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Golf Trust of America Inc · 424B3 · On 11/5/97

Filed On 11/5/97   ·   SEC File 333-36847   ·   Accession Number 1047469-97-2764

  in   Show  and 
  As Of               Filer                 Filing     On/For/As Docs:Pgs              Issuer               Agent

11/05/97  Golf Trust of America Inc         424B3                  1:268                                    Merrill Corp/New/- FA

Prospectus   ·   Rule 424(b)(3)
Filing Table of Contents

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: 424B3       Prospectus                                           268  1,571K 


Document Table of Contents

Page (sequential) | (alphabetic) Top
 
11st Page
"Common Stock
"Underwriting
4Prospectus Summary
"The Company
5Developments Since the Initial Public Offering
"Club of the Country
6Line of Credit
7Risk Factors
9The Golf Industry
10Demographics
11The Golf Courses
12Revenue Per Player
"Subsequent Acquisitions
14Business Strategies and Objectives
"Acquisitions and Expansions
"Acquisitions
15Expansions
16Internal Growth
"Participating Leases
"Participating Mortgage
"Lessee Performance Option
17Formation and Structure
18Operating Partnership
19Distribution Policy
"Tax Status
"The Offering
20Summary Financial Data
22The Legends Group
25Use of Adjustments and Projections in Establishing Lease Payments and Participating Mortgage Payments
"Dependence on Payments Under the Participating Leases and the Participating Mortgage; Difficulty of Finding Replacement Operators
26Duration of Lease; No Right to Terminate Participating Leases on a Sale
"Need for Certain Consents from the Limited Partners
"Lack of Control Over Day-to-Day Operations and Management of the Golf Courses
"The Participating Mortgage
27Golf Industry Risks
"Seasonality
28Dependence Upon Key Personnel
"Real Estate Investment Trust and Partnership Qualification
29Risks Relating to Construction Financing
"Certain Golf Courses with Limited Operating History
"Limited Operating History
"Adverse Effect of Shares Available for Future Issuance and Sale on Market Price of Common Stock
30Risks Related to the Company's Growth Strategy
31Risks of Leverage; No Limitations on Indebtedness
"Limits on Changes in Control
"Adverse Effect of Increase in Market Interest Rates
"Real Estate Investment Risks
"General
32Illiquidity of Real Estate
"Uninsured Losses
33Conflicts of Interest
"Competition for Management Time of the Operators
"Changes in Investment and Financing Policies
"Dependence on Acquisitions to Increase Cash Available for Distribution
34Distribution to Stockholders
"ERISA Risks
35Ownership Limit
"Anti-takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and the Company's Charter and Bylaws
"Preferred Stock
43Use of Proceeds
"Price Range of Common Stock and Distribution History
44Capitalization
45Selected Financial Information
47Legends Golf
50Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
"Overview
52Liquidity and Capital Resources of the Company
53Pro Forma Liquidity and Capital Resources of the Company
54The Legends Group Prior Owners
56Inflation
"Recent Accounting Pronouncements
57Changes in the Company's Certifying Public Accountant
"Important Factors Related to Forward-Looking Statements and Associated Risks
59Daily Fee
63Descriptions of the Golf Courses
"Resort Courses
65High-End Daily Fee Courses
66Private Club Courses
70Security Deposit
71Advisory Association
"Maintenance and Modifications
72Assignment and Subletting
"Lessee's Right of First Offer
76Purchase Option
"Fixed Interest Rate Escalation
77Westin Guaranty
"Reciprocal Right of First Offer
"Competition
"Employees
78Legal Proceedings
"Government Regulation
79Management
"Directors and Executive Officers
80Committees of the Board of Directors
"Audit Committee
81Compensation Committee
"Compensation of Directors
"Directors and Officers Insurance
"Indemnification
82Executive Compensation
83Stock-Based Compensation Plans
"Directors' Plan
84Stock Incentive Plans
"New Incentive Plan
"Original Incentive Plan
85Deferred Compensation Plan
"Employment Agreements
86Covenants Not to Compete
87Lessees and Operators
"Woodlands
88Northgate Country Club
89Policies and Objectives with Respect to Certain Activities
"Investment Objectives and Policies
"Dispositions
"Financing
90Working Capital Reserves
"Conflict of Interest Policies
"Charter and Bylaw Provisions
91Other Policies
"The Formation Transactions
93Benefits to Officers and Directors
94Transfer Documents
95Certain Relationships and Transactions
"Relationships Among Officers and Directors
"Acquisition of Interests in Certain of the Golf Courses
"Repayment of Indebtedness
"Option to Purchase and Right of First Refusal
96Partnership Agreement
"Transferability of OP Units
"Pledge
97Redemption Rights
"Capital Contribution
98Term
"Tax Matters
"Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
99Capital Stock
100Corporate Governance
"Restrictions on Ownership
102Limitations on Changes in Control
"Transfer Agent and Registrar
103Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of the Company's Charter and Bylaws
"Maryland Business Combination Law
"Limitation of Liability of Directors; Indemnification Agreements
104Control Share Acquisitions
105Interested Director Transactions
"Amendments to the Charter and Bylaws
106Shares Available for Future Sale
"Registration Rights
107Federal Income Tax Considerations
"Taxation of the Company
108Requirements for Qualification
109Income Tests
113Asset Tests
"Annual Distribution Requirements
114Partnership Anti-Abuse Rule
115Failure to Qualify
"Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders
116Backup Withholding
"Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
117Taxation of Foreign Stockholders
118State and Local Taxes
"Tax Aspects of the Operating Partnership
120Tax Allocations with Respect to the Golf Courses
123Experts
124Legal Matters
"Additional Information
125Glossary
139BDO Seidman, LLP
140Consolidated Balance Sheets
141Period from February 12 to June 30, 1997
147Other
153Legends Golf Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations
154Golf Legends
155Heritage Golf Club
165Notes to Combined Financial Statements
170Leases
176Combined Statements of Cash Flows
"Cash flows from investing activities
"Cash flows from financing activities
177Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
186Balance Sheets
187Statements of Income and Retained Earnings
188Statements of Cash Flows
191Notes to Financial Statements
209Statements of Operations and Members' Accumulated Deficit
211Construction-in-progress
222Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
226Coopers & Lybrand L.L.P
234Crowe, Chizek and Company LLP
236Statements of Income (Loss)
237Statements of Changes in Partners' Capital
243Other assets
244Statements of Operations
252Statements of Income
254Statements of Stockholders' Investment
"Total
257Financial Statements
259Accounts receivable
266Schedule III
267Schedule IV
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FILED PURSUANT TO RULE 424(B)(3) REGISTRATION NO. 333-36847 [LOGO] 3,000,000 SHARES COMMON STOCK Golf Trust of America, Inc. (collectively with its affiliates, the "Company") is a self-administered real estate investment trust ("REIT") formed to capitalize upon consolidation opportunities in the ownership of upscale golf courses throughout the United States. The Company currently holds a participating interest in 19 golf courses (the "Golf Courses") located in Florida (5), South Carolina (4), Georgia (2), Virginia (2), Alabama, Kansas, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio and Texas. The Company's goal is to increase Cash Available for Distribution per share and to enhance stockholder value by becoming a leading owner of, and participating in increased revenue from, nationally or regionally recognized golf courses. The Company's principal business strategy is to acquire upscale golf courses and thereafter lease the golf courses to qualified third party operators, including affiliates of the sellers. The Company holds its participating interest in the Golf Courses through an operating partnership (the "Operating Partnership"). As a result, the Company may acquire interests in golf courses through the issuance of units of limited partnership interest ("OP Units") in the Operating Partnership, which generally can provide deferral of gain recognition for sellers of golf courses. The Company believes it has a distinct competitive advantage in the acquisition of upscale golf courses, including those that might not otherwise be available for purchase, because of (i) its utilization of a multiple independent lessee structure, (ii) management's substantial industry knowledge, experience and relationships within the golf community, (iii) the Company's strategic alliances with prominent golf course operators and (iv) its ability to issue OP Units to golf course owners on a tax-deferred basis. All of the shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Common Stock"), offered hereby are being sold by the Company. The Common Stock is listed on the American Stock Exchange ("AMEX") under the symbol "GTA." On November 4, 1997, the last reported sale price of the Common Stock on the AMEX was $26.00 per share. See "Price Range of Common Stock and Distribution History." SEE "RISK FACTORS" COMMENCING ON PAGE 22 FOR CERTAIN FACTORS RELEVANT TO AN INVESTMENT IN THE COMMON STOCK, INCLUDING: - The Company's valuation of the Golf Courses and establishment of Lease Payments (as herein defined) and interest payments under the Participating Mortgage (as herein defined) may reflect significant adjustments to historical operations or estimates of future performance that, if not warranted, may result in non-payment of Lease Payments under a Participating Lease (as herein defined) or interest payments under the Participating Mortgage. Such estimates of future performance were particularly significant with respect to two recently-opened Golf Courses and the Participating Mortgage. - Dependence on Lease Payments and payments under the Participating Mortgage, which payments account for substantially all of the Company's income. - The length of the Participating Leases, which, with extensions, may have terms of up to 40 years, which may affect adversely the Company's ability to sell a Golf Course. - The Company's inability to sell all or substantially all of the assets of the Operating Partnership or to cause a merger or consolidation of the Operating Partnership without the consent of holders of 66.7% of the limited partnership interests. - The Company's limited control over the day-to-day management and operations of the Golf Courses due to the tax restrictions that prevent a REIT from operating golf courses. - Golf course operation risks in general, including competition, uninsured casualties, increases in operating costs, inclement weather, seasonality, oversupply and general decreases in demand. - The Company's dependence on the skill, industry knowledge and established relationships of its key personnel, all of whom would be difficult to replace. - Taxation of the Company as a regular corporation if it fails to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes and the resulting decrease in Cash Available for Distribution. - Risks associated with providing construction financing for golf courses. ---------------------- THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR HAS THE COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE. · Download Table UNDERWRITING PRICE TO DISCOUNTS AND PROCEEDS TO PUBLIC COMMISSIONS COMPANY (1) Per Share.......................... $25.625 $1.35 $24.275 Total (2).......................... $76,875,000 $4,050,000 $72,825,000 (1) Before deducting expenses payable by the Company, estimated at $1,000,000. (2) The Company has granted the Underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 450,000 shares of Common Stock solely to cover over-allotments, if any. See "Underwriting." If such option is exercised in full, the total Price to Public, Underwriting Discounts and Commissions and Proceeds to Company will be $88,406,250, $4,657,500 and $83,748,750, respectively. ---------------------- The Common Stock is offered by the Underwriters as stated herein, subject to receipt and acceptance by them and subject to their right to reject any order in whole or in part. It is expected that delivery of such shares will be made through the offices of BancAmerica Robertson Stephens, San Francisco, California on or about November 10, 1997. (On the inside front cover, there is a picture of the Island Golf Course in Tampa, Florida. There is also a color map of the United States showing the states where the Company's Golf Courses are located. These states are highlighted in green. There is also a breakout of each state with a numbered flag in the location of each Golf Course. There is a legend next to the map that lists each Golf Course with its corresponding number). BANCAMERICA ROBERTSON STEPHENS A.G. EDWARDS & SONS, INC. RAYMOND JAMES & ASSOCIATES, INC. WHEAT FIRST BUTCHER SINGER The date of this Prospectus is November 4, 1997
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IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING, THE UNDERWRITERS MAY OVER-ALLOT OR EFFECT TRANSACTIONS WHICH STABILIZE OR MAINTAIN THE MARKET PRICE OF THE COMMON STOCK AT A LEVEL ABOVE THAT WHICH MAY OTHERWISE PREVAIL IN THE OPEN MARKET. SUCH TRANSACTIONS MAY BE EFFECTED ON THE AMERICAN STOCK EXCHANGE, IN THE OVER-THE-COUNTER MARKET OR OTHERWISE. SUCH STABILIZATION, IF COMMENCED, MAY BE DISCONTINUED AT ANY TIME. CERTAIN INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS CONSTITUTES "FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS" WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "SECURITIES ACT"), AND SECTION 21E OF THE EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED (THE "EXCHANGE ACT"), WHICH CAN BE IDENTIFIED BY THE USE OF FORWARD-LOOKING TERMINOLOGY SUCH AS "MAY," "WILL," "ANTICIPATE," "ESTIMATE" OR "CONTINUE" OR THE NEGATIVES THEREOF OR VARIATIONS THEREON OR COMPARABLE TERMINOLOGY. THE SECTION ENTITLED "RISK FACTORS" HEREIN CONTAINS CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS IDENTIFYING IMPORTANT FACTORS, INCLUDING CERTAIN RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES, WITH RESPECT TO SUCH FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS THAT COULD CAUSE THE ACTUAL RESULTS, PERFORMANCE OR ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE COMPANY TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE REFLECTED IN SUCH FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. NO DEALER, SALES REPRESENTATIVE OR ANY OTHER PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS, AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATION MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY OR ANY UNDERWRITER. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL, OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY, ANY SECURITIES OTHER THAN THE REGISTERED SECURITIES TO WHICH IT RELATES OR AN OFFER TO, OR SOLICITATION OF, ANY PERSON IN ANY JURISDICTION WHERE SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION WOULD BE UNLAWFUL. NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS NOR ANY SALE MADE HEREUNDER SHALL, UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, CREATE ANY IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN THE AFFAIRS OF THE COMPANY SINCE THE DATE HEREOF OR THAT THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS CORRECT AS OF ANY TIME SUBSEQUENT TO THE DATE HEREOF. ------------------ TABLE OF CONTENTS · Download Table PAGE ----- PROSPECTUS SUMMARY....................... 1 The Company............................ 1 Developments Since the Initial Public Offering............................. 2 Risk Factors........................... 4 The Golf Industry...................... 6 The Golf Courses....................... 8 Business Strategies and Objectives..... 11 Formation and Structure................ 14 Distribution Policy.................... 16 Tax Status............................. 16 The Offering........................... 16 Summary Financial Data................. 17 RISK FACTORS............................. 22 Use of Adjustments and Projections in Establishing Lease Payments and Participating Mortgage Payments...... 22 Dependence on Payments Under the Participating Leases and the Participating Mortgage; Difficulty of Finding Replacement Operators........ 22 Duration of Lease; No Right to Terminate Participating Leases on a Sale................................. 23 Need for Certain Consents from the Limited Partners..................... 23 Lack of Control Over Day-to-Day Operations and Management of the Golf Courses.............................. 23 The Participating Mortgage............. 23 Golf Industry Risks.................... 24 Dependence Upon Key Personnel.......... 25 Real Estate Investment Trust and Partnership Qualification............ 25 Risks Relating to Construction Financing............................ 26 PAGE ----- Certain Golf Courses with Limited Operating History.................... 26 Limited Operating History.............. 26 Adverse Effect of Shares Available for Future Issuance and Sale on Market Price of Common Stock................ 26 Risks Related to the Company's Growth Strategy............................. 27 Risks of Leverage; No Limitations on Indebtedness......................... 28 Limits on Changes in Control........... 28 Adverse Effect of Increase in Market Interest Rates....................... 28 Real Estate Investment Risks........... 28 Conflicts of Interest.................. 30 Competition for Management Time of the Operators............................ 30 Changes in Investment and Financing Policies............................. 30 Dependence on Acquisitions to Increase Cash Available for Distribution...... 30 Distribution to Stockholders........... 31 ERISA Risks............................ 31 Ownership Limit........................ 32 Anti-takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and the Company's Charter and Bylaws......... 32 THE COMPANY.............................. 34 The Operating Partnership.............. 35 Business Strategies and Objectives..... 36 Acquisitions and Expansions............ 36 Internal Growth........................ 38 USE OF PROCEEDS.......................... 40 i
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· Download Table PAGE ----- PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK AND DISTRIBUTION HISTORY.................... 40 CAPITALIZATION........................... 41 SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION........... 42 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.............................. 47 Overview............................... 47 The Golf Courses....................... 47 Liquidity and Capital Resources of the Company.............................. 49 The Legends Group Prior Owners......... 51 Inflation.............................. 53 Seasonality............................ 53 Recent Accounting Pronouncements....... 53 Changes in the Company's Certifying Public Accountant.................... 54 Important Factors Related to Forward- Looking Statements and Associated Risks................................ 54 THE GOLF INDUSTRY........................ 55 Demographics........................... 57 THE GOLF COURSES......................... 58 Descriptions of the Golf Courses....... 60 Resort Courses......................... 60 High-End Daily Fee Courses............. 62 Private Club Courses................... 63 The Participating Leases............... 66 The Participating Mortgage............. 71 Competition............................ 74 Employees.............................. 74 Legal Proceedings...................... 75 Government Regulation.................. 75 MANAGEMENT............................... 76 Directors and Executive Officers....... 76 Committees of the Board of Directors... 77 Compensation of Directors.............. 78 Directors and Officers Insurance....... 78 Indemnification........................ 78 Executive Compensation................. 79 Stock-Based Compensation Plans......... 80 Directors' Plan........................ 80 Stock Incentive Plans.................. 81 Deferred Compensation Plan............. 82 Employment Agreements.................. 82 Covenants Not to Compete............... 83 LESSEES AND OPERATORS.................... 84 POLICIES AND OBJECTIVES WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN ACTIVITIES...................... 86 Investment Objectives and Policies..... 86 Dispositions........................... 86 Financing.............................. 86 Working Capital Reserves............... 87 Conflict of Interest Policies.......... 87 Other Policies......................... 88 THE FORMATION TRANSACTIONS............... 88 Overview............................... 88 Formation Transactions................. 89 Benefits to Officers and Directors..... 90 PAGE ----- Transfer Documents..................... 91 CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND TRANSACTIONS... 92 Relationships Among Officers and Directors............................ 92 Acquisition of Interests in Certain of the Golf Courses..................... 92 Repayment of Indebtedness.............. 92 Employment Agreements.................. 92 Option to Purchase and Right of First Refusal.............................. 92 PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT.................... 93 Management............................. 93 Transferability of OP Units............ 93 Pledge................................. 93 Redemption Rights...................... 94 Capital Contribution................... 94 Term................................... 95 Tax Matters............................ 95 SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT................... 95 Principal Stockholders of the Company & Principal Partners in the Operating Partnership.......................... 95 CAPITAL STOCK............................ 96 General................................ 96 Corporate Governance................... 97 Restrictions on Ownership.............. 97 Limitations on Changes in Control...... 99 Transfer Agent and Registrar........... 99 CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF THE COMPANY'S CHARTER AND BYLAWS........ 100 Maryland Business Combination Law...... 100 Limitation of Liability of Directors; Indemnification Agreements........... 100 Control Share Acquisitions............. 101 Interested Director Transactions....... 102 Amendments to the Charter and Bylaws... 102 SHARES AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE SALE......... 103 Registration Rights.................... 103 FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS........ 104 Taxation of the Company................ 104 Partnership Anti-Abuse Rule............ 111 Failure to Qualify..................... 112 Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders......................... 112 Backup Withholding..................... 113 Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders.... 113 Taxation of Foreign Stockholders....... 114 State and Local Taxes.................. 115 Tax Aspects of the Operating Partnership.......................... 115 UNDERWRITING............................. 119 EXPERTS.................................. 120 LEGAL MATTERS............................ 121 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION................... 121 GLOSSARY................................. 122 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS..................... F-1 ii
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY THE FOLLOWING SUMMARY IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY THE MORE DETAILED INFORMATION AND FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND STATEMENTS, AND THE NOTES THERETO, APPEARING ELSEWHERE IN THIS PROSPECTUS. UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED, ALL CALCULATIONS AND INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS ASSUME THAT THE UNDERWRITERS' OVER-ALLOTMENT OPTION WILL NOT BE EXERCISED. UNLESS THE CONTEXT OTHERWISE REQUIRES, THE TERM "COMPANY" INCLUDES GOLF TRUST OF AMERICA, INC. ("GTA"), GTA GP, INC. ("GTA GP"), GTA LP, INC. ("GTA LP"), EACH OF WHICH IS A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF GOLF TRUST OF AMERICA, INC., AND GOLF TRUST OF AMERICA, L.P., A DELAWARE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP (THE "OPERATING PARTNERSHIP"). AFTER GIVING EFFECT TO THIS OFFERING (THIS "OFFERING"), THE COMPANY WILL OWN A 60.8% INTEREST IN THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP. ALL REFERENCES TO THE COMPANY AS A REIT ASSUME THAT THE COMPANY WILL QUALIFY AS A REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST ("REIT") BEGINNING WITH THE TAX YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1997. SEE "GLOSSARY" FOR THE DEFINITIONS OF CERTAIN ADDITIONAL CAPITALIZED TERMS USED IN THIS PROSPECTUS. THE COMPANY Golf Trust of America, Inc. is a self-administered REIT formed to capitalize upon consolidation opportunities in the ownership of upscale golf courses throughout the United States. The Company currently holds a participating interest in 19 golf courses (the "Golf Courses"), 15 of which are owned and four of which serve as collateral for a 30-year participating mortgage loan made by the Company to the owner of the Innisbrook Resort (the "Participating Mortgage"). The Golf Courses are located in Florida (5) South Carolina (4), Georgia (2), Virginia (2), Alabama, Kansas, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio and Texas. The Company's goal is to increase Cash Available for Distribution (as herein defined) per share and to enhance stockholder value by becoming a leading owner of, and participating in increased revenue from, nationally or regionally recognized golf courses. The Company's principal business strategy is to acquire upscale golf courses and thereafter lease the golf courses to qualified third party operators, including affiliates of the sellers. The Company may acquire golf courses through the issuance of units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("OP Units"), which are redeemable for cash or, at the Company's option, shares of Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. When the Company acquires a golf course in exchange for OP Units, the golf course seller generally may defer tax recognition until such seller elects to cause the OP Units to be redeemed. The Company believes it has a distinct competitive advantage in the acquisition of upscale golf courses, including those that might not otherwise be available for purchase, because of (i) its utilization of the multiple independent lessee structure, (ii) management's substantial industry knowledge, experience and relationships within the golf community, (iii) the Company's strategic alliances with prominent golf course operators and (iv) its ability to issue OP Units to golf course owners on a tax-deferred basis. The Company is one of only two publicly-traded REITs in the United States focused on owning and acquiring golf courses. In February 1997, the Company raised net proceeds of approximately $73.0 million in its initial public offering (the "IPO") and acquired 10 Golf Courses (the "Initial Courses") from their prior owners (together with the prior owners of the Golf Courses acquired since the IPO, the "Prior Owners"). Each of the Initial Courses was leased back to an affiliate of its Prior Owner as described below. The Company believes the continuity of management provided by these experienced operators facilitates the Company's growth and profitability. Since the IPO, the Company has acquired an interest in an additional nine Golf Courses. See "Developments Since the Initial Public Offering." The Golf Courses are leased to multiple independent third party lessees (the "Lessees") pursuant to leases ("Participating Leases") which provide for payments ("Lease Payments") of fixed base rent ("Base Rent") and participating rent ("Participating Rent") based on growth in revenue at the Golf Courses. The interest payment under the Participating Mortgage is structured similarly to the rent payments under the Participating Leases to provide the Company with base interest payments and additional interest payments based on growth in revenue at the Innisbrook Resort. See "The Participating Mortgage." Neither the Company nor its executive officers 1
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owns any interest in, or participates in the management of, the Lessees or the Innisbrook Resort Owner (as herein defined). The Company believes the Initial Courses and its investments in Golf Courses since the IPO are consistent with its goal of becoming a leading owner of, and participating in increased revenue from, nationally or regionally recognized upscale golf courses. Five of the Golf Courses were ranked among the Top Ten New Courses by either GOLF DIGEST or GOLF MAGAZINE in the year the Golf Course opened, including Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent, each of which was named the "Best New Upscale Course" by GOLF DIGEST in 1996 and 1997, respectively, and Oyster Bay, which was named Best New Resort Course in the United States in 1983 by GOLF DIGEST. The Copperhead Course at the Innisbrook Resort was ranked 43rd in the 1996 survey by GOLF MAGAZINE of the "Top 100 Courses You Can Play" and the Island Course at the Innisbrook Resort was ranked as one of the "Top 75 Resort Courses" by GOLF DIGEST in 1992. Heritage Golf Club was ranked in the Top 50 Public Golf Courses by GOLF DIGEST in 1992. See "The Golf Courses." The Company believes that the quality of the Golf Courses is further reflected in the average green fees at the Golf Courses, which significantly exceed national industry averages. DEVELOPMENTS SINCE THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING GOLF COURSE INVESTMENTS Since its acquisition of the ten Initial Courses in February 1997, the Company has acquired interests in the following nine Golf Courses for total consideration of approximately $100 million. TIBURON GOLF CLUB. On August 18, 1997, the Company acquired the 27-hole Tiburon Golf Club ("Tiburon"), an upscale semi-private golf course in Omaha, Nebraska, for an aggregate price of $6.0 million, including the issuance of 21,429 shares of Common Stock (valued at approximately $600,000 on such date). Players can choose to play any two of the three nine-hole layouts at Tiburon for a total of three distinct 18-hole combinations. The courses at Tiburon are characterized by rolling fairways with mounds, berms and greenside bunkers. Tiburon is leased to an affiliate of Granite Golf Group, Inc., (together with its affiliates, "Granite Golf"). Granite Golf currently manages over 30 golf courses throughout the United States. RAINTREE COUNTRY CLUB. On September 2, 1997, the Company acquired the Raintree Country Club ("Raintree"), located near Akron, Ohio, for an aggregate price of $4.6 million, including the issuance of 121,529 OP Units (valued at approximately $3.4 million based on the price of the Common Stock on such date). This high-end daily fee golf course is located in a wooded area and has many narrow fairways demanding precision shots. Raintree is leased to its Prior Owner, who has continuously managed the course since its construction in 1991. EAGLE WATCH GOLF CLUB. On September 30, 1997, the Company acquired Eagle Watch Golf Club ("Eagle Watch"), located in Atlanta, Georgia, for an aggregate price of $6.4 million, including the issuance of 70,158 OP Units (valued at approximately $1.9 million based on the price of the Common Stock on such date). Eagle Watch is an 18-hole course designed by Arnold Palmer on rolling hills with tree-lined fairways and numerous lakes and ponds. The Prior Owner of Eagle Watch is an affiliate of the Prior Owner of Olde Atlanta Golf Club, a course that was acquired by the Company at the IPO. Eagle Watch is leased to an affiliate of the Lessee of Olde Atlanta Golf Club. LOST OAKS GOLF COURSE. On October 3, 1997, the Company acquired the Lost Oaks Golf Course ("Lost Oaks"), in Tampa, Florida located near the Innisbrook Resort, for approximately $5.9 million, including closing costs. Lost Oaks is leased to an affiliate of Starwood Capital Group, LLC (together with its affiliates, "Starwood"). The Company has agreed to fund certain improvements at Lost Oaks in an amount not to exceed $1.25 million in exchange for an increased Lease Payment. CLUB OF THE COUNTRY. On October 17, 1997, the Company acquired Club of the Country, a private country club located near Kansas City, Kansas, for an aggregate price of approximately $3.1 million, including the 2
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issuance of approximately 19,231 OP Units (valued at approximately $500,000 based on the price of the Common Stock on such date). Club of the Country, noted for its outstanding greens and playability, combines the serenity of a wooded countryside, meandering creeks and rolling hills with the challenge of 18 holes of championship golf. Club of the Country is leased to an affiliate of the Prior Owner and managed by an affiliate of Granite Golf. INNISBROOK RESORT. On June 20, 1997, the Company entered into and made an initial advance of $69.975 million under the $78.975 million Participating Mortgage to Golf Host Resorts, Inc. (the "Innisbrook Resort Owner"), an affiliate of Starwood. The loan is secured by a first lien on the Innisbrook Resort, located near Tampa, Florida, and all other assets of the Innisbrook Resort Owner. The Innisbrook Resort is a destination golf resort with 63 holes (plus an additional nine holes currently under construction) and was named by ESQUIRE as one of the top 10 resorts in North America. The four Golf Courses at the Innisbrook Resort are operated by Troon Management Company, LLC ("Troon Golf"), an affiliate of Starwood. The Innisbrook Resort also features one of the largest hotel and conference facilities in Florida, which facilities are operated by Westin Hotels & Resorts Company ("Westin") pursuant to a long-term management agreement. Westin has agreed to pay up to $2.5 million per year to the Innisbrook Resort Owner to supplement results of operations with respect to the operations at the Innisbrook Resort for up to five years (the "Westin Guaranty"). The Innisbrook Resort Owner used a portion of the proceeds of the Participating Mortgage to acquire from the Company 274,039 newly issued OP Units and 159,326 newly issued shares of Common Stock, representing an ownership interest in the Company of approximately 5.1% (3.7% after giving effect to this Offering). THIRD QUARTER RESULTS For the quarter ended September 30, 1997, the Company's total revenue was $6.1 million, net income was $1.6 million and net income per share was $0.39. For the period from February 12, 1997 (inception of operations) through September 30, 1997, the Company's total revenue was $12.1 million, net income was $3.6 million and net income per share was $0.84. LETTERS OF INTENT The Company has entered into three letters of intent to acquire a total of four golf courses for purchase prices totalling $25 million. In addition, the Company has recently submitted non-binding offers to acquire additional golf courses and is in various stages of discussions to acquire additional golf courses. The Company is in various stages of negotiation and due diligence review for each of these golf courses. Completion of these transactions is subject to negotiation and execution of definitive purchase and sale agreements, satisfactory completion of the Company's due diligence review and certain other customary closing conditions. No assurances can be given that the Company will continue to pursue or complete the acquisition of any of these golf courses. LINE OF CREDIT On June 20, 1997, the Company closed a two-year, $100 million secured revolving credit facility (the "Line of Credit") with a group of four commercial banks led by NationsBank, N.A. On September 24, 1997, the Company negotiated a reduction in the interest rate from LIBOR plus 2.0% to LIBOR plus 1.75%. Additionally, the Company has received a commitment to increase the Line of Credit, upon completion of this Offering, to $125 million and to convert it to an unsecured facility. The Company drew upon the Line of Credit to fund a portion of the Participating Mortgage as well as to fund the acquisitions of Tiburon, Raintree, Eagle Watch, Lost Oaks and Club of the Country. The Company intends to draw upon the Line of Credit, or any successor line of credit, to fund any future acquisitions of additional golf courses. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will close any future acquisitions or that the Company will continue to have access to sufficient debt and equity financing to allow it successfully to pursue its acquisition strategy. 3
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STRATEGIC AFFILIATIONS AFFILIATION WITH STARWOOD. Starwood, through its affiliates, operates the Golf Courses at the Innisbrook Resort and leases Lost Oaks. In addition, the golf and conference facilities of the Innisbrook Resort are owned by an affiliate of Starwood and the hotel and conference facilities are managed by Westin, an affiliate of Starwood. The Company believes Starwood, through its affiliates, is one of the United States' leading golf course management, development and consulting companies. Troon Golf has the exclusive right to operate golf courses at hotels owned by Westin. The Company believes that its existing relationship with Starwood, Westin and Troon Golf will provide the Company with additional acquisition opportunities throughout the United States. AFFILIATION WITH GRANITE GOLF. The Lessee of Tiburon is an affiliate of Granite Golf and an affiliate of Granite Golf manages Club of the Country. Granite Golf and its affiliates currently manage over 30 golf courses throughout the United States. Granite Golf identified the acquisition opportunity at Tiburon. The Company believes its affiliation with Granite Golf will provide the Company with additional acquisition opportunities. RISK FACTORS INVESTORS SHOULD CONSIDER CAREFULLY THE MATTERS DISCUSSED UNDER "RISK FACTORS" PRIOR TO MAKING AN INVESTMENT DECISION REGARDING THE COMMON STOCK OFFERED HEREBY. SUCH RISKS INCLUDE: - The Company generally values golf courses, and establishes Lease Payments and Participating Mortgage Payments based on selected adjustments to historical operating results or estimates of future performance which the Company believes are appropriate. These adjustments include projected increases in revenues from golf course operations and elimination of certain operating expenses. If such adjustments are not appropriate, or if estimates of future performance are not met, a Lessee or the Innisbrook Resort Owner may not be able to make its scheduled payments to the Company. Failure of a Lessee or the Innisbrook Resort Owner to make such a payment may result in a default under a Participating Lease or under the Participating Mortgage. This would have a material adverse effect on the Company. Estimates of future performance were particularly significant with respect to two recently-opened Virginia courses and the Innisbrook Resort. In addition, although the Westin Guaranty is designed to supplement results of operations at the Innisbrook Resort, it is for a limited period and limited amount and may be insufficient to ensure receipt by the Company of base interest under the Participating Mortgage. - Dependence on Lease Payments and payments under the Participating Mortgage, which payments account for substantially all of the Company's income. - The Participating Leases, with extensions, may have terms of up to 40 years, which could adversely affect the Company's ability to sell a Golf Course. - Even though the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, GTA GP, is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, the Company alone cannot cause the Operating Partnership to merge or consolidate or to sell all or substantially all of its assets under the Partnership Agreement (as herein defined). Such extraordinary transactions require the consent of the holders of at least 66.7% of the OP Units and, upon completion of this Offering, the Company will hold only 60.8% of such interests. - The REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Tax Code"), prevent the Company from operating Golf Courses. As a result, the Company must continue to find qualified independent lessees to lease and operate its courses, and the Company may not exercise control over such lessees' day-to-day management and operational decisions. - The Golf Courses are subject to risks affecting golf course operations generally, including competition, uninsured casualties, increases in operating costs, inclement weather, seasonality, oversupply and general decreases in demand, all of which could affect adversely a Golf Course operator's ability to make its scheduled payments to the Company. 4
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- The Company depends upon the skill, industry knowledge and established relationships of its key personnel, including W. Bradley Blair, II, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and President, David J. Dick, its Executive Vice President, and Scott D. Peters, its Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. The loss of such officers' services may affect adversely the Company's business results. - The Company will be taxed as a regular corporation if it fails to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, and the Operating Partnership will be treated as an association taxable as a regular corporation if it fails to qualify as a partnership, both of which would result in a reduction in Cash Available for Distribution. - The Company from time to time acquires newly developed golf courses and provides construction financing for expanding golf courses. In light of the limited operating history at such acquisitions and expansions, there is a risk that they will not perform at levels commensurate with the Company's expectations, which may affect adversely Cash Available for Distribution per share. - In light of the Company's limited operating history and management's limited experience operating a public company, operating a REIT and working together as a team, the Company may lack the experience necessary to implement its growth strategy. - Beginning in February 1998, 2,310,157 OP Units will become redeemable, at the option of their holders, for cash or, at the election of the Company, shares of Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. Such redemption could cause a substantial increase in the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding (of up to 32.3% after giving effect to this Offering). The increased number of outstanding shares, or the perception of such possibility, may cause the market price of the Common Stock to decline. - The Company competes with other well-established owners and operators to acquire a limited number of golf courses available for purchase. - Five of the Golf Courses are located in the Myrtle Beach, South Carolina vicinity and five of the Golf Courses are located in the Tampa, Florida area. Such geographic concentration leaves the Company vulnerable to local market shifts and natural disasters, either of which could affect adversely a Golf Course operator's ability to make its scheduled payments to the Company. - A substantial number of golf courses were opened in recent years, are currently under development or are planned for development. Such new supply may increase competition for golfers in the Company's markets and may affect adversely the number of rounds played at the Golf Courses. A decrease in the number of rounds played may affect adversely a Golf Course operator's ability to make its scheduled payments to the Company. - Stockholders face the risks normally associated with a company's use of debt financing and the fact that there is no charter limitation on the amount of debt the Company may incur. - The Company's Charter and Bylaws contain certain restrictions, including a limit on the extent of any one person's ownership of the outstanding Common Stock, intended to ensure the Company's compliance with certain requirements related to its qualification as a REIT. Such restrictions may inhibit a change in control of the Company even where such a change in control might be beneficial to the Company's stockholders. - Increases in the market rate of interest and other factors may affect adversely the trading price of the Common Stock. 5
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THE GOLF INDUSTRY UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED, REFERENCES HEREIN TO NATIONAL INDUSTRY STATISTICS AND AVERAGES ARE BASED ON REPORTS OF THE NATIONAL GOLF FOUNDATION ("NGF"), AN INDUSTRY TRADE ASSOCIATION NOT AFFILIATED WITH THE COMPANY. The Company believes the United States golf industry is entering a period of significant growth. This belief is based, in part, on the fact that people over the age of 50 play more golf than younger people, and the expectation that over the next several years the number of people age 50 and older will increase significantly as the "baby boomers" age. See "The Golf Industry -- Demographics." The Company expects that the aging population will contribute to an increase in the number of rounds played and Gross Golf Revenues (as herein defined) at the Golf Courses and any golf courses subsequently acquired by the Company. Golf course ownership in the United States is highly fragmented. There are approximately 15,700 golf courses (approximately 12,900 eighteen-hole equivalents) in the United States that the Company believes are owned by approximately 13,000 different entities. The Company believes there are relatively few owners of more than one course. The Company believes that the 15 largest golf course owners in the United States collectively own fewer than 5% of the total number of golf courses and that fewer than 10 golf course owners own more than 10 golf courses. The Company believes that this fragmented ownership provides it with an excellent opportunity for consolidation of the ownership of upscale golf courses. The Company believes the current fragmentation of golf course ownership resulted from a variety of factors, including a scarcity of capital, the entrepreneurial nature of many golf course owners and operators and their associated pride of ownership. The Company believes that the economies of scale in owning and operating multiple golf courses, the growing significance of professional financial management in the operation of golf courses and the desire for liquidity by golf course owners could lead to consolidation of golf course ownership. In particular, the Company believes golf course owners will be attracted to the Company's multiple independent lessee structure, which permits the Company to acquire a course and then lease it back to an affiliate of the seller. Such structure satisfies the owner's desire to remain involved in the day-to-day operation of his course, while also satisfying his desire to obtain liquidity. The Company further believes its ability to issue OP Units in exchange for a golf course will attract potential sellers, who generally can defer recognition of taxable gain on the exchange until they exercise their right to cause the Company to redeem the OP Units for cash (or Common Stock, at the Company's option) (their "Redemption Right"). By offering golf course owners the tax planning benefit of OP Units and the economic benefit of participating in the independent lessee structure, including resulting economies of scale in operating golf courses, the Company believes it is able to acquire desirable upscale courses that may not otherwise be available for purchase. See "The Company -- Business Strategies and Objectives -- Acquisitions and Expansions." Largely in response to the popularity of golf, the construction of golf courses in the United States has increased significantly in recent years. New golf course openings from the mid-1970's through 1987 averaged approximately 150 golf courses per year. For the period 1987 through 1996 an average of 279 new golf courses were opened each year, with a high of 336 new golf course openings in 1995. The emergence and popularity of younger professional golfers, including Tiger Woods, Justin Leonard, Phil Mickelson and Karrie Webb, have increased awareness and interest in golf. According to industry statistics, 19.4 million homes watched the final round of the four major golf championships in 1996. In 1997, television viewership of the final four rounds of the four major golf championships increased 56 percent to 30.3 million. The Company believes this resurgent interest will result in increasing golf participation, including increasing participation by women and younger golfers. 6
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The golf industry generated approximately $15 billion in revenues in the United States in 1996. The Company believes the game of golf has exhibited strong growth in popularity in the past 16 years as illustrated below: · Enlarge/Download Table 1980 1996 % CHANGE ---- ---- -------- (MILLIONS) Number of golfers............................................................... 15.0 24.7 65% Rounds played................................................................... 358 477 33% DEMOGRAPHICS. Additionally, the Company believes the game of golf will benefit from favorable demographic trends. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population age 50 and over will increase by 39% between 1996 and 2010, from 69.3 million to 96.3 million. The average number of rounds played per golfer on an annual basis increases significantly as the golfer ages. Golfers in their 50's play nearly twice as many rounds annually as golfers in their 30's, and golfers age 65 and older generally play three times as many rounds annually as golfers in their 30's. The Company believes that the number of golfers as well as the total number of rounds played will increase significantly as the average age of the population continues to increase. The Company believes that "baby boomers," the oldest of whom are now in their early 50's, will contribute to the growth in total rounds played due to growing wealth and leisure time as well as the suitability of golf as a sport for an aging population. Since 1991, the number of senior golfers (golfers age 50 and over) has grown 16%, or by nearly 1 million golfers. See "The Golf Industry -- Demographics." 7
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THE GOLF COURSES The Company believes that its acquisition of the 10 Initial Courses and its acquisitions since the IPO are consistent with its goal of becoming a leading owner of, and participating in increased revenue from, nationally or regionally recognized golf courses. The Company's Golf Courses consist of 19 upscale courses located in the mid-Atlantic, southeastern, midwestern and southwestern United States. Five of the Golf Courses were ranked among the Top Ten New Courses by either GOLF DIGEST or GOLF MAGAZINE in the year opened, including Stonehouse Golf Club and Royal New Kent, each of which was named the Best New Upscale Course by GOLF DIGEST in 1996 and 1997, respectively, and Oyster Bay, which was named Best New Resort Course in the United States in 1983 by GOLF DIGEST. The Copperhead Course at the Innisbrook Resort was ranked 43rd in the 1996 survey by GOLF MAGAZINE of the "Top 100 Courses You Can Play" and the Island Course at the Innisbrook Resort was rated by GOLF DIGEST as one of the "Top 75 Resort Courses" in 1992. Heritage Golf Club was ranked in the Top 50 Public Golf Courses by GOLF DIGEST in 1992. The Golf Courses include 17 upscale Daily Fee courses (including 10 Resort Courses) and two private clubs. "Daily Fee" courses are open to the public and generate revenues principally through green fees, golf cart rentals, food and beverage operations, merchandise sales and driving range charges. "