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As Of Filer Filing As/For/On Docs:Pgs Issuer Agent 10/26/06 Home Inns & Hotels Management Inc 424B4 1:330 RR Donnelley/FA
Document/Exhibit Description Pages Size 1: 424B4 Prospectus HTML 2,122K
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| 424B4 |
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4)
Registration No. 333-137800
7,900,000 American Depositary Shares
Home Inns & Hotels Management Inc.
Representing 15,800,000 Ordinary Shares
This is the initial public offering of American depositary shares, or ADSs, of Home Inns & Hotels Management Inc., or Home Inns. Home Inns is offering 4,885,827 ADSs, and the selling shareholders disclosed in this prospectus are offering an additional 3,014,173 ADSs. Each ADS represents two ordinary shares. The ADSs are evidenced by American depositary receipts, or ADRs. Home Inns will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of ADSs by the selling shareholders.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the ADSs or the shares. The initial public offering price of the ADSs is US$13.80 per ADS. The ADSs have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “HMIN.”
The underwriters have an option to purchase up to an additional 988,410 ADSs from Home Inns and an additional 196,590 ADSs from the selling shareholders at the initial public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions, within 30 days from the date of this prospectus.
See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 13 to read about risks you should consider before buying the ADSs.
| Initial public offering price |
Underwriting discounts and commissions |
Proceeds, before expenses, to Home Inns |
Proceeds, before the selling | |||||
| Per ADS |
US$13.80 | US$0.966 | US$12.834 | US$12.834 | ||||
| Total |
US$109,020,000 | US$7,631,400 | US$62,704,704 | US$38,683,896 | ||||
The underwriters expect to deliver the ADSs evidenced by the ADRs against payment in U.S. dollars in New York, New York on October 31, 2006.
Neither the United States Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission or other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
| Credit Suisse | Merrill Lynch & Co. |
| Deutsche Bank Securities | ||
The date of this prospectus is October 25, 2006
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| MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
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| F-1 |
No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representations. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the ADSs offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information in this prospectus is current only as of the date of this prospectus.
Through and including November 19, 2006 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to a dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to unsold allotments or subscriptions.
i
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information and financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition to this summary, we urge you to read the entire prospectus carefully, especially the risks of investing in our ADSs discussed under “Risk Factors,” before deciding whether to buy our ADSs.
Home Inns & Hotels Management Inc.
We are a leading economy hotel chain in China based on the number of our hotels and the number of our hotel rooms as well as the geographic coverage of our hotel chain. We develop and operate economy hotels across China under our award-winning “Home Inn” brand. Since we commenced operations in 2002, we have become one of the best-known economy hotel brands in China. We offer a consistent product and high-quality services to primarily serve the fast growing population of value-conscious individual business and leisure travelers who demand clean, comfortable and convenient lodging.
We have achieved our growth by utilizing two business models. We either lease real estate properties on which we develop and operate hotels or we franchise our brand to hotel owners and manage these hotel properties. We refer to the former type of hotels as “leased-and-operated hotels” and to the latter type of hotels as “franchised-and-managed hotels.” As of June 30, 2006, our Home Inns hotel chain consisted of 63 leased-and-operated hotels in operation with an additional 33 leased-and-operated hotels under development, and 19 franchised-and-managed hotels in operation with an additional 24 franchised-and-managed hotels under development, covering 40 cities in China. We have received many awards and accolades for our innovative, consistent and high-quality product and services across our hotel chain, including the “2006 Leading Brand in Economy Hotels in China” from the China Hotel Association and the “Golden Pillow Award” for best brand in economy hotels in China in 2006 from the 21st Century Business Herald, a nationwide economic journal in China.
We have experienced substantial growth while maintaining profitability since 2003. Our Home Inns hotels in operation grew rapidly from 10 hotels in four cities as of the end of 2003 to 68 hotels in 22 cities as of the end of 2005, and our net income grew from RMB1.5 million in 2003 to RMB20.9 million (US$2.6 million) in 2005. In the six months ended June 30, 2006, we generated total revenues of RMB249.1 million (US$31.2 million) and net income of RMB27.2 million (US$3.4 million).
Industry Background
China’s lodging industry has expanded rapidly as a result of the substantial growth of the Chinese economy over the past several years. According to Euromonitor International, or Euromonitor, total sales in China’s lodging industry grew from RMB190 billion in 1999 to RMB264 billion in 2004.
While China’s lodging industry continues to grow, it remains highly fragmented. According to Euromonitor, hotels accounted for only approximately 5% of total lodging outlets in China in 2004, with the remainder being guesthouses and other privately owned lodging outlets. Within the hotel sector of the lodging industry, the top ten brands accounted for an approximate 6% market share in 2004 in terms of sales.
Economy hotel chains have emerged and expanded in China in recent years to primarily target value-conscious individual business and leisure travelers. The growth in demand for economy hotel chains in China is
1
being driven by both general factors, such as the growth of the Chinese economy and the growth of China’s travel and lodging industry, as well as more specific factors, such as a rapid increase in the number of small-to medium-sized enterprises, or SMEs, the growth of domestic tourism, the expansion of urban business centers and the fragmentation of the lodging industry.
We believe the economy hotel market in China is still at an early stage of development. There are significant growth opportunities for economy hotel operators to develop new properties and convert existing lodging facilities. Competitiveness of an economy hotel chain is determined by the hotel chain’s ability to provide a consistent product, high-quality services, an efficient reservation system and effective sales channels, as well as its brand-name recognition and geographic coverage. We believe economy hotel chains that have established a reputable brand and a nationwide network, such as our Home Inns hotel chain, are well-positioned to capture the opportunities presented by the continuing growth of the economy hotel market in China.
Our Strengths, Strategies and Challenges
We believe that the following competitive strengths contribute to our success and differentiate us from our competitors:
| • | scale and leadership in the economy hotel market in China as measured by the number of our hotels and the number of our hotel rooms as well as the geographic coverage of our hotel chain; |
| • | innovative, distinctive and consistent product; |
| • | outstanding track record as evidenced by our ability to rapidly expand our hotel chain from ten hotels operating in four cities as of the end of 2003 to 82 hotels operating in 26 cities as of June 30, 2006 while having maintained profitability since 2003; |
| • | efficient and integrated operational infrastructure and information systems; and |
| • | experienced management team and motivated staff. |
Our goal is to become the leading economy hotel chain in China. We intend to achieve our goal by pursuing the following growth strategies:
| • | expand geographical coverage to capitalize on our early-mover advantage; |
| • | increase penetration in existing markets; |
| • | continue to build brand awareness and customer loyalty; |
| • | increase our revenue per available room, or RevPAR, by optimizing customer channel mix and maximizing room rate growth; and |
| • | further enhance our information and operational systems and human resources management. |
The successful execution of our strategies is subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including:
| • | risks associated with our limited operating history; |
| • | uncertainties associated with our ability to continue our growth while maintaining our profitability; |
| • | uncertainties associated with our ability to fund working capital needs as we have incurred a working capital deficit resulting primarily from payables relating to the cost of leasehold improvements; |
| • | uncertainties in our ability to expand our operations while maintaining the consistent quality of our product and enhancing profitability; |
| • | uncertainties in our ability to respond to competitive pressures; and |
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| • | uncertainties associated with factors typically affecting the lodging industry, including changes in economic conditions, natural disasters or outbreaks of serious contagious diseases in markets where we have a presence. |
Please see “Risk Factors” and other information included in this prospectus for a detailed discussion of these risks and uncertainties.
Corporate Information
We incorporated Home Inns & Hotels Management (Hong Kong) Limited, or Home Inns Hong Kong, in May 2001 and commenced operations in July 2002 through Home Inns & Hotels Management (Beijing) Co, Ltd., or Home Inns Beijing, a company established in China, and its subsidiaries and affiliates. In May 2006, we established a holding company, Home Inns & Hotels Management Inc., under the laws of the Cayman Islands in preparation for this offering.
Our principal executive offices are located at No. 400 Tian Yao Qiao Road, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China. Our telephone number at this address is +(8621) 6486-1818. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the offices of M&C Corporate Services Limited, P.O Box 309GT, Ugland House, South Church Street, George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, British West Indies. In addition, we have two branch offices in China. Our agent for service of process in the United States is CT Corporation System, located at 111 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10011.
Investors should contact us for any inquiries through the address and telephone number of our principal executive offices. Our website is http://www.homeinns.com. The information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus.
3
Corporate Structure and History
The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, the place of formation and the ownership interests of our subsidiaries as of September 30, 2006.
| * | Home Inns Shanghai owns 75% of one joint venture and 51% of each of the other three joint ventures. |
Home Inns Hong Kong was incorporated in Hong Kong in May 2001 by its individual founders and Ctrip.com International, Ltd., or Ctrip, a leading China-based travel consolidator. Through a series of transactions, Ctrip disposed of all of its ownership interest in Home Inns Hong Kong in August 2003 to focus on its core business of travel consolidation and to prepare for its initial public offering, which was completed in December 2003.
In April 2002, Home Inns Hong Kong and Beijing Capital Travel International Hotel Group Co., Ltd., or Beijing Capital Travel, entered into a joint venture agreement to form Home Inns Beijing to operate branded economy hotels in China. Beijing Capital Travel is a subsidiary of Beijing Tourism Group, or BTG. Home Inns Hong Kong and BTG owned 55% and 45%, respectively, of Home Inns Beijing when it commenced operations in July 2002. Subsequently, Home Inns Hong Kong gradually increased its ownership interest in Home Inns Beijing by contributing additional funds to the registered capital of Home Inns Beijing. Home Inns Hong Kong’s ownership interest in Home Inns Beijing was increased to 95.59% as of February 2005.
We have been actively managing Home Inns Beijing since its inception. Home Inns Hong Kong’s ownership in Home Inns Beijing was accounted for under the equity method since Home Inns Beijing’s inception until April 2004, because during this period of time, BTG had substantive participation rights that enabled it to veto significant decisions made by Home Inns Hong Kong. In April 2004, Home Inns Hong Kong and Beijing Capital Travel entered into a revised joint venture agreement, under which Home Inns Hong Kong obtained control of Home Inns Beijing. As a result, Home Inns Beijing has been our consolidated subsidiary since then.
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In May 2006, we incorporated Home Inns & Hotels Management Inc. in the Cayman Islands in preparation for this offering. In June 2006, all of the then-existing shareholders of Home Inns Hong Kong exchanged their respective shares of Home Inns Hong Kong for an equivalent number of shares of Home Inns & Hotels Management Inc. of equivalent classes. As a result, Home Inns Hong Kong became our wholly owned subsidiary in June 2006. Our consolidated financial statements reflect the share exchange in June 2006 and have been prepared as if our current corporate structure had been in existence throughout the relevant periods.
5
Conventions Which Apply to this Prospectus
Unless we indicate otherwise, all information in this prospectus reflects the following:
| • | no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase up to 988,410 additional ADSs representing 1,976,820 ordinary shares from us and up to 196,590 additional ADSs representing 393,180 ordinary shares from the selling shareholders; and |
| • | conversion of all outstanding preferred shares to ordinary shares immediately prior to the closing of this offering. |
Except where the context otherwise requires and for purposes of this prospectus only:
| • | “we,” “us,” “our company,” “our” and “Home Inns” refer to Home Inns & Hotels Management Inc., a Cayman Islands company, and its predecessor entities and subsidiaries, and in the context of discussing our consolidated financial data before April 2004, excluding Home Inns Beijing and its subsidiaries; |
| • | “BTG” refers to Beijing Tourism Group, a state-owned enterprise established in the PRC, and its predecessors and subsidiaries, including Beijing Capital Travel International Hotel Group Co., Ltd.; |
| • | “China” or “PRC” refers to the People’s Republic of China, excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau; |
| • | “Home Inns Beijing” refers to Home Inns & Hotels Management (Beijing) Co., Ltd., and its subsidiaries, which have been our consolidated subsidiaries since April 2004; |
| • | “Home Inns Hong Kong” refers to Home Inns & Hotels Management (Hong Kong) Limited; |
| • | “Home Inns Shanghai” refers to Home Inns & Hotels Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.; |
| • | “our hotels” refers, collectively, to our leased-and-operated and franchised-and-managed hotels; |
| • | “average daily rate” refers to total hotel room revenues divided by the total number of occupied rooms in a given period; |
| • | “occupancy rate” refers to the total number of occupied rooms divided by the total number of available rooms in a given period; |
| • | “RevPAR” represents revenue per available room, which is calculated by dividing total hotel room revenues by the total number of available rooms in a given period or by multiplying average daily rates and occupancy rates in a given period; |
| • | “shares” or “ordinary shares” refers to our ordinary shares; “preferred shares” refers to our Series A convertible preferred shares, Series B convertible preferred shares and Series C convertible preferred shares, collectively; |
| • | “ADSs” refers to our American depositary shares, each of which represents two ordinary shares, and “ADRs” refers to the American depositary receipts that evidence our ADSs; and |
| • | “RMB” or “Renminbi” refers to the legal currency of China; “$,” “dollars,” “US$” or “U.S. dollars” refers to the legal currency of the United States; and “HK$” refers to the legal currency of Hong Kong. |
6
THE OFFERING
The following information assumes that the underwriters will not exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in the offering, unless otherwise indicated.
| Offering price |
US$13.80 per ADS. |
| ADSs offered by us |
4,885,827 ADSs. |
| ADSs offered by the selling shareholders |
3,014,173 ADSs. |
| ADSs outstanding immediately after this offering |
7,900,000 ADSs. |
| Ordinary shares outstanding immediately after this offering |
64,470,129 ordinary shares. |
| ADS to ordinary share ratio |
One ADS represents two ordinary shares. |
| The ADSs |
The ADSs will be evidenced by ADRs. |
| • | The depositary will hold the ordinary shares underlying your ADSs. You will have rights as provided in the deposit agreement. |
| • | If, however, we declare dividends on our ordinary shares, the depositary will pay you the cash dividends and other distributions it receives on our ordinary shares, after deducting its fees and expenses. |
| • | You may turn in your ADSs to the depositary in exchange for ordinary shares. The depositary will charge you fees for any exchange. |
| • | We may amend or terminate the deposit agreement without your consent. If you continue to hold your ADSs, you agree to be bound by the deposit agreement as amended. |
| To better understand the terms of the ADSs, you should carefully read the “Description of American Depositary Shares” section of this prospectus. You should also read the deposit agreement, which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement that includes this prospectus. |
| Over-allotment option |
We and the selling shareholders have granted to the underwriters an option, which is exercisable within 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,185,000 additional ADSs. |
| Use of proceeds |
Our net proceeds from this offering are approximately US$60.1 million. We plan to use the net proceeds we receive from this offering to fund capital expenditures, repay our outstanding indebtedness to a related party, and for general corporate purposes. See “Use of Proceeds” for additional information. |
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| We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of ADSs by the selling shareholders. |
| Lock-up |
We have agreed with the underwriters to a lock-up of shares for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. In addition, our executive officers, directors and our existing shareholders have also agreed with the underwriters to a lock-up of shares for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus or, in the case of Poly Victory Investments Limited, or Poly Victory, one of our principal shareholders, three years after the date of this prospectus. See “Underwriting.” |
| Listing |
Our ADSs have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “HMIN.” Our ordinary shares will not be listed on any exchange or traded on any automated quotation system. |
| Risk factors |
See “Risk Factors” and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of risks you should carefully consider before investing in our ADSs. |
| Depositary |
The Bank of New York. |
The number of ordinary shares that will be outstanding immediately after this offering:
| • | assumes the conversion of all outstanding preferred shares into 22,924,886 ordinary shares immediately prior to the completion of this offering; |
| • | excludes 3,042,886 ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding as of the date of this prospectus, at a weighted average exercise price of US$2.41 per share; and |
| • | excludes ordinary shares reserved for future issuances under our share incentive plans. |
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Our Summary Consolidated Financial and Operating Data
You should read the following information in conjunction with our and Home Inns Beijing’s consolidated financial statements and related notes, “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The following summary consolidated financial information has been derived from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our summary consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 have been derived from our consolidated financial statements for the relevant periods which have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company, an independent registered public accounting firm, and are prepared and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, and reflect our current corporate structure as if it had been in existence throughout the relevant periods. Our summary consolidated statement of operations data for the six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2006 and our consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2006 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We have prepared the unaudited consolidated financial statements on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial statements. The unaudited financial information includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments, that we consider necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and operating results for the periods presented.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | For the Six Months Ended June 30, |
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| 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||
| RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | RMB | RMB | US$ | |||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except share, per share and per ADS data) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues |
— | 96,000 | 285,861 | 35,758 | 109,406 | 249,059 | 31,154 | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Business tax and related surcharges |
— | (5,101 | ) | (16,830 | ) | (2,105 | ) | (6,669 | ) | (13,344 | ) | (1,669 | ) | ||||||||
| Net revenues |
— | 90,899 | 269,031 | 33,653 | 102,737 | 235,715 | 29,485 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating costs and expenses(1) |
(365 | ) | (82,031 | ) | (238,435 | ) | (29,826 | ) | (91,795 | ) | (195,837 | ) | (24,497 | ) | |||||||
| Income (loss) from operations |
(365 | ) | 8,868 | 30,596 | 3,827 | 10,942 | 39,878 | 4,988 | |||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income tax expense, minority interests and share of income of affiliated companies |
(365 | ) | 9,183 | 32,255 | 4,035 | 12,913 | 39,150 | 4,897 | |||||||||||||
| Minority interests |
— | 552 | (4,797 | ) | (600 | ) | (2,016 | ) | (2,697 | ) | (337 | ) | |||||||||
| Share of income of affiliated companies |
1,879 | 1,972 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net income |
1,514 | 5,969 | 20,933 | 2,618 | 8,305 | 27,249 | 3,409 | ||||||||||||||
| Amount allocated to participating preferred shareholders |
(868 | ) | (2,960 | ) | (9,487 | ) | (1,187 | ) | (3,757 | ) | (12,413 | ) | (1,553 | ) | |||||||
| Net income available to ordinary shareholders |
646 | 3,009 | 11,446 | 1,431 | 4,548 | 14,836 | 1,856 | ||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic |
0.06 | 0.15 | 0.42 | 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.54 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted |
0.06 | 0.15 | 0.40 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.51 | 0.06 | ||||||||||||||
| Earnings per ADS(2) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic |
0.12 | 0.30 | 0.84 | 0.10 | 0.34 | 1.08 | 0.14 | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted |
0.12 | 0.30 | 0.80 | 0.10 | 0.32 | 1.02 | 0.12 | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic |
11,000,000 | 19,981,424 | 27,399,140 | 27,399,140 | 27,399,140 | 27,399,140 | 27,399,140 | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted |
11,000,000 | 20,315,681 | 28,713,188 | 28,713,188 | 28,560,208 | 29,235,149 | 29,235,149 | ||||||||||||||
(1) Include share-based compensation expenses as follows: |
|
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| For the Year Ended December 31, | For the Six Months Ended June 30, |
||||||||||||||||||||
| 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||
| RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | RMB | RMB | US$ | |||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expenses |
— | 149 | 960 | 120 | 486 | 1,035 | 129 | ||||||||||||||
| (2) | Each ADS represents two ordinary shares. |
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| As of June 30, 2006 | ||||||||
| Actual | As adjusted (1) | |||||||
| RMB | US$ | RMB | US$ | |||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
| Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
80,981 | 10,130 | 561,292 | 70,212 | ||||
| Total assets |
502,780 | 62,892 | 983,091 | 122,974 | ||||
| Total current liabilities |
190,903 | 23,880 | 190,903 | 23,880 | ||||
| Total shareholders’ equity |
207,367 | 25,939 | 687,678 | 86,021 | ||||
| (1) | Our consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2006 are adjusted to give effect to (i) the automatic conversion of all of our outstanding preferred shares into 22,924,886 ordinary shares immediately prior to the closing of this offering and (ii) the issuance and sale of 4,885,827 ADSs by us in this offering, based on the initial public offering price of US$13.80 per ADS, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts, commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us and assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. |
The following table presents certain unaudited financial data and selected operating data as of and for the dates and periods indicated. We present operating data for 2003 and 2004 as if we had consolidated Home Inns Beijing throughout the relevant periods.
| As of and for the Year Ended December 31, |
As of and for the Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||
| 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | 2006 | ||||||
| Non-GAAP Financial Data: |
||||||||||
| EBITDA(1) (in thousands of RMB) |
1,513 | 17,684 | 51,790 | 19,924 | 59,008 | |||||
| Operating Data(2): |
||||||||||
| Total hotels in operation: |
||||||||||
| Leased-and-operated hotels(3) |
10 | 18 | 54 | 34 | 63 | |||||
| Franchised-and-managed hotels |
0 | 8 | 14 | 10 | 19 | |||||
| Total rooms |
1,131 | 2,991 | 8,197 | 5,372 | 9,707 | |||||
| Geographic coverage: |
||||||||||
| Number of cities |
4 | 8 | 22 | 11 | 26 | |||||
| Occupancy rate (as a percentage) |
72.4 | 86.8 | 89.8 | 86.6 | 93.8 | |||||
| Average daily rate (in RMB) |
175 | 191 | 182 | 184 | 181 | |||||
| RevPAR (in RMB) |
127 | 166 | 163 | 159 | 170 | |||||
| (1) | We believe that earnings before interest, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, is a useful financial metric to assess our operating and financial performance before the impact of investing and financing transactions and income taxes. In addition, we believe that EBITDA is widely used by other companies in the lodging industry and may be used by investors as a measure of our financial performance. Given the significant investments that we have made in the past in property, plant and equipment, depreciation and amortization expense comprises a meaningful portion of our cost structure. We believe that EBITDA will provide investors with a useful tool for comparability between periods because it eliminates depreciation and amortization expense attributable to capital expenditures. The presentation of EBITDA should not be construed as an indication that our future results will be unaffected by other charges and gains we consider to be outside the ordinary course of our business. |
| The use of EBITDA has certain limitations. Depreciation and amortization expense for various long-term assets, income tax expense, interest expense and interest income have been and will be incurred and are not reflected in the presentation of EBITDA. Each of these items should also be considered in the overall evaluation of our results. Additionally, EBITDA does not consider capital expenditures and other investing activities and should not be considered as a measure of our liquidity. We compensate for these limitations by providing the relevant disclosure of our depreciation and amortization, interest expense and interest income, income tax expense, capital expenditures and other relevant items both in our reconciliations to the U.S. GAAP financial measures and in our consolidated financial statements, all of which should be considered when evaluating our performance. The term EBITDA is not defined under U.S. GAAP, and EBITDA is not a measure of net income, operating income, operating performance or liquidity presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. When assessing our operating and financial performance, you should not consider this data in isolation or as a substitute for our net income, operating income or any other operating performance measure that is calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, |
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| our EBITDA may not be comparable to EBITDA or similarly titled measures utilized by other companies since such other companies may not calculate EBITDA in the same manner as we do. |
| A reconciliation of EBITDA to net income, which is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, is provided below: |
| For the Year Ended December 31, | For the Six Months Ended June 30, |
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| 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||
| RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | RMB | RMB | US$ | |||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income |
1,514 | 5,969 | 20,933 | 2,618 | 8,305 | 27,249 | 3,409 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income |
(1 | ) | (88 | ) | (223 | ) | (28 | ) | (96 | ) | (291 | ) | (36 | ) | |||||||
| Interest expense |
— | 98 | 709 | 89 | — | 2,719 | 340 | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense |
— | 5,738 | 6,526 | 817 | 2,593 | 9,204 | 1,151 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization |
— | 5,967 | 23,845 | 2,983 | 9,122 | 20,127 | 2,518 | ||||||||||||||
| EBITDA |
1,513 | 17,684 | 51,790 | 6,479 | 19,924 | 59,008 | 7,382 | ||||||||||||||
| (2) | We have presented the operating data in 2003 and 2004 to include those of Home Inns Beijing as Home Inns Beijing was managed by us throughout these two years. |
| (3) | Includes four hotels operated through separate joint ventures with third parties. We own 75% of one joint venture and 51% of each of the other three joint ventures. |
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Home Inns Beijing’s Summary Consolidated Financial Data
You should read the following information in conjunction with Home Inns Beijing’s consolidated financial statements and related notes, “Home Inns Beijing’s Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The following summary consolidated financial information has been derived from Home Inns Beijing’s consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Home Inns Beijing’s consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 has been derived from its consolidated financial statements for the relevant periods which have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company, an independent registered public accounting firm, and is prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
In April 2002, Home Inns Hong Kong and BTG entered into a joint venture agreement to form Home Inns Beijing to operate branded economy hotels in China. Home Inns Hong Kong and BTG owned 55% and 45%, respectively, of Home Inns Beijing when it commenced operations in July 2002. Subsequently, Home Inns Hong Kong gradually increased its ownership interest in Home Inns Beijing by contributing additional funds to the registered capital of Home Inns Beijing. Home Inns Hong Kong’s ownership interest in Home Inns Beijing was increased to 95.59% as of February 2005.
We have been actively managing Home Inns Beijing since its inception. Home Inns Hong Kong’s ownership in Home Inns Beijing was accounted for under the equity method since Home Inns Beijing’s inception until April 2004, because during this period of time, BTG had substantive participation rights that enabled it to veto significant decisions made by Home Inns Hong Kong. In April 2004, Home Inns Hong Kong and Beijing Capital Travel entered into a revised joint venture agreement, under which Home Inns Hong Kong obtained effective control of Home Inns Beijing. As a result, Home Inns Beijing has been our consolidated subsidiary since then.
| For the Year Ended December 31, |
||||||
| 2003 | 2004 | |||||
| (in RMB thousands) | ||||||
| Revenues |
43,842 | 115,278 | ||||
| Less: Business tax and related surcharges |
(1,662 | ) | (6,150 | ) | ||
| Net revenues |
42,180 | 109,128 | ||||
| Operating costs and expenses |
(39,490 | ) | (96,139 | ) | ||
| Income from operations |
2,690 | 12,989 | ||||
| Net income |
2,488 | 7,735 | ||||
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You should consider carefully all of the information in this prospectus, including the risks and uncertainties described below, before making an investment in our ADSs. Any of the following risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In any such case, the market price of our ADSs could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
Our operating results are subject to conditions typically affecting the lodging industry.
Our operating results are subject to conditions typically affecting the lodging industry, including the following:
| • | changes in the national, regional or local economic conditions; |
| • | natural disasters or travelers’ fears of exposure to serious contagious diseases; |
| • | the attractiveness of our hotels to customers and competition from other hotels; |
| • | local market conditions such as an oversupply of, or a reduction in demand for, hotel rooms; |
| • | the performance of managerial and other employees of our hotels; and |
| • | increases in operating costs and expenses due to inflation and other factors. |
Changes in any of these conditions could adversely affect our occupancy rates, average daily rates and RevPAR or otherwise adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We may not be able to manage our expected growth, which could adversely affect our operating results.
Since our inception, we have experienced substantial growth. We have increased the number of our hotels in operation in China from five in 2002 to 82 as of June 30, 2006, and we intend to continue to develop and operate additional hotels in different geographic locations in China. This expansion has placed, and will continue to place, substantial demands on our managerial, operational, technological and other resources. Our planned expansion will also require us to maintain the consistency of our product and the quality of our services to ensure that our brand does not suffer as a result of any deviations, whether actual or perceived, in the consistency of our product and the quality of our services. In order to manage and support our growth, we must continue to improve our existing operational, administrative and technological systems and our financial and management controls, and recruit, train and retain qualified hotel management personnel as well as other administrative and sales and marketing personnel, particularly as we expand into new markets. We cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively and efficiently manage the growth of our operations, recruit and retain qualified personnel and integrate new hotels into our operations. Any failure to effectively and efficiently manage our expansion may materially and adversely affect our ability to capitalize on new business opportunities, which in turn may have a material adverse effect on our results of operation.
Expansion into new markets may present operating and marketing challenges that are different from those that we currently encounter in our existing markets. In addition, our expansion within existing markets may adversely affect the financial performance of our existing hotels in those markets and, as a result, negatively affect our overall results of operations. Our inability to anticipate the changing demands that expanding operations will impose on our management and information and operational systems, or our failure to quickly adapt our systems and procedures to the new markets could result in lost revenue and increased expenses and otherwise harm our results of operations and financial condition.
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If the value of our brand or image diminishes, it could have a material and adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Our “Home Inn” brand is associated with a leading economy hotel chain offering cleanness, convenience and comfort with consistent, high-quality service among value-conscious individual business and leisure travelers in China. Our continued success in maintaining and enhancing our brand and image depends, to a large extent, on our ability to satisfy customer needs by further developing and maintaining our innovative and distinctive product and maintaining consistent quality of services across our hotel chain, as well as our ability to respond to competitive pressures. If we are unable to do so, our occupancy rates may decline, which could in turn adversely affect our results of operations. Our business may also be adversely affected if our public image or reputation were to be diminished by the operations of any of our hotels, whether due to unsatisfactory service, accidents or otherwise. Our brand is integral to our sales and marketing efforts. If the value of our brand or image is diminished or if our brand does not continue to be attractive to customers, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
If we are not able to hire, train and retain qualified managerial and other employees, our brand and our business may be materially and adversely affected.
Our managerial and other employees manage our hotels and interact with our customers on a daily basis. They are critical to maintaining the quality and consistency of our services as well as our established brand and reputation. It is important for us to attract qualified managerial and other employees who have experience in lodging or other consumer-service industries and are committed to our “customer-first” approach. There may be a limited supply of such qualified individuals in some of the cities in China where we have operations and other cities into which we intend to expand. In addition, criteria such as dedication are difficult to ascertain during the recruitment process. We must hire and train qualified managerial and other employees on a timely basis to keep pace with our rapid growth while maintaining consistent quality of services across our hotels in various geographic locations. We must also provide continuous training to our managerial and other employees so that they are equipped with up-to-date knowledge of various aspects of our hotel operations and can meet our demand for high-quality services. If we fail to do so, the quality of our services may decrease in one or more of the markets where we operate, which in turn, may have a material and adverse effect on our brand and our business.
We may not be able to successfully identify or secure additional hotel properties.
We plan to open more hotels in targeted markets to further grow our business. We may not be successful in identifying and leasing or franchising additional hotel properties at desirable locations and on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Some cities in China have undergone economic development and expansion for several decades while others are still at an early stage of development. In more developed cities, it may be difficult to increase the number of hotels because we or our competitors already have operations in such cities. In less developed cities, demand for our hotels may not increase as rapidly as we expect. Even if we are able to successfully identify and acquire new hotel properties via lease or franchise arrangements, new hotels may not generate the returns we expect. We also may incur costs in connection with evaluating hotel properties and negotiating with property owners, including ones that we are subsequently unable to lease or franchise. If we fail to successfully identify or compete for additional hotel properties, our ability to execute our growth strategy could be impaired and our business and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.
Our financial and operating performance may be adversely affected by epidemics, natural disasters and other catastrophes.
Our financial and operating performance may be adversely affected by epidemics, natural disasters and other catastrophes, particularly in locations where we operate a large number of hotels. In early 2003, several economies in Asia, including China, were affected by the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS. During May and June of 2003, many businesses in China were closed by the PRC government to prevent
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transmission of SARS. Our business and results of operations were materially and adversely affected by the outbreak of SARS. In addition, some Asian countries, including China, have recently encountered incidents of the H5N1 strain of bird flu, or avian flu. This disease, which originally spread through poultry populations, is capable in some circumstances of being transmitted to humans and is often fatal. Losses caused by epidemics, natural disasters and other catastrophes, including SARS, avian flu, earthquakes or typhoons, are either uninsurable or too expensive to justify insuring against in China. In the event an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occurs, we could lose all or a portion of the capital we have invested in a hotel, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the hotel. In that event, we might nevertheless remain obligated for any financial obligations related to the hotel. Similarly, war (including the potential for war) and terrorist activity (including threats of terrorist activity), travel-related accidents, as well as geopolitical uncertainty and international conflict, will affect travel and may in turn have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operation. In addition, we may not be adequately prepared in contingency planning or recovery capability in relation to a major incident or crisis, and as a result, our operational continuity may be adversely affected and our reputation may be harmed.
Our legal right to lease certain properties could be challenged by property owners or other third parties, which could prevent us from continuing to operate the affected hotels or increase the costs associated with operating these hotels.
We do not hold any land-use rights with respect to the land on which our hotels are located nor do we own any of the hotel properties we operate. Instead, our business model relies on leases with third parties who either own the properties or lease the properties from the ultimate property owner. As of June 30, 2006, four of our lessors had not obtained title certificates for the properties operated by us. We cannot assure you that title to properties we currently lease or franchise will not be challenged. There may be challenges to the title of the properties which, if successful, could impair the development or operations of our hotels on such properties. In addition, we are subject to the risk of potential disputes with property owners. Such disputes, whether resolved in our favor or not, may divert management attention, harm our reputation or otherwise disrupt our business.
Where our immediate lessors are not the ultimate owners of hotel properties, in several instances, no consent was obtained from the owners to sublease the hotel properties to us. A lessor’s failure to duly obtain the title to the property or to receive any necessary approvals from the ultimate owner or the primary lease holder, as applicable, could potentially invalidate our lease or result in the renegotiation of such lease leading to less favorable terms. Moreover, we cannot assure you that the building ownership or leasehold in connection with our franchised-and-managed hotels will not be subject to similar third-party challenges. Some of the properties we or our franchisees lease from third parties were subject to mortgages at the time the leases were signed. In such circumstances and where consent to the lease was not obtained from the mortgage holder, the lease may not be binding on the transferee of the property if the mortgage holders foreclose on the mortgage and transfer the property, which could in turn materially and adversely affect our ability to operate the hotel facility.
If we are unable to compete successfully, our financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.
The lodging industry in China is highly competitive. Competition in the industry is primarily based on room rates, quality of accommodations, brand name recognition, convenience of location, geographic coverage, service quality, range of services, and guest amenities. We compete primarily with other economy hotel chains as well as various regional and local economy hotels. We also compete with two- and three-star hotels, as we offer rooms with standards comparable to many of those hotels while maintaining competitive pricing. In addition, we may also face competition from new entrants in the economy hotel segment in China. As compared to developing four- or five-star hotels, developing economy hotels does not require significant capital commitments or human resources. This relatively low barrier to entry potentially allows new competitors to enter our markets quickly to compete with our business. Furthermore, we compete with all other hotels for guests in each market in which we operate, as our typical business and leisure traveler customers may change their travel, spending and consumption patterns and choose to stay in hotels in different segments. New and existing competitors may offer
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competitive rates, greater convenience, services or amenities or superior facilities, which could attract customers away from our hotels, resulting in a decrease in occupancy and average daily rates for our hotels. Any of these factors may have an adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations and financial condition.
Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and results of operations.
We believe that our future success depends on our ability to significantly increase revenue and profitability from our operations. We have a limited operating history. We commenced operations in 2002. Accordingly, you should consider our future prospects in light of the risks and challenges encountered by a company with a limited operating history. These risks and challenges include:
| • | the uncertainties associated with our ability to continue our growth while maintaining our profitability; |
| • | preserving our competitive position in the economy hotel segment of the lodging industry in China; |
| • | offering an innovative product to attract recurring and new customers; |
| • | implementing our strategy and modifying it from time to time to respond effectively to competition and changes in customer preferences and needs; |
| • | increasing awareness of our “Home Inn” brand and continuing to develop customer loyalty; and |
| • | attracting, training, retaining and motivating qualified personnel. |
If we are unsuccessful in addressing any of these risks or challenges, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
Failure to retain our senior management could harm our business.
We place substantial reliance on the lodging and other consumer-service industry experience and the institutional knowledge of members of our senior management team. Mr. David Jian Sun, our chief executive officer, Ms. May Wu, our chief financial officer, and Ms. Rixin Liang, our chief operating officer, are particularly important to our future success due to their substantial experience in the lodging and other consumer-service industries. We do not carry key person insurance on any of our senior management team. The loss of the services of one or more of these members of our senior management team due to their departure or otherwise could hinder our ability to effectively manage our business and implement our growth strategies. Finding suitable replacements for Mr. Sun, Ms. Wu and Ms. Liang could be difficult, and competition for such personnel of similar experience is intense. If we lose the services of any of them, our business may be adversely affected.
Interruption or failure of our information and operational systems could impair our ability to effectively provide our services, which could damage our reputation.
Our ability to provide consistent and high-quality services throughout our hotel chain depends on the continued operation of our proprietary information and operational systems, including our property management, central reservation, customer relationship management and management reporting systems. Any damage to or failure of our systems could interrupt our service. Our systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption as a result of power loss, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, fires, floods, earthquakes, interruptions in access to our toll-free numbers, hacking or other attempts to harm our systems, and similar events. Our servers, which are maintained in Shanghai, may also be vulnerable to break-ins, sabotage and vandalism. Some of our systems are not fully redundant, and our disaster recovery planning does not account for all possible scenarios. In addition, our systems and technologies may become outdated and we may not be able to replace or introduce upgraded systems as quickly as our competitors or within budgeted costs for such upgrades. If we experience frequent or persistent system failures, our quality of services and our reputation could be harmed. The steps we need to take to increase the reliability and redundancy of our systems may be costly, which could reduce our operating margin, and may not be successful in reducing the frequency or duration of system failures and service interruptions.
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Any failure to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights could have a negative impact on our business.
We believe our brand, trade name, trademarks and other intellectual property are critical to our success. “Home Inn” is a highly recognized brand in the economy hotel segment of China’s lodging industry. The success of our business depends in part upon our continued ability to use our brand, trade names and trademarks to increase brand awareness and to further develop our brand. The unauthorized reproduction of our trademarks could diminish the value of our brand and its market acceptance, competitive advantages or goodwill. In addition, our proprietary information and operational systems, which have not been patented or otherwise registered as our property, are a key component of our competitive advantage and our growth strategy.
Monitoring and preventing the unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult. The measures we take to protect our brand, trade names, trademarks and other intellectual property rights may not be adequate to prevent their unauthorized use by third parties. Furthermore, the application of laws governing intellectual property rights in China and abroad is uncertain and evolving, and could involve substantial risks to us. If we are unable to adequately protect our brand, trade names, trademarks and other intellectual property rights, we may lose these rights and our business may suffer materially.
Accidents or injuries in our hotels may adversely affect our reputation and subject us to liability.
There are inherent risks of accidents or injuries in hotels. One or more accidents or injuries at any of our hotels could adversely affect our safety reputation among customers and potential customers, decrease our overall occupancy rates and increase our costs by requiring us to take additional measures to make our safety precautions even more visible and effective. If accidents or injuries occur at any of our hotels, we may be held liable for costs related to the injuries. Our current property and liability insurance policies may not provide adequate coverage and we may be unable to renew our insurance policies or obtain new insurance policies without increases in cost or decreases in coverage levels.
We may not be able to develop hotel properties on a timely or cost-efficient basis, which may adversely affect our growth strategy and business.
We develop all of our leased-and-operated hotels directly. Our involvement in the development of properties presents a number of risks, including construction delays or cost overruns, which may result in increased project costs or forgone revenue. We may be unable to recover development costs we incur for projects that are not pursued to completion. Properties that we develop could become less attractive due to market saturation or oversupply, with the result that we may not be able to recover development costs at the expected rate, or at all. In addition, we may not have available cash to complete projects that have commenced, or we may be unable to obtain financings for development of future properties on favorable terms, if at all. If we are unable to successfully manage our hotel development to minimize these risks, our growth strategy and business prospects may be adversely affected.
Our costs and expenses may remain constant or increase even if our revenues decline.
A significant portion of our operating costs, including rent, is fixed. Accordingly, a decrease in our revenues could result in a disproportionately higher decrease in our earnings because our operating costs and expenses are unlikely to decrease proportionately. For example, the period during which China’s Spring Festival holiday falls generally account for a lower portion of our annual revenues than the other periods, but our expenses do not vary as significantly with changes in occupancy and revenues as we need to continue to pay rent and salary, make regular repairs, maintenance and renovations and invest in other capital improvements throughout the year to maintain the attractiveness of our hotels. Our property development and renovation costs may increase as a result of increasing costs of materials. However, we have a limited ability to pass increased costs to customers through room rate increases. Therefore, our costs and expenses may remain constant or increase even if our revenues decline.
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Our lessors’ failure to comply with lease registration and other compliance requirements under PRC law may subject these lessors or us to fines or other penalties that may negatively affect our ability to operate our hotels.
As an operator and manager of hotel properties, we, our franchisees and those from whom we lease properties, are subject to a number of land- and property-related legal requirements. For instance, under PRC law, all lease agreements are required to be registered with the local housing bureau. Our standard lease agreement generally requires the lessor to make such registrations. However, as of June 30, 2006, 35 lessors of the hotels we operate and manage had not obtained registrations of their leases from the relevant authorities as required and we continue to remind these lessors to obtain registrations under our lease agreements with them. In addition, based on the specific land use right certificates and property ownership certificates currently held by some of our lessors, certain hotel properties we lease are restricted to industrial and other uses, rather than for commercial service use. The failure of our lessors to register lease agreements as required by law or to ensure that the hotel properties are operated in compliance with their designated use may subject these lessors or us to fines or other penalties which may negatively affect our ability to operate the hotels covered under those leases.
We have limited insurance coverage.
We carry property insurance that covers the assets that we own at our hotels, but not the buildings or any other assets owned by our lessors. Although we require our lessors to purchase customary insurance policies, we cannot guarantee that they will adhere to such requirements. If we were held liable for amounts and claims exceeding the limits of our insurance coverage or outside the scope of our insurance coverage, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, we do not have any business disruption insurance coverage for our operations to cover losses that may be caused by natural disasters or catastrophic events, such as SARS or avian flu. Any business disruption or natural disaster may result in our incurring substantial costs and diversion of our resources.
If we are unable to maintain our hotels’ good condition and attractive appearance, our hotel occupancy rates may decline.
In order to maintain our hotels’ good condition and attractive appearance, our hotels require ongoing renovations and other leasehold improvements, including periodic replacement of furniture, fixtures and equipment. If we and our franchisees do not make needed leasehold investments and improvements, we could lose our market share to our competitors and our hotel occupancy rates may decline.
The growth of on-line and other hotel reservation intermediaries and travel consolidators may adversely affect our margins and profitability.
Some of our hotel rooms are booked through travel intermediaries and consolidators to whom we pay commissions for such services. If these intermediaries and consolidators become the primary channel through which our customers make their bookings, they may be able to negotiate higher commissions, reduced room rates, or other significant concessions from us. We believe that the aim of such intermediaries and consolidators is to have consumers develop loyalties to their reservation systems rather than to our brand. The operations of these travel intermediaries and consolidators may adversely affect our ability to control the supply and price of our room inventory, which would in turn adversely affect our margins and profitability.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.
We will be subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities laws. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, adopted rules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal
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controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal controls over financial reporting. In addition, an independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal controls over financial reporting. These requirements will first apply to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ending on December 31, 2007. Our management may conclude that our internal controls over our financial reporting are not effective. Moreover, even if our management concludes that our internal controls over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm may still decline to attest to our management’s assessment or may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us. Our reporting obligations as a public company will place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future. Prior to this offering, we have been a young, private company with limited accounting and other resources with which to adequately address our internal controls and procedures. As a result, when our independent registered public accounting firm audited our consolidated financial statements for the three years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 in connection with this offering, they identified certain control deficiencies including two material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Audit Standard No. 2 of the Public Company Accounting Standards Board. Specifically, the two material weaknesses identified by our independent registered public accounting firm consisted of (i) our lack of adequate review and monitoring over financial reporting and disclosure process, as well as our lack of sufficient control over the financial closing and reporting procedures; and (ii) the lack of sufficient U.S. GAAP knowledge of our accounting staff. We plan to remediate these material weaknesses and other control deficiencies in time to meet the deadline for compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. If, however, we fail to timely achieve and maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we may not be able to conclude that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting. Moreover, effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to help prevent fraud. As a result, our failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could harm our business and negatively impact the trading price of our ADSs. Furthermore, we anticipate that we will incur considerable costs and devote significant management time and efforts and other resources to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
We will incur increased costs as a result of being a public company.
As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as new rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and Nasdaq, have required changes in corporate governance practices of public companies. We expect these new rules and regulations to increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs and to make certain corporate activities more time-consuming and costly. In addition, we will incur additional costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these new rules, and we cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.
Changes in our accounting treatment for employee share options to the fair value method beginning from 2006, could significantly reduce our net income.
Beginning in 2006, we are required to account for share-based compensation in accordance with FASB Statement No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment, which requires a public company to recognize, as an expense, the fair value of share options and other share-based compensation to employees based on the vesting schedule of the share-based awards. Historically, we recorded share-based compensation to the extent that the fair value of the shares on the date of grant exceeded the exercise price of the option. Beginning in 2006, we could have ongoing accounting charges significantly greater than those we would have recorded under our past method of accounting for share options, which could significantly reduce our net income.
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The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, may be required in connection with this offering under a recently adopted PRC regulation; any requirement to obtain prior CSRC approval could delay this offering and a failure to obtain this approval, if required, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, reputation and trading price of our ADSs, and may also create uncertainties for this offering; the regulation also establishes more complex procedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors which could make it more difficult to pursue growth through acquisitions.
On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, namely, the PRC Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, or SASAC, the State Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC, and the PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, jointly adopted the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the New M&A Rule, which became effective on September 8, 2006. This New M&A Rule purports, among other things, to require offshore special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, formed for overseas listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC companies or individuals, to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to publicly listing their securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published a notice on its official website specifying documents and materials required to be submitted to it by SPVs seeking CSRC approval of their overseas listings. While the application of the New M&A Rule remains unclear, we believe, based on the advice of our PRC counsel, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, that CSRC approval is not required in the context of this offering because we established our PRC subsidiaries by means of direct investment other than by merger or acquisition of PRC domestic companies. However, we cannot assure you that the relevant PRC government agency, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as our PRC counsel. If the CSRC or other PRC regulatory body subsequently determines that we need to obtain the CSRC’s approval for this offering, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. In such event, these regulatory agencies may impose fines and penalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from this offering into the PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our ADSs. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies may also take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt this offering before settlement and delivery of the ADSs offered by this prospectus.
The New M&A Rule also established additional procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances that the Ministry of Commerce be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise. In the future, we may grow our business in part by acquiring complementary businesses, although we do not have any plans to do so at this time. Complying with the requirements of the New M&A Rule to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval from the Ministry of Commerce, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.
If the relevant PRC authorities take the position that this offering is subject to their approval because a shareholder of ours is controlled by a state-owned entity, we may be subject to administrative sanctions or penalties.
A notice issued by the State Council of China in June 1997, or the State Council notice, required certain PRC companies to receive approval from relevant PRC authorities prior to transferring assets out of China for purposes of effecting a public offering and listing. Specifically, the State Council notice provides that, if a non-public offshore company with “PRC funds,” or a PRC funded company, plans to issue and list shares outside the PRC, approval from the relevant government authorities at the provincial level or higher or the approval of the CSRC may be required. The ultimate owner of Poly Victory, one of our shareholders, is BTG, a PRC state-owned enterprise. Although Poly Victory currently holds 24.4% of our outstanding voting securities, it does not
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control or have significant influence on us as we have a controlling group that in the aggregate owns 32.5% of our outstanding voting securities. This group consists of seven individuals who are unrelated to Poly Victory or BTG and who have entered into an acting-in-concert agreement. Under the terms of the State Council notice, it is not clear whether Poly Victory’s investment in our company would cause us to be treated as a PRC funded company for purposes of the notice. Our PRC counsel, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, has advised us that the State Council notice does not apply to Poly Victory in the context of this offering because Poly Victory has no control over us, and no application for approval from any PRC government authority in connection with this offering has been made. However, if any relevant government authority subsequently determines that the State Council notice applies to this offering, we may be subject to administrative sanctions or penalties.
Risks Related to Doing Business in China
Adverse changes in economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could adversely affect our business.
We conduct substantially all of our business operations in China. As the travel industry is highly sensitive to business and personal discretionary spending levels, it tends to decline during general economic downturns. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are subject to a significant degree to economic developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including with respect to the amount of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While the PRC economy has experienced significant growth in the past 20 years, growth has been uneven across different regions and among various economic sectors of China. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic development and guide the allocation of resources. While some of these measures benefit the overall PRC economy, they may also have a negative effect on us. For example, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in environmental, health, labor or tax regulations that are applicable to us.
The PRC government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. Since late 2003, the PRC government implemented a number of measures, such as increasing the People’s Bank of China’s statutory deposit reserve ratio and imposing commercial bank lending guidelines that had the effect of restricting loans to certain industries. These actions, as well as future actions and policies of the PRC government, could materially affect our liquidity and access to capital and our ability to operate our business.
Uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system could adversely affect us.
We conduct our business primarily through our subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreign-invested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently-enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published court decisions and their nonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.
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Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.
The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current structure, our income will be primarily derived from dividend payments from our PRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries and our affiliated entity to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency dominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from trade-related transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, for most capital account items, approval from appropriate government authorities is required where RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of bank loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ADSs.
Fluctuation in the value of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on your investment.
The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMB is permitted to fluctuate within a managed band based on market supply and demand and by reference to a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximately 3.4% appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and June 30, 2006. While the international reaction to the RMB revaluation has generally been positive, there remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt an even more flexible currency policy, which may result in a further and more significant appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar. Our revenues and costs are mostly denominated in the RMB, and a significant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in the RMB. We rely entirely on dividends paid to us by our subsidiaries in China. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our ADSs in U.S. dollars. For example, an appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would make any new RMB-denominated investments or expenditures more costly to us, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into the RMB for such purposes. An appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would also result in foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes when we translate our U.S. dollar denominated financial assets into the RMB, as the RMB is our reporting currency. As of June 30, 2006, our U.S. dollar denominated financial assets consisted solely of a cash balance of approximately US$0.7 million. We expect to have additional U.S. dollar denominated assets from the net proceeds we will receive from this offering pending our application of such proceeds to the uses described in “Use of Proceeds.”
Recent PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to personal liability and limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.
SAFE issued a public notice in October 2005 requiring PRC residents to register with the local SAFE branch before establishing or controlling any company outside of China for the purpose of capital financing with assets or equity of PRC companies, referred to in the notice as an “offshore special purpose company.” Under this public notice, PRC residents who are shareholders and/or beneficial owners of such offshore special purpose companies were required to register with the local SAFE branch before March 31, 2006. We have requested our shareholders and/or beneficial owners who are subject to the registration requirements under the SAFE notice to register with the local SAFE branch. Failure of these shareholders and/or beneficial owners to register with the
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local SAFE branch as required by the SAFE notice or failure of future shareholders of our company who are PRC residents to comply with the registration procedures set forth in the SAFE notice may subject such shareholders and/or beneficial owners to fines and other government actions and may also limit our ability to fund our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company or otherwise adversely affect our business.
We rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries entities to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.
We are a holding company, and we rely principally on dividends from our subsidiaries in China for our cash requirements, including any debt we may incur. Current PRC regulations permit our subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China are required to set aside a certain amount of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserves. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. As of December 31, 2005, a total of RMB125.8 million (US$15.7 million) were not distributable in the form of dividends to us due to these PRC regulations. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may require us to adjust our taxable income under the contractual arrangements we currently have in place in a manner that would materially and adversely affect our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends and other distributions to us. Any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to distribute dividends or other payments to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.
PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRC entities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operating subsidiaries.
In utilizing the proceeds of this offering in the manner described in “Use of Proceeds,” as an offshore holding company of our PRC operating subsidiaries, we may make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or we may make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries. Any loans to our PRC subsidiaries are subject to PRC regulations. For example, loans by us to our subsidiaries in China, which are foreign-invested enterprises, to finance their activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with the SAFE.
We may also decide to finance our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions. These capital contributions must be approved by the PRC Ministry of Commerce or its local counterpart. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain these government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future capital contributions by us to our subsidiaries. If we fail to receive such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds of this offering and to capitalize our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
We have benefited from certain financial subsidies and preferential tax treatments in China. Reduction or elimination of these subsidies or preferential tax treatments may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
Various local tax authorities in China have provided financial subsidies in the form of certain tax refunds to us. However, these tax authorities may reduce or eliminate any or all of these financial subsidies at any time in the future. There is no assurance that we will continue to receive any financial subsidies in the form of tax refunds or otherwise as the grant of such subsidies is within the discretion of relevant local government authorities. In addition, some of our subsidiaries are subject to lower enterprise income tax rates or tax exemptions due to the preferential tax treatments granted by the local tax authorities. For example, our wholly
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owned subsidiary, Hemei Hotel Management Company, enjoys a 15% enterprise income tax rate due to its place of incorporation and operation in the Pudong New District of Shanghai. If such preferential tax treatments granted by local tax authorities are deemed to be in violation of national laws and regulations or are abolished or altered, our subsidiaries will be subject to the standard enterprise income tax rate, which currently is 33%. Under current PRC regulations, if it is determined that a taxpayer has underpaid tax due to prior advice from relevant tax authorities, the taxpayer may still be required to pay the full amount of unpaid tax within three years after such determination but the taxpayer will not be subject to any penalty or late payment fee. Reduction or elimination of the financial subsidies or preferential tax treatments we currently enjoy may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
Risks Related to Our ADSs and This Offering
There has been no public market for our ordinary shares or ADSs prior to this offering, and you may not be able to resell our ADSs at or above the price you paid, or at all.
Prior to this initial public offering, there has been no public market for our ordinary shares or ADSs. Our ADSs have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq Global Market. Our ordinary shares will not be listed or quoted for trading on any exchange. If an active trading market for our ADSs does not develop after this offering, the market price and liquidity of our ADSs will be materially and adversely affected.
The initial public offering price for our ADSs has been determined by negotiations between us and the representatives of the underwriters and may bear no relationship to the market price for our ADSs after the initial public offering. We cannot assure you that an active trading market for our ADSs will develop or that the market price of our ADSs will not decline below the initial public offering price.
The market price for our ADSs may be volatile.
The market price for our ADSs may be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to factors including the following:
| • | actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results; |
| • | changes in financial estimates by securities research analysts; |
| • | conditions in the travel and lodging industries; |
| • | changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other lodging companies; |
| • | announcements by us or our competitors of new products, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; |
| • | addition or departure of key personnel; |
| • | fluctuations of exchange rates between the RMB and U.S. dollar or other foreign currencies; |
| • | potential litigation or administrative investigations; |
| • | release of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding ADSs or ordinary shares or sales of additional ADSs; and |
| • | general economic or political conditions in China. |
In addition, the securities market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our ADSs.
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You will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of ADSs purchased.
The initial public offering price per ADSs will be substantially higher than the net tangible book value per ADS prior to the offering. Consequently, when you purchase ADSs in the offering at the initial public offering price of US$13.80 per ADS you will incur immediate dilution of US$11.08 per ADS. See “Dilution.” In addition, you may experience further dilution to the extent that additional ordinary shares are issued upon exercise of outstanding options and options we may grant from time to time.
We may need additional capital, and the sale of additional ADSs or other equity securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders.
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, anticipated cash flow from operations and the proceeds from this offering will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for the foreseeable future. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If these resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
Substantial future sales of our ADSs in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the price of our ADSs to decline.
Additional sales of our ordinary shares in the public market after this offering, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our ADSs to decline. Upon completion of this offering, we will have 64,470,129 ordinary shares outstanding. All shares sold in this offering will be freely transferable without restriction or additional registration under the Securities Act of 1933. The remaining ordinary shares outstanding after this offering will be available for sale, upon the expiration of the 180-day lock-up period beginning from the closing of this offering, subject to volume and other restrictions as applicable under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Any or all of these shares may be released prior to expiration of the lock-up period at the discretion of the lead underwriters for this offering. To the extent shares are released before the expiration of the lock-up period and these shares are sold into the market, the market price of our ADSs could decline.
In addition, certain holders of our ordinary shares after the completion of this offering will have the right to cause us to register the sale of a total of 22,924,886 shares under the Securities Act. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in these shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration. Sales of these registered shares in the public market could cause the price of our ADSs to decline.
Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by our officers, directors and principal shareholders.
After this offering, our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders will beneficially own approximately 66.5% of our outstanding shares. Seven individual shareholders of our company, namely, Neil Nanpeng Shen, Qi Ji, Chung Lau, Min Fan, Rixin Liang, David Jian Sun and May Wu, have entered into an acting-in-concert agreement, under which they have agreed to act together on all matters requiring shareholder approval and to appoint one representative to vote on behalf of all of them at our shareholder meetings until July 2007. These seven shareholders, who currently hold a total of 17,769,037 ordinary shares, or 32.5% of our outstanding voting securities, could exert substantial influence over matters requiring approval by our shareholders, including electing directors and approving mergers or other business combination transactions. In addition, BTG, through its affiliate, Poly Victory, owns 24.5% of our outstanding voting securities and has the right to appoint, and has appointed, two directors of our company. Under the financing transaction agreement we
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entered into with BTG in June 2005, BTG agreed to provide financing in the form of loans to us and, in the event of our default, has the right to enforce its rights by, among other things, converting the total principal amount of the indebtedness into an equity interest in our company at a pre-determined price. The concentration of our share ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our ADSs. These actions may be taken even if they are opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchase ADSs in this offering.
You may not have the same voting rights as the holders of our ordinary shares and may not receive voting materials in time to be able to exercise your right to vote.
Except as described in this prospectus and in the deposit agreement, holders of our ADSs will not be able to exercise voting rights attaching to the shares evidenced by our ADSs on an individual basis. Holders of our ADSs will appoint the depositary or its nominee as their representative to exercise the voting rights attaching to the shares represented by the ADSs. You may not receive voting materials in time to instruct the depositary to vote, and it is possible that you, or persons who hold their ADSs through brokers, dealers or other third parties, will not have the opportunity to exercise a right to vote.
You may not be able to participate in rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.
We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. Under the deposit agreement for the ADSs, the depositary will not offer those rights to ADS holders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ADS holders are either registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or exempt from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all holders of ADSs. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to be declared effective. In addition, we may not be able to take advantage of any exemptions from registration under the Securities Act. Accordingly, holders of our ADSs may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.
You may be subject to limitations on transfer of your ADSs.
Your ADSs represented by the ADRs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deem it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.
You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. federal courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law, conduct substantially all of our operations in China and the majority of our officers reside outside the United States.
We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands, and conduct substantially all of our operations in China through our wholly owned subsidiaries in China. Most of our officers reside outside the United States and some or all of the assets of those persons are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the Cayman Islands or in China in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. There is no statutory
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recognition in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the Cayman Islands will generally recognize and enforce a non-penal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits. For more information regarding the relevant laws of the Cayman Islands and China, see “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.”
Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association and by the Companies Law (2004 Revision) and common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors and us, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and provides significantly less protection to investors. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action before the federal courts of the United States.
As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against our management, directors or major shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States.
Our articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could have a material adverse effect on the rights of holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs.
We have adopted our amended and restated articles of association that will become effective upon the completion of this offering. Our new articles of association contain provisions limiting the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to enter into change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction. For example, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our ordinary shares, in the form of ADS or otherwise. Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors decides to issue preferred shares, the price of our ADSs may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our common shares and ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.
Our management will have considerable discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering.
We have not allocated the majority of the net proceeds of this offering to any particular purpose. Rather, our management will have considerable discretion in the application of the net proceeds received by us. You will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether proceeds are being used appropriately. You must rely on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the net proceeds of this offering. The net proceeds may be used for corporate purposes that do not improve our efforts to maintain profitability or increase our share price. The net proceeds from this offering may be placed in investments that do not produce income or that lose value.
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We may be classified as a passive foreign investment company, which could result in adverse United States federal income tax consequences for U.S. Holders.
Based on the price of the ADSs in this offering and the expected price of our ADSs and ordinary shares following this offering, and the composition of our income and assets, we do not expect to be considered a “passive foreign investment company,” or PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes for our current taxable year ending December 31, 2006. However, we must make a separate determination each year as to whether we are a PFIC (after the close of each taxable year). Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will not be a PFIC for our current taxable year ending December 31, 2006 or any future taxable year. A non-U.S. corporation will be considered a PFIC for any taxable year if either (i) at least 75% of its gross income is passive income or (ii) at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. The value of our assets generally will be determined by reference to the market price of our ADSs and ordinary shares, which may fluctuate considerably. In addition, the composition of our income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we spend the cash we raise in any offering. If we were treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder held an ADS or an ordinary share, certain adverse United States federal income tax consequences could apply to the U.S. Holder. For the definition of “U.S. Holder” and a more detailed discussion of United States federal income tax consequencies to U.S. Holders, see “Taxation—United States Federal Income Taxation—Passive Foreign Investment Company.”
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This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
You can identify these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include:
| • | our anticipated growth strategies; |
| • | our future business development, results of operations and financial condition; |
| • | expected changes in our revenues and certain cost or expense items; |
| • | our ability to attract customers and leverage our brand; |
| • | trends and competition in the lodging industry; and |
| • | our ability to develop new hotels at desirable locations in a timely and cost-effective manner. |
You should read thoroughly this prospectus and the documents that we refer to in this prospectus with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. Other sections of this prospectus include additional factors which could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately US$60.1 million, or approximately US$72.8 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of ADSs by the selling shareholders.
We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering as follows:
| • | approximately US$35.0 million to fund the expansion of our hotel chain and the improvement of existing hotel properties; |
| • | approximately US$7.5 million to repay all of our outstanding indebtedness to BTG; and |
| • | the balance to fund working capital and for other general corporate purposes, which may include strategic acquisitions of complementary businesses, although we are not currently negotiating any such transaction. |
The following table sets forth a summary of our outstanding indebtedness to BTG as of September 30, 2006, which we intend to repay using part of the proceeds we will receive from this offering:
| Lender |
Date of Borrowing |
Due Date | Principal (in RMB) |
Principal (in US$) |
Interest Rate |
||||||
| BTG |
07/15/2005 | 07/14/2008 | 20,000,000 | 2,501,783 | 6.1747 | % | |||||
| BTG |
09/07/2005 | 09/06/2008 | 10,000,000 | 1,250,891 | 6.1747 | % | |||||
| BTG |
10/18/2005 | 10/17/2007 | 10,000,000 | 1,250,891 | 6.1747 | % | |||||
| BTG |
01/11/2006 | 01/10/2008 | 20,000,000 | 2,501,783 | 6.1747 | % |
In utilizing the proceeds of this offering, as an offshore holding company, we are permitted, under PRC regulations, to provide funding to our PRC subsidiaries only through loans or capital contributions. Subject to satisfaction of applicable government registrations and approval requirements, we may extend inter-company loans or make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries to fund their capital expenditures or working capital. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain these government registrations or approvals on a timely basis, if at all. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRC entities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operating subsidiaries.”
The foregoing represents our current intentions to use and allocate the net proceeds of this offering based upon our present plans and business conditions. Our management, however, will have significant flexibility and discretion to apply the net proceeds of this offering. If an unforeseen event occurs or business conditions change, we may use the proceeds of this offering differently than as described in this prospectus.
Pending use of the net proceeds, we intend to hold our net proceeds in demand deposits or invest them in interest-bearing government securities.
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We have no present plan to declare and pay any dividends on our shares or ADSs in the near future. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.
We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. We rely on dividends from our subsidiaries in China. Current PRC regulations permit our subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China is required to set aside a certain amount of its accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserves. These reserves may not be distributed as cash dividends. Further, if our subsidiaries in China incur debt on their own behalf, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us.
Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to the approval of our shareholders. Even if our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that the board of directors may deem relevant. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses payable thereunder. See “Description of American Depositary Shares.” Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.
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The following table sets forth our capitalization as of June 30, 2006:
| • | on an actual basis; |
| • | on an as adjusted basis to reflect the automatic conversion of all of our outstanding preferred shares into 22,924,886 ordinary shares upon the closing of this offering, and the sale of 9,771,654 ordinary shares in the form of ADSs by us in this offering at the initial public offering price of US$6.90 per share, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. |
You should read this table together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
| As of June 30, 2006 | ||||||||
| Actual | As adjusted | |||||||
| RMB | US$ | RMB | US$ | |||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
| Loans |
126,000 | 15,761 | 126,000 | 15,761 | ||||
| Shareholders’ equity: |
||||||||
| Ordinary shares, US$0.005 par value, 177,075,114 shares authorized, 27,399,140 shares issued and outstanding |
1,134 | 142 | 2,474 | 310 | ||||
| Series A preferred shares, US$0.005 par value, 17,241,400 shares authorized, issued and outstanding on an actual basis |
714 | 89 | — | — | ||||
| Series B preferred shares, US$0.005 par value, 2,417,645 shares authorized, issued and outstanding on an actual basis |
100 | 13 | — | — | ||||
| Series C preferred shares, US$0.005 par value, 3,265,841 shares authorized, issued and outstanding on an actual basis |
135 | 17 | — | — | ||||
| Additional paid-in capital |
151,104 | 18,901 | 631,024 | 78,934 | ||||
| Statutory reserve |
11,360 | 1,421 | 11,360 | 1,421 | ||||
| Retained earnings |
42,820 | 5,356 | 42,820 | 5,356 | ||||
| Total shareholders’ equity |
207,367 | 25,939 | 687,678 | 86,021 | ||||
| Total capitalization |
333,367 | 41,700 | 813,678 | 101,782 | ||||
32
Our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2006 was approximately US$0.43 per share, and US$0.86 per ADS. Net tangible book value per share represents the amount of total tangible assets, minus the amount of total liabilities, divided by the total number of ordinary shares outstanding. Dilution is determined by subtracting net tangible book value per ordinary share from the assumed public offering price per ordinary share.
Without taking into account any other changes in such net tangible book value after June 30, 2006, other than to give effect to (i) the conversion of all of our preferred shares into ordinary shares, which will occur automatically upon the closing of this offering, and (ii) our sale of the 4,885,827 ADSs offered in this offering, at the initial public offering price of US$13.80 per ADS, and after deduction of underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses (assuming the over-allotment option is not exercised), our pro forma net tangible book value at June 30, 2006 would have been US$1.36 per outstanding ordinary share, including ordinary shares underlying our outstanding ADSs, or US$2.72 per ADS. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of US$0.93 per ordinary share, or US$1.86 per ADS, to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of US$5.54 per ordinary share, or US$11.08 per ADS, to purchasers of ADSs in this offering.
The following table illustrates the dilution on a per ordinary share basis based on the initial public offering price of US$6.90 per ordinary share and assuming all ADSs are exchanged for ordinary shares:
| Assumed initial public offering price per ordinary share |
US$ | 6.90 | |
| Net tangible book value per ordinary share |
US$ | 1.36 | |
| Amount of dilution in net tangible book value per ordinary share to new investors in the offering |
US$ | 5.54 | |
| Amount of dilution in net tangible book value per ADS to new investors in the offering |
US$ | 11.08 | |
The following table summarizes, on a pro forma basis as of October 25, 2006, the differences between the shareholders as of October 25, 2006 and the new investors with respect to the number of ordinary shares purchased from us, the total consideration paid and the average price per ordinary share paid at the initial public offering price of US$13.80 per ADS before deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. The total number of ordinary shares does not include 988,410 ADSs issuable pursuant to the exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters. The pro forma information discussed above is illustrative only.
| Ordinary Shares Purchased |
Total Consideration | Average Price Per Ordinary Share |
Average Price Per ADS | ||||||||||||||
| Number | Percent | Amount | Percent | ||||||||||||||
| Existing shareholders |
54,698,475 | 85 | % | US$ | 27,839,896 | 29 | % | US$ | 0.51 | US$ | 1.02 | ||||||
| New investors |
9,771,654 | 15 | % | 67,424,413 | 71 | % | 6.90 | 13.80 | |||||||||
| Total |
64,470,129 | 100 | % | US$ | 95,264,309 | 100 | % | ||||||||||
The discussion and tables above also assume no exercise of any outstanding stock options. As of the date of this prospectus, there are 3,042,886 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options at a weighted average exercise price of US$2.41 per share, and there are 200,927 ordinary shares plus 6% of our total outstanding shares from time to time (excluding shares issuable upon exercise of options or otherwise pursuant to any of our share incentive plans) available for future issuance upon the exercise of future grants under our share incentive plans. To the extent that any of these options are exercised, there will be further dilution to new investors.
33
Our business is conducted in China and substantially all of our revenues are denominated in RMB. However, periodic reports made to shareholders will be expressed in U.S. dollars using the then current exchange rates. This prospectus contains translations of RMB amounts into U.S. dollars at specific rates solely for the convenience of the reader. The conversion of RMB into U.S. dollars in this prospectus is based on the noon buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers of RMB as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Unless otherwise noted, all translations of financial data from RMB to U.S. dollars in this prospectus were made at a rate of RMB7.9943 to US$1.00, the noon buying rate in effect as of June 30, 2006. We make no representation that any RMB or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or RMB, as the case may be, at any particular rate, the rates stated below, or at all. The PRC government imposes control over its foreign currency reserves in part through direct regulation of the conversion of RMB into foreign exchange and through restrictions on foreign trade. On October 25, 2006, the noon buying rate was RMB7.9010 to US$1.00.
The following table sets forth information concerning exchange rates between the RMB and the U.S. dollar for the periods indicated. These rates are provided solely for your convenience and are not necessarily the exchange rates that we used in this prospectus or will use in the preparation of our periodic reports or any other information to be provided to you. The source of these rates is the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
| Period |
Noon Buying Rate | |||||||
| Period End |
Average (1) | Low | High | |||||
| (RMB Per US$1.00) | ||||||||
| 2001 |
8.2766 | 8.2770 | 8.2786 | 8.2676 | ||||
| 2002 |
8.2800 | 8.2770 | 8.2800 | 8.2669 | ||||
| 2003 |
8.2767 | 8.2772 | 8.2800 | 8.2765 | ||||
| 2004 |
8.2765 | 8.2768 | 8.2774 | 8.2764 | ||||
| 2005 |
8.0702 | 8.1940 | 8.2765 | 8.0702 | ||||
| 2006 |
||||||||
| April |
8.0165 | 8.0143 | 8.0248 | 8.0040 | ||||
| May |
8.0215 | 8.0131 | 8.0300 | 8.0005 | ||||
| June |
7.9943 | 8.0042 | 8.0225 | 7.9943 | ||||
| July |
7.9690 | 7.9897 | 8.0018 | 7.9690 | ||||
| August |
7.9538 | 7.9722 | 8.0000 | 7.9538 | ||||
| September |
7.9040 | 7.9334 | 7.9545 | 7.8965 | ||||
| October (through October 25) |
7.9010 | 7.9060 | 7.9168 | 7.9000 | ||||
| (1) | Annual averages are calculated from month-end rates. Monthly averages are calculated using the average of the daily rates during the relevant period. |
34
ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We were incorporated in the Cayman Islands in order to enjoy the following benefits:
| • | political and economic stability; |
| • | an effective judicial system; |
| • | a favorable tax system; |
| • | the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions; and |
| • | the availability of professional and support services. |
However, certain disadvantages accompany incorporation in the Cayman Islands. These disadvantages include:
| • | the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and these securities laws provide significantly less protection to investors; and |
| • | Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States. |
Our constituent documents do not contain provisions requiring that disputes, including those arising under the securities laws of the United States, between us, our officers, directors and shareholders, be arbitrated.
All of our operations are conducted in China, and substantially all of our assets are located in China. A majority of our officers are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States and a substantial portion of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for a shareholder to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.
We have appointed CT Corporation System, 111 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10011, as our agent upon whom process may be served in any action brought against us under the securities laws of the United States.
Maples and Calder, our counsel as to Cayman Islands law, and Commerce & Finance Law Offices, our counsel as to PRC law, have advised us, respectively, that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands and China, respectively, would:
| • | recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States; or |
| • | entertain original actions brought in each respective jurisdiction against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. |
Maples and Calder has further advised us that a final and conclusive judgment in the federal or state courts of the United States under which a sum of money is payable, other than a sum payable in respect of taxes, fines, penalties or similar charges, may be subject to enforcement proceedings as a debt in the courts of the Cayman Islands under the common law doctrine of obligation.
Commerce & Finance Law Offices has further advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of PRC Civil Procedures Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions.
35
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
Our Selected Consolidated Financial Data
You should read the following information in conjunction with our and Home Inns Beijing’s consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The following selected consolidated financial information has been derived from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and our consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 have been derived from our consolidated financial statements for the relevant periods which have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company, an independent registered public accounting firm, and are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and reflect our current corporate structure as if it had been in existence throughout the relevant periods. Our selected consolidated statement of operations data for the six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2006 and our consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2006 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our selected consolidated statement of operations data for the year ended December 31, 2002 and our consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2002 and 2003 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements which are not included in this prospectus. We have prepared the unaudited consolidated financial information on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial statements. The unaudited consolidated financial information includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments, that we consider necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and operating results for the periods presented. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate results expected for any future periods. As Home Inns Beijing, our primary operating entity, was not established until April 2002, we do not believe our financial data for the year ended December 31, 2001 provide any meaningful information by which to evaluate our business, and thus have not included our selected financial data for 2001 in this section or elsewhere in this prospectus.
We have been actively managing Home Inns Beijing since its inception. Home Inns Hong Kong’s ownership in Home Inns Beijing was accounted for under the equity method since Home Inns Beijing’s inception until April 2004, because during this period of time, BTG had substantive participation rights that enabled it to veto significant decisions made by Home Inns Hong Kong. In April 2004, Home Inns Hong Kong and Beijing Capital Travel, a subsidiary of BTG, entered into a revised joint venture agreement, under which Home Inns Hong Kong obtained control of Home Inns Beijing. As a result, Home Inns Beijing has been our consolidated subsidiary since then.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||
| RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | RMB | RMB | US$ | |||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except share, per share and per ADS data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Statement of Operations Data |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leased-and-operated hotels |
— | — | 93,687 | 279,948 | 35,018 | 106,978 | 243,492 | 30,458 | ||||||||||||||
| Franchised-and-managed hotels |
— | — | 2,313 | 5,913 | 740 | 2,428 | 5,567 | 696 | ||||||||||||||
| Total revenues |
— | — | 96,000 | 285,861 | 35,758 | 109,406 | 249,059 | 31,154 | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Business tax and related surcharges |
— | — | (5,101 | ) | (16,830 | ) | (2,105 | ) | (6,669 | ) | (13,344 | ) | (1,669 | ) | ||||||||
| Net revenues |
— | — | 90,899 | 269,031 | 33,653 | 102,737 | 235,715 | 29,485 | ||||||||||||||
36
| For the Year Ended December 31, | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||||
| RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | RMB | RMB | US$ | |||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except share, per share and per ADS data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Statement of Operations Data (continued) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating costs and expenses(1): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leased-and-operated hotel costs: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rents and utilities |
— | — | (30,703 | ) | (94,784 | ) | (11,856 | ) | (36,701 | ) | (73,976 | ) | (9,254 | ) | ||||||||||
| Personnel costs |
— | — | (12,949 | ) | (41,225 | ) | (5,157 | ) | (15,782 | ) | (36,502 | ) | (4,566 | ) | ||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization |
— | — | (5,681 | ) | (23,335 | ) | (2,919 | ) | (8,828 | ) | (19,730 | ) | (2,468 | ) | ||||||||||
| Consumables, food and beverage |
— | — | (6,441 | ) | (20,765 | ) | (2,598 | ) | (7,609 | ) | (17,811 | ) | (2,228 | ) | ||||||||||
| Others |
— | — | (8,162 | ) | (26,100 | ) | (3,265 | ) | (9,783 | ) | (23,022 | ) | (2,880 | ) | ||||||||||
| Total leased-and-operated hotel costs |
— | — | (63,936 | ) | (206,209 | ) | (25,795 | ) | (78,703 | ) | (171,041 | ) | (21,396 | ) | ||||||||||
| Sales and marketing expenses |
— | — | (2,113 | ) | (7,691 | ) | (962 | ) | (2,754 | ) | (3,898 | ) | (488 | ) | ||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses |
(40 | ) | (365 | ) | (15,983 | ) | (24,535 | ) | (3,069 | ) | (10,338 | ) | (20,898 | ) | (2,613 | ) | ||||||||
| Total operating costs and expenses |
(40 | ) | (365 | ) | (82,032 | ) | (238,435 | ) | (29,826 | ) | (91,795 | ) | (195,837 | ) | (24,497 | ) | ||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations |
(40 | ) | (365 | ) | 8,867 | 30,596 | 3,827 | 10,942 | 39,878 | 4,988 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income |
2 | 1 | 89 | 222 | 28 | 96 | 291 | 36 | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense |
— | — | (98 | ) | (709 | ) | (89 | ) | — | (2,719 | ) | (340 | ) | |||||||||||
| Other non-operating income |
— | — | 325 | 2,146 | 269 | 1,875 | 1,700 | 213 | ||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income tax expense, minority interests and share of income of affiliated companies |
(38 | ) | (364 | ) | 9,183 | 32,255 | 4,035 | 12,913 | 39,150 | 4,897 | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense |
— | — | (5,738 | ) | (6,525 | ) | (817 | ) | (2,592 | ) | (9,204 | ) | (1,151 | ) | ||||||||||
| Minority interests |
— | — | 552 | (4,797 | ) | (600 | ) | (2,016 | ) | (2,697 | ) | (337 | ) | |||||||||||
| Share of income (loss) of affiliated companies |
(535 | ) | 1,878 | 1,972 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) |
(573 | ) | 1,514 | 5,969 | 20,933 | 2,618 | 8,305 | 27,249 | 3,409 | |||||||||||||||
| Amount allocated to participating preferred shareholders |
— | (868 | ) | (2,960 | ) | (9,487 | ) | (1,187 | ) | (3,757 | ) | (12,413 | ) | (1,553 | ) | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) available to ordinary shareholders |
(573 | ) | 646 | 3,009 | 11,446 | 1,431 | 4,548 | 14,836 | 1,856 | |||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic |
(0.05 | ) | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.42 | 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.54 | 0.07 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted |
(0.05 | ) | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.40 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.51 | 0.06 | |||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per ADS(2): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic |
(0.10 | ) | 0.12 | 0.30 | 0.84 | 0.10 | 0.34 | 1.08 | 0.14 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted |
(0.10 | ) | 0.12 | 0.30 | 0.80 | 0.10 | 0.32 | 1.02 | 0.12 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic |
11,000,000 | 11,000,000 | 19,981,424 | 27,399,140 | 27,399,140 | 27,399,140 | 27,399,140 | 27,399,140 | ||||||||||||||||
| Diluted |
11,000,000 | 11,000,000 | 20,315,681 | 28,713,188 | 28,713,188 | 28,560,208 | 29,235,149 | 29,235,149 | ||||||||||||||||
37
| (1) | Share-based compensation expenses are included in the consolidated statement of operations data as follows: |
| For the Year Ended December 31, | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||||
| RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | RMB | RMB | US$ | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
| Leased-and-operated hotel costs—personnel costs |
— | — | 8 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 1 | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses |
— | — | 141 | 952 | 119 | 480 | 1,029 | 128 | ||||||||
| (2) | Each ADS represents two ordinary shares. |
The following table presents a summary of our consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and as of June 30, 2006:
| As of December 31, | As of June 30, | |||||||||||||
| 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | ||||||||||
| RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | RMB | US$ | ||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
1,797 | 11,342 | 26,292 | 37,727 | 4,719 | 80,981 | 10,130 | |||||||
| Total assets |
6,983 | 47,466 | 174,304 | 375,002 | 46,909 | 502,780 | 62,892 | |||||||
| Total current liabilities |
2,054 | 2,193 | 39,768 | 119,187 | 14,909 | 190,903 | 23,880 | |||||||
| Deferred rental |
— | — | 11,890 | 26,534 | 3,319 | 33,103 | 4,141 | |||||||
| Long-term loan from a related party |
— | — | — | 40,000 | 5,004 | 60,000 | 7,505 | |||||||
| Convertible preferred shares |
— | 813 | 813 | 949 | 119 | 949 | 119 | |||||||
| Ordinary shares |
455 | 455 | 1,134 | 1,134 | 142 | 1,134 | 142 | |||||||
| Additional paid-in capital |
5,046 | 43,062 | 110,687 | 152,878 | 19,123 | 151,104 | 18,901 | |||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity |
4,929 | 45,273 | 116,861 | 179,083 | 22,401 | 207,367 | 25,939 | |||||||
38
Home Inns Beijing’s Selected Consolidated Financial Data
You should read the following information in conjunction with Home Inns Beijing’s consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The following selected consolidated financial information has been derived from Home Inns Beijing’s consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Home Inns Beijing’s consolidated statement of operations data and consolidated balance sheet data for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 have been derived from its consolidated financial statements for the relevant periods which have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company, an independent registered public accounting firm, and are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
We have been actively managing Home Inns Beijing since its inception. Home Inns Hong Kong’s ownership in Home Inns Beijing was accounted for under the equity method since Home Inns Beijing’s inception until April 2004, because during this period of time, BTG had substantive participation rights that enabled it to veto significant decisions made by Home Inns Hong Kong. In April 2004, Home Inns Hong Kong and Beijing Capital Travel, a subsidiary of BTG, entered into a revised joint venture agreement, under which Home Inns Hong Kong obtained control of Home Inns Beijing. As a result, Home Inns Beijing has been our consolidated subsidiary since then.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||
| 2003 | 2004 | |||||
| RMB | RMB | |||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||
| Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: |
||||||
| Revenues: |
||||||
| Leased-and-operated hotels |
43,842 | 112,914 | ||||
| Franchised-and-managed hotels |
— | 2,364 | ||||
| Total revenues |
43,842 | 115,278 | ||||
| Less: Business tax and related surcharges |
(1,662 | ) | (6,150 | ) | ||
| Net revenues |
42,180 | 109,128 | ||||
| Operating costs and expenses(1): |
||||||
| Leased-and-operated hotel costs: |
||||||
| Rents and utilities |
(13,901 | ) | (36,463 | ) | ||
| Personnel costs |
(6,677 | ) | (15,653 | ) | ||
| Consumables, food and beverage |
(3,268 | ) | (8,149 | ) | ||
| Depreciation and amortization |
(2,179 | ) | (6,685 | ) | ||
| Others |
(5,720 | ) | (10,019 | ) | ||
| Total leased-and-operated hotel costs |
(31,745 | ) | (76,969 | ) | ||
| Sales and marketing expenses |
(2,141 | ) | (2,563 | ) | ||
| General and administrative expenses |
(5,604 | ) | (16,607 | ) | ||
| Total operating costs and expenses |
(39,490 | ) | (96,139 | ) | ||
| Income from operations |
2,690 | 12,989 | ||||
| Interest income |
86 | 110 | ||||
| Interest expense |
— | (125 | ) | |||
| Other non-operating income |
30 | 328 | ||||
| Income before income tax expense and minority interests |
2,806 | 13,302 | ||||
| Income tax expense |
(318 | ) | (6,861 | ) | ||
| Minority interests |
— | 1,294 | ||||
| Share of income of affiliated companies |
— | — | ||||
| Net income |
2,488 | 7,735 | ||||
39
(1) Share-based compensation expenses are included in the statement of operations data as follows: |
||||
| For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||
| 2003 | 2004 | |||
| RMB | RMB | |||
| (in thousands) | ||||
| Leased-and-operated hotel costs—personnel costs |
— | 8 | ||
| General and administrative expenses |
— | 141 | ||
The following table presents a summary of Home Inns Beijing’s consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2003 and 2004:
| As of December 31, | ||||
| 2003 | 2004 | |||
| RMB | RMB | |||
| (in thousands) | ||||
| Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: |
||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
16,283 | 16,710 | ||
| Total assets |
56,985 | 130,562 | ||
| Total current liabilities |
13,843 | 39,900 | ||
| Deferred rental |
2,681 | 11,890 | ||
| Paid-in capital |
38,945 | 68,945 | ||
| Additional paid-in capital |
— | 150 | ||
| Total shareholders’ equity |
40,461 | 78,346 | ||
40
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the section entitled “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
We are a leading economy hotel chain in China based on the number of our hotels and the number of our hotel rooms as well as the geographic coverage of our hotel chain. We develop and operate economy hotels across China under our award-winning Home Inn brand. We have experienced substantial growth while maintaining profitability since 2003. Our Home Inns hotels in operation grew rapidly from 10 hotels in four cities as of the end of 2003 to 68 hotels in 22 cities as of the end of 2005, and our net income grew from RMB1.5 million in 2003 to RMB20.9 million (US$2.6 million) in 2005. In the six months ended June 30, 2006, we generated total revenues of RMB249.1 million (US$31.2 million) and net income of RMB27.2 million (US$3.4 million). As of June 30, 2006, our Home Inns hotel chain consisted of 63 leased-and-operated hotels in operation with an additional 33 leased-and-operated hotels under development and 19 franchised-and-managed hotels in operation with an additional 24 franchised-and-managed hotels under development, covering 40 cities in China.
We have achieved our growth by utilizing two business models. We either lease properties on which we develop and operate hotels or we franchise our brand to hotel owners and manage these hotels. We refer to the former type of hotels as “leased-and-operated hotels” and to the latter type of hotels as “franchised-and-managed hotels.” Our recent growth has been primarily organic, through developing and operating additional hotels in existing markets and expanding the geographic reach of our hotel chain. We intend to develop and operate additional hotels under both business models to maintain or achieve a dominant position in every market covered by our Home Inns hotel chain.
Our operating results are subject to conditions typically affecting the lodging industry, including changes in the national, regional or local economic conditions in China; natural disasters or travelers’ fears of exposure to serious contagious diseases; the attractiveness of our hotels to customers and competition from other hotels; local market conditions such as an oversupply of, or a reduction in demand for, hotel rooms; and increases in operating costs and expenses due to inflation and other factors. Unfavorable changes in any of these conditions could negatively impact our occupancy rates, average daily rates and, as a result, RevPAR or otherwise adversely affect our results of operations. While our operating results are influenced by conditions typically affecting the lodging industry and also by conditions in each of the geographic markets we operate, they are more directly affected by company-specific key performance indicators as discussed below.
Key Performance Indicators
We utilize a set of non-financial and financial key performance indicators which our senior management reviews frequently. The review of these indicators facilitates timely evaluation of the performance of our business and effective communication of results and key decisions, allowing our business to react promptly to changing customer demands and market conditions.
Our non-financial key performance indicators consist of the increase in the total number of hotels and hotel rooms in our Home Inns hotel chain as well as RevPAR achieved by our hotels. The increase in the number of hotels in our hotel chain is largely affected by the demand for our hotels in various cities and our ability to successfully identify and secure new properties and develop new hotels at desirable locations. RevPAR is a
41
commonly used operating measure in the hospitality industry and is defined as the product of average occupancy rates and average daily rates achieved. Occupancy rates of our hotels mainly depend on the locations of our hotels, the effectiveness of our sales and brand promotion efforts, our ability to maintain the consistency and quality of our facilities and service, the performance of managerial and other employees of our hotels, as well as our ability to respond to competitive pressure. We set room rates of our hotels primarily based on the location of a hotel and room rates charged by our competitors within the same locality. Changes in RevPAR primarily due to changes in average occupancy rates achieved have different implications on our total revenues and profitability than changes in RevPAR primarily due to changes in average daily rates achieved. For example, increases in occupancy at our hotels would generally lead to increases in room revenues as well as additional incremental costs, such as housekeeping services, utilities and room amenity costs. However, RevPAR increases due to higher room rates generally would not result in these additional room-related costs. As a result, RevPAR increases due to higher room rates would have a greater positive effect on our profitability.
Our financial key performance indicators consist of our revenue and cost structure, which are discussed in greater details in the following paragraphs. In addition, we use EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, as a key financial performance indicator to assess our operating results before the impact of interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Given the significant investments that we have made in leasehold improvements, depreciation and amortization expense comprises a significant portion of our cost structure. We believe that EBITDA is widely used by other companies in the lodging industry and may be used by investors as a measure of our financial performance.
Revenues. In 2005, we generated total revenues of RMB285.9 million (US$35.8 million). Our revenues are significantly affected by the following operating measures which are widely used in the hospitality industry and appear throughout this prospectus:
| • | the total number of hotels in our hotel chain; |
| • | the total number of hotel rooms in our hotel chain; |
| • | occupancy rates achieved by our hotels; |
| • | average daily rates achieved by our hotels; and |
| • | RevPAR achieved by our hotels, which represents the product of average daily rates and occupancy rates. |
Our future revenue growth will depend significantly upon our ability to expand our hotel chain into new markets in China and maintain and further increase occupancy rates, average daily rates and RevPAR at existing hotels. As of June 30, 2006, we had entered into binding contracts with lessors of 33 properties for our leased-and-operated hotels which are currently under development. We expect to incur an additional RMB140.0 million (US$17.5 million) in capital expenditures in connection with the completion of the leasehold improvements of these hotels. To support this planned expansion, we currently expect to hire approximately 900 to 1,200 new employees for hotel operations and approximately 15 to 20 new employees for our corporate office. We intend to fund this planned expansion with our operating cash flow, existing cash balance and the remaining funds available under our credit facilities which amounted to approximately RMB20.0 million (US$2.5 million) as of June 30, 2006.
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The following table sets forth the revenues generated by our leased-and-operated hotels and franchised-and-managed hotels, both in absolute amount and as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RMB | % | RMB | US$ | % | RMB | % | RMB | US$ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leased-and-operated hotels |
93,687 | 97.6 | 279,948 | 35,018 | 97.9 | 106,978 | 97.8 | 243,492 | 30,458 | 97.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchised-and-managed hotels |
2,313 | 2.4 | 5,913 | 740 | 2.1 | 2,428 | 2.2 | 5,567 | 696 | 2.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues |
96,000 | 100.0 | 285,861 | 35,758 | 100.0 | 109,406 | 100.0 | 249,059 | 31,154 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Business tax and related surcharges |
(5,101 | ) | (5.3 | ) | (16,830 | ) | (2,105 | ) | (5.9 | ) | (6,669 | ) | (6.1 | ) | (13,344 | ) | (1,669 | ) | (5.4 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net revenues |
90,899 | 94.7 | 269,031 | 33,653 | 94.1 | 102,737 | 93.9 | 235,715 | 29,485 | 94.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Leased-and-operated Hotels. In 2005, we generated revenues of RMB279.9 million (US$35.0 million) from our leased-and-operated hotels, which accounted for 97.9% of our total revenues for the year. For the first half of 2006, we generated revenues of RMB243.5 million (US$30.5 million) from our leased-and-operated hotels, which accounted for 97.8% of our total revenues for the period. We expect that revenues from our leased-and-operated hotels will continue to constitute a substantial majority of our total revenues in the foreseeable future.
For our leased-and-operated hotels, we lease properties from real estate owners or lessors and we are responsible for hotel development and customization to conform to the standards of Home Inns, as well as for repairs and maintenance and operating costs and expenses of properties over the term of the lease. We are also responsible for all aspects of hotel operations and management, including hiring, training and supervising the managers and employees required to operate our hotels and purchasing supplies. We typically pay fixed rent on a quarterly basis for the first three or five years of the lease term, after which we are generally subject to a 3% to 5% increase every three to five years.
Revenues from our leased-and-operated hotels primarily consist of revenues from sales of room stays and, to a much lesser extent, revenues from sales of food and beverage at our hotels and other services. We recognize revenues from sales of room stays, food and beverage when our services are rendered.
Franchised-and-managed Hotels. In 2005, we generated revenues of RMB5.9 million (US$0.7 million) from our franchised-and-managed hotels, which accounted for 2.1% of our total revenues for the year. For the first half of 2006, we generated revenues of RMB5.6 million (US$0.7 million) from our franchised-and-managed hotels, which accounted for 2.2% of our total revenues for the period. We expect that revenues from our franchised-and-managed hotels will increase in the foreseeable future as we add more franchised-and-managed hotels in our hotel chain.
For our franchised-and-managed hotels, we franchise our “Home Inn” brand to franchisees who are property owners, lessors or existing hotel operators, and we are generally responsible for managing these hotels. Under a typical franchise agreement between us and a franchisee, the franchisee is generally required to pay us an initial franchise fee of RMB200,000 to RMB300,000, annual franchise fees of 3% of the revenues of the hotel, as well as an annual management fee of 3% of the revenues of the hotel. The franchisee is responsible for the costs of hotel development and customization to conform to the standards of Home Inns, as well as for repairs and maintenance and operating expenses of the hotel. We assist the franchisee in property design, construction, systems installation, and hotel personnel recruiting and training before the franchised-and-managed hotel commences operations. We allow our franchisees to utilize our integrated hotel information and operational systems, such as central reservation system, and charge them an annual or variable fee for such use.
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We recognize the initial franchise fee as revenue when the franchised-and-managed hotel opens for business, the fee becomes non-refundable, and we have fulfilled all our commitments and obligations. We recognize ongoing franchise and management fees as revenues when the franchised-and-managed hotel recognizes revenues from which we derive the fees. We recognize fees received from franchisees for system usage, maintenance and support as revenues when our services are rendered.
Operating Costs and Expenses. Our operating costs and expenses consist of costs for our leased-and-operated hotels, sales and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses and other operating expenses. The following table sets forth the components of our operating costs and expenses, both in absolute amount and as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RMB | % | RMB | US$ | % | RMB | % | RMB | US$ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues |
96,000 | 100.0 | 285,861 | 35,758 | 100.0 | 109,406 | 100.0 | 249,059 | 31,154 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Business tax and related surcharges |
(5,101 | ) | (5.3 | ) | (16,830 | ) | (2,105 | ) | (5.9 | ) | (6,669 | ) | (6.1 | ) | (13,344 | ) | (1,669 | ) | (5.4 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net revenues |
90,899 | 94.7 | 269,031 | 33,653 | 94.1 | 102,737 | 93.9 | 235,715 | 29,485 | 94.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Leased-and-operated hotel costs: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rents and utilities |
(30,703 | ) | (32.0 | ) | (94,784 | ) | (11,856 | ) | (33.1 | ) | (36,701 | ) | (33.5 | ) | (73,976 | ) | (9,254 | ) | (29.7 | ) | ||||||||||
| Personnel costs |
(12,949 | ) | (13.5 | ) | (41,225 | ) | (5,157 | ) | (14.4 | ) | (15,782 | ) | (14.4 | ) | (36,502 | ) | (4,566 | ) | (14.7 | ) | ||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization |
(5,681 | ) | (5.9 | ) | (23,335 | ) | (2,919 | ) | (8.2 | ) | (8,828 | ) | (8.1 | ) | (19,730 | ) | (2,468 | ) | (7.9 | ) | ||||||||||
| Consumables, food and beverage |
(6,441 | ) | (6.7 | ) | (20,765 | ) | (2,598 | ) | (7.3 | ) | (7,609 | ) | (7.0 | ) | (17,811 | ) | (2,228 | ) | (7.2 | ) | ||||||||||
| Others |
(8,162 | ) | (8.5 | ) | (26,100 | ) | (3,265 | ) | (9.1 | ) | (9,783 | ) | (8.9 | ) | (23,022 | ) | (2,880 | ) | (9.2 | ) | ||||||||||
| Total leased-and-operated hotel costs |
(63,936 | ) | (66.6 | ) | (206,209 | ) | (25,795 | ) | (72.1 | ) | (78,703 | ) | (71.9 | ) | (171,041 | ) | (21,396 | ) | (68.7 | ) | ||||||||||
| Sales and marketing expenses |
(2,113 | ) | (2.2 | ) | (7,691 | ) | (962 | ) | (2.7 | ) | (2,754 | ) | (2.5 | ) | (3,898 | ) | (488 | ) | (1.6 | ) | ||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses |
(15,983 | ) | (16.7 | ) | (24,535 | ) | (3,069 | ) | (8.6 | ) | (10,338 | ) | (9.4 | ) | (20,898 | ) | (2,613 | ) | (8.4 | ) | ||||||||||
| Total operating costs and expenses |
(82,032 | ) | (85.5 | ) | (238,435 | ) | (29,826 | ) | (83.4 | ) | (91,795 | ) | (83.9 | |||||||||||||||||