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Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings/Inc · 10-K · For 12/31/07

Filed On 2/14/08   ·   SEC File 1-32663   ·   Accession Number 1193125-8-31515

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 2/14/08  Clear Channel Outdo..Holdings/Inc 10-K       12/31/07    9:188                                    RR Donnelley/FA

Annual Report   ·   Form 10-K
Filing Table of Contents

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: 10-K        Annual Report                                       HTML  1,095K 
 2: EX-3.2      Amended and Restated Bylaws                         HTML     82K 
 3: EX-11       Statement Re: Computation of Per Share Earnings     HTML     15K 
 4: EX-21       Subsidiaries of Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings,     HTML     55K 
                          Inc.                                                   
 5: EX-23.1     Consent of Ernst & Young Llp                        HTML      6K 
 6: EX-31.1     Section 302 Ceo Certification                       HTML     12K 
 7: EX-31.2     Section 302 Cfo Certification                       HTML     12K 
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10-K   ·   Annual Report
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11st Page
"Table of Contents
"Item 1. Business
"Item 1A. Risk Factors
"Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
"Item 2. Properties
"Item 3. Legal Proceedings
"Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
"Item 5. Market for Registrant s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
"Item 6. Selected Financial Data
"Item 7. Management s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
"Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
"Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
"Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
"Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
"Item 9B. Other Information
"Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
"Item 11. Executive Compensation
"Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
"Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
"Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
"Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

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  Form 10-K  
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-K

 

x Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
   For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, or

 

¨ Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
   For the transition period from              to             .

Commission File Number 1-32663

CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   86-0812139

(State of Incorporation)

  (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

200 East Basse Road

San Antonio, Texas 78209

Telephone (210) 832-3700

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,

including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

                    Title of Each Class                                        

       Name of Exchange on Which Registered    
Class A Common Stock, $.01 par value per share    New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES ¨ NO x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES ¨ NO x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES x NO ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer x        Accelerated filer ¨         Non-accelerated filer ¨        Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ¨ NO x

As of June 30, 2007, the aggregate market value of the Common Stock beneficially held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $1.1 billion based on the closing sales price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange. (For purposes hereof, directors, executive officers and 10% or greater shareholders have been deemed affiliates).

On February 13, 2008, there were 40,553,304 outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock, excluding 1,857 shares held in treasury, and 315,000,000 outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of our Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting, expected to be filed within 120 days of our fiscal year end, are incorporated by reference into Part III.


Table of Contents

CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR HOLDINGS, INC.

 INDEX TO FORM 10-K

 

     Page
Number

PART I

  

Item 1. Business

   3

Item 1A. Risk Factors

   17

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

   30

Item 2. Properties

   30

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

   30

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

   30

PART II

  

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

   31

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

   31

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   34

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

   52

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

   53

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   86

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

   86

Item 9B. Other Information

   87

PART III

  

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

   88

Item 11. Executive Compensation

   90

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

   90

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

   90

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

   90

PART IV

  

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

   91


Table of Contents

PART I

 Item 1.    Business

The Company

Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc. provides clients with advertising opportunities through billboards, street furniture displays, transit displays and other out-of-home advertising displays, such as wallscapes, spectaculars, neons and mall displays, which we own or operate in key markets worldwide. Our business consists of two reportable operating segments: Americas and International. As of December 31, 2007, we owned or operated approximately 897,000 advertising displays worldwide. For the year ended December 31, 2007, we generated revenue of approximately $3.3 billion, with $1.5 billion and $1.8 billion from our Americas and International segments, respectively.

Our History

In 1997, Clear Channel Communications, Inc., or Clear Channel Communications, our parent company, entered the outdoor advertising industry with its acquisition of Eller Media Company. In 1998, Clear Channel Communications acquired Universal Outdoor, giving Clear Channel Communications an outdoor presence in 33 major United States markets with over 88,000 displays. Also in 1998, Clear Channel Communications acquired More Group plc, a European-based company operating in 25 countries. In June 2002, Clear Channel Communications acquired The Ackerley Group, further increasing its market share.

On November 11, 2005, we became a publicly traded company through an initial public offering, or IPO, in which we sold 10%, or 35.0 million shares, of our Class A common stock. Prior to our initial public offering we were an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Clear Channel Communications. Clear Channel Communications currently owns all of our outstanding shares of Class B common stock representing approximately 89% of the outstanding shares of our common stock and approximately 99% of the total voting power of our common stock.

We entered into agreements with Clear Channel Communications that govern the relationship between Clear Channel Communications and us and provide for, among other things, the provision of services by Clear Channel Communications to us and the allocation of employee benefit, tax and other liabilities and obligations attributable to our operations. These agreements include, among others, a master agreement, corporate services agreement, registration rights agreement, tax matters agreement and employee matters agreement. All of the agreements relating to our ongoing relationship with Clear Channel Communications were made in the context of a parent-subsidiary relationship and the terms of these agreements may be more or less favorable to us than if they had been negotiated with unaffiliated third parties.

Clear Channel Communications has the right to terminate the Corporate Services Agreement, Employee Matters Agreement and Tax Matters Agreement in various circumstances. As of the date of the filing of this report, no notice of termination of any of these agreements has been received from Clear Channel Communications.

For as long as Clear Channel Communications is the owner of such number of shares representing more than 50% of the total voting power of our common stock, it will have the ability to direct the election of all of the members of our Board of Directors and to exercise a controlling influence over our business and affairs, including any determination with respect to mergers or other business combinations involving us, the acquisition or disposition of assets by us, the incurrence of indebtedness by us, the issuance of any additional common stock or other equity services by us, the repurchase or redemption of common stock or preferred stock by us and the payment of dividends by us. Similarly, Clear Channel Communications will have the power to determine or significantly influence the outcome of matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders, including the power to prevent an acquisition or any other change in control of us, and to take other actions that might be favorable to Clear Channel Communications.

Recent Developments

On November 16, 2006, Clear Channel Communications agreed to be acquired by a group of equity funds sponsored by Bain Capital Partners, LLC and Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P. On September 25, 2007, Clear Channel

 

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Communications’ shareholders approved the Merger Agreement. The closing of the transaction is subject to customary closing conditions. Assuming satisfaction of the closing conditions, the parties expect to close the merger by the end of the first quarter of 2008.

On January 17, 2008, we entered into an agreement to sell our equity investment in Clear Channel Independent, an out-of-home advertising company headquartered in South Africa with operations in Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. The closing of the transaction is subject to regulatory approval and other customary closing conditions.

You can find more information about us at our Internet website located at www.clearchanneloutdoor.com. Our filings are available free of charge via a link on our Internet website after we electronically file such material with the SEC.

Operating Segments

We have two reportable business segments: Americas and International.

 

   

Americas. Our Americas business segment includes our operations in the United States, Canada and Latin America. We own or operate approximately 209,000 displays in our Americas segment. Our assets consist of billboards, street furniture and transit displays, airport displays, mall displays, and wallscapes and other spectaculars. We have operations in 49 of the top 50 markets in the United States, including all of the top 20 markets. For the year ended December 31, 2007, Americas represented 45% of our net revenue.

 

   

International. Our International business segment includes our operations in Africa, Asia, Australia and Europe. We own or operate approximately 687,000 displays in approximately 50 countries. Our International assets consist of billboards, street furniture displays, transit displays and other out-of-home advertising displays. Subsequent to December 31, 2007, we entered into an agreement to sell our operations in Africa. For the year ended December 31, 2007, International represented 55% of our net revenue.

Our Strengths

Global Scale and Local Market Leadership

We own 897,000 advertising displays worldwide. We believe our global scale enables productive and cost-effective investment across our portfolio. Our outdoor advertising business is focused on urban markets with dense populations. Our real estate locations in these urban markets provide outstanding reach and frequency for our advertisers. In the United States, we operate in all of the top 20 markets. Internationally, we operate in France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom, as well as several attractive growth countries, including Australia and China. We have invested in real estate locations and new display technologies, such as digital billboards, which we believe will continue to support future revenue growth.

Attractive Out-of-home Industry Fundamentals

We believe outdoor advertising offers valuable out-of-home positions and compelling value propositions to advertisers.

 

   

Audience Reach. 98% of Americans travel in a car each week as reported by the Arbitron National In-Car Study (July 2003).

 

   

Valuable Out-of-home Position. Outdoor media reaches potential consumers outside of the home, which we believe is a valuable position as it is closer to the purchase decision. Today, consumers spend a significant portion of their day out-of-home, while out-of-home media garner a disproportionately smaller share of media spending than in-home media. We believe this discrepancy represents an opportunity for growth.

 

   

Compelling Value Propositions. We believe outdoor media offers compelling value propositions to advertisers by providing cost effective media advertising outlets, as measured by persons reached per dollar invested. We believe the cost effectiveness of outdoor media provides opportunity for growth.

 

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Table of Contents

Consistent, Defensible Growth Profile

Outdoor advertising has demonstrated consistent growth over the last 40 years and is generally resilient in economic downturns. Outdoor advertising revenue has grown to approximately $7 billion in 2006, representing a 10% compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, since 1970. Growth has come via traditional billboards along highways and major roadways, as well as alternative advertising including transit displays, street furniture and mall displays. The outdoor industry has experienced only two negative growth years between 1970 and 2006, with the growth rate in the two years following an economic recession averaging 13%. We expect growth to be driven by increased share of media spending and rollout of digital billboards.

Business Diversity

Our business is comprised of numerous individual operating units in local markets throughout the United States and the rest of the world. We believe we offer advertisers a diverse platform of media assets across geographies and outdoor products. We enjoy substantial diversity in our outdoor business, with no market greater than 8% and no ad category greater than 8% of our 2007 revenue. We are able to reduce revenue volatility resulting from softness in any one advertising category or geographic market because of this diversity.

Experienced Management Team and Entrepreneurial Culture

We have an experienced management team from our senior executives to our local market managers. We also maintain an entrepreneurial culture empowering local market managers to operate their markets as separate profit centers, subject to centralized oversight. A portion of our managers’ compensation is dependent upon the financial success of their individual market. Our managers also have full access to our centralized resources, including sales training, research tools, shared best practices, global procurement and financial and legal support.

Our Strategy

We seek to capitalize on our global outdoor network and diversified product mix to maximize revenue. In addition, by sharing best practices among our business segments, we believe we can quickly and effectively replicate our successes throughout the markets in which we operate. Our diversified product mix and long-standing presence in many of our existing markets provide us with the platform to launch new products and test new initiatives in a reliable and cost-effective manner.

Drive Outdoor Media Spending

Outdoor advertising only represented 3.4% of total dollars spent on advertising in the United States in 2006 as reported by Veronis Suhler Stevenson Communications Industry Forecast. Given the attractive industry fundamentals of outdoor media and our depth and breadth of relationships with both local and national advertisers, we believe we can drive outdoor advertising’s share of total media spending by highlighting the value of outdoor advertising relative to other media. We have made and continue to make investments in research tools that enable our clients to better understand how our displays can successfully reach their target audiences and promote their advertising campaigns. Also, we are working closely with clients, advertising agencies and other diversified media companies to develop more sophisticated systems that will provide improved demographic measurements of outdoor advertising. We believe that these measurement systems will further enhance the attractiveness of outdoor advertising for both existing clients and new advertisers and further foster outdoor media spending growth.

Increase Our Share of Outdoor Media Spending

We intend to continue to work toward ensuring that our customers have a superior experience by leveraging our presence in each of our markets and by increasing our focus on customer satisfaction and improved measurement systems. We believe our commitment to superior customer service, highlighted by our unique “Proof of Performance” system, and our superior products will lead to new advertisers and growth in existing advertising categories.

Digital Billboard Conversion Initiatives

Advances in electronic displays, including flat screens, LCDs and LEDs, allow us to provide these technologies as alternatives to traditional methods of outdoor advertising. These electronic displays may be linked

 

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Table of Contents

through centralized computer systems to instantaneously and simultaneously change static advertisements on a large number of displays. These capabilities will allow us to transition from selling space on a display to a single advertiser to selling time on that display to multiple advertisers. We believe this transition will create new advertising opportunities for our existing clients and will attract new advertisers, such as certain retailers that desire to change advertisements frequently and on short notice. We recently began converting a limited number of vinyl boards to networked digital boards. We believe that the costs of digital upgrades will decrease over time as technologies improve and more digital boards come to market.

Achieve Operating Efficiencies

We intend to closely manage expense growth and to continue to focus on achieving operating efficiencies throughout our businesses. Within each of our operating segments, we share best practices across our markets and continually look for innovative ways to contain costs. We will continue to seek new ways of reducing costs across our global network.

Our Business Segments

Americas

Our Americas segment consists of our operations in the United States, Canada and Latin America, with approximately 93% of our 2007 revenue in this segment derived from the United States. The Americas segment includes advertising display faces which we own or operate under lease management agreements. Americas generated 45%, 46% and 46% of our consolidated net revenue in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

Sources of Revenue

Americas’ revenue is derived from the sale of advertising copy placed on our display inventory. Our display inventory consists primarily of billboards, street furniture displays and transit displays. The margins on our billboard contracts tend to be higher than those on contracts for other displays. The following table shows the approximate percentage of revenue derived from each category for our Americas advertising inventory:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Billboards

      

Bulletins (1)

   52 %   52 %   54 %

Posters

   16 %   18 %   19 %

Street furniture displays

   4 %   4 %   4 %

Transit displays

   16 %   14 %   11 %

Other displays (2)

   12 %   12 %   12 %
                  

Total

   100 %   100 %   100 %
                  

 

(1) Includes digital displays.
(2) Includes spectaculars, mall displays and wallscapes.

Our Americas segment generates revenues from local, regional and national sales. Our advertising rates are based on a number of different factors including location, competition, size of display, illumination, market and gross rating points. Gross ratings points is the total number of impressions delivered, expressed as a percentage of a market population, of a display or group of displays. The number of impressions delivered by a display is measured by the number of people passing the site during a defined period of time and, in some International markets, is weighted to account for such factors as illumination, proximity to other displays and the speed and viewing angle of approaching traffic. For all of our billboards in the United States, we use independent, third-party auditing companies to verify the number of impressions delivered by a display. “Reach’’ is the percent of a target audience exposed to an advertising message at least once during a specified period of time, typically during a period of four weeks. “Frequency” is the average number of exposures an individual has to an advertising message during a specified period of time. Out-of-home frequency is typically measured over a four-week period.

 

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Table of Contents

While location, price and availability of displays are important competitive factors, we believe that providing quality customer service and establishing strong client relationships are also critical components of sales. In addition, we have long-standing relationships with a diversified group of local, regional and national advertising brands and agencies across the Americas.

Billboards

Our billboard inventory primarily includes bulletins and posters.

Bulletins. Bulletins vary in size, with the most common size being 14 feet high by 48 feet wide. Almost all of the advertising copy displayed on bulletins is computer printed on vinyl and transported to the bulletin where it is secured to the display surface. Because of their greater size and impact, we typically receive our highest rates for bulletins. Bulletins generally are located along major expressways, primary commuting routes and main intersections that are highly visible and heavily trafficked. Our clients may contract for individual bulletins or a network of bulletins, meaning the clients’ advertisements are rotated among bulletins to increase the reach of the campaign. Our client contracts for bulletins generally have terms ranging from one month to one year.

Posters. Posters are available in two sizes, 30-sheet and 8-sheet displays. The 30-sheet posters are approximately 11 feet high by 23 feet wide, and the 8-sheet posters are approximately 5 feet high by 11 feet wide. Advertising copy for posters is printed using silk-screen or lithographic processes to transfer the designs onto paper that is then transported and secured to the poster surfaces. Posters generally are located in commercial areas on primary and secondary routes near point-of-purchase locations, facilitating advertising campaigns with greater demographic targeting than those displayed on bulletins. Our poster rates typically are less than our bulletin rates, and our client contracts for posters generally have terms ranging from four weeks to one year. Two types of posters are premiere panels and squares. Premiere displays are innovative hybrids between bulletins and posters that we developed to provide our clients with an alternative for their targeted marketing campaigns. The premiere displays utilize one or more poster panels, but with vinyl advertising stretched over the panels similar to bulletins. Our intent is to combine the creative impact of bulletins with the additional reach and frequency of posters.

Street Furniture Displays

Our street furniture displays, marketed under our global Adshel™ brand, are advertising surfaces on bus shelters, information kiosks, public toilets, freestanding units and other public structures, and are primarily located in major metropolitan cities and along major commuting routes. Generally, we own the street furniture structures and are responsible for their construction and maintenance. Contracts for the right to place our street furniture displays in the public domain and sell advertising space on them are awarded by municipal and transit authorities in competitive bidding processes governed by local law. Generally, these contracts have terms ranging from 10 to 20 years. As compensation for the right to sell advertising space on our street furniture structures, we pay the municipality or transit authority a fee or revenue share that is either a fixed amount or a percentage of the revenue derived from the street furniture displays. Typically, these revenue sharing arrangements include payments by us of minimum guaranteed amounts. Client contracts for street furniture displays typically have terms ranging from four weeks to one year, and, similar to billboards, may be for network packages.

Transit Displays

Our transit displays are advertising surfaces on various types of vehicles or within transit systems, including on the interior and exterior sides of buses, trains, trams and taxis, and within the common areas of rail stations and airports. Similar to street furniture, contracts for the right to place our displays on such vehicles or within such transit systems and to sell advertising space on them generally are awarded by public transit authorities in competitive bidding processes or are negotiated with private transit operators. These contracts typically have terms of up to five years. Our client contracts for transit displays generally have terms ranging from four weeks to one year.

 

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Table of Contents

Other Inventory

The balance of our display inventory consists of spectaculars, mall displays and wallscapes. Spectaculars are customized display structures that often incorporate video, multidimensional lettering and figures, mechanical devices and moving parts and other embellishments to create special effects. The majority of our spectaculars are located in Dundas Square in Toronto, Times Square and Penn Plaza in New York City, Fashion Show in Las Vegas, Sunset Strip in Los Angeles and across from the Target Center in Minneapolis. Client contracts for spectaculars typically have terms of one year or longer. We also own displays located within the common areas of malls on which our clients run advertising campaigns for periods ranging from four weeks to one year. Contracts with mall operators grant us the exclusive right to place our displays within the common areas and sell advertising on those displays. Our contracts with mall operators generally have terms ranging from five to ten years. Client contracts for mall displays typically have terms ranging from six to eight weeks. A wallscape is a display that drapes over or is suspended from the sides of buildings or other structures. Generally, wallscapes are located in high-profile areas where other types of outdoor advertising displays are limited or unavailable. Clients typically contract for individual wallscapes for extended terms.

Competition

The outdoor advertising industry in the Americas is fragmented, consisting of several larger companies involved in outdoor advertising, such as CBS and Lamar Advertising Company, as well as numerous smaller and local companies operating a limited number of display faces in a single or a few local markets. We also compete with other advertising media in our respective markets, including broadcast and cable television, radio, print media, the Internet and direct mail.

 

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Table of Contents

Advertising Inventory and Markets

As of December 31, 2007, we owned or operated approximately 209,000 displays in our Americas segment. The following table sets forth certain selected information with regard to our Americas advertising inventory, with our markets listed in order of their designated market area (“DMA® ”) region ranking (DMA® is a registered trademark of Nielsen Media Research, Inc.):

 

DMA®

Region

Rank

  

Markets

   Billboards    Street
Furniture
Displays
   Transit
Displays
  Other
Displays(1)
   Total
Displays
                
      Bulletins    Posters           
  

United States

                
1   

New York, NY

   ·    ·    ·    ·   ·    16,936
2   

Los Angeles, CA

   ·    ·    ·    ·   ·    11,583
3   

Chicago, IL

   ·    ·    ·    ·   ·    15,293
4   

Philadelphia, PA

   ·    ·    ·    ·   ·    6,618
5   

Dallas-Ft. Worth, TX

   ·    ·    ·    ·   ·    9,981
6   

San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA

   ·    ·    ·    ·   ·    8,971
7   

Boston, MA (Manchester, NH)

   ·    ·    ·    ·   ·    7,219
8   

Atlanta, GA

   ·    ·       ·   ·    3,091
9   

Washington, DC (Hagerstown, MD)

   ·    ·    ·    ·   ·    3,403
10   

Houston, TX

   ·    ·           ·(2)   ·    4,542
11   

Detroit, MI

   ·          ·   ·    606
12   

Phoenix, AZ

   ·    ·       ·   ·    2,155
13   

Tampa-St. Petersburg (Sarasota), FL

   ·    ·    ·    ·   ·    2,428
14   

Seattle-Tacoma, WA

   ·    ·       ·   ·    11,092
15   

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN

   ·    ·       ·   ·    2,552
16   

Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, FL

   ·    ·    ·    ·   ·    4,003
17   

Cleveland-Akron (Canton), OH

   ·    ·       ·   ·    3,484
18   

Denver, CO

            ·   ·    861
19   

Orlando-Daytona Beach-Melbourne, FL

   ·    ·       ·   ·    4,166
20   

Sacramento-Stockton-Modesto, CA

   ·    ·    ·    ·   ·    1,509
21   

St. Louis, MO

            ·   ·    279
22   

Pittsburgh, PA

         ·        ·(2)   ·    674
23   

Portland, OR

   ·    ·       ·   ·    1,417
24   

Baltimore, MD

   ·    ·    ·    ·   ·    2,533
25   

Charlotte, NC

              ·    12
26   

Indianapolis, IN

   ·    ·       ·   ·    1,871
27   

San Diego, CA

   ·    ·       ·   ·    871
28   

Raleigh-Durham (Fayetteville), NC

            ·      449
29   

Hartford-New Haven, CT

                ·(2)   ·    374
30   

Nashville, TN

   ·          ·   ·    652
31   

Kansas City, KS/MO

                ·(2)      324
32   

Columbus, OH

   ·    ·       ·   ·    1,525
33   

Cincinnati, OH

      ·         ·    12
34   

Milwaukee, WI

   ·    ·    ·    ·   ·    5,838
35   

Salt Lake City, UT

            ·   ·    66
36   

Greenville-Spartanburg, SC- Asheville, NC-Anderson, SC

      ·       ·      88

 

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Table of Contents

DMA®

Region

Rank

  

Markets

   Billboards    Street
Furniture
Displays
   Transit
Displays
  Other
Displays(1)
  Total
Displays
      Bulletins    Posters          
37    San Antonio, TX    ·    ·       ·(2)   ·   3,799
38    West Palm Beach-Ft. Pierce, FL    ·    ·       ·   ·   782
39    Grand Rapids-Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, MI             ·     100
41    Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, PA             ·   ·   171
42    Norfolk-Portsmouth-Newport News, VA    ·    ·       ·   ·   470
43    Las Vegas, NV    ·    ·    ·    ·   ·   13,362
44    Albuquerque-Santa Fe, NM    ·    ·       ·     1,420
45    Oklahoma City, OK    ·              3
46    Greensboro-High Point-Winston Salem, NC             ·     999
47    Memphis, TN    ·    ·    ·    ·   ·   2,305
48    Louisville, KY             ·   ·   134
49    Jacksonville, FL    ·    ·       ·   ·   991
50    Buffalo, NY             ·     483
51-100    Various U.S. Cities    ·    ·           ·(2)   ·   12,925
101-150    Various U.S. Cities    ·    ·    ·    ·       ·(2)   5,491
151+    Various U.S. Cities    ·    ·       ·   ·   2,458
   Non-U.S. Markets                
n/a    Aruba             ·     213
n/a    Australia             ·     810
n/a    Barbados             ·     61
n/a    Bahamas             ·     194
n/a    Belize             ·     155
n/a    Brazil    ·    ·    ·        7,089
n/a    Canada          ·    ·   ·   4,314
n/a    Chile    ·    ·           1,166
n/a    Costa Rica             ·     210
n/a    Dominican Republic             ·     285
n/a    Grenada             ·     155
n/a    Guam             ·     144
n/a    Jamaica             ·     213
n/a    Mexico          ·      ·   5,016
n/a    Netherlands Antilles             ·     1,019
n/a    New Zealand             ·     1,392
n/a    Peru    ·    ·    ·    ·   ·   2,860
n/a    Saint Kitts and Nevis             ·     144
n/a    Saint Lucia             ·     100
n/a    Virgin Islands             ·     260
                    
            Total Americas Displays   209,171
                    

 

(1) Includes wallscapes, spectaculars, mall and digital displays. Our inventory includes other small displays not in the table since their contribution to our revenue is not material.
(2) We have access to additional displays through arrangements with local advertising and other companies.

 

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Production

In a majority of our markets, our local production staff performs the full range of activities required to create and install advertising copy. Production work includes creating the advertising copy design and layout, coordinating its printing and installing the copy on displays. We provide creative services to smaller advertisers and to advertisers not represented by advertising agencies. National advertisers often use preprinted designs that require only installation. Our creative and production personnel typically develop new designs or adopt copy from other media for use on our inventory. Our creative staff also can assist in the development of marketing presentations, demonstrations and strategies to attract new clients.

Client Categories

In 2007, the top five client categories in our Americas segment, based on Americas revenue derived from these categories, were telecommunications, retail, automotive, banking and financial services, and amusements.

Construction and Operation

We typically own the physical structures on which our clients’ advertising copy is displayed. We build some of the structures at our billboard fabrication business in Illinois and erect them on sites we either lease or own or for which we have acquired permanent easements. The site lease terms generally range from 1 to 50 years. In addition to the site lease, we must obtain a permit to build the sign. Permits are typically issued in perpetuity by the state or local government and typically are transferable or renewable for a minimal, or no, fee. Bulletin and poster advertising copy is either printed with computer generated graphics on a single sheet of vinyl or placed on lithographed or silk-screened paper sheets supplied by the advertiser. These advertisements are then transported to the site and in the case of vinyl wrapped around the face, and in the case of paper pasted and applied like wallpaper. The operational process also includes conducting visual inspections of the inventory for display defects and taking the necessary corrective action within a reasonable period of time.

International

Our International segment consists of our advertising operations in Africa, Asia, Australia and Europe, with approximately half of our 2007 revenue in this segment derived from France and the United Kingdom. Subsequent to December 31, 2007, we entered into an agreement to sell our operations in Africa. The International segment includes advertising display faces which we own or operate under lease management agreements. Our International segment generated 55%, 54% and 54% of our consolidated net revenue in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

Sources of Revenue

International revenue is derived from the sale of advertising copy placed on our display inventory. Our International display inventory consists primarily of billboards, street furniture displays, transit displays and other out-of-home advertising displays, such as neon displays. The following table shows the approximate percentage of revenue derived from each category of our International segment:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Billboards (1)

   39 %   41 %   44 %

Street furniture displays

   37 %   37 %   34 %

Transit displays (2)

   8 %   9 %   9 %

Other displays (3)

   16 %   13 %   13 %
                  

Total

   100 %   100 %   100 %
                  

 

(1) Includes revenue from spectaculars and neon displays.
(2) Includes small displays.
(3) Includes advertising revenue from mall displays, other small displays, and non-advertising revenue from sales of street furniture equipment, cleaning and maintenance services and production revenue.

 

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Our International segment generates revenues worldwide from local, regional and national sales. Similar to the Americas, advertising rates generally are based on the gross rating points of a display or group of displays. The number of impressions delivered by a display, in some countries, is weighted to account for such factors as illumination, proximity to other displays and the speed and viewing angle of approaching traffic.

While location, price and availability of displays are important competitive factors, we believe that providing quality customer service and establishing strong client relationships are also critical components of sales. In addition, we have long-standing relationships with a diversified group of advertising brands and agencies worldwide.

Billboards

The sizes of our International billboards are not standardized. The billboards vary in both format and size across our networks, with the majority of our International billboards being similar in size to our posters used in our Americas business (30-sheet and 8-sheet displays). Our International billboards are sold to clients as network packages with contract terms typically ranging from one to two weeks. Long-term client contracts are also available and typically have terms of up to one year. We lease the majority of our billboard sites from private landowners. Billboards include our spectacular and neon displays. DEFI, our International neon subsidiary, is a global provider of neon signs with approximately 400 displays in more than 15 countries worldwide. Client contracts for International neon displays typically have terms of approximately five years.

Street Furniture Displays

Our International street furniture displays are substantially similar to their Americas street furniture counterparts, and include bus shelters, freestanding units, public toilets, various types of kiosks and benches. Internationally, contracts with municipal and transit authorities for the right to place our street furniture in the public domain and sell advertising on such street furniture typically provide for terms ranging from 10 to 15 years. The major difference between our International and Americas street furniture businesses is in the nature of the municipal contracts. In our International business, these contracts typically require us to provide the municipality with a broader range of urban amenities such as public wastebaskets and lampposts, as well as space for the municipality to display maps or other public information. In exchange for providing such urban amenities and display space, we are authorized to sell advertising space on certain sections of the structures we erect in the public domain. Our International street furniture is typically sold to clients as network packages, with contract terms ranging from one to two weeks. Long-term client contracts are also available and typically have terms of up to one year.

Transit Displays

Our International transit display contracts are substantially similar to their Americas transit display counterparts, and typically require us to make only a minimal initial investment and few ongoing maintenance expenditures. Contracts with public transit authorities or private transit operators typically have terms ranging from three to seven years. Our client contracts for transit displays generally have terms ranging from one week to one year, or longer.

Other International Inventory and Services

The balance of our revenue from our International segment consists primarily of advertising revenue from mall displays, other small displays and non-advertising revenue from sales of street furniture equipment, cleaning and maintenance services and production revenue. Internationally, our contracts with mall operators generally have terms ranging from five to ten years and client contracts for mall displays generally have terms ranging from one to two weeks, but are available for up to six-month periods. Our International inventory includes other small displays that are counted as separate displays since they form a substantial part of our network and International revenue. Several of our International markets sell equipment or provide cleaning and maintenance services as part of a billboard or street furniture contract with a municipality. Production revenue relates to the production of advertising posters, usually for small customers.

 

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Competition

The International outdoor advertising industry is fragmented, consisting of several larger companies involved in outdoor advertising, such as CBS and JC Decaux, as well as numerous smaller and local companies operating a limited number of display faces in a single or a few local markets. We also compete with other advertising media in our respective markets, including broadcast and cable television, radio, print media, the Internet and direct mail.

Advertising Inventory and Markets

As of December 31, 2007, we owned or operated approximately 687,000 displays in our International segment. The following table sets forth certain selected information with regard to our International advertising inventory, which are listed in descending order according to 2007 revenue contribution:

 

International Markets

   Billboards(1)    Street
Furniture
Displays
   Transit
Displays(2)
   Other
Displays(3)
   Total
Displays

France

   ·    ·    ·    ·    162,386

United Kingdom

   ·    ·    ·    ·    69,418

Italy

   ·    ·          57,533

China

   ·    ·    ·    ·    62,573

Spain

   ·    ·    ·    ·    34,474

Australia/New Zealand

      ·    ·       16,958

Sweden

   ·    ·    ·    ·    111,479

Switzerland

   ·       ·    ·    17,663

Belgium

   ·    ·    ·    ·    23,486

Norway

   ·    ·    ·       18,357

Ireland

   ·    ·          7,581

Denmark

   ·    ·    ·    ·    33,986

Turkey

   ·    ·    ·    ·    10,439

India

   ·    ·    ·       695

Finland

   ·    ·    ·    ·    23,031

Poland

   ·    ·       ·    13,204

Holland

   ·    ·          3,326

Baltic States/Russia

   ·       ·       16,135

Greece

         ·    ·    1,219

Singapore

      ·          3,847

Japan

      ·          53

Germany

   ·             53

Hungary

   ·             30

Austria

   ·             13

United Arab Emirates

   ·             1

Czech Republic

   ·             7

Ukraine

   ·             2

Indonesia

   ·             1

Portugal

   ·             15

Slovenia

   ·             1
                
      Total International Displays    687,966
                

 

(1) Includes spectaculars and neon displays.
(2) Includes small displays.
(3) Includes mall displays and other small displays counted as separate displays in the table since they form a substantial part of our network and International revenue.

 

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Equity Investments

In addition to the displays listed above, as of December 31, 2007, we had equity investments in various out-of-home advertising companies that operate in the following markets:

 

Market

  

Company

   Equity
Investment
    Billboards(1)    Street
Furniture
Displays
   Transit
Displays

Outdoor Advertising Companies

          
South Africa (2)   

Clear Channel Independent

   50.0 %   ·    ·    ·
Italy   

Alessi

   34.3 %   ·    ·    ·
Italy   

AD Moving SpA

   17.5 %   ·       ·
Hong Kong   

Buspak

   50.0 %   ·       ·
Spain   

Clear Channel CEMUSA

   50.0 %   ·      
Thailand   

Master & More

   32.5 %   ·    ·   
Belgium   

MTB

   49.0 %         ·
Belgium   

Streep

   25.0 %         ·
Denmark   

City Reklame

   45.0 %   ·      
Other Media Companies           
Norway   

CAPA

   50.0 %        

 

(1) Includes spectaculars and neon displays.
(2) Clear Channel Independent is headquartered and has the majority of its operations in South Africa, but also operates in other African countries such as Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. On January 17, 2008, we entered into an agreement to sell our investment in Clear Channel Independent. The closing of the transaction is subject to regulatory approval and other customary closing conditions.

Production

The majority of our International clients are advertisers targeting national audiences whose business generally is placed with us through advertising agencies. These agencies often provide our International clients creative services to design and produce both the advertising copy and the physical printed advertisement. Advertising copy, both paper and vinyl, is shipped to centralized warehouses operated by us. The copy is then sorted and delivered to sites where it is installed on our displays.

Client Categories

In 2007, the top five client categories in our International segment, based on International revenue derived from these categories, were food and food products, retail, telecommunications, automotive and entertainment.

Construction and Operation

The International manufacturing process largely consists of two elements: the manufacture and installation of advertising structures and the weekly preparation of advertising posters for distribution throughout our networks. Generally, we outsource the manufacturing of advertising structures to third parties and regularly seek competitive bids. We use a wide range of suppliers, located in each of our markets. The design of street furniture structures (such as bus shelters, bicycle racks, kiosks and public toilets) is typically done in conjunction with a third party design or architectural firm. These street furniture designs then form the basis of a competitive bidding process to select a manufacturer. Our street furniture sites are posted by our own employees or subcontractors who also clean and maintain the sites. The decision to use our own employees or subcontractors is made on a market-by-market basis taking into consideration the mix of products in the market and local labor costs.

 

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Employees

As of February 13, 2008, we had approximately 2,400 United States employees and approximately 5,500 non-United States employees, of which approximately 160 were employed in corporate activities. Approximately 300 of our United States employees and approximately 220 of our non-United States employees are subject to collective bargaining agreements in their respective countries. There are numerous collective bargaining agreements, none of which represent a significant number of employees. We believe that our relationship with our employees is good.

Regulation of our Business

The outdoor advertising industry in the United States is subject to governmental regulation at the federal, state and local levels. These regulations may include, among others, restrictions on the construction, repair, maintenance, lighting, upgrading, height, size, spacing and location of and, in some instances, content of advertising copy being displayed on outdoor advertising structures. In addition, the outdoor advertising industry outside of the United States is subject to certain foreign governmental regulation.

Domestically, in recent years, outdoor advertising has become the subject of targeted state and municipal taxes and fees. These laws may affect prevailing competitive conditions in our markets in a variety of ways. Such laws may reduce our expansion opportunities, or may increase or reduce competitive pressure from other members of the outdoor advertising industry. No assurance can be given that existing or future laws or regulations, and the enforcement thereof, will not materially and adversely affect the outdoor advertising industry. However, we contest laws and regulations that we believe unlawfully restrict our constitutional or other legal rights and may adversely impact the growth of our outdoor advertising business.

Federal law, principally the Highway Beautification Act, or HBA, regulates outdoor advertising on Federal-Aid Primary and Interstate and National Highway Systems roads within the United States (“controlled roads”). The HBA regulates the size and placement of billboards, requires the development of state standards, mandates a state’s compliance program, promotes the expeditious removal of illegal signs and requires just compensation for takings.

To satisfy the HBA’s requirements, all states have passed billboard control statutes and regulations which regulate, among other things, construction, repair, maintenance, lighting, height, size, spacing and the placement of outdoor advertising structures. We are not aware of any state which has passed control statutes and regulations less restrictive than the prevailing federal requirements, including the requirement that an owner remove any non-grandfathered non-compliant signs along the controlled roads, at the owner’s expense and without compensation. Local governments generally also include billboard control as part of their zoning laws and building codes regulating those items described above and include similar provisions regarding the removal of non-grandfathered structures that do not comply with certain of the local requirements.

As part of their billboard control laws, state and local governments regulate the construction of new signs. Some jurisdictions prohibit new construction, some jurisdictions allow new construction only to replace existing structures and some jurisdictions allow new construction subject to the various restrictions discussed above. In certain jurisdictions, restrictive regulations also limit our ability to relocate, rebuild, repair, maintain, upgrade, modify, or replace existing legal non-conforming billboards.

Federal law neither requires nor prohibits the removal of existing lawful billboards, but it does mandate the payment of compensation if a state or political subdivision compels the removal of a lawful billboard along the controlled roads. In the past, state governments have purchased and removed existing lawful billboards for beautification purposes using federal funding for transportation enhancement programs, and these jurisdictions may continue to do so in the future. From time to time, state and local government authorities use the power of eminent domain and amortization to remove billboards. Thus far, we have been able to obtain satisfactory compensation for our billboards purchased or removed as a result of these types of governmental action, although there is no assurance that this will continue to be the case in the future.

 

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Other important outdoor advertising regulations include the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (currently known as SAFETEA-LU), the Bonus Act/Bonus Program, the 1995 Scenic Byways Amendment and various increases or implementations of property taxes, billboard taxes and permit fees. From time to time, legislation has been introduced in both the United States and foreign jurisdictions attempting to impose taxes on revenue from outdoor advertising. Several state and local jurisdictions have already imposed such taxes as a percentage of our outdoor advertising revenue in that jurisdiction. While these taxes have not had a material impact on our business and financial results to date, we expect state and local governments to continue to try to impose such taxes as a way of increasing revenue.

We have introduced and intend to expand the deployment of digital billboards that display static digital advertising copy from various advertisers that change up to several times per minute. We have encountered some existing regulations that restrict or prohibit these types of digital displays, but these regulations have not yet materially impacted our digital deployment. However, since digital technology for changing static copy has only recently been developed and introduced into the market on a large scale, existing regulations that currently do not apply to digital technology by their terms could be revised to impose greater restrictions. These regulations may impose greater restrictions on digital billboards due to alleged concerns over aesthetics or driver safety.

International regulation of the outdoor advertising industry varies by region and country, but generally limits the size, placement, nature and density of out-of-home displays. The significant international regulations include the Law of December 29, 1979 in France, the Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements) Regulations 1992 in the United Kingdom and Règlement Régional Urbain de l’agglomération bruxelloise in Belgium. These laws define issues such as the extent to which advertisements can be erected in rural areas, the hours during which illuminated signs may be lit and whether the consent of local authorities is required to place a sign in certain communities. Other regulations may limit the subject matter and language of out-of-home displays.

NYSE Matters

The certifications of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer required under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act have been filed as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 to this report. Additionally, in 2007 our Chief Executive Officer submitted a Section 303A.12(a) CEO Certification to the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) certifying that he was not aware of any violation by Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings of the NYSE’s corporate governance listing standards.

 

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 ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

Risks Related to Our Business

Government regulation of outdoor advertising may restrict our outdoor advertising operations.

United States federal, state and local regulations have a significant impact on the outdoor advertising industry and our business. One of the seminal laws was the HBA, which regulates outdoor advertising on the 306,000 miles of Federal-Aid Primary, Interstate and National Highway Systems (controlled roads). The HBA regulates the size and location of billboards, mandates a state compliance program, requires the development of state standards, promotes the expeditious removal of illegal signs, and requires just compensation for takings. Construction, repair, maintenance, lighting, upgrading, height, size, spacing and the location of billboards and the use of new technologies for changing displays, such as digital displays, are regulated by federal, state and local governments. From time to time, states and municipalities have prohibited or significantly limited the construction of new outdoor advertising structures, and also permitted non-conforming structures to be rebuilt by third parties. Changes in laws and regulations affecting outdoor advertising at any level of government, including laws of the foreign jurisdictions in which we operate, could have a significant financial impact on us by requiring us to make significant expenditures or otherwise limiting or restricting some of our operations.

From time to time, certain state and local governments and third parties have attempted to force the removal of our displays under various state and local laws, including condemnation and amortization. Amortization is the attempted forced removal of legal but non-conforming billboards (billboards which conformed with applicable zoning regulations when built, but which do not conform to current zoning regulations) or the commercial advertising placed on such billboards after a period of years. Pursuant to this concept, the governmental body asserts that just compensation is earned by continued operation of the billboard over time. Amortization is prohibited along all controlled roads and generally prohibited along non-controlled roads. Amortization has, however, been upheld along non-controlled roads in limited instances where provided by state and local law. Other regulations limit our ability to rebuild, replace, repair, maintain and upgrade non-conforming displays. In addition, from time to time third parties or local governments assert that we own or operate displays that either are not properly permitted or otherwise are not in strict compliance with applicable law. Although we believe that the number of our billboards that may be subject to removal based on alleged noncompliance is immaterial, from time to time we have been required to remove billboards for alleged noncompliance. Such regulations and allegations have not had a material impact on our results of operations to date, but if we are increasingly unable to resolve such allegations or obtain acceptable arrangements in circumstances in which our displays are subject to removal, modification, or amortization, or if there occurs an increase in such regulations or their enforcement, our operating results could suffer.

A number of state and local governments have implemented or initiated legislative billboard controls, including taxes, fees and registration requirements in an effort to decrease or restrict the number of outdoor signs and/or to raise revenue. While these controls have not had a material impact on our business and financial results to date, we expect states and local governments to continue these efforts. The increased imposition of these controls and our inability to pass on the cost of these items to our clients could negatively affect our operating income.

International regulation of the outdoor advertising industry varies by region and country, but generally limits the size, placement, nature and density of out-of-home displays. Significant international regulations include the Law of December 29, 1979 in France, the Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements) Regulations 1992 in the United Kingdom, and Règlement Régional Urbain de l’agglomération Bruxelloise in Belgium. These laws define issues such as the extent to which advertisements can be erected in rural areas, the hours during which illuminated signs may be lighted and whether the consent of local authorities is required to place a sign in certain communities. Other regulations limit the subject matter and language of out-of-home displays. For instance, the United States and most European Union countries, among other nations, have banned outdoor advertisements for tobacco products. Our failure to comply with these or any future international regulations could have an adverse impact on the effectiveness of our displays or their attractiveness to clients as an advertising medium and may require us to make significant expenditures to ensure compliance. As a result, we may experience a significant impact on our operations, revenue, International client base and overall financial condition.

 

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We face intense competition in the outdoor advertising industry that may adversely affect the advertising fees we can charge, and consequently lower our operating margins and profits.

We operate in a highly competitive industry, and we may not be able to maintain or increase our current advertising and sales revenues. Our advertising properties compete for audiences and advertising revenue with other outdoor advertising companies, as well as with other media, such as radio, newspapers, magazines, television, direct mail, satellite radio and Internet based media, within their respective markets. Market shares are subject to change, which could have the effect of reducing our revenue in that market. Our competitors may develop services or advertising media that are equal or superior to those we provide or that achieve greater market acceptance and brand recognition than we achieve. It is possible that new competitors may emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share in any of our business segments. An increased level of competition for advertising dollars may lead to lower advertising rates as we attempt to retain customers or may cause us to lose customers to our competitors who offer lower rates that we are unable or unwilling to match.

Our financial performance may be adversely affected by certain variables which are not in our control.

Certain variables that could adversely affect our financial performance by, among other things, leading to decreases in overall revenue, the numbers of advertising customers, advertising fees, or profit margins include:

 

   

unfavorable shifts in population and other demographics which may cause us to lose advertising customers as people migrate to markets where we have a smaller presence, or which may cause advertisers to be willing to pay less in advertising fees if the general population shifts into a less desirable age or geographical demographic from an advertising perspective;

 

   

unfavorable fluctuations in operating costs which we may be unwilling or unable to pass through to our customers;

 

   

unfavorable changes in labor conditions which may require us to spend more to retain and attract key employees; and

 

   

changes in governmental regulations and policies and actions of federal regulatory bodies which could restrict the advertising media which we employ or restrict some or all of our customers that operate in regulated areas from using certain advertising media, or from advertising at all.

Doing business in foreign countries creates certain risks not found in doing business in the United States.

Doing business in foreign countries carries with it certain risks that are not found in doing business in the United States. The risks of doing business in foreign countries that could result in losses against which we are not insured include:

 

   

exposure to local economic conditions;

 

   

potential adverse changes in the diplomatic relations of foreign countries with the United States;

 

   

hostility from local populations;

 

   

the adverse effect of currency exchange controls;

 

   

restrictions on the withdrawal of foreign investment and earnings;

 

   

government policies against businesses owned by foreigners;

 

   

investment restrictions or requirements;

 

   

expropriations of property;

 

   

the potential instability of foreign governments;

 

   

the risk of insurrections;

 

   

risks of renegotiation or modification of existing agreements with governmental authorities;

 

   

foreign exchange restrictions;

 

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withholding and other taxes on remittances and other payments by subsidiaries; and

 

   

changes in taxation structure.

Exchange rates may cause future losses in our International operations.

Because we own assets overseas and derive revenue from our International operations, we may incur currency translation losses due to changes in the values of foreign currencies and in the value of the United States dollar. We cannot predict the effect of exchange rate fluctuations upon future operating results. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Market Risk Management — Foreign Currency Risk.”

The success of our street furniture and transit products is dependent on our obtaining key municipal concessions, which we may not be able to obtain on favorable terms.

Our street furniture and transit products businesses require us to obtain and renew contracts with municipalities and other governmental entities. Many of these contracts require us to participate in competitive bidding processes, typically have terms ranging from 3 to 20 years and have revenue share or fixed payment components. Our inability to successfully negotiate, renew or complete these contracts due to governmental demands and delay and the highly competitive bidding processes for these contracts could affect our ability to offer these products to our clients, or to offer them to our clients at rates that are competitive to other forms of advertising, without adversely affecting our net income.

Future acquisitions could pose risks.

We may acquire outdoor advertising assets and other assets or businesses we believe will assist our customers in marketing their products and services. Our acquisition strategy involves numerous risks, including:

 

   

certain of our acquisitions may prove unprofitable and fail to generate anticipated cash flows;

 

   

to successfully manage our large portfolio of outdoor advertising and other properties, we may need to:

 

  o recruit additional senior management as we cannot be assured that senior management of acquired companies will continue to work for us and, in this highly competitive labor market, we cannot be certain that any of our recruiting efforts will succeed, and

 

  o expand corporate infrastructure to facilitate the integration of our operations with those of acquired properties, because failure to do so may cause us to lose the benefits of any expansion that we decide to undertake by leading to disruptions in our ongoing businesses or by distracting our management;

 

   

entry into markets and geographic areas where we have limited or no experience;

 

   

we may encounter difficulties in the integration of operations and systems;

 

   

our management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns; and

 

   

we may lose key employees of acquired companies.

We frequently evaluate strategic opportunities both within and outside our existing lines of business. We expect from time to time to pursue additional acquisitions and may decide to dispose of certain businesses. These acquisitions or dispositions could be material.

Antitrust regulations may limit future acquisitions.

Additional acquisitions by us may require antitrust review by federal antitrust agencies and may require review by foreign antitrust agencies under the antitrust laws of foreign jurisdictions. We can give no assurances the United States Department of Justice, or DOJ, the Federal Trade Commission or foreign antitrust agencies will not seek to bar us from acquiring additional outdoor advertising properties in any market where we already have a significant position. The DOJ actively reviews proposed acquisitions of outdoor advertising properties. In addition, the antitrust laws of foreign jurisdictions will apply if we acquire international outdoor advertising properties.

 

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Environmental, health, safety and land use laws and regulations may limit or restrict some of our operations.

As the owner or operator of various real properties and facilities, we must comply with various foreign, federal, state and local environmental, health, safety and land use laws and regulations. We and our properties are subject to such laws and regulations relating to the use, storage, disposal, emission and release of hazardous and non-hazardous substances and employee health and safety as well as zoning restrictions. Historically, we have not incurred significant expenditures to comply with these laws. However, additional laws which may be passed in the future, or a finding of a violation of or liability under existing laws, could require us to make significant expenditures and otherwise limit or restrict some of our operations.

The lack of availability of potential acquisitions at reasonable prices could harm our growth strategy.

We face stiff competition from other outdoor advertising companies for acquisition opportunities. If the prices sought by sellers of these companies were to rise, we may find fewer acceptable acquisition opportunities. In addition, the purchase price of possible acquisitions could require the incurrence of additional debt or equity financing on our part. Since the terms and availability of this financing depend to a large degree upon general economic conditions and third parties over which we have no control, we can give no assurance we will obtain the needed financing or we will obtain such financing on attractive terms. In addition, our ability to obtain financing depends on a number of other factors, many of which are also beyond our control, such as interest rates and national and local business conditions. If the cost of obtaining needed financing is too high or the terms of such financing are otherwise unacceptable in relation to the acquisition opportunity we are presented with, we may decide to forgo that opportunity. Additional indebtedness could increase our leverage and make us more vulnerable to economic downturns and may limit our ability to withstand competitive pressures. Additional equity financing could result in dilution to our shareholders.

We have substantial debt obligations that could restrict our operations and impair our financial condition.

At December 31, 2007, our total indebtedness for borrowed money was $2.7 billion, approximately $2.5 billion of which is indebtedness owed to Clear Channel Communications. As of December 31, 2007, approximately $87.1 million of such total indebtedness (excluding interest) is due in 2008, $91.9 million is due in 2009, $2.5 billion is due in 2010, $2.3 million is due in 2011 and $1.0 million thereafter. We may also incur additional substantial indebtedness in the future.

Our substantial indebtedness could have adverse consequences, including:

 

   

increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic, regulatory and industry conditions;

 

   

limiting our ability to compete and our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry;

 

   

limiting our ability to borrow additional funds; and

 

   

requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing funds available for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other purposes.

If our cash flow and capital resources are insufficient to service our debt obligations, we may be forced to sell assets, seek additional equity or debt capital or restructure our debt. However, these measures might be unsuccessful or inadequate in permitting us to meet scheduled debt service obligations. We may be unable to restructure or refinance our obligations and obtain additional equity financing or sell assets on satisfactory terms or at all. As a result, inability to meet our debt obligations could cause us to default on those obligations. A default under any debt instrument could, in turn, result in defaults under other debt instruments. Any such defaults could materially impair our financial condition and liquidity.

 

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To service our debt obligations and to fund potential capital expenditures, we will require a significant amount of cash to meet our needs, which depends on many factors beyond our control.

Our ability to service our debt obligations and to fund potential capital expenditures for display construction or renovation will require a significant amount of cash, which depends on many factors beyond our control. Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our debt will also depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. This, to an extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors beyond our control.

We cannot assure our business will generate sufficient cash flow or that future borrowings will be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our debt, including our debt to Clear Channel Communications, or to fund our other liquidity needs. If our future cash flow from operations and other capital resources are insufficient to pay our obligations as they mature or to fund our liquidity needs, we may be forced to reduce or delay our business activities and capital expenditures, sell assets, obtain additional equity capital or restructure or refinance all or a portion of our debt, including the debt with Clear Channel Communications, on or before maturity. We cannot assure we will be able to refinance any of our debt, including the debt with Clear Channel Communications, on a timely basis or on satisfactory terms, if at all. In addition, the terms of our existing debt, including the debt with Clear Channel Communications, and other future debt may limit our ability to pursue any of these alternatives.

The $2.5 billion note and agreements with Clear Channel Communications impose restrictions on our ability to finance operations and capital needs, make acquisitions or engage in other business activities and requires prepayment from substantially all proceeds from debt or equity raised by us.

The $2.5 billion note and Master Agreement with Clear Channel Communications include restrictive covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to:

 

   

issue any shares of capital stock or securities convertible into capital stock;

 

   

incur additional debt;

 

   

pay dividends and make distributions;

 

   

make certain acquisitions and investments;

 

   

repurchase our stock;

 

   

create liens;

 

   

enter into transactions with affiliates;

 

   

enter into sale-leaseback transactions;

 

   

dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; and

 

   

merge or consolidate.

The existence of these restrictions could limit our ability to grow and increase our revenue or respond to competitive changes.

In addition, the note with Clear Channel Communications requires us to prepay it in full upon a change of control (as defined in the note), and, upon our issuances of equity and incurrences of debt, subject to certain exceptions, to prepay the note in the amount of net proceeds received from such events. Our failure to comply with the terms and covenants in our indebtedness could lead to a default under the terms of those documents, which would entitle Clear Channel Communications or other holders to accelerate the indebtedness and declare all amounts owed due and payable.

Additional restrictions on outdoor advertising of tobacco, alcohol and other products may further restrict the categories of clients that can advertise using our products.

Out-of-court settlements between the major United States tobacco companies and all 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and four other United States territories include a ban on the outdoor

 

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advertising of tobacco products. Other products and services may be targeted in the future, including alcohol products. Legislation regulating tobacco and alcohol advertising has also been introduced in a number of European countries in which we conduct business and could have a similar impact. Any significant reduction in alcohol-related advertising due to content-related restrictions could cause a reduction in our direct revenue from such advertisements and an increase in the available space on the existing inventory of billboards in the outdoor advertising industry.

We may be adversely affected by a general deterioration in economic conditions.

The risks associated with our businesses become more acute in periods of a slowing economy or recession, which may be accompanied by a decrease in advertising. A decline in the level of business activities of our advertisers could have an adverse effect on our revenue and profit margins. During economic slowdowns in the United States, many advertisers have reduced their advertising expenditures. The impact of slowdowns on our business is difficult to predict, but they may result in reductions in purchases of advertising. In addition, to the extent our street furniture and transit businesses rely on long-term guaranteed contracts with government entities, we may suffer losses on those contracts in times of economic slowdowns.

We may be adversely affected by the occurrence of extraordinary events, such as terrorist attacks.

The occurrence of extraordinary events, such as terrorist attacks, intentional or unintentional mass casualty incidents, or similar events may substantially decrease the use of and demand for advertising, which may decrease our revenue or expose us to substantial liability. The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, for example, caused a nationwide disruption of commercial activities. The occurrence of future terrorist attacks, military actions by the United States, contagious disease outbreaks, or similar events cannot be predicted, and their occurrence can be expected to further negatively affect the economies of the United States and other foreign countries where we do business generally, specifically the market for advertising.

Risks Related to Our Relationship with Clear Channel Communications

We have a short operating history as a publicly traded company and our historical financial information prior to the IPO is not necessarily representative of the results we would have achieved as an independent publicly traded company and may not be a reliable indicator of our future results.

The historical combined financial information prior to the IPO included in this Annual Report does not reflect the financial condition, results of operations or cash flows we would have achieved as an independent publicly traded company during the periods presented or those results we will achieve in the future. This is primarily a result of the following factors:

 

   

Our historical combined financial results reflect allocations of corporate expenses from Clear Channel Communications.

 

   

Our working capital requirements and capital for our general corporate purposes, including acquisitions and capital expenditures, historically have been satisfied as part of the corporate-wide cash management policies of Clear Channel Communications. Subsequent to the IPO, Clear Channel Communications is not required to provide us with funds to finance our working capital or other cash requirements. Without the opportunity to obtain financing from Clear Channel Communications, we may in the future need to obtain additional financing from banks, or through public offerings or private placements of debt or equity securities, strategic relationships or other arrangements. We may have a lower credit rating than Clear Channel Communications and may incur debt on terms and at interest rates that will not be as favorable as those generally enjoyed by Clear Channel Communications.

 

   

Significant changes may occur in our cost structure, management, financing and business operations as a result of our operating as a publicly traded subsidiary of Clear Channel Communications. These changes could result in increased costs associated with reduced economies of scale, stand-alone costs for services currently provided by Clear Channel Communications, the need for additional personnel to perform services currently provided by Clear Channel Communications and the legal, accounting,

 

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compliance and other costs associated with being a public company with equity securities listed on a national stock exchange. We are obligated to continue to use the services of Clear Channel Communications under the Corporate Services Agreement until such time as Clear Channel Communications owns less than 50% of the total voting power of our common stock, or longer for certain information technology services, and, in the event our Corporate Services Agreement with Clear Channel Communications terminates, we may not be able to replace the services Clear Channel Communications provides us until such time or in a timely manner or on comparable terms.

 

   

Pursuant to a cash management arrangement, substantially all of our cash generated from our domestic Americas operations is transferred daily by Clear Channel Communications into accounts where funds of ours and of Clear Channel Communications may be commingled. The amounts so held by Clear Channel Communications are evidenced in a cash management note issued by Clear Channel Communications to us. We do not have a commitment from Clear Channel Communications to advance funds to us, and we have no access to the cash transferred from our concentration account to the master account of Clear Channel Communications. If Clear Channel Communications were to become insolvent, we would be an unsecured creditor like other unsecured creditors of Clear Channel Communications and could experience a liquidity shortfall.

Because Clear Channel Communications controls substantially all the voting power of our common stock, investors will not be able to affect the outcome of any shareholder vote.

As of December 31, 2007, Clear Channel Communications owned all of our outstanding shares of Class B common stock, representing approximately 89% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Each share of our Class B common stock entitles its holder to 20 votes and each share of our Class A common stock entitles its holder to 1 vote on all matters on which shareholders are entitled to vote. As a result, Clear Channel Communications controlled approximately 99% of the total voting power of our common stock.

For so long as Clear Channel Communications continues to own shares of our common stock representing more than 50% of the total voting power of our common stock, it will have the ability to direct the election of all members of our Board of Directors and to exercise a controlling influence over our business and affairs, including any determinations with respect to mergers or other business combinations involving us, our acquisition or disposition of assets, our incurrence of indebtedness, our issuance of any additional common stock or other equity securities, our repurchase or redemption of common stock or preferred stock and our payment of dividends. Similarly, Clear Channel Communications will have the power to determine or significantly influence the outcome of matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders, including the power to prevent an acquisition or any other change in control of us. Because Clear Channel Communications’ interests as our controlling shareholder may differ from other shareholders’ interests, actions taken by Clear Channel Communications with respect to us may not be favorable to all shareholders.

We have entered into a master agreement, a corporate services agreement, a trademark license agreement and a number of other agreements with Clear Channel Communications setting forth various matters governing our relationship with Clear Channel Communications while it remains a significant shareholder in us. These agreements, along with the $2.5 billion note, govern our relationship with Clear Channel Communications and allow Clear Channel Communications to retain control over, among other things, the continued use of the trademark “Clear Channel,” the provision of corporate services to us and our ability to make certain acquisitions or to merge or consolidate or to sell all or substantially all our assets. The rights of Clear Channel Communications under these agreements may allow Clear Channel Communications to delay or prevent an acquisition of us that our other shareholders may consider favorable. We are not able to terminate these agreements or amend them in a manner we deem more favorable so long as Clear Channel Communications continues to own shares of our common stock representing more than 50% of the total voting power of our common stock.

Conflicts of interest may arise between Clear Channel Communications and us that could be resolved in a manner unfavorable to us.

Questions relating to conflicts of interest may arise between Clear Channel Communications and us in a number of areas relating to our past and ongoing relationships. Three of our directors continue to serve as directors of Clear Channel Communications. In addition, four of our executive officers continue to serve as executive officers

 

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of Clear Channel Communications. For as long as Clear Channel Communications continues to own shares of our common stock representing more than 50% of the total voting power of our common stock, it has the ability to direct the election of all the members of our Board of Directors and to exercise a controlling influence over our business and affairs.

Areas in which conflicts of interest between Clear Channel Communications and us could arise include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

   

Cross officerships, directorships and stock ownership. The ownership interests of our directors or executive officers in the common stock of Clear Channel Communications or service as a director or officer of both Clear Channel Communications and us could create, or appear to create, conflicts of interest when directors and executive officers are faced with decisions that could have different implications for the two companies. For example, these decisions could relate to (i) the nature, quality and cost of services rendered to us by Clear Channel Communications, (ii) disagreement over the desirability of a potential acquisition opportunity, (iii) employee retention or recruiting or (iv) our dividend policy.

 

   

Intercompany transactions. From time to time, Clear Channel Communications or its affiliates may enter into transactions with us or our subsidiaries or other affiliates. Although the terms of any such transactions will be established based upon negotiations between employees of Clear Channel Communications and us and, when appropriate, subject to the approval of the independent directors on our Board or a committee of disinterested directors, there can be no assurance the terms of any such transactions will be as favorable to us or our subsidiaries or affiliates as may otherwise be obtained in arm’s length negotiations.

 

   

Intercompany agreements. We have entered into certain agreements with Clear Channel Communications pursuant to which it provides us certain management, administrative, accounting, tax, legal and other services, for which we reimburse Clear Channel Communications on a cost basis. In addition, we entered into a number of intercompany agreements covering matters such as tax sharing and our responsibility for certain liabilities previously undertaken by Clear Channel Communications for certain of our businesses. Pursuant to the corporate services agreement between Clear Channel Communications and us, we are contractually obligated to utilize the services of the chief executive officer of Clear Channel Communications as our Chief Executive Officer and the chief financial officer of Clear Channel Communications as our Chief Financial Officer until Clear Channel Communications owns less than 50% of the voting power of our common stock, or we provide Clear Channel Communications with six months prior written notice of termination. The terms of these agreements were established while we were a wholly owned subsidiary of Clear Channel Communications and were not the result of arm’s length negotiations. In addition, conflicts could arise in the interpretation or any extension or renegotiation of these existing agreements.

If Clear Channel Communications engages in the same type of business we conduct or takes advantage of business opportunities that might be attractive to us, our ability to successfully operate and expand our business may be hampered.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, subject to any contractual provision to the contrary, Clear Channel Communications will have no obligation to refrain from:

 

   

engaging in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as us; or

 

   

doing business with any of our clients, customers or vendors.

In addition, the corporate opportunity policy set forth in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation addresses potential conflicts of interest between our company, on the one hand, and Clear Channel Communications and its officers and directors who are officers or directors of our company, on the other hand. The policy provides that if Clear Channel Communications acquires knowledge of a potential transaction or matter which may be a corporate opportunity for both Clear Channel Communications and us, we will have renounced our interest in the corporate opportunity. It also provides that if one of our directors or officers who is also a director or officer of Clear Channel Communications learns of a potential transaction or matter that may be a corporate

 

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opportunity for both Clear Channel Communications and us, we will have renounced our interest in the corporate opportunity, unless that opportunity is expressly offered to that person in writing solely in his or her capacity as our director or officer.

If one of our officers or directors, who also serves as a director or officer of Clear Channel Communications, learns of a potential transaction or matter that may be a corporate opportunity for both Clear Channel Communications and us, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the director or officer will have no duty to communicate or present that corporate opportunity to us and will not be liable to us or our shareholders for breach of fiduciary duty by reason of Clear Channel Communications’ actions with respect to that corporate opportunity.

This policy could result in Clear Channel Communications having rights to corporate opportunities in which both we and Clear Channel Communications have an interest.

We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange rules and, as a result, will qualify for, and intend to rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that may not provide as many protections as those afforded to shareholders of other companies.

Clear Channel Communications owns more than 50% of the total voting power of our common stock, and we are a “controlled company” under the NYSE corporate governance standards. As a controlled company, we may elect to utilize certain exemptions under the NYSE standards that free us from the obligation to comply with certain NYSE corporate governance requirements, including the requirements (i) that a majority of the Board of Directors consists of independent directors, (ii) that we have a Nominating and Governance Committee, and that such Committee be composed entirely of independent directors and governed by a written charter addressing the Committee’s purpose and responsibilities, (iii) that we have a Compensation Committee composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the Committee’s purpose and responsibilities and (iv) for an annual performance evaluation of the Compensation Committee. We intend to continue to utilize certain of these exemptions and, as a result, we may not create or maintain a Nominating and Governance Committee, and the Nominating and Governance Committee, if created, and the Compensation Committee may not consist entirely of independent directors, and our Board of Directors may not consist of a majority of independent directors. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the NYSE corporate governance requirements.

We only have the right to use the Clear Channel brand name, logo and corporate name for so long as Clear Channel Communications owns at least 50% of the total voting power of our common stock. If Clear Channel Communications’ ownership falls below such 50% threshold and we fail to establish in a timely manner a new, independently recognized brand name with a strong reputation, our revenue and profitability could decline.

Our corporate name is “Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc.,” and we and our subsidiaries currently use the Clear Channel brand name and logo in marketing our products and services. Pursuant to a trademark license agreement, Clear Channel Communications grants us the right to use the “Clear Channel” mark and logo in connection with our products and services and the right to use “Clear Channel” in our corporate name and the corporate names of our subsidiaries until 12 months after the date on which Clear Channel Communications owns less than 50% of the total voting power of our common stock. In the event our right to use the Clear Channel brand name and logo and corporate name expires, we will be required to conduct our business under a new brand name, which may not be immediately recognized by our clients and suppliers or by potential employees we are trying to recruit. We will need to expend significant time, effort and resources to establish a new brand name in the marketplace. We cannot guarantee this effort will ultimately be successful. If our effort to establish a new brand identity is unsuccessful, our business, financial condition and results of operations may suffer.

 

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Any future separation from Clear Channel Communications could adversely affect our business and profitability due to Clear Channel Communications’ strong brand and reputation.

As a subsidiary of Clear Channel Communications, our businesses marketed many of their products and services using the “Clear Channel” brand name and logo, and we believe the association with Clear Channel Communications has provided many benefits, including:

 

   

a world-class brand associated with trust, integrity and longevity;

 

   

perception of high-quality products and services;

 

   

preferred status among our clients and employees;

 

   

strong capital base and financial strength; and

 

   

established relationships with U.S. federal and state regulators and non-U.S. regulators.

Any future separation from Clear Channel Communications could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain highly qualified dedicated sales specialists for our products and services. We may be required to lower the prices of our products and services, increase our sales commissions and fees, change long-term advertising and marketing agreements and take other action to maintain our relationship with our clients, suppliers and dedicated sales specialists, all of which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Any future separation from Clear Channel Communications also could cause some of our existing clients to choose to stop doing business with us, and could cause other potential clients to decide not to purchase our products and services because we are no longer part of Clear Channel Communications.

We cannot accurately predict the effect a separation from Clear Channel Communications would have on our sales, clients or employees. The risks relating to a separation from Clear Channel Communications could materialize at various times, including:

 

   

if and when Clear Channel Communications reduces its ownership in our common stock to a level below 50% of the total voting power; and

 

   

if and when we are required to cease using the Clear Channel name and logo in our sales and marketing materials.

We will not have control over our tax decisions and could be liable for income taxes owed by Clear Channel Communications.

For so long as Clear Channel Communications continues to own at least 80% of the total voting power and value of our common stock, we and certain of our subsidiaries will be included in Clear Channel Communications’ consolidated group for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, we or one or more of our subsidiaries may be included in the combined, consolidated or unitary tax returns of Clear Channel Communications or one or more of its subsidiaries for foreign, state and local income tax purposes. Under the Tax Matters Agreement, we pay to Clear Channel Communications the amount of federal, foreign, state and local income taxes which we would be required to pay to the relevant taxing authorities if we and our subsidiaries filed combined, consolidated or unitary tax returns and were not included in the consolidated, combined or unitary tax returns of Clear Channel Communications or its subsidiaries. In addition, by virtue of its controlling ownership and the Tax Matters Agreement, Clear Channel Communications effectively controls all of our tax decisions. The Tax Matters Agreement provides that Clear Channel Communications has the sole authority to respond to and conduct all tax proceedings (including tax audits) relating to us, to file all income tax returns on our behalf and to determine the amount of our liability to (or entitlement to payment from) Clear Channel Communications under the Tax Matters Agreement. This arrangement may result in conflicts of interest between Clear Channel Communications and us. For example, under the Tax Matters Agreement, Clear Channel Communications is able to choose to contest compromise or settle any adjustment or deficiency proposed by the relevant taxing authority in a manner that may be beneficial to Clear Channel Communications and detrimental to us.

Moreover, notwithstanding the Tax Matters Agreement, federal law provides that each member of a consolidated group is liable for the group’s entire tax obligation. Thus, to the extent Clear Channel Communications or other members of the group fail to make any United States federal income tax payments required by law, we

 

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would be liable for the shortfall. Similar principles may apply for foreign, state and local income tax purposes where we file combined, consolidated or unitary returns with Clear Channel Communications or its subsidiaries for federal, foreign, state and local income tax purposes.

If Clear Channel Communications spins off our Class B common stock to its shareholders, we have agreed in the Tax Matters Agreement to indemnify Clear Channel Communications for its tax-related liabilities in certain circumstances.

If Clear Channel Communications spins off our Class B common stock to its shareholders in a distribution intended to be tax-free under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which we refer to herein as the Code, we have agreed in the Tax Matters Agreement to indemnify Clear Channel Communications and its affiliates against any and all tax-related liabilities if such a spin-off fails to qualify as a tax-free distribution (including as a result of Section 355(e) of the Code) due to actions, events or transactions relating to our stock, assets or business, or a breach of the relevant representations or covenants made by us in the Tax Matters Agreement. If neither we nor Clear Channel Communications is responsible under the Tax Matters Agreement for any such spin-off not being tax-free under Section 355 of the Code, we and Clear Channel Communications have agreed to each be responsible for 50% of the tax-related liabilities arising from the failure of such a spin-off to so qualify.

Future sales or distributions of our shares by Clear Channel Communications could depress the market price for shares of our Class A common stock.

Clear Channel Communications may sell all or part of the shares of our common stock it owns or distribute those shares to its shareholders, including pursuant to demand registration rights described in the Registration Rights Agreement. Sales or distributions by Clear Channel Communications of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market or to its shareholders could adversely affect prevailing market prices for our Class A common stock. Clear Channel Communications has advised us it currently intends to continue to hold all of our common stock it owns. However, Clear Channel Communications is not subject to any contractual obligation that would prohibit it from selling, spinning off, splitting off or otherwise disposing of any shares of our common stock. Consequently, we cannot assure you Clear Channel Communications will maintain its ownership of our common stock.

The terms of our arrangements with Clear Channel Communications may be more favorable than we will be able to obtain from an unaffiliated third party, and we may be unable to replace the services Clear Channel Communications provides us in a timely manner or on comparable terms.

We and Clear Channel Communications entered into a Corporate Services Agreement. Pursuant to the Corporate Services Agreement, Clear Channel Communications and its affiliates agree to provide us with corporate services, including treasury, payroll and other financial services, executive officer services, human resources and employee benefit services, legal services, information systems and network services and procurement and sourcing support.

We negotiated these arrangements with Clear Channel Communications in the context of a parent-subsidiary relationship. Although Clear Channel Communications is contractually obligated to provide us with services during the term of the Corporate Services Agreement, we cannot assure you these services will be sustained at the same level after the expiration of that agreement, or that we will be able to replace these services in a timely manner or on comparable terms. In addition, we cannot provide assurance that the amount we pay Clear Channel Communications for the services will be as favorable to us as that which may be available for comparable services provided by unrelated third parties. Other agreements with Clear Channel Communications also govern our relationship with Clear Channel Communications and provide for the allocation of employee benefit, tax and other liabilities and obligations attributable to our operations. The agreements also contain terms and provisions that may be more or less favorable than terms and provisions we might have obtained in arm’s length negotiations with unaffiliated third parties. If Clear Channel Communications ceases to provide services to us pursuant to those agreements, our costs of procuring those services from third parties may increase.

 

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The consummation of the merger between Clear Channel Communications and private equity funds sponsored by Bain Capital, LLC and Thomas H. Lee Partners L.P., or any deterioration in the financial condition of Clear Channel Communications, could adversely affect our access to the credit markets and increase our borrowing costs.

The consummation of the merger between Clear Channel Communications and private equity funds, or, for so long as Clear Channel Communications maintains a significant interest in us, a deterioration in the financial condition of Clear Channel Communications, could have the effect of increasing our borrowing costs or impairing our access to the capital markets because of our reliance on Clear Channel Communications for availability under its revolving credit facility. If the merger is consummated we may no longer be able to access Clear Channel Communications’ revolving credit facility, in which event we may enter into a new credit facility. We expect the interest rate associated with a new facility would be greater than the rate we currently are charged. In addition, the interest rate we pay on the $2.5 billion note is based on the weighted average cost of debt for Clear Channel Communications, which we expect to increase if the proposed merger transaction is consummated. If that cost increases, whether as a result of the consummation of the merger or a deterioration in the financial condition of Clear Channel Communications, our borrowing costs also will increase. To the extent we do not pass on our increased borrowing costs to our clients, our profitability, and potentially our ability to raise capital, could be materially affected. Also, until the first date Clear Channel Communications owns less than 50% of our voting stock, pursuant to the Master Agreement between us and Clear Channel Communications, as well as pursuant to the $2.5 billion note, Clear Channel Communications will have the ability to limit our ability to incur debt or issue equity securities, which could adversely affect our ability to meet our liquidity needs or to grow our business.

Risks Related to Our Class A Common Stock

Our stock ownership by Clear Channel Communications, provisions in our agreements with Clear Channel Communications and our corporate governance documents and Delaware law may delay or prevent an acquisition of us that our other shareholders may consider favorable, which could decrease the value of your shares of Class A common stock.

For as long as Clear Channel Communications continues to own shares of our common stock representing more than 50% of the total voting power of our common stock, it will have the ability to control decisions regarding an acquisition of us by a third party. As a controlled company, we are exempt from some of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE, including the requirement that our board of directors be comprised of a majority of independent directors. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us without the consent of our board of directors. These provisions include restrictions on the ability of our shareholders to remove directors, supermajority voting requirements for shareholders to amend our organizational documents, restrictions on a classified board of directors and limitations on action by our shareholders by written consent. Some of these provisions, such as the limitation on shareholder action by written consent, only become effective once Clear Channel Communications no longer controls us. In addition, our board of directors has the right to issue preferred stock without shareholder approval, which could be used to dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer. Delaware law also imposes certain restrictions on mergers and other business combinations between any holder of 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock. These restrictions under Delaware law do not apply to Clear Channel Communications while it retains at least 15% or more of our Class B common stock. Although we believe these provisions protect our shareholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics and thereby provide for an opportunity to receive a higher bid by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with our board of directors, these provisions apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some shareholders.

If Clear Channel Communications spins off our high vote Class B common stock to its shareholders and such shares do not convert into Class A common stock upon a sale or other transfer subsequent to such distribution, the voting rights of our Class A common stock will continue to be disproportionately lower than the voting rights of our Class B common stock.

In connection with any distribution of shares of our Class B common stock to Clear Channel Communications’ common shareholders in a spin-off, Clear Channel Communications may elect in its sole discretion whether our Class B common stock so distributed will automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock upon a transfer or sale by the recipient subsequent to the spin-off or whether the Class B common stock will continue as high vote Class B common stock after the distribution. In the event the Class B common

 

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stock does not convert into Class A common stock upon a sale or transfer subsequent to a spin-off, the voting rights of Class A common stock will continue to be disproportionately lower than the voting rights of our Class B common stock. Therefore, the holders of our Class B common stock will continue to be able to direct the election of all the members of our board of directors and exercise a controlling influence over our business and affairs.

We currently do not intend to pay dividends on our Class A common stock.

We do not expect to pay dividends on our Class A common stock in the foreseeable future. We are a holding company with no independent operations and no significant assets other than the stock of our subsidiaries. We therefore are dependent upon the receipt of dividends or other distributions from our subsidiaries to pay dividends. In addition, pursuant to the covenants on the $2.5 billion note with Clear Channel Communications, our ability to pay dividends is restricted. Accordingly, if you purchase shares in us, the price of our Class A common stock must appreciate in order to realize a gain on your investment. This appreciation may not occur.

Caution Concerning Forward Looking Statements

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. Except for the historical information, this report contains various forward-looking statements which represent our expectations or beliefs concerning future events, including the future levels of cash flow from operations. Management believes all statements expressing expectations and projections with respect to future matters, including the success of Clear Channel Communications’ Merger Agreement, our ability to negotiate contracts having more favorable terms and the availability of capital resources, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. We caution that these forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties and are subject to many variables which could impact our financial performance. These statements are made on the basis of management’s views and assumptions, as of the time the statements are made, regarding future events and business performance. There can be no assurance, however, that management’s expectations will necessarily come to pass.

A wide range of factors could materially affect future developments and performance, including:

 

   

the impact of general economic and political conditions in the United States and in other countries in which we currently do business, including those resulting from recessions, political events and acts or threats of terrorism or military conflicts;

 

   

the impact of the geopolitical environment;

 

   

our ability to integrate the operations of recently acquired companies;

 

   

shifts in population and other demographics;

 

   

industry conditions, including competition;

 

   

fluctuations in operating costs;

 

   

technological changes and innovations;

 

   

changes in labor conditions;

 

   

fluctuations in exchange rates and currency values;

 

   

capital expenditure requirements;

 

   

the outcome of pending and future litigation settlements;

 

   

legislative or regulatory requirements;

 

   

interest rates;

 

   

the effect of leverage on our financial position and earnings;

 

   

taxes;

 

   

access to capital markets; and

 

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certain other factors set forth in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

This list of factors that may affect future performance and the accuracy of forward-looking statements is illustrative, but by no means exhaustive. Accordingly, all forward-looking statements should be evaluated with the understanding of their inherent uncertainty.

 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not Applicable.

 Item 2. Properties

Our worldwide corporate headquarters are in San Antonio, Texas. The headquarters of our Americas operations are in Phoenix, Arizona, and the headquarters of our International operations are in London, England. The types of properties required to support each of our advertising branches include offices, production facilities and structure sites. A branch and production facility is generally located in an industrial or warehouse district.

We own or have acquired permanent easements for relatively few parcels of real property that serve as the sites for our outdoor displays. Our remaining outdoor display sites are leased. Our leases generally range from month-to-month to year-to-year and can be for terms of ten years or longer, and many provide for renewal options.

There is no significant concentration of displays under any one lease or subject to negotiation with any one landlord. We believe an important part of our management activity is to negotiate suitable lease renewals and extensions.

 Item 3. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Under our agreements with Clear Channel Communications, we have assumed and will indemnify Clear Channel Communications for liabilities related to our business. Other than as described below, we do not believe there is any litigation pending that would have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

We are the defendant in a lawsuit filed October 20, 1998 by Jorge Luis Cabrera, Sr., and Martha Serrano, as personal representatives of the Estate of Jorge Luis Cabrera, Jr., in the 11th Judicial Circuit in and for Miami-Dade County, Florida. The plaintiff alleged we negligently constructed, installed or maintained the electrical system in a bus shelter, which resulted in the death of Jorge Luis Cabrera, Jr. Martha Serrano settled her claims with us. On June 24, 2005, the jury rendered a verdict in favor of the plaintiff, and awarded the plaintiff $4.1 million in actual damages and $61.0 million in punitive damages. The Company filed a motion to have the punitive damages award reduced. The trial judge granted the Company’s motion. A final judgment in the amount of $4.1 million in compensatory damages and $12.3 million in punitive damages was signed on January 23, 2006. The Company has appealed the underlying judgment and the Plaintiff filed a cross-appeal. The Plaintiff seeks to reinstate the original award of punitive damages. We have insurance coverage for up to approximately $50.0 million in damages for this matter.

 Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

There were no matters submitted to a vote of security holders in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2007.

 

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PART II

 Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our Class A common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CCO.” There were 104 shareholders of record as of February 13, 2008. This figure does not include an estimate of the indeterminate number of beneficial holders whose shares may be held of record by brokerage firms and clearing agencies. The following table sets forth, for the calendar quarters indicated, the reported high and low sales price of our Class A common stock as reported on the NYSE:

 

     Common Stock
Market Price
     High    Low

2006

     

First Quarter

   $ 23.95    $ 18.49

Second Quarter

     24.20      19.31

Third Quarter

     21.26      18.66

Fourth Quarter

     28.13      19.49

2007

     

First Quarter

   $ 31.14    $ 24.91

Second Quarter

     30.12      25.95

Third Quarter

     29.24      22.81

Fourth Quarter

     28.57      23.65

See Part III, Item 12 for information regarding securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans.

Dividend Policy

To date, we have not paid dividends on our common stock and we do not anticipate paying any dividends on the shares of our common stock in the foreseeable future. Pursuant to the covenants on the $2.5 billion note with Clear Channel Communications, our ability to pay dividends is restricted. If cash dividends were to be paid on our common stock, holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock would share equally, on a per share basis, in any such cash dividend.

 Item 6. Selected Financial Data

We have prepared our consolidated and combined financial statements as if Clear Channel Outdoor had been in existence as a separate company throughout all relevant periods. The historical financial and other data prior to the IPO, which occurred on November 11, 2005, have been prepared on a combined basis from Clear Channel Communications’ consolidated financial statements using the historical results of operations and bases of the assets and liabilities of Clear Channel Communications’ Americas outdoor and International outdoor advertising businesses and give effect to allocations of expenses from Clear Channel Communications. Our historical financial data prior to the IPO may not necessarily be indicative of our future performance nor will such data reflect what our financial position and results of operations would have been had we operated as an independent publicly traded company during the periods shown.

The results of operations data, segment data and cash flow data for the years presented below were derived from our audited consolidated and combined financial statements.

You should read the information contained in this table in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and the historical audited consolidated and combined financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

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(In thousands, except per share data)    Year Ended December 31,  
     2007 (1)     2006 (2)     2005     2004     2003  

Results of Operations Data:

          

Revenue

   $ 3,281,836     $ 2,897,721     $ 2,666,078     $ 2,447,040     $ 2,174,597  

Operating expenses:

          

Direct operating expenses

     1,734,845       1,514,842       1,405,758       1,322,488       1,185,401  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     537,994       486,994       478,343       439,286       404,878  

Depreciation and amortization

     399,483       407,730       400,639       388,217       379,640  

Corporate expenses

     66,080       65,542       61,096       53,770       54,233  

Gain on disposition of assets— net

     11,824       22,846       3,488       10,791       16,669  
                                        

Operating income

     555,258       445,459       323,730       254,070       167,114  

Interest expense on debt with Clear Channel Communications

     151,363       153,500       182,667       145,653       145,648  

Interest expense

     6,518       9,083       15,687       14,177       14,201  

Equity in earnings (loss) of nonconsolidated affiliates

     4,402       7,460       9,844       (76 )     (5,142 )

Other income (expense)— net

     10,113       331       (12,291 )     (16,530 )     (21,358 )
                                        

Income (loss) before income taxes, minority interest and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     411,892       290,667       122,929       77,634       (19,235 )

Income tax (expense) benefit:

          

Current

     (111,726 )     (82,553 )     (51,173 )     (23,422 )     12,092  

Deferred

     (34,915 )     (39,527 )     5,689       (39,132 )     (23,944 )
                                        

Income tax (expense) benefit

     (146,641 )     (122,080 )     (45,484 )     (62,554 )     (11,852 )

Minority interest expense— net

     19,261       15,515       15,872       7,602       3,906  
                                        

Income (loss) before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     245,990       153,072       61,573       7,478       (34,993 )

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, net of tax of $113,173 in 2004 (3)

     —         —         —         (162,858 )     —    
                                        

Net income (loss)

   $ 245,990     $ 153,072     $ 61,573     $ (155,380 )   $ (34,993 )
                                        

Net income (loss) per common share:

          

Basic:

          

Income (loss) before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

   $ .69     $ .43     $ .19     $ .02     $ (.11 )

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     —         —         —         (.52 )     —    
                                        

Net income (loss)

   $ .69     $ .43     $ .19     $ (.50 )   $ (.11 )
                                        

Weighted average common shares

     354,838       352,155       319,890       315,000       315,000  

Diluted:

          

Income (loss) before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

   $ .69     $ .43     $ .19     $ .02     $ (.11 )

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     —         —         —         (.52 )     —    
                                        

Net income (loss)

   $ .69     $ .43     $ .19     $ (.50 )   $ (.11 )
                                        

Weighted average common shares

     355,806       352,262       319,921       315,000       315,000  

 

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(In thousands)    As of December 31,
     2007 (1)    2006 (2)    2005    2004    2003

Balance Sheet Data:

              

Current assets

   $ 1,607,107    $ 1,189,915    $ 1,050,180    $ 1,107,240    $ 958,669

Property, plant and equipment – net

     2,244,108      2,191,839      2,153,428      2,195,985      2,264,106

Total assets

     5,935,604      5,421,891      4,918,345      5,240,933      5,232,820

Current liabilities

     921,292      841,509      793,812      749,055      736,202

Long-term debt, including current maturities

     2,682,021      2,684,176      2,727,786      1,639,380      1,670,017

Shareholders’/owner’s equity

     1,982,730      1,586,378      1,209,437      2,729,653      2,760,164

 

(1) Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, or FIN 48. In accordance with the provisions of FIN 48, the effects of adoption were accounted for as a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded to the balance of retained earnings on the date of adoption. See Note J to the Company’s financial statements.
(2) Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted FASB Statement No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment. In accordance with the provisions of Statement 123(R), the Company elected to adopt the standard using the modified prospective method. See Note K to the Company’s financial statements.
(3) Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle for the year ended December 31, 2004 related to a non-cash charge recognized in accordance with the adoption of Topic D-108, Use of Residual Method to Value Acquired Assets other than Goodwill.

The Selected Financial Data should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis.

 

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 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

INTRODUCTION

Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is provided as a supplement to the audited annual financial statements and accompanying notes thereto to help provide an understanding of our financial condition, changes in our financial condition and results of our operations. The information included herein should be read in conjunction with the annual financial statements and is organized as follows:

 

   

Overview. This section provides a general description of our business, as well as other matters we believe are important in understanding our results of operations and financial condition and in anticipating future trends.

 

   

Results of operations. This section provides an analysis of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

Our discussion is presented on both a consolidated and segment basis. Our reportable operating segments are Americas and International. Approximately 93% of our 2007 Americas revenue was derived from the United States, with the balance derived primarily from Canada and Latin America. Approximately half of our 2007 International revenue was derived from France and the United Kingdom.

We manage our segments primarily focusing on operating income. Corporate expenses, gain on disposition of asset – net, interest expense, equity in earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates, other income (expense) – net, income taxes and minority interest expense – net are managed on a total company basis and are, therefore, included only in our discussion of consolidated results.

 

   

Financial condition and liquidity. This section provides a discussion of our financial condition as of December 31, 2007, as well as an analysis of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005. The discussion of our financial condition and liquidity includes summaries of (i) our primary sources of liquidity, (ii) our key debt covenants and (iii) our outstanding debt and commitments (both firm and contingent) that existed as of December 31, 2007.

 

   

Seasonality and Market risk management. These sections discuss seasonality and how we manage exposure to potential losses arising from adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.

 

   

Recent accounting pronouncements and Critical accounting estimates. These sections discuss accounting policies considered to be important to our financial condition and results of operations and which require significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in their application. In addition, all of our significant accounting policies, including our critical accounting policies, are summarized in Note A to our consolidated and combined financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

OVERVIEW

Description of Business

Our revenue is derived from selling advertising space on approximately 897,000 displays owned or operated as of December 31, 2007, consisting primarily of billboards, street furniture and transit displays. We own the majority of our advertising displays, which typically are located on sites that we either lease or own or for which we have acquired permanent easements. Our advertising contracts with clients typically outline the number of displays reserved, the duration of the advertising campaign and the unit price per display.

Our advertising rates are based on a number of different factors including location, competition, size of display, illumination, market and gross rating points. Gross ratings points is the total number of impressions delivered by a display or group of displays, expressed as a percentage of a market population. The number of impressions delivered by a display is measured by the number of people passing the site during a defined period of time and, in some International markets, is weighted to account for such factors as illumination, proximity to other

 

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displays and the speed and viewing angle of approaching traffic. Management typically monitors our business by reviewing the average rates, average revenue per display, or yield, occupancy and inventory levels of each of our display types by market. In addition, because a significant portion of our advertising operations are conducted in foreign markets, the largest being France and the United Kingdom, management reviews the operating results from our foreign operations on a constant dollar basis. A constant dollar basis allows for comparison of operations independent of foreign exchange movements.

The significant expenses associated with our operations include (i) direct production, maintenance and installation expenses, (ii) site lease expenses for land under our displays and (iii) revenue-sharing or minimum guaranteed amounts payable under our billboard, street furniture and transit display contracts. Our direct production, maintenance and installation expenses include costs for printing, transporting and changing the advertising copy on our displays, the related labor costs, the vinyl and paper costs and the costs for cleaning and maintaining our displays. Vinyl and paper costs vary according to the complexity of the advertising copy and the quantity of displays. Our site lease expenses include lease payments for use of the land under our displays, as well as any revenue-sharing arrangements or minimum guaranteed amounts payable we may have with the landlords. The terms of our site leases and revenue-sharing or minimum guaranteed contracts generally range from 1 to 20 years.

In our International business, market practices require us to sell billboards and street furniture as network packages with contract terms typically ranging from one to two weeks, compared to contract terms typically ranging from 4 weeks to one year in the United States. In addition, competitive bidding for street furniture and transit contracts, which constitute a larger portion of our International business, and a different regulatory environment for billboards, result in higher site lease cost in our International business compared to our Americas business. As a result, our margins are typically less in our International business than in the Americas.

Our street furniture and transit display contracts, the terms of which range from 3 to 20 years, generally require us to make upfront investments in property, plant and equipment. These contracts may also include upfront lease payments and/or minimum annual guaranteed lease payments. We can give no assurance that our cash flows from operations over the terms of these contracts will exceed the upfront and minimum required payments.

Our 2007 results of operations include a full year of the results of operations of Interspace Airport Advertising, or Interspace, and our results of operations for 2006 include a partial year of the results of operations of Interspace, which we acquired in July 2006.

Relationship with Clear Channel Communications

We became a publicly traded company on November 11, 2005, through an initial public offering, or IPO, in which we sold 10% of our common stock, or 35.0 million shares of our Class A common stock. Prior to our IPO we were an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Clear Channel Communications. Clear Channel Communications currently owns all of our outstanding shares of Class B common stock representing approximately 89% of the outstanding shares of our common stock and approximately 99% of the total voting power of our common stock.

On November 16, 2006, Clear Channel Communications agreed to be acquired by a group of equity funds sponsored by Bain Capital Partners, LLC and Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P. On September 25, 2007, Clear Channel Communications’ shareholders approved the Merger Agreement. The closing of the transaction is subject to customary closing conditions. Assuming satisfaction of the closing conditions, the parties expect to close the merger by the end of the first quarter of 2008.

There are several agreements which govern our relationship with Clear Channel Communications including the Corporate Services Agreement, Employee Matters Agreement and Tax Matters Agreement. Clear Channel Communications has the right to terminate these agreements in various circumstances. As of the date of the filing of this report, no notice of termination of any of these agreements has been received from Clear Channel Communications.

In accordance with the Master Agreement, our branch managers follow a corporate policy allowing Clear Channel Communications to use, without charge, Americas’ displays they believe would otherwise be unsold. Our

 

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sales personnel receive partial revenue credit for that usage for compensation purposes. This partial revenue credit is not included in our reported revenue. Clear Channel Communications bears the cost of producing the advertising and we bear the costs of installing and removing this advertising. In 2007, we estimated this discounted revenue would have been less than 1% of our Americas revenue.

Basis of Presentation

Our combined financial statements for the periods prior to our IPO have been derived from the financial statements and accounting records of Clear Channel Communications, principally from the statements and records representing Clear Channel Communications’ Americas and International Outdoor segments, using the historical results of operations and historical bases of assets and liabilities of our business. The consolidated and combined statements of operations include expense allocations for certain corporate functions historically provided to us by Clear Channel Communications. These allocations were made on a specifically identifiable basis or using relative percentages of headcount as compared to Clear Channel Communications’ other businesses or other methods. We and Clear Channel Communications considered these allocations to be a reflection of the utilization of services provided.

Under the Corporate Services Agreement, Clear Channel Communications allocates to us our share of costs for services provided on our behalf based on actual direct costs incurred by Clear Channel Communications or an estimate of Clear Channel Communications’ expenses incurred on our behalf. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, we recorded approximately $20.3 million, $24.3 million and $16.0 million, respectively, as a component of corporate expenses for these services.

We believe the assumptions underlying the combined financial statements prior to the IPO are reasonable. However, the combined financial statements may not necessarily reflect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows in the future or what our results of operations, financial position and cash flows would have been had we operated as a separate, stand-alone company during the periods presented.

Share-Based Payments

We adopted FAS 123(R), Share-Based Payment, on January 1, 2006, under the modified-prospective approach which requires us to recognize employee compensation cost related to our stock option grants in the same line items as cash compensation for all options granted after the date of adoption as well as for any options that were unvested at adoption. Under the modified-prospective approach, no stock option expense attributable to these options is reflected in the financial statements for years prior to adoption. The amounts recorded as share-based payments in the financial statements during 2005 relate to the expense associated with restricted stock awards. As of December 31, 2007, there was $20.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately three years.

The following table details compensation costs related to share-based payments for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006:

 

(In thousands)    Year Ended December 31,
     2007    2006

Direct operating expenses

   $ 6,951    $ 4,328

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     2,682      1,683

Corporate expenses

     538      88
             

Total share-based payments

   $ 10,171    $ 6,099
             

 

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Consolidated and Combined Results of Operations

The following table summarizes our historical results of operations:

 

(In thousands)    Year Ended December 31,     % Change  
     2007     2006     2005     2007 v.
2006
    2006 v.
2005
 

Revenue

   $ 3,281,836     $ 2,897,721     $ 2,666,078     13 %   9 %

Operating expenses:

          

Direct operating expenses

     1,734,845       1,514,842       1,405,758     15 %   8 %

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     537,994       486,994       478,343     10 %   2 %

Depreciation and amortization

     399,483       407,730       400,639     (2 %)   2 %

Corporate expenses

     66,080       65,542       61,096     1 %   7 %

Gain on disposition of assets— net

     11,824       22,846       3,488     (48 %)   555 %
                            

Operating income

     555,258       445,459       323,730     25 %   38 %

Interest expense (including interest on debt with Clear Channel Communications)

     157,881       162,583       198,354      

Equity in earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates

     4,402       7,460       9,844      

Other income (expense)— net

     10,113       331       (12,291 )    
                            

Income before income taxes and minority interest

     411,892       290,667       122,929      

Income tax (expense) benefit:

          

Current

     (111,726 )     (82,553 )     (51,173 )    

Deferred

     (34,915 )     (39,527 )     5,689      
                            

Income tax (expense) benefit

     (146,641 )     (122,080 )     (45,484 )    

Minority interest expense— net

     19,261       15,515       15,872      
                            

Net income

   $ 245,990     $ 153,072     $ 61,573      
                            

Revenue

Our revenue increased approximately $384.1 million, or 13%, during 2007 as compared to 2006. Our International revenue increased $240.4 million, including approximately $133.3 million related to movements in foreign exchange and the remainder associated with growth across inventory categories. Our Americas revenue increased $143.7 million driven by increases in bulletin, street furniture, airports and taxi display revenues as well as $32.1 million from Interspace.

Our revenue increased approximately $231.6 million, or 9%, during 2006 as compared to 2005. Our Americas segment’s revenue increased $125.0 million from an increase in revenue across our displays as well as the acquisition of Interspace which contributed approximately $30.2 million to revenue in 2006. Our International segment contributed $106.7 million, which includes approximately $44.9 million during the first six months of 2006 related to our consolidation of Clear Media Limited, a Chinese outdoor advertising company. In July 2005, we increased our investment in Clear Media to a majority controlling interest. We previously accounted for this investment as an equity method investment. Increased street furniture revenue also contributed to our International revenue growth. Our 2006 revenue increased $17.4 million due to movements in foreign exchange.

Direct Operating Expenses

Direct operating expenses increased $220.0 million for 2007 compared to 2006. International direct operating expenses increased $163.8 million principally from $88.0 million related to movements in foreign exchange. Americas direct operating expenses increased $56.2 million primarily attributable to increased site lease expenses associated with new contracts and the increase in transit revenue as well as approximately $14.9 million from Interspace.

 

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Direct operating expenses increased $109.1 million for 2006 compared to 2005. Americas direct operating expenses increased $43.8 million driven by increased site lease expenses associated with the increase in revenue and the acquisition of Interspace which contributed $13.0 million to direct operating expenses in 2006. Our International segment contributed $65.2 million, of which $18.0 million during the first six months of 2006 related to our consolidation of Clear Media and the remainder was principally due to an increase in site lease expenses. Included in our direct operating expense growth was $10.6 million from increases in foreign exchange. Share-based payments included in direct operating expenses associated with the adoption of FAS 123(R) were $4.3 million for 2006.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A)

SG&A increased $51.0 million during 2007 compared to 2006. International SG&A expenses increased $31.9 million primarily related to movements in foreign exchange. Americas SG&A expenses increased $19.1 million mostly attributable to sales expenses associated with the increase in revenue and $6.7 million from Interspace.

SG&A increased $8.7 million during 2006 compared to 2005. SG&A increased $20.6 million in our Americas segment principally related to an increase in bonus and commission expenses associated with the increase in revenue. Our International SG&A expenses declined $11.9 million primarily attributable to a $9.8 million reduction recorded in 2006 as a result of the favorable settlement of a legal proceeding, as well as $26.6 million related to restructuring our businesses in France recorded in the third quarter of 2005. Partially offsetting this decline in our International SG&A was $9.5 million from our consolidation of Clear Media. Included in our SG&A expense growth in 2006 was $3.9 million from increases in foreign exchange. Share-based payments included in SG&A associated with the adoption of FAS 123(R) were $1.7 million for 2006.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization decreased $8.2 million in 2007 as compared to 2006. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in amortization from International contracts, partially offset by an increase from Interspace and the effects of foreign exchange.

Depreciation and amortization increased $7.1 million in 2006 as compared to 2005. The increase is primarily attributable to the consolidation of Clear Media and the acquisition of Interspace, partially offset by a decrease in depreciation as a result of fewer display removals in 2006 which resulted in less accelerated depreciation.

Corporate Expenses

Corporate expenses were comparable in 2007 as compared to 2006. Corporate expenses increased $4.4 million in 2006 as compared to 2005. The increase was a result of higher performance related bonus expense and additional outside professional services primarily from costs related to the first full year as a public Company.

Clear Channel Communications provides management services to us, which include, among other things, (i) treasury, payroll and other financial related services, (ii) executive officer services, (iii) human resources and employee benefits services, (iv) legal, public affairs and related services, (v) information systems, network and related services, (vi) investment services, (vii) procurement and sourcing support services, and (viii) other general corporate services. These services are allocated to us based on actual direct costs incurred or on Clear Channel Communications’ estimate of expenses relative to a seasonally adjusted headcount. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, we recorded approximately $20.3 million, $24.3 million, and $16.0 million, respectively, as a component of corporate expenses for these services.

Gain on the Disposition of Assets — Net

The gain on disposition of assets – net of $11.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, primarily related to an $8.9 million gain from the sale of street furniture assets and land in our International segment.

 

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The gain on disposition of assets – net of $22.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, primarily related to a $13.2 million gain in our Americas segment from the exchange of assets in one of our markets for the assets of a third party located in a different market.

Interest Expense (Including Interest on Debt with Clear Channel Communications)

Interest expense decreased $4.7 million during 2007 as compared to 2006, primarily as a result of a decline in the average debt balance during the period.

Interest expense decreased $35.8 million during 2006 as compared to 2005, primarily as a result of a decrease in average debt outstanding. Prior to the IPO, we had two fixed principal and interest rate notes in place. The first note, in the original principal amount of approximately $1.4 billion, accrued interest at 10% per annum. The second note, in the original principal amount of $73.0 million, accrued interest at 9% per annum. We used all of the net proceeds from the IPO, along with our balance in the “Due from Clear Channel Communications” account, to repay a portion of the outstanding balances of the $1.4 billion and $73.0 million notes. The remaining balance of $393.7 million was recorded as a capital contribution pursuant to the Master Agreement between us and Clear Channel Communications.

If the proposed merger transaction between Clear Channel Communications and private equity funds sponsored by Bain Capital Partners, LLC and Thomas H. Lee Partners L.P. is consummated, we expect interest expense will increase.

Other Income (Expense) — Net

Other income – net of $10.1 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, relates primarily to foreign exchange gains.

Income Taxes

Our operations are included in a consolidated income tax return filed by Clear Channel Communications. However, for our financial statements, our provision for income taxes was computed on the basis that we file separate consolidated federal income tax returns with our subsidiaries.

Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2007 was 36%. The increase in current tax expense of $29.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 over 2006 was due primarily to an increase in “Income before income taxes and minority interest” of $121.2 million. Deferred tax expense decreased $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006 primarily due to additional deferred tax expense of approximately $12.8 recorded in 2006 related to the filing of an amended tax return. The amendment was mainly due to a revised tax loss on the like kind exchange of certain assets. In addition, the company recorded deferred tax expense of approximately $16.7 million in 2006 related to the uncertainty of our ability to utilize certain tax losses in the future for certain international operations. The changes noted above were partially offset by additional deferred tax expense of approximately $19.8 million recorded in 2007 as a result of tax depreciation expense related to capital expenditures in certain foreign jurisdictions.

Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2006 was 42%. The increase in current tax expense of $31.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 over 2005 was due primarily to an increase in “Income before income taxes and minority interest” of $167.7 million. This increase was partially offset by current tax benefits of approximately $20.4 million recorded in 2006 related to tax losses on the disposition of certain operating assets and the filing of an amended tax return. The amendment primarily related to a revised tax loss on the like kind exchange of certain outdoor assets. Deferred tax expense increased by $45.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 over 2005 primarily due to the tax losses on the disposition of certain operating assets and the filing of the amended tax return mentioned above. In addition, foreign deferred tax expense increased by $25.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 primarily due to (i) the reversal of deferred tax assets related to tax losses in certain foreign jurisdictions and the uncertainty of the ability to utilize those tax losses in the future and (ii) increased deferred tax benefits in 2005 due to a change in the carrying value of certain deferred tax liabilities as a result of certain local country law and tax rate changes.

 

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Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2005 was 37%. During 2005, the company recorded a current tax benefit of approximately $8.0 million due to the favorable resolution of certain tax contingencies in 2005.

Americas Results of Operations

 

(In thousands)    Year Ended December 31,    % Change  
     2007    2006    2005    2007 v.
2006
    2006 v.
2005
 

Revenue

   $ 1,485,058    $ 1,341,356    $ 1,216,382    11 %   10 %

Direct operating expenses

     590,563      534,365      490,519    11 %   9 %

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     226,448      207,326      186,749    9 %   11 %

Depreciation and amortization

     189,853      178,970      180,559    6 %   (1 %)
                         

Operating income

   $ 478,194    $ 420,695    $ 358,555    14 %   17 %
                         

2007 v. 2006

Americas’ revenue increased $143.7 million, or 11%, during 2007 as compared to 2006 with Interspace contributing approximately $32.1 million to the increase. The growth occurred across our inventory, including bulletins, street furniture, airports and taxi displays. The revenue growth was primarily driven by bulletin revenue attributable to increased rates and airport revenue which had both increased rates and occupancy. Leading advertising categories during the year were telecommunications, retail, automotive, financial services and amusements. Revenue growth occurred across our markets, led by Los Angeles, New York, Washington/Baltimore, Atlanta, Boston, Seattle and Minneapolis.

Our Americas direct operating expenses increased $56.2 million primarily from an increase of $46.6 million in site lease expenses associated with new contracts and the increase in airport, street furniture and taxi revenues. Interspace contributed $14.9 million to the increase. Our SG&A expenses increased $19.1 million primarily from bonus and commission expenses associated with the increase in revenue and from Interspace, which contributed approximately $6.7 million to the increase.

Depreciation and amortization increased $10.9 million during 2007 compared to 2006 primarily associated with $5.9 million from Interspace.

2006 v. 2005

Our Americas revenue increased 10% during 2006 as compared to 2005 from revenue growth across our inventory. We experienced rate increases on most of our inventory while occupancy remained essentially unchanged during 2006 as compared to 2005. Our airport revenue increased $44.8 million in 2006 as compared to 2005 primarily related to $30.2 million from our acquisition of Interspace in July 2006. Revenue growth occurred across both our large and small markets such as Miami, San Antonio, Sacramento, Albuquerque and Des Moines.

Direct operating expenses increased $43.8 million in 2006 as compared to 2005 primarily from an increase in site lease expenses of approximately $30.2 million as well as $3.4 million related to the adoption of FAS 123(R). Interspace contributed $13.0 million to direct operating expenses in 2006. Our SG&A expenses increased $20.6 million in 2006 over 2005 primarily from an increase in bonus and commission expenses of $7.6 million related to the increase in revenue, $6.2 million from Interspace and $1.3 million of share-based payments related to the adoption of FAS 123(R).

 

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International Results of Operations

 

(In thousands)    Year Ended December 31,    % Change  
     2007    2006    2005    2007 v.
2006
    2006 v.
2005
 

Revenue

   $ 1,796,778    $ 1,556,365    $ 1,449,696    15 %   7 %

Direct operating expenses

     1,144,282      980,477      915,239    17 %   7 %

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     311,546      279,668      291,594    11 %   (4 %)

Depreciation and amortization

     209,630      228,760      220,080    (8 %)   4 %
                         

Operating income

   $ 131,320    $ 67,460    $ 22,783    95 %   196 %
                         

2007 v. 2006

International revenue increased $240.4 million, or 15%, in 2007 as compared to 2006. Included in the increase was approximately $133.3 million related to movements in foreign exchange. Revenue growth occurred across inventory categories including billboards, street furniture and transit, driven by both increased rates and occupancy. Growth was led by increased revenues in France, Italy, Australia, Spain and China.

Our International direct operating expenses increased approximately $163.8 million in 2007 compared to 2006. Included in the increase was approximately $88.0 million related to movements in foreign exchange. The remaining increase in direct operating expenses was primarily attributable to an increase in site lease expenses associated with the increase in revenue. SG&A expenses increased $31.9 million in 2007 over 2006 from approximately $23.4 million related to movements in foreign exchange and an increase in selling expenses associated with the increase in revenue. Additionally, we recorded a $9.8 million reduction to SG&A in 2006 as a result of the favorable settlement of a legal proceeding.

Depreciation and amortization decreased $19.1 million in 2007 as compared to 2006 principally from contracts which were recorded at fair value in purchase accounting in prior years and became fully amortized at December 31, 2006.

2006 v. 2005

Revenue in our International segment increased 7% in 2006 as compared to 2005. The increase includes approximately $44.9 million during the first six months of 2006 related to our consolidation of Clear Media, which we began consolidating in July 2005. Also contributing to the increase was approximately $25.9 million from growth in street furniture revenue and $11.9 million related to movements in foreign exchange, partially offset by a decline in billboard revenue for 2006 as compared to 2005.

Direct operating expenses increased $65.2 million during 2006 as compared to 2005. The increase was primarily attributable to $18.0 million during the first six months of 2006 related to our consolidation of Clear Media, as well as an increase in site lease expenses of approximately $37.7 million and approximately $7.7 million related to movements in foreign exchange. Also included in the increase was $0.9 million related to the adoption of FAS 123(R). Our SG&A expenses declined $11.9 million primarily attributable a $9.8 million reduction recorded in 2006 as the result of a favorable settlement of a legal proceeding as well as $26.6 million related to restructuring our businesses in France recorded in the third quarter of 2005. Partially offsetting this decline was $9.5 million from our consolidation of Clear Media and $2.9 from movements in foreign exchange.

Depreciation and amortization increased $8.7 million in 2006 as compared to 2005. The increase is primarily attributable to the consolidation of Clear Media.

 

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Reconciliation of Segment Operating Income (Loss)

 

(In thousands)    Year Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Americas

   $ 478,194     $ 420,695     $ 358,555  

International

     131,320       67,460       22,783  

Corporate

     (66,080 )     (65,542 )     (61,096 )

Gain on disposition of assets – net

     11,824       22,846       3,488  
                        

Consolidated and combined operating income

   $ 555,258     $ 445,459     $ 323,730  
                        

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY

Clear Channel Communications’ Agreement and Plan of Merger

Clear Channel Communications’ capitalization, liquidity and capital resources will change substantially if their Agreement and Plan of Merger is consummated. Upon the closing of the merger, Clear Channel Communications will be highly leveraged. A deterioration in the financial condition of Clear Channel Communications could increase our borrowing costs or impair our access to the capital markets because of our reliance on Clear Channel Communications for availability under its revolving credit facility. If the merger is consummated we may no longer be able to access Clear Channel Communications’ revolving credit facility, in which event we may enter into a new credit facility. Under our Master Agreement with Clear Channel Communications and the $2.5 billion note payable to Clear Channel Communications, we are limited in our borrowing from third parties to no more than $400.0 million. We expect the interest rate associated with a new facility would be greater than the rate we currently are charged. In addition, the interest rate we pay on our $2.5 billion promissory note is based on the weighted average cost of debt for Clear Channel Communications which we expect to increase if the proposed merger transaction is consummated. If that cost increases, whether as a result of the consummation of the merger or a deterioration in the financial condition of Clear Channel Communications, our borrowing costs also will increase. To the extent we cannot pass on our increased borrowing costs to our clients, our profitability, and potentially our ability to raise capital, could be materially affected.

Also, so long as Clear Channel Communications maintains a significant interest in us, pursuant to the Master Agreement between Clear Channel Communications and us, Clear Channel Communications will have the ability to limit our ability to incur debt or issue equity securities, which could adversely affect our ability to meet our liquidity needs.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our historical cash flows:

 

(In thousands)    Year Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Cash provided by (used in):

      

Operating activities

   $ 694,430     $ 538,541     $ 510,088  

Investing activities

   $ (356,368 )   $ (489,010 )   $ (361,371 )

Financing activities

   $ (305,751 )   $ (53,165 )   $ (77,550 )

Operating Activities

2007

Net cash flow from operating activities of $694.4 million for 2007 primarily reflects net income of $246.0 million and depreciation and amortization of $399.5 million. Net cash flows from operating activities also reflects an increase of $137.3 million in accounts receivable as a result of the increase in revenue and an increase of $93.4 million in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities.

 

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2006

Net cash flow from operating activities of $538.5 million for 2006 principally reflects net income of $153.1 million and depreciation and amortization of $407.7 million. Net cash flows from operating activities also reflects an increase of $101.3 million in accounts receivable as a result of the increase in revenue and an increase of $65.4 million in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities.

2005

Net cash flow from operating activities of $510.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 principally reflects net income of $61.6 million and depreciation and amortization of $400.6 million. Net cash flows from operating activities also reflects decreases in other current assets, accounts payable and deferred income. These decreases were partially offset by increases in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and accrued income taxes.

Investing Activities

2007

Net cash used in investing activities of $356.4 million for 2007 is primarily related to capital expenditures of $275.7 million related to purchases of property, plant and equipment and $69.1 million related to acquisitions of operating assets.

2006

Net cash used in investing activities of $489.0 million for 2006 principally reflects capital expenditures of $233.9 million related to purchases of property, plant and equipment and $242.4 million related to acquisitions of operating assets.

2005

Net cash used in investing activities of $361.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 principally reflects capital expenditures of $208.2 million related to purchases of property, plant and equipment and $99.6 million related to acquisitions of operating assets.

Financing Activities

2007

Net cash used in financing activities of $305.8 million for 2007 is primarily related to the net transfer of cash to Clear Channel Communications of $302.9 million.

2006

Net cash used in financing activities of $53.2 million for 2006 principally reflects net reductions in debt of $59.7 million.

2005

Net cash used in financing activities was $77.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. Included in cash flow from financing activities are changes in the “Due from Clear Channel Communications” account which relates to cash transfers between our Americas operations and Clear Channel Communications. For the year ended December 31, 2005, we had a net transfer of cash to Clear Channel Communications of approximately $70.0 million. Also included in cash used in financing activities is the $600.6 million in proceeds received from the IPO which was used, along with the balance outstanding in the “Due from Clear Channel Communications” account, to pay off a portion of the $1.4 billion and $73.0 million intercompany notes with Clear Channel Communications.

Anticipated Cash Requirements

We expect to fund anticipated cash requirements (including payments of principal and interest on outstanding indebtedness and commitments, acquisitions and anticipated capital expenditures) for the foreseeable

 

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future with cash flows from operations, borrowing under the cash management note with Clear Channel Communications, and various externally generated funds.

LIQUIDITY

SOURCES OF CAPITAL

As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had the following debt outstanding, cash and cash equivalents and amounts due to and due from Clear Channel Communications:

 

(In millions)    Year Ended December 31,
     2007    2006

Bank credit facility

   $ 80.0    $ 23.5

Debt with Clear Channel Communications

     2,500.0      2,500.0

Other long-term debt

     102.0      160.7

Due to Clear Channel Communications

          4.2
             

Total debt

     2,682.0      2,688.4

Less: Cash and cash equivalents

     134.9      105.4

Less: Due from Clear Channel Communications

     265.4     
             
   $ 2,281.7    $ 2,583.0
             

Bank Credit Facility

In addition to net cash flows from operations, another source of liquidity is through borrowings under a $150.0 million sub-limit included in Clear Channel Communications’ five-year, multicurrency $1.75 billion revolving credit facility. Certain of our International subsidiaries may borrow under the sub-limit to the extent Clear Channel Communications has not already borrowed against this capacity and is in compliance with its covenants under the credit facility. The interest rate on outstanding balances under the credit facility is based upon LIBOR or, for Euro denominated borrowings, EURIBOR, plus, in each case, a margin. At December 31, 2007 and February 13, 2008, the outstanding balance on the sub-limit was approximately $80.0 million, and approximately $70.0 million was available for future borrowings, with the entire balance to be paid on July 12, 2009. At December 31, 2007, the interest rate on borrowings under this credit facility was 5.0%.

Debt with Clear Channel Communications

As part of the day-to-day cash management services provided by Clear Channel Communications, we maintain accounts that represent net amounts, up to a maximum of $1.0 billion, due to or from Clear Channel Communications, which is recorded as “Due from Clear Channel Communications” or “Due to Clear Channel Communications” on the consolidated balance sheets. The accounts represent the revolving promissory note issued by us to Clear Channel Communications and the revolving promissory note issued by Clear Channel Communications to us. The accounts accrue interest pursuant to the Master Agreement based upon LIBOR plus a margin and are generally payable on demand. Included in the accounts are the net activities resulting from day-to-day cash management services provided by Clear Channel Communications. As a part of these services, we maintain collection bank accounts swept daily by Clear Channel Communications. In return, Clear Channel Communications funds our controlled disbursement accounts as checks or electronic payments are presented for payment. At December 31, 2007, the balance of $265.4 million was a receivable recorded in “Due from Clear Channel Communications” on the consolidated balance sheet. At December 31, 2006, the balance of $4.2 million was a liability recorded in “Due to Clear Channel Communications” on the consolidated balance sheet. The net interest income for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $3.7 million, $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively. At December 31, 2007, the interest rate on the “Due from Clear Channel Communications” account was 2.9%.

Unlike the management of cash from our U.S. based operations, the amount of cash, if any, which is transferred from our foreign operations to Clear Channel Communications is determined on a basis mutually

 

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agreeable to us and Clear Channel Communications, and not on a pre-determined basis. In arriving at such mutual agreement, the reasonably foreseeable cash needs of our foreign operations are evaluated before a cash amount is considered as an excess or surplus amount for transfer to Clear Channel Communications.

On August 2, 2005, we distributed a note in the original principal amount of $2.5 billion to Clear Channel Communications as a dividend. This note matures on August 2, 2010 and may be prepaid in whole or in part at any time. The note accrues interest at a variable per annum rate equal to the weighted average cost of debt for Clear Channel Communications, calculated on a monthly basis. This note is mandatorily payable upon a change of control of us and, subject to certain exceptions, all proceeds from debt or equity raised by us must be used to prepay such note. At December 31, 2007, the interest rate on the $2.5 billion note was 6.0%.

Our working capital requirements and capital for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions and capital expenditures, may be provided to us by Clear Channel Communications, in its sole discretion, pursuant to a cash management note issued by us to Clear Channel Communications. Without the opportunity to obtain financing from Clear Channel Communications, we may need to obtain additional financing from banks, or through public offerings or private placements of debt, strategic relationships or other arrangements at some future date. Management currently believes we could raise the funds if needed given our credit profile. Additionally, management believes our publicly traded stock could be used as a source to raise capital through public or private placements of our equity securities.

As long as Clear Channel Communications maintains a significant interest in us, pursuant to the Master Agreement between Clear Channel Communications and us, Clear Channel Communications will have the ability to limit our ability to incur debt or issue equity securities, which could adversely affect our ability to meet our liquidity needs. In addition, the $2.5 billion note requires us to prepay it in full upon a change of control (as defined in the note), and, upon our issuances of equity and incurrence of debt, subject to certain exceptions, to prepay the note in the amount of net proceeds received from such events. Under the Master Agreement with Clear Channel Communications and the $2.5 billion note, we are limited in our borrowing from third parties to no more than $400.0 million.

Other long-term debt

Other long-term debt consists primarily of loans with international banks and other types of debt. At December 31, 2007, approximately $102.0 million was outstanding as other long-term debt.

Covenant Compliance

The $2.5 billion note requires us to comply with various negative covenants, including restrictions on the following activities: incurring consolidated funded indebtedness (as defined in the note), excluding intercompany indebtedness, in a principal amount in excess of $400.0 million at any one time outstanding; creating liens; making investments; entering into sale and leaseback transactions (as defined in the note), which when aggregated with consolidated funded indebtedness secured by liens, will not exceed an amount equal to 10% of our total consolidated shareholders’ equity (as defined in the note) as shown on our most recently reported annual audited consolidated financial statements; disposing of all or substantially all of our assets; entering into mergers and consolidations; declaring or making dividends or other distributions; repurchasing our equity; and entering into transactions with our affiliates.

In addition, the note requires us to prepay it in full upon a change of control. The note defines a change of control to occur when Clear Channel Communications ceases to control (i) directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the aggregate voting equity interests of us, our operating subsidiary or our respective successors or assigns, or (ii) the ability to elect a majority of the Board of Directors of us, our operating subsidiary or our respective successors or assigns. Upon our issuances of equity and incurrences of debt, subject to certain exceptions, we are also required to prepay the note in the amount of the net proceeds received by us from such events.

The significant covenants contained in the Clear Channel Communications $1.75 billion revolving credit facility relate to leverage and interest coverage (as defined in the credit facility). The leverage ratio covenant requires Clear Channel Communications to maintain a ratio of consolidated funded indebtedness to operating cash flow (as defined by the credit facility) of less than 5.25x. The interest coverage covenant requires Clear Channel

 

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Communications to maintain a minimum ratio of operating cash flow to interest expense (as defined by the credit facility) of 2.50x. At December 31, 2007, Clear Channel Communications’ leverage and interest coverage ratios were 3.0x and 5.1x.

There are no significant covenants or events of default contained in the cash management note issued by Clear Channel Communications to us or the cash management note issued by us to Clear Channel Communications.

At December 31, 2007, we and Clear Channel Communications were in compliance with all debt covenants.

USES OF CAPITAL

Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2007, our Americas segment paid $39.5 million in cash, primarily to acquire display faces in the United States. In addition, our International segment paid $29.6 million, primarily related to the acquisition of an outdoor advertising business in Romania, additional equity interests in outdoor companies and the acquisition of advertising structures.

Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditures have consisted of the following:

 

(In millions)    Year Ended December 31,
     2007    2006    2005

Non-revenue producing

   $ 81.4    $ 80.0    $ 78.1

Revenue producing

     194.3      153.9      130.1
                    

Total capital expenditures

   $ 275.7    $ 233.9    $ 208.2
                    

We define