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As Of Filer Filing As/For/On Docs:Pgs Issuer Agent 3/15/04 Iac/Interactivecorp 10-K® 12/31/03 12:278 Merrill Corp/New/- FA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2004
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2003
INTERACTIVECORP
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Commission File No. 0-20570
| Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
59-2712887 (IRS Employer Identification No.) |
|
152 West 57th Street, New York, New York (Address of Registrant's principal executive offices) |
10019 (Zip Code) |
|
(212) 314-7300 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) |
||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $.01 par value
Warrants to Acquire One Share of Common Stock
Warrants to Acquire 1.93875 Shares of Common Stock
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes ý No o
As of February 4, 2004, the following shares of the Registrant's Common Stock were outstanding:
| Common Stock, including 424,223 shares of restricted stock | 632,264,244 | ||
| Class B Common Stock | 64,629,996 | ||
| Total | 696,894,240 | ||
The aggregate market value of the voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of February 4, 2004 was $15,401,858,012. For the purpose of the foregoing calculation only, all directors and executive officers of the Registrant are assumed to be affiliates of the Registrant.
Documents Incorporated By Reference:
Portions of the Registrant's proxy statement for its 2004 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III herein.
Item 1. Business
InterActiveCorp is a leading, multi-brand interactive commerce company committed to harnessing the power of interactivity to make people's lives easier, everywhere and everyday. IAC operates a diversified portfolio of specialized and global brands in the travel, home shopping, ticketing, personals, local services, financial services and real estate, and teleservices industries. IAC enables billions of dollars of consumer-direct transactions for products and services via the Internet, television and telephone. InterActiveCorp is referred to herein as either IAC or the Company.
IAC consists of the following segments:
For information regarding the results of operations of these segments, as well as their respective contributions to IAC's consolidated results of operations, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes.
IAC's operating businesses largely act as intermediaries between suppliers and consumers. We aggregate supply from a variety of sources and we capture consumer demand across a variety of channels. We strive to give our customers an outstanding shopping experience by offering a broad and unique selection of products and services at competitive prices, through convenient and informative websites built with state of the art technology, and by maintaining our commitment to quality customer service. We strive to deliver value to our supply partners by providing a cost-efficient means to reach a large number of consumers through multiple distribution channels, acquire new customers, target a variety of diverse market segments and help maximize inventory yields.
Since its inception, the Company has transformed itself from a hybrid media/electronic retailing company to an interactive commerce company. The Company was incorporated in July 1986 in Delaware under the name Silver King Broadcasting Company, Inc., or Silver King, as a subsidiary of Home Shopping Network, Inc. On December 28, 1992, Home Shopping Network, Inc. distributed the capital stock of Silver King to its stockholders. In December 1996, the Company completed mergers with Savoy Pictures Entertainment, Inc., or Savoy, and Home Shopping Network, Inc., with Savoy and Home Shopping Network becoming subsidiaries of Silver King. In connection with these mergers, the Company changed its name from Silver King Broadcasting Company, Inc. to HSN, Inc.
Believing that opportunities existed in scaleable, transaction-related businesses, the Company acquired a controlling interest in Ticketmaster in 1997 (and the remaining interest in 1998). In 1998, upon the purchase of USA Networks and Studios USA from Universal Studios, Inc., or Universal, the Company became USA Networks, Inc. As Ticketmaster migrated its business online at a rapid pace, the Company began to look for other similar opportunities, specifically, phone-based, information-intensive businesses that sell products and services while carrying little inventory risk. From 1999
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through 2001, the Company invested in Hotel Reservations Network (later renamed Hotels.com), Match.com and other smaller e-commerce companies. In 2001, the Company sold USA Broadcasting to Univision Communications, Inc.
Recognizing the potential in the online travel space, in February 2002, the Company acquired a controlling stake in Expedia. This transaction gave the Company significant scale in interactivity. In May 2002, after contributing its entertainment assets to a joint venture controlled by Vivendi Universal, S.A., or Vivendi, the Company was renamed USA Interactive.
In 2003, the Company acquired the minority interests in its formerly public subsidiaries, Expedia, Hotels.com, and Ticketmaster, and acquired a number of other companies, including LendingTree and Hotwire. The buy-ins greatly simplified the Company's corporate structure and completed its transformation to an interactive commerce company. The Company was renamed InterActiveCorp in June 2003.
For a more detailed discussion concerning certain of the transactions described below, see Notes 3 and 4 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
IAC Travel
Expedia
Hotels.com
Hotwire
Interval International®
Ticketing
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subsidiary of the Ticketmaster Group. Shares of Class B Common Stock of Ticketmaster Online-Citysearch were sold in an initial public offering completed on December 8, 1998.
Electronic Retailing
Personals
IAC Local Services
Financial Services and Real Estate
Teleservices
EQUITY OWNERSHIP AND VOTING CONTROL
As of February 4, 2004, Liberty Media Corporation, or Liberty, through companies owned by Liberty and companies owned jointly by Liberty and Mr. Diller, owned approximately 13.8% of IAC's outstanding Common Stock and approximately 79.2% of IAC's outstanding Class B Common Stock, and Vivendi, through its subsidiaries, owned approximately 6.8% of IAC's outstanding Common Stock and 20.8% of IAC's outstanding Class B Common Stock. Assuming conversion of all of the outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock to Common Stock, as of February 4, 2004, Liberty would have owned approximately 19.9% of IAC's outstanding Common Stock and Vivendi would have owned approximately 8.1% of IAC's outstanding Common Stock.
As of February 4, 2004, Mr. Diller (through companies owned jointly by Liberty and Mr. Diller, his own holdings and holdings of Vivendi and Liberty, over which Mr. Diller generally has voting control pursuant to a shareholders agreement described below) controlled approximately 59.7% of the outstanding total voting power of IAC. As of February 4, 2004, there were 632,264,244 shares of IAC Common Stock, 64,629,996 shares of IAC Class B Common Stock and 13,118,182 shares of IAC Preferred Stock outstanding.
Subject to the terms of the Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement, dated as of December 16, 2001, among Universal, Liberty, Barry Diller and Vivendi, Mr. Diller is effectively able to control the outcome of nearly all matters submitted to a vote or for the consent of IAC's stockholders (other than with respect to the election by the holders of IAC Common Stock of 25% of the members of IAC's Board of Directors and certain matters as to which a separate class vote of the
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holders of IAC Common Stock or IAC Preferred Stock is required under Delaware law). In addition, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Governance Agreement, dated as of December 16, 2001, among IAC, Vivendi, Universal, Liberty and Mr. Diller, each of Mr. Diller and Liberty generally has the right to consent to limited matters in the event that IAC's ratio of total debt to EBITDA, as defined therein, equals or exceeds four to one over a continuous 12-month period.
IAC Travel
IAC Travel, or IACT, includes the following businesses: Expedia, Hotels.com, Hotwire and Interval International®. IAC formed IACT in September 2003 upon finalizing its ownership of all of the outstanding equity of these businesses, with the exception of Hotwire, which was acquired in November 2003.
The primary goal of IACT management is to optimize the collective and individual performance of these businesses. Since its inception, IACT has strived to identify areas in which these businesses overlap and areas in which they are unique. Where they overlap, IACT seeks to integrate those areas to build on inherent synergies, develop a collective vision and maximize cost efficiencies. An example in this regard is the recent integration of the Expedia and Hotels.com market management teams. By having one team, IACT believes that these businesses will be able to more effectively interact with suppliers, who now have a single contact for both businesses, while at the same time be able to realize cost savings for their customers.
In those areas where the IACT businesses are unique, IACT seeks to promote and develop such differentiation to ensure that IACT offers services that cover the entire spectrum of travel services. An example in this regard is the broad range of potential trips that travelers consider every day, from simple and deeply discounted trips on the one hand to complex and more expensive trips on the other, and everything in between. IACT businesses cover this entire range, with Hotels.com and Hotwire generally offering simple and deeply discounted trips, and Classic Custom Vacations, Expedia's premier travel packages business, and Expedia Corporate Travel generally offering complex and more expensive trips. IACT businesses act as both an agent and a merchant of record in connection with transactions.
In 2003, IACT businesses enabled over $10 billion in travel services, making IACT the fifth largest travel company in the world. Below is a brief explanation of each IACT business.
Expedia is a leading online travel agency in the United States that offers travel services provided by numerous airlines and lodging properties, most major car rental companies and cruise lines and many multiple-destination service providers, such as restaurants, attractions and tour providers.
Expedia has developed a global travel marketplace in which travel suppliers can reach, in a highly efficient manner, a large audience of leisure and corporate customers, as well as travel agents, who are actively planning and purchasing travel. In that connection, Expedia offers travel services directly to consumers through its U.S.-based website, www.expedia.com, as well as through localized versions of its website (either alone or through joint ventures) in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Expedia also provides travel services through www.voyages-sncf.com, a joint venture with Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français (SNCF), the state-owned railway group in France, as well as through www.anyway.com, a leading online travel service in France, which was acquired by IAC in October 2003.
Expedia offers corporate travel services directly to businesses through Expedia Corporate Travel and premier travel packages through Classic Custom Vacations, or CCV, both through CCV's website, www.classicvacations.com, and CCV's network of travel agents. Expedia also provides travel services through telephone call centers, as well as private-label travel websites that it owns and operates through its WorldWide Travel Exchange business.
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Expedia has developed innovative, robust technology to power its marketplace. Expedia's Expert Searching and Pricing platform, or ESP, is an industry leading platform that includes two components: (1) a fare-searching engine that enables broader and deeper airline fare and schedule searches and (2) a common database platform that allows Expedia and its customers to bundle diverse types of travel services together dynamically, which further enhances Expedia's ability to cross-sell and package travel inventory. ESP has been an important contributor to Expedia's emergence as one of the largest online packagers of travel.
Through one of its subsidiaries, Expedia has also developed innovative technology that makes it possible for it to access the central reservation systems of its hotel partners directly, making it easier and more cost-effective for hotels to manage reservations made through Expedia's websites. Hotel reservations made by Expedia customers are now automatically confirmed in the respective systems of some hotels, and over the course of 2004, Expedia will work to increase the number of hotels that have the ability to upload inventory and rates directly from their central reservation systems into Expedia's database pursuant to this technology.
Hotels.com is a leading specialized provider of discount lodging reservation services worldwide, providing these services through its own websites, its toll-free call centers, and third-party marketing and distribution agreements, to travelers in hundreds of cities in North America, Europe, Asia, the Caribbean, South America, Africa and Australia.
Hotels.com markets its lodging accommodations primarily over the Internet through its own websites, including www.hotels.com, www.hoteldiscount.com and www.travelnow.com, its toll-free call centers and marketing and distribution agreements with thousands of third parties. Hotels.com has room supply relationships with a wide range of independent hotel operators and lodging properties, as well as hotels associated with several national chains.
Hotwire is a leading provider of "opaque" travel services, selling airline tickets, hotel accommodations, car rentals, vacation packages and cruises to consumers through its website, www.hotwire.com. "Opaque" travel services allow consumers to select travel services based on specific fare and rate information, without being provided with the identity of the ultimate travel provider until after they have completed their purchase. This "opaque" approach makes it possible for Hotwire to sell travel services at significant discounts.
Hotwire works with many domestic and international airlines, including all seven U.S. full-service major airlines, top hotels in hundreds of cities and resort destinations in the U.S., Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean and major car rental companies nationwide. Hotwire's "opaque" approach matches the needs of two groups: customers who can be flexible about their choice of airline, hotel and rental car company in order to save money and suppliers who have excess seats, rooms and cars they wish to fill.
Interval International®, or Interval, is a leading membership-services company providing timeshare exchange and other value-added programs to its timeshare-owning members and resort developers worldwide. As of December 31, 2003, Interval had established contractual affiliations with over 2,000 resorts located in 75 countries and provided timeshare exchange services to approximately 1.6 million timeshare owners. Interval's revenues are generated primarily from fees paid by members in connection with exchange transactions and membership fees.
Interval typically enters into multi-year contracts with developers of timeshare resorts, pursuant to which the developers agree to enroll all purchasers of timeshare accommodations at the applicable resort as members of Interval's network on an exclusive basis. In return, Interval provides the timeshare purchasers with the ability to exchange their timeshare accommodations for comparable accommodations at resorts participating in Interval's exchange network.
Interval uses advanced telecommunications systems and technologies to deliver exchange and membership services to its members through call centers and through its website,
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www.intervalworld.com. Interval also provides other products and services to its members, such as its Interval Gold premium membership, which provides members with hotel, dining and leisure discounts and concierge services, as well as comprehensive support services to its developers.
Electronic Retailing
HSN-U.S. HSN U.S. sells a variety of consumer goods and services through the HSN and America's Store television networks, as well as through HSN.com. The HSN and America's Store television networks, both of which broadcast live, customer-interactive electronic retail sales programming 24 hours a day, seven days a week, are transmitted via satellite to cable television systems, direct broadcast satellite systems, or DBS operators, affiliated broadcast television stations and satellite dish receivers.
HSN U.S.'s interactive electronic retail sales programming is intended to promote sales and customer loyalty through a combination of product quality, price and value, coupled with product information and entertainment. Programming on the HSN and America's Store television networks is divided into separately televised segments, each of which has a host who presents and conveys information regarding the merchandise, sometimes with the assistance of a representative from the product vendor. Viewers can purchase products by calling a toll-free telephone number or via the Internet at www.hsn.com.
Broadcast Reach. As of December 31, 2003, the HSN television network was available in approximately 81.1 million unduplicated television households, including approximately 80.5 million cable and DBS households. The following table highlights the changes in the estimated unduplicated television household reach of the HSN television network by category of access for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2003:
| |
Cable/DBS(1)(2) |
Broadcast(1)(3) |
Other(4) |
Total |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
(In thousands of households) |
|||||||
| Television Households—December 31, 2002 | 76,576 | 1,360 | 602 | 78,538 | ||||
| Net additions/(deletions) | 3,885 | (1,303 | ) | (68 | ) | 2,514 | ||
| Television Households—December 31, 2003 | 80,461 | 57 | 534 | 81,052 | ||||
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According to industry sources, as of December 31, 2002 and 2003, there were approximately 106.6 million and 108.4 million homes in the United States with a television set, respectively. Of these television households, there were approximately 74.4 million and 73.9 million cable television households, respectively, approximately 17.1 million and 18.6 million DBS households, respectively, and approximately 602,000 and 534,000 households with satellite dish receivers, respectively.
As of December 31, 2003, the America's Store television network reached approximately 10.4 million DBS households and approximately 7.1 million cable television households, of which approximately 3.5 million were distributed on a digital tier. Of the total cable television households receiving America's Store, approximately 6.9 million also receive HSN.
Cable Television Distribution. HSN U.S. has entered into multi-year affiliation agreements with cable operators to carry the HSN and/or America's Store television networks, as well as promote one or both networks by carrying related commercials and distributing related marketing materials to their subscriber bases. In exchange for these carriage and promotional efforts, HSN U.S. generally pays cable operators a commission based on a percentage of the net merchandise sales within their respective franchise areas and, generally, additional compensation in the form of the purchase of advertising time from cable operators on other programming networks, commission guarantees and/or upfront payments in exchange for commitments from cable operators to deliver a pre-determined number of HSN and/or America's Store subscribers over specified periods.
From time to time, pending the renewal of an existing affiliation agreement or the negotiation of a new affiliation agreement, the HSN and/or America's Store television networks will be carried by one or more cable operators without an effective affiliation agreement in place. The renewal and negotiation processes are typically protracted. While the cessation of carriage by a major cable operator or a significant number of smaller cable operators could have an adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of HSN U.S. and IAC, the Company has successfully managed the distribution agreement process in the past, and believes it will continue to do so.
Broadcast Television Distribution. HSN U.S. has entered into affiliation agreements with broadcast television stations to carry the HSN and/or America's Store television networks. Broadcast distribution agreements have terms ranging from several weeks to several years. In exchange for carriage, HSN U.S. pays broadcast television stations hourly or monthly fixed rates.
As noted in the Company's previous filings, in a series of closings in 2001 for which final payment was made on January 14, 2002, the Company transferred its interest in 13 owned and operated full power television stations (10 of which carried the HSN television network) and its minority interest in 4 other full power television stations (3 of which carried the HSN television network) to Univision Communications, Inc., or Univision. The majority of the owned and operated full power television stations sold to Univision are located in the largest markets in the country and broadcasted the HSN television network on a 24-hour basis. As of January 2002, HSN U.S. switched the distribution of the HSN television network in these markets directly to cable carriage. As a result, the HSN television network initially lost approximately 12 million broadcast homes. In order to effectively transfer HSN's distribution to cable, HSN U.S. incurred charges in 2002 and 2003 of approximately $31.8 and $22.0 million, respectively, in the form of payments to cable operators and related marketing expenses, including approximately $2.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of redemptions of coupons offered to customers impacted by disengagement. HSN U.S. expects that total disengagement expenses will be approximately $109 million, which payment will offset HSN U.S.'s pre-tax proceeds from the Univision transaction, which totaled $1.1 billion.
Direct Broadcast Satellite Distribution. HSN U.S. has entered into multi-year affiliation agreements with the two largest DBS operators in the United States to carry the HSN television network, as well as promote the network by carrying related commercials and distributing related marketing materials to
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their subscriber bases. In exchange for carriage, promotional and other efforts, including a commitment to deliver a pre-determined number of subscribers over specified periods, HSN U.S. pays these DBS operators an affiliation fee and a commission based on net merchandise sales to their respective subscriber bases. In July 2003, one of these DBS operators commenced distribution of the America's Store network on a full-time basis under the terms of a multi-year arrangement with IAC.
Satellite Transmission Uplink. HSN U.S. produces the HSN and America's Store television programming in its studios in St. Petersburg, Florida. HSN U.S. then distributes this programming to cable operators, broadcast television stations, DBS operators and/or satellite antenna owners by means of its satellite uplink facilities, which it owns and operates, to satellite transponders leased by HSN U.S.
HSN U.S. has lease agreements securing full-time use of two transponders on two domestic communications satellites. The terms of the two satellite transponder leases utilized by HSN U.S. are for the life of the satellites, which are projected through November 2004 for the satellite currently carrying HSN programming and through May 2005 for the satellite currently carrying America's Store programming. In 2002, HSN U.S. entered into a long-term satellite transponder lease to provide for the continued carriage of HSN programming on a replacement satellite, which replacement satellite is currently expected to be operational in the second quarter of 2004. HSN U.S. is in the process of securing a long-term satellite transponder lease to provide for the continued carriage of America's Store programming. Although HSN U.S. believes it is taking every reasonable measure to ensure its continued satellite transmission capability, there can be no assurances that termination or interruption of satellite transmissions will not occur. Any termination or interruption of service by one or both of these satellites could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of HSN U.S. and IAC.
The FCC grants licenses to construct and operate satellite uplink facilities that transmit signals to satellites. These licenses are generally issued without a hearing if suitable frequencies are available. HSN U.S. has been granted one license to operate C-band satellite transmission facilities and one license to operate KU-band satellite transmission facilities, in each case, on a permanent basis in Clearwater and St. Petersburg, Florida.
HSN.com. HSN U.S. operates HSN.com as a transactional e-commerce site. HSN.com serves as an alternative storefront that allows consumers to shop online for merchandise featured on the HSN and America's Store television networks. HSN.com also offers additional inventory that is not available through the HSN and America's Store television networks.
HSN.com offers specialized product shopping areas based on product categories, key brands, guest personalities and other areas of interest. HSN.com also offers editorial and informational content, such as photographs and information about HSN show hosts and guest personalities, tips for consumers on improving their lives, customer service and television programming information. In addition, HSN.com offers special features, such as streaming video of HSN television programming and live chats with celebrity guests, as well as special interactive features, such as personalized modeling for fashions.
HSN.com was profitable on an operating basis within three months of its launch in 1999 and has grown to become an important selling platform for HSN-U.S., generating approximately 14.2% of HSN-U.S. sales in 2003.
HSN International consists primarily of HSE-Germany and EUVÍA and also includes minority interests in home shopping businesses in Italy, China and Japan.
HSE-Germany. HSN International owns approximately 90% of HSE-Germany. HSE-Germany operates a German-language home shopping business that is broadcast 24 hours a day, seven days a week, in Germany, Austria and Switzerland and also generates sales on its own website.
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The rights of HSE-Germany to broadcast its home shopping programming are regulated by the German state media authorities in each of Germany's 16 states. HSE-Germany qualifies as a so-called "media service," or a broadcast service that generally sells products or services via television programming. As a "media service," HSE-Germany does not need a broadcasting license from the German state media authorities to broadcast its home shopping programming. However, in each German state, HSE-Germany is subject to a process under which the limited number of available analog cable channels is periodically reallocated among media services broadcasters. As a result, HSE-Germany generally must obtain the right to broadcast its programming in a given state on a given cable channel for approximately 18 to 24 months before it must again demonstrate to the applicable authority that it should be given the right to continue broadcasting over that state's cable networks. No assurances can be given that HSE-Germany will be able to maintain its existing rights to broadcast its programming over the cable networks of each of Germany's 16 states. The above process does not affect the possibility of broadcasting HSE-Germany's programming via satellite in Germany. In addition, once HSE-Germany has obtained the requisite broadcasting rights and approvals from the German state media authorities, it must then negotiate the broadcast of its programming with local cable operators based on economic terms and conditions.
As of December 31, 2003, HSE-Germany had approximately 19.1 million cable and 9.5 million satellite subscribers in Germany, approximately 853,000 cable and 1.1 million satellite subscribers in Austria and approximately 1.3 million cable and 220,000 satellite subscribers in Switzerland.
EUVÍA. HSN International owns, through a German subsidiary, 48.6% of EUVÍA, a German limited partnership that operates two television broadcasting businesses in Germany. ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG, the second largest German television group, owns 48.4% of EUVÍA. The remaining 3% of EUVÍA, over which HSN International also has voting control, is owned by EUVÍA's CEO.
EUVÍA operates 9Live, an interactive game and quiz show oriented television channel, and Sonnenklar, a travel-oriented television channel. EUVÍA sells package travel tours through Sonnenklar and its related website. 9Live is distributed throughout Germany via satellite, cable and terrestrial antenna, and as of December 31, 2003, it reached approximately 27.8 million households. Sonnenklar is distributed throughout Germany via digital and analogue satellites and cable, and as of December 31, 2003, reached approximately 24.3 million households.
EUVÍA's businesses are subject to regulation by the German media authorities and other authorities. EUVÍA's travel-oriented television channel, Sonnenklar, like HSE-Germany, must obtain and periodically maintain its rights to use cable channels in each of the 16 German states. In contrast, 9Live programming, which is considered television entertainment, requires the grant of a broadcasting license. 9Live's broadcasting license was recently extended to the year 2011 by the relevant German authority. For more information on relevant regulation under German law regarding 9Live, see "—Regulation—German Lottery Regulations." No assurances can be given that 9Live will be able to maintain its license to broadcast its programming in each of Germany's 16 states.
Other. HSN International also includes minority ownership interests in television shopping ventures in China, Japan and Italy. HSN International has a 21% minority stake in TVSN Asia Pacific Holdings Ltd., which owns a televised shopping business broadcasting in Mandarin Chinese from facilities in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. HSN International has a 30% minority stake in Jupiter Shop Channel Co. Ltd., a venture based in Tokyo, Japan, which broadcasts televised shopping 24 hours a day, of which 111 hours per week are devoted to live broadcasts. HSN International also has a 36% passive minority stake in Home Shopping Europe S.p.A, which owns a television shopping business broadcasting in Italian, through a German subsidiary.
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Ticketing
Ticketmaster and ticketmaster.com provide offline and online ticketing services via the Internet, telephone and retail outlets and serve many of the foremost venues, entertainment facilities, promoters and professional sports franchises in the United States and abroad, including in Canada, Denmark, Greece, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom. Ticketmaster has also entered into joint ventures with third parties to provide ticket distribution services in Australia, Mexico and various countries throughout South America.
Ticketmaster provides its domestic and international clients with comprehensive ticket inventory control and management, a broad distribution network and dedicated marketing and support services. Ticket orders are received and fulfilled through operator-staffed call centers, independent sales outlets remote to the facility box office and through the ticketmaster.com website, as well as other Ticketmaster owned websites such as Ticketweb.com, Admission.com, Museumtix.com and international versions of these websites. Ticketing revenue is generated principally from convenience charges and order processing fees received by Ticketmaster for tickets sold on its clients' behalf. Ticketmaster generally serves as an exclusive agent for its clients and typically assumes no financial risk for unsold tickets.
Ticketmaster sold approximately 100 million tickets in fiscal year 2003, generating revenues of approximately $743 million. Gross transaction value for fiscal year 2003 was approximately $4.9 billion.
Ticketmaster has continued to expand its ticketing operations into territories outside of the United States, and has experienced growth in these markets as the number of tickets sold has increased from approximately 23.7 million to approximately 26.1 million from fiscal year 2002 to fiscal year 2003 (excluding sales by unconsolidated international joint ventures), resulting in increased revenues from international ticket sales.
Ticketmaster also has expanded its ticket distribution capabilities through the continued development of the ticketmaster.com website and related international websites, which are designed to promote ticket sales for live events and disseminate event information. Ticketmaster has experienced growth in ticket sales through its websites in recent years and this trend is expected to continue during the next several fiscal years, although at a slower pace. As of December 31, 2003, online ticket sales through ticketmaster.com and related websites accounted for approximately one-half of Ticketmaster's ticketing business.
Ticketmaster believes that its proprietary operating system and software, which is referred to as the Ticketmaster System, and its extensive distribution capabilities provide it with benefits that enhance Ticketmaster's ability to attract new clients and maintain its existing client base. The Ticketmaster System, which includes both hardware and software, is typically located in a data center that is managed by Ticketmaster staff. The Ticketmaster System provides a single, centralized inventory control and management system capable of tracking total ticket inventory for all events, whether sales are made on a season, subscription, group or individual ticket basis. All necessary hardware and software required for the use of the Ticketmaster System is installed in a client's facility box office, call centers or remote sales outlets.
Ticketmaster provides the public with convenient access to tickets and information regarding live entertainment events. Ticket purchasers are assessed a convenience charge for each ticket sold outside of the venue box office by Ticketmaster on behalf of its clients. These charges are negotiated and included in Ticketmaster's contracts with its clients. The versatility of the Ticketmaster System allows it to be customized to satisfy a full range of client requirements.
Ticketmaster generally enters into written agreements with its clients pursuant to which it agrees to provide the Ticketmaster System and related systems purchased by the client, and to serve as the client's exclusive ticket sales agent for all sales of individual tickets sold to the general public outside of
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the facility's box office, including any tickets sold at remote sales outlets, over the phone or via the Internet, for a specified period, typically three to five years. Pursuant to an agreement with a facility, Ticketmaster generally is granted the right to sell tickets for all events presented at that facility, and as part of such arrangement Ticketmaster installs the necessary ticketing equipment in the facility's box office. An agreement with a promoter generally grants Ticketmaster the right to sell tickets for all events presented by that promoter at any facility, unless the facility is covered by an exclusive agreement with Ticketmaster or another automated ticketing service company.
Ticketmaster generally does not buy tickets from its clients for resale to the public and typically assumes no financial risk for unsold tickets. All ticket prices are determined by Ticketmaster's clients. Ticketmaster's clients also generally determine the scheduling of when tickets go on sale to the public and what tickets will be available for sale through Ticketmaster. Facilities and promoters, for example, often handle group sales and season tickets in-house. Ticketmaster only sells a portion of its clients' tickets, the amount of which varies from client to client and varies as to any single client from year to year.
Ticketmaster believes that the Ticketmaster System provides its clients with numerous benefits, including (1) broader and expedited distribution of tickets, (2) centralized control of total ticket inventory as well as accounting information and market research data, (3) centralized accountability for ticket proceeds, (4) manageable and predictable transaction costs, (5) wide dissemination of information about upcoming events through Ticketmaster's call centers and outlets, ticketmaster.com and other media platforms, (6) the ability quickly and easily to add additional performances if warranted by demand and (7) marketing and promotional support.
Pursuant to its contracts with clients, Ticketmaster is granted the right to collect from ticket purchasers a per ticket convenience charge on all tickets sold at remote sales outlets, by telephone, through ticketmaster.com and other media. There is an additional per order "order processing" fee on all tickets sold by Ticketmaster other than at remote sales outlets. Generally, the amount of the convenience charge is determined during the contract negotiation process, and typically varies based upon numerous factors, including the services to be rendered to the client, the amount and cost of equipment to be installed at the client's box office and the amount of advertising and/or promotional allowances to be provided, as well as the type of event and whether the ticket is purchased at a remote sales outlet, by telephone, through ticketmaster.com or otherwise. Any deviations from those amounts for any event are negotiated and agreed upon by Ticketmaster and its client prior to the commencement of ticket sales. Generally, the agreement between Ticketmaster and a client will also establish the amounts and frequency of any increases in the convenience charge and order processing fees during the term of the agreement.
The agreements with certain of Ticketmaster's clients may also provide for a client to participate in the convenience charges and/or order processing fees paid by ticket purchasers for tickets bought through Ticketmaster for that client's events. The amount of such participation, if any, is determined by negotiation between Ticketmaster and the client.
ticketmaster.com. Ticketmaster's primary online ticketing website, www.ticketmaster.com, is a leading online ticketing service. The service enables consumers to purchase tickets over the Web for live music, sports, arts and family entertainment events presented by Ticketmaster's clients. Consumers can access the service at ticketmaster.com, from the websites of Ticketmaster's affiliates, including Citysearch, and through numerous direct links from banners and event profiles hosted by approved third party websites. In addition to these services, the ticketmaster.com website and related international websites provide local information and original content regarding live events for Ticketmaster clients throughout the United States and abroad.
ReserveAmerica, a campground reservation services company, is a leading provider of outdoor recreation reservation services and software to United States federal and state agencies for camping
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activities, recreation ticketing and other access privileges to public land attractions. ReserveAmerica also offers its software and services to private campgrounds. The ReserveAmerica system permits the general public to make camping reservations and obtain access to public recreation attractions over the Internet, by telephone and in person. ReserveAmerica's websites, www.reserveamerica.com, www.reserveusa.com and www.bwcaw.org, service up to 400,000 visitors daily, and its four telephone call centers are located in New York, California, Florida and Wisconsin.
Personals
Personals consists primarily of Match.com, uDate.com and related brands. These services and their networks serviced approximately 939,000 subscribers as of December 31, 2003 and offer single adults a private and convenient environment for meeting other singles through their respective websites, as well as through Match.com's affiliated networks, which include the AOL and MSN internet portals.
Match.com provides users with access to other users' personal profiles and also enables a user interested in meeting another user to send e-mail messages to that user through Match.com's double-blind anonymous e-mail system. E-mail recipients respond depending on their interest in the sender. It is free to post a profile on Match.com and to use any of the searching and matching tools available on the site. Match.com charges a subscription fee to users who wish to initiate or respond to an e-mail from a Match.com member, starting with a single-month term, with discounts for longer term subscriptions.
Match.com has entered into partnerships and strategic alliances with third parties in order to increase subscriptions in general, as well as to target particular segments of its potential subscriber base. Typically, these partners earn a commission on each customer subscription they sell into the Match.com service.
In April 2002, IAC acquired Soulmates Technology Pty Ltd., or Soulmates, a global online personals group providing dating and matchmaking services in approximately 30 countries worldwide. Using the Soulmates technology platform, Match.com operates 28 localized international dating sites in more than 18 languages. As part of its continued expansion efforts, in April 2003, IAC acquired uDate.com, Inc., a global online personals group that owns and operates www.udate.com.
IAC Local Services
Citysearch is a network of local city guide websites that offer primarily original local content for major cities in the United States and abroad, as well as practical transactional tools. The city guides provide up-to-date, locally produced information about a given city's arts and entertainment events, bars and restaurants, recreation, community activities and businesses (shopping and professional services), real estate related information and travel information. In addition, Citysearch city guides support online local transactions, including ticketing, hotel reservations, travel and matchmaking through affiliations with leading e-commerce websites providing these products. Citysearch also features a comprehensive directory listing, similar to a yellow pages directory, of local businesses in over 3,000 zip codes in the United States.
Citysearch provides local, regional and national businesses with Web advertising options designed to reach growing local audiences. In 2003, Citysearch introduced a local Pay-for-Performance advertising model that provides local, regional and national businesses with the ability to invest in Web advertising in accordance with the amount of traffic each business receives. Under the local Pay-for Performance advertising model, businesses only pay for the number of click-throughs to their respective profile pages on the Citysearch website or their own websites, as opposed to paying for the placement or frequency of advertisements. These features of the local Pay-for-Performance advertising model make it possible for Citysearch to more closely tie the amount of advertising fees paid by businesses to the amount of traffic that these businesses receive than under prior advertising models. In addition,
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Citysearch completed its shift away from its prior focus on comprehensive website design and hosting through the sale of its existing website hosting business line.
Citysearch revenues are generated primarily through the sale of online advertising, both local and national, and to a smaller extent, transaction fees from affiliate partners. Local advertising revenues are derived primarily from the sale of Pay-For-Performance advertising products. Citysearch also derives revenues from self-enrollment enhanced listings in search results, in context advertising, targeted electronic mail promotions and targeted sponsorship packages.
EPI is a leading marketer of coupon books, discounts, merchant promotions and Sally Foster Gift Wrap®. IAC acquired EPI on March 25, 2003. EPI serves more than 160 major markets and does business with approximately 70,000 local merchants and national retailers representing 275,000 North American locations. EPI's Entertainment® Book contains discount offers from local and national restaurants and hotels, leading national retailers and other merchants specializing in leisure activities. Information regarding updated offerings is also available through EPI's website. A unique feature of the Entertainment® Book is that it is typically sold in connection with fund-raising events, with a percentage of the sale proceeds from these events retained by schools, community groups and other non-profit organizations.
Evite is primarily a free online invitation service. In addition to its invitation services, Evite offers reminder services, polling, electronic payment collection, photo sharing and maps. In 2003, Evite expanded its services to include user profiles and user supplied and locally relevant public events and activity listings. Evite now averages more than 7 million sent invitations per month. Evite revenues are principally derived from online advertising and transaction fees generated from sponsorship partners integrated throughout the Evite service.
Financial Services and Real Estate
Financial Services and Real Estate consists of LendingTree, which IAC acquired on August 8, 2003. LendingTree is a leading online exchange that connects consumers and service providers in the lending and real estates industries and offers services and products specifically designed to empower these parties throughout related process by striving to deliver convenience, choice and value. The LendingTree exchange consists of more than 200 banks, lenders and loan brokers and more than 650 real estate brokerages representing approximately 10,000 real estate agents.
LendingTree's loan services generate revenues from fees paid by lenders and loan brokers for the transmission by LendingTree of qualification forms that meet their underwriting criteria. Since a qualification form can be transmitted to more than one party, LendingTree may generate multiple transmission fees for the same form. LendingTree also generates revenues from fees paid by lenders and loan brokers for services provided in connection with loans, and by real estate brokers for purchases and sales, in each case, that they ultimately close with consumers who use LendingTree's services.
Teleservices
PRC offers an integration of teleservices, e-commerce customer care services, information technology, including database marketing and management, and fulfillment services as part of a one-stop solution, providing a cost-effective and efficient method for its domestic and international clients to manage their growing customer service and marketing needs. PRC has developed proprietary Customer Relationship Management (CRM) technology to support the customer service needs of its clients.
PRC's consumer care operations allow clients to establish and maintain direct communications with their customers. PRC is experienced with a wide range of companies in diversified industries,
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including travel, telecommunications, financial services, consumer goods and services, hospitality and energy, as well as Internet-focused industries. PRC believes that its experience, combined with superior training of representatives and leading-edge customer management technology, enables it to service consumer oriented industries in a highly effective manner.
PRC's primary source of revenue is its consumer care activities, which consist primarily of inbound (customer-initiated) and outbound teleservicing, as well as other activities, such as e-mail, fax, white-mail and online chat/IP telephony, all of which involve direct communication with consumers. The majority of PRC's revenues are derived from inbound teleservicing, which consists of longer-term customer care and customer service programs that tend to be more predictable than other teleservicing revenues.
PRC also offers a wide variety of information technology services, including the formulation, design and customization of teleservicing and electronic applications, programming and demographic profiling, in each case, on a customized basis. PRC has developed a specialized component-based development software strategy with related proprietary products for its teleservicing, e-commerce and fulfillment customer care services. PRC seeks to develop and maintain long-term relationships with its clients and targets those companies that have the potential for generating recurring revenues due to the magnitude of their customer service departments or marketing programs.
IAC's operating businesses market and provide a broad range of goods and services through a number of different distribution channels, including the Internet. As a result, IAC is subject to a wide variety of statutes, rules, regulations, policies and procedures, which are subject to change at anytime. The material statutes, rules, regulations, policies and procedures to which IAC is subject are summarized below. This summary is not a comprehensive description of all enacted or pending statutes, rules, regulations, policies and procedures to which IAC is or may be subject or that may otherwise affect IAC. This summary does not purport to be complete and should be read together with the complete texts of the relevant statute, rule, regulation, policy or procedure described herein.
Overview
Several of IAC's operating businesses sell products or services to consumers and/or businesses over the Internet. Currently, there are relatively few laws and regulations that specifically regulate, or apply to, the Internet and online commerce. However, other laws and regulations, such as consumer protection laws and regulations and industry-specific laws and regulations, among others, may apply equally to online and offline commerce.
Due to the growth of the Internet and online commerce, as well as concerns regarding Internet fraud, U.S. federal and state and international authorities are continually considering the adoption of legislation designed to regulate various aspects of the Internet and online commerce and prevent related fraud. New legislation applicable to the Internet and/or online commerce, or a change in the method of application of existing laws to the Internet and/or online commerce, could increase or decrease the attractiveness to consumers and businesses of purchasing goods and services on the Internet and could impose additional burdens on companies engaged in online commerce. Any developments of this nature could increase or decrease the demand for products and services offered by certain of IAC's operating businesses, or affect their cost of doing business.
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CAN-SPAM Act
In 2003, the United States federal government promulgated the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003, or the CAN-SPAM Act, which became effective on January 1, 2004 and pre-empts various state spam laws. The CAN-SPAM Act regulates the sending of unsolicited commercial electronic mail by requiring the sender to: (1) include an identifier that the message is an advertisement or solicitation if the recipient did not expressly agree to receive electronic mail messages from the sender, (2) provide the recipient with an online opportunity to decline to receive further commercial electronic mail messages from the sender and (3) list a valid physical postal address of the sender. The CAN-SPAM Act also prohibits predatory and abusive electronic mail practices and electronic mail with deceptive headings or subject lines.
European Union E-Mail Marketing Directive
On July 31, 2002, the European Union, or the EU, promulgated its E-Mail Marketing Directive, which provides that the prior explicit consent of a consumer is required before e-mail, fax or automatic calling machines can be used to direct market to that consumer. There is a limited exception for existing customers, which varies slightly throughout the member states. Although the Directive was to have been implemented by all member states by October 31, 2003, many of the member states' laws have not yet become effective. Subject to European state lawmaking, it is possible that IAC subsidiaries operating in Europe will be required to adapt their practices in the future to comply with the Directive.
Consumer Protection Regulation
Overview
The business of marketing and selling goods and services to consumers is subject to a wide range of laws and regulations intended to protect consumers from false and misleading advertising, unfair trade practices and health and safety hazards, among other risks. Consumer protection laws and regulations are enforced at the federal level by the Federal Trade Commission, or the FTC, the Federal Communications Commission, or the FCC, the Food and Drug Administration, or the FDA, the Consumer Product Safety Commission and the United States Postal Commissioner, among other federal government agencies. Consumer protection laws and regulations are enforced at the state and local level by state attorneys general and numerous other law enforcement and administrative departments and agencies.
Federal and state lawmakers and administrative agencies are actively considering a wide range of new or modified consumer laws, regulations and enforcement strategies. The recent implementation of regulations in the area of telemarketing and consumer privacy law evidence this commitment. In addition, federal and state regulators have increased levels of enforcement activity regarding the use and sharing of consumer information, the use of endorsements and testimonials, the use of pre-acquired credit card account information, advance consent marketing, the liability of participants in marketing activities and marketing claims for weight-loss products, dietary supplements and exercise equipment. These enforcement actions have resulted in increasingly severe penalties for violators. Although IAC is unable to predict what possible regulatory changes and enforcement priorities may be implemented and what effect they may have on the marketing activities of its businesses, IAC continues to keep abreast of the regulatory environment and the possible implications on the activities of IAC and its businesses.
Certain of IAC's businesses are subject to specialized regulation beyond the general requirements of truth in advertising enforced by the FTC. For example, the HSN and America's Store television networks sell a diverse range of products to the public. Some of these products, and representations about them, may be subject to regulation by various regulatory agencies in addition to the FTC. For example, the sale of health or cosmetic products may be subject to regulation by the FDA. The HSN and America's Store television networks review claims about products that they sell, test those products
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that they believe require testing and maintain training and rigorous compliance programs to promote and secure material compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
Certain of IAC's businesses face considerable challenges in complying with these consumer protection laws and regulations, specifically, the HSN and America's Store television networks due to the nature of their marketing medium—live, unscripted television 24 hours a day, seven days a week on two networks—particularly in light of aggressive enforcement by the FTC and state attorneys general of consumer protection laws against marketers in the direct response industry. Nonetheless, IAC believes that the HSN and America's Store television networks and its other businesses subject to these regulations comply in all material respects with these regulations.
Use of Personally Identifiable Information
Customers in the ordinary course voluntarily provide IAC's various businesses with personally identifiable information, or PII. PII includes information specific enough to identify a customer, such as his or her name, address, telephone number or e-mail address. This information is used primarily to respond to and fulfill customer requests for the products and services offered by IAC's various businesses and their marketing partners. PII is sometimes used to offer consumers products that may be of interest to them based upon their prior purchases from one or more of IAC's businesses.
The issue of consumer privacy has received substantial attention from federal, state and foreign governments. This attention has resulted in the enactment of certain laws and regulations, and the consideration of many other proposals, to safeguard consumer privacy. Pending proposals vary substantially, and it is uncertain which, if any, may become law. Some proposals would require companies that sell the same product both online and offline to treat customer information obtained in such transactions differently depending upon the sales medium used. Some proposals would allow companies to use customer information for various purposes, provided that consumers are given a choice and do not "opt out" of such uses, while other proposals would prohibit such uses unless consumers are given a choice and explicitly authorize such uses by "opting in." IAC cannot predict whether any of the proposed privacy legislation currently pending will be enacted, or the effect, if any, that such legislation could have on IAC's businesses.
Federal and certain state governments have recently enacted certain laws and regulations relating to consumer privacy. The most far-reaching of these current laws focus on financial institutions, health care providers, and companies that intentionally solicit information from children. The California Online Privacy Protection Act of 2003, which goes into effect on July 1, 2004, requires operators of commercial websites and online services that collect PII from California residents to conspicuously post and comply with a privacy policy. The privacy policy must disclose: (1) the types of PII collected on the site and third parties, if any, with whom the PII may be shared, (2) how consumers can review and request changes to their PII, (3) how the operators notify consumers of material changes to the privacy policy and (4) the effective date of the policy. Additionally, the FTC has the authority to police consumer privacy commitments made by companies. For example, a claim that a company has violated a privacy policy that it has communicated to its customers may be actionable by the FTC.
The primary international privacy regulations to which certain of IAC's international businesses are subject are Canada's Personal Information and Protection of Electronic Documents Act, or PIPEDA, and the laws of the member states of the EU, which are based on the EU Data Protection Directive. This Directive requires each member state to enact data protection laws that contain minimum standards and obligations. While PIPEDA and the Directive are summarized below, the laws of individual EU member states may contain more rigid data protection standards and regulations:
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handling personal information. On January 1, 2004, PIPEDA was extended to the collection, use, or disclosure of personal information in the course of any commercial activity within a province.
Telephone Sales and Solicitations Regulations
Several of IAC's subsidiaries sell and solicit the sale of products or services to customers over the telephone. Telephone transactions and solicitations are subject to state and federal laws.
Telemarketing activities are regulated at the federal level by both the FTC and the FCC pursuant to authority granted these agencies under the Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act, or TCFPA, and Telephone Consumer Protection Act, or TCPA, respectively.
The FCC's regulations enforcing the TCPA were initially promulgated in 1992 and included restrictions on the use of automatic telephone dialing systems, artificial and prerecorded messages and the use of telephone facsimile machines to send unsolicited advertisements. The FTC's telemarketing regulation, the Telemarketing Sales Rule, or TSR, was originally introduced in 1995 and contained various prohibitions against deceptive and abusive telemarketing practices.
In January 2003, the FTC issued an amended TSR containing many significant changes from the original regulation, including the creation and enforcement of a National Do Not Call Registry. Several months later, in July 2003, the FCC announced amendments to its own TCPA regulations, many of which mirror and/or complement the provisions in the TSR. As a result of these changes, the TSR and TCPA regulations cover nearly all telemarketing activities with similar rules.
The amended TSR, most of the provisions of which became effective in March 2003, impose various restrictions and obligations on parties engaged in sales solicitations and or charitable solicitations via the telephone. It requires that certain disclosures be made to the consumer at the outset of the telemarketing transaction and that other disclosures be made prior to obtaining the consumer's payment information. Calling time is limited between 8am and 9pm. Offers involving prize promotions or negative option features have other specific disclosure requirements. Marketers are also required to obtain the consumer's express informed consent to be charged in connection with any telemarketing transaction. The new TSR contains specific requirements for obtaining express informed consent for offers involving free trial offers and/or the use of preacquired account information. The new TSR also restricts the use of predictive dialers by requiring that calls be connected to a live operator within two seconds after the consumer answering the call completes his or her greeting and prohibiting telemarketers from abandoning more than 3% of telemarketing calls.
As of October 2003, the FTC began enforcing the National Do Not Call Registry. Consumers who do not wish to receive telemarketing sales calls can place their number on the National Do Not Call Registry and telemarketers are prohibited from calling them, unless an established business relationship, as defined in the statute, exists between the seller and the consumer. Sellers and other
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entities seeking to obtain the National Do Not Call Registry are required to register on the FTC's website and pay the appropriate access fee. Further, as of January 29, 2004, telemarketers are required to transmit caller ID information to comply with the TSR.
The FCC's revised TCPA regulations likewise enforce the National Do Not Call Registry against those entities subject to FCC jurisdiction, and also contain caller ID signal and predictive dialer/abandoned call requirements that largely mirror those found in the FTC's amended TSR. The new TCPA regulations also contain revisions to the FCC's earlier restrictions on the use of telephone facsimile machines to transmit unsolicited advertisements. In particular, the FCC's new law, effective January 2005, requires senders to obtain prior express permission to deliver the advertisement, as evidenced by a signed, written statement with certain disclosures.
Most states have enacted legislation regulating telephone solicitations. Some state statutes echo the requirements of the federal laws while other states impose more restrictive requirements. For example, some states require the telemarketer and/or seller to register and bond the telephone campaign in the state before solicitation begins. Some states prevent telephone sales from becoming final unless a written contract is signed and returned by the buyer. Nonetheless, some of these states provide exemptions for the contract requirement if a certain refund policy, set forth by the statute, is followed. Most states mirror the federal laws regarding the time limitation. However, some states prohibit calls during other times and days. Many states have their own Do Not Call lists. However, most states have harmonized their state list with the National Do Not Call Registry. Nevertheless, the application and exemptions of each state's Do Not Call law may be more restrictive than the National Do Not Call law. Furthermore, some states require telemarketers to inquire at the beginning of the call whether the consumer consents to the solicitation. Moreover, some states require the telemarketer to promptly discontinue the solicitation if the consumer gives a negative response at any time during the call. Penalties for violation of these state telemarketing regulations vary from state to state and may include criminal as well as civil penalties.
IAC Travel
IACT businesses must comply with laws and regulations relating to the travel industry and the sale of travel services. These include registration in various states as sellers of travel, vacation clubs and/or timeshare services, compliance with certain disclosure requirements and participation in state restitution funds. Both the FTC and state consumer protection agencies take the position that regulations prohibiting unfair and deceptive advertising practices apply to travel businesses. In this regard, in 2003, the FTC released guidance to Internet search companies concerning the inclusion of paid advertising and paid placement within search engine results. The guidance announced the FTC staff's view that Internet search engines that fail to identify and disclose such paid placement and paid advertising may be misleading consumers and may thus violate federal law. Although IAC does not believe that any of its businesses that sell travel services constitutes a "search engine," the FTC has indicated that its guidance also may apply to advertising and placement on travel websites.
IACT businesses are also affected by regulatory and legal changes or uncertainties relating to travel suppliers and computer reservation systems, or CRS. For example, following the events of September 11, 2001, heightened security procedures applicable to airline travel may affect the demand for air travel, as well as travel services in general. In another example, the DOT recently amended its rules governing CRS systems to eliminate most existing rules effective January 31, 2004, with the remaining CRS rules to be terminated effective July 31, 2004. As a result of the changes effective January 31, 2004, the DOT will no longer require (i) that an airline owning more than 5% of a Global Distribution System, or GDS, participate at the same level in all other GDSs or (ii) that GDS pricing be uniform to all of its airline customers. The change in the CRS rules could have an adverse effect on IACT businesses, even if they do not technically apply to such businesses. For example, the
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amendments to the CRS rules expressly seek to give airlines more flexibility in bargaining with CRS, which could result in any CRS negotiating to receive less compensation from an airline. Such reduced compensation could cause the CRS to attempt to reduce any payments that it makes to IACT businesses for sales of that airline's tickets.
In addition, the DOT is considering additional regulation of travel agent service fees. In November of 2002, the DOT proposed a rule to govern the disclosure of service fees. That proposal was the subject of legislation passed by Congress as part of the Departments of Treasury and Transportation Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2004. The legislation requires the DOT to republish its service fee proposal and seek additional public comment if it intends to proceed with its service fee rulemaking. The DOT has not republished a proposal, making it unclear whether it intends to proceed with this rulemaking. Should the DOT adopt its original proposal, IACT businesses would have less flexibility in charging and listing service fees and would face increased compliance costs.
The underlying services and goods sold by certain IACT businesses, such as hotel rooms, timeshares and car rentals, are regulated domestically and internationally. Because these regulations directly affect the goods and services that are offered or exchanged by IACT businesses, they may affect IAC's business as a whole. The laws and regulations applicable to these goods and services are subject to change, and IAC is unable to predict what changes in the law may be adopted and the potential impact of any such changes on IAC's businesses.
Some states and localities impose a transient occupancy or accommodation tax, or a form of sales tax, on the use or occupancy of hotel accommodations. For more information, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies."
IACT businesses are currently subject, and as IACT continues to expand the reach of its businesses into the EU and other international markets will become increasingly subject, to legislation applicable to travel service providers in these markets, including legislation regulating the sale of travel packages and industry specific value-added tax regimes, among other types of legislation. Legislation applicable to travel service providers in these markets is subject to change at any time and authorities in these markets are continually considering new legislation, as well as changes in the application of existing laws and regimes applicable to, travel service providers and the travel industry. In addition, the application of a given type of legislation may be subject to interpretation by the applicable taxing authorities. IAC monitors, and will continue to monitor, these initiatives to determine which, if any, could have an adverse effect on its travel businesses.
Electronic Retailing
Cable Television Distribution Regulation
Cable Ownership. Congress, the FCC and federal courts currently are reviewing certain existing cable, newspaper and media ownership restrictions. Depending on the outcome of FCC proceedings and of any subsequent court review, individual cable operators might acquire control over larger segments of the nation's cable customers and channels, in which case the HSN and America's Store television networks, or any other programming network owned and operated by IAC could be required to negotiate with fewer cable operators, controlling larger portions of the market, for the terms of and opportunity to secure carriage. Regardless of the outcome of these FCC proceedings, the antitrust laws could impose independent limitations on the concentration of cable ownership. IAC cannot predict the outcome of these FCC proceedings, any subsequent court challenges, or future applications of the antitrust laws. No assurances can be made that the outcome of these FCC proceedings and subsequent marketplace activity would not materially affect IAC or its operating businesses.
Digital Television. The FCC has taken a number of steps to implement digital television service, or DTV (including high-definition television), in the United States. Material developments in the DTV
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rollout could affect HSN U.S.'s business. For example, in the future, low-power television stations owned by or affiliated with HSN U.S. might have to cease operations due to irremediable interference with or from new digital television allocations. Moreover, the DTV rollout will likely increase the number of channels available to consumers, which could affect consumer viewing patterns and HSN U.S.'s business.
"Must-Carry" Rights. Full-power television broadcasters have certain "must-carry" rights with respect to their carriage by cable systems in the broadcaster's local market. These rights enable a television broadcaster to demand carriage on a specified channel on cable systems within its television market, which area has been defined by Nielsen as a Designated Market Area. Full-power television broadcasters also are seeking "must-carry" rights for their digital television stations, which may require the carriage of multiple digital streams to cable systems during and/or after the digital rollout is complete. HSN U.S. is affected by these mandatory carriage rights, and would be affected by digital "must-carry," in that cable systems have fewer channels available for cable programming such as the HSN and America's Store television networks. In addition, low-power television stations generally do not enjoy "must-carry" rights and must bargain for carriage on cable systems.
German Lottery Regulations. German state lottery regulators independently review the game show formats of 9Live, a wholly-owned subsidiary of EUVÍA that broadcasts interactive game and quiz show programming, for compliance with German law. Under German law regulating gambling, or games of chance, if (i) the outcome of a game is not fundamentally dependent on the intellectual or physical skills of the player(s), but rather is solely or predominantly determined by chance, and (ii) the player has to pay more than a nominal fee, the game is illegal unless officially authorized.
Ticketing
Ticketmaster is subject to certain state and local regulations, including laws in several states establishing maximum convenience and processing charges on tickets for certain live events in the primary and/or secondary ticketing markets. Other legislation that could affect the way Ticketmaster does business, including legislation that would further regulate convenience charges and order-processing fees, is introduced from time to time in federal, state and local legislative bodies. Ticketmaster is unable to predict whether any such legislation will be adopted and, if so, the impact thereof on its business.
Ticketmaster has recently introduced, and intends to continue to introduce in the future, new products and services. Many of these products and services either have never previously existed or have developed rapidly due to the fast rate of change in Internet-based business models. As a result, the impact of existing laws and regulations on these new products and services, such as the provision of ticketing services in the secondary market, is uncertain. Ticketmaster believes that its new products and services comply with existing laws and regulations, but there can be no assurance that such laws and regulations will not in the future be applied to these new products and services in unforeseen ways. As such, the impact of the application of such laws and regulations on certain of Ticketmaster's businesses cannot be foreseen and may have a material adverse effect on such businesses and the applicable products and services.
Ticketmaster's products and services are subject to various sales, use and value-added tax provisions under applicable local, state and national laws. The application of such tax provisions to Ticketmaster's established and new products and services is subject to the interpretation of the applicable taxing authority. Ticketmaster believes that it is in compliance with these tax provisions, but there can be no assurance that taxing authorities will not take a contrary position and that such position will not result in a material adverse effect on Ticketmaster's business, financial condition or results of operations.
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Financial Services and Real Estate
Services available through the LendingTree exchange are subject to extensive regulation by various federal and state governmental authorities. Because of uncertainties as to the applicability of some of these laws and regulations to the Internet and, more specifically, to LendingTree's business, and considering that LendingTree's business has evolved and expanded in a relatively short period of time, LendingTree may not always have been, and may not always be, in compliance with applicable federal and state laws and regulations. Failure to comply with the laws and regulatory requirements of federal and state regulatory authorities may result in, among other things, revocation of required licenses or registrations, loss of approved status, termination of contracts without compensation, loss of exempt status, indemnification liability to loan brokers and others doing business with LendingTree, administrative enforcement actions and fines, class action lawsuits, cease and desist orders and civil and criminal liability.
Many, but not all, states require licenses to solicit or broker to residents of those states, loans secured by residential mortgages, and other consumer loans. LendingTree does not currently accept credit requests for loan products from residents of states in which it is not licensed to provide those products or is exempt from licensing. In many of the states in which LendingTree is licensed, it is subject to examination by regulators. In addition, LendingTree is required to obtain real estate broker licenses, additional mortgage broker licenses and individual customer care department personnel licenses in numerous states.
As a computer loan origination system or mortgage broker conducting business through the Internet, LendingTree faces an additional level of regulatory risk given that most of the laws governing lending transactions have not been substantially revised or updated to fully accommodate electronic commerce. Until these laws, rules and regulations are revised to clarify their applicability to transactions conducted through electronic commerce, any company providing loan-related services through the Internet or other means of electronic commerce will face compliance uncertainty. Federal law, for example, generally prohibits the payment or receipt of referral fees in connection with residential mortgage loan transactions. The applicability of referral fee prohibitions to the lender, realty services, advertising, marketing, distribution and cyberspace rental arrangements used by online companies like LendingTree may have the effect of reducing the types and amounts of fees that LendingTree may charge or pay in connection with real estate-secured products.
The parties conducting business with LendingTree, such as loan brokers and other website operators, may similarly be subject to federal, state and local regulation. These parties act as independent contractors and not as agents of LendingTree in their solicitations and transactions with consumers. Consequently, LendingTree cannot ensure that these entities will comply with applicable laws and regulations at all times. Failure on the part of a lender or other website operator to comply with these laws or regulations could result in, among other things, claims of vicarious liability against LendingTree or have an adverse impact on LendingTree's reputation.
In addition to licensing requirements, federal and state laws regulate residential lending activities and record keeping requirements of brokers and lenders. At the federal level, LendingTree's services are regulated by, among other laws, the Truth in Lending Act and Regulation Z, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B, the Fair Housing Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, federal privacy laws, and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act and Regulation X. These laws generally regulate the manner in which loan services are made available, including advertising and other consumer disclosures, payments for services, record keeping requirements, and the privacy and reporting of consumer data. State and federal laws also prohibit unfair and deceptive trade practices and require companies to adopt appropriate policies and practices to protect consumer privacy.
The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, or RESPA, and related regulations generally prohibit (1) the payment or receipt of fees or any other item of value for the referral of a real estate-secured
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loan to a loan broker or lender and (2) fee shares or splits or unearned fees in connection with the provision of residential real estate settlement services, including mortgage brokerage lending services and real estate brokerage. Notwithstanding these prohibitions, RESPA permits payments for goods or facilities furnished or for services actually performed, so long as those payments bear a reasonable relationship to the market value of the goods, facilities or services provided. A separate exception exists for cooperative brokerage fees exchanged between real estate brokers. LendingTree believes that it has structured its mortgage and home equity products, relationships with loan brokers and other companies and websites to comply with RESPA. However, the way in which RESPA's referral fee and fee splitting prohibitions apply to these types of Internet-based relationships is unclear and the appropriate regulatory agency has provided limited guidance to date on the subject.
Teleservices
The industries served by PRC are subject to varying degrees of government regulation, including state qualification and licensing requirements. PRC works closely with its clients and their advisors to develop the scripts to be used by PRC personnel in making customer contacts and to comply with any state qualification and/or licensing requirements for eligibility to perform services for clients. PRC generally requires its clients to indemnify PRC against claims and expenses arising out of its services performed on its clients' behalf or in connection with any third-party claim against the client arising out of its business activities.
TRADEMARKS, TRADENAMES, COPYRIGHTS, PATENTS, DOMAIN NAMES,
AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
IAC and its operating businesses regard their intellectual property rights, including their service marks, trademarks and domain names, copyrights, trade secrets and similar intellectual property, as critical to IAC's success. For example, Expedia relies heavily upon the software code, informational databases and other components that make up its travel planning service, all of which are protected by copyright registrations and patent applications.
IAC and its operating businesses rely on a combination of laws and contractual restrictions with employees, customers, suppliers, affiliates and others to establish and protect these proprietary rights. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for a third party to copy or otherwise obtain and use trade secret or copyrighted intellectual property of IAC or any of its operating businesses without authorization which, if discovered, might require the uncertainty of legal action to correct. In addition, there can be no assurance that others will not independently and lawfully develop substantially similar properties.
IAC has registered and continues to apply to register, or secure by contract when appropriate, its trademarks and service marks and those of its operating businesses as they are developed and used, and reserves and registers domain names as it deems appropriate. IAC vigorously protects its trade and service marks and domain names, as well as those of its operating businesses, but effective trademark protection may not be available or may not be sought by IAC in every country in which its products and services are made available, and contractual disputes may affect the use of marks governed by private contract. Similarly, not every variation of a domain name may be available or be registered by IAC, even if available. The failure to protect IAC's intellectual property in a meaningful manner or challenges to IAC's contractual rights could materially adversely affect its business, result in erosion of its brand names and limit its ability to control marketing on or through the Internet using its various domain names.
IAC has considered, and will continue to consider, the appropriateness of filing for patents to protect future inventions, as circumstances may warrant. However, many patents protect only specific
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inventions and there can be no assurance that others may not create new products or methods that achieve similar results without infringing upon patents owned by IAC.
From time to time, IAC may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of its business, including claims of alleged infringement by IAC of the trademarks, copyrights, patents and other intellectual property rights of third parties. In addition, litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce the intellectual property rights of IAC, protect its trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights claimed by others. Any such litigation, regardless of outcome or merit, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management and technical resources, any of which could materially harm our business.
IAC Travel
IACT businesses compete in rapidly evolving and intensely competitive market places. All of IACT's businesses attempt to differentiate themselves from competitors primarily on the basis of features and usability, whether online or offline, leveraging their technology leadership, breadth and value of travel products and services offered, customer service and quality of travel planning content and advice. Depending on the customer segment served, different businesses will stress different features and usability.
In the United States, IACT businesses face competition from a number of sources for both leisure and corporate travelers. They compete with other online and offline travel planning service providers that offer inventory from multiple suppliers, suppliers that sell their own inventory directly to consumers via the telephone, Internet or otherwise and consortiums of suppliers, such as Orbitz and TravelWeb. Currently, most hotels sell their services through travel agencies, travel wholesalers or directly to customers, mainly by telephone. Increasingly, however, major hotels are offering travel products and services directly to consumers through their own websites, and IACT believes that this trend will continue.
In the case of Interval, the global timeshare exchange industry is extremely competitive. Interval faces competition from Resort Condominiums International, LLC, a subsidiary of Cendant Corporation, as well as several other companies that perform exchanges on a smaller, often more regional, basis. In addition, a number of management companies compete with Interval by offering exchange opportunities between resorts that they manage as a component of their management services. In addition, a wide variety of vacation clubs and large resort developers are creating and operating their own internal exchange systems to facilitate exchanges for timeshare owners at their resorts.
For those IACT businesses with an online component, IACT believes that as demand for online travel services grows, companies already involved in the online travel services industry, as well as traditional travel suppliers and travel agencies, will increase their efforts to develop services that more closely resemble the online services of IACT businesses. IACT businesses also face potential competition from Internet companies that have not yet entered leisure or corporate travel. IACT is unable to anticipate which other companies are likely to offer services in the future that will compete with the products and services of IACT.
In addition, some of the current and potential competitors of IACT may have greater brand recognition, longer operating histories, larger customer bases and greater financial, marketing and other resources, and may enter into strategic or commercial relationships with larger, more established and well-financed companies. Some of these competitors may be able to secure services and products from travel suppliers on more favorable terms, devote greater resources to marketing and promotional campaigns and devote substantially more resources to website and systems development. New technologies and the continued enhancement of existing technologies also may increase competitive
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pressures for IACT. There can be no assurance that any IACT business will be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors or address increased competitive pressures.
Internationally, IACT businesses compete with a similar set of participants and other entities that vary on a country-by-country basis. IACT competes with many of these parties described above and others in the provision of its private-label booking services.
Electronic Retailing
HSN U.S. operates in a highly competitive environment. The HSN and America's Store television networks are in direct competition with traditional offline and online retail merchandisers, ranging from large department stores to specialty shops, electronic retailers, direct marketing retailers such as mail order and catalog companies and discount retailers. The HSN and America's Store television networks compete with certain other companies, which have an affiliation or common ownership with cable operators and which market merchandise by means of live television.
The HSN and America's Store television networks also compete for access to customers and audience share with other conventional forms of entertainment and content, such as programming for network and independent broadcast television stations, basic and pay cable television services, satellite master antenna systems, home satellite dishes and home entertainment centers. In particular, the price and availability of programming for cable television systems affect the availability of these channels for HSN and America's Store programming and the compensation which must be paid to cable operators for related carriage.
In addition, competition for channel capacity has increased. While the advent of digital cable and new compression technologies may decrease this competition, this additional capacity may encourage competitors to enter the marketplace. No prediction can be made with respect to the viability of these technologies or the extent to which they will ultimately impact the availability of channel capacity.
HSN.com competes with numerous brick-and-mortar retailers, other online and offline retail operations, catalog merchants and television shopping channels. A number of the online competitors have a larger user base and have expertise in developing online commerce. IAC believes that the principal competitive factors in this market are selection of goods, customer service, reliability of delivery, brand recognition, convenience and accessibility, price, quality of search tools and system reliability.
HSN International. HSE-Germany competes in Germany with traditional retailers, direct marketing retailers and others electronic retailers. There are operators throughout the world that either offer 24-hour electronic retailing or are using infomercials and a small amount of live programming that compete with HSE-Germany. 9Live competes for access to participants and audience share with other conventional forms of entertainment and content, such as programming for network, independent and pay television, as well as other forms, both offline and online, of game show content. Sonnenklar faces competition from traditional travel agencies, tour operators, which are increasingly selling directly to consumers, and online travel service providers.
Ticketing
Ticketmaster's ticketing business, including ticketmaster.com, faces competition and potential competition from other national, regional and local ticketing service companies and entertainment organizations with ticketing distribution capabilities, as well as from its clients and aggregations of its clients, such as major league sports leagues, who may elect to fulfill ticketing distribution and management functions through their own systems. Not all facilities, promoters and other potential clients use the services of an automated ticketing company, choosing instead to distribute their tickets through their own internal box offices or other distribution channels. Accordingly, Ticketmaster
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competes with facilities, promoters and other potential clients for the right to distribute their tickets at retail outlets, by telephone and on the Internet.
Other companies compete with Ticketmaster by selling stand-alone automated ticketing systems to enable the facilities to do their own ticketing. Several of Ticketmaster's competitors have operations in multiple locations, while others compete principally in one specific geographic location. Ticketmaster experiences substantial competition for potential client accounts and renewals of contracts on a regular basis. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that prospective or renewal clients will enter into contracts with Ticketmaster rather than Ticketmaster's competitors (including clients that choose to self-distribute with, or without, the assistance of the numerous companies that support self-distribution). Ticketmaster competes on the basis of products and service provided, capability of the ticketing system, its distribution network, reliability and price.
As an alternative to purchasing tickets through Ticketmaster, ticket purchasers generally may purchase tickets from the facility's box office at which an event will be held or by season, subscription or group sales directly from the venue or promoter of the event. Although Ticketmaster's clients may process sales of these tickets through the Ticketmaster System, Ticketmaster derives no convenience charge or other processing revenue from the ticket purchasers with respect to those ticket purchases.
Personals
The personals business is very competitive and highly fragmented. Primary competitors of the various brands that comprise Personals include numerous online and offline dating and matchmaking services (both free and paid), some of which operate nationwide and some of which operate locally, and the personals sections of newspapers and magazines. In addition to broad-based personals services, there are numerous niche websites and offline personals services that cater to specific demographic groups.
IAC Local Services
The markets for local content, local services and local advertising are highly competitive and diverse. Citysearch's primary competitors include online providers of local content, numerous search engines and other site aggregation companies, media, telecommunications and cable companies, Internet service providers and niche competitors which focus on a specific category or geography and compete with specific content offerings provided by Citysearch. Many of Citysearch's competitors have greater financial and marketing resources than it has and may have significant competitive advantages through other lines of business and existing business relationships. Furthermore, additional major media and other companies with financial and other resources greater than Citysearch may introduce new Internet products addressing the local interactive content and service business in the future.
Evite competes with a number of online invitation and party planning services that include providers of online greeting cards, web-based invitation services and electronic mail services that provide party planning functions. Evite also competes with traditional offline invitation services that provide paper-based invitations and party planning services. Evite also competes with online and offline social networking services.
EPI currently competes on a national level with other providers of dining and other discounts, and on a local level with a variety of discount programs distributed via traditional fundraising channels. EPI also competes with companies that use traditional fundraising channels to distribute products other than local discount or coupon books, such as gift wrap, magazines and chocolates.
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Financial Services and Real Estate
In the case of lending-related services, LendingTree competes with traditional offline lending institutions and financial service companies. LendingTree also competes with e-lenders, including traditional lending institutions that are developing their own, stand-alone lending channels, which originate the bulk of their loans through their own websites or the telephone. In addition, some online financial services companies, including online brokerages and Internet banks, have extended consumer products to include online lending. These companies typically operate consumer-branded websites and attract consumers via online banner ads, key word placement on search engines, partnering with affiliates and business development arrangements with other properties, including major portals. In the case of real estate-related services, LendingTree competes with websites that provide online real estate referral services for a fee, as well as websites that offer real estate broker lists without related services and customer support.
Teleservices
The consumer care industry in which PRC operates is very competitive and highly fragmented. Competitors range in size from very small firms offering specialized applications and short-term projects, to large independent and international firms and the in-house operations of many clients and potential clients, which comprises the largest segment of the industry. In addition, PRC competes with large technology and consulting firms with which it has not partnered to take advantage of potential business opportunities. PRC believes that the principal competitive factors in its industry are a reputation for quality, sales and marketing results, price, technological expertise and application, and the ability to promptly provide clients with customized and creative solutions and approaches to their customer service and marketing needs. Certain competitors may have capabilities and resources greater than PRC's, which may be a competitive disadvantage in bidding for very large programs.
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As of December 31, 2003, IAC and its subsidiaries employed approximately 25,700 full-time employees across its various businesses. IAC believes that it generally has good employee relationships, including relationships with employees represented by unions and guilds.
The Company maintains a website at www.iac.com. The information on the Company's website is not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or in any other filings with, or in any information furnished or submitted to, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC.
The Company makes available, free of charge through its website, its Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K (including related amendments) as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC.
The Company's code of ethics, which applies to all employees, including all executive officers and senior financial officers (including IAC's Chief Financial Officer and IAC's Controller) and directors, is posted on the Company's website at www.iac.com. The code of ethics complies with Item 406 of SEC Regulation S-K and Nasdaq rules. Any changes to the code of ethics that affect the provisions required by Item 406 of Regulation S-K, and any waivers of the code of ethics for IAC's executive officers, directors or senior financial officers, will also be disclosed on IAC's website.
Item 2. Properties
IAC's facilities for its management and operations are generally adequate for its current and anticipated future needs. IAC's facilities generally consist of executive and administrative offices, fulfillment facilities, warehouses, operations centers, call centers, television production and distribution facilities, satellite transponder sites and sales offices.
All of IAC's leases are at prevailing market, or "most favorable," rates and, except as noted, with unaffiliated parties. IAC believes that the duration of each lease is adequate. IAC believes that its principal properties, whether owned or leased, are adequate for the purposes for which they are used and are suitably maintained for these purposes. Most of the office/studio space leased by IAC is substantially utilized, and where significant excess space exists, IAC leases or subleases such space to the extent possible. IAC does not anticipate any future problems renewing or obtaining suitable leases for its principal properties.
Corporate
IAC leases approximately 30,000 square feet for its principal executive offices at Carnegie Hall Tower, 152 West 57th Street, New York, New York, which lease expires on October 30, 2005.
IAC Travel
Expedia leases approximately 200,000 square feet for its headquarters in Bellevue, Washington, pursuant to leases with expiration dates ranging from May 2004 to 2009. Expedia and its subsidiaries also lease space domestically in: San Jose, California; Washington, D.C.; Ft. Lauderdale, Florida; Post Falls, Idaho; Las Vegas, Nevada and Seattle and Tacoma, Washington. The scheduled expiration dates for these leases range from October 2004 to September 2007.
Expedia and its subsidiaries also lease office space internationally in: Sydney, Australia; Brussels, Belgium; Montreal, Canada; Toronto, Canada; London, England; Paris, France; Munich, Germany; Milan, Italy; Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Madrid, Spain. The scheduled expiration dates for these leases range from May 2004 to June 2013.
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Hotels.com leases approximately 73,300 square feet of office space for its headquarters in Dallas, Texas, pursuant to a lease that expires in 2010. Hotels.com and its subsidiaries also lease office space domestically in: Miami, Florida; New Orleans, Louisiana; Grand Haven, Michigan; Springfield, Missouri; Atlantic City, New Jersey and Arlington, Ft. Worth and Pharr, Texas. Subsidiaries of Hotels.com lease office space internationally in Paris, France and Hong Kong, China. The scheduled expiration dates for these leases range from November 2004 to December 2010.
Hotwire leases approximately 25,000 square feet of office space for its corporate offices in San Francisco, California, pursuant to a lease that expires in April 2008.
Interval International® leases office and/or call center space in 9 locations in the United States, including space for its principal offices and its principal call center in Miami, Florida, pursuant to long-term leases that expire in July and October 2016, respectively. Interval also leases office space in 18 locations outside of the United States, including space for its European headquarters in London, England, pursuant to a lease that expires in May 2016.
Electronic Retailing
HSN U.S. owns an approximately 480,000 square foot facility in St. Petersburg, Florida, which houses its television studios, broadcast facilities, administrative offices and training facilities. HSN U.S. also leases 40,000 square feet of modular buildings located at this facility.
HSN U.S. owns warehouse facilities in St. Petersburg, Florida, which are used for general storage and miscellaneous facilities, and in Waterloo, Iowa and Salem, Virginia, which are used as fulfillment centers. HSN U.S. also leases warehouse facilities in: Fontana, California; Waterloo, Iowa; Edgewood, New York and Roanoke and Salem, Virginia pursuant to leases with expiration dates ranging from October 2004 to October 2015.
HSN U.S. leases retail space in the Tampa Bay and Orlando, Florida areas and office space in Beachwood, Ohio pursuant to leases with expiration dates ranging from March 2004 to January 2005.
HSN International. HSE-Germany leases approximately 3,200 square meters in Ismaning, Germany (outside Munich) for its offices and studios pursuant to a long-term lease.
Ticketing
Ticketmaster's corporate offices are housed at 8800 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, California, which location is owned by TMC Realty, LLC, a subsidiary of IAC.
Ticketmaster leases office space in various cities throughout the United States, Canada, Germany, Greece, France, Ireland, Norway and the United Kingdom pursuant to leases with scheduled expiration dates ranging from 2004 to June 2014. Ticketmaster also owns an operating office in Vancouver, Canada.
Personals
Match.com leases approximately 40,100 square feet for its headquarters in Richardson, Texas pursuant to a lease that expires in February 2005. Soulmates Technology leases approximately 11,600 square feet for its headquarters in Sydney, Australia, pursuant to a lease that expires in December 2005. Match.com International subleases approximately 3,738 square feet for its headquarters in London, England, pursuant to a lease with Ticketmaster that expires in September 2005.
IAC Local Services
Citysearch leases approximately 36,900 square feet for its headquarters at 3731 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, California, pursuant to a lease that expires in 2006. Citysearch also leases local office space
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for its city guide business in approximately 13 cities throughout the United States pursuant to leases with terms ranging from month-to-month to seven years, most of which expire in 2005.
EPI leases approximately 72,000 square feet for its headquarters at 1414 East Maple Road, Troy, Michigan, pursuant to a lease that expires in 2014. EPI also leases local sales office space in approximately 65 cities throughout the United States. Most of the leases for EPI's local offices have lease terms ranging from month-to-month to three years.
Financial Services and Real Estate
LendingTree leases approximately 54,000 square feet for its executive offices and operations in Charlotte, North Carolina, pursuant to a lease that expires in 2010.
Teleservices
PRC leases approximately 45,000 square feet of space for its headquarters in Plantation, Florida, pursuant to a lease that expires in March 2010. PRC subleases approximately 27,000 square feet of this space to Andrx Corporation.
As of December 31, 2003, PRC operated 19 customer interaction centers, ranging in size from approximately 9,000 to 138,000 square feet, with workstations ranging from approximately 120 to 1,300, in various cities throughout Florida, Iowa and Pennsylvania. PRC leases space for all of its customer interaction centers, with the exception of its Sunrise, Florida center, which it owns. The leases for PRC's customer interaction centers have scheduled expiration dates ranging from May 2004 to 2025, assuming the exercise of all renewal options.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are parties to litigation involving property, personal injury, contract, and other claims. The amounts that may be recovered in such matters may be subject to insurance coverage.
Rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission require the description of material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary, routine litigation incident to the registrant's business, and advise that proceedings ordinarily need not be described if they primarily involve damages claims for amounts (exclusive of interest and costs) not exceeding 10% of the current assets of the registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. In the judgment of management, none of the pending litigation matters which the Company and its subsidiaries are defending, including those described below, involves or is likely to involve amounts of that magnitude. The litigation matters described below involve issues or claims that may be of particular interest to the Company's shareholders, regardless of whether any of these matters may be material to the financial position or operations of the Company based upon the standard set forth in the SEC's rules.
Tax-Related Litigation against Vivendi
As previously disclosed in certain of the Company's SEC filings, including its filing on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 (the "2002 10-K"), IAC is involved in a tax-related dispute with Vivendi Universal, S.A. ("Vivendi"). On April 15, 2003, IAC commenced an action in the Delaware Chancery Court, captioned USA Interactive and USANi Sub LLC v. Vivendi Universal, S.A., USI Entertainment Inc., and Vivendi Universal Entertainment LLLP, No. CA-20260. This lawsuit arises out of the failure of Vivendi Universal Entertainment LLLP ("VUE"), a limited-liability limited partnership controlled by Vivendi, to pay to IAC and its affiliates, as partners in VUE, certain cash tax distributions due to them over a period of years under the express terms of the partnership agreement that governs VUE.
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The partnership agreement provides that VUE "shall, as soon as practicable after the close of each taxable year, make cash contributions to each Partner in an amount equal to the product of (a) the amount of taxable income allocated to such Partner for such taxable year. .. and (b) the highest aggregate marginal statutory Federal, state, local and foreign income tax rate. .. applicable to any Partner." The partnership agreement also provides that taxable income of VUE is to be allocated to the partners, including IAC and its affiliates, in a specified order, including amounts corresponding to the cash and pay-in-kind distributions on IAC's and its affiliates' preferred interests in VUE, which represent a 5% annual return on those interests (the "Preferred Return"). The actual amount of cash distributions with respect to taxable income on the Preferred Return would depend on several factors, including the amount of VUE's earnings and federal, state, and local income tax rates. Assuming sufficient VUE earnings in each of the next twenty years and a discount rate of 7%, such cash distributions could have a present value to IAC of up to approximately $620 million.
The complaint in IAC's lawsuit requests the court to declare that VUE is obligated to pay to IAC and its affiliates cash tax distributions on the Preferred Return as they become due under the VUE partnership agreement, and to order VUE to make such payments. As previously disclosed by the Company, on June 30, 2003, the defendants filed an answer denying the material allegations of the complaint and asserting various affirmative defenses, as well as certain counterclaims. The counterclaims request the court to declare that VUE is not obligated under the partnership agreement to pay to IAC and its affiliates cash tax distributions on the Preferred Return or, in the alternative, to reform the partnership agreement—on the grounds of mutual or, in the alternative, unilateral mistake—so that it no longer requires VUE to make such payments.
As previously disclosed by the Company, on July 21, 2003, IAC filed a reply denying the material allegations of the defendants' counterclaims, which IAC believes are meritless. Pretrial discovery in the case has commenced with the exchange of interrogatories and document requests.
On January 30, 2004, IAC filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings, on the grounds that the plain and clear language of the partnership agreement entitles IAC, as a matter of law, to the relief it seeks. The defendants' response to this motion is due to be filed by April 6, 2004.
Litigation Relating to the IAC/Hotels.com Merger Agreement
As previously disclosed in certain of the Company's SEC filings, on April 10, 2003, IAC and Hotels.com announced that they had entered into an agreement under which IAC would acquire the shares of Hotels.com that it did not already own in a stock-for-stock transaction. Under the agreement, Hotels.com shareholders would receive IAC stock in accordance with an exchange ratio representing approximately a 20% premium, based on the closing prices of IAC and Hotels.com stock on March 18, 2003, the day preceding the announcement of IAC's merger agreement with Expedia. The agreement was approved by Hotels.com's board of directors following the unanimous recommendation and approval of an independent special committee of the board.
As previously disclosed by the Company, on April 10, 2003, the day of the announcement of the IAC/Hotels.com merger agreement, a purported class action on behalf of Hotels.com shareholders was filed in the Court of Chancery, New Castle County, State of Delaware, against Hotels.com, IAC, and members of the board of directors of Hotels.com. Michael Garvey, on Behalf of Himself and All Others Similarly Situated v. Jonathan F. Miller et al., No. 20248-NC. Also on April 10, 2003, the plaintiff in a purported shareholder derivative action on behalf of Hotels.com against certain officers and directors of Hotels.com, which was pending in the District Court of Dallas, Texas, 160th Judicial District, prior to the announcement of the merger transaction and had originally asserted derivative claims relating to Hotels.com's pre-merger earnings guidance (which claims are described more fully in a separate section below), filed an amended complaint to include class allegations regarding the merger transaction. Alex Solodovnikov, Derivatively on Behalf of Hotels.com v. Robert Diener et al., No. 03-02663. In addition, on April 17, 2003, the plaintiffs in a consolidated action pending in the Court of Chancery, New Castle
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County, State of Delaware, which had consolidated a number of purported class actions filed against Hotels.com, IAC, and members of the board of directors of Hotels.com as a result of IAC's announcement in June 2002 of its intention to enter into a Hotels.com acquisition transaction, filed a consolidated and amended class-action complaint. In re Hotels.com Shareholders Litigation, No. 16662-NC. Pursuant to an agreement among counsel for the parties, the defendants' time to respond to this complaint and to the complaint in the Garvey case has been adjourned indefinitely.
The complaints in the two Delaware actions and the class allegations in the complaint in the Texas action allege, in essence, that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties to Hotels.com's public shareholders by entering into and/or approving the merger agreement, which allegedly does not reflect the true value of Hotels.com. The complaints sought to enjoin consummation of the transaction or, in the alternative, to rescind the transaction, as well as damages in an unspecified amount.
As previously disclosed by the Company, on April 18, 2003, the Texas action (Solodovnikov) was removed to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas. On May 2, 2003, the plaintiff in this action filed a motion to remand the case to state court. On June 3, 2003, the plaintiff in the Texas action withdrew his motion to remand the case to state court and filed a motion in federal court for expedited discovery in anticipation of filing a motion for a preliminary injunction against consummation of the IAC/Hotels.com merger. The defendants opposed the motion. On June 16, 2003, the court denied the plaintiff's motion for expedited discovery.
As previously disclosed by the Company, on June 23, 2003, the IAC/Hotels.com merger transaction closed.
The Company believes that the allegations in these lawsuits are without merit and will continue to defend vigorously against them.
Hotels.com Consumer Class Action Litigation and Arbitration
As previously disclosed in the Company's filing on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003, on June 20, 2003, a purported class action against Hotels.com, Nora J. Olvera, Individually and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated v. Hotels.com, Inc., No. DC-03-259, was filed in the 229th District Court, Duval County, Texas. The complaint alleges that Hotels.com collects "excess" hotel occupancy taxes from consumers (i.e., allegedly charges consumers more for occupancy taxes than it remits to the taxing authorities). The complaint sought certification of a nationwide class of all persons who have purchased hotel accommodations from Hotels.com since June 20, 1999, as well as restitution of, disgorgement of, and the imposition of a constructive trust upon all "excess" taxes allegedly collected by Hotels.com. On July 14, 2003, Hotels.com filed a responsive pleading that denied the material allegations of the complaint and asserted a number of defenses, including that the allegations in the complaint are subject to mandatory arbitration.
As previously disclosed by the Company, on August 12, 2003, the plaintiff filed an amended complaint containing substantially the same factual allegations and requests for relief, but naming as defendants Hotels.com, L.P., Hotels.com (the parent company of the Hotels.com, L.P. operating business), and IAC. On September 8, 2003, the defendants filed responsive pleadings that denied the material allegations of the amended complaint and asserted a number of defenses, including that the allegations in the amended complaint are subject to mandatory arbitration and, in IAC's case, that the court lacks personal jurisdiction over the Company.
As previously disclosed by the Company, on September 25, 2003, the plaintiff in the Olvera litigation filed with the American Arbitration Association in Dallas, Texas, a demand for arbitration against Hotels.com, L.P. The arbitration claim contains substantially the same factual allegations as the amended complaint in the Olvera lawsuit. The arbitration is purportedly brought on behalf of a class comprised of all persons and entities who have purchased hotel accommodations from Hotels.com since October 31, 2001. The claimant seeks a determination that the arbitration is properly maintainable as a
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class proceeding and an order requiring disgorgement and restitution to the class members of excess profits allegedly derived from "assessing" hotel occupancy taxes that were neither owed nor paid to any taxing authority. On October 27, 2003, Hotels.com, L.P. filed a responsive pleading that denied the material allegations of the arbitration claim and asserted a number of defenses that it believes are meritorious.
In the class-action litigation, discovery with respect to threshold jurisdictional and class-certification issues is under way. Disputes have arisen concerning the permissible scope of discovery at this stage of the case. On January 16, 2004, the Hotels.com defendants filed a motion for a protective order in connection with these disputes, and on January 20, 2004, the plaintiff filed a responding motion to compel. Those motions are pending.
On January 24, 2004, the Hotels.com defendants filed a motion to stay the class-action litigation pending the outcome of the arbitration proceeding commenced by the plaintiff. That motion was opposed by the plaintiff on January 30, 2004, and is pending. Also on January 30, 2004, the plaintiff filed a second amended complaint containing substantially the same factual allegations and requests for relief as her prior pleadings, but slightly modifying the class allegations to take account of the class period alleged in the arbitration proceeding.
The Company believes that the claims in both the Olvera lawsuit and the Olvera arbitration lack merit and will continue to defend vigorously against them.
Litigation Relating to Hotels.com's Guidance for the Fourth Quarter of 2002
As previously disclosed in certain of the Company's SEC filings, including the 2002 10-K, a consolidated securities class action, Daniel Taubenfeld et al., on Behalf of Themselves and All Others Similarly Situated v. Hotels.com et al., No. 3:03-CV-0069-N, is pending in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, arising out of Hotels.com's downward revision of its guidance for the fourth quarter of 2002. This lawsuit alleges that the defendants, Hotels.com and three of its executives, violated the federal securities laws during the period from October 23, 2002 and January 6, 2003 (the "Class Period"). The defendants are alleged to have knowingly (i) made certain materially false and misleading public statements with respect to the anticipated performance of Hotels.com during the fourth quarter of 2002, and (ii) concealed from the investing public certain material events and developments that were likely to render that anticipated performance unattainable. The individual defendants are further alleged to have profited from the rise in Hotels.com's share price caused by their public statements through sales of Hotels.com stock during the Class Period. The lawsuit further alleges that as a result of Hotels.com's announcement, on January 6, 2003, of a downward revision of its guidance for the fourth quarter of 2002, its share price declined by 25%. The lawsuit seeks certification of a class of all non-defendant purchasers of Hotels.com stock during the Class Period and seeks damages in an unspecified amount suffered by the putative class.
As previously disclosed by the Company, on August 18, 2003, the lead plaintiffs in this action filed a consolidated class-action complaint. On October 31, 2003, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the consolidated complaint. On January 13, 2004, the plaintiffs filed their opposition to the motion. On February 27, 2004, the defendants filed their reply. The motion is pending.
As previously disclosed by the Company, two shareholder derivative actions, Anita Pomilio Wilson, Derivatively on Behalf of Nominal Defendant Hotels.com v. Elan J. Blutinger et al., No. 3:03-CV-0501-K, and Alex Solodovnikov, Derivatively on Behalf of Hotels.com v. Robert Diener et al., No. 3:03-CV-0812-K, arising out of the same events as the consolidated securities class action, have been pending in the same Texas federal court after removal from Texas state court. The defendants in these shareholder derivative actions are Hotels.com (as a nominal defendant only) and a number of current or former directors of Hotels.com. These lawsuits allege that the individual defendants who, during the period from October 25, 2002 to December 3, 2002, sold Hotels.com stock breached their fiduciary duty to Hotels.com by misappropriating, and trading and profiting on the basis of, proprietary, material
32
non-public information concerning the financial condition and growth prospects of Hotels.com. The lawsuits also allege that all of the individual defendants aided and abetted the selling defendants' breaches of fiduciary duty by concealing from the market the information on the basis of which the selling defendants allegedly traded and profited. The lawsuits seek imposition of a constructive trust in favor of Hotels.com on the profits obtained by the selling defendants on their sales of Hotels.com stock during the period referred to above, as well as unspecified damages resulting from the individual defendants' alleged breaches of fiduciary duty.
On December 16, 2003, the court issued an order consolidating the two shareholder derivative actions under the caption, In re Hotels.com Derivative Litigation, No. 3:03-CV-501-K. On January 28, 2004, the court issued an order (on consent) directing the lead plaintiff to file a consolidated complaint by April 27, 2004.
The Company believes that both the securities class action and the shareholder derivative action lack merit and will continue to defend vigorously against them.
Tickets.com Litigation
As previously disclosed in certain of the Company's SEC filings, including the 2002 10-K, in July 1999, Ticketmaster Online—Citysearch, Inc. and Ticketmaster Corporation (together, "Ticketmaster") commenced an action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California against Tickets.com, Inc. ("Tickets.com"). The complaint in the action, Ticketmaster Corporation and Ticketmaster Online-Citysearch, Inc. v. Tickets.com, Inc., No. 99-07654 (C.D. Cal.), alleged that Tickets.com was violating Ticketmaster's legal and contractual rights by, among other things, (i) providing deep-links to Ticketmaster's internal web pages without its consent, (ii) deceptively and systematically accessing Ticketmaster's computer systems and thereupon copying Ticketmaster event pages and extracting and reprinting on Tickets.com's website Ticketmaster's uniform resource locators ("URL's") and event information, and (iii) providing false and misleading information about Ticketmaster, the availability of tickets on Ticketmaster's website, and the relationship between Ticketmaster and Tickets.com.
In January 2000, Ticketmaster filed an amended complaint. In February 2000, Tickets.com filed a motion to dismiss that pleading. That motion was denied in part and granted in part with leave to amend. In April 2000, Ticketmaster filed a second amended complaint.
In May 2000, Tickets.com filed its answer to Ticketmaster's second amended complaint, as well as a number of counterclaims against Ticketmaster. The counterclaims alleged violations by Ticketmaster of the federal antitrust laws (Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act), the California antitrust laws (the Cartwright Act), and Section 17200 of the California Business and Professions Code, sought declaratory relief, and also contained common-law claims for restraint of trade, unfair competition and unfair business practices, and interference with contract. Tickets.com alleged that Ticketmaster Corporation's exclusive agreements with Ticketmaster Online-Citysearch, Inc., venues, promoters, and others injure competition, violate antitrust laws, constitute unfair competition, and interfere with Tickets.com's prospective economic advantage.
In July 2002, the trial court dismissed, on consent, Tickets.com's claims that Ticketmaster commenced litigation against Tickets.com and others for predatory and/or anticompetitive purposes. In September 2002, the court dismissed, on consent, Tickets.com's claims allegedly brought on behalf of the public under Section 17200 of the California Business and Professions Code.
On January 22, 2003, the court dismissed, on consent, certain of Tickets.com's counterclaims, namely those alleging: violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act; conspiracy to monopolize; common-law restraint of trade; violation of Section 17200 of the California Business and Professions Code by reason of a contract between Ticketmaster Corporation and Ticketmaster Online—Citysearch, Inc.; interference with prospective economic advantage; and common-law unfair competition
33
and unfair business practices. On January 28, 2003, the parties agreed to the dismissal of certain of Ticketmaster's claims, namely those alleging: unfair competition and false designation of origin; reverse passing off; false advertising; violation of Section 17200 of the California Business and Professions Code by reason of unfair business practices; and interference with prospective economic advantage.
Discovery in this case was extensive and ended on January 31, 2003.
As previously disclosed by the Company, on February 3, 2003, Ticketmaster and Tickets.com each filed a motion for summary judgment. On March 3, 2003, the court ruled on the motions, (i) granting summary judgment dismissing all of Tickets.com's antitrust counterclaims under federal and state law and (ii) granting summary judgment dismissing all of Ticketmaster's claims against Tickets.com with the exception of Ticketmaster's claim for breach of contract.
The district court's March 3, 2003 rulings left Ticketmaster with a claim for breach of contract and Tickets.com with a counterclaim for unfair business practices under Section 17200 of the California Business and Professions Code. On March 17, 2003, the court dismissed these remaining state-law claims, without prejudice, for lack of federal subject-matter jurisdiction. On March 25, 2003, the court entered a final judgment dismissing the action in its entirety.
On April 10, 2003, Tickets.com filed a notice of appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit from that part of the district court's judgment dismissing Tickets.com's federal and state antitrust counterclaims against Ticketmaster. Ticketmaster elected not to cross-appeal from the district court's dismissal of its claims against Tickets.com. On August 27, 2003, Tickets.com filed its opening brief on appeal. On October 27, 2003, Ticketmaster filed its answering brief. On November 26, 2003, Tickets.com filed its reply brief. The court of appeals has not yet set a date for oral argument of Tickets.com's appeal.
The Company continues to believe that, as reflected in the district court's ruling dismissing them, Tickets.com's antitrust claims against Ticketmaster are without merit, and will continue to defend vigorously against them on appeal.
Ticketmaster Consumer Class Action Related to Magazine Sales
As previously disclosed in certain of the Company's SEC filings, including the 2002 10-K, in December 2000, Ticketmaster and Time Inc. ("Time") were sued in a putative consumer class action filed in the Florida Circuit, Thirteenth Judicial Circuit (Hillsborough County). The lawsuit, Victoria McLean v. Ticketmaster Corporation and Time Inc., No. G0009564, claims that in offering for sale Entertainment Weekly magazine, a Time publication, Ticketmaster has been involved in criminal activity, conspiracy, and unfair and deceptive trade practices due to the defendants' alleged disclosure of credit card information to third parties without express written consent and allegedly unauthorized posting of charges to credit card accounts. The complaint sought injunctive relief and treble damages, as well as attorneys' fees. Ticketmaster and Time subsequently filed a motion to dismiss the case on various grounds. In May 2001, an amended complaint was filed, adding a second consumer plaintiff. The defendants' motion to dismiss was withdrawn, and Ticketmaster filed an answer in July 2001. In May 2002, Ticketmaster and Time filed a motion for summary judgment, on which the court has not ruled.
In December 2003, the parties reached a settlement of the case (on terms that are not material to Ticketmaster or the Company). On December 17, 2003, the court, in light of the settlement, dismissed the action with prejudice. As previously disclosed by the Company, two similar consumer class actions, brought in California and Michigan, were dismissed with prejudice in July and August 2003, respectively, in light of settlements reached by the parties (again, on terms that are not material to Ticketmaster or the Company).
34
HSN Consumer Class Action Litigations
Illinois. As previously disclosed in certain of the Company's SEC filings, including the 2002 10-K, in November 1999, Home Shopping Network, Inc. ("HSN") was sued in a putative class action filed in the Chancery Division of the Illinois Circuit Court (Cook County). The lawsuit, Bruce Tompkins et al. v. Proteva, Inc. et al., No. 99 CH 12013, was brought on behalf of consumers who purchased a Proteva personal computer from one of the defendants and experienced one of the following: (i) the computer was defective upon purchase or shortly thereafter; (ii) a defendant did not honor a rebate offer which had been made as part of the sale; or (iii) a defendant did not provide customer or warranty service as advertised. The complaint asserted claims for consumer fraud, breach of the implied warranty of merchantability, and unjust enrichment and sought compensatory and punitive damages, as well as attorneys' fees. HSN filed an answer denying the material allegations of the complaint as to it.
The plaintiffs subsequently filed an amended complaint that, among other things, added a claim for breach of express warranty and added four corporate defendants, including Home Shopping Club LP. In May 2000, HSN and Home Shopping Club LP (together, "HSN") filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. That motion resulted in an order requiring the plaintiffs to amend the complaint again. In June 2000, a second amended complaint was filed, adding claims for negligent misrepresentation and breach of contract. In December 2000, a third amended complaint was filed, dropping the three non-HSN corporate defendants that had been added earlier and dropping the claims for negligent misrepresentation and breach of contract. In July 2001, a fourth amended complaint was filed. HSN has filed answers to the second, third, and fourth amended complaints, denying their material allegations as to it.
In February 2001, the plaintiffs filed a motion for certification of a nationwide class, which HSN and the other defendants opposed. In December 2001, the court declined to certify a nationwide class and instead limited certification to a class of consumers resident in the state of Illinois. To date, plaintiffs have not provided notice of the class certification to the plaintiff class.
In July 2002, HSN filed a motion for summary judgment. In March 2003, the court denied the motion. The parties have engaged in substantial discovery. No trial date has yet been set.
Florida. As previously disclosed in certain of the Company's SEC filings, including the 2002 10-K, in May 2002, Home Shopping Network, Inc. and Home Shopping Club LP (together, "HSN") were sued in a putative consumer class action in the Civil Division of the Florida Circuit Court (Pinellas County). The operative factual allegations and legal claims in the lawsuit, Susan DiCicco v. Home Shopping Network, Inc., d/b/a the Home Shopping Network, et ano., No. 02-3625-CI-19, also involve the sale and servicing of Proteva personal computers and are substantially the same as those in the Illinois lawsuit described above. The complaints assert claims against HSN for deceptive trade practices in violation of the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act, breach of contract, breach of express and implied warranty, and unjust enrichment, and seeks damages, disgorgement of profits, and attorneys' fees. In August 2002, HSN filed an answer denying the material allegations of the complaint.
California. As previously disclosed in the Company's SEC filing on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003, in May 2003, Home Shopping Network, Inc. and HSN Direct, Inc. (together, "HSN") were sued in a putative consumer class action in the Superior Court of the state of California (Los Angeles County). Like the Illinois and Florida lawsuits described above, this lawsuit, Dorothy Friedmann v. HSN Direct, Inc., d/b/a the Home Shopping Network, et al., No. BC-295766, arises out of the sale of allegedly defective Proteva personal computers. The complaint alleges that HSN, in marketing Proteva computers during the 1996-99 period, engaged in unlawful, unfair, and deceptive trade practices and false advertising, in violation of the California Business and Professions Code. The complaint seeks class certification, restitution of amounts paid, disgorgement of profits, and imposition of a constructive trust on amounts received from HSN's sale of Proteva computers. In July 2003, HSN filed an answer denying the material allegations of the complaint.
35
Counsel for the parties have engaged in discussions concerning a possible resolution of these cases and have retained a mediator to assist in those discussions. As previously stated, the Company believes that HSN has substantial defenses to these lawsuits and, in the event that a mediated resolution is not achieved, will continue to defend vigorously against them.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
There were no matters submitted to a vote of any of the Company's security holders during the fourth quarter of 2003.
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
IAC Common Stock is quoted on The Nasdaq Stock Market, or "NASDAQ," under the ticker symbol "IACI." There is no established public trading market for IAC Class B Common Stock.
The following table sets forth, for the calendar periods indicated, the high and low sales prices per share for IAC Common Stock as reported on NASDAQ:
| |
High |
Low |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year Ended December 31, 2003 | |||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 28.43 | $ | 20.99 | |||
| Second Quarter | 39.33 | 25.10 | |||||
| Third Quarter | 42.74 | 33.18 | |||||
| Fourth Quarter | 39.00 | 28.79 | |||||
Year Ended December 31, 2002 |
|||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 33.22 | $ | 25.41 | |||
| Second Quarter | 33.53 | 19.55 | |||||
| Third Quarter | 24.11 | 16.25 | |||||
| Fourth Quarter | 29.80 | 15.31 | |||||
As of March 1, 2004, there were approximately 6,000 holders of record of the Company's Common Stock and the closing price of IAC Common Stock was $32.80. Because many of the outstanding shares of IAC Common Stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of shareholders, IAC is note able to estimate the total number of beneficial shareholders represented by these record holders.
As of March 1, 2004, there were 8 holders of record of the Company's Class B Common Stock.
IAC has paid no cash dividends on its Common Stock or Class B Common Stock to date and does not anticipate paying cash dividends on its Common Stock or Class B Common Stock in the immediate future.
During the quarter ended December 31, 2003, the Company did not issue or sell any shares of its Common Stock or other equity securities pursuant to unregistered transactions in reliance upon an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. For information regarding unregistered sales during the quarters ended March 31, 2003, June 30, 2003 and September 30, 2003, see "Item 2—Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds" of IAC's Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for these periods.
36
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following table presents selected historical financial data of IAC for each of the years in the five year period ended December 31, 2003. This data was derived from IAC's audited consolidated financial statements and reflects the operations and financial position of IAC at the dates and for the periods indicated. The information in this table should be read with the financial statements and accompanying notes and other financial data pertaining to IAC included herein. In August 2001, the Company completed its previously announced sale of all of the capital stock of certain USA Broadcasting ("USAB") subsidiaries that own 13 full-power television stations and minority interests in four additional full-power stations to Univision Communications Inc. ("Univision"). On May 7, 2002, IAC completed its transaction with Vivendi Universal, S.A. ("Vivendi") in which USA's Entertainment Group, consisting of USA Cable, Studios USA, and USA Films, was contributed to Vivendi Universal Entertainment LLLP, a new joint venture controlled by Vivendi. In addition, during the second quarter of 2003, USA Electronic Commerce Solutions ("ECS"), Styleclick, Inc. and Avaltus, Inc., a subsidiary of PRC, ceased operations. The financial position and results of operations of these companies as well as USAB and USA Entertainment Group have been presented as discontinued operations in the following table.
| |
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
1999(1) |
2000(2) |
2001(3) |
2002(4)(5) |
2003(6) |
|||||||||||
| |
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Data) |
|||||||||||||||
| Statements of Operations Data: | ||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 1,969,234 | $ | 2,918,011 | $ | 3,434,571 | $ | 4,580,925 | $ | 6,328,118 | ||||||
| Operating profit (loss) | (2,277 | ) | (107,955 | ) | (140,318 | ) | 152,598 | 400,183 | ||||||||
| Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before cumulative effect of accounting change | (22,642 | ) | (144,767 | ) | (162,811 | ) | 1,997 | 126,657 | ||||||||
| Earnings (loss) before cumulative effect of accounting change | (27,631 | ) | (147,983 | ) | 392,795 | 2,414,492 | 167,396 | |||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) available to common shareholders | (27,631 | ) | (147,983 | ) | 383,608 | 1,941,344 | 154,341 | |||||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per common share from continuing operations available to common shareholders(7)(8): | (0.07 | ) | (0.40 | ) | (0.44 | ) | (0.02 | ) | 0.19 | |||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per common share from continuing operations available to common shareholders(7)(8): | (0.07 | ) | (0.40 | ) | (0.44 | ) | (0.04 | ) | 0.17 | |||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per common share before cumulative effect of accounting change available to common shareholders(7)(8): | (0.08 | ) | (0.41 | ) | 1.05 | 5.64 | 0.26 | |||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per common share before cumulative effect of accounting change available to common shareholders(7)(8): | (0.08 | ) | (0.41 | ) | 1.05 | 5.62 | 0.23 | |||||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per common share available to common shareholders(7)(8): | (0.08 | ) | (0.41 | ) | 1.03 | 4.55 | 0.26 | |||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per common share available to common shareholders(7)(8): | (0.08 | ) | (0.41 | ) | 1.03 | 4.54 | 0.23 | |||||||||
Balance Sheet Data (end of period): |
||||||||||||||||
| Working Capital | $ | 381,046 | $ | 355,157 | $ | 1,380,936 | $ | 3,069,516 | $ | 2,336,795 | ||||||
| Total Assets | 5,139,583 | 5,581,943 | 6,527,068 | 15,658,992 | 21,586,588 | |||||||||||
| Long-term obligations, net of current maturities | 573,056 | 551,766 | 544,372 | 1,211,145 | 1,120,097 | |||||||||||
| Minority Interest | 742,365 | 895,251 | 703,995 | 1,081,274 | 110,799 | |||||||||||
| Shareholders' equity | 2,769,729 | 3,439,871 | 3,945,501 | 7,931,463 | 14,415,585 | |||||||||||
37
Other Data: |
||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in): | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | 115,508 | $ | 141,365 | $ | 369,279 | $ | 778,481 | $ | 1,304,668 | ||||||
| Investing activities | (454,648 | ) | (427,955 | ) | (521,859 | ) | 316,637 | (1,770,072 | ) | |||||||
| Financing activities | 48,780 | (9,482 | ) | 6,954 | 672,521 | (567,640 | ) | |||||||||
| Discontinued operations | 267,657 | 94,706 | 322,342 | (172,832 | ) | (85,632 | ) | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes | (123 | ) | (2,687 | ) | (3,663 | ) | 11,131 | 19,624 |
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| |
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2000 |
2001 |
||||||
| |
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data) |
|||||||
| EARNINGS (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS AVAILABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS | ||||||||
| Reported loss from continuing operations available to common shareholders | $ | (144,767 | ) | $ | (162,811 | ) | ||
| Add: goodwill amortization | 63,851 | 134,018 | ||||||
| Loss from continuing operations as adjusted | $ | (80,916 | ) | $ | (28,793 | ) | ||
Basic earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations available to common shareholders as adjusted: |
||||||||
| Reported basic loss per share | $ | (0.40 | ) | $ | (0.44 | ) | ||
| Add: goodwill amortization | 0.18 | 0.36 | ||||||
| Adjusted basic earnings (loss) per share | $ | (0.22 | ) | $ | (0.08 | ) | ||
Diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operation available to common shareholders as adjusted: |
||||||||
| Reported diluted loss per share | $ | (0.40 | ) | $ | (0.44 | ) | ||
| Add: goodwill amortization | 0.18 | 0.36 | ||||||
| Adjusted diluted loss per share | $ | (0.22 | ) | $ | (0.08 | ) | ||
NET EARNINGS (LOSS) AVAILABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS |
||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) available to common shareholders | $ | (147,983 | ) | $ | 383,608 | |||
| Add: goodwill amortization | 206,151 | 176,413 | ||||||
| Net earnings available to common shareholders as adjusted | $ | 58,168 | $ | 560,021 | ||||
Basic earnings (loss) per share as adjusted: |
||||||||
| Reported basic net earnings (loss) per share | $ | (0.41 | ) | $ | 1.03 | |||
| Add: goodwill amortization | 0.57 | 0.47 | ||||||
| Adjusted basic net earnings per share | $ | 0.16 | $ | 1.50 | ||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per share: |
||||||||
| Reported diluted net earnings (loss) per share | $ | (0.41 | ) | $ | 1.03 | |||
| Add: goodwill amortization | 0.57 | 0.47 | ||||||
| Adjusted diluted net earnings per share | $ | 0.16 | $ | 1.50 | ||||
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Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
IAC is a leading, multi-brand interactive commerce company committed to harnessing the power of interactivity to make people's lives easier, everywhere and everyday. IAC operates a diversified portfolio of specialized and global brands in the travel, home shopping, ticketing, personals, local services, financial services and real estate and teleservices industries. IAC enables billions of dollars of consumer-direct transactions for products and services via the Internet, television and telephone.
IAC consists of the following segments:
For further information regarding the operations of these segments, see Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Item 1 "Business," found on page 1.
IAC's operating businesses largely act as intermediaries between suppliers and consumers. We aggregate supply from a variety of sources and we capture consumer demand across a variety of channels. We strive to give our customers an outstanding shopping experience by offering a broad and unique selection of products and services at competitive prices, through convenient and informative websites built with state of the art technology, and by maintaining our commitment to quality customer service. We strive to deliver value to our supply partners by providing a cost-efficient means to reach a large number of consumers through multiple distribution channels, acquire new customers, target a variety of diverse market segments and help maximize inventory yields.
40
Set forth below is information for 2003 and 2002 of the contributions made by our various reporting segments to consolidated revenue, operating income and OIBA:
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2003 |
Percentage of Total Revenue |
2002 |
Percentage of Total Revenue |
||||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||||
| Revenue: | ||||||||||||
| IACT | $ | 2,610.1 | 41 | % | $ | 1,563.9 | 34 | % | ||||
| Electronic Retailing: | ||||||||||||
| HSN U.S. | 1,763.7 | 28 | % | 1,613.2 | 35 | % | ||||||
| HSN International | 466.7 | 7 | % | 309.0 | 7 | % | ||||||
| Total Electronic Retailing | 2,230.4 | 35 | % | 1,922.2 | 42 | % | ||||||
| Ticketing | 743.2 | 12 | % | 655.3 | 14 | % | ||||||
| Personals | 185.3 | 3 | % | 125.8 | 3 | % | ||||||
| IAC Local Services | 230.3 | 3 | % | 30.8 | 1 | % | ||||||
| Financial Services and Real Estate | 55.8 | 1 | % | N/A | N | /A | ||||||
| Teleservices | 294.3 | 5 | % | 294.1 | 6 | % | ||||||
| Intersegment elimination | (21.3 | ) | 0 | % | (11.2 | ) | 0 | % | ||||
| Total | $ | 6,328.1 | 100 | % | $ | 4,580.9 | 100 | % | ||||
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2003 |
Percentage of Total Operating Income |
2002 |
Percentage of Total Operating Income |
||||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||||
| Operating Income (Loss): | ||||||||||||
| IACT | $ | 347.0 | 87 | % | $ | 177.9 | 117 | % | ||||
| Electronic Retailing: | ||||||||||||
| HSN U.S. | 139.5 | 35 | % | 130.5 | 86 | % | ||||||
| HSN International | 31.3 | 8 | % | (62.3 | ) | (41 | %) | |||||
| Total Electronic Retailing | 170.8 | 43 | % | 68.2 | 45 | % | ||||||
| Ticketing | 116.5 | 29 | % | 96.9 | 63 | % | ||||||
| Personals | 14.1 | 4 | % | 22.6 | 15 | % | ||||||
| IAC Local Services | (29.4 | ) | (8 | %) | (86.3 | ) | (57 | %) | ||||
| Financial Services and Real Estate | (16.5 | ) | (4 | %) | N/A | N/A | ||||||
| Teleservices | 12.5 | 3 | % | (26.4 | ) | (17 | %) | |||||
| Corporate and other | (214.8 | ) | (54 | %) | (100.3 | ) | (66 | %) | ||||
| Total | $ | 400.2 | 100 | % | $ | 152.6 | 100 | % | ||||
41
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2003 |
Percentage of Total OIBA |
2002 |
Percentage of Total OIBA |
||||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||||
| Operating Income (loss) before Amortization ("OIBA"): | ||||||||||||
| IACT | $ | 523.8 | 61 | % | $ | 279.8 | 72 | % | ||||
| Electronic Retailing: | ||||||||||||
| HSN U.S. | 190.3 | 22 | % | 163.1 | 42 | % | ||||||
| HSN International | 32.6 | 4 | % | (61.6 | ) | (16 | %) | |||||
| Total Electronic Retailing | 222.9 | 26 | % | 101.5 | 26 | % | ||||||
| Ticketing | 144.5 | 17 | % | 108.1 | 28 | % | ||||||
| Personals | 31.0 | 4 | % | 28.4 | 7 | % | ||||||
| IAC Local Services | 26.2 | 3 | % | (32.3 | ) | (8 | %) | |||||
| Financial Services and Real Estate | 1.2 | 0 | % | N/A | N/A | |||||||
| Teleservices | 12.5 | 1 | % | (4.1 | ) | (1 | %) | |||||
| Corporate and other | (102.0 | ) | (12 | %) | (92.3 | ) | (24 | %) | ||||
| Total | $ | 860.1 | 100 | % | $ | 389.1 | 100 | % | ||||
Principal Products, Services, Sources of Revenue
IACT is our largest financial contributor. It offers consumers a variety of travel related services from a wide array of travel suppliers. Revenue from the worldwide booking of hotel rooms, particularly merchant hotel rooms (in which we help establish the pricing of the rooms but do not assume any inventory risk), has become an increasingly important part of our business. IACT also offers a variety of services on an agency basis, including air, car and some hotel rooms. Our dynamically assembled travel packages provide our customers with the ability to combine the purchase of various travel products in a single transaction at attractive pricing. We expect packages and multiple component transactions to grow as a percentage of our overall travel revenue.
In Electronic Retailing, the majority of our revenue, operating income and OIBA are derived from the sale of merchandise promoted through our television programming via telephone or the Internet. We take inventory of most of the products we sell through Electronic Retailing.
Our Ticketing business, principally Ticketmaster, is primarily an agency business that sells tickets for events on behalf of our clients and retains a convenience charge and order processing fee for our services. We sell these tickets through a combination of websites, telephone services and ticket outlets.
Our Financial Services and Real Estate and Teleservices businesses generally are compensated on a fee basis, Personals offers its own interactive services on a fee basis and IAC Local Services offer products and services that target the local market and are compensated based on products and services delivered.
Our businesses rely heavily on technology to deliver outstanding services to our customers. We seek to offer our customers a broad range and unique selection of products and services and relevant information about those products and services, convenience and ease of use, including first class customer service, combined with great values and a unique merchant sensibility.
Channels of Distribution; Marketing Costs
We offer products and services directly to customers through company websites, cable and broadcast television stations, telephone sales, and membership programs, allowing our customers to transact directly with us in a convenient manner. We have and will continue to invest aggressively in online and offline advertising to build our brands and drive traffic to our sites.
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We also pay for distribution of our services on third party distribution channels, such as Internet portals and search engines, and manage affiliate programs whereby we pay commissions and fees to third parties based on revenue earned. The cost of acquiring new customers through third party distribution channels has increased as Internet commerce continues to grow and competition in the segments in which we operate increases. We continue to place an increased emphasis on retaining current customers, which we believe will ultimately lower our marketing costs as a percentage of revenue in the long run. While sales and marketing as a percentage of revenue has increased from 12.3% in 2002 to 14.8% in 2003, we have increased our Operating Income Before Amortization ("OIBA") margins from 8.5% in 2002 to 13.6% in 2003.
Access to Supply
We provide our merchant partners with an important customer acquisition channel, often through multiple IAC brands, and we believe that the ability of suppliers to reach a large audience through our services is a great benefit. We offer our customers the choice of multiple suppliers in one location, especially in the travel space whereby multiple airline and hotel brands are available to the customer in one, easy to navigate setting. We believe that the travel industry will continue to benefit from the opportunity to sell travel through our distribution channel and our extensive affiliate network, as we effectively aggregate demand and provide customers with the choice they desire. We believe that we generally enjoy excellent relationships with our vendors, however, there is always risk that certain vendors may not make their products and services available to us in the future, including vendors that manufacture goods for HSN, parties for whom we sell tickets and suppliers of travel services to IACT. In the travel space there has been increased emphasis by hotel chains and air suppliers on their own direct sale of travel services. Also, at this time certain low cost airline carriers restrict our access to their inventory and we are unable to predict if this will change in the future, but to date, this has not had a significant negative impact to our business.
International Operations
We are placing greater emphasis on international markets, especially in regards to IACT, as we look to further expand our presence abroad, with a focus on Europe, given the large consumer marketplace for the goods and services that our brands offer. We believe that our technological expertise gives us an advantage in foreign markets, which generally lag the U.S. in online adoption but which we believe generally exhibit similar characteristics of the U.S. in regards to customer acceptance of an online marketplace. As a percentage of total IAC revenue, international operations represented 17%, 13% and 11% in 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
Economic, Industry Specific Factors
Most of our businesses are sensitive to the rate at which the purchase of products and services migrate on-line. Specifically with respect to travel, our travel revenues are more meaningfully impacted by the rate at which the purchase of travel services migrates on-line globally than the rate at which the travel industry grows. As a greater share of travel purchases are made on-line, we expect to continue to grow faster than the travel industry. We expect rates of online adoption to be especially high internationally and in the corporate travel sector, and we are devoting significant resources to these areas. In addition, online migration of traditional off-line businesses such as HSN, Ticketing and EPI favorably impacts our results, as online sales transactions are processed with little or no increased costs as compared to offline sales for which increased call center and other costs are incurred.
IAC Consolidated Results
Top-line revenue was driven by increases of $1.0 billion from IACT, including the increase in revenue of $184.0 million from Interval which was acquired in September 2002 and $12.5 million from
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the acquisition of Hotwire in 2003, $257.3 million from the acquisitions of EPI and LendingTree in 2003, $157.7 million from HSN International, $150.5 million from HSN U.S. and $87.9 million from Ticketmaster.
Operating income and OIBA increased at higher rates than revenue due to expanding gross margins, especially at IACT, as well as due to the scalability of our businesses operations, which support higher revenue levels more efficiently, partially offset by increased selling and marketing costs in 2003, as discussed above.
Please see "Results of Operations" for further discussion of our segment results.
IAC'S PRINCIPLES OF FINANCIAL REPORTING
IAC reports OIBA as a supplemental measure to GAAP. This measure, among other things, is one of the primary metrics by which we evaluate the performance of our businesses, on which our internal budgets are based and by which management is compensated. We believe that investors should have access to, and we are obligated to provide, the same set of tools that we use in analyzing our results. This non-GAAP measure should be considered in addition to results prepared in accordance with GAAP, but should not be considered a substitute for or superior to GAAP results. We provide and encourage investors to examine the reconciling adjustments between the GAAP and non-GAAP measures, which we discuss below. It may seem that we have more adjusting items in our reconciliations than other companies. This is mainly because, in our short history, our businesses have changed significantly and we have been very acquisitive in nature.
Definitions of IAC's Non-GAAP Measure
Operating Income before Amortization ("OIBA") is defined as operating income plus: (1) amortization of non-cash distribution, marketing and compensation expense, (2) amortization of intangibles and goodwill and goodwill impairment, if applicable, (3) pro forma adjustments for significant acquisitions and (4) one-time items. We believe this measure is useful to investors because it represents the consolidated operating results from IAC's segments, taking into account depreciation, which we believe is an ongoing cost of doing business, but excluding the effects of any other non-cash expenses. OIBA has certain limitations in that it does not take into account the impact to IAC's income statement of certain expenses, including non-cash compensation associated with IAC's employees, non-cash payments to partners, and acquisition-related accounting. IAC endeavors to compensate for the limitations of the non-GAAP measure presented by providing the comparable GAAP measure with equal or greater prominence, GAAP financial statements and detailed descriptions of the reconciling items and adjustments, including quantifying such items, to derive the non-GAAP measure.
Pro Forma Results
We have presented OIBA pro forma for the impact of IAC's initial acquisition of a majority stake in Expedia which occurred in February 2002, as if this transaction had occurred as of January 1, 2001. We believe that the pro forma results provide investors with better comparisons to prior periods, as well as a better view of ongoing operations.
One-Time Items
OIBA is presented before non-recurring items. We only exclude as non-recurring items those that are truly one-time in nature and non-recurring, infrequent or unusual, and have not occurred in the past two years or are not expected to recur in the next two years, in accordance with SEC rules. Actual results include one-time items. Merger costs incurred by Expedia, Hotels.com and Ticketmaster for investment banking, legal, and accounting fees were related directly to the mergers were the only costs
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treated as one-time items for calculating OIBA. These costs were incurred solely in relation to the mergers, but may not be capitalized since Expedia, Hotels.com and Ticketmaster were considered targets in the transaction for accounting purposes. These costs do not directly benefit operations in any manner, would not normally be recorded by IAC if not for the fact it already consolidated these entities, and are all related to the same transaction, as IAC simultaneously announced its intention to commence its exchange offer for the companies in 2002. The majority of costs are for advisory services provided by investment bankers, and the amounts incurred in 2003 were pursuant to the same fee letters entered into by each company in 2002. Given these factors, we believe it is appropriate to consider these costs as one-time.
Non-Cash Expenses That Are Excluded From Our Non-GAAP Measures
Amortization of non-cash compensation expense consists of restricted stock and options expense, which relates mostly to unvested options assumed by IAC in the Ticketmaster, Hotels.com and Expedia mergers. We view this expense as part of transaction costs, which are not paid in cash. Non-cash compensation also includes the expense associated with grants of restricted stock units for compensation purposes.
Amortization of non-cash distribution and marketing expense consists mainly of Hotels.com performance warrants issued to obtain distribution and non-cash advertising secured from Universal Television as part of the Vivendi transaction. The Hotels.com warrants were principally issued as part of its initial public offering, and we do not anticipate replicating these arrangements. With the termination of the Travelocity affiliate agreement in September 2003, all outstanding Travelocity warrants were cancelled. The non-cash advertising from Universal is primarily for the benefit of Expedia, which runs television advertising primarily on the USA and Sci Fi cable channels without any cash cost. Ticketmaster and Match.com also recognize non-cash distribution and marketing expense related to barter arrangements for distribution secured from third parties, whereby advertising is provided by Ticketmaster and Match.com to a third party in return for distribution over the third party's network. The advertising provided has been secured by IAC, which in turn has secured the non-cash advertising pursuant to an agreement with Universal as part of the Vivendi transaction. Sufficient advertising has been secured to satisfy existing obligations. We do not expect to replace this non-cash marketing with an equivalent cash expense after it runs out in 2007, nor would IAC incur such amounts absent the advertising received in the Vivendi transaction.
Amortization of intangibles is a non-cash expense relating primarily to acquisitions. At the time of an acquisition, the intangible assets of the acquired company, such as supplier contracts and customer relationships, are valued and amortized over their estimated lives. While it is likely that we will have significant intangible amortization expense as we continue to acquire companies, we believe that since intangibles represent costs incurred by the acquired company to build value prior to acquisition, they were part of transaction costs and will not be replaced with cash costs when the intangibles are fully amortized.
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Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2003 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2002
IAC Travel
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2003 |
2002 |
Percentage Change |
|||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 2,610.1 | $ | 1,563.9 | 67 | % | ||||
| Operating income | 347.0 | 177.9 | 95 | % | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 13.3 | % | 11.4 | % | ||||||
| OIBA | 523.8 | 279.8 | 87 | % | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 20.1 | % | 17.9 | % | ||||||
Reconciliation of Operating income to OIBA: |
||||||||||
| Operating income | $ | 347.0 | $ | 177.9 | ||||||
| Amortization of non-cash distribution and marketing expense | 41.9 | 32.7 | ||||||||
| Amortization of non-cash compensation expense | 16.2 | 5.7 | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 107.0 | 53.5 | ||||||||
| Merger costs | 11.7 | 2.3 | ||||||||
| Pro forma adjustments | — | 7.7 | ||||||||
| OIBA | $ | 523.8 | $ | 279.8 | ||||||
Revenue growth was primarily driven by strong results from worldwide merchant hotel revenue, with additional growth coming from package revenue and membership fee and exchange revenue from Interval. Worldwide merchant hotel room nights stayed increased 64% over 2002, including an increase in international markets, which represented 9% of total merchant hotel revenues in 2003 as compared to 5% in 2002. The increase in merchant hotel revenue was partially offset by the termination of the Travelocity affiliate relationship in September 2003. Travelocity was the largest affiliate of Hotels.com, representing 5% of IACT revenue in 2003 as compared to 11% in 2002. Even though Travelocity represented a significant, albeit declining, percentage of revenue, we expect that the long-term benefits of this event will outweigh the near-term negative impact, including the ability to integrate the operations of Expedia and Hotels.com. Revenue from travel packages, which allow customers to customize their travel by combining air, hotel, car and other product offerings, was $307.0 million in 2003, up 93% from 2002, due to improved package offerings and consumer acceptance of this product. Interval, which was acquired in September 2002, had increased 2003 revenue of $184.0 million as compared to the period post-acquisition in 2002. In addition, Hotwire, which was acquired in November 2003, contributed $12.5 million in revenue, although its operating income and OIBA results were minimal for the period consolidated.
Revenue, operating income and OIBA were positively impacted in 2003 based on an analysis performed in the fourth quarter related to estimated supplier liabilities, resulting in an adjustment of $22.4 million. Excluding this amount, IACT's revenue, operating income and OIBA would have grown 65%, 82% and 79%, respectively in 2003. The analysis performed provided additional evidence that IACT used to update and refine its estimation of supplier liabilities, resulting in the decrease of $22.4 million. IACT does not expect to record any similar-sized adjustments in future periods.
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Operating income and OIBA increased as a result of the growth in revenues, although they increased at higher rates than revenue due to expanding gross margins as well as the scalability of the businesses that allow them to support higher revenue levels without commensurate increases in operating costs. Net revenue as a percentage of total gross transaction value, assuming Hotels.com reported revenues net, was 16.7% in 2003 compared to 14.8% in 2002. IACT incurred selling and marketing expenses of $472.5 million in 2003, up 92% from the prior year, in order to build brands and drive traffic to our sites. The increase in selling and marketing expenses as a percent of revenue was driven by higher costs of traffic acquisitions online, higher CPMs offline, and shift in business mix as our international businesses, which have a higher selling and marketing cost relative to revenue due to their early stages of development, grew faster than our domestic businesses. This increase was more than offset by the operating efficiencies described above. Interval's 2003 operating income and OIBA increased $46.2 million and $64.6 million, respectively, as compared to the period post-acquisition in 2002. Amortization of intangibles increased $53.5 million due principally to IAC's acquisition of the public's minority interest in Hotels.com and Expedia in 2003.
IACT management continues in its efforts to evaluate the integration of the operations of Expedia and Hotels.com. As a result of integration efforts undertaken in 2003, Hotels.com recorded a write-off of duplicative packaging software of $4.7 million, as it adopted Expedia's technology. As a result of a change in business practices implemented near the beginning of 2004, IACT will begin reporting revenue for Hotels.com on a net basis. The change in business practices results from the integration and conforms Hotels.com's practices with those of other IACT businesses in regards to the merchant hotel business. There will be no impact to operating income or OIBA from the change in reporting. Assuming both companies presented merchant revenue on a net basis, IACT's pro forma net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 would have been $1.67 billion and $907.0 million, respectively, with no impact on reported amounts of operating income or OIBA.
Electronic Retailing
HSN U.S.
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2003 |
2002 |
Percentage Change |
|||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 1,763.7 | $ | 1,613.2 | 9 | % | ||||
| Operating income | 139.5 | 130.5 | 7 | % | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 7.9 | % | 8.1 | % | ||||||
| OIBA | 190.3 | 163.1 | 17 | % | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 10.8 | % | 10.1 | % | ||||||
Reconciliation of Operating income to OIBA: |
||||||||||
| Operating income | $ | 139.5 | $ | 130.5 | ||||||
| Amortization of non-cash compensation expense | — | 0.3 | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 50.8 | 32.3 | ||||||||
| OIBA | $ | 190.3 | $ | 163.1 | ||||||
Revenue growth reflects a 5% increase in units shipped, a 4% increase in average price point, and a decline in the return rate of 90 bps. Overall, the product mix shifted slightly from Apparel/ Accessories and Jewelry to Health & Beauty and Home-Hardlines. The shift in product mix increased the average price point, as Home-Hardlines, which are comprised of items such as computers and electronics, generally carry higher sales prices and reduced return rates, as compared to Apparel/ Accessories and Jewelry. The impact of the decrease in return rates on gross profit was $6.8 million. HSN also improved its household television distribution, increasing full time equivalent homes by 4%,
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to 71.5 million. Off air sales, which include Autoship programs for health products and Upsell programs, had increased revenue of $30.3 million, or 20%, over 2002.
Gross profit remained relatively consistent between years, at 37.1% for 2003 compared with 37.2% in 2002. Changes in product mix occurred during the year, shifting into products that carry slightly lower margins, partially offset by lower markdowns and improvements in fulfillment costs. Operating income and OIBA reflect the growth in revenue, as well as operating efficiencies, as fixed costs as a percentage of revenue declined from 11.6% in 2002 to 11.3% in 2003. In addition, depreciation expense declined $8.7 million compared to 2002. Operating income reflects increased amortization of intangibles resulting from the full year impact of the step-up in basis as a result of the Vivendi transaction that occurred in May 2002. Amortization of intangibles includes $2.7 million related to non-cash cable carriage acquired as a result of the VUE transaction.
HSN International
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2003 |
2002 |
Percentage Change |
|||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 466.7 | $ | 309.0 | 51 | % | ||||
| Operating income (loss) | 31.3 | (62.3 | ) | NM | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 6.7 | % | (20.2 | %) | ||||||
| OIBA | 32.6 | (61.6 | ) | NM | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 7.0 | % | (19.9 | %) | ||||||
Reconciliation of Operating income (loss) to OIBA: |
||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | $ | 31.3 | $ | (62.3 | ) | |||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 1.3 | 0.7 | ||||||||
| OIBA | $ | 32.6 | $ | (61.6 | ) | |||||
Revenue growth was driven by the full year impact of EUVÍA, which IAC began to consolidate in July 2002, which resulted in increased revenues of $91.9 million, to $118.3 million in 2003, and HSE-Germany, which increased revenues by $75.6 million, or 28%. On a pro forma basis, assuming EUVÍA was consolidated for all of 2002, EUVÍA's revenue increased 39% on a year over year Euro-equivalent basis due primarily to 9Live, its game and quiz show television format, due to a 12% increase in rates and a 29% increase in call volume, despite a continued increase in competition which caused call volume to decline slightly over the course of 2003 as compared to the fourth quarter of 2002. EUVÍA's travel business, Sonneklar, continued to develop, and contributed 18% to its overall revenue in 2003 compared to 13% in 2002, on a full year basis. HSE-Germany's growth is primarily due to the favorable impact of foreign exchange rates, which contributed $57.2 million in 2003, or 76% of the growth. HSE-Germany's revenue increased 7% on a year over year Euro-equivalent basis due to improved efficiencies with respect to the ordering process which has resulted in a decrease in the cancellation rates on orders.
Operating income and OIBA were negatively impacted in 2002 by $31.4 million of restructuring and other charges recognized related to the closure of its operations in Italy, and a $17.8 million charge for the shut-down of HSN-Espanol, which operated a Spanish language electronic retailing operation serving customers primarily in the United States and Mexico.
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Ticketing Operations
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2003 |
2002 |
Percentage Change |
|||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 743.2 | $ | 655.3 | 13 | % | ||||
| Operating income | 116.5 | 96.9 | 20 | % | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 15.7 | % | 14.8 | % | ||||||
| OIBA | 144.5 | 108.1 | 34 | % | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 19.4 | % | 16.5 | % | ||||||
Reconciliation of Operating income to OIBA: |
||||||||||
| Operating income | $ | 116.5 | $ | 96.9 | ||||||
| Amortization of non-cash distribution and marketing expense | 0.9 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| Amortization of non-cash compensation expense | — | 0.5 | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 27.0 | 9.7 | ||||||||
| Merger costs | 0.1 | — | ||||||||
| OIBA | $ | 144.5 | $ | 108.1 | ||||||
Revenue growth was driven by a 10% increase in average revenue per ticket and a 5% increase in the number of tickets sold. Revenues increased $87.9 million, including $52.2 million domestically and $35.7 million internationally, including $11.7 million related to the full year impact of acquisitions made in 2002 in Denmark and the Netherlands. Revenue per ticket increased due to higher convenience and processing fees in both domestic and foreign markets as well as favorable exchange rates from foreign markets. International revenue increased $19.5 million, or 18%, on a year over year local currency basis. Revenues were favorably impacted by the mix of entertainment events, including an above-average number of stadium shows in 2003. We anticipate fewer stadium shows in 2004. Operating income and OIBA reflect the positive revenue variance, operating efficiencies and the favorable resolution of tax contingencies of $3.7 million. Fixed costs as a percentage of revenue declined from 28.3% in 2002 to 26.8% in 2003 due to the scalability of the business. Amortization of intangibles increased $17.3 million due to IAC's acquisition of the public's minority interest in Ticketmaster during 2003.
Personals
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2003 |
2002 |
Percentage Change |
|||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 185.3 | $ | 125.8 | 47% | |||||
| Operating income | 14.1 | 22.6 | (38% | ) | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 7.6% | 18.0% | ||||||||
| OIBA | 31.0 | 28.4 | 9% | |||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 16.7% | 22.6% | ||||||||
Reconciliation of Operating income to OIBA: |
||||||||||
| Operating income | $ | 14.1 | $ | 22.6 | ||||||
| Amortization of non-cash distribution and marketing expense | 4.0 | 5.8 | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 12.9 | — | ||||||||
| OIBA | $ | 31.0 | $ | 28.4 | ||||||
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Personals ended the year with 939,000 paid subscribers, up 30% from the end of 2002, with uDate, which was acquired in April 2003, contributing 12% of the subscriber growth. Revenue increased in domestic markets due to increases in subscriber count of 13% and higher overall pricing, although pricing declined during 2003 due to the introduction of lower monthly pricing for long-term subscriptions. Revenue from international operations increased $33.1 million, including the contribution of uDate of $18.5 million, with international operations accounting for 20% of total segment revenues in 2003 versus 3% in 2002. Overall, international operations were unprofitable in 2003 with an OIBA loss of $10.1 million compared to a loss of $4.0 million in 2002, due primarily to increased investments in building out the international operations and the results of uDate. 2003 operating income reflects an increase of $12.9 million of amortization of intangibles related primarily to the Ticketmaster buy-in, which included Match.com, completed by IAC in January 2003 and the acquisition of uDate. OIBA margins decreased in 2003 relative to 2002 primarily due to losses of international operations, including uDate described above.
IAC Local Services
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2003 |
2002 |
Percentage Change |
||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 230.3 | $ | 30.8 | 648% | ||||
| Operating loss | (29.4 | ) | (86.3 | ) | 66% | ||||
| As a percentage of revenue | (12.8% | ) | (280.2% | ) | |||||
| OIBA | 26.2 | (32.3 | ) | NM | |||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 11.4% | (104.9% | ) | ||||||
Reconciliation of Operating loss to OIBA: |
|||||||||
| Operating loss | $ | (29.4 | ) | $ | (86.3 | ) | |||
| Amortization of non-cash distribution and marketing expense | 2.3 | 2.0 | |||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 53.3 | 46.4 | |||||||
| Merger costs | — | 5.6 | |||||||
| OIBA | $ | 26.2 | $ | (32.3 | ) | ||||
IAC Local Services consists primarily of Citysearch, including Evite, and Entertainment Publications. Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2003 increased due to the acquisition of Entertainment Publications in March 2003, which contributed $201.5 million of revenue, $40.4 million of operating income and $46.1 million of OIBA in 2003. Revenue for Citysearch declined as compared to 2002 due to the shift of the business model from building web sites for local businesses for an annual fee, to the introduction of a new pay-for performance business model in 2003, which is expected to grow over time. Due to cost cutting initiatives introduced in 2002 and continued in 2003, Citysearch was able to decrease its operating and OIBA losses as compared to the prior year.
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Financial Services and Real Estate
| |
Period from August 8 – December 31, 2003 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
||||
| Revenues | $ | 55.8 | |||
| Operating loss | (16.5 | ) | |||
| As a percentage of revenue | (29.6% | ) | |||
| OIBA | 1.2 | ||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 2.2% | ||||
Reconciliation of Operating loss to OIBA: |
|||||
| Operating loss | $ | (16.5 | ) | ||
| Amortization of non-cash compensation expense | 1.5 | ||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 16.2 | ||||
| OIBA | $ | 1.2 | |||
Financial Services and Real Estate consist of the results of LendingTree from the date of acquisition on August 8, 2003. The fourth quarter of 2003 was the first full quarter that LendingTree, along with the rest of the industry, began to encounter the expected lower demand for refinancings of mortgages. This trend resulted in fewer mortgage requests and closings, and as a result revenue and operating income showed declines in the fourth quarter of 2003 compared with the fourth quarter of 2002 of $3.3 million and $17.7 million respectively. Some of the decline was also due to an increasingly competitive environment, higher marketing spend at the end of 2003 in anticipation of the seasonally stronger first quarter of 2004 and the amortization of intangibles and non-cash compensation in relation to the IAC acquisition of $9.9 million.
For full year 2003 compared to 2002, LendingTree's revenue increased $48.8 million, or 44%, to $160.2 million, reflecting growth from both realty and lending services, particularly refinance mortgages.
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| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2003 |
2002 |
Percentage Change |
|||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 294.3 | $ | 294.1 | 0.0 | % | ||||
| Operating income (loss) | 12.5 | (26.4 | ) | NM | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 4.2 | % | (9.0% | ) | ||||||
| OIBA | 12.5 | (4.1 | ) | NM | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 4.2 | % | (1.4% | ) | ||||||
Reconciliation of Operating income (loss) to OIBA: |
||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | $ | 12.5 | $ | (26.4 | ) | |||||
| Goodwill Impairment | — | 22.2 | ||||||||
| OIBA | $ | 12.5 | $ | (4.1 | ) | |||||
Teleservices continued to make progress in its turnaround in 2003 despite tough economic conditions affecting the industry. While revenue remained flat, operating income and OIBA both increased over 2002. PRC continued to face significant pricing pressure and competition for reduced call volumes but PRC continued to grow organic market share to help offset these pressures. OIBA for 2002 included a goodwill impairment charge of $22.2 million recognized in the second quarter and a $7.9 million restructuring charge recognized for the closure of certain call centers. The goodwill impairment charge of $22.2 million noted above relates to contingent purchase consideration recorded in the second quarter of 2002 in connection with the purchase of Access Direct.
Excluding these charges in 2002, operating income and OIBA increased by $8.7 million due to decreases in call center capacity, fixed costs and depreciation expense in 2003. These costs decreased as management continued to focus on improving operating efficiencies and key strategic initiatives throughout the organization. PRC anticipates it will continue to realize the benefits of turnaround measures in 2004 although PRC expects the first and second quarters of 2004 to be adversely impacted by the anticipated termination of certain client programs. Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 includes $17.8 million and $9.9 million, respectively, for services provided to other IAC businesses.
In the second quarter of 2003 the Company ceased operations of Avaltus, Inc., a subsidiary of PRC. Accordingly, the results of operations and statement of position of Avaltus are presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented.
Corporate and Other
Corporate operating losses in 2003 were $186.0 million compared with $64.9 million in 2002. The significant increase is related primarily to non-cash compensation of $110.5 million, including the impact of unvested stock options assumed in the buy-ins of Ticketmaster, Hotels.com and Expedia and other acquisitions, as well as expense related to restricted stock units, which IAC began to issue in 2003 in lieu of stock options. We expect amortization of non-cash compensation of approximately $250 million for the full year 2004.
As noted in the Company's previous filings, the majority of the USA Broadcasting stations sold to Univision are located in the largest markets in the country and aired HSN on a 24-hour basis. As of January 2002, HSN switched its distribution in these markets directly to cable carriage. As a result, HSN initially lost approximately 12 million broadcast homes and accordingly, HSN's operating results
52
were affected. Disengagement expenses were $22.0 million in 2003 compared to $31.8 million in 2002, principally reflecting a decrease in marketing expenses.
Other Income (Expense)
Interest income in 2003 was $175.8 million compared with $114.6 million in 2002. The increase in interest income is due primarily to amounts earned on proceeds from the Vivendi transaction in May 2002, including (i) $37.3 million of PIK interest on the Series A Preferred in 2003 compared with $23.0 million in 2002 and (ii) $63.9 million of cash interest on the Series B Preferred in 2003 compared with $41.1 million in 2002. In addition, average cash and marketable securities on hand during 2003 and 2002 were $3.6 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively, resulting in higher interest income in 2003.
Interest expense in 2003 was $92.9 million compared with $44.5 million in 2002. The increase in interest expense is due primarily to an increase of $50.3 million related to the Company's $750 million 7% Senior Notes issued in December 2002, partially offset by a $6.2 million decrease in interest on the Company's $500 million 63/4% Senior Notes issued in 1998 due to repurchases made in late 2002 and 2003, including $92.2 million in aggregate principal amount that were repurchased during 2003. In 2003, the Company realized losses on the repurchase of bonds of ($8.6) million. During 2002, the Company realized losses of ($2.0) million in connection with the repurchase of bonds issued by Savoy Pictures Entertainment, Inc., a subsidiary of IAC.
The Company realized pre-tax losses in 2003 of ($224.5) million on equity losses from its investment in Vivendi Universal Entertainment, LLLP ("VUE"), a joint venture between the Company and Vivendi Universal, S.A. ("Vivendi") formed on May 7, 2002, compared with equity income of $6.1 million in 2002. During the first quarter of 2003, IAC received the audited financial statements of VUE for the year ended December 31, 2002, which disclosed that VUE recorded an impairment charge for goodwill and intangible assets and other long-lived assets of $4.5 billion in the period May 7, 2002 to December 31, 2002 based upon VUE management's review of the estimated fair value of VUE as of December 31, 2002. Because of delays in VUE's financial reporting, IAC records its 5.44% proportionate share of the results of VUE on a one-quarter lag. The charge taken by IAC in the first quarter of 2003 was approximately $245 million, before a tax benefit of $96 million.
For 2003 and 2002, the Company realized pre-tax income (losses) of $3.8 million and ($115.6) million, respectively, on equity income (losses) in unconsolidated subsidiaries and other expenses. The 2002 losses resulted primarily from pre-consolidation results of HOT Networks, which operates electronic retailing operations in Europe, and was impacted by charges of $88.3 million, relating primarily to the closure of HOT Network's Belgium and UK operations and a write-down of HSN's investment in China based on operating performance.
Income Taxes
The tax rate for continuing operations was 27% in 2003 compared to 58% in 2002. The 2003 tax rate is lower than the federal tax rate of 35% due principally to valuation allowances reversals of $34.2 million and a decrease in deferred tax liabilities of $13.3 million due to a change in the effective state tax rate. The valuation allowances were reversed based on an assessment that it was probable that the related tax benefits would be realized. The effective state tax rate decreased as a result of IAC's mergers with its formerly public subsidiaries in 2003 and the Vivendi transaction in 2002. Partially offsetting these decreases in income taxes are earnings in foreign jurisdictions that are taxed at rates higher than 35% and amortization of intangibles for book purposes for which the Company receives no tax deduction. The Company expects a tax rate of approximately 39% will apply for the full year 2004. In 2002, the Company recorded, in continuing operations, a tax benefit of $42 million related to a deduction related to its investment in HOT Networks.
53
Minority Interest
The 2003 amount represents the public's ownership of the Company's former public subsidiaries, Ticketmaster, Hotels.com and Expedia until the date of the respective buy-ins, HSE-Germany, and EUVÍA, including redeemable preferred equity interests issued by EUVÍA that are originally due in 2006, but EUVÍA has the right to extend maturity to 2016 based on meeting certain financial covenants. The EUVÍA preferred equity interest is only due to the holder under German law to the extent sufficient funds in excess of fixed capital at EUVÍA are available. In 2002 minority interest primarily represents Universal's and Liberty's ownership interest in USANi LLC through May 7, 2002, Liberty's ownership interest in Home Shopping Network, Inc. through June 27, 2002, the public's minority interests in Ticketmaster, Hotels.com and Expedia, HSE-Germany, and EUVÍA since its consolidation in July 2002.
Discontinued Operations
In the second quarter of 2003 USA Electronic Commerce Solutions ("ECS"), Styleclick, Inc. and Avaltus, Inc., a subsidiary of PRC, ceased operations. Accordingly, the results of operations and statement of position of these businesses are presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented. In addition, through May 7, 2002, the Company's results also included the USA Entertainment Group, consisting of USA Cable, including USA Network and Sci Fi Channel, and Emerging Networks TRIO, Newsworld International and Crime; Studios USA, which produces and distributes television programming; and USA Films, which produces and distributes films. The USA Entertainment Group was contributed to a joint venture with Vivendi on May 7, 2002. As a result, the results of operations and assets and liabilities of USA Entertainment are presented as a discontinued operation through May 7, 2002. The net gain on contribution of the USA Entertainment Group to VUE for the year ended December 31, 2002 was $2.4 billion, which occurred in the second quarter of 2002. The net income related to these discontinued businesses for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 was $40.7 million and $34.2 million, respectively, net of tax.
Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2002 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2001
IACT
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2002 |
2001 |
Percentage Change |
|||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 1,563.9 | $ | 536.5 | 192 | % | ||||
| Operating income | 177.9 | 15.8 | 1,026 | % | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 11.4 | % | 2.9 | % | ||||||
| OIBA | 279.8 | 129.6 | 116 | % | ||||||
| As a percentage of pro forma revenue | 17.5 | % | 15.6 | % | ||||||
Reconciliation of Operating income to OIBA: |
||||||||||
| Operating income | $ | 177.9 | $ | 15.8 | ||||||
| Amortization of non-cash distribution and marketing expense | 32.7 | 17.0 | ||||||||
| Amortization of non-cash compensation expense | 5.7 | — | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 53.5 | 0.6 | ||||||||
| Amortization of goodwill | — | 46.4 | ||||||||
| Merger costs | 2.3 | — | ||||||||
| Pro forma adjustments | 7.7 | 49.8 | ||||||||
| OIBA | $ | 279.8 | $ | 129.6 | ||||||
54
Revenue growth in 2002 was primarily driven by the acquisition of a controlling interest in Expedia on February 4, 2002, as well as by the acquisition of Interval International on September 24, 2002 and the acquisition of TV Travel Shop on May 1, 2002. These acquisitions accounted for revenue in 2002 of approximately $553.7 million, $38.7 million and $26.1 million, respectively. Excluding the results of these operations, IAC Travel revenues increased approximately $408.9 million, or 76.2%, primarily as a result of the growth of the new website and brand, Hotels.com, and the growth in travel and lodging bookings through the Internet. Merchant room nights sold increased 84.7% to 7.8 million in 2002 from 4.2 million in 2001 in part due to the addition of 147 new markets in 2002, including 85 new markets in international locations, a 69.1% increase in properties, as well as an increase in room allotments available for sale. Revenues derived from Hotels.com agreement with Travelocity, its largest affiliate at the time, accounted for approximately 11% of IACT total revenues in 2002 and 18% of total revenue in 2001. Assuming IAC's initial acquisition of a majority stake in Expedia in February 2002 had occurred at the beginning of the periods presented, pro forma revenues for IACT for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 would have been $1.6 billion and $833.4 million, respectively.
Operating income and OIBA were impacted in 2002 by increased advertising and promotional costs and increased costs to support the higher level of sales. IACT incurred advertising and marketing expenses of $246.5 million in 2002, up 572% from the prior year due to the acquisitions and in order to build the brands and drive traffic to the sites, including the Hotels.com site launched in 2002.
As previously disclosed, Expedia presents its merchant hotel revenue on a net basis and Hotels.com presents its merchant hotel revenue on a gross basis. Assuming both companies presented merchant revenue on a net basis, IAC Travel's pro forma net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 would have been $907.0 million and $156.6 million, respectively.
Electronic Retailing
HSN U.S.
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2002 |
2001 |
Percentage Change |
|||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 1,613.2 | $ | 1,660.1 | (3 | %) | ||||
| Operating income | 130.5 | 103.6 | 26 | % | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 8.1 | % | 6.2 | % | ||||||
| OIBA | 163.1 | 137.4 | 19 | % | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 10.1 | % | 8.3 | % | ||||||
Reconciliation of Operating income to OIBA: |
||||||||||
| Operating income | $ | 130.5 | $ | 103.6 | ||||||
| Amortization of non-cash compensation expense | 0.3 | 0.2 | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 32.3 | 0.9 | ||||||||
| Amortization of goodwill | — | 32.7 | ||||||||
| OIBA | $ | 163.1 | $ | 137.4 | ||||||
Top-line revenue decreased due to a shift in product mix, the challenging retail environment and disengagement (see below). The average price point for the year decreased to $44.71 in 2002 from $46.54 in 2001 on slightly increased units shipped. However, gross margin at HSN increased 320 bps, to 37.2% in 2002 compared to 34.0% in 2001 due primarily to the impacts of a shift in product mix from lower margin products such as computers and electronics to higher margin products such as Apparel, Health and Beauty and Home—Softlines. Computers and electronics comprised approximately 5% more of total sales in 2001 as compared to 2002, and carry a gross margin of approximately 22%. Apparel, Health and Beauty and Home—Softlines comprised approximately 6% more of total sales in 2002 as compared to 2001, and carried a gross margin in 2002 of approximately 42%. Margins were also positively impacted in 2002 due to a reduction in return rates (18.6% in 2002 from 18.9% in 2001)
55
and a reduction in mark-downs and clearance sales which resulted in an increase in gross profits of $11.8 million over the prior year. Returns had a favorable impact on margins of $7.5 million. In addition, net shipping and handling revenue increased due in part to lower shipping and handling costs of $5.9 million. The improvements were driven by efficiency improvements at the Company's California warehouse facility that opened in 2001, and lower drop shipment costs due to a shift away from computer and electronics, which are primarily drop shipped to consumers.
The increase in operating income was also impacted by the change in gross margins discussed above, as well as being positively impacted by increased sales via HSN.com, which result in lower costs per order and accounted for 12% of sales in 2002 versus 8% in 2001. In addition, amounts paid to broadcasters in 2002 decreased $7.3 million, due principally to the Company entering new cable distribution agreements as a result of disengagement, which is explained further below. Operating income in 2001 was adversely impacted by the events of September 11th as viewers turned to coverage of the events. HSN ceased live programming for a short period after the events of September 11th and aired live news programming from USA Cable's NWI. As previously disclosed, 2002 revenue was impacted by the disengagement of former USA Broadcasting stations that aired Home Shopping programming in late 2001 and early 2002. See below for further information on disengagement. On a pro forma basis, based on the estimated impact of disengagement for the 2001 results, net revenues for 2002 increased by $91.8 million, or 6.0%, to $1.61 billion from $1.52 billion.
Disengagement
As noted in the Company's previous filings, the majority of the USAB stations sold to Univision are located in the largest markets in the country and aired HSN on a 24-hour basis. As of January 2002, HSN switched its distribution in these markets directly to cable carriage. As a result, HSN initially lost approximately 12 million broadcast homes and accordingly, HSN's operating results were affected. In order to effectively transfer HSN's distribution to cable, in 2002 HSN incurred charges of approximately $31.8 million, in the form of payments to cable operators and related marketing expenses, including $2.2 million of redemptions of coupons offered to customers impacted by disengagement. The Company has supplemented its discussion of HSN's results by including a comparison of 2002 to 2001, adjusted for the estimated impact of disengagement on revenues.
HSN International
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2002 |
2001 |
Percentage Change |
|||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 309.0 | $ | 270.7 | 14 | % | ||||
| Operating loss | (62.3 | ) | (28.3 | ) | (120 | %) | ||||
| As a percentage of revenue | (20.2 | %) | (10.5 | %) | ||||||
| OIBA | (61.6 | ) | (27.8 | ) | (122 | %) | ||||
| As a percentage of revenue | (19.9 | %) | (10.3 | %) | ||||||
Reconciliation of Operating loss to OIBA: |
||||||||||
| Operating loss | $ | (62.3 | ) | $ | (28.3 | ) | ||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 0.7 | 0.5 | ||||||||
| OIBA | $ | (61.6 | ) | $ | (27.8 | ) | ||||
HSN International consisted primarily of HSE–Germany, EUVÍA since its consolidation in July 2002 and HSN–Espanol, until it was shut down in the second quarter of 2002. The increase in revenues is due to the consolidation of EUVÍA as of the third quarter of 2002, which resulted in increased revenue of $26.4 million; an increase in revenue of HSE–Germany of $25.6 million, or 10.3%, to $272.9 million in 2002 from $247.3 million in 2001; and a decrease in sales of HSN–Espanol of $13.7 million. Net revenues for HSE–Germany in local currency increased 4.6%, primarily due to lower
56
cancellation rates, higher shipped sales, and lower return rates in 2002 compared to 2001. HSE–Germany sales in 2001 were affected by operational complications relating to the conversion to a new order management system, which were resolved in 2002.
The Company shut down the operations of HSN–Espanol, which operated a Spanish language electronic retailing operations serving customers primarily in the United States and Mexico, in the second quarter of 2002, resulting in operating and OIBA losses for 2002 of $17.8 million. During the third quarter of 2002, the Company decided to discontinue its active majority interest in the HSE–Italy business, resulting in a restructuring charge of $31.4 million, which impacted both operating losses and OIBA.
Ticketing Operations
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2002 |
2001 |
Percentage Change |
|||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 655.3 | $ | 579.7 | 13 | % | ||||
| Operating income | 96.9 | 15.2 | 538 | % | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 14.8 | % | 2.6 | % | ||||||
| OIBA | 108.1 | 74.3 | 45 | % | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 16.5 | % | 12.8 | % | ||||||
Reconciliation of Operating income to OIBA: |
||||||||||
| Operating income | $ | 96.9 | $ | 15.2 | ||||||
| Amortization of non-cash distribution and marketing expense |
1.0 | 0.4 | ||||||||
| Amortization of non-cash compensation expense | 0.5 | 1.1 | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 9.7 | 10.0 | ||||||||
| Amortization of goodwill | — | 47.6 | ||||||||
| OIBA | $ | 108.1 | $ | 74.3 | ||||||
Revenue growth in 2002 is primarily due to a 5% increase in the average revenue per ticket, and a 10% increase in the number of tickets sold to 95.1 million. The increase in tickets sold primarily reflects Ticketing's successful growth efforts in its existing domestic and international markets, further increased by an acquisition in Norway in October 2001 and in the Netherlands in June 2002 which resulted in increased revenue of $5.6 million and $6.0 million, respectively. Operating income and OIBA increased in 2002 due primarily to the increases discussed above and due to increased margins in Ticketing's domestic and international operations, partly offset by the adverse effects in 2001 related to the events surrounding September 11, 2001. The impact of the acquisitions in Norway and the Netherlands resulted in increased operating income and OIBA of approximately $1.1 million.
Personals
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2002 |
2001 |
Percentage Change |
|||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 125.8 | $ | 49.3 | 155 | % | ||||
| Operating income (loss) | 22.6 | (8.9 | ) | NM | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 18.0 | % | (18.1 | %) | ||||||
| OIBA | 28.4 | 14.7 | 93 | % | ||||||
| As a percentage of revenue | 22.6 | % | 29.8 | % | ||||||
Reconciliation of Operating income (loss) to OIBA: |
||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | $ | 22.6 | $ | (8.9 | ) | |||||
| Amortization of non-cash distribution and marketing expense |
5.8 | 5.9 | ||||||||
| Amortization of goodwill | — | 17.7 | ||||||||
| OIBA | $ | 28.4 | $ | 14.7 | ||||||
57
Net revenues in 2002 grew as the average number of personals subscriptions increased 149% in 2002 compared to 2001. Subscriber growth came through all channels including partnerships, direct domains and affiliates. Revenue growth also was positively impacted, in part, by the eight months of activity associated with the acquisition of Soulmates, which was acquired in April of 2002. The increase in operating income is primarily attributable to the revenue growth noted above, partially offset by higher cost of revenue and sales and marketing expenses as the Company sought to aggressively grow consumer brand recognition in 2002.
IAC Local Services
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2002 |
2001 |
Percentage Change |
|||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 30.8 | $ | 46.1 | (33 | %) | ||||
| Operating loss | (86.3 | ) | (150.7 | ) | 43 | % | ||||
| As a percentage of revenue | (280.2 | %) | (326.9 | %) | ||||||
| OIBA | (32.3 | ) | (40.8 | ) | 21 | % | ||||
| As a percentage of revenue | (104.9 | %) | (88.5 | %) | ||||||
Reconciliation of Operating loss to OIBA: |
||||||||||
| Operating loss | $ | (86.3 | ) | $ | (150.7 | ) | ||||
| Amortization of non-cash distribution and marketing expense | 2.0 | 11.4 | ||||||||
| Amortization of non-cash compensation expense | — | 1.4 | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 46.4 | 64.4 | ||||||||
| Amortization of goodwill | — | 32.7 | ||||||||
| Merger costs | 5.6 | — | ||||||||
| OIBA | $ | (32.3 | ) | $ | (40.8 | ) | ||||
IAC Local Services consists primarily of Citysearch, including Evite. Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2002 decreased due primarily to continued softness in the online advertising market as well as the Company's strategic decision to transition its revenue base to advertising products with better profit potential for the Company. Operating losses decreased due primarily to initiatives to reduce operating costs.
58
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2002 |
2001 |
Percentage Change |
|||||||
| |
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 294.1 | $ | 296.2 | (1 | %) | ||||
| Operating loss | (26.4 | ) | (40.3 | ) | 34 | % | ||||
| As a percentage of revenue | (9.0 | %) | (13.6 | %) | ||||||
| OIBA | (4.1 | ) | (5.2 | ) | 21 | % | ||||
| As a percentage of revenue | (1.4 | %) | (1.8 | %) | ||||||
Reconciliation of Operating loss to OIBA: |
||||||||||
| Operating loss | $ | (26.4 | ) | $ | (40.3 | ) | ||||
| Amortization of goodwill | — | 35.1 | ||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | 22.2 | — | ||||||||
| OIBA | $ | (4.1 | ) | $ | (5.2 | ) | ||||
Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2002 remained flat. Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 includes $9.9 million and $7.1 million, respectively, for services provided to other IAC businesses. The decrease in operating loss in 2002 is due primarily to a decrease in goodwill amortization of $35.1 million in 2001 offset by a goodwill impairment charge of $22.2 million recognized in the second quarter of 2002. Operating loss and OIBA include charges of $7.9 million and $2.9 million in 2002 and 2001, respectively, due to call center closures and the reduction in workforce.
Restructuring Charges
Restructuring charges were $54.1 million in 2002 and $3.9 million in 2001. The 2002 amounts relate to various business segments, including $14.8 million for HSN-International related to the shut-down of HSN-Espanol, the Company's Spanish language electronic retailing operation, due to high costs of carriage and disappointing sales per home; $31.4 million related to HSE-Italy due to large losses incurred in the market and uncertainty as to the ability to reach profitability; $7.9 million for PRC related principally to the shut-down of three call centers and resulting employee terminations due principally to the decline in the teleservices market that resulted in excess industry capacity and lower pricing. Costs that relate to ongoing operations are not part of the restructuring charges and are not included in "Restructuring Charges" on the statement of operations. Furthermore, all inventory and accounts receivable adjustments that resulted from the restructuring actions are classified as operating expenses in the statement of operations. The 2001 amounts relate to various business segments, including $2.9 million for PRC related to a reduction of workforce and capacity due principally to the decline in the teleservicing market and $0.9 million for Citysearch due to a change in the business model.
Other Income (Expense)
Interest income in 2002 was $114.6 million compared with $26.8 million in 2001. The increase in interest income is due primarily to amounts earned on proceeds from the VUE transaction in May 2002, including (i) $23.0 million of PIK interest on the Series A Preferred in 2002 and (ii) $41.1 million of cash interest on the Series B Preferred in 2002. In addition, average cash and marketable securities on hand during the year ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 were $2.5 billion and $0.8 million, respectively, which resulted in increased interest income in 2002.
59
For the year ended December 31, 2002, the Company realized pre-tax income of $6.1 million related to equity in the income from its investment in VUE, a joint venture between the Company and Vivendi formed on May 7, 2002.
In 2002 and 2001, the Company realized pre-tax losses of ($115.6) million and ($49.8) million, respectively, on equity losses in unconsolidated subsidiaries and other expenses. The 2002 losses resulted primarily from the pre-consolidation results of HOT Networks, which operates electronic retailing operations in Europe, and was impacted primarily by charges of $88.3 million, relating primarily to the impact of HOT Networks closing its Belgium and UK operations in 2002 as well as due to a write-down of HSN's investment in China based on operating performance.
Income Taxes
The tax rate for continuing operations was 58% in 2002 compared to 4% in 2001. The 2002 tax rate is higher than the federal tax rate of 35% due principally to the impact of earnings in foreign jurisdictions that are taxed at rates higher than 35%, amortization of intangibles for book purposes for which the Company receives no deduction, state income taxes, offset partially by the reversal of valuation allowances of $29.0 million that were provided against deferred tax assets in prior years based on the current assessment of the realizability of such amounts. In 2002, the Company also realized a tax benefit of $42.0 million in continuing operations related to a deduction received related to the restructuring of HOT Networks. In 2001, the Company had tax expense even though it had a loss from continuing operations due primarily to the items discussed above, except that it recorded $53.7 million of valuation allowances for deferred tax assets that the Company did not believe would be realized, based upon its assessment of the facts and circumstances in 2001.
Discontinued Operations
In the second quarter of 2003, ECS, Styleclick, Inc. and Avaltus, Inc., a subsidiary of PRC, ceased operations. Accordingly, the results of operations and statement of position of these businesses are presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented. In addition, the USA Entertainment Group, which was contributed to VUE on May 7, 2002, and USA Broadcasting are presented as discontinued operations for all applicable periods presented. The net income related to these discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 were $34.2 million and $37.8 million, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2001, the USA Entertainment Group recorded expense of $9.2 million related to the cumulative effect of adoption of Statement of Position 00-2 "Accounting By Producers or Distributors of Films."
60
Reconciliation of OIBA
The following table is a reconciliation of OIBA to operating income (loss) and net earnings available to common shareholders for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001.
| |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
| |
(In Thousands) |
|||||||||
| OIBA | $ | 860,064 | $ | 389,116 | $ | 237,976 | ||||
| Amortization of non-cash distribution and marketing expense | (51,432 | ) | (37,344 | ) | (26,385 | ) | ||||
| Amortization of non-cash compensation expense | (128,185 | ) | (15,637 | ) | (7,608 | ) | ||||
| Amortization of intangibles | (268,504 | ) | (145,667 | ) | (294,486 | ) | ||||
| Goodwill impairment | — | (22,247 | ) | — | ||||||
| Merger costs(a) | (11,760 | ) | (7,910 | ) | — | |||||
| Pro forma adjustments(b) | — | (7,713 | ) | (49,815 | ) | |||||
| Operating income (loss) | 400,183 | 152,598 | (140,318 | ) | ||||||
| Interest income | 175,822 | 114,599 | 26,787 | |||||||
| Interest expense | (92,913 | ) | (44,467 | ) | (46,132 | ) | ||||
| Equity in (losses) earnings of VUE | (224,468 | ) | 6,107 | — | ||||||
| Equity in earnings (losses) in unconsolidated subsidiaries and other expenses | 3,767 | (115,640 | ) | (49,798 | ) | |||||
| Income tax expense | (70,691 | ) | (65,127 | ) | (9,181 | ) | ||||
| Minority interest | (65,043 | ) | (46,073 | ) | 55,831 | |||||
| Gain on contribution of USA Entertainment to VUE, net of tax | — | 2,378,311 | — | |||||||
| Gain on disposal of Broadcasting stations, net of tax | — | — | 517,847 | |||||||
| Discontinued operations, net of tax | 40,739 | 34,184 | 37,759 | |||||||
| Cumulative effect of accounting change, net of tax | — | (461,389 | ) | (9,187 | ) | |||||
| Preferred dividend | (13,055 | ) | (11,759 | ) | — | |||||
| Net earnings available to common shareholders | $ | 154,341 | $ | 1,941,344 | $ | 383,608 | ||||
61
FINANCIAL POSITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Net cash provided by operating activities was $1.3 billion in 2003 compared to $778.5 million in 2002. These cash proceeds and available cash were used to pay for acquisition and deal costs, net of acquired cash, of $1.1 billion for the acquisitions of Entertainment Publications, LendingTree, Hotwire.com and Anyway.com, $497.0 million to purchase marketable securities and $186.9 million to make capital expenditures.
Expedia's and Hotels.com's working capital cash flows from their merchant hotel business models contributed significantly to the increase in cash provided by operating activities. In the merchant business, Expedia and Hotels.com receive cash from customers on hotel and air bookings before the stay or flight has occurred. These amounts are classified on our balance sheet as deferred revenue and deferred merchant bookings. The payment to the suppliers related to these bookings is not made until approximately one week after booking for air travel and, for all other merchant bookings, after the customer's use and subsequent billing from the supplier. Therefore, especially for the hotel business, which is the majority of our merchant bookings, there is a significant period of time from the receipt of the cash from the customers to the payment to the suppliers. In 2003, deferred merchant bookings and deferred revenue at IACT increased $135.8 million. There is a seasonal element to cash flow related to merchant bookings, as the first and second quarters have traditionally been quarters where hotel bookings significantly exceed stays, resulting in much higher cash flow related to working capital. In the other quarters, the difference between bookings and stays tends to be more even. In addition to the timing related increases noted above at Expedia and Hotels.com, cash provided by operating activities benefited from timing related increases in working capital at HSN U.S.
As of December 31, 2003, the Company had $899.1 million of cash and $2.4 billion of marketable securities on hand, including $114.7 million in funds representing amounts equal to the face value of tickets sold by Ticketmaster on behalf of its clients. Ticketmaster net funds collected on behalf of clients resulted in increased cash from operations of $1.7 million, $26.4 million and $6.9 million in 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
On March 19, 2003 and November 5, 2003, IAC announced that its Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to 30 million and 50 million shares of IAC common stock, respectively. IAC may purchase shares over an indefinite period of time, on the open market or through private transactions, depending on market conditions, share price and other factors. The amount and timing of purchases, if any, will depend on market conditions and other factors, including IAC's overall capital structure. Pursuant to the Board's authorization, through December 31, 2003, IAC purchased 41.3 million shares for aggregate consideration of $1.4 billion leaving an outstanding authorization to purchase 38.7 million shares. Funds for these purchases will come from cash on hand. Furthermore, not related to the IAC authorization and prior to the Hotels.com and Expedia mergers, during the year ended December 31, 2003, Hotels.com repurchased approximately 1.55 million shares of its Class A common stock for an aggregate $73.5 million and Expedia repurchased approximately 0.8 million shares of its common stock for an aggregate cost of $25.0 million.
During 2003, the Company received proceeds of approximately $1.2 billion related to the sale of 48.7 million shares of common stock to Liberty, pursuant to Liberty's preemptive rights in relation to the Ticketmaster merger, the uDate acquisition, the Expedia and Hotels.com mergers and in connection with IAC option exercises between May 2, 2003 and June 3, 2003. Liberty did not exercise its preemptive rights with respect to the LendingTree transaction.
On June 30, 2003 pursuant to the exercise, as Barry Diller's designee, of a right of first refusal, the Company purchased from Vivendi warrants to acquire 28.2 million shares of IAC common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $407.4 million.
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On August 8, 2003, in conjunction with the Expedia merger, the Company purchased approximately 0.8 million warrants for $32.2 million which were issued by Expedia in February 2002.
During 2003, the Company repurchased $92.2 million principal amount of its 6.75% Senior Notes due November 15, 2005 for an aggregate purchase price of $100.8 million.
IAC anticipates that it will need to invest working capital towards the development and expansion of its overall operations. The Company may make acquisitions, which could result in the reduction of its cash balance or the incurrence of debt. Furthermore, future capital expenditures may be higher than current amounts over the next several years.
The uncertainty caused by the current economic, political and transportation climates may affect future demand for our products and services. As previously discussed, a significant amount of operating cash flow is from increased deferred merchant bookings and the period between receipt of cash from the customer and decrease in operating cash flow, or negative operating cash flows. We believe that our financial situation would enable us to absorb a significant potential downturn in business. As a result, in management's opinion, available cash, internally generated funds and available borrowings will provide sufficient capital resources to meet IAC's foreseeable needs.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMERCIAL COMMITMENTS
| Contractual Obligations |
Payments Due by Period |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Total |
Less than 1 year |
1-3 years |
3-5 years |
More than 5 years |
||||||||||
| |
(In Thousands) |
||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | 1,119,595 | $ | 182 | $ | 361,256 | $ | 494 | $ | 757,663 | |||||
| Capital lease obligations | 3,923 | 2,668 | 1,255 | — | — | ||||||||||
| Purchase obligations(a) | 59,595 | 29,458 | 22,962 | 7,175 | — | ||||||||||
| Operating leases | 423,760 | 108,574 | 122,378 | 81,343 | 111,465 | ||||||||||
| Total contractual cash obligations | $ | 1,606,873 | $ | 140,882 | $ | 507,851 | $ | 89,012 | $ | 869,128 | |||||
| |
Amount of Commitment Expiration Per Period |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other Commercial Commitments* |
Total Amounts Committed |
Less than 1 year |
1-3 years |
3-5 years |
||||||||
| |
(In Thousands) |
|||||||||||
| Letters of credit | $ | 49,328 | $ | 46,649 | $ | 2,679 | $ | — | ||||
| Guarantees | 51,079 | 6,398 | 44,371 | 310 | ||||||||
| Total Commercial Commitments | $ | 100,407 | $ | 53,047 | $ | 47,050 | $ | 310 | ||||
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RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURE
The following table reconciles OIBA to operating income (loss) for the Company's reporting segments and to net earnings available to common shareholders in total (in millions, rounding differences may occur):
| |
For the year ended December 31, 2003 |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
OIBA |
Amortization of non-cash items |
Merger Costs |
Operating income (loss) |
|||||||||
| IAC Travel | $ | 523.8 | $ | (165.2 | ) | $ | (11.7 | ) | $ | 347.0 | |||
| HSN U.S. | 190.3 | (50.8 | ) | — | 139.5 | ||||||||
| HSN International | 32.6 | (1.3 | ) | — | 31.3 | ||||||||
| Ticketing | 144.5 | (27.9 | ) | (0.1 | ) | 116.5 | |||||||
| Personals | 31.0 | (16.9 | ) | — | 14.1 | ||||||||
| IAC Local Services | 26.2 | (55.6 | ) | — | (29.4 | ) | |||||||
| Financial Services and Real Estate | 1.2 | (17.7 | ) | — | (16.5 | ) | |||||||
| Teleservices | 12.5 | — | — | 12.5 | |||||||||
| Interactive Development | (3.8 | ) | (2.1 | ) | — | (5.9 | ) | ||||||
| Corporate expense and other adjustments | (75.5 | ) | (110.5 | ) | — | (186.0 | ) | ||||||
| Disengagement expenses | (22.0 | ) | — | — | (22.0 | ) | |||||||
| Intersegment Elimination | (0.8 | ) | — | — | (0.8 | ) | |||||||
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