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Organovo Holdings, Inc. – ‘SC TO-I/A’ on 12/4/12 re: Organovo Holdings, Inc. – EX-99.(A)(1)(B)

On:  Tuesday, 12/4/12, at 7:27pm ET   ·   As of:  12/5/12   ·   Accession #:  1193125-12-490939   ·   File #:  5-86817

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  As Of                Filer                Filing    For·On·As Docs:Size              Issuer               Agent

12/05/12  Organovo Holdings, Inc.           SC TO-I/A             10:1.8M Organovo Holdings, Inc.           RR Donnelley/FA

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: SC TO-I/A   Amendment No. 2 to Schedule to                      HTML     39K 
 2: EX-99.(A)(1)(A)  Letter to Holders of Original Warrants         HTML     15K 
 3: EX-99.(A)(1)(B)  Offer to Amend and Exercise                    HTML    889K 
 4: EX-99.(A)(1)(C)  Form of Election to Participate and Exercise   HTML     58K 
                          Warrant                                                
 5: EX-99.(A)(1)(D)  Form of Notice of Withdrawal                   HTML     14K 
 6: EX-99.(A)(1)(E)  Form of Bridge Amended Warrant                 HTML     18K 
 7: EX-99.(A)(1)(F)  Form of Investor Amended Warrant               HTML     18K 
 8: EX-99.(A)(1)(G)  Form of Private Amended Warrant                HTML     17K 
 9: EX-99.(A)(1)(H)  Supplemental Company Information               HTML    309K 
10: EX-99.(A)(1)(I)  Supplemental Letter to Holders of Original     HTML     16K 
                          Warrants                                               

Exhibit (a)(1)(B)

NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THE TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREIN; PASSED UPON THE MERITS OR FAIRNESS OF THE TRANSACTION; OR PASSED UPON THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THE DISCLOSURE IN THIS DOCUMENT. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.

OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE

WARRANTS TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK

ORGANOVO HOLDINGS, INC.

NOVEMBER 16, 2012 (as amended December 4, 2012)

THE OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE (AND ASSOCIATED WITHDRAWAL RIGHTS) WILL EXPIRE AT 5:00 P.M. (Pacific time) ON DECEMBER 17, 2012 UNLESS THIS OFFER PERIOD IS EXTENDED.

Organovo Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is referred to in this Offer to Amend and Exercise as “we,” “us,” “Organovo” or the “Company,” and eligible holders of outstanding warrants are referred to as “you.”

The Company is offering to amend, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 14,510,928 shares of common stock (the “Offer to Amend and Exercise”), including: (i) outstanding warrants to purchase 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock issued to investors participating in the Company’s bridge financing completed in November 2011 (the “Bridge Warrants”); (ii) outstanding warrants to purchase 11,653,678 shares of the Company’s common stock issued to investors participating in the Company’s private placement financings closed on February 8, 2012, February 29, 2012 and March 16, 2012 (the “Investor Warrants”); and (iii) outstanding warrants to purchase 1,357,250 shares of the Company’s common stock issued to investors in the Company’s private placement transactions completed in 2011 (the “Private Warrants” and collectively with the Bridge Warrants and the Investor Warrants, the “Original Warrants”). There is no minimum participation requirement with respect to this Offer to Amend and Exercise.

Pursuant to the Offer to Amend and Exercise, the Original Warrants will be amended (the “Amended Warrants”) to: (i) reduce the exercise price of the Original Warrants from $1.00 per share to $0.80 per share of common stock in cash, (ii) shorten the exercise period of the Original Warrants so that they expire concurrently with the expiration of the Offer to Amend and Exercise at 5:00 p.m. (Pacific Time) on December 17, 2012, as may be extended by the Company in its sole discretion (“Expiration Date”), (iii) delete the price-based anti-dilution provisions contained in the Original Warrants, (iv) restrict the ability of the holder of shares issuable upon exercise of the Amended Warrants to sell, make any short sale of, loan, grant any option for the purchase of, or otherwise dispose of any of such shares without the prior written consent of the Company for a period of twenty (20) days after the Expiration Date (the “Lock-Up Period”); and (v) provide that a holder, acting alone or with others, will agree not to effect any purchases or sales of any securities of the Company in any “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 promulgated under Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act, or any type of direct and indirect stock pledges, forward sale contracts, options, puts, calls, short sales, swaps, “put equivalent positions” (as defined in Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act) or similar arrangements, or sales or other transactions through non-U.S. broker dealers or foreign regulated brokers through the expiration of the Lock-Up Period. Other than set forth above, the terms of the Original Warrants will remain unmodified and in full force and effect.

Holders may elect to amend some or all of their Original Warrants. If you choose not to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise, your Original Warrants will remain in full force and effect, as originally issued.

The purpose of the Offer to Amend and Exercise is to encourage the amendment and exercise of the Original Warrants to help the Company reduce its outstanding warrant liability and to raise funds to support the Company’s operations by providing the holders of the Original Warrants with the opportunity to obtain and exercise an Amended Warrant by significantly reducing the exercise price of the Original Warrants. Please see Section 2 below for a description of the purposes of the Offer to Amend and Exercise.

The period during which Original Warrants may be amended and exercised on the terms described above will commence on November 16, 2012 (the date the materials relating to the Offer to Amend and Exercise are first sent to the holders, referred to herein as the “Offer Date”) through the Expiration Date (the “Offer Period”).

The Company will agree to amend all Original Warrants held by eligible holders, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Offer to Amend and Exercise and the attached Election to Participate and Exercise Warrant. IT IS THE COMPANY’S CURRENT INTENTION NOT TO CONDUCT ANOTHER OFFER DESIGNED TO INDUCE THE EARLY EXERCISE OF THE ORIGINAL WARRANTS.

IMPORTANT PROCEDURES

This Offer to Amend and Exercise together with the Election to Participate and Exercise Warrant, Notice of Withdrawal, and Forms of Amended Warrants constitute the “Offering Materials.” These Offering Materials provide information regarding the Offer to Amend and Exercise and instructions as to how you can amend and exercise your Original Warrants. An election to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise will result in both the amendment of your Original Warrant(s) and your exercise of the Amended Warrant(s). You should read all of the materials carefully before you decide whether to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise and exercise an Amended Warrant and receive the number of shares of Company common stock issuable therefor.

To participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise and exercise an Amended Warrant and receive the number of shares of Company common stock issuable therefor, you must deliver to the Company before the Expiration Date all of the following: (i) a signed copy of the Election to Participate and Exercise Warrant, (ii) a signed copy of an Accredited Investor Questionnaire, (iii) the original copy of your Original Warrant (or an Affidavit of Lost Warrant) for cancellation, and (iv) cash in the amount equal to $0.80 per share multiplied by the number of shares of common stock the holder elects to purchase (collectively, the “Acceptance and Exercise Documents”). The cash may be tendered in the form of a check payable to Organovo Holdings, Inc. or by wire transfer to the Company’s account as set forth in the Election to Participate and Exercise Warrant. Each of these items must be properly delivered, before the Expiration Date to: Organovo Holdings, Inc., 6275 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, Attn: Corporate Secretary, telephone number (858) 550-9994. If you properly tender (and do not validly withdraw) your Original Warrants and the other Acceptance and Exercise Documents on or prior to 5:00 p.m., Pacific Time on December 17, 2012, the Expiration Date of the Offer to Amend and Exercise (or such later date and time if we extend the Offer to Amend and Exercise), promptly following the Expiration Date, we intend to notify our depositary institution and our transfer agent of our acceptance of your payment of the exercise price and your other Acceptance and Exercise Documents and issue and deliver to you the number of shares of Company common stock issuable under the Amended Warrant . See Section 8 “Procedure for Participating in Offer to Amend and Exercise and Exercising Amended Warrants” below.

If you change your mind and do not want to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise, you may submit a Notice of Withdrawal to the Company at any time prior to the Expiration Date. The Notice of Withdrawal must be properly completed and must be returned to the Company on or prior to the Expiration Date. However, you may change your mind and submit a Notice of Withdrawal to us after January 16, 2013, if your Original Warrants and other Acceptance and Exercise Documents have not been accepted by us prior to January 16, 2013. If you properly withdraw in a timely manner as set forth above, we will promptly: (i) cancel your signed copy of the Election to Participate and Exercise Warrant, (ii) return the original copy of your Original Warrant (which will remain unmodified and in full force and effect), or issue you a new Original Warrant if you submitted an Affidavit of Lost Warrant, and (iii) provide you with a check equal to the amount of cash you paid to exercise the Amended Warrant.

If you have any question or need assistance, you should contact Aegis Capital Corp., the Warrant Agent (the “Warrant Agent”), for the Offer to Amend and Exercise. Aegis Capital may be reached at:

810 7th Avenue, 18th Floor

New York, NY 10019

Attention: Adam K. Stern

Head of Private Equity Banking

(646) 502-2401

You may request additional copies of this document and any of the Offering Materials from the Company. The Company may be reached at:

6275 Nancy Ridge Drive

San Diego, California 92121

Attention: Corporate Secretary

(858) 550-9994

OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS MAKES NO RECOMMENDATION AS TO WHETHER OR NOT YOU SHOULD PARTICIPATE IN THE OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE. YOU MUST MAKE YOUR OWN DECISION WITH RESPECT TO THE OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE. FOR QUESTIONS REGARDING TAX IMPLICATIONS OR OTHER INVESTMENT-RELATED QUESTIONS, YOU SHOULD TALK TO YOUR OWN ATTORNEY, ACCOUNTANT AND/OR FINANCIAL PLANNER.

WE HAVE NOT AUTHORIZED ANY PERSON TO MAKE ANY RECOMMENDATION ON OUR BEHALF AS TO WHETHER OR NOT YOU SHOULD PARTICIPATE IN THE OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE. YOU SHOULD RELY ONLY ON THE INFORMATION CONTAINED OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THIS DOCUMENT.

THIS OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE HAS BEEN PREPARED SOLELY FOR THE BENEFIT OF HOLDERS OF ORIGINAL WARRANTS. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE TO ANY PERSON OTHER THAN SUCH HOLDERS AND THOSE PERSONS RETAINED TO ADVISE SUCH HOLDERS IS UNAUTHORIZED AND ANY REPRODUCTION OF THIS OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE OR RELATED DOCUMENTS, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, IS PROHIBITED.

THE SECURITIES BEING OFFERED PURSUANT TO THIS OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE ARE BEING OFFERED PURSUANT TO EXEMPTIONS PROVIDED BY SECTION 4(2) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, REGULATION D THEREUNDER, CERTAIN STATE SECURITIES LAWS AND CERTAIN RULES AND REGULATIONS PROMULGATED THEREUNDER.

THE DATE OF THIS OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE IS DECEMBER 4, 2012

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RISK FACTORS

Investment in our common stock involves a substantial degree of risk and should be regarded as speculative. As a result, the purchase of our common stock should be considered only by persons who can reasonably afford to lose their entire investment. Before you elect to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise, you should carefully consider the risk and uncertainties described below in addition to the other information in this Offer to Amend and Exercise and other information incorporated herein by reference. Additional risks and uncertainties of which we are unaware or which we currently believe are immaterial could also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In any case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks related to our Business and our Industry

We have a limited operating history and a history of operating losses, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.

We were incorporated in 2007, opened our laboratories in San Diego, California in January, 2009 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financial information upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficulties frequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We have generated operating losses since we began operations, including $1,338,694, $3,964,610 and $6,396,501 for the year ended December 31, 2010 and 2011 and the nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively, and as of September 30, 2012, we had an accumulated deficit of $40.7 Million. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years as our research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, entering into customer relationships with strategic partners, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our partners’ product candidates; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals by our partners or us from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; successful manufacturing, sales, and marketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. We might not succeed at any of these undertakings. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects, and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

We will need to secure additional financing to support our planned operations.

We will require additional funds for our anticipated operations and if we are not successful in securing additional financing, we may be required to delay significantly, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of our research or development programs, downsize our general and administrative infrastructure, or seek alternative measures to avoid insolvency, including arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to certain of our technologies, product candidates or products.

We are an early-stage company with an unproven business strategy and may never achieve commercialization of our research tools and therapeutic products or profitability.

Our strategy of using our research tools for the collaborative development of therapeutic products is unproven. Our success will depend upon our ability to enter into additional collaboration agreements on favorable terms, to determine which research tools and therapeutic products have potential value, and to select an appropriate commercialization strategy for each research tool and potential therapeutic product we or our collaborators choose to pursue. If we are not successful in implementing our strategy to commercialize our research tools and potential therapeutic products, we may never achieve, maintain or increase profitability.

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Our success and our collaborators’ ability to sell therapeutic products will depend to a large extent upon reimbursement from health care insurance companies.

Our success may depend, in part, on the extent to which reimbursement for the costs of therapeutic products and related treatments will be available from third-party payers such as government health administration authorities, private health insurers, managed care programs, and other organizations. Over the past decade, the cost of health care has risen significantly, and there have been numerous proposals by legislators, regulators, and third-party health care payers to curb these costs. Some of these proposals have involved limitations on the amount of reimbursement for certain products. Similar federal or state health care legislation may be adopted in the future and any products that we or our collaborators seek to commercialize may not be considered cost-effective. Adequate third-party insurance coverage may not be available for us or our collaborative partners to establish and maintain price levels that are sufficient for realization of an appropriate return on investment in product development.

Our research tools are new and unproven and may not allow us or our collaborators to develop successful commercial products

Our research tools involve new and unproven approaches. We have not proven that our research tools will enable us or our collaborators to identify therapeutic products with commercial potential, or to develop or commercialize such therapeutic products. Even if we or our collaborators are successful in identifying therapeutic products based on discoveries made using our research tools, we or our collaborators may not be able to discover or develop commercially viable products. To date, no one has developed or commercialized any therapeutic or other life science product based on our research tools. If our research tools do not assist in the discovery and development of such therapeutic products, our current and potential collaborators may lose confidence in us and our research tools and our business may suffer as a result.

If our collaborators, licensees and customers do not successfully develop or commercialize therapeutic or other life science products using our research tools, we may not generate revenues from those customers. In addition, we may experience unforeseen technical complications, unrecognized defects and limitations in the productions of our research tools. These complications could materially delay or limit the use of those tools, substantially increase the anticipated cost of manufacturing them or prevent us from implementing research projects at high efficiency levels.

Our products and services are subject to the risks associated with new and rapidly evolving technologies.

Our proprietary tissue creation technology, drug discovery and research tools are subject to the risks associated with new, rapidly evolving technologies. In addition, the process of developing new technologies and products is complex, and if we are unable to develop enhancements to, and new features for, our existing products or acceptable new products that keep pace with technological developments or industry standards, our products may become obsolete, less marketable and less competitive.

The commercialization of therapeutic or other life science products developed using our research tools is subject to a variety of risks.

Development of therapeutic and other life science products based on our or our collaborators’ use of our technologies will be subject to risks of failure inherent in their development or commercial viability. These risks include the possibility that any such products will:

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We expect that our drug discovery collaborative partners or other clients that utilize our research tools will be required to submit their research for regulatory review in order to proceed with human testing of drug candidates. This review by the FDA and other regulatory agencies may result in timeline setbacks or complete rejection of an application to begin human studies, such as an Investigative New Drug (IND) application. Should our collaborative partners or other clients face such setbacks, we would be at risk of not being paid if there were agreed upon milestone and royalty payments. The risks of non-approval for our partners or other clients will include the inherent risks of unfavorable regulator opinion of a drug candidate’s safety or efficacy, as well as the risk that the data generated by our platform technology is not found to be suitable to support the safety or efficacy of the drug. In addition, our platform technology is subject to the requirements of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) to provide suitable data for INDs and other regulatory filings; no regulatory review of data from this platform has yet been conducted and there is no guarantee that our technology will be acceptable under GLP.

If we are unable to enter into or maintain strategic collaborations with third parties, we may have difficulty selling our research tools and therapeutic products and we may not generate sufficient revenue to achieve or maintain profitability.

Since we do not currently possess the resources necessary to develop, obtain approvals for or commercialize potential therapeutic products based on our technology, we must enter into collaborative arrangements to develop and commercialize these products. If we are not able to enter into these arrangements or implement our strategy to develop and commercialize therapeutic and other life science products based upon our research tools, we may not generate sufficient revenues to achieve or maintain profitability. Additionally, we may not be able to negotiate future collaborative arrangements on acceptable terms, if at all.

We cannot control our collaborators’ allocation of resources or the amount of time that our collaborators devote to developing our programs or potential products, which may have a material adverse effect on our business.

We have collaborative research agreements with Pfizer and Unither, and will seek to enter into additional collaborations. Our agreements with our collaborators typically allow them significant discretion in electing whether to pursue product development, regulatory approval, manufacturing and marketing of the products they may develop with the help of our technology. We cannot control the amount and timing of resources our collaborators may devote to our programs or potential products. As a result, we cannot be certain that our collaborators will choose to develop and commercialize these products or that we will realize any milestone payments, royalties and other payments to which we may become entitled. In addition, if a partner is involved in a business combination, such as a merger or acquisition, or if a partner changes its business focus, its performance pursuant to its agreement with us may suffer and, as a result, we may not generate any revenues from royalty, milestone and similar provisions that may be included in our collaborative agreement with that partner.

Any termination or breach by or conflict with our collaborators or licensees could harm our business.

If we or any of our collaborators or licensees fail to renew or terminate any of our collaboration or license agreements or if either party fails to satisfy its obligations under any of our collaboration or license agreements or complete them in a timely manner, we could lose significant sources of revenue, which could result in volatility in our future revenue.

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In addition, our agreements with our collaborators and licensees may have provisions that give rise to disputes regarding the rights and obligations of the parties. These and other possible disagreements could lead to termination of the agreement or delays in collaborative research, development, supply or commercialization of certain products, or could require or result in litigation or arbitration. Moreover, disagreements could arise with our collaborators over rights to our intellectual property or our rights to share in any of the future revenues of products developed by our collaborators. These kinds of disagreements could result in costly and time-consuming litigation. Any such conflicts with our collaborators could reduce our ability to obtain future collaboration agreements and could have a negative impact on our relationship with existing collaborators, adversely affecting our business and revenues. Finally, any of our collaborations or license agreements may prove to be unsuccessful.

Our collaborators could develop competing research, reducing the available pool of potential collaborators and increasing competition, which may adversely affect our business and revenues.

Our collaborators and potential collaborators could develop research tools similar to our own, reducing our pool of possible collaborative parties and increasing competition. Any of these developments could harm our product and technology development efforts, which could seriously harm our business. In addition, we may pursue opportunities in fields that could conflict with those of our collaborators. Developing products that compete with our collaborators’ or potential collaborators’ products could preclude us from entering into future collaborations with our collaborators or potential collaborators. Any of these developments could harm our product development efforts and could adversely affect our business and revenues.

If restrictions on reimbursements and health care reform limit our collaborators’ actual or potential financial returns on therapeutic products that they develop based on our platform technology, our collaborators may reduce or terminate their collaborations with us.

Our collaborators’ abilities to commercialize therapeutic and other life science products that are developed through the research tools or services that we provide may depend in part on the extent to which coverage and adequate payments for these products will be available from government payors, such as Medicare and Medicaid, private health insurers, including managed care organizations, and other third-party payors. These payors are increasingly challenging the price of medical products and services. Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved therapeutic and other life science products, and coverage and adequate payments may not be available for these products.

In recent years, officials have made numerous proposals to change the health care system in the U.S. These proposals included measures to limit or eliminate payments for some medical procedures and treatments or subject the pricing of pharmaceuticals and other medical products to government control. Government and other third-party payors increasingly attempt to contain health care costs by limiting both coverage and the level of payments of newly approved health care products. In some cases, they may also refuse to provide any coverage of uses of approved products for disease indications other than those for which the FDA has granted marketing approval. Governments may adopt future legislative proposals and federal, state or private payors for healthcare goods and services may take action to limit their payments for goods and services. Any of these events could limit our ability to form collaborations or collaborators’ and our ability to commercialize therapeutic products successfully.

We and our collaborators are subject to extensive and uncertain regulatory requirements, which could adversely affect our ability to obtain regulatory approval in a timely manner, or at all, for products that we identify or develop.

Therapeutic and other life science products are subject to an extensive and uncertain regulatory approval process by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and comparable agencies in other countries. The regulation of new products is extensive, and the required process of laboratory testing and human studies is lengthy and expensive.

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The burden of these regulations will fall on our collaborating partners, or may be shared with us, to the extent that we are developing proprietary products that are the result of a collaboration effort. The burden of these regulations will fall on us to the extent we are developing proprietary products on our own.

We may not be able to obtain FDA approvals for those products in a timely manner, or at all. We may encounter significant delays or excessive costs in our efforts to secure necessary approvals or licenses. Even if we obtain FDA regulatory approvals, the FDA extensively regulates manufacturing, labeling, distributing, marketing, promotion and advertising after product approval. Moreover, several of our product development areas may involve relatively new technology and have not been the subject of extensive product testing in humans. The regulatory requirements governing these products and related clinical procedures remain uncertain and the products themselves may be subject to substantial review by foreign governmental regulatory authorities that could prevent or delay approval in those countries. Regulatory requirements ultimately imposed on our products could limit our ability to test, manufacture and, ultimately, commercialize our products and thereby could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our business depends upon the success of our research tools as alternatives to current research tools.

Our success depends on commercial acceptance of our research tools. We believe that adoption of our research tools by our current and future collaborators will be essential for commercial acceptance of our research tools. We cannot assure you that our research tools will be adopted, or if adopted, that they will be broadly accepted by pharmaceutical, biotechnology and diagnostic companies or various academic institutions.

We believe that recommendations by health care professionals and health care payors will be essential for commercial acceptance of our collaborators’ or our products. We cannot assure you that the products we or our collaborators develop will achieve commercial acceptance among patients, physicians or third-party payors. Failure to achieve commercial acceptance would materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We face intense competition which could result in reduced acceptance and demand for our research tools and products.

The biotechnology industry is subject to intense competition and rapid and significant technological change. We have many potential competitors, including major drug companies, specialized biotechnology firms, academic institutions, government agencies and private and public research institutions. Many of these competitors have significantly greater financial and technical resources, experience and expertise in research and development, preclinical testing, designing and implementing clinical trials; regulatory processes and approvals; production and manufacturing; and sales and marketing of approved products than we have. Principal competitive factors in our industry include the quality and breadth of an organization’s technology; management of the organization and the execution of the organization’s strategy; the skill and experience of an organization’s employees and its ability to recruit and retain skilled and experienced employees; an organization’s intellectual property portfolio; the range of capabilities, from target identification and validation to drug and device discovery and development to manufacturing and marketing; and the availability of substantial capital resources to fund discovery, development and commercialization activities.

Large and established companies compete in the biotech market. In particular, these companies have greater experience and expertise than we have in securing government contracts and grants to support their research and development efforts, conducting testing and clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals to market products, manufacturing such products on a broad scale and marketing approved products than we have.

Smaller or early-stage companies and research institutions may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established biotech or other companies, or the obtaining of substantial private financing. We will also face competition from these parties in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel.

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In order to effectively compete, we will have to make substantial investments in development, testing, manufacturing and sales and marketing or partner with one or more established companies. There is no assurance that we or our collaborators will be successful in commercializing and gaining significant market share for any of products developed in part through use of our technology. Our technologies, products and services also may be rendered obsolete or noncompetitive as a result of products and services introduced by our competitors.

We may have product liability exposure from the sale of our research tools and therapeutic products or the services we provide.

We may have exposure to claims for product liability. Product liability coverage is expensive and sometimes difficult to obtain. Given our operations to date, we currently do not maintain any product liability insurance coverage. At such point that we determine it is prudent to obtain this insurance, we may not be able to obtain or maintain insurance at a reasonable cost. There can be no assurance that existing insurance coverage will extend to other products in the future. Any product liability insurance coverage may not be sufficient to satisfy all liabilities resulting from product liability claims. A successful claim may prevent us from obtaining adequate product liability insurance in the future on commercially desirable items, if at all. Even if a claim is not successful, defending such a claim would be time-consuming and expensive, may damage our reputation in the marketplace, and would likely divert management’s attention.

The near and long-term viability of our products and services will depend on our ability to successfully establish strategic relationships.

The near and long-term viability of our products and services will depend in part on our ability to successfully establish new strategic collaborations with biotechnology companies, pharmaceutical companies, universities, hospitals, insurance companies and government agencies. Establishing strategic collaborations is difficult and time-consuming. Potential collaborators may reject collaborations based upon their assessment of our financial, regulatory or intellectual property position. If we fail to establish a sufficient number of collaborations on acceptable terms, we may not be able to commercialize our products or generate sufficient revenue to fund further research and development efforts.

Even if we establish new collaborations, these relationships may never result in the successful development or commercialization of any product or service candidates for several reasons both within and outside of our control.

Although our current focus is on providing drug discovery services and research tools in the research setting, we may develop tissue therapeutic products and seek approval to sell them as medical care. Before we could begin commercial manufacturing of any of our product candidates, we or our manufacturers must pass a pre-approval inspection by the FDA and comply with the FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices. If our manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, our product candidates would not be approved. If our collaborators fail to comply with these requirements after approval, we would be subject to possible regulatory action and may be limited in the jurisdictions in which we are permitted to sell products.

We will be dependent on third-party research organizations to conduct some of our future laboratory testing, animal and human studies.

We will be dependent on third-party research organizations to conduct some of our laboratory testing, animal and human studies with respect to therapeutic tissues and other life science products that we may develop in the future. If we are unable to obtain any necessary testing services on acceptable terms, we may not complete our product development efforts in a timely manner. If we rely on third parties for laboratory testing and/or animal and human studies, we may lose some control over these activities and become too dependent upon these parties. These third parties may not complete testing activities on schedule or when we so request. We may not be able to secure and maintain suitable research organizations to conduct our laboratory testing and/or animal and human

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studies. We are responsible for confirming that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance with our general plan and protocol. Moreover, the FDA and foreign regulatory agencies require us to comply with regulations and standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the trial participants are adequately protected. Our reliance on third parties does not relieve us of these responsibilities and requirements. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or regulatory obligations or meet expected deadlines, if the third parties need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols or regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our pre-clinical development activities or clinical trials may be extended, delayed, suspended or terminated, and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for our future product candidates.

We may require access to a constant, steady, reliable supply of products.

To the extent that we develop products for sale, we may be required to complete clinical trials before we can offer such products for sale. Commercialization of products will require access to, or development of, facilities to manufacture a sufficient supply of our product candidates. If we are unable to manufacture our products in commercial quantities, then we will need to rely on third parties. These third-party manufacturers must also receive FDA approval before they can produce clinical material or commercial products. Our products may be in competition with other products for access to these facilities and may be subject to delays in manufacture if third parties give other products greater priority. In addition, we may not be able to enter into any necessary third-party manufacturing arrangements on acceptable terms, or on a timely basis. Furthermore, we would likely have to enter into a technical transfer agreement and share our know-how with the third party manufacturer.

We may rely on third-party suppliers for some our materials.

We may rely on third-party suppliers and vendors for some of the materials we require in our drug discovery and research tool businesses as well as for the manufacture of any product candidates that we may develop in the future. Any significant problem experienced by one of our suppliers could result in a delay or interruption in the supply of materials to us until such supplier resolves the problem or an alternative source of supply is located. Any delay or interruption could negatively affect our operations.

Violation of government regulations or quality programs could harm demand for our products or services, and the evolving nature of government regulations could have an adverse impact on our business.

To the extent that our collaborators or customers use our products in the manufacturing or testing processes for their drug and medical device products, such end-products or services may be regulated by the FDA under Quality System Regulations (QSR) or the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA’88) regulations. The customer is ultimately responsible for QSR, CLIA’88 and other compliance requirements for their products; however, we may agree to comply with certain requirements, and, if we fail to do so, we could lose sales and customers and be exposed to product liability claims.

Products that are intended for the diagnosis or treatment of disease are subject to government regulation. Our drug discovery and research tool offerings are currently intended for research or investigational uses. Research uses are not subject to FDA or premarket approval or other regulatory requirements. Investigational uses are not subject to FDA premarket approval or most regulatory requirements, but are subject to limited regulatory controls for entities conducting investigational studies.

As we continue to adapt and develop parts of our product line in the future, including tissue-based products in the field of regenerative medicine, the manufacture and marketing of our products will become subject to government regulation in the United States and other countries. In the United States and most foreign countries, we will be required to complete rigorous preclinical testing and extensive human clinical trials that demonstrate the safety and efficacy of a product in order to apply for regulatory approval to market the product.

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The steps required by the FDA before our proposed products may be marketed in the United States include performance of preclinical (animal and laboratory) tests; submissions to the FDA of an IDE (Investigational Device Exemption), NDA (New Drug Application), or BLA (Biologic License Application) which must become effective before human clinical trials may commence; performance of adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the product in the intended target population; performance of a consistent and reproducible manufacturing process intended for commercial use; Pre-Market Approval Application (PMA); and FDA approval of the PMA before any commercial sale or shipment of the product.

The processes are expensive and can take many years to complete, and we may not be able to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our products to the satisfaction of such regulatory authorities. The start of clinical trials can be delayed or take longer than anticipated for many and varied reasons, many of which are outside of our control. Safety concerns may emerge that could lengthen the ongoing trials or require additional trials to be conducted. Regulatory authorities may also require additional testing, and we may be required to demonstrate that our proposed products represent an improved form of treatment over existing therapies, which we may be unable to do without conducting further clinical studies. Moreover, if the FDA grants regulatory approval of a product, the approval may be limited to specific indications or limited with respect to our distribution. Expanded or additional indications for approved devices or drugs may not be approved, which could limit our revenues. Foreign regulatory authorities may apply similar limitations or may refuse to grant any approval. Consequently, even if we believe that preclinical and clinical data are sufficient to support regulatory approval for our product candidates, the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities may not ultimately grant approval for commercial sale in any jurisdiction. If our products are not approved, our ability to generate revenues will be limited and our business will be adversely affected.

Even if a product gains regulatory approval, such approval is likely to limit the indicated uses for which it may be marketed, and the product and the manufacturer of the product will be subject to continuing regulatory review, including adverse event reporting requirements and the FDA’s general prohibition against promoting products for unapproved uses. Failure to comply with any post-approval requirements can, among other things, result in warning letters, product seizures, recalls, substantial fines, injunctions, suspensions or revocations of marketing licenses, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions. Any of these enforcement actions, any unanticipated changes in existing regulatory requirements or the adoption of new requirements, or any safety issues that arise with any approved products, could adversely affect our ability to market products and generate revenues and thus adversely affect our ability to continue our business.

We also may be restricted or prohibited from marketing or manufacturing a product, even after obtaining product approval, if previously unknown problems with the product or our manufacture are subsequently discovered and we cannot provide assurance that newly discovered or developed safety issues will not arise following any regulatory approval. With the use of any treatment by a wide patient population, serious adverse events may occur from time to time that initially do not appear to relate to the treatment itself, and only if the specific event occurs with some regularity over a period of time does the treatment become suspect as having a causal relationship to the adverse event. Any safety issues could cause us to suspend or cease marketing of our approved products, possibly subject us to substantial liabilities, and adversely affect our ability to generate revenues.

We are subject to various environmental, health and safety laws.

We are subject to various laws and regulations relating to safe working conditions, laboratory and manufacturing practices, the experimental use of animals, emissions and wastewater discharges, and the use and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances used in connection with our research, including infectious disease agents. We also cannot accurately predict the extent of regulations that might result from any future legislative or administrative action. Any of these laws or regulations could cause us to incur additional expense or restrict our operations. Compliance with environmental laws and regulations may be expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development or production efforts.

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We will depend on our patent portfolio, our licensed technology and other trade secrets in the conduct of our business and must ensure that we do not violate the patent or intellectual rights of others.

Our success in large part depends on our ability to maintain the proprietary nature of our technology and other trade secrets. To do so, we and our licensors must prosecute and maintain existing patents, obtain new patents and pursue trade secret and other intellectual property protection. We also must operate without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties or allowing third parties infringe our rights. Our research, development and commercialization activities, including any product candidates or products resulting from these activities, may infringe or be claimed to infringe patents owned by third parties and as to which we do not hold licenses or other rights. There may be rights that we are not aware of, including applications that have been filed but not published that, when issued, could be asserted against us. These third parties could bring claims against us that would cause us to incur substantial expenses and, if successful, could cause us to pay substantial damages. Further, if a patent infringement suit were brought against us, we could be forced to stop or delay research, development, manufacturing or sales of the product or biologic treatment candidate that is the subject of the suit.

In addition, competitors may infringe our patents or the patents of our collaborators or licensors. As a result, we may be required to file infringement claims to counter infringement for unauthorized use. This can be expensive and time-consuming. In addition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent owned by us is not valid or is unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our patents do not cover our technology. An adverse determination of any litigation or defense proceedings could put one or more of our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and could put our patent applications at the risk of not issuing.

Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation.

A significant portion of our sales are dependent upon our customers’ capital spending policies and research and development budgets, and government funding of research and development programs at universities and other organizations, which are each subject to significant and unexpected decrease.

Our prospective customers include pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions, government laboratories, and private research foundations. Fluctuations in the research and development budgets at these organizations could have a significant effect on the demand for our products and services. Research and development budgets fluctuate due to changes in available resources, patent expirations, mergers of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, spending priorities, general economic conditions, and institutional and governmental budgetary policies, including but not limited to reductions in grants for research by educational institutions. In addition, our business could be seriously damaged by any significant decrease in life sciences research and development expenditures by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions, government laboratories, or private foundations.

The timing and amount of revenues from customers that rely on government funding of research may vary significantly due to factors that can be difficult to forecast. Research funding for life science research has increased more slowly during the past several years compared to the previous years and has declined in some countries, and some grants have been frozen for extended periods of time or otherwise become unavailable to various institutions, sometimes without advance notice. Government funding of research and development is subject to the political process, which is inherently fluid and unpredictable. Other programs, such as homeland security or defense, or general efforts to reduce the federal budget deficit could be viewed by the United States government as a higher priority. These budgetary pressures may result in reduced allocations to government agencies that fund research and development activities. Past proposals to reduce budget deficits have included reduced National Institute of Health and other research and development allocations. Any shift away from the funding of life sciences research and development or delays surrounding the approval of government budget proposals may cause our customers to delay or forego purchases of our products or services, which could seriously damage our business.

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Risks Related to Our Common Stock and Liquidity Risks

Our securities are a “Penny Stock” and subject to specific rules governing their sale to investors.

The SEC has adopted Rule 15g-9 which establishes the definition of a “penny stock,” for the purposes relevant to our common stock, as any equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or with an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the rules require that a broker or dealer approve a person’s account for transactions in penny stocks; and the broker or dealer receive from the investor a written agreement to the transaction, setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased.

In order to approve a person’s account for transactions in penny stocks, the broker or dealer must obtain financial information and investment experience objectives of the person; and make a reasonable determination that the transactions in penny stocks are suitable for that person and the person has sufficient knowledge and experience in financial matters to be capable of evaluating the risks of transactions in penny stocks.

The broker or dealer must also deliver, prior to any transaction in a penny stock, a disclosure schedule prescribed by the SEC relating to the penny stock market, which, in highlight form sets forth the basis on which the broker or dealer made the suitability determination; and that the broker or dealer received a signed, written agreement from the investor prior to the transaction. Generally, brokers may be less willing to execute transactions in securities subject to the “penny stock” rules. This may make it more difficult for investors sell shares of our common stock.

Disclosure also has to be made about the risks of investing in penny stocks in both public offerings and in secondary trading and about the commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative, current quotations for the securities and the rights and remedies available to an investor in cases of fraud in penny stock transactions. Finally, monthly statements have to be sent disclosing recent price information for the penny stock held in the account and information on the limited market in penny stocks.

The Company has a limited trading history and there is no assurance that an active market in the Company’s Common Stock will continue at present levels or increase in the future.

There is no established trading market for the Original Warrants nor will there ever be an established trading market for the Amended Warrants. There is limited trading activity in our common stock and there is no assurance that an active market will develop in the future. Although our common stock is currently quoted on the OTCQX, the Company has a limited trading history and there is no assurance that an active market in the Company’s Common Stock will continue at present levels or increase in the future. As a result, an investor may find it difficult to dispose of our common stock. There can be no assurance that a more active market for our common stock will develop in the future, or if one should develop, there is no assurance that it will be sustained. This factor limits the liquidity of our common stock, and may have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock and on our ability to raise additional capital.

Compliance with the reporting requirements of federal securities laws can be expensive.

We are a public reporting company in the United States, and accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securities laws, and the compliance obligations of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders are substantial. In addition, we will incur substantial expenses in connection with the preparation of the Registration Statement and related documents with respect to the registration of resales of the common stock underlying the Original Warrants.

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Applicable regulatory requirements, including those contained in and issued under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, may make it difficult for us to retain or attract qualified officers and directors, which could adversely affect the management of its business and its ability to obtain or retain listing of our common stock.

We may be unable to attract and retain those qualified officers, directors and members of board committees required to provide for effective management because of the rules and regulations that govern publicly held companies, including, but not limited to, certifications by principal executive officers. The enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has resulted in the issuance of a series of related rules and regulations and the strengthening of existing rules and regulations by the SEC, as well as the adoption of new and more stringent rules by the stock exchanges. The perceived increased personal risk associated with these changes may deter qualified individuals from accepting roles as directors and executive officers.

Further, some of these changes heighten the requirements for board or committee membership, particularly with respect to an individual’s independence from the corporation and level of experience in finance and accounting matters. We may have difficulty attracting and retaining directors with the requisite qualifications. If we are unable to attract and retain qualified officers and directors, the management of our business and our ability to obtain or retain listing of our shares of common stock on any stock exchange (assuming we elect to seek and are successful in obtaining such listing) could be adversely affected.

We may have undisclosed liabilities and any such liabilities could harm our revenues, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Even though our pre-merger assets and liabilities were transferred to the Split-Off Shareholders in the Split-Off, there can be no assurance that we will not be liable for any or all of such liabilities. Any such liabilities that survived the Merger could harm our revenues, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations upon our acceptance of responsibility for such liabilities. The transfer of the operating assets and liabilities to PSOS, coupled with the Split-Off of PSOS, will result in taxable income to us in an amount equal to the difference between the fair market value of the assets transferred and the pre-merger tax basis of the assets. Any gain recognized, to the extent not offset by our net operating loss carryforward, if any, will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate income tax rates.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or detect fraud. Consequently, investors could lose confidence in our financial reporting and this may decrease the trading price of our stock.

We must maintain effective internal controls to provide reliable financial reports and detect fraud. We have been assessing our internal controls to identify areas that need improvement. We are in the process of implementing changes to internal controls, but have not yet completed implementing these changes. Failure to implement these changes to our internal controls or any others that it identifies as necessary to maintain an effective system of internal controls could harm our operating results and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information. Any such loss of confidence would have a negative effect on the trading price of our stock.

The price of our common stock may continue to be volatile, which could lead to losses by investors and costly securities litigation.

The trading price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate in response to factors such as:

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The stock market is subject to significant price and volume fluctuations. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been initiated against such a company. Litigation initiated against us, whether or not successful, could result in substantial costs and diversion of our management’s attention and resources, which could harm our business and financial condition.

Investors may experience dilution of their ownership interests because of the future issuance of additional shares of our common stock.

In the future, we may issue additional authorized but previously unissued equity securities, resulting in the dilution of the ownership interests of our present stockholders. We may also issue additional shares of our common stock or other securities that are convertible into or exercisable for our common stock in connection with hiring or retaining employees, future acquisitions, future sales of our securities for capital raising purposes, or for other business purposes. The future issuance of any such additional shares of common stock may create downward pressure on the trading price of our common stock. There can be no assurance that the we will not be required to issue additional shares, warrants or other convertible securities in the future in conjunction with any capital raising efforts, including at a price (or exercise prices) below the price at which shares of our common stock is currently quoted on the OTCQX.

Our common stock is controlled by insiders.

Our executive officers and directors beneficially own approximately 23% of our outstanding shares of common stock, and Dr. Gabor Forgacs, the father of one of our directors, beneficially owns another 12.7% of our outstanding shares of common stock. Although we are not aware of any voting arrangements between our officers, directors and Dr. Forgacs, such concentrated control may adversely affect the price of our common stock. Investors who acquire our common stock may have no effective voice in the management of our operations. Sales by our insiders or affiliates, along with any other market transactions, could affect the market price of our common stock.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date and it is not anticipated that any dividends will be paid to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of our business, it is currently anticipated that any earnings will be retained to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividend can further affect the market value of our stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment.

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Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents and Delaware law may discourage or prevent a change of control, even if an acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders, which could affect our stock price adversely and prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change of control of our company or changes in our board of directors that our stockholders might consider favorable. Some of these provisions:

In addition, we are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which may prohibit certain business combinations with stockholders owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock. These and other provisions in our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and Delaware law could make it more difficult for stockholders or potential acquirers to obtain control of our board of directors or initiate actions that are opposed by our then-current board of directors, including delay or impede a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest involving our company. Any delay or prevention of a change of control transaction or changes in our board of directors could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

Risks related to the Offer to Amend and Exercise.

Our Board of Directors makes no recommendation with regard to whether you should accept the Offer to Amend and Exercise.

Although our Board of Directors has approved the Offer to Amend and Exercise, it makes no recommendation as to whether holders of Original Warrants should accept the Offer to Amend and Exercise. We have not retained and do not intend to retain any unaffiliated representative to act solely on behalf of the holders of Original Warrants for purposes of negotiating the terms of the Offer to Amend and Exercise. We cannot assure you that the value of the shares issued upon exercise of the Amended Warrants will in the future equal or exceed the exercise price per share of the Amended Warrants. We do not take a position as to whether you ought to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise.

If you choose to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise, you will be required to exercise your Amended Warrants for Common Stock, and will be subject to all the risks associated with being a stockholder of the Company, give up the time value attributable to your Original Warrant and waive your anti-dilution rights.

The Amended Warrants will terminate if the holders do not exercise their Amended Warrants prior to the Expiration Date. If you choose to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise, you will be required to exercise your Amended Warrants prior to the Expiration Date. As a result, you will be subject to all the risks and uncertainties set forth in these risk factors as a holder of the Company’s Common Stock. In addition, you will be giving up the time value attributable to your Original Warrant by exercising the Original Warrant, as amended, prior to the original 5-year expiration date. Additionally, the terms of the Amended Warrants delete the anti-dilution provisions set forth in the Bridge and Investors Warrants, and provide that these provisions have no application to the issuance or exercise of the Amended Warrants.

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The shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Amended Warrants are “restricted securities”.

The shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Amended Warrants are “restricted securities” and may not be sold by the holder absent a registration statement covering the resale of the shares or an exemption from the registration requirement. The Company has previously filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 to register the resale of the shares of Common Stock underlying the Original Warrants under the Securities Act, and amending the Original Warrants through the Offer to Amend and Exercise will not affect the registration for holders named as selling shareholders in the Registration Statement. Consequently, the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Amended Warrants have been registered, and are tradable in accordance with the resale restrictions set forth in the “Plan of Distribution” section of the Prospectus in the Registration Statement. Each holder of Original Warrants should read the applicable Prospectus carefully before deciding whether to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise. In addition, any holder (including any transferees or acquirers) of an Original Warrant or Amended Warrant who is not listed as a selling stockholder in the Prospectus cannot resell such holder’s shares in reliance on the Prospectus, unless and until the Company files a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement to include such holder as a selling stockholder. Absent the filing of the post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement, the holder (including any transferees or acquirers) will be required to qualify for an exemption from the registration requirements, which may require a holding period of at least six months.

The shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Amended Warrants are subject to resale and market restrictions.

The shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Amended Warrants are subject to lock up provisions that provide that the holder will not sell, make any short sale of, loan, grant any option for the purchase of, or otherwise dispose of any of such shares without the prior written consent of the Company for twenty (20) days after the Expiration Date (the “Lock-Up Period”). The Company may impose stop-transfer restrictions to enforce these lock-up restrictions. In addition, a holder, acting alone or with others, participating in the Offer to Amend and Exercise has agreed not to effect any purchases or sales of any securities of the Company in any “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 promulgated under Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act, or any type of direct and indirect stock pledges, forward sale contracts, options, puts, calls, short sales, swaps, “put equivalent positions” (as defined in Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act) or similar arrangements, or sales or other transactions through non-U.S. broker dealers or foreign regulated brokers through the expiration of the Lock-Up Period. As a result, the holder will be subject to market and the other risks discussed herein during the period of these resale and market restrictions

If you do not choose to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise, your Investor Warrants may be subject to redemption in the future.

The Investor Warrants may be redeemed by the Company at a redemption price of $0.0001 if the Company’s common stock trades above $2.50 per share for twenty (20) consecutive trading days and you fail to exercise your Investor Warrants by the date set by the Company in a notice provided to the holders of the Investor Warrants of the Company’s election to redeem the Investor Warrants. Accordingly, if you choose not to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise, your warrants may be subject to redemption if and when the Company’s common stock trades above $2.50 per share for twenty (20) consecutive trading days.

Income tax consequences of participation in the Offer to Amend and Exercise.

We have not obtained and do not intend to obtain a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of amending the Original Warrants and immediately exercising the Amended Warrants. You should consult with your own tax advisor with regard to the possibility of any federal, state, local or other tax consequences of the Offer to Amend and Exercise. See Section 19 “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” under “Description of Offer.”

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We will have substantial discretion over the use of proceeds we receive from the exercise of Amended Warrants.

Our management will retain broad discretion over the use of proceeds from the Offer to Amend and Exercise. See Section 2 “Purposes of the Offer to Amend and Exercise and Use of Proceeds” for a description of our present intentions with respect to the allocation of the proceeds resulting from exercise of the Amended Warrants. The amounts and timing of the expenditures may vary significantly depending on numerous factors. The occurrence of certain unforeseen events or changed business conditions, however, could result in the application of the proceeds resulting from the exercise of the Amended Warrants in a manner other than as described in this Offer to Amend and Exercise.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE

Organovo Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) is offering to amend, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 14,510,928 shares of common stock (the “Offer to Amend and Exercise”), including: (i) outstanding warrants to purchase 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock issued to investors participating in the Company’s bridge financing completed in November 2011 (the “Bridge Warrants”); (ii) outstanding warrants to purchase 11,653,678 shares of the Company’s common stock issued to investors participating in the Company’s private placement financings closed on February 8, 2012, February 29, 2012 and March 16, 2012 (the “Investor Warrants”); and (iii) outstanding warrants to purchase 1,357,250 shares of the Company’s common stock issued to investors in the Company’s private placement transactions completed in 2011 (the “Private Warrants” and collectively with the Bridge Warrants and the Investor Warrants, the “Original Warrants”). There is no minimum participation requirement with respect to this Offer to Amend and Exercise.

Pursuant to the Offer to Amend and Exercise, the Original Warrants will be amended (the “Amended Warrants”) to: (i) reduce the exercise price of the Original Warrants from $1.00 per share to $0.80 per share of common stock in cash, (ii) shorten the exercise period of the Original Warrants so that they expire concurrently with the expiration of the Offer to Amend and Exercise at 5:00 p.m. (Pacific Time) on December 17, 2012, as may be extended by the Company in its sole discretion (“Expiration Date”), (iii) delete the price-based anti-dilution provisions contained in the Original Warrants, (iv) restrict the ability of the holder of shares issuable upon exercise of the Amended Warrants to sell, make any short sale of, loan, grant any option for the purchase of, or otherwise dispose of any of such shares without the prior written consent of the Company for a period of twenty (20) days after the Expiration Date (the “Lock-Up Period”); and (v) provide that a holder, acting alone or with others, will agree not to effect any purchases or sales of any securities of the Company in any “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 promulgated under Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act, or any type of direct and indirect stock pledges, forward sale contracts, options, puts, calls, short sales, swaps, “put equivalent positions” (as defined in Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act) or similar arrangements, or sales or other transactions through non-U.S. broker dealers or foreign regulated brokers through the expiration of the Lock-Up Period. Other than set forth above, the terms of the Original Warrants will remain unmodified and in full force and effect.

SECTION 1. FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Offer to Amend and Exercise contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to anticipated future events, future results of operations or future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “intends,” “expects,” “plans,” “goals,” “projects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements are only expectations, are uncertain and involve substantial known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the Company’s (or its industry’s) actual results, levels of activity or performance to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity or performance expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. The factors that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, but are not limited to, risks and uncertainties relating to the Company’s ability to develop, market and sell products based on its technology; the expected benefits of the Company’s products and technology; the availability of substantial additional funding for the Company to continue its operations and to conduct research and development, clinical studies and future product commercialization; and, the Company’s business, research, product development, regulatory approval, marketing and distribution plans and strategies. The “Risk Factors” section of this Offer to Amend and Exercise sets forth detailed risks, uncertainties and cautionary statements regarding the Company’s business, the Company’s common stock and the risks of participating in the Offer to Amend and Exercise. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date that they were made. These cautionary statements should be considered with any written or oral forward-looking statements that the Company may issue in the future. Except

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as required by applicable law, the Company does not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to reflect actual results, later events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

SECTION 2. PURPOSES OF THE OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Reduction of Warrant Liability: The Offer to Amend can help the Company reduce the warrant liability recorded by the Company on its financial statements. The warrant liability serves as an impediment to certain goals of the Company, as significant warrant liability on the Company’s balance sheet may make it more difficult for the Company to list its shares of common stock on a national securities exchange. The Bridge Warrants and Investor Warrants contain price-based anti-dilution provisions that provide the holders with protection against future down-round financings. Based on these anti-dilution provisions, the Company is required to record a derivative liability on its balance sheet each fiscal quarter for these Bridge Warrants and Investor Warrants based on the fair value of the Bridge Warrants and Investor Warrants as of the end of such fiscal quarter. The Company’s obligation to continue to record a derivative liability each quarter for a particular Bridge Warrant or Investor Warrant ends when the Bridge Warrant or Investor Warrant is exercised or expires. Various factors are considered in the pricing models the Company used to value the Bridge Warrants and Investor Warrants, including the Company’s current stock price, the remaining life of the Bridge Warrants and Investor Warrants, the volatility of the Company’s stock price, and the risk free interest rate. As a result of the changes in these factors, the warrant liability recorded by the Company was approximately $47.5 Million, $80.6 Million and $35.5 Million for the fiscal quarters ended March 31, June 30 and September 30, 2012, respectively. Future changes in these factors will continue to have a significant impact on the computed fair value of the derivative liability for these Bridge Warrants and Investor Warrants. As such, the Company expects future changes in the fair value of the Bridge Warrants and Investor Warrants to continue to vary significantly from quarter to quarter. The Company believes these significant variations make it more difficult for investors to evaluate the Company’s business and operations.

Fund Raising: An additional purpose of the Offer to Amend and Exercise is to raise funds to support the Company’s future operations and capital requirements by encouraging the participating holders to exercise their Original Warrants by significantly reducing the exercise price and shortening the exercise period. The funds obtained will be used by the Company as working capital and for other general corporate purposes.

SECTION 3. ELIGIBILE ORIGINAL WARRANTS

The following Original Warrants are subject to the Offer to Amend and Exercise:

Bridge Warrants: Outstanding warrants to purchase 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock issued to investors participating in the Company’s bridge financing completed in November 2011, as amended;

Investor Warrants: Outstanding warrants to purchase 11,653,678 shares of the Company’s common stock issued to investors participating in the Company’s private placement financings closed on February 8, 2012, February 29, 2012 and March 16, 2012, as amended; and

Private Warrants: Outstanding warrants to purchase 1,357,250 shares of the Company’s common stock issued to investors in the Company’s private placement transactions completed in 2011.

SECTION 4. EXPIRATION DATE

The Offer to Amend and Exercise will be open through 5:00 p.m., Pacific Time on December 17, 2012, as may be extended by the Company in its sole discretion.

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SECTION 5. TERMS OF AMENDED WARRANTS

Pursuant to the Offer to Amend and Exercise, the Original Warrants will be amended as described below:

New Exercise Price: The exercise price of the Original Warrants will be reduced from $1.00 per share to $0.80 per share.

New Termination Date: The termination date of the Original Warrants is being shortened to run concurrently with the Expiration Date.

Lock-Up Period: The Amended Warrants will contain a lock-up provision that provides that the holder will not sell, make any short sale of, loan, grant any option for the purchase of, or otherwise dispose of any of the shares issuable upon exercise of the Amended Warrants without the prior written consent of the Company for a period of twenty (20) days after the Expiration Date. In addition, the Company may impose stop-transfer restrictions to enforce these restrictions.

No Cashless Exercise: The Amended Warrants must be exercised for cash, and any cashless exercise provisions in the Original Warrants will be inapplicable to the Offer to Amend and Exercise. The shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Amended Warrants will be issued to the holder promptly after the holder’s exercise of the Amended Warrants.

Anti-Dilution: The price-based anti-dilution provisions contained in the Bridge Warrants and Investor Warrants will be deleted. Any price-based anti-dilution provisions in the Original Warrants will be inapplicable to the Offer to Amend and Exercise.

Market Restrictions: A holder will agree not to effect any purchases or sales of any securities of the Company, acting alone or with others, in any “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 promulgated under Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act, or any type of direct and indirect stock pledges, forward sale contracts, options, puts, calls, short sales, swaps, “put equivalent positions” (as defined in Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act) or similar arrangements, or sales or other transactions through non-U.S. broker dealers or foreign regulated brokers through the expiration of the Lock-Up Period.

Other Terms: Except as set forth above all other terms of the Amended Warrants will be the same as the terms of the Original Warrants. See the forms of Amended Warrants attached hereto as Exhibits (a)(1)(E), (a)(1)(F) and (a)(1)(G) to the Schedule TO.

SECTION 6. CONDITIONS TO THE OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE

The Offer to Amend and Exercise is subject to certain conditions, as described herein:

(i) As part of the Election to Participate and Exercise Warrant, the holders of the Original Warrants must complete an Accredited Investor Questionnaire. The holders of the Original Warrants previously represented to the Company that they were “accredited investors” in connection with the transactions in which such holders acquired the Original Warrants. The Company has included with this Offer to Amend and Exercise an exhibit titled “Supplemental Company Information” that contains additional information that holders of Original Warrants who are no longer “accredited investors,” if any, should consider before making an investment decision. However, the Company will not accept any Election to Participate and Exercise Warrant from or on behalf of, any Original Warrant holders if the Company determines that a valid securities exemption is not available under the Securities Act.

(ii) In addition, we are not making this Offer to Amend and Exercise to, nor will we accept any Election to Participate and Exercise Warrant from or on behalf of, Original Warrant holders in any jurisdiction in which the Offer to Amend and Exercise or the exercise of the Amended Warrants would not be in compliance with the laws of such jurisdiction.

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You may not elect to amend but not exercise your Original Warrants. Participation in this Offer to Amend and Exercise requires both amendment of your Original Warrants and your exercise of the Amended Warrants, which will happen simultaneously should you choose to participate.

Original Warrants of holders that elect not to participate and exercise will remain outstanding pursuant to their original terms.

SECTION 7. EXTENSION OF OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE PERIOD; TERMINATION; AMENDMENTS

The Company expressly reserves the right, in its sole discretion and at any time or from time to time, to extend the Expiration Date.

There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will exercise its right to extend the Offer to Amend and Exercise. Amendments to the Offer to Amend and Exercise will be made by written notice thereof to the holders of the Original Warrants. Material changes to information previously provided to holders of the Original Warrants in this Offer to Amend and Exercise or in documents furnished subsequent thereto will be disseminated to holders of Original Warrants. Also, should the Company, pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Offer to Amend and Exercise, materially amend the Offer to Amend and Exercise, the Company will ensure that the Offer to Amend and Exercise remains open long enough to comply with U.S. federal securities laws.

If the Company materially changes the terms of the Offer to Amend and Exercise or the information concerning the Offer to Amend and Exercise, or it waives a material condition of the Offer to Amend and Exercise, the Company will extend the Offer to Amend and Exercise to the extent required under applicable law. The minimum period during which an offer must remain open following any material change in the terms of the Offer to Amend and Exercise or information concerning the Offer to Amend and Exercise (other than a change in price, change in dealer’s soliciting fee or change in percentage of securities sought all of which require up to ten (10) additional business days) will depend on the facts and circumstances, including the relative materiality of such terms or information.

SECTION 8. PROCEDURE FOR PARTICIPATING IN OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE AND EXERCISING AMENDED WARRANTS

To participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise and exercise an Amended Warrant and receive the number of shares of Company common stock issuable therefor, you must deliver to the Company before the Expiration Date all of the following: (i) a signed copy of the Election to Participate and Exercise Warrant, (ii) a signed copy of an Accredited Investor Questionnaire, (iii) the original copy of your Original Warrant (or an Affidavit of Lost Warrant) for cancellation, and (iv) cash in the amount equal to $0.80 per share multiplied by the number of shares of common stock the holder elects to purchase (collectively, the “Acceptance and Exercise Documents”). The cash exercise price may be tendered in the form of a check payable to Organovo Holdings, Inc. or by wire transfer to the Company’s account as set forth in the Election to Participate and Exercise Warrant. Each of these items must be properly delivered, before the Expiration Date to: Organovo Holdings, Inc., 6275 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, Attn: Corporate Secretary, telephone number (858) 550-9994.

SECTION 9. MANNER OF ACCEPTANCE OF PAYMENT AND ISSUANCE OF SHARES

If you properly tender (and do not validly withdraw) your Original Warrants and the other Acceptance and Exercise Documents on or prior to 5:00 p.m., Pacific Time on December 17, 2012, the Expiration Date of the Offer to Amend and Exercise (or such later date and time if we extend the Offer to Amend and Exercise), promptly following the Expiration Date, we intend to notify our depositary institution and our transfer agent of our acceptance of your payment of the exercise price and your other Acceptance and Exercise Documents and issue and deliver to you the number of shares of Company common stock issuable under the Amended Warrant .. See Section 8 “Procedure for Participating in Offer to Amend and Exercise and Exercising Amended Warrants” below.

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SECTION 10. WITHDRAWAL RIGHTS

If you change your mind and do not want to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise, you may submit the Notice of Withdrawal to us. However, to be effective, the Notice of Withdrawal must be properly completed and must be returned, before the 5:00 p.m., Pacific Time on December 17, 2012, the Expiration Date of the Offer to Amend and Exercise (or such later date and time if we extend the Offer to Amend and Exercise), to: Organovo Holdings, Inc., 6275 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, Attn: Corporate Secretary, telephone number (858) 550-9994. Following the Expiration Date, you cannot withdraw your Election to Participate and Exercise Warrant. However, if we have not accepted your tendered Original Warrants and other Acceptance and Exercise Documents by January 16, 2013, which is the fortieth business day from the commencement of the Offer to Amend and Exercise, you may change your mind and submit a Notice of Withdrawal to us after January 16, 2013.

If you properly withdraw in a timely manner as set forth above, we will promptly: (i) cancel your signed copy of the Election to Participate and Exercise Warrant, (ii) return the original copy of your Original Warrant (which will remain unmodified and in full force and effect), or issue you a new Original Warrant if you submitted an Affidavit of Lost Warrant, and (iii) provide you with a check equal to the amount of cash you paid upon exercise of the Amended Warrant.

SECTION 11. REGISTRATION OF WARRANT SHARES

The Original Warrants, the Amended Warrants and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Original or Amended Warrants are “restricted securities” and may not be sold by the holder absent a registration statement covering the resale of the shares or an exemption from the registration requirement. There is no established trading market for the Original Warrants or the Amended Warrants, and we do not intend to list the Original Warrants or the Amended Warrants for trading on any exchange or market.

We have previously filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-182101) (the “Registration Statement”) to register the resale of the shares of common stock underlying the Original Warrants under the Securities Act. Promptly following the Expiration Date, we intend to file a prospectus supplement to the prospectus included in the Registration Statement to reflect the substantive changes from the information currently set forth in such prospectus as a result of the Offer to Amend and Exercise Thereafter, the holders of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Amended Warrants who are listed as selling stockholders in the Registration Statement may sell their shares of common stock in accordance with the resale restrictions set forth in the “Plan of Distribution” section of the Prospectus in the Registration Statement. Each holder of Original Warrants should read the applicable Prospectus carefully before deciding whether to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise. In addition, any holder (including any transferees or acquirers) of an Original Warrant or Amended Warrant who is not listed as a selling stockholder in the Prospectus cannot resell such holder’s shares in reliance on the Prospectus, unless and until the Company files a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement to include such holder as a selling stockholder. Absent the filing of the post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement, the holder (including any transferees or acquirers) will be required to qualify for an exemption from the registration requirements, which may require a holding period of at least six months.

SECTION 12. TRADING MARKET AND PRICE RANGE OF ORIGINAL WARRANTS, AMENDED WARRANTS AND COMMON STOCK

There is no established trading market for the Original Warrants or the Amended Warrants.

Prior to February 15, 2012, our common stock was available for trading in the over-the-counter market and was quoted on the OTCQB and the OTCBB under the symbol “RERR.” From February 15, 2012 through October 7, 2012, our stock traded under the symbol “ONVO” and was quoted on the OTCQB. Commencing on October 8, 2012, our stock traded under the symbol “ONVO” and was quoted on the OTCQX. Prior to February 15, 2012, there was no bid history for the “ONVO” common stock, because the common stock had never been traded.

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The following table sets forth the high and low last-bid prices for our common stock for the periods indicated, as reported by the OTC. The quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission, and may not represent actual transactions.

Trades in our common stock may be subject to Rule 15g-9 of the Exchange Act, which imposes requirements on broker/dealers who sell securities subject to the rule to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. For transactions covered by the rule, broker/dealers must make a special suitability determination for purchasers of the securities and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction before the sale.

The SEC also has rules that regulate broker/dealer practices in connection with transactions in “penny stocks.” Penny stocks generally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities listed on certain national exchanges, provided that the current price and volume information with respect to transactions in that security is provided by the applicable exchange or system). The penny stock rules require a broker/dealer, before effecting a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document prepared by the SEC that provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock market. The broker/dealer also must provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker/dealer and its salesperson in the transaction, and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account. The bid and offer quotations, and the broker/dealer and salesperson compensation information, must be given to the customer orally or in writing before effecting the transaction, and must be given to the customer in writing before or with the customer’s confirmation. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity in the secondary market for shares of our common stock. As a result of these rules, investors may find it difficult to sell their shares.

SECTION 13. SOURCE AND AMOUNT OF FUNDS

Because this transaction is solely an offer to holders to amend their outstanding Original Warrants, there are no funds or other consideration being paid to participants. The Company will use its existing working capital to pay the fees and expenses associated with this Offer to Amend and Exercise.

SECTION 14. TRANSACTIONS AND AGREEMENTS CONCERNING ORIGINAL WARRANTS

Except with respect to the Warrant Agent Agreement described in Item 8(b) of the Summary Term Sheet, none of our directors or executive officers participated in any transaction involving the Original Warrants during the past 60 days.

SECTION 15. INFORMATION REGARDING THE COMPANY

The following summary highlights selected information regarding the Company. Because it is a summary, it does not contain all of the information you should consider before making a decision to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise or exercise your Amended Warrant. Before making an investment decision, you should read the entire Offer to Amend and Exercise carefully, including the “Risk Factors” section above.

Overview

We have developed and are commercializing a platform technology for the generation of three-dimensional (3D) human tissues that can be employed in drug discovery and development, biological research, and as

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therapeutic implants for the treatment of damaged or degenerating tissues and organs. We intend to introduce a paradigm shift in the approach to the generation of three-dimensional human tissues, by creation of constructs in 3D that have the potential to replicate native human biology. We can improve on previous technologies by moving away from monolayer 2D cell cultures and by enabling all or part of the tissues we create to be constructed solely of cells. We believe our expertise in printing small-diameter, fully cellular human blood vessels in vitro provides a strong foundation upon which other tissues can be built to replicate human biology and human disease. We believe that our broad and exclusive commercial rights to patented and patent-pending 3D bioprinting technology, combined with strengths in engineering and biology, put us in an ideal position to provide a wide array of products for use in research, drug discovery and regenerative medicine therapies.

Our foundational proprietary technology derives from research led by Dr. Gabor Forgacs, a Professor of Biophysics at the University of Missouri. We have a broad portfolio of intellectual property rights covering principles, enabling instrumentation applications and methods of cell based printing, including exclusive licenses to certain patented and patent pending technologies from the University of Missouri-Columbia and Clemson University, and outright ownership of six pending patent applications (the patents and patent rights described in this paragraph are sometimes collectively referred to as the “Intellectual Property Rights”). We believe that our portfolio of Intellectual Property Rights provides a strong and defensible market position for the commercialization of 3D bioprinting technology.

We believe we have the potential to build and maintain a sustainable business by leveraging our core technology platform across a variety of applications. As part of our business strategy we intend to pursue collaboration agreements with drug development companies that will allow us to further develop our 3D bioprinting technology and the potential uses of the cellular structures and tissues that can be produced with our technology. We also plan to develop research products with our 3D bioprinting technology that can be offered to third parties involved in drug discovery. We currently have collaborative research agreements currently in effect with Pfizer, Inc. (“Pfizer”) and United Therapeutic Corporation (“Unither”). As of March 31, 2012, we have also secured five federal grants in the aggregate amount of approximately $955,000 including Small Business Innovation Research grants and developed the NovoGen MMX Bioprinter™ (our first-generation 3D bioprinter) — within two and one half years of opening our first facilities. We believe these corporate achievements provide strong validation for the commercial viability of our technology.

As of September 30, 2012, we had devoted substantially all of our efforts to product development, raising capital and building infrastructure. We did not, as of that date, realize significant revenues from our planned principal operations. Accordingly, we are considered to be in the development stage.

The Technology

Our technology is centered around a core 3D bioprinting method, represented by our bioprinting instrument, the NovoGen MMX Bioprinter™. The 3D bioprinting technology enables a wide array of tissue compositions and architectures to be created, using combinations of cellular ‘bio-ink’ (building blocks comprised solely of cells), hydrogel (building blocks comprised of biocompatible gels), or hybrid ‘bio-ink’ (building blocks comprised of a mixture of cells and material such as hydrogel). A key distinguishing feature of our bioprinting platform is the ability to generate three-dimensional constructs that have all or some of their components comprised entirely of cells. The fully-cellular feature of our technology enables architecturally- and compositionally-defined 3D human tissues to be generated for in vitro use in drug discovery and development to potentially replicate the functional biology of a solid, fully cellular tissue. Furthermore, fully cellular constructs may offer specific advantages for regenerative medicine applications where bioactive cells are required and three-dimensional configuration is necessary, such as augmenting or replacing functional mass in tissues and organs that have sustained acute or chronic damage.

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We plan to develop research products with our 3D bioprinting technology that can be offered to third parties involved in drug discovery. We intend to deliver the following products to the market:

As part of our business strategy we intend to pursue collaboration agreements with drug development companies that will allow us to further develop our 3D bioprinting technology and the potential uses of the cellular structures and tissues that can be produced with our technology. We currently have a collaborative research agreement with Pfizer to develop specific three-dimensional tissue models. We are engaged in the development of specific 3D human tissues to aid Pfizer in discovery of successful therapies in two areas of interest. In addition, in October 2011, we entered into a research agreement with Unither to establish and conduct a research program to discover treatments for pulmonary hypertension using our NovoGen MMX Bioprinter™ technology.

Market Opportunity

We believe that our bioprinting technology is uniquely positioned to provide three-dimensional human tissues for use in drug discovery and development as well as a broad array of tissues suitable for therapeutic use in regenerative medicine applications. While there are rapid-prototyping printers currently available that build three-dimensional structures out of polymers (often used for prototyping of plastic parts for tools or devices), these instruments are not specifically designed or intended for use with purely cellular inks in building biologic tissues and we do not believe that the firms working on these instruments have the required biology expertise to create tissues using these instruments at this time. There are multiple markets addressable by our technology platform:

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Corporate Background

Real Estate Restoration and Rental, Inc. (“RERR”), our predecessor company, was incorporated in 2007 in the State of Nevada. On December 28, 2011, RERR entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger pursuant to which RERR merged with its newly formed, wholly owned subsidiary, Organovo Holdings, Inc. (“Merger Sub”), a Nevada corporation (the “RERR Merger”). Upon the consummation of the RERR Merger, the separate existence of Merger Sub ceased and RERR, the surviving corporation in the RERR Merger, became known as Organovo Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings-Nevada”).

As permitted by Chapter 92A.180 of Nevada Revised Statutes, the sole purpose of the RERR Merger was to effect a change of RERR’s name. Upon the filing of Articles of Merger with the Secretary of State of Nevada on December 28, 2011 to effect the RERR Merger, RERR’s articles of incorporation were deemed amended to reflect the change in RERR’s corporate name.

On January 30, 2012, Holdings-Nevada entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger pursuant to which Holdings-Nevada merged with and into its newly formed, wholly owned subsidiary, Organovo Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings-Delaware” or “Pubco”), a Delaware corporation (the “Reincorporation Merger”). Upon the consummation of the Reincorporation Merger, the separate existence of Holdings-Nevada ceased and Holdings-Delaware was the surviving corporation in the Reincorporation Merger. The sole purpose of the Reincorporation Merger was to change the domicile of Pubco from Nevada to Delaware.

On February 8, 2012, Organovo Acquisition Corp. (“Acquisition Corp.”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pubco, merged (the “Merger”) with and into Organovo, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Organovo”). Organovo was the surviving corporation of that Merger. As a result of the Merger, Pubco acquired the business of Organovo, and will continue the existing business operations of Organovo.

SECTION 16. HISTORICAL AND PRO-FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE COMPANY

The Company has included its financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 and for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2012 attached hereto as Exhibits A and B, respectively. The Company has also included pro forma information reflecting the effect of the Offer to Amend and Exercise below. The Company’s book value per share as of September 30, 2012, based on 46,969,141 shares of common stock outstanding on such date, was ($0.58) per share.

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Pro Forma Financial Data

The following tables present unaudited pro forma condensed financial data for the Company disclosing the effect of the Offer to Amend and Exercise on the Company’s:

(i) balance sheet as of September 30, 2012;

(ii) statement of income and earnings per share for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2012; and

(iii) book value per share as of September 30, 2012.

In preparing this pro forma condensed financial data the Company assumed that all holders of Original Warrants elected to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise for all 14,510,928 warrant shares eligible to participate in such Offer to Amend and Exercise and that the Offer to Amend and Exercise was completed as of the end of the quarterly period ended September 30, 2012. The pro forma condensed financial data is presented for informational and illustrative purposes only. The data does not purport to represent what our consolidated financial data would have been if the Offer to Amend and Exercise was completed for all eligible warrant shares as of September 30, 2012, and the data does not purport to project our future consolidated statement of operations or financial position. Numbers are in thousands, except for share and per share data.

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SECTION 17. INTERESTS OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS IN THE OFFER TO AMEND AND EXERCISE

As of November 13, 2012, there were outstanding Original Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 14,410,928 shares of common stock. The Company’s executive officers, directors and control persons, as described below, hold the following Original Warrants and will be entitled to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise on the same terms and conditions as the other holders of Original Warrants:

Except as set forth above, none of the Company’s other executive officers, directors or control persons hold Original Warrants.

SECTION 18. LEGAL MATTERS AND REGULATORY APPROVALS

We are not aware of any license or regulatory permit material to our business that might be adversely affected by the Offer to Amend and Exercise and the issuance of the shares of common stock upon the exercise of the Amended Warrants. Our obligations under the Offer to Amend and Exercise are subject to the conditions described in Section 6 “Conditions of the Offer to Amend and Exercise” above.

SECTION 19. MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES

The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences that we believe will be applicable to Original Warrant holders who participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise. However, we have not requested a ruling from the IRS or any opinion of counsel with regard to the treatment of warrant holders participating in the exchange and there can be no assurance, as discussed below, that the IRS will not take a position inconsistent with our expectations.

This discussion does not address all aspects of federal income taxation that may be relevant to you in light of your particular circumstances, or to those Original Warrant holders who are subject to special rules, such as financial institutions and mutual funds; banks; insurance companies; investment companies; retirement plans; tax-exempt organizations; dealers or traders in securities; any person that holds their Original Warrants as part of a straddle or hedge arrangement; partnerships or other pass-through entities; persons who are not citizens or residents of the United States or who are foreign corporations, foreign partnerships or foreign estates or trusts for U.S. federal income tax purposes or whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; or persons who are subject to the alternative minimum tax provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”).

This discussion assumes that Original Warrant holders hold the Original Warrants as capital assets. In addition, the following discussion does not address the tax consequences of the participation in the Offer to Amend and Exercise under foreign, state or local tax laws. You are urged to consult your tax advisors as to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of participating in the Offer to Amend and Exercise and related reporting obligations, as well as the effects of state, local and non-U.S. tax laws and U.S. tax laws other than income tax laws.

Tax treatment of Original Warrant holders participating in the Offer to Amend and Exercise.

Although not free from doubt, the Company intends to take the position that the amendment of your Original Warrants followed by an exercise of the Amended Warrants is treated as an exchange of Original Warrants for

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Amended Warrants which constitutes a recapitalization for U.S. federal income tax purposes, followed by the subsequent exercise of the Amended Warrants. Under this treatment, (i) an Original Warrant holder who participates in the Offer to Amend would not recognize any gain or loss as a result of amending the Original Warrants, (ii) such U.S. holder’s tax basis in the shares of our common stock received upon exercise of the Amended Warrants would be equal to the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the Original Warrants plus the amount of any cash paid to exercise the Amended Warrants, and (iii) the holding period of the common stock would begin on the day after the exercise of the Amended Warrants.

Because of the lack of authority dealing with transactions similar to the Offer to Amend, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Offer to Amend are unclear, and alternative characterizations are possible that could require you to recognize gain or loss or may impact your holding period. The Internal Revenue Service has not made a determination, nor has the Company received any opinion of counsel, on the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Offer to Amend or of a holder’s participation in the Offer to Amend. Therefore, we urge you to consult your tax advisor regarding the potential tax consequences of the Offer to Amend to you in your particular circumstances, including the consequences of possible alternative characterizations.

Distributions on Common Stock Received upon Exercise of New Warrants

After you exercise the Amended Warrant, any distributions you receive in respect of our common stock generally will be treated as a dividend, subject to tax as ordinary income, to the extent payable out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), then as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of your tax basis in the shares of our common stock, and thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of the stock. Dividends received by a non-corporate holder currently qualify for taxation at a reduced 15% rate (subject to increase for tax years beginning after December 31, 2012) if the holder meets certain holding period and other applicable requirements. Dividends received by a corporate holder will be eligible for the dividends-received deduction if the holder meets certain holding period and other applicable requirements.

Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Stock

You will generally recognize gain or loss upon the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of shares of our common stock equal to the difference between (1) the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received and (2) your adjusted tax basis in the shares of our common stock. Any gain or loss you recognize generally will be treated as a capital gain or loss. The capital gain or loss will be long-term if your holding period in the common stock is more than one year at the time of sale, exchange or other taxable disposition and will be short-term if your holding period is one year or less. Long-term capital gains of individuals and other non-corporate taxpayers are generally eligible for reduced rates of taxation. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to certain limitations.

Medicare Tax

For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, certain holders that are individuals, estates or trusts will be subject to a 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, subject to certain exceptions. You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the applicability of the Medicare tax to your income and gains arising from ownership and disposition of our common stock.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Information reporting requirements generally will apply to certain holders with respect to dividends paid on, or, under certain circumstances, the proceeds of a sale, exchange or other disposition of, common stock. Under the Code and applicable Treasury Regulations, a holder of common stock may be subject to backup withholding (currently at a rate of 28%, subject to increase for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012) with respect

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to dividends paid on common stock, or the proceeds of a sale, exchange or disposition of common stock, unless such holder (a) is a corporation or comes within certain other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact in the manner required, or (b) within a reasonable period of time, provides a correct taxpayer identification number, certifies that it is not subject to backup withholding and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will generally be allowed as a credit against a holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. You should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of information reporting and backup withholding rules in their particular situations, the availability of an exemption therefrom, and the procedure for obtaining such an exemption, if applicable.

SECTION 20. ACCOUNTING TREATMENT

Under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), the anti-dilution provisions in the Original Warrants causes the Original Warrants to be treated as a derivative liability. As a result, we must record the Original Warrants at their fair value on each balance sheet date and any change in value between reporting periods must be recorded as other income or expense, as the case may be, for the period ending on such reporting date. The fair value of the derivative liabilities associated with the Original Warrants increases as the price of our common stock increases, resulting in other expense in our consolidated statements of operations, and decreases as the price of our common stock decreases, resulting in other income. In other words, the existence of the anti-dilution provision causes our reported net income to decrease when the price of our common stock increases, and vice versa.

If the Original Warrants are amended and exercised pursuant to the Offer to Amend and Exercise, this effect on our derivate liability will no longer occur for future periods for these warrants. In addition, the exercise price paid for the warrants would be reclassified from liabilities to stockholders’ equity, which would result in a decrease to the derivative liability account included in our balance sheet and an increase in stockholders’ equity.

SECTION 21. FEES AND EXPENSES

The Company has retained Aegis Capital to act as its Warrant Agent for the Offer to Amend and Exercise pursuant to a Warrant Agent Agreement, attached as Exhibit (d)(1) to its Schedule TO. Aegis Capital, in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agent Agreement, shall use reasonable commercial efforts to contact holders of the Original Warrants by mail, telephone, facsimile, or other electronic means and solicit their participation in the Offer to Amend and Exercise and to exercise their Amended Warrants. Aegis Capital will receive a fee equal to 2% of the aggregate cash exercise price paid by holders of the Original Warrants who participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise. In addition, the Company has agreed to reimburse Aegis Capital for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses and attorney’s fees, including a $35,000 non-accountable expense allowance. If such expenses and fees exceed $35,000, Aegis Capital must thereafter provide invoices to the Company prior to seeking reimbursement and must obtain the Company’s prior approval for any individual expenses in excess of $2,500. The Company has agreed to indemnify Aegis Capital against certain liabilities in connection with the Offer to Amend and Exercise, including certain liabilities under the federal securities laws.

SECTION 22. TRANSFERS

The terms of the Original Warrants provide that a holder may transfer the Original Warrants to a third party if the transfer qualifies for an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act to the reasonable satisfaction of the Company. Any holder of an Original Warrant who desires to transfer an Original Warrant should contact the Company prior to such transfer to ensure that the planned transfer satisfies the transfer restrictions set forth in the Original Warrants.

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SECTION 23. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The Company has filed with the SEC a Tender Offer Statement on Schedule TO of which this Offer to Amend and Exercise is a part. This Offer to Amend and Exercise does not contain all of the information contained in the Schedule TO and the exhibits to the Schedule TO. We recommend that holders of the Original Warrants review the Schedule TO, including the exhibits, and the Company’s other materials that have been filed with the SEC before making a decision on whether to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise and to exercise the Amended Warrants.

The Board of Directors of the Company recognizes that the decision to participate in the Offer to Amend and Exercise and to exercise the Amended Warrants is an individual one that should be based on a variety of factors. The holders of the Original Warrants should consult with their respective professional advisors if they have questions about their financial or tax situation. The information about this Offer to Amend and Exercise from the Company is limited to the Offering Materials.

The Company issued the Original Warrants in private placement transactions in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Rule 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). In connection with such transactions, the holders of the Original Warrants represented that they were “accredited investors.” The Company has included with this Offer to Amend and Exercise an exhibit titled “Supplemental Company Information” that contains additional information that holders of Original Warrants, if any, who are no longer an “accredited investors” should consider before making an investment decision.

The Company is subject to the information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and in accordance therewith files and furnishes reports and other information with the SEC. All reports and other documents the Company has filed with the SEC, including the Schedule TO relating to the Offer to Amend and Exercise, or will file with the SEC in the future, can be accessed electronically on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

SECTION 24. INFORMATION REQUESTS

Please direct questions or requests for assistance regarding this Offer to Amend and Exercise, Election to Participate and Exercise Warrant, and Notice of Withdrawal or other materials, in writing, to the Warrant Agent — Aegis Capital Corp., 810 7th Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10019; Attn: Adam K. Stern, Head of Private Equity Banking, telephone (646) 502-2401.

Please direct requests for additional copies of this Offer to Amend and Exercise, Election to Participate and Exercise Warrant, and Notice of Withdrawal or other materials, in writing, to the Company — Organovo Holdings, Inc., 6275 Nancy Ridge Dr., San Diego, California 92121; Attn: Corporate Secretary.

37

EXHIBIT A

Organovo, Inc.

(A development stage company)

Balance Sheets

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

A-1

Organovo, Inc.

(A development stage company)

Statements of Operations

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

A-2

Organovo, Inc.

(A development stage company)

Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

Period from April 19, 2007 (Inception) through December 31, 2011

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

A-3

Organovo, Inc.

(A development stage company)

Statements of Cash Flows