and other world events that may affect supply prices. Long-term increases in ingredient prices could adversely affect our future results if we could not increase menu prices at the same pace for competitive or other reasons. Similarly, if we believe the ingredient price increase to be short in duration we may choose not to pass on the cost increases, which could adversely affect our short-term financial results.
Inflation
Over the past five years, inflation has not significantly affected our operating results. The impact of inflation could, however, significantly affect our operations in the following ways:
In some markets, inflation rates may be higher than the national average.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 123R, which replaces the requirements under SFAS 123 and APB 25. The statement sets accounting requirements for share-based compensation to employees, including employee stock option and purchase plans, and requires all share-based payments, including employee stock options, to be recognized in the financial statements based on their fair value. It carried forward prior guidance on accounting for awards to non-employees. We adopted SFAS 123R during the first quarter of 2005 using the modified-prospective transition method. Results for prior periods will not be restated. Had we adopted SFAS 123R in prior periods, the impact would have approximated the impact of SFAS 123 as described in note 1 of our consolidated financial statements and above in "—Other Factors Affecting Our Results."
In October 2005, the FASB issued FSP 13-1, which requires rental costs associated with ground or building operating leases incurred during a construction period to be recognized as rental expense.
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FSP 13-1 applies to reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2005. Retroactive application is permitted, but not required. Had FSP 13-1 been effective in prior periods, we would have recognized additional costs of $1.8 million, $2.5 million and $3.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively, and $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. We expect to incur higher pre-opening costs as a result of the application of FSP 13-1 in future periods.
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When a Chain Isn't a "Chain"
When Chipotle opened its first store in 1993, the idea was simple: demonstrate that food served fast didn't have to be a "fast-food" experience. We tried to avoid using a formulaic approach when creating our experience and looked to fine-dining restaurants for inspiration. We use high-quality raw ingredients, classic cooking methods and a distinctive interior design, and have friendly people to take care of each customer—features that are more frequently found in the world of fine dining. When we opened, there wasn't an industry category to describe what we were doing. Some 12 years and more than 460 stores later, we compete in a category of dining now called "fast-casual," the fastest growing segment of the restaurant industry, where customers expect food quality that's more in line with full-service restaurants, coupled with the speed and convenience of fast food.
A lot of what we do can be related to our namesake: the chipotle pepper. A chipotle pepper is a jalapeño pepper that's been dried, then smoked over mesquite, transforming its simple taste into a richly nuanced, smoky flavor. We've used that characteristic of the chipotle as an inspiration in all of the elements that shape the depth of flavor and nuance in what we do at Chipotle—great food accessible at reasonable prices, genuinely friendly people providing real service and a stylish atmosphere.
What We Do Really Well
We try to do a few things really well, and we plan to keep this intentionally focused strategy as we grow. We transform our food in the same way the jalapeño is transformed into a chipotle, elevating basic raw ingredients into food that's richer and more sophisticated through our recipes and cooking techniques. Our store design also transforms simple materials in distinctive ways, giving our stores a style that's more architectural in nature and less dependent on standardized design elements to influence the customer experience. We respect our employees and invite them to share their ideas on how to best serve our customers, which we think inspires them to take pride in their work and increases their dedication to our customers and our company. From our focused menu to the uncomplicated flow of our stores, simple but thorough management and operations practices and a comparatively small inventory (about 130 items on hand, including things like chicken, steak, napkins and forks, compared to 1,000 or more in some other fast-food establishments), we think that keeping things simple helps us focus on serving great food.
"Food With Integrity"
Our focus has always been on using the kinds of higher-quality ingredients and cooking techniques used in high-end restaurants to make great food accessible at reasonable prices. But as we've grown, our vision has evolved. While using a variety of fresh ingredients remains the foundation of our menu, we believe that "fresh is not enough, anymore." "Fresh" is just a starting point. Now we want to know where all of our ingredients come from—how vegetables are grown and animals are raised—so that we can be sure they are flavorful while understanding the environmental and societal impact of our business. We call this idea "food with integrity," and it guides how we run our business.
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quality ingredients and making higher-quality food that's previously been available only in some grocery stores and high-end restaurants accessible to just about everyone.
We believe that our focus on "food with integrity" will resonate with customers as the public becomes increasingly aware of, and concerned about, what they eat.
Our Employees Set Us Apart
We believe that our front-line crew differentiates the Chipotle experience. We place a premium on finding employees who will thrive in an environment where they're expected to do more than follow a detailed manual and who embrace our vision of good food, served quickly. This is important because our food ordering process lets our customers select exactly what they want and how they want it by speaking directly to the employees preparing the food. Virtually all of what our crew does is in view of customers, giving them a chance to display their culinary skills as well as their individuality. These and other aspects of our culture set us apart from many of our competitors, as described below under "—Making and Selling "One Burrito At A Time": Store Management and Operations." Because the person who prepares the food—grilling chicken and steak, chopping fresh vegetables, tossing freshly steamed rice with cilantro and citrus juice—is often the same person who serves it, our employees have a strong sense of pride in their work. We think this and our crew's commitment to our vision contribute to better execution and service and are reflected in our crew turnover rate, which we believe is lower than the average in our industry.
No Two Stores Are The Same
The design of each Chipotle store reflects the same idea as our food: a limited number of basic materials—concrete, corrugated barn metal, plywood, steel and utilitarian light fixtures—used in creative ways. We design each store individually to suit the space. Our stores rely on a natural flow to make the food ordering process intuitive. Our approach allows us to build stores that are unmistakably Chipotle, while respecting the character of the neighborhoods where we operate, as described below under "—Looking for New Opportunities: Site Development and Expansion." The design of our serving line and our open kitchens also exemplify our vision, demonstrating our commitment to cooking higher-quality food. Through this approach, we think we've made interesting and intelligent design available to the general public.
Customers Who Sell For Us
We believe the best and most recognizable brands aren't built through advertising or promotional campaigns alone, but rather through deeply held beliefs evident in how a company runs its business. All of the ways that we project ourselves—beginning with each customer's experience in our stores, the look and feel of our stores, our advertising and promotional programs, and the design items that carry our name or logo—influence how people think about us. By adhering to this principle, we believe that Chipotle is becoming a highly recognized brand. Although our marketing program has many components, we believe the single greatest contributor to our success has been word-of-mouth, with our customers learning about
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us and telling others. Our website generated about 290,000 visits in August 2005, and some of our customers have gone so far as to develop websites about Chipotle, providing a way for Chipotle customers to share their stories. This kind of support helps us grow without requiring additional advertising expenditures. When we open a new store, we plan a range of activities to introduce our food to the local community to help create interest in the store from the start. And our advertising, which includes print, outdoor, transit and radio ads and most recently a sponsorship of a cooking show on the Public Broadcasting Service, has a low-key and irreverent tone that has been popular with customers. In addition, a number of publications have written favorably about our food and store concept, and our food and stores have even featured in television programs produced without our involvement. We describe all of this in more detail below under "—Communicating With Customers: Advertising and Marketing."
Rapidly Improving Financial Performance
Our business model is simple. We start by giving our employees fun and meaningful work, and treating them with respect. We think this makes them happier, and we believe happier employees help make customers happier. Happier customers come back more frequently and are more likely to tell their friends and families about their experience at our stores. This simple but effective approach has helped us build a sizeable and loyal customer base and resulted in rapidly improving financial performance over the last decade. Our revenue was $470.7 million in 2004, a 130% increase from 2002, driven by new store openings and increased average store sales. During 2002, 2003 and 2004, we opened 237 stores in total. Increases in average store sales have occurred partly because the time it takes for our new stores to ramp up has consistently shortened as we've grown and customers have learned about our brand, enabling new stores to open with higher average sales. Average sales for new stores in the first 90 trading days increased 29.4% to $303,390 for stores opened in 2004 from $234,450 for stores opened in 2002. We've also had strong growth in comp store sales, due mainly to an increase in the number of transactions. Our net income reached $6.1 million in 2004 and $33.4 million (inclusive of a non-recurring $20.3 million tax benefit) in the first nine months of 2005, and our EBITDA was $27.9 million in 2004 and $43.7 million in the first nine months of 2005.
Management's Passion, Not Just Experience
Our senior management is comprised of people who bring a mix of restaurant and business experience to their work. But most importantly, the team is committed to making Chipotle's vision a part of all facets of our business. Steve Ells, our founder and Chief Executive Officer, holds a degree from the Culinary Institute of America. Before he opened our first store in 1993, Steve cooked at Stars restaurant in San Francisco under chef Jeremiah Tower. The Chipotle experience is infused with Steve's understanding of, and passion for, fine dining. Monty Moran, our President and Chief Operating Officer, joined Chipotle in March 2005, previously serving as chief executive officer of Messner & Reeves, LLC, a private law firm, and as general counsel of Chipotle for much of our history. Jack Hartung, our Chief Finance and Development Officer, joined Chipotle in 2002, after spending 18 years with McDonald's, where he held a variety of management positions. Most recently, Jack was vice president and chief financial officer for McDonald's Partner Brands group, where he oversaw Chipotle's financial operations from December 1999 to August 2002. Bob Wilner, our Chief Administrative Officer, joined Chipotle in 2002, and previously served as vice president of human resources for McDonald's Partner Brands group. Together, our senior management team will beneficially own about 5% of the combined voting power of our outstanding stock and 4% of the economic interest in our outstanding common stock after this offering.
Where We Go From Here
We believe that our growth has been driven by the appeal of our food, the clarity of our vision, the increasing strength of our brand and our commitment to constantly improving our customer experience. We anticipate that our growth plans for the foreseeable future will continue to be rooted in these fundamentals as we bring the Chipotle experience to more people.
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Focusing On Our Vision to Appeal to Customers
Our menu is intentionally simple. By focusing on just a few menu items, we can concentrate our effort on doing a few things very well. We haven't really changed our approach that much since 1993, but we've strived to make our food taste better. For example, we've tried to improve the quality of our ingredients, when we can do so at a reasonable price. We believe that by focusing on the details of quality, service and the Chipotle experience, we'll be able to bring great food—and our vision—to new customers and keep existing customers coming back. The more people understand and share our vision of "food with integrity," we think the more they'll want to eat our food. We believe that consumers' increasing concern about the food they eat will foster demand for higher-quality foods. We believe this, in turn, will attract the interest and capital investment of larger farms and suppliers, and help us make our food more accessible. That said, we understand that we'll continue to be at the forefront of this trend and must balance our interest in advancing "food with integrity" with our desire to provide great food at reasonable prices.
Expanding Our Operations and Sales
We plan to increase both sales and profits by opening new stores and increasing comp store sales:
Our Industry
Research shows that people need to eat. Where and what they choose to eat, however, has been gradually changing over time. Studies show that, over the past 50 years, people in the United States have relatively steadily shifted toward purchasing food away from home, instead of preparing and eating food at home. And the restaurant industry has grown to accommodate that trend. The National Restaurant Association estimates that the U.S. industry's sales in 2005 will reach $476 billion (about 4.0% of the U.S. gross domestic product) at 900,000 locations nationwide. The Association further predicts that, by 2010, food purchased away from home will represent more than half of all consumer food purchases, and that the number of restaurants around the country will swell to more than a million locations.
We believe that there are many reasons that the industry is expanding and eating out is becoming increasingly popular. A growing population means more customers for restaurants to draw from, higher income levels (particularly among dual-income families, "Gen-Xers" and "baby boomers") mean more discretionary income to spend eating out, and busier lifestyles mean people have less time to prepare food at home. As a result, more people are willing to pay for the convenience of quality food made by others. As the restaurant industry adapts to consumer trends, restaurants (including fast-casual restaurants in
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particular) have increasingly made available the higher-quality food that people want, as illustrated by the proliferation of premium coffee shops, beers, specialty supermarkets and the like.
Restaurants today come in many shapes and sizes, ranging from high-end full-service restaurants to fast-food establishments. But that hasn't always been the case. When Steve Ells opened the first Chipotle in 1993, consumers had few dining options between traditional fast-food establishments and high-end full-service restaurants. Steve was frustrated by this lack of options and thought he could fill the void. Relying on his view that "fast" didn't have to mean "fast food," Steve opened the first Chipotle store and served food made from higher-quality ingredients, using many traditional cooking methods and prepared to order rather than in advance. Steve tried to avoid formulaic approaches that were common in quick-service restaurants and looked to fine-dining restaurants for inspiration, using architectural and design elements like those one would expect in a full-service restaurant. He also chose a simple menu that allowed him to price menu items closer to fast-food prices and decided not to use waiters, so that food could be quickly served directly to the customer.
When we opened our first store in 1993, there wasn't even an industry category to describe what we were doing. Since then, others have moved to fill the gap between fast-food establishments and full-service restaurants and a new industry segment, dubbed "fast-casual," has emerged. These restaurants combined characteristics from both full-service restaurants (the more pleasant atmosphere, higher-quality ingredients and food that's made to order) and from quick-service restaurants (chiefly accessibility, lower prices and faster service), and blended them to create something that sets fast-casual restaurants apart from both. Like many fast-casual restaurants, our stores feature last-minute food preparation and assembly with menu items ordered directly from the employees preparing the food, and rely on a variety of fresh ingredients used in creative ways, all served in stores that emphasize design. Customers of fast-casual restaurants often have to pay a bit more for the experience—the fast-casual segment charges, on average, about $7 to $10 per person. The growing demand for fast-casual restaurants (particularly among "Gen-Xers" and "baby boomers") and the increasing popularity and acceptance of various ethnic foods work to our advantage.
And customers have been gravitating to fast-casual restaurants. In 2004, the fast-casual segment generated about $7.2 billion in sales (representing 2.3% of the industry), according to Technomic, Inc., a national consulting and research firm, and, based on the data prepared by Technomic, is the fastest growing segment of the restaurant industry. Indeed, in 2004, sales in the fast-casual segment grew 12.8%, compared to 7.2% for the industry as a whole, and Technomic has forecast such sales to grow at a compound annual growth rate of between 10.8% and 12.5% from 2004 to 2009, compared to 5.6% for the industry generally.
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Competition
The fast-casual segment of the restaurant industry is highly competitive and fragmented. In addition, fast-casual restaurants compete against other segments of the restaurant industry, including in particular quick-service restaurants and casual dining restaurants. The number, size and strength of competitors vary by region. All of these restaurants compete based on a number of factors, including taste, quickness of service, value, name recognition, restaurant location and customer service. Competition within the fast-casual restaurant segment, however, focuses primarily on taste, quality and the freshness of the menu items and the ambiance and condition of each restaurant. For further information about the restaurant industry, see "—Our Industry" above.
We compete with national and regional fast-casual and quick-service restaurants, including our parent McDonald's. Our competition also includes a variety of locally owned restaurants and the deli sections and in-store cafés of several major grocery store chains. Many of our competitors have greater financial and other resources, have been in business longer, have greater name recognition and are better established in the markets where our stores are located or are planned to be located. See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—Competition from restaurant companies could adversely affect us." Our competitors include a number of multi-unit, multi-market Mexican food or burrito restaurant concepts,
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some of which have plans for national expansion and some of which have raised capital in the public or private financial markets.
We believe we're well-positioned to continue to grow our market position in existing and new markets given current favorable consumer trends, including the increasing impact of Hispanic culture on food and flavors, the growth of the Mexican food segment and increasing public awareness and concern about what they eat. Some of our competitors have formats similar to ours. We believe, however, that Chipotle is rapidly becoming one of the most recognized fast-casual restaurants and is known for its focus on using a variety of fresh ingredients and commitment to "food with integrity," which we think represents a significant competitive advantage in the segment in which we operate.
Making and Selling "One Burrito At A Time": Store Management And Operations
People With Passion. We value the individuality of our company, our employees and our customers, which we believe results in a management, operations and training philosophy distinct from that of our competitors. We make an effort to hire employees who share a passion for food, and who will operate our stores in a way that is consistent with our high standards but that allows each of their unique personalities and strengths to contribute to our success. We also produce training materials that require thought on the part of our employees, rather than providing rote, step-by-step scripts or rigid policy manuals. Through our culture, diversity and language programs that we provide in all of our markets, we teach English to Spanish-speaking workers and Spanish to English-speakers, which helps staff to better serve customers and makes for tighter crews. This program helps people feel more comfortable to grow and develop skills that help them both at work and in their personal lives.
Importance of Methods and Culture. Although we have many stores, we believe that our departure from the automated cooking techniques used by many of our competitors sets our vision and our food apart. Our crews use classic professional cooking methods, including slicing, marinating and grilling our meat ingredients and hand-chopping many of our vegetables, in kitchens resembling those of high-end restaurants. Everyone, including our store managers, spends his or her first three weeks working solely with food and learning those techniques, and we spend a significant portion of time ensuring that each crew member learns how to prepare and cook our food properly. Despite our more labor-intensive method of food preparation, we believe that we produce food with an efficiency that enables us to compete effectively.
The Front Line is Key. Our store and kitchen designs intentionally place crew members "up front" with customers to reinforce our focus on service. Our employees are encouraged to have genuine interactions with customers no matter what they are doing, whether preparing food or serving customers during our busiest period. We focus on attracting and keeping people who can replicate that experience for each customer "one burrito at a time." We provide each customer with individual attention and make every effort to respond to customer suggestions and concerns in a personal and hospitable way. We believe our focus on creating a positive and interactive experience helps build loyalty and enthusiasm for our brand among store managers, crew members and customers alike.
The Basics. Each store typically has a store manager, an assistant manager and as many as 23 to 25 full and part-time crew members. We generally have two shifts at most of our stores, which helps us better predict our store payroll expenses and in return provides our employees with more stable and predictable work hours. We tend to have more employees in our busier stores. We cross-train our employees, with a view to creating depth of competency in our critical store functions. Consistent with our emphasis on customer contact, we encourage our store managers and crew members to welcome and interact with customers throughout the day. And although they may increase our labor costs or general and administrative expenses, we believe that the benefits we provide to our employees, which include language training and our company car program for longer-term store managers, help us to attract and keep good store managers and crew members.
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In addition to the employees we have at each store, we also have area managers (who are responsible for between three and eight stores each) and operations directors (each of whom is responsible for about 50 stores). Our four regional directors each supervise between one and three operations directors and report to our President and Chief Operating Officer.
Looking for New Opportunities: Site Development and Expansion
Our store locations are critical to our long-term success, and we devote significant time and resources to assessing each prospective site. We've developed specific criteria (described below) to evaluate each site. We continuously review these criteria and adjust them as warranted by changing circumstances in our business or local operating conditions.
What We're Looking For. We primarily focus our search for sites on major metropolitan areas, particularly suburban and urban areas with strong residential and daytime populations. Our demographic requirements include areas with at least 15,000 residents ranging in age from 18 to 49, a daytime population of at least 10,000 and a household median income above the national average. Preferred locations include shopping center end-caps and free-standing buildings near large intersections, residential areas, offices, retail outlets, universities, recreational facilities and hospitals. We also consider various other factors, including traffic patterns, area restaurant competition, the likely effect on sales of our nearby stores, parking, accessibility, potential store size and visibility. In larger metropolitan regions, we generally open stores in urban storefronts. We use a combination of our own development staff and outside real estate consultants to locate, evaluate and negotiate new sites using these criteria. We use in-house demographic software to assist in our evaluation, which we also use as our store lifecycle management system.
The cost to open a Chipotle store depends on several factors, including the type of real estate, the location of the site and the amount of construction required. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—How We Make Money—Expanding Store Base." We generally lease the land where we build our stores. We sometimes receive landlord development and/or rent allowances for leasehold improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment.
Design Matters. We design each store individually to suit the space, and no two stores look exactly the same. This approach, which is critical to our brand identity, allows us to build stores that are unmistakably Chipotle, while respecting the character of the neighborhoods where we operate. Whether we're in a historic district in an urban area, or a suburban community with more restrictive zoning and similar requirements, we try to design and build stores that complement their surroundings, rather than overwhelm them. The overall layouts, together with the sights and sounds of our food preparation, work together to contribute to our distinctive dining experience. We've even taken the fundamental and necessary elements of any store, such as chairs, tables and lighting, and included them in our design aesthetic. Our stores don't use signs that say "Order Here" or "Pick-up Here," but instead rely on a natural flow, based on the floor plan and architectural elements, to make the food ordering process intuitive. And our music is distinctive too—we select each song played in our stores to match our design and our overall approach to the Chipotle dining experience. Even the design of our chairs and artwork, created by a Colorado artist, is unique to Chipotle. The design of our serving line and our open kitchens also exemplify our vision, demonstrating our commitment to cooking fresh food. We strive to entertain our customers with our design and décor and provide a distinct visual, auditory and olfactory experience.
Where You Can Find Us: Store Locations
At October 31, 2005, we and our franchisees operated 467 stores. Starting from 177 stores on January 1, 2002, we've expanded our store base substantially since that time. For additional information on past and planned store openings, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—How We Make Money: Restaurant Sales—Expanding Store Base." The table
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below sets forth the locations (by state) of Chipotle stores in operation and under construction on October 31, 2005, including stores under construction that we expect to open in 2006:
| |
Stores in operation |
Stores under construction |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 20 | 3 | |||
| California | 64 | 5 | |||
| Colorado | 55 | — | |||
| District of Columbia | 6 | — | |||
| Florida | 11 | 4 | |||
| Georgia | 9 | 1 | |||
| Illinois | 46 | 1 | |||
| Indiana | 5 | 1 | |||
| Kansas | 12 | — | |||
| Kentucky | 5 | — | |||
| Maryland | 20 | 1 | |||
| Michigan | 0 | 2 | |||
| Minnesota | 35 | 2 | |||
| Missouri | 8 | 1 | |||
| Nebraska | 6 | — | |||
| Nevada | 5 | — | |||
| New York | 12 | 2 | |||
| Ohio | 57 | 5 | |||
| Oregon | 4 | 1 | |||
| Texas | 58 | 2 | |||
| Virginia | 19 | 1 | |||
| Washington | 2 | 3 | |||
| Wisconsin | 8 | — | |||
| Total | 467 | (1) | 35 | ||
Of our stores on that date, 115 were free-standing units, 258 were located at end-cap locations, 85 were located at in-line locations and nine were in malls. The average free-standing store seats about 100 customers while the average in-line or end-cap store seats about 65 customers. Our stores typically range in size from 1,800 square feet to 2,800 square feet, depending on trade space characteristics, with the average store being about 2,500 square feet. Most of our stores also feature outdoor patio space. See "—Making and Selling 'One Burrito At A Time': Store Management and Operations" for additional information about our stores, and "—Franchising" for a discussion of our franchisees.
"Hours To Prepare, Seconds to Serve": Menu and Food Preparation
A Few Things, Thousands of Ways. We serve only a few things: burritos, burrito bols (a burrito without the tortilla), tacos and salads. But because customers can choose from four different meats, two types of beans and a variety of extras such as salsas, guacamole, cheese and lettuce, there's enough variety to extend our menu to provide more than 65,000 choices (mathematically speaking). We plan to keep a simple menu, but we'll always consider additions that we think make sense. Furthermore, we've from time to time extended our core menu items to enhance sales. For example, we introduced the burrito bol in 2003 and, in 2005, we rolled out a salad that uses the same ingredients as our burritos and tacos, with the addition of a chipotle-honey vinaigrette that we make in-store daily.
In preparing our food, we use gas stoves and grills, pots and pans, wire whisks and other kitchen utensils, walk-in refrigerators stocked with a variety of fresh ingredients, and dry goods including rice, herbs and spices. Ingredients we use include marinated chicken, carnitas (seasoned free-range pork),
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barbacoa (spicy shredded beef), marinated steak and pinto and vegetarian black beans. We add our rice, which is flavored with cilantro and lime, as well as freshly shredded cheese, sour cream, lettuce, tomatoes, peppers and onions, depending on each customer's specifications. We use various herbs, spices and seasonings to prepare our meats and vegetables. We also provide a variety of extras such as guacamole and salsas. To complement our main menu items, we also serve tortilla chips seasoned with lime and salt. In addition to sodas and other soft drinks, most of our stores also offer a selection of beer and margaritas.
We prepare most items from scratch in our stores, and we've developed a start-to-finish process for food preparation that drives our food ordering process. In all of our stores, we make our guacamole, tomato and corn salsa daily, using what we believe are the best available ingredients, including Hass avocados, herbs, spices and real citrus juice.
Food Served Fast … So That Customers Can Enjoy It Slowly. Our employees spend hours preparing our food on-site, but each customer order can be ready in seconds. Customers select exactly what they want and how they want it by speaking directly to the employees preparing the food. While we think that our customers come because of the great-tasting food, we also think that they like getting food served fast without having a "fast-food" experience, even when they're not in a hurry. And while our stores often have lines, we try to get food to people as quickly as possible; we've even been able to serve as many as 300 people an hour at some locations. The natural flow of our overall layout, including the floor plan and the design of our serving line, are designed to make the food ordering process intuitive and thus, we believe, more efficient. And we're focused on further improving the speed of service in all of our restaurants, so that we can accommodate more customers and larger orders without disrupting store traffic, as discussed above under "—Where We Go From Here—Expanding Our Operations and Sales—Selling More Food Every Day." By emphasizing speed of service without compromising the genuine interactions between our customers and our crews, and by continually making improvements to our stores to keep pace at even our highest-volume stores, we believe that we can provide the Chipotle experience to more and more customers.
"Food with Integrity." We focus on quality, service and the Chipotle experience. At the same time, however, we're committed to emphasizing "food with integrity," beginning with our suppliers and ending with the way we prepare food for customers. Because our menu is so focused, we can concentrate on where we obtain each ingredient, and this has become a cornerstone of our continuous effort to improve our food. All of our pork, for example, comes from pigs that are naturally raised without the use of antibiotics in open pastures or deeply bedded barns, without limited confinement. We also serve naturally raised chicken in about 35% of our stores and naturally raised beef in about 20% of our stores. For us, "naturally raised" means that our suppliers' pigs, chickens and cattle are raised in humane environments on vegetarian diets without the use of antibiotics. It also means that our suppliers don't use hormones, which are prohibited by federal regulations for pork and chicken, and which we explicitly prohibit for our beef. We're enthusiastically investigating the use of more sustainably grown produce, meaning produce grown by suppliers who we believe respect the environment, while still charging reasonable prices for our food. Today, about 15% of all of the beans we buy are organically grown, that is, they meet U.S. Food and Drug Administration standards for "organic." At each store, we mix those organically grown beans with other ingredients that don't meet those standards in the food we sell to customers. We even work with experts in the areas of animal ethics to create more humane farming environments, and visit the farms and ranches from which we obtain our ingredients.
We do, however, face challenges in pursuing this approach, including the length of time, costs and risks associated with purchasing naturally raised or sustainably grown ingredients. Naturally raised meat and sustainably grown vegetables are more costly and the growth process is longer. Herd losses are also greater when animals aren't treated with antibiotics and hormones. Given the costs associated with natural and sustainable farming practices, many large suppliers have not found it economical to pursue business in this area. We believe that consumers' increasing concern about where and how food is raised, environmental management and animal husbandry will foster demand for these foods, which will in turn
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attract the interest and capital investment of larger farms and suppliers. That said, we understand that we'll continue to be at the forefront of this trend and must balance our interest in advancing "food with integrity" with our desire to provide great food at reasonable prices. If our focus resonates with consumers, it should improve our sourcing flexibility, although we would expect that these ingredients and other raw materials will remain more expensive than commodity-priced equivalents for some time to come.
Looking Out For Customers: Quality Control
We've designed our food safety and quality assurance programs to maintain high standards for our food and food preparation procedures. Our quality assurance manager performs comprehensive store and supplier audits based upon the potential food safety risk of each food. We regularly inspect our suppliers to ensure that the ingredients we buy conform to our quality standards and that the prices we pay are competitive. We also rely on recipes, specifications and protocols to ensure that our food is the best quality possible when served, including a physical examination of ingredients when they arrive at our stores and "mystery shopper" visits to each store at least once each month—sometimes twice, depending on the particular market. Area managers visit and evaluate each store for which they're responsible once every three months and regional training consultants visit and evaluate each certified training store every six months. We also train our employees to pay detailed attention to food quality at every stage of the food preparation cycle, and have developed a daily checklist that our employees use to assess the freshness and quality of food supplies delivered to the stores where they work. Finally, we encourage our customers to communicate with us about our food quality so that we can identify and resolve problems or concerns as quickly as possible.
Where We Get Our Ingredients: Provisions and Supplies
Close Relationships With Vendors. Maintaining high-quality levels in our stores depends in part on our ability to acquire fresh ingredients and other necessary supplies that meet our specifications from reliable suppliers. We purchase from various suppliers, carefully selected based on quality and their understanding of our brand, and we seek to develop mutually beneficial long-term relationships with them. We work closely with our suppliers and use a mix of forward, fixed and formula pricing protocols, although we do not have long-term supply contracts or guaranteed purchase amounts. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—How We Spend Money" for additional information about our purchasing arrangements. We've tried to increase, where necessary, the number of suppliers for our ingredients, which we believe can help mitigate pricing volatility, and we follow industry news, trade issues, weather, crises and other world events that may affect supply prices.
We do not purchase raw materials directly from farmers or other suppliers. Instead, we train suppliers to purchase ingredients and other supplies for us based upon our specifications and to negotiate the terms of purchase with raw materials suppliers on our behalf. We estimate that we have 50 key food suppliers for our meats, beans, tortillas, seasonings, dairy products, salsas, produce, packaging and beverages. Purchases made from our ten largest suppliers in 2004 and the first nine months of 2005 represented about 25% of our revenue, with purchases from our largest supplier representing 5% of revenue.
Distribution Arrangements. We deliver ingredients and other supplies to our stores from 16 regional distribution centers. As a subsidiary of McDonald's, we've relied on its distribution network. Of our 16 distribution centers, 13 serve McDonald's, its subsidiaries and its franchisees exclusively, while the other three have customers other than McDonald's. Although this network is comprised of independent distribution centers, we anticipate that we may need to replace some of them as we become more independent from McDonald's.
Relationship With McDonald's. We also benefit from our relationship with McDonald's when we buy supplies or distribution or other services. Our relationship gives us substantial credibility with our suppliers, and we can use McDonald's knowledge of purchasing and supply chain management to negotiate lower prices. For example, McDonald's relationship with Coca-Cola has helped us contain our beverage
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costs, and we've historically had access to the McDonald's distribution network. We also use many of the same suppliers for our paper and packaging products. See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—As we increase our independence from McDonald's, we may face difficulties replacing services it currently provides to us and entering into new or modified arrangements with existing or new suppliers or service providers" and "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions."
Communicating With Customers: Advertising and Marketing
Advertising and Other Ways Customers Learn About Chipotle. We try to keep our customers coming back to our stores based on the experience we create. We spent about $8.7 million on advertising in 2004, and we expect to spend about $9.8 million on advertising in 2005, of which we had spent $7.8 million by September 30, 2005, representing in each case less than 2% of our total revenue in those periods. We believe that word-of-mouth is the best and most effective method of building our brand, and that the Chipotle experience inspires our customers to continue frequenting our stores and to recommend our food to others.
We design our advertising to stir our customers' passion for great food without compromising convenience. And we do it using a low-key and irreverent voice that's been popular with customers. We target all kinds of customers; based on our most recent marketing survey, however, most of our customers are adults between the ages of 18 and 44, relatively evenly split by gender and marital status, with slightly more of our customers having no children. We spend our advertising budget primarily on print, outdoor, transit and radio ads and direct mailings in markets where we have some existing market penetration. We used television advertising for the first time in 2005, when we sponsored a program on the Public Broadcasting Service entitled "Bittman Takes on America's Chefs."
We want our customers to think our advertising is creative. We try to surprise them each time with our ad messages, which are simple and focused, as we seek both to entertain and sell. Our print ads have been the core of our advertising efforts and focus on our iconic foil-wrapped burrito image (like the one on the cover of this prospectus), coupled with messages that emphasize our recipes, spicy flavors and the size of our portions, among other features. We've even included some examples in the electronic version of this prospectus so that you can get an idea of our approach (and you can see some of our print ads on the inside front and back covers). We use a number of individual free-lance artists and small advertising agencies to help to make each of our ads unique, and we have no long-term relationships with large advertising agencies. We also use our packaging to educate our customers about our vision and to surprise them with humorous messages similar in style to those used in our print ads. We also sell and give away t-shirts and other items bearing our messages and images.
We also believe that our website is an important marketing tool that creates a strong customer connection. Through it, we generated about 290,000 visits in August 2005.
Our approach to food, service and atmosphere has captured the attention of some of the country's most renowned news media, including several well-regarded food critics, which we think is unusual in our segment of the restaurant industry. The Washington Post, Food and Wine magazine, the New York Times, Fast Company magazine, the Seattle Times, the Atlanta-Journal Constitution, the Denver Post, and many other newspapers, magazines and media outlets have praised Chipotle. MTV's popular reality program, "The Osbournes," even had an entire episode devoted to rocker Ozzy Osbourne's love of Chipotle burritos. Chipotle has also appeared in MTV's "The Real World: Austin" series.
Getting More People to Try Our Food. We conduct targeted marketing and promotional campaigns to attract customers in a highly competitive marketplace. We focus significant promotional activities on new store openings, as described in more detail below. We also use more general promotional strategies to get people to try our food, such as "Free Burrito Day" and free giveaway promotions that require customer interaction and participation on holidays such as Halloween (we call it "Boo-Rito Day"), when customers dress up as their favorite Chipotle food or ingredient to get a free burrito. Recently, we gave away free burritos at some of our stores to people displaced by hurricane Katrina. We also offer a "Burrito Bank"
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card on which customers can deposit up to $250 and "Burrito Bucks" and coins that can be redeemed for free burritos at any Chipotle store. We don't, however, offer discounts or "value meal" options similar to those offered by many of our competitors.
Building the Buzz, Not Just the Store. We've developed a marketing strategy that we use in connection with new store openings to help build local brand recognition. We start off by establishing a visual presence through the use of banners and "coming soon" barricades during construction. During that time, we also try to become active in the local community by, for example, joining the chamber of commerce, hosting local community or philanthropic events and giving away free burritos to local businesses and residents before the store opens. We also generally have a big party on opening day. Then, during the first three months after opening a new store, we engage in intense local marketing efforts. For example, we distribute print advertising and provide promotional free food to local radio stations, hospitals and schools, all of which help us create interest in the store from the start.
Our Intellectual Property and Trademarks
"Chipotle," "Chipotle Mexican Grill," "Chipotle Mexican Grill (in stylized font)," "Unburritable," "Food With Integrity," "Fresh Is Not Enough Anymore," "The Gourmet Restaurant Where You Eat With Your Hands," the Chili Pepper Logo design, the Foil Burrito design and the Chipotle Medallion design are U.S. registered trademarks of Chipotle.
In addition to these U.S. registrations, we own the trademarks for "Chipotle Mexican Grill" in Brazil and Mexico and for "Chipotle" in Australia and the European Union, among other countries. We have also filed trademark applications for "Chipotle" in a number of countries and for "Chipotle Mexican Grill" in two countries. We plan to assign and transfer our interest in our non-domestic trademarks to Chipotle International, Ltd., our wholly-owned Irish subsidiary. Our policy is to protect and defend vigorously our rights to this intellectual property. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, which could harm the value of our brands and adversely affect our business."
Governmental Regulation and Environmental Matters
Government Regulation. We're subject to extensive and varied federal, state and local government regulation, including regulations relating to public health and safety, zoning and fire codes. We operate each of our stores in accordance with standards and procedures designed to comply with applicable codes and regulations. However, if we could not obtain or retain food or other licenses, it would adversely affect our operations. Although we have not experienced, and do not anticipate, any significant difficulties, delays or failures in obtaining required licenses, permits or approvals, any such problem could delay or prevent the opening of, or adversely impact the viability of, a particular store or group of stores.
In addition, in order to develop and construct more stores, we'll need to comply with applicable zoning, land use and environmental regulations. Federal and state environmental regulations have not had a material effect on our operations to date, but more stringent and varied requirements of local governmental bodies with respect to zoning, land use and environmental factors could delay or even prevent construction and increase development costs for new stores. We're also required to comply with the accessibility standards mandated by the U.S. Americans with Disabilities Act, which generally prohibits discrimination in accommodation or employment based on disability. We may in the future have to modify stores, for example by adding access ramps or redesigning certain architectural fixtures, to provide service to or make reasonable accommodations for disabled persons. While these expenses could be material, our current expectation is that any such actions will not require us to expend substantial funds.
In 2004 and the first nine months of 2005, less than 1% of our restaurant sales were attributable to the sale of alcoholic beverages. Alcoholic beverage control regulations require each of our stores to apply to a state authority and, in certain locations, county or municipal authorities for a license that must be renewed annually and may be revoked or suspended for cause at any time. Alcoholic beverage control regulations
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affect numerous aspects of our operations, including minimum age of patrons and employees, hours of operation, advertising, wholesale purchasing, inventory control and handling, storage and dispensing of alcoholic beverages. We're also subject in certain states to "dram shop" statutes, which generally provide a person injured by an intoxicated person the right to recover damages from an establishment that wrongfully served alcoholic beverages to the intoxicated person. We carry up to $1 million in liquor liability coverage as part of our existing $2 million comprehensive general liability insurance, which has a $100,000 deductible, as well as excess umbrella coverage of up to $500 million, with no additional deductible.
In addition, we're subject to the U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act, the U.S. Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 and various federal and state laws governing various matters including minimum wages, overtime and other working conditions. We pay a significant number of our hourly staff at rates consistent with but higher than the applicable federal or state minimum wage. Accordingly, increases in the minimum wage would increase our labor cost. We're also subject to various laws and regulations relating to our current and any future franchise operations. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—Governmental regulation may adversely affect our ability to open new stores or otherwise adversely affect our existing and future operations and results."
Environmental Matters. We are subject to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations concerning the discharge, storage, handling, release and disposal of hazardous or toxic substances ("environmental laws"). These environmental laws provide for significant fines, penalties and liabilities, sometimes without regard to whether the owner or operator of the property knew of, or was responsible for, the release or presence of the hazardous or toxic substances. Third parties may also make claims against owners or operators of properties for personal injuries and property damage associated with releases of, or actual or alleged exposure to, such substances. We cannot predict what environmental laws will be enacted in the future, how existing or future environmental laws will be administered or interpreted, or the amount of future expenditures that we may need to make to comply with, or to satisfy claims relating to, environmental laws. While, during the period of our ownership, lease or operation, our stores have not been the subject of any material environmental matters, we have not conducted a comprehensive environmental review of our properties or operations. We have, however, conducted investigations of some of our properties and identified contamination caused by third-party operations; in these instances, the contamination has or will be addressed by the third party. If the relevant third party does not or has not addressed the identified contamination properly or completely, then under certain environmental laws, we could be held liable as an owner and operator to address any remaining contamination. Any such liability could be material. Further, we may not have identified all of the potential environmental liabilities at our properties, and any such liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our operations or results of operations.
Franchising
We have three franchisees that operate eight of our stores. Each of them is also a McDonald's franchisee. We granted our initial franchises in April 2001 for two-year terms including leases for store property and equipment, and subsequently granted additional franchises with ten-year terms to qualified franchisees. Each franchise includes the right to operate a Chipotle store at a particular address only. At the end of a franchise term, the franchise expires, and the franchisee has no unilateral right to renew or extend the franchise (although we may agree with the franchisee to extend the franchise for an additional term). Each franchisee is obligated to operate franchised stores in accordance with our operating standards and is obligated to allocate and spend specific amounts, as specified by us, on marketing of the stores, subject to our approval of all marketing materials.
Although franchising is currently not an important component of our strategy, we may decide to license more franchisees in the future. In the near term, however, we do not expect to significantly increase the number of franchisees. In addition, if McDonald's ceases to own a majority of our outstanding common voting stock or if we cease to be an affiliate of McDonald's, under the terms of our franchise agreements, our franchisees must either sell either their Chipotle franchise to someone who agrees to
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perform their obligations under the franchise agreements (at fair market value determined in the manner provided in the franchise agreements) or sell their McDonald's franchise within 24 months after the relevant triggering event. If our franchisees don't sell either franchise within the 24-month period, their franchise agreements with McDonald's will terminate automatically.
Employees
At September 30, 2005, we had about 12,200 employees, including 1,200 salaried employees and 11,000 hourly employees. None of our employees are unionized or covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
Properties
Our main office is located at 1543 Wazee Street, Suite 200, Denver, Colorado, and our telephone number is (303) 595-4000. As of October 31, 2005, there were 459 company-operated and eight franchised stores in locations across the United States. See "—Quality, Not Quantity: Store Locations."
We lease our main office and substantially all of the properties on which we operate stores. For additional information regarding the lease terms and provisions, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Contractual Obligations."
We own nine properties and operate stores on all of them.
Legal Proceedings
We're involved in various claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of business. We do not believe that the ultimate resolution of these actions will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources. However, a significant increase in the number of these claims or an increase in amounts owing under successful claims could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operation and cash flows.
In addition, we're involved in claims relating to the possible theft of our customers' credit and debit card data. To date, we have received claims through the acquiring bank with respect to fewer than 2,000 purportedly fraudulent credit and debit card charges allegedly arising out of this matter in an aggregate amount of about $1.2 million. We've also incurred $1.3 million of expense in connection with fines imposed by the Visa and MasterCard card associations on the acquiring bank. In 2004, we recorded charges of $4.0 million to establish a reserve for claims seeking reimbursement for purportedly fraudulent credit and debit card charges, the cost of replacing cards, monitoring expenses and fees, and fines imposed by Visa and MasterCard. All of the reimbursement claims are being disputed, although we've not formally protested all of the charges. At November 30, 2005, after charging these expenses against the reserve, the remaining reserve was $1.9 million, which does not take into account a fine of $0.4 million assessed by MasterCard in December 2005 that we expect to charge against that reserve. In addition to the reserve, we've also incurred about $1.5 million of additional expenses in this matter, including $1.3 million for legal fees, bringing our total expense relating to this matter to $5.5 million. We have not reserved any additional amounts to date in 2005.
We may in the future become subject to additional claims for purportedly fraudulent transactions arising out of this matter. We have no way to predict the level of claims or the number or nature of proceedings that may be asserted against us, nor can we quantify the costs that we may incur in connection with investigating, responding to and defending any of them. If we litigate these matters, we may not be able to defend against penalties successfully. The ultimate outcome of this matter could differ materially from the amounts we've recorded in our reserve and could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and condition. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—We may have experienced a security breach with respect to certain customer credit and debit card data, and we've incurred and may continue to incur substantial costs as a result of this matter. We may also incur costs resulting from other security risks we may face in connection with our electronic processing and transmission of confidential customer information."
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Directors and Executive Officers
The following table sets forth information as to persons who currently serve as our directors and executive officers. We expect to appoint new board members in connection with this offering.
| Name |
Age |
Position |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M. Steven (Steve) Ells | 40 | Founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| John R. (Jack) Hartung | 48 | Chief Finance and Development Officer | ||
| Montgomery F. (Monty) Moran | 39 | President and Chief Operating Officer | ||
| Robert D. (Bob) Wilner | 51 | Chief Administrative Officer | ||
| Albert S. Baldocchi | 51 | Director | ||
| John S. Charlesworth | 59 | Director | ||
| Patrick J. Flynn | 63 | Director | ||
| Darlene J. Friedman | 62 | Director | ||
| Mats Lederhausen | 41 | Director |
Ages shown above are as of September 30, 2005. The following is a brief description of the business experience of the persons who currently serve as our directors and executive officers.
M. Steven (Steve) Ells founded Chipotle in 1993. He is Chief Executive Officer and was appointed chairman of the board of directors in 2005, and has served as a director since 1996. Prior to launching Chipotle, Mr. Ells worked for two years at Stars restaurant in San Francisco. Mr. Ells is a 2003 recipient of a Silver Plate Award from the International Foodservice Manufacturers' Association. Mr. Ells graduated from the University of Colorado with a Bachelor of Arts degree in art history. He is also a 1990 Culinary Institute of America graduate.
John R. (Jack) Hartung is Chief Finance and Development Officer. Mr. Hartung joined Chipotle in 2002 after spending 18 years at McDonald's where he held a variety of management positions, most recently as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of its Partner Brands Group. Mr. Hartung has a Bachelor of Science degree in accounting and economics as well as an MBA from Illinois State University.
Montgomery F. (Monty) Moran is President and Chief Operating Officer. He was appointed to this position in March 2005. Mr. Moran previously served as chief executive officer of the Denver law firm Messner & Reeves, LLC, where he was employed since 1996, and as general counsel of Chipotle. Mr. Moran holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in communications from the University of Colorado and a law degree from Pepperdine University.
Robert D. (Bob) Wilner is Chief Administrative Officer responsible for Human Resources and Information Technology. Mr. Wilner joined Chipotle in 2002 after spending 30 years at McDonald's where he held a variety of operations and human resources positions, most recently as Vice President of Human Resources of the Partner Brands Group of McDonald's. He also served in a number of other capacities in Human Resources (domestic and international) and Operations at McDonald's.
Albert S. Baldocchi has served as a director of Chipotle since 1997. He has been self-employed for the past five years as a financial consultant and strategic advisor for a variety of privately-held companies. Mr. Bal