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Golf Trust of America Inc · 424B3 · On 11/5/97

Filed On 11/5/97   ·   SEC File 333-36847   ·   Accession Number 1047469-97-2764

  in   Show  and 
  As Of               Filer                 Filing     On/For/As Docs:Pgs              Issuer               Agent

11/05/97  Golf Trust of America Inc         424B3                  1:268                                    Merrill Corp/New/- FA

Prospectus   ·   Rule 424(b)(3)
Filing Table of Contents

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: 424B3       Prospectus                                           268  1,571K 


Document Table of Contents

Page (sequential) | (alphabetic) Top
 
11st Page
"Common Stock
"Underwriting
4Prospectus Summary
"The Company
5Developments Since the Initial Public Offering
"Club of the Country
6Line of Credit
7Risk Factors
9The Golf Industry
10Demographics
11The Golf Courses
12Revenue Per Player
"Subsequent Acquisitions
14Business Strategies and Objectives
"Acquisitions and Expansions
"Acquisitions
15Expansions
16Internal Growth
"Participating Leases
"Participating Mortgage
"Lessee Performance Option
17Formation and Structure
18Operating Partnership
19Distribution Policy
"Tax Status
"The Offering
20Summary Financial Data
22The Legends Group
25Use of Adjustments and Projections in Establishing Lease Payments and Participating Mortgage Payments
"Dependence on Payments Under the Participating Leases and the Participating Mortgage; Difficulty of Finding Replacement Operators
26Duration of Lease; No Right to Terminate Participating Leases on a Sale
"Need for Certain Consents from the Limited Partners
"Lack of Control Over Day-to-Day Operations and Management of the Golf Courses
"The Participating Mortgage
27Golf Industry Risks
"Seasonality
28Dependence Upon Key Personnel
"Real Estate Investment Trust and Partnership Qualification
29Risks Relating to Construction Financing
"Certain Golf Courses with Limited Operating History
"Limited Operating History
"Adverse Effect of Shares Available for Future Issuance and Sale on Market Price of Common Stock
30Risks Related to the Company's Growth Strategy
31Risks of Leverage; No Limitations on Indebtedness
"Limits on Changes in Control
"Adverse Effect of Increase in Market Interest Rates
"Real Estate Investment Risks
"General
32Illiquidity of Real Estate
"Uninsured Losses
33Conflicts of Interest
"Competition for Management Time of the Operators
"Changes in Investment and Financing Policies
"Dependence on Acquisitions to Increase Cash Available for Distribution
34Distribution to Stockholders
"ERISA Risks
35Ownership Limit
"Anti-takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and the Company's Charter and Bylaws
"Preferred Stock
43Use of Proceeds
"Price Range of Common Stock and Distribution History
44Capitalization
45Selected Financial Information
47Legends Golf
50Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
"Overview
52Liquidity and Capital Resources of the Company
53Pro Forma Liquidity and Capital Resources of the Company
54The Legends Group Prior Owners
56Inflation
"Recent Accounting Pronouncements
57Changes in the Company's Certifying Public Accountant
"Important Factors Related to Forward-Looking Statements and Associated Risks
59Daily Fee
63Descriptions of the Golf Courses
"Resort Courses
65High-End Daily Fee Courses
66Private Club Courses
70Security Deposit
71Advisory Association
"Maintenance and Modifications
72Assignment and Subletting
"Lessee's Right of First Offer
76Purchase Option
"Fixed Interest Rate Escalation
77Westin Guaranty
"Reciprocal Right of First Offer
"Competition
"Employees
78Legal Proceedings
"Government Regulation
79Management
"Directors and Executive Officers
80Committees of the Board of Directors
"Audit Committee
81Compensation Committee
"Compensation of Directors
"Directors and Officers Insurance
"Indemnification
82Executive Compensation
83Stock-Based Compensation Plans
"Directors' Plan
84Stock Incentive Plans
"New Incentive Plan
"Original Incentive Plan
85Deferred Compensation Plan
"Employment Agreements
86Covenants Not to Compete
87Lessees and Operators
"Woodlands
88Northgate Country Club
89Policies and Objectives with Respect to Certain Activities
"Investment Objectives and Policies
"Dispositions
"Financing
90Working Capital Reserves
"Conflict of Interest Policies
"Charter and Bylaw Provisions
91Other Policies
"The Formation Transactions
93Benefits to Officers and Directors
94Transfer Documents
95Certain Relationships and Transactions
"Relationships Among Officers and Directors
"Acquisition of Interests in Certain of the Golf Courses
"Repayment of Indebtedness
"Option to Purchase and Right of First Refusal
96Partnership Agreement
"Transferability of OP Units
"Pledge
97Redemption Rights
"Capital Contribution
98Term
"Tax Matters
"Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
99Capital Stock
100Corporate Governance
"Restrictions on Ownership
102Limitations on Changes in Control
"Transfer Agent and Registrar
103Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of the Company's Charter and Bylaws
"Maryland Business Combination Law
"Limitation of Liability of Directors; Indemnification Agreements
104Control Share Acquisitions
105Interested Director Transactions
"Amendments to the Charter and Bylaws
106Shares Available for Future Sale
"Registration Rights
107Federal Income Tax Considerations
"Taxation of the Company
108Requirements for Qualification
109Income Tests
113Asset Tests
"Annual Distribution Requirements
114Partnership Anti-Abuse Rule
115Failure to Qualify
"Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders
116Backup Withholding
"Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
117Taxation of Foreign Stockholders
118State and Local Taxes
"Tax Aspects of the Operating Partnership
120Tax Allocations with Respect to the Golf Courses
123Experts
124Legal Matters
"Additional Information
125Glossary
139BDO Seidman, LLP
140Consolidated Balance Sheets
141Period from February 12 to June 30, 1997
147Other
153Legends Golf Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations
154Golf Legends
155Heritage Golf Club
165Notes to Combined Financial Statements
170Leases
176Combined Statements of Cash Flows
"Cash flows from investing activities
"Cash flows from financing activities
177Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
186Balance Sheets
187Statements of Income and Retained Earnings
188Statements of Cash Flows
191Notes to Financial Statements
209Statements of Operations and Members' Accumulated Deficit
211Construction-in-progress
222Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
226Coopers & Lybrand L.L.P
234Crowe, Chizek and Company LLP
236Statements of Income (Loss)
237Statements of Changes in Partners' Capital
243Other assets
244Statements of Operations
252Statements of Income
254Statements of Stockholders' Investment
"Total
257Financial Statements
259Accounts receivable
266Schedule III
267Schedule IV
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FILED PURSUANT TO RULE 424(B)(3) REGISTRATION NO. 333-36847 [LOGO] 3,000,000 SHARES COMMON STOCK Golf Trust of America, Inc. (collectively with its affiliates, the "Company") is a self-administered real estate investment trust ("REIT") formed to capitalize upon consolidation opportunities in the ownership of upscale golf courses throughout the United States. The Company currently holds a participating interest in 19 golf courses (the "Golf Courses") located in Florida (5), South Carolina (4), Georgia (2), Virginia (2), Alabama, Kansas, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio and Texas. The Company's goal is to increase Cash Available for Distribution per share and to enhance stockholder value by becoming a leading owner of, and participating in increased revenue from, nationally or regionally recognized golf courses. The Company's principal business strategy is to acquire upscale golf courses and thereafter lease the golf courses to qualified third party operators, including affiliates of the sellers. The Company holds its participating interest in the Golf Courses through an operating partnership (the "Operating Partnership"). As a result, the Company may acquire interests in golf courses through the issuance of units of limited partnership interest ("OP Units") in the Operating Partnership, which generally can provide deferral of gain recognition for sellers of golf courses. The Company believes it has a distinct competitive advantage in the acquisition of upscale golf courses, including those that might not otherwise be available for purchase, because of (i) its utilization of a multiple independent lessee structure, (ii) management's substantial industry knowledge, experience and relationships within the golf community, (iii) the Company's strategic alliances with prominent golf course operators and (iv) its ability to issue OP Units to golf course owners on a tax-deferred basis. All of the shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Common Stock"), offered hereby are being sold by the Company. The Common Stock is listed on the American Stock Exchange ("AMEX") under the symbol "GTA." On November 4, 1997, the last reported sale price of the Common Stock on the AMEX was $26.00 per share. See "Price Range of Common Stock and Distribution History." SEE "RISK FACTORS" COMMENCING ON PAGE 22 FOR CERTAIN FACTORS RELEVANT TO AN INVESTMENT IN THE COMMON STOCK, INCLUDING: - The Company's valuation of the Golf Courses and establishment of Lease Payments (as herein defined) and interest payments under the Participating Mortgage (as herein defined) may reflect significant adjustments to historical operations or estimates of future performance that, if not warranted, may result in non-payment of Lease Payments under a Participating Lease (as herein defined) or interest payments under the Participating Mortgage. Such estimates of future performance were particularly significant with respect to two recently-opened Golf Courses and the Participating Mortgage. - Dependence on Lease Payments and payments under the Participating Mortgage, which payments account for substantially all of the Company's income. - The length of the Participating Leases, which, with extensions, may have terms of up to 40 years, which may affect adversely the Company's ability to sell a Golf Course. - The Company's inability to sell all or substantially all of the assets of the Operating Partnership or to cause a merger or consolidation of the Operating Partnership without the consent of holders of 66.7% of the limited partnership interests. - The Company's limited control over the day-to-day management and operations of the Golf Courses due to the tax restrictions that prevent a REIT from operating golf courses. - Golf course operation risks in general, including competition, uninsured casualties, increases in operating costs, inclement weather, seasonality, oversupply and general decreases in demand. - The Company's dependence on the skill, industry knowledge and established relationships of its key personnel, all of whom would be difficult to replace. - Taxation of the Company as a regular corporation if it fails to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes and the resulting decrease in Cash Available for Distribution. - Risks associated with providing construction financing for golf courses. ---------------------- THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR HAS THE COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE. · Download Table UNDERWRITING PRICE TO DISCOUNTS AND PROCEEDS TO PUBLIC COMMISSIONS COMPANY (1) Per Share.......................... $25.625 $1.35 $24.275 Total (2).......................... $76,875,000 $4,050,000 $72,825,000 (1) Before deducting expenses payable by the Company, estimated at $1,000,000. (2) The Company has granted the Underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 450,000 shares of Common Stock solely to cover over-allotments, if any. See "Underwriting." If such option is exercised in full, the total Price to Public, Underwriting Discounts and Commissions and Proceeds to Company will be $88,406,250, $4,657,500 and $83,748,750, respectively. ---------------------- The Common Stock is offered by the Underwriters as stated herein, subject to receipt and acceptance by them and subject to their right to reject any order in whole or in part. It is expected that delivery of such shares will be made through the offices of BancAmerica Robertson Stephens, San Francisco, California on or about November 10, 1997. (On the inside front cover, there is a picture of the Island Golf Course in Tampa, Florida. There is also a color map of the United States showing the states where the Company's Golf Courses are located. These states are highlighted in green. There is also a breakout of each state with a numbered flag in the location of each Golf Course. There is a legend next to the map that lists each Golf Course with its corresponding number). BANCAMERICA ROBERTSON STEPHENS A.G. EDWARDS & SONS, INC. RAYMOND JAMES & ASSOCIATES, INC. WHEAT FIRST BUTCHER SINGER The date of this Prospectus is November 4, 1997
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IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING, THE UNDERWRITERS MAY OVER-ALLOT OR EFFECT TRANSACTIONS WHICH STABILIZE OR MAINTAIN THE MARKET PRICE OF THE COMMON STOCK AT A LEVEL ABOVE THAT WHICH MAY OTHERWISE PREVAIL IN THE OPEN MARKET. SUCH TRANSACTIONS MAY BE EFFECTED ON THE AMERICAN STOCK EXCHANGE, IN THE OVER-THE-COUNTER MARKET OR OTHERWISE. SUCH STABILIZATION, IF COMMENCED, MAY BE DISCONTINUED AT ANY TIME. CERTAIN INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS CONSTITUTES "FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS" WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "SECURITIES ACT"), AND SECTION 21E OF THE EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED (THE "EXCHANGE ACT"), WHICH CAN BE IDENTIFIED BY THE USE OF FORWARD-LOOKING TERMINOLOGY SUCH AS "MAY," "WILL," "ANTICIPATE," "ESTIMATE" OR "CONTINUE" OR THE NEGATIVES THEREOF OR VARIATIONS THEREON OR COMPARABLE TERMINOLOGY. THE SECTION ENTITLED "RISK FACTORS" HEREIN CONTAINS CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS IDENTIFYING IMPORTANT FACTORS, INCLUDING CERTAIN RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES, WITH RESPECT TO SUCH FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS THAT COULD CAUSE THE ACTUAL RESULTS, PERFORMANCE OR ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE COMPANY TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE REFLECTED IN SUCH FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. NO DEALER, SALES REPRESENTATIVE OR ANY OTHER PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS, AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATION MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY OR ANY UNDERWRITER. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL, OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY, ANY SECURITIES OTHER THAN THE REGISTERED SECURITIES TO WHICH IT RELATES OR AN OFFER TO, OR SOLICITATION OF, ANY PERSON IN ANY JURISDICTION WHERE SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION WOULD BE UNLAWFUL. NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS NOR ANY SALE MADE HEREUNDER SHALL, UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, CREATE ANY IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN THE AFFAIRS OF THE COMPANY SINCE THE DATE HEREOF OR THAT THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS CORRECT AS OF ANY TIME SUBSEQUENT TO THE DATE HEREOF. ------------------ TABLE OF CONTENTS · Download Table PAGE ----- PROSPECTUS SUMMARY....................... 1 The Company............................ 1 Developments Since the Initial Public Offering............................. 2 Risk Factors........................... 4 The Golf Industry...................... 6 The Golf Courses....................... 8 Business Strategies and Objectives..... 11 Formation and Structure................ 14 Distribution Policy.................... 16 Tax Status............................. 16 The Offering........................... 16 Summary Financial Data................. 17 RISK FACTORS............................. 22 Use of Adjustments and Projections in Establishing Lease Payments and Participating Mortgage Payments...... 22 Dependence on Payments Under the Participating Leases and the Participating Mortgage; Difficulty of Finding Replacement Operators........ 22 Duration of Lease; No Right to Terminate Participating Leases on a Sale................................. 23 Need for Certain Consents from the Limited Partners..................... 23 Lack of Control Over Day-to-Day Operations and Management of the Golf Courses.............................. 23 The Participating Mortgage............. 23 Golf Industry Risks.................... 24 Dependence Upon Key Personnel.......... 25 Real Estate Investment Trust and Partnership Qualification............ 25 Risks Relating to Construction Financing............................ 26 PAGE ----- Certain Golf Courses with Limited Operating History.................... 26 Limited Operating History.............. 26 Adverse Effect of Shares Available for Future Issuance and Sale on Market Price of Common Stock................ 26 Risks Related to the Company's Growth Strategy............................. 27 Risks of Leverage; No Limitations on Indebtedness......................... 28 Limits on Changes in Control........... 28 Adverse Effect of Increase in Market Interest Rates....................... 28 Real Estate Investment Risks........... 28 Conflicts of Interest.................. 30 Competition for Management Time of the Operators............................ 30 Changes in Investment and Financing Policies............................. 30 Dependence on Acquisitions to Increase Cash Available for Distribution...... 30 Distribution to Stockholders........... 31 ERISA Risks............................ 31 Ownership Limit........................ 32 Anti-takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and the Company's Charter and Bylaws......... 32 THE COMPANY.............................. 34 The Operating Partnership.............. 35 Business Strategies and Objectives..... 36 Acquisitions and Expansions............ 36 Internal Growth........................ 38 USE OF PROCEEDS.......................... 40 i
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· Download Table PAGE ----- PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK AND DISTRIBUTION HISTORY.................... 40 CAPITALIZATION........................... 41 SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION........... 42 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.............................. 47 Overview............................... 47 The Golf Courses....................... 47 Liquidity and Capital Resources of the Company.............................. 49 The Legends Group Prior Owners......... 51 Inflation.............................. 53 Seasonality............................ 53 Recent Accounting Pronouncements....... 53 Changes in the Company's Certifying Public Accountant.................... 54 Important Factors Related to Forward- Looking Statements and Associated Risks................................ 54 THE GOLF INDUSTRY........................ 55 Demographics........................... 57 THE GOLF COURSES......................... 58 Descriptions of the Golf Courses....... 60 Resort Courses......................... 60 High-End Daily Fee Courses............. 62 Private Club Courses................... 63 The Participating Leases............... 66 The Participating Mortgage............. 71 Competition............................ 74 Employees.............................. 74 Legal Proceedings...................... 75 Government Regulation.................. 75 MANAGEMENT............................... 76 Directors and Executive Officers....... 76 Committees of the Board of Directors... 77 Compensation of Directors.............. 78 Directors and Officers Insurance....... 78 Indemnification........................ 78 Executive Compensation................. 79 Stock-Based Compensation Plans......... 80 Directors' Plan........................ 80 Stock Incentive Plans.................. 81 Deferred Compensation Plan............. 82 Employment Agreements.................. 82 Covenants Not to Compete............... 83 LESSEES AND OPERATORS.................... 84 POLICIES AND OBJECTIVES WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN ACTIVITIES...................... 86 Investment Objectives and Policies..... 86 Dispositions........................... 86 Financing.............................. 86 Working Capital Reserves............... 87 Conflict of Interest Policies.......... 87 Other Policies......................... 88 THE FORMATION TRANSACTIONS............... 88 Overview............................... 88 Formation Transactions................. 89 Benefits to Officers and Directors..... 90 PAGE ----- Transfer Documents..................... 91 CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND TRANSACTIONS... 92 Relationships Among Officers and Directors............................ 92 Acquisition of Interests in Certain of the Golf Courses..................... 92 Repayment of Indebtedness.............. 92 Employment Agreements.................. 92 Option to Purchase and Right of First Refusal.............................. 92 PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT.................... 93 Management............................. 93 Transferability of OP Units............ 93 Pledge................................. 93 Redemption Rights...................... 94 Capital Contribution................... 94 Term................................... 95 Tax Matters............................ 95 SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT................... 95 Principal Stockholders of the Company & Principal Partners in the Operating Partnership.......................... 95 CAPITAL STOCK............................ 96 General................................ 96 Corporate Governance................... 97 Restrictions on Ownership.............. 97 Limitations on Changes in Control...... 99 Transfer Agent and Registrar........... 99 CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF THE COMPANY'S CHARTER AND BYLAWS........ 100 Maryland Business Combination Law...... 100 Limitation of Liability of Directors; Indemnification Agreements........... 100 Control Share Acquisitions............. 101 Interested Director Transactions....... 102 Amendments to the Charter and Bylaws... 102 SHARES AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE SALE......... 103 Registration Rights.................... 103 FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS........ 104 Taxation of the Company................ 104 Partnership Anti-Abuse Rule............ 111 Failure to Qualify..................... 112 Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders......................... 112 Backup Withholding..................... 113 Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders.... 113 Taxation of Foreign Stockholders....... 114 State and Local Taxes.................. 115 Tax Aspects of the Operating Partnership.......................... 115 UNDERWRITING............................. 119 EXPERTS.................................. 120 LEGAL MATTERS............................ 121 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION................... 121 GLOSSARY................................. 122 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS..................... F-1 ii
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY THE FOLLOWING SUMMARY IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY THE MORE DETAILED INFORMATION AND FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND STATEMENTS, AND THE NOTES THERETO, APPEARING ELSEWHERE IN THIS PROSPECTUS. UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED, ALL CALCULATIONS AND INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS ASSUME THAT THE UNDERWRITERS' OVER-ALLOTMENT OPTION WILL NOT BE EXERCISED. UNLESS THE CONTEXT OTHERWISE REQUIRES, THE TERM "COMPANY" INCLUDES GOLF TRUST OF AMERICA, INC. ("GTA"), GTA GP, INC. ("GTA GP"), GTA LP, INC. ("GTA LP"), EACH OF WHICH IS A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF GOLF TRUST OF AMERICA, INC., AND GOLF TRUST OF AMERICA, L.P., A DELAWARE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP (THE "OPERATING PARTNERSHIP"). AFTER GIVING EFFECT TO THIS OFFERING (THIS "OFFERING"), THE COMPANY WILL OWN A 60.8% INTEREST IN THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP. ALL REFERENCES TO THE COMPANY AS A REIT ASSUME THAT THE COMPANY WILL QUALIFY AS A REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST ("REIT") BEGINNING WITH THE TAX YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1997. SEE "GLOSSARY" FOR THE DEFINITIONS OF CERTAIN ADDITIONAL CAPITALIZED TERMS USED IN THIS PROSPECTUS. THE COMPANY Golf Trust of America, Inc. is a self-administered REIT formed to capitalize upon consolidation opportunities in the ownership of upscale golf courses throughout the United States. The Company currently holds a participating interest in 19 golf courses (the "Golf Courses"), 15 of which are owned and four of which serve as collateral for a 30-year participating mortgage loan made by the Company to the owner of the Innisbrook Resort (the "Participating Mortgage"). The Golf Courses are located in Florida (5) South Carolina (4), Georgia (2), Virginia (2), Alabama, Kansas, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio and Texas. The Company's goal is to increase Cash Available for Distribution (as herein defined) per share and to enhance stockholder value by becoming a leading owner of, and participating in increased revenue from, nationally or regionally recognized golf courses. The Company's principal business strategy is to acquire upscale golf courses and thereafter lease the golf courses to qualified third party operators, including affiliates of the sellers. The Company may acquire golf courses through the issuance of units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("OP Units"), which are redeemable for cash or, at the Company's option, shares of Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. When the Company acquires a golf course in exchange for OP Units, the golf course seller generally may defer tax recognition until such seller elects to cause the OP Units to be redeemed. The Company believes it has a distinct competitive advantage in the acquisition of upscale golf courses, including those that might not otherwise be available for purchase, because of (i) its utilization of the multiple independent lessee structure, (ii) management's substantial industry knowledge, experience and relationships within the golf community, (iii) the Company's strategic alliances with prominent golf course operators and (iv) its ability to issue OP Units to golf course owners on a tax-deferred basis. The Company is one of only two publicly-traded REITs in the United States focused on owning and acquiring golf courses. In February 1997, the Company raised net proceeds of approximately $73.0 million in its initial public offering (the "IPO") and acquired 10 Golf Courses (the "Initial Courses") from their prior owners (together with the prior owners of the Golf Courses acquired since the IPO, the "Prior Owners"). Each of the Initial Courses was leased back to an affiliate of its Prior Owner as described below. The Company believes the continuity of management provided by these experienced operators facilitates the Company's growth and profitability. Since the IPO, the Company has acquired an interest in an additional nine Golf Courses. See "Developments Since the Initial Public Offering." The Golf Courses are leased to multiple independent third party lessees (the "Lessees") pursuant to leases ("Participating Leases") which provide for payments ("Lease Payments") of fixed base rent ("Base Rent") and participating rent ("Participating Rent") based on growth in revenue at the Golf Courses. The interest payment under the Participating Mortgage is structured similarly to the rent payments under the Participating Leases to provide the Company with base interest payments and additional interest payments based on growth in revenue at the Innisbrook Resort. See "The Participating Mortgage." Neither the Company nor its executive officers 1
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owns any interest in, or participates in the management of, the Lessees or the Innisbrook Resort Owner (as herein defined). The Company believes the Initial Courses and its investments in Golf Courses since the IPO are consistent with its goal of becoming a leading owner of, and participating in increased revenue from, nationally or regionally recognized upscale golf courses. Five of the Golf Courses were ranked among the Top Ten New Courses by either GOLF DIGEST or GOLF MAGAZINE in the year the Golf Course opened, including Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent, each of which was named the "Best New Upscale Course" by GOLF DIGEST in 1996 and 1997, respectively, and Oyster Bay, which was named Best New Resort Course in the United States in 1983 by GOLF DIGEST. The Copperhead Course at the Innisbrook Resort was ranked 43rd in the 1996 survey by GOLF MAGAZINE of the "Top 100 Courses You Can Play" and the Island Course at the Innisbrook Resort was ranked as one of the "Top 75 Resort Courses" by GOLF DIGEST in 1992. Heritage Golf Club was ranked in the Top 50 Public Golf Courses by GOLF DIGEST in 1992. See "The Golf Courses." The Company believes that the quality of the Golf Courses is further reflected in the average green fees at the Golf Courses, which significantly exceed national industry averages. DEVELOPMENTS SINCE THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING GOLF COURSE INVESTMENTS Since its acquisition of the ten Initial Courses in February 1997, the Company has acquired interests in the following nine Golf Courses for total consideration of approximately $100 million. TIBURON GOLF CLUB. On August 18, 1997, the Company acquired the 27-hole Tiburon Golf Club ("Tiburon"), an upscale semi-private golf course in Omaha, Nebraska, for an aggregate price of $6.0 million, including the issuance of 21,429 shares of Common Stock (valued at approximately $600,000 on such date). Players can choose to play any two of the three nine-hole layouts at Tiburon for a total of three distinct 18-hole combinations. The courses at Tiburon are characterized by rolling fairways with mounds, berms and greenside bunkers. Tiburon is leased to an affiliate of Granite Golf Group, Inc., (together with its affiliates, "Granite Golf"). Granite Golf currently manages over 30 golf courses throughout the United States. RAINTREE COUNTRY CLUB. On September 2, 1997, the Company acquired the Raintree Country Club ("Raintree"), located near Akron, Ohio, for an aggregate price of $4.6 million, including the issuance of 121,529 OP Units (valued at approximately $3.4 million based on the price of the Common Stock on such date). This high-end daily fee golf course is located in a wooded area and has many narrow fairways demanding precision shots. Raintree is leased to its Prior Owner, who has continuously managed the course since its construction in 1991. EAGLE WATCH GOLF CLUB. On September 30, 1997, the Company acquired Eagle Watch Golf Club ("Eagle Watch"), located in Atlanta, Georgia, for an aggregate price of $6.4 million, including the issuance of 70,158 OP Units (valued at approximately $1.9 million based on the price of the Common Stock on such date). Eagle Watch is an 18-hole course designed by Arnold Palmer on rolling hills with tree-lined fairways and numerous lakes and ponds. The Prior Owner of Eagle Watch is an affiliate of the Prior Owner of Olde Atlanta Golf Club, a course that was acquired by the Company at the IPO. Eagle Watch is leased to an affiliate of the Lessee of Olde Atlanta Golf Club. LOST OAKS GOLF COURSE. On October 3, 1997, the Company acquired the Lost Oaks Golf Course ("Lost Oaks"), in Tampa, Florida located near the Innisbrook Resort, for approximately $5.9 million, including closing costs. Lost Oaks is leased to an affiliate of Starwood Capital Group, LLC (together with its affiliates, "Starwood"). The Company has agreed to fund certain improvements at Lost Oaks in an amount not to exceed $1.25 million in exchange for an increased Lease Payment. CLUB OF THE COUNTRY. On October 17, 1997, the Company acquired Club of the Country, a private country club located near Kansas City, Kansas, for an aggregate price of approximately $3.1 million, including the 2
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issuance of approximately 19,231 OP Units (valued at approximately $500,000 based on the price of the Common Stock on such date). Club of the Country, noted for its outstanding greens and playability, combines the serenity of a wooded countryside, meandering creeks and rolling hills with the challenge of 18 holes of championship golf. Club of the Country is leased to an affiliate of the Prior Owner and managed by an affiliate of Granite Golf. INNISBROOK RESORT. On June 20, 1997, the Company entered into and made an initial advance of $69.975 million under the $78.975 million Participating Mortgage to Golf Host Resorts, Inc. (the "Innisbrook Resort Owner"), an affiliate of Starwood. The loan is secured by a first lien on the Innisbrook Resort, located near Tampa, Florida, and all other assets of the Innisbrook Resort Owner. The Innisbrook Resort is a destination golf resort with 63 holes (plus an additional nine holes currently under construction) and was named by ESQUIRE as one of the top 10 resorts in North America. The four Golf Courses at the Innisbrook Resort are operated by Troon Management Company, LLC ("Troon Golf"), an affiliate of Starwood. The Innisbrook Resort also features one of the largest hotel and conference facilities in Florida, which facilities are operated by Westin Hotels & Resorts Company ("Westin") pursuant to a long-term management agreement. Westin has agreed to pay up to $2.5 million per year to the Innisbrook Resort Owner to supplement results of operations with respect to the operations at the Innisbrook Resort for up to five years (the "Westin Guaranty"). The Innisbrook Resort Owner used a portion of the proceeds of the Participating Mortgage to acquire from the Company 274,039 newly issued OP Units and 159,326 newly issued shares of Common Stock, representing an ownership interest in the Company of approximately 5.1% (3.7% after giving effect to this Offering). THIRD QUARTER RESULTS For the quarter ended September 30, 1997, the Company's total revenue was $6.1 million, net income was $1.6 million and net income per share was $0.39. For the period from February 12, 1997 (inception of operations) through September 30, 1997, the Company's total revenue was $12.1 million, net income was $3.6 million and net income per share was $0.84. LETTERS OF INTENT The Company has entered into three letters of intent to acquire a total of four golf courses for purchase prices totalling $25 million. In addition, the Company has recently submitted non-binding offers to acquire additional golf courses and is in various stages of discussions to acquire additional golf courses. The Company is in various stages of negotiation and due diligence review for each of these golf courses. Completion of these transactions is subject to negotiation and execution of definitive purchase and sale agreements, satisfactory completion of the Company's due diligence review and certain other customary closing conditions. No assurances can be given that the Company will continue to pursue or complete the acquisition of any of these golf courses. LINE OF CREDIT On June 20, 1997, the Company closed a two-year, $100 million secured revolving credit facility (the "Line of Credit") with a group of four commercial banks led by NationsBank, N.A. On September 24, 1997, the Company negotiated a reduction in the interest rate from LIBOR plus 2.0% to LIBOR plus 1.75%. Additionally, the Company has received a commitment to increase the Line of Credit, upon completion of this Offering, to $125 million and to convert it to an unsecured facility. The Company drew upon the Line of Credit to fund a portion of the Participating Mortgage as well as to fund the acquisitions of Tiburon, Raintree, Eagle Watch, Lost Oaks and Club of the Country. The Company intends to draw upon the Line of Credit, or any successor line of credit, to fund any future acquisitions of additional golf courses. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will close any future acquisitions or that the Company will continue to have access to sufficient debt and equity financing to allow it successfully to pursue its acquisition strategy. 3
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STRATEGIC AFFILIATIONS AFFILIATION WITH STARWOOD. Starwood, through its affiliates, operates the Golf Courses at the Innisbrook Resort and leases Lost Oaks. In addition, the golf and conference facilities of the Innisbrook Resort are owned by an affiliate of Starwood and the hotel and conference facilities are managed by Westin, an affiliate of Starwood. The Company believes Starwood, through its affiliates, is one of the United States' leading golf course management, development and consulting companies. Troon Golf has the exclusive right to operate golf courses at hotels owned by Westin. The Company believes that its existing relationship with Starwood, Westin and Troon Golf will provide the Company with additional acquisition opportunities throughout the United States. AFFILIATION WITH GRANITE GOLF. The Lessee of Tiburon is an affiliate of Granite Golf and an affiliate of Granite Golf manages Club of the Country. Granite Golf and its affiliates currently manage over 30 golf courses throughout the United States. Granite Golf identified the acquisition opportunity at Tiburon. The Company believes its affiliation with Granite Golf will provide the Company with additional acquisition opportunities. RISK FACTORS INVESTORS SHOULD CONSIDER CAREFULLY THE MATTERS DISCUSSED UNDER "RISK FACTORS" PRIOR TO MAKING AN INVESTMENT DECISION REGARDING THE COMMON STOCK OFFERED HEREBY. SUCH RISKS INCLUDE: - The Company generally values golf courses, and establishes Lease Payments and Participating Mortgage Payments based on selected adjustments to historical operating results or estimates of future performance which the Company believes are appropriate. These adjustments include projected increases in revenues from golf course operations and elimination of certain operating expenses. If such adjustments are not appropriate, or if estimates of future performance are not met, a Lessee or the Innisbrook Resort Owner may not be able to make its scheduled payments to the Company. Failure of a Lessee or the Innisbrook Resort Owner to make such a payment may result in a default under a Participating Lease or under the Participating Mortgage. This would have a material adverse effect on the Company. Estimates of future performance were particularly significant with respect to two recently-opened Virginia courses and the Innisbrook Resort. In addition, although the Westin Guaranty is designed to supplement results of operations at the Innisbrook Resort, it is for a limited period and limited amount and may be insufficient to ensure receipt by the Company of base interest under the Participating Mortgage. - Dependence on Lease Payments and payments under the Participating Mortgage, which payments account for substantially all of the Company's income. - The Participating Leases, with extensions, may have terms of up to 40 years, which could adversely affect the Company's ability to sell a Golf Course. - Even though the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, GTA GP, is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, the Company alone cannot cause the Operating Partnership to merge or consolidate or to sell all or substantially all of its assets under the Partnership Agreement (as herein defined). Such extraordinary transactions require the consent of the holders of at least 66.7% of the OP Units and, upon completion of this Offering, the Company will hold only 60.8% of such interests. - The REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Tax Code"), prevent the Company from operating Golf Courses. As a result, the Company must continue to find qualified independent lessees to lease and operate its courses, and the Company may not exercise control over such lessees' day-to-day management and operational decisions. - The Golf Courses are subject to risks affecting golf course operations generally, including competition, uninsured casualties, increases in operating costs, inclement weather, seasonality, oversupply and general decreases in demand, all of which could affect adversely a Golf Course operator's ability to make its scheduled payments to the Company. 4
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- The Company depends upon the skill, industry knowledge and established relationships of its key personnel, including W. Bradley Blair, II, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and President, David J. Dick, its Executive Vice President, and Scott D. Peters, its Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. The loss of such officers' services may affect adversely the Company's business results. - The Company will be taxed as a regular corporation if it fails to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, and the Operating Partnership will be treated as an association taxable as a regular corporation if it fails to qualify as a partnership, both of which would result in a reduction in Cash Available for Distribution. - The Company from time to time acquires newly developed golf courses and provides construction financing for expanding golf courses. In light of the limited operating history at such acquisitions and expansions, there is a risk that they will not perform at levels commensurate with the Company's expectations, which may affect adversely Cash Available for Distribution per share. - In light of the Company's limited operating history and management's limited experience operating a public company, operating a REIT and working together as a team, the Company may lack the experience necessary to implement its growth strategy. - Beginning in February 1998, 2,310,157 OP Units will become redeemable, at the option of their holders, for cash or, at the election of the Company, shares of Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. Such redemption could cause a substantial increase in the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding (of up to 32.3% after giving effect to this Offering). The increased number of outstanding shares, or the perception of such possibility, may cause the market price of the Common Stock to decline. - The Company competes with other well-established owners and operators to acquire a limited number of golf courses available for purchase. - Five of the Golf Courses are located in the Myrtle Beach, South Carolina vicinity and five of the Golf Courses are located in the Tampa, Florida area. Such geographic concentration leaves the Company vulnerable to local market shifts and natural disasters, either of which could affect adversely a Golf Course operator's ability to make its scheduled payments to the Company. - A substantial number of golf courses were opened in recent years, are currently under development or are planned for development. Such new supply may increase competition for golfers in the Company's markets and may affect adversely the number of rounds played at the Golf Courses. A decrease in the number of rounds played may affect adversely a Golf Course operator's ability to make its scheduled payments to the Company. - Stockholders face the risks normally associated with a company's use of debt financing and the fact that there is no charter limitation on the amount of debt the Company may incur. - The Company's Charter and Bylaws contain certain restrictions, including a limit on the extent of any one person's ownership of the outstanding Common Stock, intended to ensure the Company's compliance with certain requirements related to its qualification as a REIT. Such restrictions may inhibit a change in control of the Company even where such a change in control might be beneficial to the Company's stockholders. - Increases in the market rate of interest and other factors may affect adversely the trading price of the Common Stock. 5
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THE GOLF INDUSTRY UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED, REFERENCES HEREIN TO NATIONAL INDUSTRY STATISTICS AND AVERAGES ARE BASED ON REPORTS OF THE NATIONAL GOLF FOUNDATION ("NGF"), AN INDUSTRY TRADE ASSOCIATION NOT AFFILIATED WITH THE COMPANY. The Company believes the United States golf industry is entering a period of significant growth. This belief is based, in part, on the fact that people over the age of 50 play more golf than younger people, and the expectation that over the next several years the number of people age 50 and older will increase significantly as the "baby boomers" age. See "The Golf Industry -- Demographics." The Company expects that the aging population will contribute to an increase in the number of rounds played and Gross Golf Revenues (as herein defined) at the Golf Courses and any golf courses subsequently acquired by the Company. Golf course ownership in the United States is highly fragmented. There are approximately 15,700 golf courses (approximately 12,900 eighteen-hole equivalents) in the United States that the Company believes are owned by approximately 13,000 different entities. The Company believes there are relatively few owners of more than one course. The Company believes that the 15 largest golf course owners in the United States collectively own fewer than 5% of the total number of golf courses and that fewer than 10 golf course owners own more than 10 golf courses. The Company believes that this fragmented ownership provides it with an excellent opportunity for consolidation of the ownership of upscale golf courses. The Company believes the current fragmentation of golf course ownership resulted from a variety of factors, including a scarcity of capital, the entrepreneurial nature of many golf course owners and operators and their associated pride of ownership. The Company believes that the economies of scale in owning and operating multiple golf courses, the growing significance of professional financial management in the operation of golf courses and the desire for liquidity by golf course owners could lead to consolidation of golf course ownership. In particular, the Company believes golf course owners will be attracted to the Company's multiple independent lessee structure, which permits the Company to acquire a course and then lease it back to an affiliate of the seller. Such structure satisfies the owner's desire to remain involved in the day-to-day operation of his course, while also satisfying his desire to obtain liquidity. The Company further believes its ability to issue OP Units in exchange for a golf course will attract potential sellers, who generally can defer recognition of taxable gain on the exchange until they exercise their right to cause the Company to redeem the OP Units for cash (or Common Stock, at the Company's option) (their "Redemption Right"). By offering golf course owners the tax planning benefit of OP Units and the economic benefit of participating in the independent lessee structure, including resulting economies of scale in operating golf courses, the Company believes it is able to acquire desirable upscale courses that may not otherwise be available for purchase. See "The Company -- Business Strategies and Objectives -- Acquisitions and Expansions." Largely in response to the popularity of golf, the construction of golf courses in the United States has increased significantly in recent years. New golf course openings from the mid-1970's through 1987 averaged approximately 150 golf courses per year. For the period 1987 through 1996 an average of 279 new golf courses were opened each year, with a high of 336 new golf course openings in 1995. The emergence and popularity of younger professional golfers, including Tiger Woods, Justin Leonard, Phil Mickelson and Karrie Webb, have increased awareness and interest in golf. According to industry statistics, 19.4 million homes watched the final round of the four major golf championships in 1996. In 1997, television viewership of the final four rounds of the four major golf championships increased 56 percent to 30.3 million. The Company believes this resurgent interest will result in increasing golf participation, including increasing participation by women and younger golfers. 6
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The golf industry generated approximately $15 billion in revenues in the United States in 1996. The Company believes the game of golf has exhibited strong growth in popularity in the past 16 years as illustrated below: · Enlarge/Download Table 1980 1996 % CHANGE ---- ---- -------- (MILLIONS) Number of golfers............................................................... 15.0 24.7 65% Rounds played................................................................... 358 477 33% DEMOGRAPHICS. Additionally, the Company believes the game of golf will benefit from favorable demographic trends. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population age 50 and over will increase by 39% between 1996 and 2010, from 69.3 million to 96.3 million. The average number of rounds played per golfer on an annual basis increases significantly as the golfer ages. Golfers in their 50's play nearly twice as many rounds annually as golfers in their 30's, and golfers age 65 and older generally play three times as many rounds annually as golfers in their 30's. The Company believes that the number of golfers as well as the total number of rounds played will increase significantly as the average age of the population continues to increase. The Company believes that "baby boomers," the oldest of whom are now in their early 50's, will contribute to the growth in total rounds played due to growing wealth and leisure time as well as the suitability of golf as a sport for an aging population. Since 1991, the number of senior golfers (golfers age 50 and over) has grown 16%, or by nearly 1 million golfers. See "The Golf Industry -- Demographics." 7
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THE GOLF COURSES The Company believes that its acquisition of the 10 Initial Courses and its acquisitions since the IPO are consistent with its goal of becoming a leading owner of, and participating in increased revenue from, nationally or regionally recognized golf courses. The Company's Golf Courses consist of 19 upscale courses located in the mid-Atlantic, southeastern, midwestern and southwestern United States. Five of the Golf Courses were ranked among the Top Ten New Courses by either GOLF DIGEST or GOLF MAGAZINE in the year opened, including Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent, each of which was named the Best New Upscale Course by GOLF DIGEST in 1996 and 1997, respectively, and Oyster Bay, which was named Best New Resort Course in the United States in 1983 by GOLF DIGEST. The Copperhead Course at the Innisbrook Resort was ranked 43rd in the 1996 survey by GOLF MAGAZINE of the "Top 100 Courses You Can Play" and the Island Course at the Innisbrook Resort was rated by GOLF DIGEST as one of the "Top 75 Resort Courses" in 1992. Heritage Golf Club was ranked in the Top 50 Public Golf Courses by GOLF DIGEST in 1992. The Golf Courses include 17 upscale Daily Fee courses (including 10 Resort Courses) and two private clubs. "Daily Fee" courses are open to the public and generate revenues principally through green fees, golf cart rentals, food and beverage operations, merchandise sales and driving range charges. "Resort Courses" are Daily Fee golf courses that attract a significant percentage of players from outside the immediate area in which the golf course is located and generate a significant amount of revenue from golf vacation packages. The Company considers its Daily Fee and Resort Courses to be high-end golf courses because of the quality and maintenance of each golf course. Private country clubs generally are closed to the public and derive revenues principally from membership dues, initiation fees, transfer fees, golf cart rentals, guest fees, food and beverage operations and merchandise sales. The Company believes that the overall quality of the Golf Courses is reflected in the green fees charged at each Golf Course, which significantly exceed national averages. The Company believes its focus on upscale Daily Fee golf courses and private country clubs, which attract golfers with attractive demographic and economic profiles, will result in stronger and less cyclical revenue growth in comparison to golf courses with lower green fees. Five of the Golf Courses are located in the Myrtle Beach, South Carolina vicinity, a popular year-round golf destination area. Myrtle Beach is considered one of the nation's premier golf resort locations with nearly 100 golf courses and approximately 3.9 million rounds played in 1996, according to the MYRTLE BEACH GOLF HOLIDAY-TM-. In addition to golf courses, Myrtle Beach offers a mix of entertainment, shopping and dining, as well as proximity to beaches. All of the Golf Courses located in the Myrtle Beach vicinity were developed and contributed to the Company by The Legends Group, a leading golf course owner, developer and operator in the southeast and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States controlled by Legends Group, Ltd. (together with its affiliates, "The Legends Group"). Five of the Golf Courses are located in the Tampa, Florida area. Of these, four are located at the Innisbrook Resort, a destination golf resort that includes one of the largest hotel and conference facilities in the state. The fifth course, Lost Oaks, is located near the Innisbrook Resort, and all five courses are near the sandy beaches on the Gulf of Mexico. Additionally, the courses benefit from the millions of tourists annually that visit Disneyworld-TM-, Busch Gardens-TM- and other regional recreational attractions. Two of the Golf Courses are located in the Williamsburg, Virginia area and were opened in June and August, 1996. Williamsburg is a leading tourist destination and has a population of approximately 2.6 million within a 60 mile radius. Williamsburg is an emerging golf resort destination, as evidenced by the six new courses that have opened in the Williamsburg vicinity since 1995, including two of the Company's courses. In addition to golf, Williamsburg and the surrounding area offer shopping, dining, entertainment and historical attractions. Both of the Golf Courses located in Williamsburg were developed and contributed to the Company by The Legends Group. The Company owns a fee simple interest in each of the Golf Courses with the exception of Oyster Bay, which is subject to a long-term ground lease (with approximately 35 years remaining), and the four Golf Courses at the Innisbrook Resort, where the Company holds a first lien on the Golf Courses and all of the related facilities (other than the separately-owned condominium units comprising the hotel). The Company holds an option to purchase the Innisbrook Resort and such facilities at the expiration of the Participating Mortgage for the lesser of its fair market value or a pre-determined number of shares of Common Stock and the cancellation of the outstanding balance of the Participating Mortgage. Certain unaudited information regarding each of the Golf Courses is set forth on the following page: 8
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THE GOLF COURSES · Enlarge/Download Table REVENUE PER PLAYER ROUNDS (2) --------------------------------- -------------------- TWELVE MONTHS ENDED YARDAGE TYPE OF YEAR JUNE 30, NAME LOCATION (1) COURSE OPENED 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 ---------------- ------------------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ----------- --------- --------- INITIAL COURSES: Heritage Club... Pawleys Island, SC 7,040 Resort 1986 55,094 52,382 52,889 $ 57.28 $ 59.96 Heathland....... Myrtle Beach, SC 6,785 Resort 1990 49,312 50,294 50,937 55.04 53.92 Moorland........ Myrtle Beach, SC 6,799 Resort 1990 49,590 51,102 51,754 55.03 54.79 Parkland........ Myrtle Beach, SC 7,170 Resort 1992 46,564 47,331 48,437 54.98 54.21 Oyster Bay (6)............ Sunset Beach, NC 6,685 Resort 1983 62,141 57,856 58,725 55.66 56.83 Woodlands....... Gulf Shores, AL 6,584 Resort 1994 43,464 41,744 44,623 32.88 34.86 Royal New Kent Providence Forge, (7)............ VA 7,291 Daily Fee 1996 -- 5,743 12,948 -- 60.60 Stonehouse Golf Club (8)....... Williamsburg, VA 6,963 Daily Fee 1996 -- 5,686 16,762 -- 60.50 Olde Atlanta.... Atlanta, GA 6,789 Daily Fee 1993 41,195 41,053 44,485 37.53 41.39 Northgate Country Club (9)............ Houston, TX 6,540 Private 1984 46,600 45,400 46,268 59.40 64.27 SUBSEQUENT ACQUISITIONS: Tiburon Golf Club (10)...... Omaha, NE 7,005 Daily Fee 1989 56,496 53,160 60,644 21.33 23.19 Raintree Country Club........... Akron, OH 6,886 Daily Fee 1991 44,000 40,000 40,000 19.25 20.38 Eagle Watch..... Atlanta, GA 6,896 Daily Fee 1989 36,484 36,322 40,126 38.67 39.23 Lost Oaks....... Tampa, FL 6,500 Daily Fee 1975 40,072 52,760 67,708 31.87 29.64 Club of the Country........ Kansas City, KS 6,412 Private 1979 15,749 17,575 19,093 43.69 43.93 Innisbrook Resort (6)(12)........ Tampa, FL 148,294 140,922 139,094 95.35 101.23 Copperhead.... 7,087 Resort 1972 Island........ 6,999 Resort 1970 Eagle's Watch (13)........ 6,245 Resort 1971 Hawk's Run (13)........ 6,245 Resort 1971 Total.......................................................................................................................... GROSS GOLF REVENUE (3) ---------------------------------- TWELVE TWELVE MONTHS MONTHS ENDED ENDED INITIAL JUNE 30, JUNE 30, BASE RENT NAME 1997 1995 1996 1997 (4) ---------------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- INITIAL COURSES: Heritage Club... $ 60.20 $3,156,000 $3,141,000 $3,184,000 $1,825,000 Heathland....... 53.81 2,714,000 2,712,000 2,741,000 1,556,000(5) Moorland........ 55.20 2,729,000 2,800,000 2,857,000 1,556,000(5) Parkland........ 53.88 2,560,000 2,566,000 2,610,000 1,557,000(5) Oyster Bay (6)............ 56.40 3,459,000 3,288,000 3,312,000 1,856,000 Woodlands....... 37.02 1,429,000 1,455,000 1,650,000 679,000 Royal New Kent (7)............ 64.26 -- 348,000 832,000 1,817,000 Stonehouse Golf Club (8)....... 67.65 -- 344,000 1,134,000 1,890,000 Olde Atlanta.... 41.14 1,546,000 1,699,000 1,830,000 845,000 Northgate Country Club (9)............ 66.05 2,768,000 2,918,000 3,056,000 1,407,000 SUBSEQUENT ACQUISITIONS: Tiburon Golf Club (10)...... 21.37 1,205,000 1,233,000 1,296,000 682,000 Raintree Country Club........... 21.43 847,000 815,000 857,000 520,000 Eagle Watch..... 38.03 1,411,000 1,425,000 1,526,000 703,000 Lost Oaks....... 24.28 1,277,000 1,564,000 1,644,000 625,000(11) Club of the Country........ 41.01 668,000 772,000 783,000 330,000 Innisbrook Resort (6)(12)........ 103.53 14,140,000 14,265,000 14,400,000 6,739,000 Copperhead.... Island........ Eagle's Watch (13)........ Hawk's Run (13)........ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Total......... $39,909,000 $41,345,000 $43,712,000 $24,587,000 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- (FOOTNOTES ON FOLLOWING PAGE) 9
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--------------- (1) Yardage is calculated from the championship tees. (2) "Revenue Per Player" is calculated by dividing Gross Golf Revenue at the applicable Golf Course by the number of rounds played at the applicable Golf Course. (3) Gross Golf Revenue is defined as all revenues from a golf course, including green fees, golf cart rentals, range fees, membership dues, member initiation fees and transfer fees, but excluding food and beverage and merchandise revenue. In the case of the Innisbrook Resort the amounts shown in the table include all revenue at the Innisbrook Resort, including golf and hotel revenue, and food, beverage and merchandise sales, but exclude various taxes and net of rental payments to individual condominium owners. (4) In addition to Base Rent, Participating Rent may be payable by the Lessees and Participating Interest (as herein defined) may be payable by the Innisbrook Resort Owner. Participating Rent is calculated based on increases in the Gross Golf Revenue from a base year (1996 in the case of the Initial Courses), as adjusted. For the Innisbrook Resort, Base Rent shown corresponds to the Base Interest payment. (5) Heathland, Moorland and Parkland are subject to a single Participating Lease and the Base Rent is equally allocated among these Golf Courses. (6) The Company acquired or has a contract to acquire the fee simple interest in each of the Golf Courses except Oyster Bay, which is subject to a long-term ground lease with a lessor not affiliated with the Prior Owner thereof, and the Innisbrook Resort, which serves as collateral under the Participating Mortgage. (7) Opened in August 1996. (8) Opened in June 1996. (9) The Company has agreed to fund up to $3.0 million to construct an additional nine holes located on land adjacent to this Golf Course. The Company expects to acquire, upon completion, the additional nine holes. Amounts shown for Northgate Country Club are for its fiscal year ended December 20, or the twelve months ended June 30, as applicable. (10) Tiburon consists of 27 holes. Eighteen holes were built in 1989 with an additional nine holes built in 1994. With the exception of Initial Base Rent, numbers are 18-hole equivalents. Yardage and year opened is for the White/Blue course. (11) The Company has agreed to fund up to $1.25 million to pay for additional improvements at the Lost Oaks course. If this amount is fully advanced, the Base Rent will be increased to $740,930. (12) The Company has a participating mortgage interest in the Innisbrook Resort. The facility currently has 63 holes with an additional nine holes under construction. Under the terms of the Participating Mortgage, the Company initially funded $69.975 million and has agreed to fund an additional $9 million to fund certain improvements at the Innisbrook Resort, including the construction of the additional nine holes. Upon funding of the entire $9 million, the Base Interest will be increased to approximately $7.6 million. (13) Eagle's Watch and Hawk's Run currently comprise the 27-hole Sandpiper course at the Innisbrook Resort. An additional nine holes are under construction, which is scheduled for completion in 1998. Yardage shown reflects 18-hole equivalents for Sandpiper. 10
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BUSINESS STRATEGIES AND OBJECTIVES The Company's primary objectives are to increase its Cash Available for Distribution per share to stockholders and to enhance stockholder value. The Company's main strategy for such growth is to (i) acquire additional golf courses that meet the Company's investment criteria and (ii) participate in increased revenues at its Golf Courses. The Company currently holds a participating interest in 19 Golf Courses. When the Company acquires a golf course, the course is either leased back to its prior owner or leased to another qualified operator not affiliated with the Company. Under the Company's standard Participating Lease, the Company receives fixed Base Rent and Participating Rent based on increases in Gross Golf Revenues (as herein defined), if any, at such Golf Course. Currently all Golf Courses owned by the Company are leased to their Prior Owners (or such owners' affiliates) with the exception of Tiburon and Lost Oaks. The Company believes the continuity of management provided by these experienced operators will facilitate the Company's growth and profitability. Each Lessee is required to join the Company's Lessee Advisory Association, which provides marketing information and potential economic benefits to the Lessees, such as bulk purchasing power for certain golf course supplies and equipment. In certain instances, state and federal tax laws make sale-leaseback transactions prohibitively expensive, in which case the Company may provide financing to a particular golf course, provided it receives a participating interest in revenues at the golf course on a basis comparable to the Company's standard Participating Lease. Typically, the Company's loan will be secured by a first-lien on the underlying golf course asset and will include an option to purchase the course at the end of the loan's term. In considering any financing transactions, including the Participating Mortgage, the Company seeks to obtain economic terms similar to the standard Participating Lease. In addition to acquiring new golf courses and new participating interests, the Company seeks to increase revenue from its current assets through internal growth. Both strategies are discussed below. ACQUISITIONS AND EXPANSIONS ACQUISITIONS. The Company believes market conditions today are favorable for the acquisition of golf courses at attractive returns. The Company intends to continue to acquire additional golf courses, including multi-course portfolios, that meet one or more of its investment criteria as generally described below. The Company believes the factors described below provide it with a distinct competitive advantage in the acquisition of upscale golf courses, including courses that might not otherwise be available for purchase. To fund acquisitions, the Company has access to a variety of debt and equity financing sources, including the Line of Credit, and the ability to issue OP Units. The issuance of OP Units can provide a means of structuring tax-deferred transactions for sellers of golf courses. OP Units represent units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership. Holders of OP Units generally have the right to cause the Company to redeem their OP Units after certain holding periods for cash, or at the Company's option for Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. To the extent the Company acquires a golf course in exchange for OP Units, the golf course seller generally will not recognize taxable income until it exercises the Redemption Right (as herein defined). The Company believes it can attract sellers by offering competitive pricing and valuation and by offering the following benefits: (i) the ability to retain control over the operations of the golf course by leasing the golf course back from the Company through the Company's multiple independent lessee structure; (ii) the tax deferral and increased liquidity associated with owning OP Units; (iii) the ability to obtain additional OP Units through the Lessee Performance Option (described below); (iv) marketing and purchasing economies of scale gained from participation in the Lessee Advisory Association; and (v) the ability to diversify the seller's investment by participating as an equity owner in the Company's portfolio of golf courses. 11
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The Company intends to concentrate its investment activities on golf courses available at attractive prices that meet one or more of the following criteria: - upscale Daily Fee courses that target avid golfers, who the Company believes are generally willing to pay the higher green fees associated with upscale golf courses; - private or semi-private golf courses with proven operating histories that have the potential for significant cash flow growth; - courses that offer superior facilities and service and attract a relatively high number of affluent destination golfers; - courses owned by multi-course owners and operators who have a strong regional presence and afford the Company the opportunity to expand in a particular region; - newly developed, well-designed courses with high growth potential; and - upscale, well-maintained golf courses with proven operating histories located in areas where significant barriers to entry exist. The Company will undertake an analysis with respect to golf courses to be considered for acquisition, including an evaluation of the following: - product and service differentiation; - competitive position in market; - barriers to entry in development of new golf courses; - conditioning of the golf course and agronomy review; - quantity, quality and cost of irrigation; and - strength of the lodging industry, including hotels and condominiums, in destination golf areas. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to find additional golf courses that meet its investment criteria and there can be no assurance that the Company will have access to sufficient debt and equity financing to allow it successfully to acquire such courses. Moreover, acquisitions entail risks that acquired courses will fail to perform in accordance with expectations. EXPANSIONS. The Prior Owner of Northgate Country Club plans to add nine holes to that Golf Course, the Prior Owner of Woodlands is constructing a new clubhouse at Woodlands and the owner of Lost Oaks plans to renovate and remodel the clubhouse and course there (collectively, the "Expansion Facilities"). Subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, the Company has agreed that it will purchase the Expansion Facilities when fully completed and operational. The Company has agreed to fund the expansion at Northgate Country Club and may fund the construction of the other Expansion Facilities. The Company will acquire each Expansion Facility for a price equal to the cost of construction, which cost must be approved in advance by the Company and which may include an allowance for land. No development fee will be paid to a Prior Owner or any affiliate thereof in connection with the construction of the Expansion Facilities. Upon the Company's acquisition of the respective Expansion Facilities, the Participating Leases for Northgate Country Club, Woodlands and Lost Oaks will be amended to include the applicable Expansion Facility, to increase the Base Rent in an amount designed to be accretive to the Company's Funds From Operations (as herein defined) per share, and, with the exception of Lost Oaks (which Participating Lease is cross-defaulted with the Participating Mortgage on the Innisbrook Resort), the Prior Owner will be required to pledge additional OP Units (or cash or other security acceptable to the Company) equal to 15% of the purchase price paid by the Company for the applicable Expansion Facility. See "The Company -- Business Strategies and Objectives -- Acquisitions and Expansions." 12
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The Lessee of Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent currently is constructing clubhouses of 6,600 square feet and 7,700 square feet, respectively, at such courses. The clubhouses are expected to be completed by June 30, 1998 and will be constructed at the Lessee's expense. Base Rent will not be adjusted but the Company will participate in any increases in Gross Golf Revenue (as herein defined). See "The Golf Courses -- The Participating Leases." The Innisbrook Resort Owner currently is adding an additional nine holes at the Innisbrook Resort and is making significant capital improvements to the resort and conference facilities. The Company, under the Participating Mortgage, has agreed to fund up to $9 million for these improvements. INTERNAL GROWTH Based on the experience of its management, the Company believes the Golf Courses offer opportunities for revenue growth through effective marketing and efficient operations. See "The Golf Courses -- The Participating Leases -- Advisory Association." The Participating Leases and the Participating Mortgage have been structured to provide the operators with incentives to manage and maintain the Golf Courses in a manner designed to increase revenue and, as a result, increase payments to the Company under the Participating Leases and the Participating Mortgage. The Company believes that management of the Lessees, as well as Troon Golf, have demonstrated expertise in the operation of the Golf Courses and that the Golf Courses are positioned to benefit from favorable trends in the golf industry. See "Lessees and Operators" and "The Golf Industry." PARTICIPATING LEASES. The Participating Leases generally provide that for any calendar year, the Company will receive with respect to each leased Golf Course, the greater of (a) Base Rent (as adjusted by the Base Rent Escalator described below) or (b) an amount equal to the original (unescalated) Base Rent plus the Participating Rent payable at the Golf Course. Participating Rent is equal to 33 1/3% of the difference between that calendar year's Gross Golf Revenue and Gross Golf Revenue at the Golf Course in the calendar year prior to the course's acquisition, as adjusted in determining the original Base Rent. Base Rent under each Participating Lease generally increases annually by the lesser of (i) 3% or (ii) 200% of the change in the Consumer Price Index ("CPI") for the prior year (the "Base Rent Escalator") during each of the first five years of the Participating Lease and, if the Lessee Performance Option is exercised, for an additional five years thereafter. Annual increases in Lease Payments are limited to 5% during the first five years of the lease terms. "Gross Golf Revenue" is generally defined as all revenues from a Golf Course including green fees, golf cart rentals, range fees, membership dues, member initiation fees and transfer fees, excluding, however, food and beverage and merchandise revenue. See "The Golf Courses" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." PARTICIPATING MORTGAGE. The $78.975 million Participating Mortgage is structured similarly to the Participating Lease. The Company anticipates that it will receive a return similar to the return it anticipates on the Participating Leases. Under the Participating Mortgage, the Company made an initial advance of $69.975 million, which will be followed by additional advances of up to $9.0 million to be used for a nine-hole expansion and other improvements to the Innisbrook Resort facilities currently underway. The loan term is 30 years, with an initial base interest rate of 9.63% per annum and an interest rate of 9.75% per annum on the amount of the loan in excess of $69.975 million (the "Base Interest"). The loan provides for minimum increases in the aggregate annual payment of Base Interest of 5% per year for the first five years and a participating interest feature throughout the term based upon the growth in Gross Golf Revenues, as well as in other revenues, at the Innisbrook Resort over a 1996 base year (the "Participating Interest," and, together with the Base Interest, the "Mortgage Payment"). The annual increases in the Mortgage Payment are limited to 7% during the first five years. Westin has agreed to pay up to $2.5 million per year to the Innisbrook Resort Owner to supplement results of operations with respect to the operations at the Innisbrook Resort. The Westin Guaranty has a term of up to five years. LESSEE PERFORMANCE OPTION. The Participating Leases utilize an incentive-based performance structure (the "Performance Option") designed to encourage the operators to seek aggressive growth in revenue at the Golf Courses. The structure also is designed to attract potential sellers of golf courses that the Company believes 13
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have high growth potential and that might not otherwise be available for purchase. Under the Performance Option for the Participating Leases, during years three through five of each Participating Lease, the operator or its affiliate, subject to certain qualifications and restrictions, may elect one time to increase the Base Rent, in order to receive additional OP Units or Common Stock. The Prior Owner of the Northgate Country Club has an additional two-year period to exercise the Performance Option following its election to construct the nine-hole expansion. The Performance Option for the Participating Leases may be exercised only if the current-year net operating income of the operator of the applicable Golf Course, inclusive of a capital replacement reserve, exceeds 113.5% of such Lessee's Lease Payment, after taking into account the increased amount of Base Rent. If the Performance Option is exercised, the Base Rent is increased by an amount calculated to be accretive to the Company's Funds From Operations on a per share basis. Following exercise of the Performance Option, the adjusted Base Rent will be increased by the Base Rent Escalator each year for a period of five years. An operator's ability to exercise the Performance Option and the number of OP Units or Common Stock issuable to such Prior Owner in connection therewith, will depend on future operating results at the applicable Golf Course and therefore cannot be determined in advance. PERFORMANCE OPTION FOR THE PARTICIPATING MORTGAGE. The structure of the Performance Option for the Participating Mortgage is similar to the Performance Option for the Participating Leases. Under the Performance Option for the Participating Mortgage, during years three though five of the Participating Mortgage the Innisbrook Resort Owner, subject to certain qualifications and restrictions, may elect one time to require the Company to make an additional advance (the "Performance Advance") under the Participating Mortgage. The Innisbrook Resort Owner will be required to purchase additional OP units with the Performance Advance. The Performance Option for the Participating Mortgage may be exercised only if the current-year net operating income of the Innisbrook Resort, inclusive of a capital replacement reserve, exceeds 113.5% of such operator's Participating Mortgage obligation, after taking into account the increased amount of Base Interest. If the Performance Advance is made, the interest on the Performance Advance will be calculated to be accretive to the Company's Funds From Operations on a per share basis. Following exercise of the Performance Option for the Participating Mortgage, the adjusted Base Interest will be increased 3% per annum for five years. The Innisbrook Resort Owner's ability to exercise the Performance Option will depend on future operating results and therefore cannot be determined in advance. FORMATION AND STRUCTURE GTA was incorporated in Maryland in November 1996 to take advantage of consolidation opportunities in owning golf courses. GTA has two wholly-owned subsidiaries, GTA GP and GTA LP, which exist solely to hold the Company's general and limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership, the Company's operating subsidiary. The board of directors of each subsidiary is comprised of the executive officers of GTA. The Operating Partnership was formed in Delaware in November 1996. GTA GP is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. In February 1997, the Company raised net proceeds of approximately $73.0 million in its IPO and acquired its 10 Initial Courses from their Prior Owners. Each Initial Course was then leased back to an affiliate of its Prior Owner. The Company believes that the substantial ownership interest of the Prior Owners and operators in the Company, equal to approximately 54% prior to this Offering, aligns the interests of their affiliated Lessees with the interests of stockholders. Prior to the IPO, the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company, W. Bradley Blair, II, served as the Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Legends Group, Ltd., which controls The Legends Group, a leading golf course owner, developer and operator in the southeast and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. Certain of the Lessees are affiliates of The Legends Group. Upon completion of the IPO, Mr. Blair resigned from Legends Group, Ltd. and no longer holds any interest in the golf operations of The Legends Group. Seven of the Company's Initial Courses were acquired from The Legends Group. As part of the Formation Transactions (as herein defined), the Company entered into an Option to Purchase and Right of First Refusal 14
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Agreement relating to golf courses owned, developed or acquired by The Legends Group. The Participating Leases with affiliates of The Legends Group (the "Legends Lessees") are cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted. Larry D. Young, a director of the Company, is the majority owner of The Legends Group and the Legends Lessee. Certain investors in the entities that contributed the Initial Golf Courses to the Company at the IPO received certain benefits in connection with the IPO. See "Formation Transactions." OPERATING PARTNERSHIP. GTA, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries GTA GP and GTA LP, currently holds a 47.4% interest in the Operating Partnership (60.8% after giving effect to this Offering). GTA GP is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. GTA LP is a limited partner of the Operating Partnership. The other limited partners include those Prior Owners who received OP Units in exchange for the contribution of their Golf Courses. Pursuant to the First Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership, which was entered into concurrently with the closing of the IPO, the limited partners do not have day-to-day control over the Operating Partnership. However, the limited partners are entitled to vote on certain matters, including the sale of all or substantially all the Company's assets or the merger or consolidation of the Operating Partnership, which decisions require the approval of the holders of at least 66.7% of the limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership. Each of the limited partners (other than GTA LP) may exercise Redemption Rights for up to 50% of its OP Units beginning one year after the IPO (February 12, 1998) and the remaining 50% two years thereafter for cash or, at the election of the Company, for shares of Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. See "Partnership Agreement -- Redemption Rights." The relationship after this Offering between GTA, its subsidiaries, the Operating Partnership, the Limited Partners (including many Prior Owners) and the Lessees is described in the following chart: [ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF THE COMPANY AND ITS AFFILIATES] 15
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DISTRIBUTION POLICY The Company intends to make regular quarterly distributions to its stockholders. The Company declared a quarterly distribution of $0.41 per share of Common Stock ($1.64 on an annualized basis) on October 15, 1997 to stockholders of record on October 27, 1997. Future distributions will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors based on the Company's actual results of operations, economic conditions, tax considerations (including those related to REITs) and other factors. In order to maintain its status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, the Company currently is required to distribute at least 95% of its annual taxable income. Holders of OP Units will receive distributions on a per unit basis equal to the per share distributions to owners of Common Stock. See "Partnership Agreement." TAX STATUS The Company will elect to be taxed as a REIT under sections 856 through 860 of the Tax Code commencing with its taxable year ending December 31, 1997. If the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, with certain exceptions, the Company will not be subject to federal income tax at the corporate level on its taxable income that is distributed to its stockholders. A REIT is subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it distribute at least 95% of its annual taxable income. Failure to qualify as a REIT will render the Company subject to federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income at regular corporate rates and distributions to the stockholders in any such year will not be deductible by the Company. Although the Company does not intend to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the "Service") as to its REIT status, the Company has received the opinion of its legal counsel, O'Melveny & Myers LLP, as to its REIT status, which opinion is based on certain assumptions and representations and is not binding on the Service or any court. Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, the Company may be subject to certain state and local taxes on its income and property. In connection with the Company's election to be taxed as a REIT, the Company's Charter imposes restrictions on the transfer of shares of Common Stock. The Company has adopted the calendar year as its taxable year. See "Risk Factors -- Real Estate Investment Trust and Partnership Qualification," "-- Limits on Changes in Control" and "-- Ownership Limit," "Federal Income Tax Considerations" and "Capital Stock -- Restrictions on Ownership." THE OFFERING · Enlarge/Download Table Common Stock offered by the Company.......................... 3,000,000 shares (1) Common Stock and OP Units to be outstanding after completion of the Offering..................... 11,781,068 shares (1)(2) Use of Proceeds................... To repay outstanding mortgage indebtedness under the Line of Credit and for working capital, including the acquisition of additional golf courses American Stock Exchange symbol.... GTA ------------ (1) Assumes the Underwriters' over-allotment option is not exercised. See "Underwriting." (2) Includes 70,000 shares of restricted Common Stock issued to the Company's officers, which shares are subject to vesting conditions. See "Management -- Executive Compensation." Does not include an aggregate of 1,130,000 shares reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company's Stock Incentive Plans and the Directors' Plan (each as herein defined), see "Management -- Stock Incentive Plans" and "Management -- Directors' Plan," and does not include additional OP Units that may be issued pursuant to the Performance Option, see "The Company -- Business Strategies and Objectives -- Internal Growth -- Performance Option." 16
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SUMMARY FINANCIAL DATA The following tables set forth (i) unaudited selected consolidated historical and pro forma financial information for the Company and The Legends Group and (ii) selected historical financial information for The Legends Group, the accounting acquiror, and for the Legends Lessee, the significant lessee. The pro forma operating information is presented as if the Formation Transactions, this Offering and the acquisition of the Golf Courses acquired subsequent to the IPO (the "Subsequent Acquisitions") had occurred as of January 1, 1996, and therefore incorporates certain assumptions that are included in the Notes to Pro Forma Condensed Statements of Operations included elsewhere in this Prospectus. The pro forma balance sheet information is presented as if this Offering and the Subsequent Acquisitions had occurred on June 30, 1997. The pro forma information does not purport to represent what the Company's nor the Legends Group's financial position or results of operations actually would have been had the Formation Transactions, this Offering and the Subsequent Acquisitions, in fact, occurred on such date or at the beginning of the period indicated, or to project the Company's or The Legends Group's financial position or results of operations at any future date or for any future period. GOLF TRUST OF AMERICA, INC. UNAUDITED SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA (in thousands, except per share data) · Enlarge/Download Table PERIOD FROM SIX MONTHS FEBRUARY 12, 1997 YEAR ENDED ENDED JUNE (INCEPTION OF DECEMBER 31, 30, OPERATIONS) THROUGH 1996 1997 JUNE 30, 1997 ------------- ----------- ------------------- (PRO FORMA) (HISTORICAL) OPERATING DATA: Revenue: Participating Leases (1)....................................... $ 15,949 $ 9,033 $ 5,859 Participating Mortgage......................................... 8,067 4,034 181 Other interest income.......................................... -- -- 448 ------------- ----------- ---------- Total revenue................................................ 24,016 13,067 6,488 ------------- ----------- ---------- Depreciation and amortization (1)................................ 5,317 2,950 1,149 General and administrative....................................... 2,097 1,300 910 Interest expense................................................. 368 184 290 ------------- ----------- ---------- Total expenses............................................... 7,782 4,434 2,349 ------------- ----------- ---------- Income before minority interest (1).............................. 16,234 8,633 4,139 Minority interest (2)............................................ 6,104 3,384 2,129 ------------- ----------- ---------- Net income applicable to common stockholders..................... $ 10,130 $ 5,249 $ 2,010 ------------- ----------- ---------- ------------- ----------- ---------- Net income per share of Common Stock............................. $ 1.42 $ 0.73 $ 0.50 ------------- ----------- ---------- ------------- ----------- ---------- Weighted average shares of Common Stock outstanding.............. 7,161 7,161 4,007 ------------- ----------- ---------- ------------- ----------- ---------- CASH FLOW DATA: Cash flows from operating activities (3)....................... $ 21,551 $ 11,583 $ 3,578 Cash flows used in investing activities (4).................... (719) (359) (116,497) Cash flows from financing activities (5)....................... 14,505 9,660 115,190 OTHER DATA: Funds From Operations (6)...................................... $ 21,551 $ 11,583 $ 5,288 Cash Available for Distribution (6)............................ $ 19,504 $ 10,560 $ 5,011 Weighted average Common Stock and OP Units outstanding......... 11,482 11,781 8,479 · Enlarge/Download Table JUNE 30, ------------------------ 1997 ----------- 1997 (HISTORICAL) ----------- (PRO FORMA) BALANCE SHEET DATA: Investment in Golf Courses............................................................ $ 87,599 $ 61,724 Mortgage note receivable (7).......................................................... 61,680 61,680 Notes payable......................................................................... 4,325 43,900 Minority interest in Operating Partnership............................................ 49,267 43,487 Total stockholders' equity............................................................ 112,786 40,361 (NOTES ON PAGE 20) 17
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THE LEGENDS GROUP GOLF COURSE OPERATIONS UNAUDITED SUMMARY PRO FORMA FINANCIAL DATA (in thousands) · Enlarge/Download Table SEASIDE LEGENDS RESORTS OF TOTAL GOLF HERITAGE (OYSTER VIRGINIA LEGENDS LEGENDS GOLF CLUB BAY) (8) GOLF --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996 OPERATING DATA: Revenue from Golf Course operations....................... $ 8,078 $ 3,141 $ 3,288 $ 692 $ 15,199 Other revenue............................................. 2,534 745 784 151 4,214 --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- Total revenue............................................. 10,612 3,886 4,072 843 19,413 Participating Lease payments (1).......................... 4,670 1,825 1,856 928 9,279 Other operating expenses (9).............................. 6,216 2,171 2,296 2,492 13,175 --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- Net income (loss)......................................... $ (274) $ (110) $ (80) $ (2,577) $ (3,041) --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- CASH FLOW DATA: Cash flows from (used in) operating activities (10)....... $ (125) $ (69) $ 40 $ (2,577) $ (2,731) Cash flows from investing activities (11)................. -- -- -- -- -- Cash flows from financing activities (12)................. -- -- -- -- -- OTHER DATA: EBITDA (13)............................................... $ (31) $ (55) $ 59 $ (2,577) $ (2,604) SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 1997 OPERATING DATA: Revenue from Golf Course operations....................... $ 4,853 $ 1,943 $ 2,012 $ 1,274 $ 10,082 Other revenue............................................. 1,692 453 517 252 2,914 --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- Total revenue............................................. 6,545 2,396 2,529 1,526 12,996 Participating Lease payments (1).......................... 2,335 913 928 1,853 6,029 Other operating expenses (9).............................. 3,714 1,204 1,168 1,857 7,943 --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- Net income (loss)......................................... $ 496 $ 279 $ 433 $ (2,184) $ (976) --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- CASH FLOW DATA: Cash flows from (used in) operating activities (10)....... $ 548 $ 295 $ 450 $ (2,184) $ (891) Cash flows from investing activities (11)................. -- -- -- -- -- Cash flows from financing activities (12)................. -- -- -- -- -- OTHER DATA: EBITDA (13)............................................... $ 557 $ 298 $ 453 $ (2,184) $ (876) (NOTES ON PAGE 20) 18
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THE LEGENDS GROUP SUMMARY COMBINED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION (in thousands) · Enlarge/Download Table SIX MONTHS ENDED YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30, ----------------------------------------------------- -------------------- 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1996 1997(14) --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- (UNAUDITED) FINANCIAL DATA: Revenue from golf course operations....................... $ 11,724 $ 13,455 $ 14,371 $ 14,619 $ 15,199 $ 8,641 $ 10,082 Other revenue...................... 2,931 3,438 4,725 3,823 4,214 2,284 2,914 --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Total revenue...................... 14,655 16,893 19,096 18,442 19,413 10,925 12,996 Operating expenses(9).............. 8,895 9,882 10,083 10,322 13,556 5,757 12,540 Depreciation and amortization...... 1,406 1,564 1,830 1,791 2,400 1,004 808 Interest expense................... 648 619 998 1,017 1,589 515 420 --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Income before equity in earnings of the Operating Partnership........ 3,706 4,828 6,185 5,312 1,868 3,649 (772) Equity in earnings of the Operating Partnership(15).................. -- -- -- -- -- -- 1,916 --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Net income......................... $ 3,706 $ 4,828 $ 6,185 $ 5,312 $ 1,868 $ 3,649 $ 1,144 --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- BALANCE SHEET DATA: Investment in Golf Courses and related equipment................ $ 17,425 $ 16,663 $ 19,301 $ 33,099 $ 35,060 $ 34,738 $ 1,083 Total assets....................... 20,484 22,719 24,649 42,300 49,804 49,458 22,019 Mortgages, notes payable and advances from affiliates and stockholders..................... 16,293 19,285 18,638 35,163 40,480 37,512 8,268 Capital lease obligations.......... 332 -- -- -- -- -- -- Total owners' equity............... 2,086 2,263 3,772 6,328 7,174 9,976 11,000 (NOTES ON PAGE 20) 19
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--------------- (1) Represents payments of Base Rent from the Lessees to the Company calculated on a pro forma basis as if the beginning of the period presented was the beginning of a lease year, except for Legends of Virginia, the Lessee of Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent, which courses opened in June 1996 and August 1996, respectively. Pro forma Participating Lease revenue payable by Legends of Virginia reflects only the periods during which such Golf Courses were actually operating. If Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent had been operating during the entire period presented (i) Participating Lease revenue would have been $1,847 higher for the year ended December 31, 1996, for a total of $17,796, (ii) depreciation and amortization would have been $580 higher for the year ended December 31, 1996, for a total of $5,897, and (iii) income before minority interest for the year ended December 31, 1996 would have been $1,267 higher for a total of $17,501. The pro forma information does not include estimates of Base Rent increases in the second year. Pro forma results for the six months ended June 30, 1997 and actual results for the period from February 12, 1997 through June 30, 1997 include $109 of Participating Rent. (2) Calculated as approximately 37.6%, 39.2% and 51.4% of the Operating Partnership's net income for the applicable period based on the OP Units outstanding for the period not owned by the Company. (3) Represents the Company's income before minority interest adjusted for non-cash depreciation and amortization. Estimated pro forma cash flows from operating activities excludes cash provided by (used in) operating activities due to changes in working capital resulting from changes in current assets and current liabilities. The Company does not believe these excluded items are material to cash flows from operating activities. (4) Pro forma cash flows used in investing activities represents the amount of the reserve which the Company will be required to make available annually under the Participating Leases to fund capital expenditures, calculated as 2.0% to 5.0% of Gross Golf Revenue at the Golf Courses. In addition to increases resulting from the Base Rent Escalator and payments of Participating Rent, the Lessees generally are obligated to increase their lease payments each year in an amount equal to the increase in the capital expenditure reserve from the prior year. Historical cash flows used in investing activities additionally reflects golf course acquisitions and mortgage note issuance. (5) Pro forma cash flows used in financing activities represent estimated distributions to be paid based on the current quarterly dividend rate of $0.41 per share of Common Stock or per OP Unit and an aggregate of 11,482 and 11,781 shares of Common Stock and OP Units outstanding for the year ended December 31, 1996 and the six months ended June 30, 1997, respectively, and debt of $4,325. (6) Estimated Funds From Operations and Cash Available for Distribution are calculated as follows: · Enlarge/Download Table PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 12, 1997 (INCEPTION OF YEAR ENDED SIX MONTHS ENDED OPERATIONS) DECEMBER 31, 1996 JUNE 30, 1997 THROUGH JUNE 30, 1997 ----------------- ------------------ ------------------------ (PRO FORMA) (HISTORICAL) Income before minority interest............................. $16,234 $ 8,633 $4,139 Depreciation and amortization............................... 5,317 2,950 1,149 ----------------- ---------- ------- Funds From Operations....................................... 21,551 11,583 5,288 Adjustments: Noncash mortgage revenue.................................. (1,328) (664) (30) Estimated capital expenditures............................ (719) (359) (247) ----------------- ---------- ------- Cash Available for Distribution............................. 19,504 10,560 5,011 Additional Base Rent for courses not operational during entire period.............................................. 1,847 -- -- ----------------- ---------- ------- Adjusted Cash Available for Distribution.................... $21,351 $10,560 $5,011 In accordance with the resolution adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. ("NAREIT"), Funds From Operations represents net income (loss) (computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP")), excluding gains (or losses) from debt restructuring or sales of property, plus depreciation of real property, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnership and joint ventures. Funds From Operations should not be considered as an alternative to net income or other measurements under GAAP as an indicator of operating performance or to cash flows from operating investing or financial activities as a measure of liquidity. Funds From Operations does not reflect working capital changes, cash expenditures for capital improvements or principal payments on indebtedness. The Company believes that Funds From Operations is helpful to investors as a measure of the performance of an equity REIT, because along with cash flows from operating activities, financing activities and investing activities, it provides investors with an understanding of the ability of the Company to incur and service debt and make capital expenditures. Compliance with the NAREIT definition of Funds From Operations is voluntary. Accordingly, the Company's calculation of Funds From Operations in accordance with the NAREIT definition may be different than similarly titled measures used by other REITs. See "Distribution Policy." Pro forma income before minority interest for the year ended December 31, 1996, reflects base rent from Legends of Virginia for the period during which the Golf Courses it leases from the Company, Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent, were actually operating (Stonehouse Golf Club opened in June 1996 and Royal New Kent opened in August 1996). The adjustment above reflects additional Base Rent payable during the Golf Courses' initial year of operations (i.e., to reflect a full year's initial Base Rent). Noncash mortgage revenue represents the difference between interest revenue on the Participating Mortgage reported by the Company in accordance with GAAP and the actual cash payment to be received by the Company. See "The Golf Courses -- The Participating Mortgage -- Fixed Interest Rate Escalation." 20
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The Participating Leases require the Company to reserve annually between 2.0% and 5.0% of the Gross Golf Revenues of the Golf Courses to fund capital expenditures. Any capital expenditures in excess of such amounts will be funded by the Lessees. (7) Represents amounts outstanding under the Participating Mortgage exclusive of the amounts used to acquire OP Units and shares of the Common Stock. (8) Legends of Virginia financial data reflects partial period operations at both Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent, which opened in June 1996 and August 1996, respectively. Participating Lease payments reflect the periods in which the Golf Courses were actually operating. (9) Represents operating costs and expenses, general and administrative, repairs and maintenance, utilities, marketing and management fees. Operating Expenses for The Legends Group for the six months ended June 30, 1997 includes Base Rent payments for the period commencing February 12, 1997. (10) Represents pro forma income adjusted for non-cash depreciation and amortization. Estimated pro forma cash flows from operating activities excludes cash provided by (used in) operating activities due to changes in working capital resulting from changes in current assets and current liabilities. The Company does not believe these excluded items are material to cash flows from operating activities. (11) Cash flows from investing activities consists principally of capital improvements to the Golf Courses. As such improvements are expected to be funded through a capital expenditure reserve funded by the Company, cash flows from investing activities funded by the Lessees are not expected to be material. (12) Cash flows from financing activities primarily includes transactions with the Prior Owners and borrowings and repayments on loans. Such cash flows have been excluded in the determination of cash flows from financing activities as the Company does not believe these excluded items are material to cash flows from financing activities. (13) EBITDA is defined as operating income before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Management considers EBITDA to be an important measure of the cash flows from operations of the Lessees (before payment of debt service obligations and non-cash depreciation charges). EBITDA does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income as an indication of financial performance or to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. (14) Information presented includes the Prior Owners and the Legends Lessees combined, as the operations were transferred to the Legends Lessee effective February 12, 1997. Summary unaudited operating results for the Legends Lessees for the period February 12, 1997 (inception) through June 30, 1997 included in The Legends Group for the six months ended June 30, 1997 are as follows: · Enlarge/Download Table Gross golf revenue............................................................................... $ 9,164 Other revenue.................................................................................... 2,496 --------- Total Revenue.................................................................................. 11,660 Operating expenses............................................................................... 6,368 Lease Payments................................................................................... 4,629 Depreciation and amortization.................................................................... 37 --------- Total Expenses................................................................................. 11,034 --------- Net income....................................................................................... $ 626 --------- --------- (15) Equity in earnings of the Operating Partnership reflects the Prior Owner's proportionate interest in the earnings of the Operating Partnership based on its limited partnership interest. These amounts do not represent cash distributions to the Legends Group Prior Owner. Earnings reflect the interest of the Prior Owner and not the Legends Lessee, and any distributions payable to the Legends Group Prior Owner will not necessarily be available to the Legends Lessee to make Lease Payments. 21
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RISK FACTORS AN INVESTMENT IN THE COMMON STOCK INVOLVES VARIOUS RISKS. PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING RISK FACTORS IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS BEFORE PURCHASING SHARES OF COMMON STOCK IN THIS OFFERING. WHEN USED IN THIS PROSPECTUS, THE WORDS "MAY," "WILL," "EXPECT," "ANTICIPATE," "CONTINUE," "ESTIMATE," "PROJECT," "INTEND" AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS ARE INTENDED TO IDENTIFY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED, REGARDING EVENTS, CONDITIONS AND FINANCIAL TRENDS THAT MAY AFFECT THE COMPANY'S FUTURE PLANS OF OPERATIONS, BUSINESS STRATEGY, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL POSITION. PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS ARE CAUTIONED THAT ANY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE NOT GUARANTEES OF FUTURE PERFORMANCE AND ARE SUBJECT TO RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES AND THAT ACTUAL RESULTS MAY DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE INCLUDED WITHIN THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AS A RESULT OF VARIOUS FACTORS. FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE OR CONTRIBUTE TO SUCH DIFFERENCES INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO, THOSE DESCRIBED BELOW, UNDER THE HEADING "MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS" AND ELSEWHERE IN THIS PROSPECTUS. USE OF ADJUSTMENTS AND PROJECTIONS IN ESTABLISHING LEASE PAYMENTS AND PARTICIPATING MORTGAGE PAYMENTS The Company generally values golf courses, and establishes Lease Payments (and established the Participating Mortgage Payments), based on selected adjustments to historical operating results or estimates of future performance that the Company believes are appropriate. These adjustments include projected increases in revenues from golf course operations and elimination of certain operating expenses. If such adjustments are not appropriate, or if estimates of future performance are not met, a Lessee or the Innisbrook Resort Owner may not be able to make its scheduled payments to the Company. Failure of an operator to make such a payment would have a material adverse effect on the operations of the Company. Estimates of future performance were particularly significant with respect to two recently-opened Virginia courses and the Innisbrook Resort. In addition, although the Westin Guaranty is designed to supplement results of operations at the Innisbrook Resort, it is for a limited period and limited amount and may be insufficient to ensure receipt by the Company of Base Interest under the Participating Mortgage. DEPENDENCE ON PAYMENTS UNDER THE PARTICIPATING LEASES AND THE PARTICIPATING MORTGAGE; DIFFICULTY OF FINDING REPLACEMENT OPERATORS The Company's ability to make distributions to stockholders will depend primarily upon the ability of the Lessees to make Lease Payments under Participating Leases and of the Innisbrook Resort Owner to make interest payments under the Participating Mortgage (which, in both cases, will be dependent primarily on the Golf Course operators' ability to generate sufficient revenues in excess of operating expenses from the Golf Courses). Any failure or delay by a Lessee or the Innisbrook Resort Owner in making such payments may affect adversely the Company's ability to make anticipated distributions to stockholders. Such failure or delay may be caused by reductions in revenue from the Golf Courses or in the net operating income of a Lessee or otherwise. In addition, the Lessees are recently-organized limited purpose entities and have nominal capitalization. Although failure on the part of a Lessee materially to comply with the terms of its Participating Lease would give the Company the right to terminate such Participating Lease, recover any OP Units pledged as a security deposit, repossess the applicable Golf Course and enforce the Lease Payment obligations under the Participating Lease, the Company then would be required to find another lessee to lease such Golf Course or risk losing its ability to elect or maintain REIT status, as applicable. It may be difficult for the Company to find suitable replacement lessees following a default, particularly in instances where the prior lessee was not able to operate profitably. In such instances the Company would likely be required to reduce the Base Rent and consequently the Cash Available for Distribution on a per share basis would be reduced. 22
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DURATION OF LEASE; NO RIGHT TO TERMINATE PARTICIPATING LEASES ON A SALE The Participating Leases, with extensions, may have terms of up to 40 years and do not terminate when a Golf Course is sold. It may therefore be more difficult to sell a Golf Course, and the value to a prospective buyer, and therefore the price paid to the Company for a Golf Course, may be less than if the Participating Leases were to terminate upon a sale. See "The Golf Courses -- The Participating Leases." NEED FOR CERTAIN CONSENTS FROM THE LIMITED PARTNERS Under the Partnership Agreement (as herein defined) the holders of at least 66.7% of the interests in the Operating Partnership, including the Company which currently owns a 60.8% interest in the Operating Partnership (after giving effect to this Offering), must approve a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Operating Partnership or a merger or consolidation of the Operating Partnership. Larry D. Young, majority owner of The Legends Group and a director of the Company, and his affiliates own a 31.7% interest in the Operating Partnership (after giving effect to this Offering) and thus effectively hold veto power over such extraordinary transactions. See "Partnership Agreement -- Management." LACK OF CONTROL OVER DAY-TO-DAY OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT OF THE GOLF COURSES In order to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, the Company may not operate the Golf Courses or participate in the decisions affecting the operations of the Golf Courses. Each of the Lessees and the Innisbrook Resort Owner controls the operations of the respective Golf Courses. The Participating Leases have initial terms of 10 years and generally may be extended at the option of each Lessee for up to six five-year renewal terms. The Company will not have the authority to require any operator to operate the Golf Courses in a particular manner, or to govern any particular aspect of their operation (e.g., setting green fees), except as set forth in the Participating Leases or the Participating Mortgage. Thus, even if the Company believes an operator is operating a Golf Course inefficiently or in a manner that does not result in a maximization of Participating Rent or Participating Interest to the Company and, therefore, does not increase Cash Available for Distribution to the stockholders, the Company may not require an operator to change its method of operation. The Company is limited to seeking redress only if a operator violates the terms of the Participating Lease or the Participating Mortgage, as applicable, in which case the Company's primary remedy is to terminate the Participating Leases or the Participating Mortgage as applicable and seek to recover damages from such operator. If a Participating Lease is terminated, the Company will be required to find another lessee or risk losing its ability to elect or maintain REIT status, as applicable. See "The Golf Courses -- The Participating Leases." THE PARTICIPATING MORTGAGE DEFAULT ON PARTICIPATING MORTGAGE A default by the Innisbrook Resort Owner under the Participating Mortgage could materially and adversely affect the Company's results from operations. A default under the Participating Mortgage may require the Company to become involved in expensive and time-consuming proceedings, including bankruptcy, reorganization or foreclosure proceedings, in an attempt to recover some portion or all of its investment. It is anticipated that the resort property underlying the Participating Mortgage will be the primary source of any recovery for the Company. Because of the Company's status as a REIT, the Company may not operate the Innisbrook Resort in the event of foreclosure. Accordingly, in the event of a foreclosure, the Company will be materially dependent upon (i) its ability to lease the Innisbrook Resort on favorable economic terms and (ii) the value of the real property underlying the Participating Mortgage, each of which may be affected by numerous factors outside the control of the Company. See "-- Dependence on Payments Under the Participating Leases; Difficulty of Finding Replacement Lessees." 23
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LACK OF AMORTIZATION OF PARTICIPATING MORTGAGE The Participating Mortgage does not provide for the amortization of principal during its term. As a result, the entire principal balance of the Participating Mortgage will be due at its maturity. Failure to amortize the principal balance of the Participating Mortgage may increase the risk of a default during the term, and at maturity, of the Participating Mortgage. A default under the Participating Mortgage would have a material adverse effect on the operations of the Company. GOLF INDUSTRY RISKS OPERATING RISKS The Golf Courses will be subject to all operating risks common to the golf industry. These risks include, among other things (i) increases in operating costs due to inflation and other factors, which increases may not be offset by increased dues and fees; (ii) dependence on tourism, particularly for the Resort Courses, which may fluctuate and is seasonal; and (iii) adverse effects of general and local economic conditions. These factors could adversely affect the Golf Course operators' ability to generate revenues and to make payments under the Participating Leases and the Participating Mortgage and, in turn, the Company's ability to make expected distributions to the Company's stockholders. COMPETITION; SUPPLY OF GOLF COURSES The Company's Golf Courses face competition for golfers from other golf courses. A substantial number of new golf courses have opened in recent years and a number of new courses currently are under development, or planned for development including golf courses located near the Golf Courses. These new golf courses could increase the competition faced by one or more of the Golf Courses and reduce the rounds played and revenues associated with one or more of the Golf Courses. Any such decrease in revenues may adversely affect the net operating income of a Golf Course operator and, therefore, its ability to make its scheduled payments to the Company. INVESTMENT IN SINGLE INDUSTRY The Company's current strategy is to acquire only golf courses and related facilities. As a result, the Company will be subject to risks inherent in investments in a single industry. The effects on Cash Available for Distribution to stockholders resulting from a downturn in the golf industry will be more pronounced than if the Company had diversified its investments. SEASONALITY The golf industry is seasonal. Seasonal variations in revenue at the Golf Courses may require the Golf Course operators to supplement revenue at the applicable Golf Course to make scheduled payments to the Company. Failure of a Golf Course operator to manage properly its cash flow may result in such operator having insufficient cash to make its scheduled payments to the Company during low seasons and, therefore, adversely affect Cash Available for Distribution to stockholders. ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS Several climatological factors beyond the control of the Golf Course operators may influence the revenues at the Golf Courses, including adverse weather such as hurricanes, heat waves, frosts and floods. In the event of adverse weather or destruction of the turf grass at a Golf Course, the number of rounds played at such Golf Course could decrease, which could have a negative impact on any Participating Rent or Participating Interest received from the affected Golf Course and the ability of the applicable Golf Course operator to make its scheduled payments to the Company. The 10 Golf Courses in the Myrtle Beach, Tampa and Gulf Shores areas are susceptible to damage from hurricanes, which damage (including loss of revenue) is not generally insurable 24
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at commercially reasonable rates. Consequently, a hurricane may adversely affect both the value of the Company's investment in a particular Golf Course as well as the ability of the operator of such Golf Course to make its scheduled payments to the Company. Additionally, hurricanes may damage local accommodations such as hotels and condominiums, thereby limiting play, particularly at the Company's Resort Courses. FACTORS AFFECTING GOLF PARTICIPATION The success of efforts to attract and retain members at private country clubs and the number of rounds played at public golf courses historically has been dependent upon discretionary spending by consumers, which may be adversely affected by regional and economic conditions. A decrease in the number of golfers or their rates of participation or in consumer spending on golf could have an adverse effect on the Gross Golf Revenue generated per Golf Course and, therefore, the Lease Payments to be paid under the Participating Leases or the interest payable under the Participating Mortgage. For the period 1991 through 1996 golf participation decreased by 0.3%, according to NGF. COURSE CONDITIONS General turf grass conditions must be satisfactory to attract play on the Golf Courses. Severe weather or other factors, including disease and insect infestation, could adversely affect the turf grass conditions at the Golf Courses. Turf grass conditions at the Golf Courses also depend to a large extent on the quality and quantity of water available. The quality and quantity of water available is affected by various factors, many of which are beyond the control of the Company. There can be no assurance that certain conditions, including drought, governmental regulation or environmental concerns, which could adversely affect the supply of water to a particular Golf Course, may not arise in the future. DEPENDENCE UPON KEY PERSONNEL The Company's success depends to a large extent upon the experience and abilities of its founders W. Bradley Blair, II, who serves as the Company's Chief Executive Officer and President, David J. Dick, who serves as Executive Vice President, and Scott D. Peters, who serves as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. See "Management -- Directors and Executive Officers." The loss of the services of any of these individuals could have a material adverse effect on the Company, its operations and its business prospects. See "Certain Relationships and Transactions -- Employment Agreements." The Company's success is also dependent upon its ability to attract and retain qualified personnel. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST AND PARTNERSHIP QUALIFICATION The Company operates and intends to continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT under the Tax Code. Although the Company believes that it is so organized and operates in such a manner and has received a favorable opinion of its legal counsel, O'Melveny & Myers LLP, as to its REIT status (which opinion is based on certain assumptions and representations), no assurance can be given that the Company will qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Tax Code provisions for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations. The complexity of these provisions and of the applicable income tax regulations that have been promulgated under the Tax Code (the "Treasury Regulations") is greater in the case of a REIT that holds its assets in partnership form. The determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within the Company's control may affect its ability to qualify as a REIT. In addition, no assurance can be given that legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions will not significantly change the tax laws with respect to qualification as a REIT or the federal income tax consequences of such qualification. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations." If the Company were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company would not be allowed a deduction for distributions to stockholders in computing taxable income and would be subject to federal income 25
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tax on its taxable income at regular corporate rates. Unless entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions, the Company would also be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost. As a result, the Cash Available for Distribution to the Company's stockholders would be reduced for each of the years involved. Although the Company currently operates and intends to continue to operate in a manner designed to qualify as a REIT, it is possible that future economic, market, legal, tax or other considerations may cause the Company to fail to qualify as a REIT or may cause the Board of Directors to revoke the REIT election. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations." The Operating Partnership has been structured to be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. If the Service were to challenge successfully the tax status of the Operating Partnership as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, the Operating Partnership would be treated as an association taxable as a regular corporation. In such event, the character of the Company's assets and items of gross income would change and preclude the Company from satisfying the asset tests and possibly the income tests (imposed by the Tax Code as discussed below) and, in turn, would prevent the Company from qualifying as a REIT. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations -- Taxation of the Company -- Requirements for Qualification." In addition, the imposition of a corporate income tax on the Operating Partnership would reduce the amount of Cash Available for Distribution to the Company and its stockholders. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations -- Tax Aspects of the Operating Partnership." RISKS RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION FINANCING The Company has agreed to fund certain additional construction at certain of the Golf Courses and anticipates that it may make other construction loans, generally either (i) as financing that repays constructions costs, or (ii) where the loan is secured by property with a pre-construction value that is within the Company's investment guidelines. Construction loans often involve a higher degree of risk than other lending because, among other reasons, (i) repayment may be dependent upon successful completion of the project, (ii) the project, as constructed or rehabilitated, may lack any operating history upon which to base the loan's underwriting, (iii) estimating construction costs and timing is difficult, (iv) construction costs may exceed budgeted amounts and (v) timing delays may occur. CERTAIN GOLF COURSES WITH LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY The two Virginia Golf Courses recently opened and have a limited operating history. The Base Rent for these Golf Courses is based on estimates of Gross Golf Revenue and net operating income and constitutes a substantial portion of the Company's pro forma Lease revenue. These Golf Courses may not achieve such anticipated Gross Golf Revenues or net operating income and, in that case, the Lessees of such Golf Courses may be unable to make their Lease Payments to the Company. LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY The Company was recently organized and has limited operating history. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to generate sufficient revenue from operations to make anticipated distributions to stockholders. The Company also is subject to the risks generally associated with the formation of any new business. The Company's management has limited experience operating a public company or a REIT and limited experience working together. ADVERSE EFFECT OF SHARES AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE ISSUANCE AND SALE ON MARKET PRICE OF COMMON STOCK Sales of a substantial number of shares of Common Stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, may affect adversely prevailing market prices for the Common Stock. In addition to the shares of Common Stock currently outstanding and the Shares offered by the Company in this Offering, an aggregate of 4,620,313 OP Units will be outstanding (excluding OP Units held by subsidiaries of GTA) following completion of this Offering, including an aggregate of 4,135,356 OP Units issued in connection with the Formation Transactions, 26
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see "The Formation Transactions". Fifty percent of the OP Units (I.E., 2,310,157 OP units) may be tendered for redemption by the holders of such OP Units at any time after February 12, 1998, and the remaining 50% of such OP Units may be tendered for redemption at any time after February 12, 1999, for cash or, at the Company's option, for shares of Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. See "Shares Available for Future Sale." At the conclusion of the periods described above, the shares of Common Stock issuable upon redemption of such OP Units may be sold in the public market pursuant to a shelf registration statement that the Company is obligated to file with respect to the issuance or resale of such shares, or pursuant to any available exemptions from registration. The Company also has granted the OP Unit holders certain "piggyback" registration rights commencing on February 12, 1998, subject to the requirement that each such holder agree not to sell any of its redeemed shares not included in such piggyback offering during the week prior to, and the month following, such piggyback offering. See "Shares Available for Future Sale -- Registration Rights." The Company's acquisition strategy depends in large part on access to additional capital through sales and issuances of equity securities, including OP Units. The market price of the Common Stock may be adversely affected by the availability for future sale and issuance of shares of Common Stock that may be issued upon redemption of the OP Units as well as any additional OP Units issued in future acquisitions or in connection with a Lessee's exercise of the Lessee Performance Option. See "The Company -- Acquisitions and Expansions." No predictions can be made as to the effect, if any, that future sales of shares, or the perception that such sales could occur, will have on the price of the Common Stock. RISKS RELATED TO THE COMPANY'S GROWTH STRATEGY COMPETITION FOR ACQUISITIONS The Company competes for golf course acquisition opportunities with entities organized for purposes substantially similar to the Company's objectives as well as other purchasers of golf courses. From time to time the Company may compete for such golf course acquisition opportunities with entities having substantially greater financial resources and a broader geographic knowledge base than the Company. These entities may also be able to accept more risk than the Company prudently can manage. Thus, competition may reduce the number of suitable golf course acquisition opportunities available to the Company. See "The Golf Courses -- Competition." POSSIBLE UNAVAILABILITY OF CAPITAL The success of the Company's growth strategy depends, in large part, upon its continuing access to capital necessary to acquire additional golf courses. There can be no assurance that the Company's use of excess cash flow, borrowings or subsequent issuances of Common Stock, OP Units or other securities will be sufficient to raise such necessary capital. INABILITY TO MANAGE GROWTH EFFECTIVELY The Company's success will depend upon the ability of each operator effectively to manage all of its Golf Courses, as well as the ability of the Company to continue to select an appropriate lessee for each additional Golf Course it acquires. There can be no assurance that the current operators or future lessees will operate efficiently and, if not, Cash Available for Distribution to stockholders could be affected adversely. CONCENTRATION OF INVESTMENTS Five of the Golf Courses are located in the Myrtle Beach, South Carolina area and five of the Golf Courses are located in the Tampa, Florida area. The concentration of the Company's investments in these areas leaves the Company vulnerable to regionally adverse events or conditions such as competition, hurricanes and other weather conditions, overbuilding and economic recession. If the Myrtle Beach or Tampa regions are subject to such events or conditions, the Company's Cash Available for Distribution will be more adversely affected that it would have been if the Company's investments were more geographically diverse. 27
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RISKS OF LEVERAGE; NO LIMITATIONS ON INDEBTEDNESS The Company's Charter does not limit its ability to incur indebtedness. The Company may borrow under the Line of Credit or from other lenders in the future, or may issue corporate debt securities in public or private offerings. Certain of such additional borrowings may be secured by the Golf Courses owned by the Company. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Liquidity and Capital Resources" and "Policies and Objectives with Respect to Certain Activities -- Financing." The Company has agreed to maintain up to $4.3 million of indebtedness for a period of up to 10 years following the IPO to accommodate a Prior Owner's efforts to minimize certain adverse tax consequences from the contribution of one of the Initial Courses to the Company. In the event that the Company fails to maintain such indebtedness, the Company will be liable for any resulting income tax liabilities to the Prior Owner. There can be no assurance that the Company, upon the incurrence of debt, will be able to meet its debt service obligations and, to the extent that it cannot, the Company risks the loss of some or all of its assets, including any Golf Courses securing such debt, to foreclosure, which could result in a financial loss to the Company. Adverse economic conditions could result in higher interest rates on variable rate debt, including borrowings under the Line of Credit, which could decrease Cash Available for Distribution and increase the risk of loss upon a sale or from a foreclosure. LIMITS ON CHANGES IN CONTROL The restrictions on the ownership of outstanding shares of Common Stock intended to ensure compliance with certain requirements related to continued qualification of the Company as a REIT and restrictions on changes in control contained in the Company's Charter and Bylaws, including a staggered Board of Directors and the ability of the Board of Directors to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval, may have the effect of inhibiting a change in control of the Company, even where such a change of control could be beneficial to the Company's stockholders. See also "-- Anti-takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and the Company's Charter and Bylaws." ADVERSE EFFECT OF INCREASE IN MARKET INTEREST RATES One of the factors that may influence the price of the Common Stock in public trading markets will be the annual yield from distributions by the Company on the Common Stock as compared to yields on other financial instruments. Thus, an increase in market interest rates will result in higher yields on other financial instruments, which could adversely affect the market price of the Common Stock. The Company finances a portion of its operations through its Line of Credit, which bears interest at a floating rate. The Participating Mortgage bears interest at a fixed rate and the Participating Leases have fixed rent payments (subject to certain adjustments). Accordingly, increases in interest payable by the Company may not be reflected in interest received under the Participating Mortgage or rent received under the Participating Leases, exposing the Company to the risk of rises in market interest rates. A significant rise in interest rates could affect adversely the ability of the Company to make distributions to stockholders. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT RISKS GENERAL The Company's current holdings are subject, and any acquisitions of additional golf courses will be subject, to risks typically associated with investments in real estate. Such risks include the possibility that the Golf Courses and any additional golf courses will generate rent and capital appreciation, if any, at rates lower than those anticipated or will yield returns lower than those available through other investments. Income from the Golf Courses may be affected by many factors, including changes in government regulation, general or local economic conditions, the available local supply of golf courses, a decrease in the number of golfers, adverse weather conditions or other factors. 28
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ILLIQUIDITY OF REAL ESTATE Real estate investments are relatively illiquid. The ability of the Company to vary its portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions is limited. The ground lessor of the Oyster Bay Golf Course has a right of first refusal to acquire such Golf Course upon any proposed sale of such Golf Course by the Company. In addition, each Lessee generally has a right of first offer to acquire the Golf Course(s) leased by it in the event of a proposed sale by the Company. The right of first offer is void in the event of a default by the Lessee under the Participating Lease. The three courses located at the Legends Resort -- Heathland, Moorland and Parkland -- are subject to conservatory easements that prohibit developments other than golf courses on the property, limit the ability to materially modify the existing layouts at such Golf Courses and require that such Golf Courses be open for public play. In the event that a sale of a Golf Course will result in a taxable gain to the Prior Owner thereof, the Company has agreed to use reasonable efforts to structure such a sale as a tax-deferred exchange. All of these factors may make it more difficult to transfer a Golf Course even where such transfer may be in the best interests of the Company. ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS Operations at the Golf Courses involve the use and storage of various hazardous materials such as herbicides, pesticides, fertilizers, motor oil and gasoline. Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, an owner or operator of real property may become liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous substances released on or in its property. Such laws often impose such liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release of such hazardous substances. The presence of such substances, or the failure to remediate such substances properly, may adversely affect the owner's ability to sell such real estate or to borrow using such real estate as collateral. Although all of the Golf Courses have been subjected to a Phase I environmental audit (which does not involve invasive procedures, such as soil sampling or ground water analysis) by an independent environmental consultant, no assurance can be given that these reports audits all potential environmental liabilities, that no prior or adjacent owner created any material environmental condition not known to the Company or the independent consultant or that future uses or conditions (including, without limitation, changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations) will not result in imposition of environmental liability to the Company. While the Participating Leases and Participating Mortgage provide that the operators will indemnify the Company for certain potential environmental liabilities at the Golf Courses, the current operators have only nominal capitalization. See "The Golf Courses -- Government Regulation." UNINSURED LOSSES The Participating Leases and the Participating Mortgage require that each operator maintains insurance with respect to each of the Golf Courses it operates, including comprehensive liability, fire, flood (but only to the extent comparable golf courses in the area carry such insurance and such insurance is available at commercially reasonable rates) and extended coverage insurance. There are, however, certain types of losses (such as from hurricanes, floods or earthquakes) that may be either uninsurable or not economically insurable. Should an uninsured loss occur, the Company could lose both its invested capital in and anticipated profits from the applicable Golf Course. See "The Golf Courses -- The Participating Leases." The Participating Mortgage provides for similar insurance requirements. GROUND LEASE One of the Golf Courses, Oyster Bay, is operated pursuant to a ground lease with a remaining term of approximately 35 years. In the event of a default by the Company under the ground lease, the ground lessor may terminate the ground lease subject to certain terms and conditions. If the ground lease is terminated or is not renewed, the Company would lose its investment in the Oyster Bay Golf Course. 29
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CONFLICTS OF INTEREST SALE OF GOLF COURSES One of the directors of the Company and his affiliates have an unrealized gain in their interests in certain of the Golf Courses transferred to the Company. The sale of such courses by the Company may cause adverse tax consequences to such director and his affiliates. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations -- Tax Aspects of the Operating Partnership -- Tax Allocations with Respect to the Golf Courses." Therefore, the interests of the Company and such director and his affiliates could differ in connection with the disposition of such Golf Courses. RISK OF ENFORCEMENT OF TERMS OF CONTRIBUTION, LEASE AND OTHER AGREEMENTS Because Mr. Young, a director of the Company, is the principal owner of The Legends Group, which contributed seven of the Golf Courses to the Company and the Legends Lessees, which lease those Golf Courses from the Company, there may be a conflict of interest with respect to the enforcement of the Contribution Agreement executed by The Legends Group, as well as with respect to enforcement and termination of the Participating Leases respecting the Golf Courses leased to the Legends Lessees. OTHER POSSIBLE CONFLICTS Other transactions involving the Company and affiliates of the Lessees may also give rise to possible conflicts of interest, such as future acquisitions of golf courses and selection of operators for such golf courses. COMPETITION FOR MANAGEMENT TIME OF THE OPERATORS Management of the Golf Course operators devote significant time to other business interests, including in many instances resort and residential development on property adjacent to the Golf Courses and the operation of golf courses not being contributed to the Company. As a result, management of the Golf Course operators are subject to competing demands on their time, and may not devote sufficient time to the operations of the Golf Courses, which may result in less revenue being generated from the Golf Courses than if they were devoted full time to the Golf Courses. CHANGES IN INVESTMENT AND FINANCING POLICIES The Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board of Directors") determines the Company's investment and financing policies and policies with respect to certain other activities, including its growth, outstanding indebtedness, capitalization, distributions and operating policies. Although the Board of Directors has no present intention to amend or revise these policies, the Board of Directors may do so at any time without a vote of the Company's stockholders. See "Policies and Objectives With Respect to Certain Activities -- Investment Objectives and Policies." DEPENDENCE ON ACQUISITIONS TO INCREASE CASH AVAILABLE FOR DISTRIBUTION The Company's success in implementing its growth plan depends significantly on the Company's ability to acquire additional golf courses at attractive prices. Internal growth through increases in revenues from the Golf Courses is not expected to provide as much growth in Cash Available for Distribution to stockholders as will the acquisition of additional golf courses. See "-- Risks of Leverage; No Limitation on Indebtedness" and "-- Risks Related to the Company's Growth Strategy." If the Company is unable to acquire additional golf courses at attractive prices, the Company's ability to grow and maintain or increase Cash Available for Distribution per share may be adversely affected. 30
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DISTRIBUTION TO STOCKHOLDERS The Company's continued ability to make distributions to its stockholders will be based principally on Lease Payments under the Participating Leases and interest payments under the Participating Mortgage. In the event of a default by a Lessee under a Participating Lease or by the borrower under the Participating Mortgage, there could be a decrease or cessation of payments under the Participating Leases or the Participating Mortgage. In addition, the amount available to the Company to make distributions to its stockholders may decrease on a per share basis if golf courses acquired in the future yield lower than expected revenues. In addition, if the Company incurs additional indebtedness in the future, it will require additional funds to service such indebtedness and Cash Available for Distribution may decrease. Distributions by the Company will also be dependent on a number of other factors, including the amount of Cash Available for Distribution, the Company's financial condition, any decision to reinvest funds rather than to distribute such funds, capital expenditures, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Tax Code (see "Federal Income Tax Considerations -- Taxation of the Company -- Requirements for Qualifications -- Annual Distribution Requirements") and such other factors as the Company deems relevant. In order to qualify as a REIT, the Company generally is required to distribute to its stockholders at least 95% of its net taxable income each year. In addition, the Company will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which certain distributions paid by it with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of its ordinary income, 95% of its capital gain net income and undistributed income from prior years. The Company intends to make distributions to its stockholders to comply with the 95% distribution requirements of the Tax Code and to avoid the nondeductible excise tax. The Company's income and cash flow will consist primarily of rent payments under the Participating Leases and interest payments under the Participating Mortgage. Differences in timing between the receipt of income and the payment of expenses in arriving at taxable income and the effect of required debt amortization payments could require the Company to borrow funds on a short-term basis to meet the distribution requirements that are necessary to achieve the tax benefits associated with qualifying as a REIT. For Federal income tax purposes, the Company is required to report interest income from the Participating Mortgage, including Participating Interest, or a yield-to-maturity Loan on a straight-line basis over the life of the Participating Mortgage. Based on the Company's estimate of future revenue, the Company expects to recognize for tax purposes interest income equal to approximately 11.5% per year with respect to the Participating Mortgage, which interest income will initially exceed cash payments to the Company under the Participating Mortgage. In addition, upon a "Transfer Triggering Event" (as herein defined), the borrower under the Participating Mortgage is required to pay to the Company an amount equal to $19 million, discounted from the maturity date of the Participating Mortgage to the date of the Transfer Triggering Event at 11.5% per annum, and income will be recognized by the Company in such amount. This amount is then required to be lent to the borrower by the Company and the amount so lent accrues interest at 11.5% per annum. As a result of these provisions, the Company will be deemed at various times to have received income without having any corresponding cash payment. Consequently, to maintain the Company's REIT status or, after 1997, to avoid a corporate level tax, the Company may be required to borrow money to make cash distributions, which may have a material adverse effect on the operations of the Company. ERISA RISKS Depending upon the particular circumstances of the plan, an investment in Common Stock may not be an appropriate investment for an ERISA plan, a qualified plan or an IRA. In deciding whether to purchase Common Stock, a fiduciary of an ERISA plan, in consultation with its advisors, should carefully consider its fiduciary responsibilities under ERISA, the prohibited transaction rules of ERISA and the Tax Code, and the effect of the "plan asset" regulations issued by the U.S. Department of Labor. 31
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OWNERSHIP LIMIT In order for the Company to qualify and to maintain its qualification as a REIT, not more than 50% in value of its outstanding stock may be owned, directly or constructively, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Tax Code) during the latter half of any taxable year (other than 1997). In addition, rent from related party tenants is not qualifying income for purposes of the gross income tests under the Tax Code. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations -- Taxation of the Company." Two sets of constructive ownership rules (one to determine whether a REIT is closely held and one to determine whether rent is from a related party tenant) apply in determining whether these requirements are met. For the purpose of preserving the Company's REIT qualification, the Charter prohibits direct or constructive ownership of more than 9.8% of the lesser of the total number or value of the outstanding shares of the Common Stock or more than 9.8% of the outstanding preferred stock (if any) of the Company (the "Ownership Limit"). The constructive ownership rules are complex and may cause Common Stock owned, directly or constructively, by a group of related individuals and/or entities to be deemed to be constructively owned by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of less than 9.8% of the Common Stock (or the acquisition of an interest in an entity which owns Common Stock) by an individual or entity could cause that individual or entity (or another individual or entity) to own constructively in excess of 9.8% of the Common Stock, and thus be subject to the Ownership Limit. See "Capital Stock -- Restrictions on Ownership." Direct or constructive ownership of shares of Common Stock in excess of the Ownership Limit would cause the violative transfer or ownership to be void, or cause such shares to be designated as "Shares-in- Trust," as herein defined. See "Capital Stock -- Restrictions on Ownership." ANTI-TAKEOVER EFFECT OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND THE COMPANY'S CHARTER AND BYLAWS Certain provisions of the Company's articles of incorporation (the "Charter") and bylaws (the "Bylaws"), as well as Maryland corporate law, may be deemed to have anti-takeover effects and may delay, defer or prevent a takeover attempt that might be in the stockholders' best interest. For example, such provisions may (i) defer tender offers for Common Stock, which offers may be beneficial to stockholders, or (ii) defer purchases of large blocks of Common Stock, thereby limiting the opportunity for stockholders to receive a premium for their Common Stock over then-prevailing market prices. These provisions include the following: PREFERRED STOCK The Charter authorizes the Board of Directors to issue Preferred Stock (as defined herein) in one or more classes and to establish the preferences and rights (including the right to vote and the right to convert into Common Stock) of any class of Preferred Stock issued. No Preferred Stock will be issued or outstanding as of the closing of the Offering. See "Description of Capital Stock -- Preferred Stock." STAGGERED BOARD The Board of Directors of the Company is divided into three classes of directors. The initial terms of the first, second and third classes expire in 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. Directors of each class serve for a three-year term and until their successors are elected and qualified. The affirmative vote of Stockholders holding less than two-thirds of all votes entitled to be cast for the election of directors is required to remove a director. See "Policies and Objectives With Respect to Certain Activities -- Charter and Bylaw Provisions." MARYLAND BUSINESS COMBINATION STATUTE Under the Maryland General Corporation Law ("MCGL"), certain "business combinations" (including the issuance of equity securities) between a Maryland corporation and any person who owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation's shares of capital stock (an "Interested Stockholder") must be approved by 80% of voting shares. In addition, an Interested Stockholder may not engage in a business combination with the Maryland corporation for five years following the date he or she became an Interested 32
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Stockholder. See "Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of the Company's Charter and Bylaws -- Maryland Business Combination Law." MARYLAND CONTROL SHARE ACQUISITION Maryland law provides that "Control Shares" of a corporation acquired in a "Control Share Acquisition" have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes eligible under the statute to be cast on the matter (unless the corporation has opted out of the Control Share Acquisition statute). "Control Shares" are voting shares of beneficial interest that, if aggregated with all other such shares of beneficial interest previously acquired by the acquiror, would entitle the acquiror directly or indirectly to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power: (i) one-fifth or more but less than one-third, (ii) one-third or more but less than a majority or (iii) a majority of all voting powers. Control Shares do not include shares of beneficial interest the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of previously having obtained stockholder approval. A "Control Share Acquisition" means the acquisition of Control Shares, subject to certain exceptions. If voting rights are not approved at a meeting of stockholders then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the issuer may redeem any or all of the Control Shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value. If voting rights for Control Shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares of beneficial interest entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. See "Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of the Company's Charter and Bylaws." The Bylaws of the Company contain a provision exempting from the Control Share Acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of the Company's Common Stock. There can be no assurance that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future. 33
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THE COMPANY Golf Trust of America, Inc. is a self-administered REIT formed to capitalize upon consolidation opportunities in the ownership of upscale golf courses throughout the United States. The Company currently holds a participating interest in 19 golf courses, 15 of which are owned and four of which serve as collateral for the Participating Mortgage. The Golf Courses are located in Florida (5), South Carolina (4), Georgia (2), Virginia (2), Alabama, Kansas, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio and Texas. The Company's goal is to increase Cash Available for Distribution per share and to enhance stockholder value by becoming a leading owner of, and participating in increased revenue from, nationally or regionally recognized upscale golf courses. The Company's principal business strategy is to acquire upscale golf courses and thereafter lease the golf courses to qualified third party operators, including affiliates of the sellers. The Company may acquire golf courses through the issuance of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership which are redeemable for cash or, at the Company's option, shares of Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. When the Company acquires a golf course in exchange for OP Units, the golf course seller generally defers tax recognition until the seller elects to cause the OP Units to be redeemed. The Company believes it has a distinct competitive advantage in the acquisition of upscale golf courses, including those which might not otherwise be available for purchase, because of (i) its utilization of the multiple independent lessee structure, (ii) management's substantial industry knowledge, experience and relationships within the golf community, (iii) the Company's strategic alliances with prominent golf course operators and (iv) its ability to issue OP Units to golf course owners on a tax-deferred basis. The Company is one of only two publicly-traded REITs in the United States focused on owning and acquiring golf courses. In February 1997, the Company raised net proceeds of approximately $73.0 million in its initial public offering and acquired the ten Initial Courses from their Prior Owners. Each of the Initial Courses was leased-back to an affiliate of its Prior Owner as described below. The Company believes the continuity of management provided by these experienced operators facilitates the Company's growth and profitability. Since the IPO, the Company has acquired an interest in an additional nine Golf Courses. See "Developments Since the Initial Public Offering." The Golf Courses which the Company owns are leased to multiple independent third party lessees pursuant to Participating Leases which provide for the payment of fixed Base Rent and Participating Rent based on growth in revenue at the Golf Courses. The interest payment under the Participating Mortgage is structured similarly to the Participating Leases to provide the Company with base interest payments and additional interest payments based on growth in revenue at the Innisbrook Resort. See "The Participating Mortgage." Neither the Company nor its executive officers owns any interest in, or participates in the management of, the Lessees or the Innisbrook Resort Owner. The Company believes the Initial Courses and its investments since the IPO are consistent with its goal of becoming a leading owner of, and participating in increased revenue from, nationally or regionally recognized upscale golf courses. Five of the Golf Courses were ranked among the Top Ten New Courses by either GOLF DIGEST or GOLF MAGAZINE in the year the Golf Course opened, including Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent, each of which was named the "Best New Upscale Course" by GOLF DIGEST in 1996 and 1997, respectively, and Oyser Bay, which was named Best New Resort Course in the United States in 1983 by GOLF DIGEST. The Copperhead Course at the Innisbrook Resort was ranked 43rd in the 1996 survey by GOLF MAGAZINE of the "Top 100 Courses You Can Play" and the Island Course at the Innisbrook Resort was ranked as one of the "Top 75 Resort Courses" by GOLF DIGEST in 1992. Heritage Golf Club was ranked in the Top 50 Public Golf Courses by GOLF DIGEST. See "The Golf Courses." The Company believes that the quality of the Golf Courses is further reflected in the average green fees at the Golf Courses, which significantly exceed national industry averages. The Company's executive offices are located at 14 North Adger's Wharf, Charleston, South Carolina 29401 and its telephone number is (803) 723-GOLF (4653). 34
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THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP The Operating Partnership holds the Participating Mortgage and owns the Golf Courses which are subject to the Participating Leases. GTA, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, GTA GP and GTA LP, currently holds a 47.4% interest in the Operating Partnership (60.8% after giving effect to this Offering). GTA GP is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and GTA LP is a limited partner of the Operating Partnership. The other limited partners include those Prior Owners who received OP Units in exchange for the contribution of their Golf Courses. Pursuant to the First Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership, which was entered into concurrently with the closing of the IPO, the limited partners do not have day-to-day control over the Operating Partnership. However, the limited partners are entitled to vote on certain matters, including the sale of all or substantially all the Company's assets or the merger or consolidation of the Operating Partnership, which decisions require the approval of the holders of at least 66.7% of the interests in the Operating Partnership. Each of the limited partners (other than GTA LP) may exercise Redemption Rights for up to 50% of its OP Units beginning one year after completion of the IPO (February 12, 1998) and the remaining 50% beginning two years after completion of the IPO for cash or, at the election of the Company, for shares of Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. See "Partnership Agreement -- Redemption Rights." The relationship after this Offering among GTA, its subsidiaries, the Operating Partnership, the Limited Partners (including many Prior Owners and the Innisbrook Resort Owner) and the Lessees is described in the following chart: [ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF THE COMPANY AND ITS AFFILIATES] 35
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BUSINESS STRATEGIES AND OBJECTIVES The Company's primary objectives are to increase its Cash Available for Distribution per share to stockholders and to enhance stockholder value. The Company's main strategy for such growth is to (i) acquire additional golf courses that meet the Company's investment criteria and (ii) participate in increased revenues at its Golf Courses. The Company currently holds a participating interest in 19 Golf Courses. When the Company acquires a golf course, the course is either leased back to its prior owner or leased to another qualified operator. Under the Company's standard Participating Lease, the Company receives fixed Base Rent and Participating Rent based on increases in Gross Golf Revenues, if any, at such Golf Course. Currently all Golf Courses owned by the Company are leased to their Prior Owners (or such owners' affiliates) with the exception of Tiburon and Lost Oaks. The Company believes the continuity of management provided by these experienced operators will facilitate the Company's growth and profitability. Each Lessee joins the Company's Lessee Advisory Association, which provides marketing information and opportunities and potential economic benefits to the Lessees, such as bulk purchasing power for certain golf course supplies and equipment. In certain instances, state and federal tax laws make sale-leaseback transactions prohibitively expensive, in which case the Company may provide financing to a particular golf course, provided it receives a participating interest in revenues at the golf course on a basis comparable to the Company's standard Participating Lease. Typically, the Company's loan will be secured by a first-lien on the underlying golf course asset and will include an option to purchase the course at the end of the loan's term. In considering any financing transactions, including the Participating Mortgage, the Company seeks to obtain economic terms similar to the standard Participating Lease. In addition to acquiring new golf courses and new participating interests, the Company seeks to increase revenue from its current assets through internal growth. Both strategies are discussed below. ACQUISITIONS AND EXPANSIONS ACQUISITIONS. The Company believes market conditions today are favorable for the acquisition of golf courses at attractive returns. The Company intends to continue to acquire additional golf courses, including multi-course portfolios, that meet one or more of its investment criteria as generally described below. The Company believes the factors described below provide it with a distinct competitive advantage in the acquisition of upscale golf courses, including courses that might not otherwise be available for purchase. To fund acquisitions, the Company has access to a variety of debt and equity financing sources, including the Line of Credit and the ability to issue OP Units. The issuance of OP Units can provide a means of structuring tax-deferred transactions for sellers of golf courses. Holders of OP Units generally have the right to cause the Company to redeem their OP Units after certain holding periods for cash, or at the Company's option, for Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. To the extent the Company acquires a golf course in exchange for OP Units, the golf course seller generally will not recognize taxable income until it exercises the Redemption Right. The Company believes it can attract sellers by offering competitive pricing and valuation and by offering them the following benefits: (i) the ability to retain control over the operations of the golf course by leasing the golf course back from the Company; (ii) the tax deferral and increased liquidity associated with owning OP Units; (iii) the ability to obtain additional OP Units through the Lessee Performance Option; (iv) marketing and purchasing economies of scale gained from participation in the Lessee Advisory Association; and (v) the ability to diversify the seller's investment by participating as an equity owner in the Company's portfolio of golf courses. 36
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The Company intends to concentrate its investment activities on golf courses available at attractive prices that meet one or more of the following criteria: - upscale Daily Fee courses that target avid golfers, who the Company believes are generally willing to pay the higher green fees associated with upscale golf courses; - private or semi-private golf courses with proven operating histories that have the potential for significant cash flow growth; - courses that offer superior facilities and service and attract a relatively high number of affluent destination golfers; - courses owned by multi-course owners and operators who have a strong regional presence and afford the Company the opportunity to expand in a particular region; - newly developed, well-designed courses with high growth potential; and - upscale, well-maintained golf courses with proven operating histories located in areas where significant barriers to entry exist. The Company will undertake an analysis with respect to golf courses to be considered for acquisition, including an evaluation of the following: - product and service differentiation; - competitive position in market; - barriers to entry in development of new golf courses such as scarcity of land and long lead-times for course developement; - conditioning of the golf course and agronomy review; - quantity, quality and cost of irrigation; and - strength of the lodging industry, including hotels and condominiums, in destination golf areas. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to find additional golf courses that meet its investment criteria and there can be no assurance that the Company will have access to sufficient debt and equity financing to allow it successfully to acquire such courses. Moreover, acquisitions entail risks that acquired courses will fail to perform in accordance with expectations. AFFILIATION WITH STARWOOD. Starwood, through an affiliate, operates the Golf Courses at the Innisbrook Resort and leases Lost Oaks. In addition, the golf and conference facilities of the Innisbrook Resort are owned by an affiliate of Starwood and the hotel and conference facilities are managed by Westin, an affiliate of Starwood. The Company believes Starwood, through its affiliate is one of the United States' leading golf course management, development and consulting companies. Troon Golf has the exclusive right to operate golf courses at hotels owned by Westin. The Company believes that its existing relationship with Starwood, Westin and Troon Golf, will provide the Company with additional acquisition opportunities throughout the United States. AFFILIATION WITH GRANITE GOLF. The Lessee of Tiburon is an affiliate of Granite Golf and an affiliate of Granite Golf manages Club of the Country. Granite Golf and its affiliates currently manage over 30 golf courses throughout the United States. Granite Golf identified the acquisition opportunity at Tiburon. The Company believes its affiliation with Granite Golf will provide the Company with additional acquisition opportunities. EXPANSIONS. The Prior Owner of Northgate Country Club is adding nine holes to that Golf Course, the Prior Owner of Woodlands is constructing a new clubhouse at Woodlands and the owner of Lost Oaks plans to renovate and remodel the clubhouse and course there (collectively, the "Expansion Facilities"). Subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, the Company has agreed that it will purchase the Expansion Facilities when fully completed and operational. The Company has agreed to fund the expansion at Northgate Country Club and 37
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may fund the construction of the other Expansion Facilities. The Company will acquire each Expansion Facility for a price equal to the cost of construction, which cost must be approved in advance by the Company and which may include an allowance for land. Upon such purchase or funding, the Base Rent payable at each such course will be increased. No development fee will be paid to a Prior Owner or any affiliate thereof in connection with the construction of the Expansion Facilities. The Company has entered into a loan agreement to provide construction financing of approximately $3.0 million for the additional 9-hole facility at Northgate Country Club, which construction is expected to commence in late 1997. The interest rate for such loan is 10.47% and interest is payable monthly in arrears. Upon the Company's acquisition of the respective Expansion Facilities, the Participating Leases for Northgate Country Club, Woodlands and Lost Oaks will be amended to include the applicable Expansion Facility, to increase the Base Rent in an amount designed to be accretive to the Company's Funds From Operations (as herein defined) per share, and, with the exception of Lost Oaks (which Participating Lease is cross-defaulted with the Participating Mortgage on the Innisbrook Resort), the Prior Owner will be required to pledge additional OP Units (or cash or other security acceptable to the Company) equal to 15% of the purchase price paid by the Company for the applicable Expansion Facility. See "The Company -- Business Strategies and Objectives -- Acquisitions and Expansions." The Prior Owner of Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent currently is constructing clubhouses of 6,600 square feet and 7,700 square feet, respectively, at such courses. The clubhouses are expected to be completed by June 30, 1998 and will be constructed at the Lessee's expense. Base Rent will not be adjusted but the Company will participate in any increases in Gross Golf Revenue. See "The Golf Courses -- The Participating Leases." The Innisbrook Resort Owner currently is adding an additional nine holes at the Innisbrook Resort and is making significant capital improvements to the resort and conference facilities. The Company, under the Participating Mortgage, has agreed to fund up to $9.0 million for these improvements. INTERNAL GROWTH Based on the experience of its management, the Company believes the Golf Courses offer opportunities for revenue growth through effective marketing and efficient operations. See "The Golf Courses -- The Participating Leases -- Advisory Association." The Participating Leases and the Participating Mortgage have been structured to provide the operators with incentives to manage and maintain the Golf Courses in a manner designed to increase revenue and, as a result, increase payments to the Company under the Participating Leases and the Participating Mortgage. The Company believes that management of the Lessees, as well as Troon Golf, have demonstrated expertise in the operation of the Golf Courses and that the Golf Courses are positioned to benefit from favorable trends in the golf industry. See "Lessees and Operators" and "The Golf Industry." PARTICIPATING LEASES. The Participating Leases generally provide that for any calendar year, the Company will receive with respect to each leased Golf Course, the greater of (a) Base Rent (as adjusted by the Base Rent Escalator described below) or (b) an amount equal to the original (unescalated) Base Rent plus the Participating Rent payable at the Golf Course. Participating Rent is equal to 33 1/3% of the difference between that calendar year's Gross Golf Revenue and Gross Golf Revenue at the Golf Course in the calendar year prior to the course's acquisition, as adjusted in determining the original Base Rent. Base Rent under each Participating Lease generally increases annually by the lesser of (i) 3% or (ii) 200% of the change in the Consumer Price Index ("CPI") for the prior year (the "Base Rent Escalator") during each of the first five years of the Participating Lease and, if the Lessee Performance Option is exercised, for an additional five years thereafter. Annual increases in Lease Payments are limited to 5% during the first five years of the lease terms. "Gross Golf Revenue" is generally defined as all revenues from a Golf Course including green fees, golf cart rentals, range fees, membership dues, member initiation fees and transfer fees, excluding, however, food and beverage and merchandise revenue. See "The Golf Courses" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." 38
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PARTICIPATING MORTGAGE. The $78.975 million Participating Mortgage is structured similarly to the Participating Leases. The Company anticipates that it will receive a return similar to the return it anticipates on the Participating Leases. Under the Participating Mortgage, the Company has made an initial advance of $69.975 million, which will be followed by additional advances of up to $9.0 million to be used for a nine-hole expansion and other improvements to the Innisbrook Resort facilities currently underway. The loan term is 30 years, with an initial Base Interest rate of 9.63% per annum and an interest rate of 9.75% per annum on the amount of the loan in excess of $69.975 million. The loan provides for minimum increases in the aggregate annual payment of Base Interest of 5% per year for the first five years and a participating interest feature throughout the term based upon the growth in Gross Golf Revenues, as well as in other revenues, at the Innisbrook Resort over a 1996 base year. The annual increases in the Mortgage Payment are limited to 7% during the first five years. Westin has agreed to pay up to $2.5 million per year to the Innisbrook Resort Owner to supplement results of operations with respect to the operations at the Innisbrook Resort for up to five years. LESSEE PERFORMANCE OPTION. The Participating Leases utilize an incentive-based performance structure. This Performance Option structure, is designed to encourage the operators to seek aggressive growth in revenue at the Golf Courses. The structure also is designed to attract potential sellers of golf courses that the Company believes have high growth potential and that might not otherwise be available for purchase. Under the Performance Option for the Participating Leases, during years three through five of each Participating Lease, the operator or its affiliate, subject to certain qualifications and restrictions, may elect one time to increase the Base Rent in order to receive additional OP Units or Common Stock. The Prior Owner of the Northgate Country Club will have an additional two-year period to exercise the Performance Option if it elects to construct the planned nine-hole expansion. The Performance Option for the Participating Leases may only be exercised if the current-year net operating income of the operator of the applicable Golf Course, inclusive of a capital replacement reserve, exceeds 113.5% of such Lessee's Lease Payment after taking into account the increased amount of Base Rent. If the Performance Option is exercised, the Base Rent is increased by an amount calculated to be accretive to the Company's Funds From Operations on a per share basis. Following exercise of the Lessee Performance Option, the adjusted Base Rent will be increased by the Base Rent Escalator each year for a period of five years. An operator's ability to exercise the Performance Option and the number of OP Units or Common Stock issuable to such Prior Owner in connection therewith, will depend on future operating results at the applicable Golf Course and therefore cannot be determined in advance. PERFORMANCE OPTION FOR THE PARTICIPATING MORTGAGE. The structure of the Performance Option for the Participating Mortgage is similar to the Performance Option for the Participating Leases. Under the Performance Option for the Participating Mortgage, during years three and five of the Participating Mortgage the Innisbrook Resort Owner, subject to certain qualifications and restrictions, may elect one time to require the Company to make an additional advance under the Participating Mortgage and the Innisbrook Resort Owner will be required to purchase additional OP Units with that advance. The Performance Option for the Participating Mortgage may be exercised only if the current-year net operating income of the Innisbrook Resort, inclusive of a capital replacement reserve, exceeds 113.5% of such operator's Participating Mortgage obligation after taking into account the increased amount of Base Interest. If the Performance Advance is made, interest on the Performance Advance will be calculated to be accretive to the Company's Funds From Operations on a per share basis. Following exercise of the Performance Option for the Participating Mortgage, the adjusted Base Interest will be increased by 3% per year for five years. The Innisbrook Resort Owner's ability to exercise the Performance Option will depend on future operating results and therefore cannot be determined in advance. 39
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USE OF PROCEEDS The net proceeds to the Company from this Offering, after payment of estimated expenses of approximately $1,000,000 incurred in connection with this Offering, are estimated to be approximately $71,825,000. GTA, through its corporate subsidiaries, intends to contribute the net proceeds of this Offering to the Operating Partnership in exchange for additional interests in the Operating Partnership, increasing GTA's ownership in the Operating Partnership from 47.4%, currently, to 60.8%. The Operating Partnership will use the net proceeds of this Offering to repay approximately $59.1 million outstanding under the Line of Credit and for general corporate purposes, including the acquisition of additional golf courses. PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK AND DISTRIBUTION HISTORY The Company's Common Stock began trading on the American Stock Exchange ("AMEX") on February 7, 1997, under the symbol "GTA." On November 4, 1997, the last reported sale price per share of Common Stock on the AMEX was $26.00 and there were approximately 50 holders of record of the Common Stock. The following table sets forth the quarterly high and low closing sale prices per share of Common Stock reported on the AMEX and the distributions paid by the Company with respect to each such period. · Enlarge/Download Table CASH DISTRIBUTIONS DECLARED QUARTER ENDED HIGH LOW PER SHARE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- --- ------------------ March 31, 1997 (from February 7, 1997).......................................... $261/8 $223/4 $0.21(1) June 30, 1997................................................................... $283/4 $235/8 $0.41 September 30, 1997.............................................................. $285/8 $263/16 $0.41(2) ------------ (1) The distribution was for a partial period from the closing of the IPO and was equivalent to a quarterly distribution of $0.41 per share of Common Stock. (2) The third quarter dividend was declared on October 15, 1997 and is payable on November 10, 1997 to stockholders of record on October 27, 1997. Purchasers of Common Stock in this Offering will not receive the third quarter distribution in respect of the shares of Common Stock offered hereby. The Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly distribution of $0.41 per share for the quarter ended September 30, 1997. Future distributions by the Company will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on the Company's financial condition, its capital requirements, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Tax Code and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant. There can be no assurance that any such distributions will be made by the Company. Distributions by the Company to the extent of its current and accumulated earnings and profits for federal income tax purposes generally will be taxable to stockholders as ordinary dividend income. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profit will be treated as a non-taxable reduction of the stockholder's basis in its shares of Common Stock to the extent thereof, and thereafter as taxable gain. Distributions that are treated as a reduction of the stockholder's basis in its shares of Common Stock will have the effect of deferring taxation until the sale of the stockholder's shares. The Company anticipates that, for federal income tax purposes, only a nominal portion of the per share distribution paid for 1997 will represent a return of capital to the stockholders. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations." In the future, the Company may implement a dividend reinvestment program under which holders of Common Stock may elect automatically to reinvest dividends and make additional investments in shares of Common Stock. If a dividend reinvestment and stock purchase program is implemented, the Company, from time to time, may repurchase Common Stock in the open market for purposes of fulfilling its obligations under the program, or may elect to issue additional shares of Common Stock. 40
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CAPITALIZATION The following table sets forth the historical capitalization of the Company and the pro forma capitalization of the Company as of June 30, 1997, assuming completion of this Offering and use of the proceeds from this Offering as described in "Use of Proceeds." · Download Table JUNE 30, 1997 -------------------- HISTORICAL PRO FORMA --------- --------- (IN THOUSANDS) Borrowings under the Line of Credit..................... $ 43,900 $ 4,325 Minority interest in Operating Partnership.............. 43,487 49,267 Stockholders' equity: Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding........ -- -- Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 90,000,000 shares authorized, 4,069,326 shares issued and outstanding, 7,160,755 issued and outstanding pro forma (1)........................................... 41 72 Additional paid-in capital............................ 42,429 114,823 Note receivable from stock sale....................... (3,298) (3,298) Accumulated earnings.................................. 1,189 1,189 --------- --------- Total stockholders' equity............................ 40,361 112,786 --------- --------- Total capitalization................................ $ 127,748 $ 166,378 --------- --------- --------- --------- ------------ (1) Excludes 4,620,313 shares issuable upon redemption of OP Units outstanding prior to this Offering. 41
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SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION The following tables set forth (i) unaudited selected consolidated historical and pro forma financial information for the Company and The Legends Group and (ii) selected historical financial information for The Legends Group, the accounting acquiror, and for the Legends Lessee, the significant lessee. The pro forma operating information is presented as if the Formation Transactions, this Offering and the Subsequent Acquisitions had occurred as of January 1, 1996, and therefore incorporates certain assumptions that are included in the Notes to Pro Forma Condensed Statements of Operations included elsewhere in this Prospectus. The pro forma balance sheet information is presented as if this Offering and the Subsequent Acquisitions had occurred on June 30, 1997. The pro forma information does not purport to represent what the Company's nor The Legends Group's financial position or results of operations actually would have been had the Formation Transactions, this Offering and the Subsequent Acquisitions, in fact, occurred on such date or at the beginning of the period indicated, or to project the Company's or The Legends Group's financial position or results of operations at any future date or for any future period. GOLF TRUST OF AMERICA, INC. UNAUDITED SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA (in thousands, except per share data) · Enlarge/Download Table PERIOD FROM SIX MONTHS FEBRUARY 12, 1997 YEAR ENDED ENDED JUNE (INCEPTION OF DECEMBER 31, 30, OPERATIONS) THROUGH 1996 1997 JUNE 30, 1997 ------------- ----------- ------------------- (PRO FORMA) (HISTORICAL) OPERATING DATA: Revenue: Participating Leases (1)....................................... $ 15,949 $ 9,033 $ 5,859 Participating Mortgage......................................... 8,067 4,034 181 Other interest income.......................................... -- -- 448 ------------- ----------- ---------- Total revenue................................................ 24,016 13,067 6,488 ------------- ----------- ---------- Depreciation and amortization (1)................................ 5,317 2,950 1,149 General and administrative....................................... 2,097 1,300 910 Interest expense................................................. 368 184 290 ------------- ----------- ---------- Total expenses............................................... 7,782 4,434 2,349 ------------- ----------- ---------- Income before minority interest (1).............................. 16,234 8,633 4,139 Minority interest (2)............................................ 6,104 3,384 2,129 ------------- ----------- ---------- Net income applicable to common stockholders..................... $ 10,130 $ 5,249 $ 2,010 ------------- ----------- ---------- ------------- ----------- ---------- Net income per share of Common Stock............................. $ 1.42 $ 0.73 $ 0.50 ------------- ----------- ---------- ------------- ----------- ---------- Weighted average shares of Common Stock outstanding.............. 7,161 7,161 4,007 ------------- ----------- ---------- ------------- ----------- ---------- CASH FLOW DATA: Cash flows from operating activities (3)....................... $ 21,551 $ 11,583 $ 3,578 Cash flows used in investing activities (4).................... (719) (359) (116,497) Cash flows from financing activities (5)....................... 14,505 9,660 115,190 OTHER DATA: Funds From Operations (6)...................................... $ 21,551 $ 11,583 $ 5,288 Cash Available for Distribution (6)............................ $ 19,504 $ 10,560 $ 5,011 Weighted average Common Stock and OP Units outstanding......... 11,482 11,781 8,479 · Enlarge/Download Table JUNE 30, ------------------------ 1997 ----------- 1997 (HISTORICAL) ----------- (PRO FORMA) BALANCE SHEET DATA: Investment in Golf Courses............................................................ $ 87,599 $ 61,724 Mortgage note receivable (7).......................................................... 61,680 61,680 Notes payable......................................................................... 4,325 43,900 Minority interest in Operating Partnership............................................ 49,267 43,487 Total stockholders' equity............................................................ 112,786 40,361 (NOTES ON PAGE 45) 42
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THE LEGENDS GROUP GOLF COURSE OPERATIONS UNAUDITED SELECTED PRO FORMA FINANCIAL DATA (in thousands) · Enlarge/Download Table SEASIDE LEGENDS RESORTS OF TOTAL GOLF HERITAGE (OYSTER VIRGINIA LEGENDS LEGENDS GOLF CLUB BAY) (8) GOLF --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996 OPERATING DATA: Revenue from Golf Course operations....................... $ 8,078 $ 3,141 $ 3,288 $ 692 $ 15,199 Other revenue............................................. 2,534 745 784 151 4,214 --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- Total revenue............................................. 10,612 3,886 4,072 843 19,413 Participating Lease payments (1).......................... 4,670 1,825 1,856 928 9,279 Other operating expenses (9).............................. 6,216 2,171 2,296 2,492 13,175 --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- Net income (loss)......................................... $ (274) $ (110) $ (80) $ (2,577) $ (3,041) --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- CASH FLOW DATA: Cash flows from (used in) operating activities (10)....... $ (125) $ (69) $ 40 $ (2,577) $ (2,731) Cash flows from investing activities (11)................. -- -- -- -- -- Cash flows from financing activities (12)................. -- -- -- -- -- OTHER DATA: EBITDA (13)............................................... $ (31) $ (55) $ 59 $ (2,577) $ (2,604) SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 1997 OPERATING DATA: Revenue from Golf Course operations....................... $ 4,853 $ 1,943 $ 2,012 $ 1,274 $ 10,082 Other revenue............................................. 1,692 453 517 252 2,914 --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- Total revenue............................................. 6,545 2,396 2,529 1,526 12,996 Participating Lease payments (1).......................... 2,335 913 928 1,853 6,029 Other operating expenses (9).............................. 3,714 1,204 1,168 1,857 7,943 --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- Net income (loss)......................................... $ 496 $ 279 $ 433 $ (2,184) $ (976) --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- CASH FLOW DATA: Cash flows from (used in) operating activities (10)....... $ 548 $ 295 $ 450 $ (2,184) $ (891) Cash flows from investing activities (11)................. -- -- -- -- -- Cash flows from financing activities (12)................. -- -- -- -- -- OTHER DATA: EBITDA (13)............................................... $ 557 $ 298 $ 453 $ (2,184) $ (876) (NOTES ON PAGE 45) 43
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LEGENDS GOLF SELECTED COMBINED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION (in thousands) · Enlarge/Download Table SIX MONTHS ENDED YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30, ----------------------------------------------------- -------------------- 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1996 1997(14) --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- (UNAUDITED) FINANCIAL DATA: Revenue from golf course operations....................... $ 11,724 $ 13,455 $ 14,371 $ 14,619 $ 15,199 $ 8,641 $ 10,082 Other revenue...................... 2,931 3,438 4,725 3,823 4,214 2,284 2,914 --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Total revenue...................... 14,655 16,893 19,096 18,442 19,413 10,925 12,996 Operating expenses(9).............. 8,895 9,882 10,083 10,322 13,556 5,757 12,540 Depreciation and amortization...... 1,406 1,564 1,830 1,791 2,400 1,004 808 Interest expense................... 648 619 998 1,017 1,589 515 420 --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Income before equity in earnings of the Operating Partnership........ 3,706 4,828 6,185 5,312 1,868 3,649 (772) Equity in earnings of the Operating Partnership(15).................. -- -- -- -- -- -- 1,916 --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Net income......................... $ 3,706 $ 4,828 $ 6,185 $ 5,312 $ 1,868 $ 3,649 $ 1,144 --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- BALANCE SHEET DATA: Investment in Golf Courses and related equipment................ $ 17,425 $ 16,663 $ 19,301 $ 33,099 $ 35,060 $ 34,738 $ 1,083 Total assets....................... 20,484 22,719 24,649 42,300 49,804 49,458 22,019 Mortgages, notes payable and advances from affiliates and stockholders..................... 16,293 19,285 18,638 35,163 40,480 37,512 8,268 Capital lease obligations.......... 332 -- -- -- -- -- -- Total owners' equity............... 2,086 2,263 3,772 6,328 7,174 9,976 11,000 (NOTES ON PAGE 45) 44
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--------------- (1) Represents payments of Base Rent from the Lessees to the Company calculated on a pro forma basis as if the beginning of the period presented was the beginning of a lease year, except for Legends of Virginia, the Lessee of Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent, which courses opened in June 1996 and August 1996, respectively. Pro forma Participating Lease revenue payable by Legends of Virginia reflects only the periods during which such Golf Courses were actually operating. If Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent had been operating during the entire period presented (i) Participating Lease revenue would have been $1,847 higher for the year ended December 31, 1996, for a total of $17,796, (ii) depreciation and amortization would have been $580 higher for the year ended December 31, 1996, for a total of $5,897, and (iii) income before minority interest for the year ended December 31, 1996 would have been $1,267 higher for a total of $17,501. The pro forma information does not include estimates of Base Rent increases in the second year. Pro forma results for the six months ended June 30, 1997 and actual results for the period from February 12, 1997 through June 30, 1997 include $109 of Participating Rent. (2) Calculated as approximately 37.6%, 39.2% and 51.4% of the Operating Partnership's net income for the applicable period based on the OP Units outstanding for the period not owned by the Company. (3) Represents the Company's income before minority interest adjusted for non-cash depreciation and amortization. Estimated pro forma cash flows from operating activities excludes cash provided by (used in) operating activities due to changes in working capital resulting from changes in current assets and current liabilities. The Company does not believe these excluded items are material to cash flows from operating activities. (4) Pro forma cash flows used in investing activities represents the amount of the reserve which the Company will be required to make available annually under the Participating Leases to fund capital expenditures, calculated as 2.0% to 5.0% of Gross Golf Revenue at the Golf Courses. In addition to increases resulting from the Base Rent Escalator and payments of Participating Rent, the Lessees generally are obligated to increase their lease payments each year in an amount equal to the increase in the capital expenditure reserve from the prior year. Historical cash flows used in investing activities additionally reflects golf course acquisitions and mortgage note issuance. (5) Pro forma cash flows used in financing activities represents estimated distributions to be paid based on the current quarterly dividend rate of $0.41 per share of Common Stock or per OP Unit and an aggregate of 11,482 and 11,781 shares of Common Stock and OP Units outstanding for the year ended December 31, 1996 and the six months ended June 30, 1997, respectively, and debt of $4,325. (6) Estimated Funds From Operations and Cash Available for Distribution are calculated as follows: · Enlarge/Download Table PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 12, 1997 (INCEPTION OF YEAR ENDED SIX MONTHS ENDED OPERATIONS) DECEMBER 31, 1996 JUNE 30, 1997 THROUGH JUNE 30, 1997 ----------------- ------------------ ------------------------ (PRO FORMA) (HISTORICAL) Income before minority interest............................. $16,234 $ 8,633 $4,139 Depreciation and amortization............................... 5,317 2,950 1,149 ------- ------- ------ Funds From Operations....................................... 21,551 11,583 5,288 Adjustments: Noncash mortgage revenue.................................. (1,328) (664) (30) Estimated capital expenditures............................ (719) (359) (247) ------- ------- ------ Cash Available for Distribution............................. 19,504 10,560 5,011 Additional Base Rent for courses not operational during entire period.............................................. 1,847 -- -- ------- ------- ------ Adjusted Cash Available for Distribution.................... $21,351 $10,560 $5,011 In accordance with the resolution adopted by the Board of Governors of NAREIT, Funds From Operations represents net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from debt restructuring or sales of property, plus depreciation of real property, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnership and joint ventures. Funds From Operations should not be considered as an alternative to net income or other measurements under GAAP as an indicator of operating performance or to cash flows from operating investing or financial activities as a measure of liquidity. Funds From Operations does not reflect working capital changes, cash expenditures for capital improvements or principal payments on indebtedness. The Company believes that Funds From Operations is helpful to investors as a measure of the performance of an equity REIT, because along with cash flows from operating activities, financing activities and investing activities, it provides investors with an understanding of the ability of the Company to incur and service debt and make capital expenditures. Compliance with the NAREIT definition of Funds From Operations is voluntary. Accordingly, the Company's calculation of Funds From Operations in accordance with the NAREIT definition may be different than similarly titled measures used by other REITs. See "Distribution Policy." Pro forma income before minority interest for the year ended December 31, 1996, reflects base rent from Legends of Virginia for the period during which the Golf Courses it leases from the Company, Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent, were actually operating (Stonehouse Golf Club opened in June 1996 and Royal New Kent opened in August 1996). The adjustment above reflects additional Base Rent payable during the Golf Courses' initial year of operations (i.e., to reflect a full year's initial Base Rent). Noncash mortgage revenue represents the difference between interest revenue on the Participating Mortgage reported by the Company in accordance with GAAP and the actual cash payment to be received by the Company. See "The Golf Courses -- The Participating Mortgage -- Fixed Interest Rate Escalation." 45
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The Participating Leases require the Company to reserve annually between 2.0% and 5.0% of the Gross Golf Revenues of the Golf Courses to fund capital expenditures. Any capital expenditures in excess of such amounts will be funded by the Lessees. (7) Represents amounts outstanding under the Participating Mortgage exclusive of the amounts used to acquire OP Units and shares of the Common Stock. (8) Legends of Virginia financial data reflects partial period operations at both Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent, which opened in June 1996 and August 1996, respectively. Participating Lease payments reflect the periods in which the Golf Courses were actually operating. (9) Represents operating costs and expenses, general and administrative, repairs and maintenance, utilities, marketing and management fees. Operating Expenses for The Legends Group for the six months ended June 30, 1997 includes Base Rent payments for the period commencing February 12, 1997. (10) Represents pro forma income adjusted for non-cash depreciation and amortization. Estimated pro forma cash flows from operating activities excludes cash provided by (used in) operating activities due to changes in working capital resulting from changes in current assets and current liabilities. The Company does not believe these excluded items are material to cash flows from operating activities. (11) Cash flows from investing activities consists principally of capital improvements to the Golf Courses. As such improvements are expected to be funded through a capital expenditure reserve funded by the Company, cash flows from investing activities funded by the Lessees are not expected to be material. (12) Cash flows from financing activities primarily includes transactions with the Prior Owners and borrowings and repayments on loans. Such cash flows have been excluded in the determination of cash flows from financing activities as the Company does not believe these excluded items are material to cash flows from financing activities. (13) EBITDA is defined as operating income before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Management considers EBITDA to be an important measure of the cash flows from operations of the Lessees (before payment of debt service obligations and non-cash depreciation charges). EBITDA does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income as an indication of financial performance or to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. (14) Information presented includes the Prior Owners and the Legends Lessee combined, as the operations were transferred to the Legends Lessee effective February 12, 1997. Summary unaudited operating results for the Legends Lessees for the period February 12, 1997 (inception) through June 30, 1997 included in The Legends Group for the six months ended June 30, 1997 are as follows: · Enlarge/Download Table Gross golf revenue............................................................................... $ 9,164 Other revenue.................................................................................... 2,496 --------- Total revenue............................................................................ 11,660 Operating expenses............................................................................... 6,368 Lease payments................................................................................... 4,629 Depreciation and amortization.................................................................... 37 --------- Total expenses........................................................................... 11,034 --------- Net income....................................................................................... $ 626 --------- --------- (15) Equity in earnings of the Operating Partnership reflects the Prior Owner's proportionate interest in the earnings of the Operating Partnership based on its limited partnership interest. These amounts do not represent cash distributions to the Legends Group Prior Owner. Earnings reflect the interest of the Prior Owner and not the Legends Lessee, and any distributions payable to the Legends Group Prior Owner will not necessarily be available to the Legends Lessee to make Lease Payments. 46
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OVERVIEW GTA was incorporated in Maryland on November 8, 1996. The Company was formed to capitalize upon consolidation opportunities in the ownership of upscale golf courses in the United States. The Company's principal business strategy is to acquire upscale golf courses and then lease the golf courses to qualified third party operators, including affiliates of the sellers. Title to the acquired courses is held by the Operating Partnership, in which the Company is the sole general partner. The Company has the ability to issue OP Units in the Operating Partnership. OP Units are redeemable by their holder for cash or, at the election of the Company, for shares of Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. When the Company acquires a golf course in exchange for OP Units, in most instances the seller of the golf course does not recognize taxable gain until it exercises the Redemption Right. OP Units can thus provide an attractive tax-deferred sale structure for golf course sellers. The Company believes it has a distinct competitive advantage in the acquisition of upscale golf courses, including those which might not otherwise be available for purchase, because of (i) its utilization of a multiple independent lessee structure, (ii) management's substantial industry knowledge, experience and relationships within the golf community, (iii) the Company's strategic alliances with prominent golf course operators and (iv) its ability to issue OP Units to golf course owners on a tax-deferred basis. In February 1997, the Company raised net proceeds of approximately $73 million in its IPO and consummated the Formation Transactions. In the IPO the Company sold 3,910,000 shares of Common Stock at $21.00 per share (including 510,000 shares sold pursuant to the underwriters' over-allotment option, which was exercised in full). The Company contributed the net proceeds of the IPO to the Operating Partnership in exchange for a 49% interest in the Operating Partnership. THE GOLF COURSES Concurrently with the closing of the IPO, the Company acquired the 10 Initial Courses from their Prior Owners. The ten Initial Courses are located in South Carolina (4), Virginia (2), Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina and Texas. Title to the Initial Courses is held by the Operating Partnership. The Initial Courses were contributed by their Prior Owners to the Operating Partnership in exchange for approximately $6.2 million in cash, the assumption of approximately $43.1 million of mortgage and other indebtedness and approximately 4.1 million OP Units, which represented a 51% limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership. Control of the Operating Partnership remains in the hands of the Company, as the sole general partner. On June 23, 1997, the Company closed the $78.975 million Participating Mortgage with the Innisbrook Resort Owner in connection with a merger transaction that resulted in the Innisbrook Resort Owner acquiring the Innisbrook Resort, as well as the Tamarron Resort, an 18-hole destination golf and conference facility located near Durango, Colorado. The Company made an initial advance of $69.975 million, which will be followed by additional advances of up to $9.0 million to be used for a nine-hole expansion and other improvement to the Innisbrook Resort facilities currently underway. The Company was granted a first lien on the Innisbrook Resort, including the golf courses, the conference facilities and the undeveloped land, but excluding the hotel, which consists of individually-owned condominiums. Troon Golf manages the golf facilities at the Innisbrook Resort. The condominium rental pool and conference facility at the Innisbrook Resort is managed by Westin. Westin has agreed to pay up to $2.5 million per year to the Innisbrook Resort Owner to supplement results of operations with respect to the operations at the Innisbrook Resort. The Westin Guaranty, which is for a period of up to five years, is designed to ensure receipt by the Company of Base Interest payments under the Participating Mortgage. The Participating Mortgage has a 30-year maturity, a 5% annual increase in the Base Interest for the first five years and a participating interest feature throughout the term based upon the growth in revenues over a base year. The Company has the right to acquire the Innisbrook Resort at the expiration of the term of the Participating Mortgage, including any early expiration resulting from a default of the borrower thereunder. The purchase price shall equal the lesser of the fair market value of the Innisbrook Resort (but in no event less than 47
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the outstanding balance of the Participating Mortgage), as determined by a third party appraisal, or 400,000 shares (125,000 shares if a Transfer Triggering Event, as hereinafter defined, has occured) of the Company's Common Stock and cancellation of the outstanding principal balance of the Participating Mortgage. See "The Golf Courses--The Participating Mortgage." On August 19, 1997, the Company acquired Tiburon, a 27-hole, upscale golf course located in Omaha, Nebraska for $5.4 million in cash and Common Stock valued at approximately $600,000 and leased the Golf Course to Granite Golf under a Participating Lease. On September 2, 1997, the Company acquired Raintree, an 18-hole golf course located in Akron, Ohio, for $1.2 million in cash and OP Units valued at approximately $3.4 million and leased the Golf Course to the Prior Owner under a Participating Lease. On September 30, 1997, the Company acquired Eagle Watch, an 18-hole golf course located in Atlanta, Georgia, for $4.5 million in cash and OP Units valued at approximately $1.9 million. The Company leases the Golf Course under a Participating Lease to an affiliate of the Prior Owner. On October 3, 1997, the Company acquired Lost Oaks, an 18-hole upscale golf course located in Tampa, Florida, for $5.9 million in cash, including closing costs. The Company leases the Golf Course to an affiliate of Starwood under a Participating Lease. On October 17, 1997, the Company acquired Club of the Country, an 18-hole private country club located in Kansas City, Kansas, for approximately $2.6 million in cash and OP Units valued at approximately $500,000. The leases between the Company, as lessor, and each Lessee provide for the payment of Lease Payments comprised of Base Rent, including minimum rent increases for a minimum of five years, and Participating Rent based on growth in revenue at the Golf Course. The Company's primary source of revenue is Lease Payments under the Participating Leases and mortgage payments under the Participating Mortgage. Each Lessee has only nominal capitalization and a Lessee's ability to make the Lease Payments to the Company under the Participating Leases will be dependent upon the Lessee's ability to generate sufficient cash flow from the operation of the Golf Course(s) leased by it. Participating Rent is generally equal to 33 1/3% of the increase in Gross Golf Revenues over the Gross Golf Revenues for the Golf Course for the base year, as adjusted by the Company in determining the initial Base Rent. Base Rent will increase each year by the Base Rent Escalator during the first five years of the lease term (and for an additional five years thereafter following an exercise of the Lessee Performance Option). The Base Rent Escalator for a given year generally equals the lesser of (i) 3% or (ii) 200% of the change in the CPI over the prior year. Annual increases in Lease Payments are limited to a maximum of 5% for the first five years of the lease terms. Management believes the principal source of growth in Gross Golf Revenues at the Golf Courses will be increased green fees, cart fees and other related fees. In order to achieve higher revenues, management believes the Lessees will need to continue to offer golfers a high quality golf experience as it relates to the pace of play, condition of the Golf Course and overall quality of the facilities. The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and pro forma results of operations of the Company, and the Legends Group Prior Owners is based upon the Company's financial statements as of December 31, 1996, the pro forma consolidated balance sheet and income statement of the Company and the Legend Lessees, and the historical combined financial statements of The Legends Group, the accounting acquiror, with respect to seven of the Initial Courses. In establishing the amount of Base Rent for the Courses, the Company and the Lessees considered, in addition to actual historical results of operations, a number of other factors which under the accounting rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission cannot be reflected in the pro forma financial information for the Lessees. Such factors include (i) cost savings expected to be achieved by the Lessees as a result of operational changes following completion of the Formation Transaction (affecting the Legends Group courses), (ii) revenue enhancing programs that certain Lessees intend to implement following completion of the Formation Transactions (affecting Legends Resort Courses, Oyster Bay and Heritage Golf 48
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Club) and (iii) estimated revenues and expenses at the two recently opened Initial Courses (Royal New Kent and Stonehouse Golf Club). The pro forma financial information for the Company and the Legends Lessees reflect initial Base Rent and no Participating Rent. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF THE COMPANY FOR THE PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 12, 1997 TO JUNE 30, 1997 For the period from February 12, 1997 to June 30, 1997, the Company received $6,040,000 in revenue from the Participating Leases for the Initial Courses and interest received on the mortgage note receivable. Included in revenue was $109,000 Participating Rent from 8 of the 10 Initial Courses. Total expenses before minority interest, totaling $2,349,000 for the period from February 12 to June 30, 1997, reflect depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expenses and interest expense. Net income before minority interest for the period from February 12 to June 30, 1997 is $4,139,000. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES OF THE COMPANY Cash flow from operating activities for the period from February 12, 1997 to June 30, 1997, was $3,578,000. This reflects net income before minority interest, plus noncash charges to income for depreciation and loan fee amortization and working capital changes. Cash flows used in investing activities reflect mortgage receivable of $61,599,000 and original golf course acquisitions of $54,554,000. Cash flows provided by financing activities, totaling $115,190,000, represents the total borrowing of $43,825,000 under the Credit Facility (discussed below) and offering proceeds of $73,055,000 less dividend distributions. Concurrent with the closing of the IPO, the Company borrowed approximately $4,325,000 that, together with the net proceeds of the IPO, was used to retire mortgage indebtedness and other debt of the Prior Owners, to fund the cash portion of the purchase of the Initial Courses and to provide initial working capital. The Company has agreed to maintain approximately $4,325,000 of indebtedness for up to 10 years to accommodate a Prior Owner's efforts to seek to minimize certain adverse tax consequences from its contribution of one of the Initial Courses to the Company. This loan has been consolidated with the Line of Credit. On June 20, 1997, the Company entered into the Line of Credit ($43,900,000 outstanding as of June 30, 1997) to be used primarily for the acquisition of additional golf courses, although a portion also may be used for acquisition of the Expansion Facilities, for capital expenditures or for general working capital purposes. The Line of Credit imposes certain conditions on the Company's ability to draw on the Line of Credit, including, without limitation, a borrowing base calculation. On September 24, 1997 the Company negotiated a reduction in the interest rate from LIBOR plus 2.0% to LIBOR plus 1.75%. Additionally, the Company has received a commitment to increase the Line of Credit, upon completion of this Offering, to $125 million and to convert it to an unsecured facility. The Company intends to invest in additional golf courses as suitable opportunities arise, but the Company will not undertake investments unless adequate sources of financing are available. The Company anticipates that future acquisitions would be funded with debt financing provided by the Line of Credit, the issuance of OP Units or with proceeds of additional equity offerings. In the future, the Company may negotiate additional credit facilities or issue corporate debt instruments. Any debt issued or incurred by the Company may be secured or unsecured, long-term or short-term, fixed or variable interest rate and may be subject to such other terms, as the Board of Directors deems prudent. Except as described in this Prospectus, the Company currently has no binding agreement to acquire any additional golf courses. The Company is in active negotiations regarding the acquisition of additional golf courses, although there can be no assurance that the Company will acquire any of these golf courses. The Company's acquisition capabilities are enhanced by its existing capital structure. The Company intends to maintain a capital structure with consolidated indebtedness representing no more than 50% of its total market capitalization. 49
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The Participating Leases require the Company to reserve annually between 2.0% and 5.0% of the Gross Golf Revenues of the Golf Courses to fund capital expenditures. Any capital expenditures in excess of such amounts will be funded by the Lessees. For the six months ended June 30, 1997, the Company had reserved $247,000 to fund capital expenditures under the Participating Leases, The Company has agreed to fund certain improvements of $1.25 million at Lost Oaks. In addition, the Company has committed to provide up to an additional $9 million under the Participating Mortgage and $3.0 million at Northgate under a loan agreement to fund the construction of an additional nine holes. PRO FORMA RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF THE COMPANY On a pro forma basis for the year ended December 31, 1996 and the six months ended June 30, 1997, the Company would have received $15,949,000 and $9,033,000, respectively, in Base Rent from the Participating Leases for the Golf Courses. For the year ended December 31, 1996, this amount does not include $1,847,000 in rent from Legends of Virginia LC related to its two courses, Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent, because such courses opened in June 1996 and August 1996, respectively. As these Golf Courses are now fully operational, the Company contractually is entitled to receive rent of approximately $17,856,000 in its first full year of operation. On a pro forma basis the Company also would have recognized interest income under the Participating Mortgage of $8,067,000 and $4,034,000, respectively. None of the revenue/income amounts reflects any participation revenue. Total pro forma expenses of $7,782,000 and $4,434,000 for the year ended December 31, 1996 and the six months ended June 30, 1997, respectively, reflect depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expenses and interest expense. Depreciation expense is based on the Company's cost of acquiring the Golf Courses, except for the Golf Courses acquired by the Company from The Legends Group. The contribution of these Golf Courses is treated for accounting purposes as a reorganization of the interests of The Legends Group in the contributed Golf Courses and has been accounted for at historical cost. Pro forma expenses for the year ended December 31, 1996, do not include $580,000 of depreciation related to the period these courses were not operational in 1996. If these courses had been operational for all of 1996, total pro forma expenses for the year ended December 31, 1996 would have been $8,362,000. Minority interest totaling $6,104,000 for the year ended December 31, 1996, ($6,860,000 if the Legends of Virginia Golf Courses had been fully operational for all of 1996) and $3,384,000 for the six months ended June 30, 1997, reflects the 37.5% and 39.2% interest respectively, of the Prior Owners, management and operators in the pro forma net income of the Operating Partnership. Pro forma net income for the year ended December 31, 1996 is $10,130,000 ($10,641,000 if the Legends of Virginia Golf Courses had been fully operational for all of 1996). Pro forma net income for the six months ended June 30, 1997, is $5,249,000. PRO FORMA LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES OF THE COMPANY On a pro forma basis, cash flow from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 1996 and six months ended June 30, 1997, excluding changes in working capital, would have been $21,551,000 ($23,398,000 for 1996 if the Legends of Virginia Golf Courses had been fully operational for all of 1996) and $11,583,000. This reflects net income before minority interest, plus non-cash charges to income for depreciation and loan fee amortization. Cash flows used in investing activities reflects capital expenditures of $719,000 and $359,000, calculated based upon the Company's capital expenditure reserves required by the terms of the Participating Leases. Cash flows from financing activities, totaling $14,505,000 and $9,660,000, represents distributions (based upon the current quarterly per share and per OP Unit distribution rate of $0.41) to holders of the Common Stock and OP Units and the amount of the initial borrowing of $4,325,000. 50
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THE LEGENDS GROUP PRIOR OWNERS Pursuant to the Formation Transactions, the Company acquired seven Golf Courses from The Legends Group: Heritage Golf Club, Heathland, Moorland, Parkland, Oyster Bay, Royal New Kent and Stonehouse Golf Club. These seven Golf Courses are operated by four Legends Lessees. The Legends Resort Courses, Heathland, Moorland and Parkland, share a common clubhouse, driving range, golf carts and other facilities and are leased by a single Legends Lessee pursuant to a single Participating Lease. The recently opened Golf Courses -- Royal New Kent and Stonehouse Golf Club -- are in similar stages of operation and are leased by a single Legends Lessee. Each of the two other Legends Golf Courses is leased by a separate Legends Lessee. Aggregate Base Rent under the Participating Leases with the Legends Lessees represents approximately 42.5% and 46.1% of the Company's pro forma revenue for the year ended December 31, 1996 and the six months ended June 30, 1997, respectively. The Legends Group Prior Owners received OP Units representing approximately 46.5% of the outstanding Common Stock and OP Units upon completion of the Formation Transactions. The following discussion and analysis addresses the combined historical results of operations of the Golf Courses being contributed by The Legends Group; however, the results of operations of such Golf Courses do not purport to represent the pro forma results of operations of the Legends Lessees or the Company and should not be used to assess the operating performance of the Legends Lessees or the Company. Two of the Golf Courses being contributed by The Legends Group, Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent, opened in June and August 1996, respectively. The Legends Group markets its courses through media advertising (primarily in golf publications) and various other promotional arrangements (generally discounted green fees) provided to guests of local hotels in the markets where its Golf Courses are located. In addition, in 1995, affiliated entities began constructing, selling and renting golf villas as part of a resort/residential development at the Legends Resort, site of the Legends Resort Courses, Heathland, Moorland and Parkland. This development eventually is expected to include 204 golf villas with over 800 beds. The Company believes that this resort/residential development helped contribute to the number of rounds played at the Legends Resort Courses in 1996 and 1997 to date and is expected to continue to be a source of rounds played as the development is completed. For purposes of financial presentations, the term "Legends Golf" refers to the combined operations of all seven Golf Courses contributed by The Legends Group, and the term "Golf Legends" refers to operations of the three Golf Courses located at the Legends Resort. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF THE LEGENDS GROUP SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 1997 AND 1996 Revenue from golf operations increased 16.7% from $8,641,000 to $10,082,000 while the revenue per player increased from $60.95 to $61.30, and the total rounds played increased 16.0% from 141,780 to 164,482. The increase in total number of rounds primarily is due to the opening of the two Legends of Virginia courses in mid-1996. Of the 22,702 increase in rounds, Legends of Virginia, LC accounted for 18,281 rounds and a total revenue increase of $1,253,000. The number of rounds played significantly influences other revenue sources, including food and beverage and merchandise sales. The number of rounds increased 16.0% and other revenue increased 27.6% to $2,914,000 from $2,284,000 principally because of (i) a 25.9% increase in food and beverage sales (which resulted from additional demand created by occupants of the newly constructed golf villas at the Legends Resort), increased sales at Legends of Virginia, LC and (iii) a 15.9% increase in pro shops sales, (which resulted principally from sales at Legends of Virginia, LC). Other income increased as a result of reinstituting the course photography. Operating expenses increased 97.3% to $13,348,000 from $6,761,000. Principal components of the $6,587,000 increase were (i) operating costs exclusive of lease payments to the Company and depreciation expense of approximately $1,774,000 associated with the two Legends of Virginia courses opened in mid-1996, 51
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(ii) lease payments to the Company, land lease payments to the prior owner and depreciation expense totaling $6,287,000 for 1997 compared to $1,543,000 for 1996 (an increase of $4,744,000) when there were no lease payments to the Company, (iii) $321,000 attributable to clubhouse repairs at Heritage Golf Club and Oyster Bay along with the addition of several maintenance personnel to improve the quality of the course maintenance and (iv) increased costs of the food and beverage operations consistent with the increase in sales. Interest expense decreased 18.5% to $420,000 from $515,000 as a result of lower borrowings outstanding related to debt for the courses that was transferred in connection with the Formation Transaction's retirement of debt. Equity in earnings of the Operating Partnership resulted from an approximately 48% limited partnership interest originating with the Formation Transactions held by Legends Golf. Net income decreased $2,505,000 from $3,649,000 to $1,144,000 primarily as a result of the increased operating expenses from the two new courses and Lease Payments under the Participating Leases. YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996 AND 1995 Revenue from golf operations increased 4.0% from $14,619,000 to $15,199,000. Revenue per player increases $55.65 to $56.21, principally as a result of increased green fees and golf cart rentals), while the total rounds played increased 2.9% from 262,700 to 270,400. The increase in total number of rounds is primarily due to the opening of the two Legends of Virginia courses in mid-1996. Without these two courses the total number of rounds decreases 1.4% to 259,000. The Company believes that the late, harsh winter of 1996 in the midwest and northeastern United States reduced vacation golfers' travel from these areas and contributed to the decrease in the number of rounds played. Rounds played were also adversely affected by two hurricanes during the summer of 1996 that resulted in minimal damage to the Golf Courses but reduced vacation golf travel to the area. The increase in total revenues in 1996 due to the two new courses approximated $690,000. In January and February 1996, management reduced available tee times and increased green and cart fees over the prior period's winter rates in an effort to enhance the quality of the golf experience during the slower time of the year. Other revenue sources, including food and beverage and merchandise sales, are influenced by the number of rounds played. While the number of rounds increased 2.9%, the revenue increased 10.2% to $4,214,000 from $3,823,000, principally due to a 22.6% increase in food and beverage sales resulting from additional demand created by occupants of the newly constructed golf villas at the Legends Resort. The rental units recently opened and additional units are being developed. Management is unable to estimate the future impact on food and beverage sales. However, food and beverage revenues are not included in the calculation of Gross Golf Revenue and therefore do not affect Participating Rent payments. Operating expenses increased 31.7% to $15,956,000 from $12,113,000. Principal components of the $3,843,000 increase were (i) initial operating costs of approximately $3,178,000 associated with the two Legends of Virginia courses opened in mid-1996, (ii) a one-time increase in chemical and fertilizer expense of approximately $90,000, (iii) periodic resurfacing of cart paths totaling $50,000, (iv) food and beverage operations of approximately $352,000 attributed to an increase in revenue and (v) an increase in repair and maintenance expense. Interest expense increased 56.2% to $1,589,000 from $1,017,000 as a result of higher borrowings incurred in connection with the completion and pre-opening costs of the two recently-opened Initial Courses. Net income decreased 64.8% from $5,312,000 to $1,868,000 primarily as a result of additional $3,178,000 of expenses associated with the two recently opened Initial Courses. YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 AND 1994 Revenue from golf operations increased 1.7% to $14,619,000 from $14,371,000. The increase resulted primarily from a 9.5% increase in revenue per player (principally as a result of increased green fees and golf cart 52
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rentals) from $50.82 to $55.65. During this same period rounds played decreased 7.1% from 282,800 to 262,700 as a result of management's focus on increasing green fees. Other revenue decreased 19.1% from $4,725,000 to $3,823,000 principally due to a contribution of land totaling $1,000,000, which was partially offset by increased food and beverage and merchandise sales as a result of improved merchandising efforts in the pro shop. Operating expenses increased 1.7% to $12,113,000 from $11,913,000, primarily as a result of normal wage and other operating cost increases, Interest expense increased 1.9% to $1,017,000 from $998,000 primarily due to financing costs incurred in connection with the purchase of maintenance equipment. Net income decreased 14.1% to $5,312,000 from $6,185,000. INFLATION All of the Participating Leases provide for initial terms of 10 years with Base Rent and Participating Rent features. Base Rent will increase by the Base Rent Escalator for each year during the first five years of the term of each Participating Lease (and for an) additional five years if the Lessee Performance Option is exercised). All of such leases are triple net leases requiring the Initial Lessees to pay for all maintenance and repair, insurance, utilities and services. The Participating Mortgage has a 5% increase in the Base Interest payment for up to five years, and 3% for an additional five years if the Performance Option is exercised. As a result, the Company believes the effect of inflation on the Company is not material. SEASONALITY The golf industry is seasonal in nature based on weather conditions and fewer available tee times in the rainy season and the winter months. The operator of each of the Daily Fee Golf Courses may vary green fees based on changes in demand. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In February 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued FAS No. 128, "EARNINGS PER SHARE," which established new standards for computations of earnings per share. Statement No. 128 will be effective for periods ending after December 15, 1997 and will require presentation of: (1) "Basic Earnings per Share," computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period and (2) "Diluted Earnings per Share," which gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares that were outstanding during the period, by increasing the denominator to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Had FAS 128 been effective for the period from February 12, 1997 (period of inception) through June 30, 1997, basic and diluted earnings per share would have been as follows: · Download Table Basic earnings per share............................................ $ .51 Diluted earnings per share.......................................... $ .50 In June 1997, the Financial Accountant Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130, REPORTING COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (SFAS 130), which establishes standards for reporting and display of comprehensive income, its components and accumulated balances. Comprehensive income is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among other disclosures, SFAS 130 requires that all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income be reported in a financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. 53
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SFAS 130 is effective for financial statements for periods beginning after December 15, 1997, and requires comparative information for earlier years to be restated. Because of the recent issuance of this standard, management has been unable fully to evaluate the impact, if any, the standard may have on future financial statement disclosures. Results of operations and financial position, however, will be unaffected by implementations of this standard. CHANGES IN THE COMPANY'S CERTIFYING PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT On February 26, 1997, the Company dismissed Price Waterhouse LLP as independent accountants. Effective February 28, 1997, the Company engaged BDO Seidman, LLP as principal accountants. The decision to change accountants was approved by the Audit Committee and ratified by the Board of Directors of the Company. The Company was formed on November 8, 1996. Its balance sheet as of November 8, 1996 was audited by Price Waterhouse LLP. The balance sheet and the report of Price Waterhouse LLP thereon were included in the Company's Form S-11 which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 6, 1997. In connection with Price Waterhouse LLP's audit of the November 8, 1996 balance sheet and through February 26, 1997, there were no disagreements between the Company and Price Waterhouse LLP on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements if not resolved to the satisfaction of Price Waterhouse LLP would have caused them to make reference thereto in their report on the November 8, 1996 balance sheet and there were no reportable events (as defined in Regulation S-K Item 304(a)(1)(v)). The report of Price Waterhouse LLP on the Registrant's November 8, 1996 balance sheet did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion and the report was not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles. IMPORTANT FACTORS RELATED TO FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND ASSOCIATED RISKS The preceding section, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and other sections of this Prospectus contain various "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act which represent the Company's expectations or beliefs concerning future events, including, without limitation, statements containing the words "believes," "anticipates," "expects" and words of similar import; and also including, without limitation, the following: statements regarding the Company's continuing ability to target and acquire upscale golf courses; the continued availability of the Line of Credit and other debt and equity financing; the sufficiency of the Company's working capital, cash flow and financing to support the Company's future operating and capital requirements; the Lessees' and other Golf Course Operators' future cash flows, results of operations and overall financial performance; the Company's continued strategic alliance with Starwood, the planned acquisition and/or financing of certain golf courses; the expected completion and acquisition of the Expansion Facilities; the expected dividend distribution rate; the intended limit on the Company's level of consolidated indebtedness; the expected tax treatment of the Company's operations; the Company's beliefs about continued growth in the golf industry; statements regarding the possible redemption of OP Units and exercise of the Lessee Performance Options; and the expected completion of real estate developments near certain Golf Courses. Such forward-looking statements relate to future events and the future financial performance of the Company and the industry and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors which could cause actual results, performance or achievements of the Company or industry to differ materially from the future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Investors should carefully consider the various factors identified in the section "Risk Factors," in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation," and elsewhere in this Prospectus that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results predicted in the forward-looking statements. Further, the Company specifically cautions investors to consider the following important factors in 54
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conjunction with the forward-looking statements: the possible decline in the Company's ability to locate and acquire quality golf courses and to negotiate acceptable lease terms; the possibility that the Lessees and the Innisbrook Resort Owner may be unable to make required payments under the Participating Leases and the Participating Mortgage; the possibility that Company management lacks the skill to manage the Company's planned process of acquisitions and expansions; the possible adverse effect of changing economic conditions, including interest rate movements and changes in the real estate market both locally and nationally; the effect of severe weather or natural disasters; and the effect of competitive pressures from other golf course acquirors and other golf course lessors. Because of the foregoing factors, the actual results achieved by the Company in the future may differ materially from the expected results described in the forward-looking statements. THE GOLF INDUSTRY The Company believes the United States golf industry is entering a period of significant growth. This belief is based, in part, on the fact that people over the age of 50 play more golf than younger people, and the expectation that over the next several years the number of people age 50 and older will increase significantly as the "baby boomers" age. See "-- Demographics." The Company expects that the aging population will contribute to an increase in the number of rounds played and Gross Golf Revenues at the Golf Courses and any golf courses subsequently acquired by the Company. Golf course ownership in the United States is highly fragmented. There are approximately 15,700 golf courses (approximately 12,900 eighteen-hole equivalents) in the United States that the Company believes are owned by approximately 13,000 different entities. The Company believes there are relatively few owners of more than one course. The Company believes that the 15 largest golf course owners in the United States collectively own fewer than 5% of the total number of golf courses and that fewer than 10 golf course owners own more than 10 golf courses. The Company believes that this fragmented ownership provides it with an excellent opportunity for consolidation of the ownership of upscale golf courses. The Company believes the current fragmentation of golf course ownership resulted from a variety of factors, including a scarcity of capital, the entrepreneurial nature of many golf course owners and operators and their associated pride of ownership. The Company believes that the economies of scale in owning and operating multiple golf courses, the growing significance of professional financial management in the operation of golf courses and the desire for liquidity by golf course owners could lead to consolidation of golf course ownership. In particular, the Company believes golf course owners will be attracted to the Company's multiple independent lessee structure, which permits the Company to acquire a course and then lease it back to an affiliate of the seller. Such structure satisfies the owner's desire to remain involved in the day-to-day operation of his course, while also satisfying his desire to obtain liquidity. The Company further believes its ability to issue OP Units in exchange for a golf course will attract potential sellers, who generally can defer recognition of taxable gain on the exchange until they exercise their Redemption Right. By offering golf course owners the tax planning benefit of OP Units and the economic benefit of participating in the independent lessee structure, including resulting economies of scale in operating golf courses, the Company believes it is able to acquire desirable upscale courses that may not otherwise be available for purchase. See "The Company -- Business Strategies and Objectives -- Acquisitions and Expansions." Largely in response to the popularity of golf, the construction of golf courses in the United States has increased significantly in recent years. New golf course openings from the mid-1970's through 1987 averaged approximately 150 golf courses per year. For the period 1987 through 1996 an average of approximately 240 new golf courses were opened each year, with a high of 336 new golf course openings in 1995. The emergence and popularity of younger professional golfers, including Tiger Woods, Justin Leonard, Phil Mickelson and Karrie Webb, have increased awareness and interest in golf. According to industry statistics, 55
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19.4 million homes watched the final round of the four major golf championships in 1996. In 1997, television viewership of the final four rounds of the four major golf championships increased 56 percent to 30.3 million. The Company believes this resurgent interest will result in increasing golf participation, including increasing participation by women and younger golfers. The golf industry generated approximately $15 billion in revenues in the United States in 1996. The Company believes the game of golf has exhibited strong growth in popularity in the past 16 years as illustrated below: · Enlarge/Download Table 1980 1996 % CHANGE --------- --------- ------------- (MILLIONS) Number of golfers................................................... 15.0 24.7 65% Rounds played....................................................... 358 477 33% The following table illustrates the growth in demand in the United States at Daily Fee and private country clubs, as compared to municipal courses, which tend to be of lesser quality. · Enlarge/Download Table ROUNDS PLAYED (IN MILLIONS) ------------------------------------------ 1986 1996 PERCENT CHANGE -------------------- -------------------- ----------------- Daily Fee................................ 156.4 38.9% 192.4 40.3% 23.0% Municipal................................ 110.4 27.5% 121.3 25.4% 9.9% Private.................................. 135.1 33.6% 163.7 34.3% 21.2% --------- --------- --------- --------- --- Total.................................... 401.9 100.0% 477.4 100.0% 18.8% The Company believes that upscale Daily Fee courses (including Resort Courses), similar to those owned and targeted by the Company, are well situated to take advantage of the changing demographics. As shown below, in recent years the top 5% of Daily Fee golf courses have been able to increase weekend green fees by an annual rate in excess of 10% from 1993 to 1995. · Enlarge/Download Table DAILY FEE GREEN FEES -- WEEKEND ------------------------ PERCENT ANNUAL 1993 1995 CHANGE CHANGE --- --- ----------- ----------- Median....................................................... $ 18 $ 21 16.7% 8.0% Top 25%...................................................... $ 25 $ 30 20.0% 9.5% Top 5%....................................................... $ 53 $ 65 22.6% 10.7% DEMOGRAPHICS. Additionally, the Company believes the game of golf will benefit from favorable demographic trends. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population age 50 and over will increase by 39% between 1996 and 2010, from 69.3 million to 96.3 million. The average number of rounds played per golfer on an annual basis increases significantly as the golfer ages. Golfers in their 50's play nearly twice as many rounds annually as golfers in their 30's, and golfers age 65 and older generally play three times as many rounds annually as golfers in their 30's. The Company believes that the number of golfers as well as the total number of rounds played will increase significantly as the average age of the population continues to increase. The Company believes that "baby boomers," the oldest of whom are now in their early 50's, will contribute to the growth in total rounds played due to growing wealth and leisure time as well as the suitability of golf as a sport for an aging population. Since 1991, the number of senior golfers (golfers age 50 and over) has grown 16%, or by nearly 1 million golfers. 56
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The following graph sets forth the difference in age dispersion in the United States between 1996 and 2010 and the effect on the number of golf rounds played as an individual ages. DEMOGRAPHICS Columns Represent Average Annual Rounds/Golfer per Age Group Graph representing average annual rounds played by golfers and the golfers' age groups. The chart also shows the U.S. population by age groups 30-65. The graph shows that golfers generally play more rounds of golf as they get older and that, by 2010, there will be over one million more 50-year old Americans than there was in 1996. 57
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THE GOLF COURSES The Company believes that its acquisition of the 10 Initial Courses and its acquisitions since the IPO are consistent with its goal of becoming a leading owner of, and participating in increased revenue from, nationally or regionally recognized golf courses. The Company's Golf Courses consist of 19 upscale courses located in the mid-Atlantic, southeastern, midwestern and southwestern United States. Four of the Golf Courses were ranked among the Top Ten New Courses by either GOLF DIGEST or GOLF MAGAZINE in the year opened, including Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent, each of which was named the Best New Upscale Course by GOLF DIGEST in 1996 and 1997, respectively, and Oyster Bay, which was named Best New Resort Course in the United States in 1983 by GOLF DIGEST. The Copperhead Course at the Innisbrook Resort was ranked 43rd in the 1996 survey by GOLF MAGAZINE of the "Top 100 Courses You Can Play" and the Island Course at the Innisbrook Resort was rated by GOLF DIGEST as one of the "Top 75 Resort Courses" in 1992. Heritage Golf Club was ranked in the Top 50 Public Golf Courses by GOLF DIGEST in 1992. The Golf Courses include 17 upscale Daily Fee courses (including 10 Resort Courses) and two private country clubs. "Daily Fee" courses are open to the public and generate revenues principally through green fees, golf cart rentals, food and beverage operations, merchandise sales and driving range charges. "Resort Courses" are Daily Fee golf courses that attract a significant percentage of players from outside the immediate area in which the golf course is located and generate a significant amount of revenue from golf vacation packages. The Company considers its Daily Fee and Resort Courses to be high-end golf courses because of the quality and maintenance of each golf course. Private country clubs generally are closed to the public and derive revenues principally from membership dues, initiation fees, transfer fees, golf cart rentals, guest fees, food and beverage operations and merchandise sales. The Company believes that the overall quality of the Golf Courses is reflected in the green fees charged at each Golf Course, which significantly exceed national averages. The Company believes its focus on upscale Daily Fee golf courses and private country clubs, which attract golfers with attractive demographic and economic profiles, will result in stronger and less cyclical revenue growth in comparison to golf courses with lower green fees. Five of the Golf Courses are located in the Myrtle Beach, South Carolina vicinity, a popular year-round golf destination area. Myrtle Beach is considered one of the nation's premier golf resort locations with nearly 100 golf courses and approximately 3.9 million rounds played in 1996, according to the MYRTLE BEACH GOLF HOLIDAY-TM-. In addition to golf courses, Myrtle Beach offers a mix of entertainment, shopping and dining, as well as proximity to beaches. All of the Golf Courses located in the Myrtle Beach vicinity were developed and contributed to the Company by The Legends Group, a leading golf course owner, developer and operator in the southeast and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States controlled by The Legends Group. Five of the Golf Courses are located near Tampa, Florida. Of these, four are located at the Innisbrook Resort, a destination golf resort that includes one of the largest hotel and conference facilities in the state. The fifth course, Lost Oaks, is located near the Innisbrook Resort, and all five courses are near the the Gulf of Mexico. Additionally, the courses benefit from the millions of tourists annually that visit Disneyworld-TM-, Busch Gardens-TM- and other regional recreational attractions. Two of the Golf Courses are located in the Williamsburg, Virginia area and were opened in June and August, 1996. Williamsburg is a leading tourist destination and has a population of approximately 2.6 million within a 60 mile radius. Williamsburg is an emerging golf resort destination, as evidenced by the six new courses that have opened in the Williamsburg vicinity since 1995, including two of the Company's courses. In addition to golf, Williamsburg and the surrounding area offer shopping, dining, entertainment and historical attractions. Both of the Golf Courses located in Williamsburg were developed and contributed to the Company by The Legends Group. The Company owns a fee simple interest in each of the Golf Courses with the exception of Oyster Bay, which is subject to a long-term ground lease (with approximately 35 years remaining), and the four Golf Courses at the Innisbrook Resort, where the Company holds a first lien on the Golf Courses and all of the related facilities (other than the separately-owned condominium units comprising the hotel). The Company additionally holds an option to purchase the Innisbrook Resort and such facilities at the expiration of the Participating Mortgage for the lesser of its fair market value or a pre-determined number of shares of Common Stock. Certain unaudited information regarding each of the Golf Courses is set forth on the following page: 58
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THE GOLF COURSES · Enlarge/Download Table ROUNDS ------------------------- TWELVE MONTHS ENDED YARDAGE TYPE OF YEAR JUNE 30, NAME LOCATION (1) COURSE OPENED 1995 1996 1997 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------- --------- ------ ------ ------ --------- INITIAL COURSES: Heritage Club........................... Pawleys Island, SC 7,040 Resort 1986 55,094 52,382 52,889 Heathland............................... Myrtle Beach, SC 6,785 Resort 1990 49,312 50,294 50,937 Moorland................................ Myrtle Beach, SC 6,799 Resort 1990 49,590 51,102 51,754 Parkland................................ Myrtle Beach, SC 7,170 Resort 1992 46,564 47,331 48,437 Oyster Bay (6).......................... Sunset Beach, NC 6,685 Resort 1983 62,141 57,856 58,725 Woodlands............................... Gulf Shores, AL 6,584 Resort 1994 43,464 41,744 44,623 Providence Forge, Royal New Kent (7)...................... VA 7,291 Daily Fee 1996 -- 5,743 12,948 Stonehouse Golf Club (8)................ Williamsburg, VA 6,963 Daily Fee 1996 -- 5,686 16,762 Olde Atlanta............................ Atlanta, GA 6,789 Daily Fee 1993 41,195 41,053 44,485 Northgate Country Club (9).............. Houston, TX 6,540 Private 1984 46,600 45,400 46,268 SUBSEQUENT ACQUISITIONS: Tiburon Golf Club (10).................. Omaha, NE 7,005 Daily Fee 1989 56,496 53,160 60,644 Raintree Country Club................... Akron, OH 6,886 Daily Fee 1991 44,000 40,000 40,000 Eagle Watch............................. Atlanta, GA 6,896 Daily Fee 1989 36,484 36,322 40,126 Lost Oaks............................... Tampa, FL 6,500 Daily Fee 1975 40,072 52,760 67,708 Club of the Country..................... Kansas City, KS 6,412 Private 1979 15,747 17,575 19,093 Innisbrook Resort (6)(12)............... Tampa, FL 148,294 140,922 139,094 Copperhead............................ 7,087 Resort 1972 Island................................ 6,999 Resort 1970 Eagle's Watch (13).................... 6,245 Resort 1971 Hawk's Run (13)....................... 6,245 Resort 1971 Total ............................................................................................................. REVENUE PER PLAYER (2) GROSS GOLF REVENUE (3) ------------------------- ------------------------------------- TWELVE TWELVE MONTHS MONTHS ENDED ENDED JUNE 30, JUNE 30, INITIAL BASE NAME 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997 RENT (4) ---------------------------------------- ------ ------ --------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -------------- INITIAL COURSES: Heritage Club........................... $57.28 $59.96 $ 60.20 $ 3,156,000 $ 3,141,000 $ 3,184,000 $ 1,825,000 Heathland............................... 55.04 53.92 53.81 2,714,000 2,712,000 2,741,000 1,556,000(5) Moorland................................ 55.03 54.79 55.20 2,729,000 2,800,000 2,857,000 1,556,000(5) Parkland................................ 54.98 54.21 53.88 2,560,000 2,566,000 2,610,000 1,557,000(5) Oyster Bay (6).......................... 55.66 56.83 56.40 3,459,000 3,288,000 3,312,000 1,856,000 Woodlands............................... 32.88 34.86 37.02 1,429,000 1,455,000 1,650,000 679,000 Royal New Kent (7)...................... -- 60.60 64.26 -- 348,000 832,000 1,817,000 Stonehouse Golf Club (8)................ -- 60.50 67.65 -- 344,000 1,134,000 1,890,000 Olde Atlanta............................ 37.53 41.39 41.14 1,546,000 1,699,000 1,830,000 845,000 Northgate Country Club (9).............. 59.40 64.27 66.05 2,768,000 2,918,000 3,056,000 1,407,000 SUBSEQUENT ACQUISITIONS: Tiburon Golf Club (10).................. 21.33 23.19 21.37 1,205,000 1,233,000 1,296,000 682,000 Raintree Country Club................... 19.25 20.38 21.43 847,000 815,000 857,000 520,000 Eagle Watch............................. 38.67 39.23 38.03 1,411,000 1,425,000 1,526,000 703,000 Lost Oaks............................... 31.87 29.64 24.28 1,277,000 1,564,000 1,644,000 625,000(11) Club of the Country..................... 43.69 43.93 41.01 688,000 772,000 783,000 330,000 Innisbrook Resort (6)(12)............... 95.35 101.23 103.53 14,140,000 14,265,000 14,400,000 6,739,000 Copperhead............................ Island................................ Eagle's Watch (13).................... Hawk's Run (13)....................... ----------- ----------- ----------- -------------- Total .............................. $39,909,000 $41,345,000 $43,712,000 $24,587,000 ----------- ----------- ----------- -------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -------------- (FOOTNOTES ON FOLLOWING PAGE) 59
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--------------- (1) Yardage is calculated from the championship tees. (2) "Revenue Per Player" is calculated by dividing Gross Golf Revenue at the applicable Golf Course by the number of rounds played at the applicable Golf Course. (3) Gross Golf Revenue is defined as all revenues from a golf course, including green fees, golf cart rentals, range fees, membership dues, member initiation fees and transfer fees, but excluding food and beverage and merchandise revenue. In the case of the Innisbrook Resort the amounts shown in the table include all revenue at the Innisbrook Resort, including golf and hotel revenue, and food, beverage and merchandise sales, but exclude various taxes and net of rental payments to individual condominium owners. (4) In addition to Base Rent, Participating Rent may be payable by the Lessees and Participating Interest may be payable by the Innisbrook Resort Owner. Participating Rent is calculated based on increases in the Gross Golf Revenue from a base year (1996 in the case of the Initial Courses), as adjusted. For the Innisbrook Resort, Base Rent shown corresponds to the Base Interest payment. (5) Heathland, Moorland and Parkland are subject to a single Participating Lease and the Base Rent is equally allocated among these Golf Courses. (6) The Company acquired or has a contract to acquire the fee simple interest in each of the Golf Courses except Oyster Bay, which is subject to a long-term ground lease with a lessor not affiliated with the Prior Owner thereof, and the Innisbrook Resort, which serves as collateral under the Participating Mortgage. (7) Opened in August 1996. (8) Opened in June 1996. (9) The Company has agreed to fund up to $3.0 million to construct an additional nine holes located on land adjacent to this Golf Course. The Company expects to acquire, upon completion, the additional nine holes. Amounts shown for Northgate Country Club are for its fiscal year ended December 20, or the twelve months ended June 30, as applicable. (10) Tiburon Golf Club consists of 27 holes. Eighteen holes were built in 1989 with an additional nine holes built in 1994. With the exception of Initial Base Rent, numbers are 18-hole equivalents. Yardage and year opened is for the White/Blue course. (11) The Company has agreed to fund up to $1.25 million to pay for additional improvements at the Lost Oaks course. If this amount is fully advanced, the Base Rent will be increased to $740,930. (12) The Company has a participating mortgage interest in the Innisbrook Resort. The facility currently has 63 holes with an additional nine holes under construction. Under the terms of the Participating Mortgage, the Company initially funded $69.975 million and has agreed to fund an additional $9 million to fund certain improvements at the Innisbrook Resort, including the construction of the additional nine holes. Upon funding of the entire $9 million, the Base Interest will be increased to approximately $7.6 million. (13) Eagle's Watch and Hawk's Run currently comprise the 27-hole Sandpiper course at the Innisbrook Resort. An additional nine holes are under construction, which is scheduled for completion in 1998. Yardage shown reflects 18-hole equivalents for Sandpiper. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE GOLF COURSES Set forth below are brief descriptions of each of the Golf Courses. Unless otherwise noted, the Company owns fee title to the Golf Courses, free and clear of any material liens. RESORT COURSES Resort Courses are Daily Fee golf courses that draw a high percentage of players from outside the immediate area in which the course is located and generate a significant amount of revenue from golf vacation packages. Some Resort Courses are semi-private, in that they offer membership packages that allow members special privileges at the golf course, but also allow public play. HEATHLAND -- MYRTLE BEACH, SOUTH CAROLINA Heathland, a Resort Course developed and currently managed by The Legends Group, opened in 1990 and was named by GOLF MAGAZINE as one of the United States' Top 10 New Courses that year. The Heathland course has been molded in the image of the British Isles links courses and most of its holes are without trees or vegetation, providing a spectacular visual presentation. Heathland is part of the Legends Resort that consists of a 42,000 square foot clubhouse on a 1,300 acre development, along with the Moorland and Parkland courses described below. This Scottish style resort includes various amenities such as a pub adorned with Scottish memorabilia and the sounds of Scottish bagpipes at sunset. Heathland was designed by Tom Doak. MOORLAND -- MYRTLE BEACH, SOUTH CAROLINA Moorland, a Resort Course developed and currently managed by The Legends Group, opened in 1990 and was named by GOLF DIGEST as one of the United States' Top 5 New Courses in 1990. Moorland is part of the 60
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Legends Resort and was designed by P.B. Dye. Moorland consists of large expanses of natural growth, sand and water that combine with undulations and bulkheaded areas to present a challenging "target style" course. PARKLAND -- MYRTLE BEACH, SOUTH CAROLINA Parkland, a Resort Course developed and currently managed by The Legends Group, opened in 1992 and is the latest golf course to be opened at the Legends Resort. Parkland demonstrates the diversity and beauty of the local natural terrain by its combination of tree-lined fairways, vast natural areas, deep-faced bunkers and massive multi-level greens. HERITAGE GOLF CLUB -- PAWLEYS ISLAND, SOUTH CAROLINA The Heritage Golf Club ("Heritage Club"), developed and currently managed by The Legends Group, was designed by Dan Maples. It opened in 1986 and was named to GOLF DIGEST'S Top 50 Public Courses in the United States in 1992. Heritage Club is a semi-private resort consisting of over 600 acres of giant magnolias and oaks, fresh water lakes and marshes. Heritage Club is built on the site of two plantations and retains an historic atmosphere with facilities designed in a traditional plantation architectural style, including the southern style Colonial Clubhouse. OYSTER BAY -- SUNSET BEACH, NORTH CAROLINA Oyster Bay, developed and currently managed by The Legends Group, opened in 1983 and was named by GOLF DIGEST as its Best New Resort Course in the United States in 1983 and was named to GOLF DIGEST'S Top 50 Public Courses in the United States in 1992. Oyster Bay currently is owned pursuant to a ground lease with a remaining term of 35 years. The ground lessor is not affiliated with either The Legends Group or the Company. Oyster Bay consists of several marsh-oriented holes, two island greens and strategic fresh water lakes. Over half of the holes are situated so that water hazards add an additional challenge. WOODLANDS -- GULF SHORES, ALABAMA Woodlands is a 6,600-yard par 72 course that opened in 1994. The course, featuring lakes, marshes and tree-lined fairways, was designed by Larry Nelson, former United States Open champion and two-time PGA Championship winner. It was developed and currently is managed by Bright's Creek Development, LLC. Gulf Shores, Alabama, located near the Florida panhandle, is an emerging golf course destination that includes 10 golf courses in the immediate area. Gulf Shores includes over 30 miles of white sand beaches and the historic Civil War outposts of Fort Morgan and Fort Gaines. Subject to certain conditions, the Company has agreed to acquire a clubhouse under construction at the course by the Lessee of Woodlands for the cost of construction, which cost must be approved in advance by the Company. See "The Company -- Business Strategies and Objectives -- Acquisitions and Expansions." The Company believes that upon its scheduled completion in October 1997, the clubhouse will permit the Lessee to attract more group and tournament play and also may support an increase in green fees. The Company has agreed to reconvey to the Prior Owner of Woodlands the land on which a portion of certain of the existing holes are located at such time as the Prior Owner is prepared to contribute comparable replacement golf holes at Woodlands to the Company. All costs associated with such exchange shall be paid for by the Prior Owner. COPPERHEAD COURSE -- TAMPA, FLORIDA Located within the 1,000-acre Innisbrook Resort, the Copperhead Course is over 7,000 yards, has undulating hills, extremely narrow fairways and very tall pine trees. GOLF DIGEST rated the Copperhead Course as the 5th "Best Public Course" in Florida in 1996 and as the 43rd best under the 1996 category of "Top 100 Courses You Can Play." 61
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ISLAND COURSE -- TAMPA, FLORIDA The Island Course, part of the Innisbrook Resort, has tight fairways, fast and undulating greens and water in play on a number of the holes. The golf course was ranked by GOLF DIGEST in the top 75 "Best Resort Courses" in the United States for 1992. HAWK'S RUN COURSE AND EAGLE'S WATCH COURSE -- TAMPA, FLORIDA The Hawk's Run and Eagle's Watch courses, part of the Innisbrook Resort, together currently consist of three sets of nine-holes known as the Sandpiper course that can be played in various 18-hole combinations. Upon the completion of an additional nine holes, which are presently under construction, there will be two complete 18-hole courses. Designed by Larry Packwood, both courses lie on hilly terrain featuring natural lakes and woodlands. At both courses, players meander around streams, lakes and sand bunkers. Play at Eagle's Watch and Hawk's Run is demanding because of their narrow fairways and small undulating greens. HIGH-END DAILY FEE COURSES The Company considers its Daily Fee courses to be high-end courses, reflected in the quality and maintenance standards of the golf courses, and the green fees, which are generally higher than other golf courses in their respective markets. Some high-end daily fee courses are semi-private, in that they offer membership packages but also allow public play. STONEHOUSE GOLF CLUB -- WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA Located within a 10,000 acre master planned community under development by a third party, Stonehouse Golf Club was developed and currently is managed by The Legends Group. It opened in June 1996 and was named by GOLF DIGEST as the Best New Upscale Course for 1996. Stonehouse Golf Club was designed by Mike Strantz (formerly an understudy of Tom Fazio) and constructed in a densely forested area that includes tall hardwood trees and deep ravines. One of the holes at Stonehouse Golf Club features a spring-fed waterfall behind the green while another requires players to hit over a wide, plunging ravine to a green on a cliff-like setting. Stonehouse Golf Club features large greens and wide fairways despite the nearby trees. Consistent with the original purchase agreement, the Lessee of this Golf Course has commenced construction of a 6,600 square foot clubhouse at the Golf Course at no cost to the Company. See "Risk Factors -- Real Estate Investment Risks -- Illiquidity of Real Estate" and "-- Certain Matters Regarding Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent." ROYAL NEW KENT -- PROVIDENCE FORGE, VIRGINIA Opened in August 1996, Royal New Kent was named by GOLF DIGEST as the Best New Upscale Course for 1997. It is located within a third party owned master planned community outside Williamsburg, Virginia, Royal New Kent was developed and is currently managed by The Legends Group. Royal New Kent is located adjacent to Colonial Downs, which opened in September 1997 and currently is the only pari-mutual horse racing facility in Virginia. Royal New Kent also was designed by Mike Strantz and includes five sets of tees, including the "Invicta" (Latin for "unconquerable") tees to accommodate the nearly 7,300 yards of the course. Royal New Kent was fashioned after traditional links-style Irish courses. Consistent with the original purchase agreement, the Lessee of this Golf Course has commenced construction of a 7,700 square foot clubhouse at the Golf Course at no cost to the Company. See "Risk Factors -- Real Estate Investment Risks -- Illiquidity of Real Estate" and "-- Certain Matters Regarding Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent." 62
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OLDE ATLANTA GOLF CLUB -- ATLANTA, GEORGIA Olde Atlanta Golf Club ("Olde Atlanta") is open for public play as well as for member play. Olde Atlanta was designed by Arthur Hills. It is located in Suwanee, Georgia (a northeast Atlanta suburb), in the foothills of north Georgia, and is situated within a 594 acre master planned community consisting of 645 homesites. This geographic setting allows for multiple changes in terrain and elevation throughout the course. Olde Atlanta's course layout includes three lakes, clustered mounds, grass and sand bunkers and grassy hollows. Olde Atlanta's facilities include a 6,000 square foot clubhouse, which includes a pro shop and a dining room that can seat up to 100 persons. Olde Atlanta is managed by The Crescent Company. TIBURON GOLF CLUB -- OMAHA, NEBRASKA Tiburon has three nine hole courses that are played as three 18-hole combinations. The courses are characterized by rolling fairways with mounds, berms and greenside bunkers. Two lakes come into play on the courses. RAINTREE COUNTRY CLUB -- AKRON, OHIO Raintree, located near Akron, Ohio, was cut out of a wooded area and consequently has some narrow fairways demanding precision shots. Water hazards come into play on seven of the holes. EAGLE WATCH GOLF CLUB -- ATLANTA, GEORGIA Eagle Watch is an 18-hole course designed by Arnold Palmer on rolling hills cut out of the Georgia forest. The course is tight with tree-lined fairways lining many of the holes. A number of ponds and lakes come into play. Routing of the course capitalizes on the beauty of the existing natural features, creating spectacular scenic views and elevation changes of up to 60 feet on some holes. The course also includes a 12,000 square foot, two-level clubhouse. LOST OAKS GOLF COURSE -- TAMPA, FLORIDA Lost Oaks is located near the Innisbrook Resort in Palm Harbor, Florida. Wildlife often wanders onto the course, and alligators can be seen at a safe distance. Lost Oaks is leased to an affiliate of Starwood. The Company has agreed to fund certain improvements at Lost Oaks in an amount not to exceed $1.25 million in exchange for an increased Lease Payment. PRIVATE CLUB COURSES Private clubs are generally closed to the public and generate revenue principally through initiation fees and membership dues, golf cart rentals and guest green fees. Initiation fees and membership dues are determined according to the particular market segment in which the club operates. Revenue and cash flows of private country clubs generally are more stable and predictable than those of public courses because the receipt of membership dues generally is independent of the level of course utilization. NORTHGATE COUNTRY CLUB -- HOUSTON, TEXAS Northgate Country Club is a full service upscale country club with a championship golf course designed by Robert von Haggie and Bruce Devlin, which opened in 1984. An additional nine holes are expected to open at the course in 1998. The Company has agreed to fund up to $3.0 million to construct an additional nine holes located on land adjacent to the existing Golf Course. The Company's loan is secured by a first lien on the property where the new nine holes is being constructed and the loan is cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized with the existing lease at Northgate. The loan bears interest at 10.47% per annum and is payable monthly in arrears. The Company has agreed to acquire such additional holes, subject to certain conditions. See "The 63
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Company -- Acquisitions and Expansions -- Expansions." The Golf Course is located in a forested area north of Houston within a 440 acre high-end master planned community. Northgate recently completed the construction of a tennis center building, which includes a restaurant cafe. The improvements provide Northgate greater utilization of its facilities, which the Company believes have produced a sustainable increase in new membership sales. The adjacent country club community of Northgate Forest presently comprises 177 developed homesites with completed homes situated on 83 of these homesites. It is anticipated that 128 more homesites will be developed with approximately 80% of these new homesites to be situated on the additional nine-hole expansion referred to above, which is expected to provide Northgate with a sustainable source of future members. CLUB OF THE COUNTRY -- KANSAS CITY, KANSAS Club of the Country is an 18-hole course located approximately 20 miles south of the Kansas City metropolitan area, in Louisburg, Kansas. Club of the Country is noted for its outstanding greens and playability. Club of the Country combines the serenity of a wooded countryside, meandering creeks and rolling hills with the challenge of 18 holes of championship golf. The following table sets forth certain information regarding the Golf Courses. THE GOLF COURSES -- RESORT COURSES · Enlarge/Download Table FACILITIES AND SERVICES ----------------------------------------- NO. OF YEAR PRACTICE CART FOOD & COURSE NAME CITY, STATE HOLES YARDAGE OPENED FACILITIES RENTAL CLUBHOUSE BEVERAGE ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------ ------- ------ ---------- ------ --------- -------- Healthland.................... Myrtle Beach, South Carolina 18 6,785 1990 Yes Yes Yes Yes Parkland...................... Myrtle Beach, South Carolina 18 7,170 1992 Yes Yes Yes Yes Moorland...................... Myrtle Beach, South Carolina 18 6,799 1990 Yes Yes Yes Yes Heritage Golf Club............ Pawleys Island, South Carolina 18 7,040 1986 Yes Yes Yes Yes Oyster Bay.................... Sunset Beach, North Carolina 18 6,685 1983 Yes Yes Yes Yes Woodlands..................... Gulf Shores, Alabama 18 6,584 1994 Yes Yes Yes(1) Yes Copperhead Course............. Tampa, Florida 18 7,087 1972 Yes Yes Yes Yes Island Course................. Tampa, Florida 18 6,999 1970 Yes Yes Yes Yes Eagle's Watch (2)............. Tampa, Florida 18 6,245 1971 Yes Yes Yes Yes Hawk's Run (2)................ Tampa, Florida 18 6,245 1971 Yes Yes Yes Yes PRO COURSE NAME SHOP ------------------------------ ---- Healthland.................... Yes Parkland...................... Yes Moorland...................... Yes Heritage Golf Club............ Yes Oyster Bay.................... Yes Woodlands..................... Yes Copperhead Course............. Yes Island Course................. Yes Eagle's Watch (2)............. Yes Hawk's Run (2)................ Yes --------------- (1) Woodlands has a temporary clubhouse and a permanent facility is under construction. See "The Company -- Business Strategies and Objectives -- Acquisitions and Expansions --