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Irsa Investments & Representations Inc · 20-F · For 6/30/03

Filed On 12/30/03 2:50pm ET   ·   SEC File 1-13542   ·   Accession Number 1193125-3-100317

  in   Show  and 
  As Of               Filer                 Filing     As/For/On Docs:Pgs              Issuer               Agent

12/30/03  Irsa Investments & Represent..Inc 20-F        6/30/03    1:760                                    RR Donnelley/FA

Annual Report of a Foreign Private Issuer   ·   Form 20-F
Filing Table of Contents

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: 20-F        Annual Report of a Foreign Private Issuer           HTML  5,433K 


Document Table of Contents

Page (sequential) | (alphabetic) Top
 
11st Page
"Table of Contents
"Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Information
"Certain Measurements and Terms
"Presentation of Financial and Certain Other Information
"Market Data
"Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
"Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
"Key Information
"(a) Selected Financial Data
"(b) Capitalization and Indebtedness
"(c) Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
"(d) Risk Factors
"Information on the Company
"(a) History and Development of IRSA
"(b) Business Overview
"(c) Organizational Structure
"(d) Property, Plants and Equipment
"Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
"(a) Consolidated Operating Results
"(b) Liquidity and Capital Resources
"(c) Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc
"(d) Trend Information
"(e) Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
"(f) Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
"(g) Safe Harbor
"Directors, Senior Management and Employees
"(a) Directors and Senior Management
"(b) Compensation
"(c) Board Practices
"(d) Employees
"(e) Share Ownership
"Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
"(a) Major Shareholders
"(b) Related Party Transactions
"(c) Interests of Experts and Counsel
"Financial Information
"(a) Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
"(b) Significant Changes in Interim Period
"The Offer and Listing Details
"(a) Information on the Listing of our Stock
"(b) Plan of Distribution
"(c) Markets
"(d) Selling Shareholders
"(e) Dilution
"(f) Expenses of the Issue
"Additional Information
"(a) Share Capital
"(b) Memorandum and Articles of Association
"(c) Material Contracts
"(d) Exchange Controls
"(e) Taxation
"(f) Dividends and Paying Agents
"(g) Statements by Experts
"(h) Documents on Display
"(i) Subsidiary Information
"Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
"Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
"Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
"Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
"Controls and Procedures
"(a) Audit Committee Financial Expert
"(b) Code of Ethics
"(c) Principal Accountant Fees and Services
"(d) Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
"Financial Statements
"Exhibits
"Signature
"Report of Independent Auditors
"Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2003 and 2002
"Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended June 30, 2003, 2002 and 2001
"Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders Equity for the years ended June 30, 2003, 2002 and 2001
"Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended June 30, 2003, 2002 and 2001
"Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

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  Form 20-F  
Table of Contents

United States

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 20-F

 


 

¨ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

OR

 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended: June 30, 2003

 

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from              to             

 

Commission file number: 1-13542

 


 

IRSA INVERSIONES Y REPRESENTACIONES SOCIEDAD ANÓNIMA

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

IRSA INVESTMENTS AND REPRESENTATIONS INC.

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

 


 

Republic of Argentina

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

 

Bolívar 108

(C1066AAB) Buenos Aires

Argentina

(Address of principal executive offices)

 


 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class


 

Name of each exchange on which registered


Global Depositary Shares, each representing
ten shares of Common Stock
  New York Stock Exchange
Common Stock, par value one Peso per share   New York Stock Exchange*

 


 

* Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of Global Depositary Shares, pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

 

The number of outstanding shares of the issuer’s common stock as of June 30, 2003 was 212,184,281

 


 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes   x    No   ¨

 

Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the Registrant has elected to follow.    Item 17   ¨    Item 18   x

 


 


Table of Contents

 Table of Contents

 

IRSA INVERSIONES Y REPRESENTACIONES SOCIEDAD ANÓNIMA

 

     Page No.

Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Information

   4

Certain Measurements and Terms

   4

Presentation of Financial and Certain Other Information

   5

Market Data

   7
     Part I     

Item 1

  

Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

   8

Item 2

  

Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

   8

Item 3

  

Key Information

   8
    

(a) Selected Financial Data

   8
    

(b) Capitalization and Indebtedness

   13
    

(c) Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

   13
    

(d) Risk Factors

   13

Item 4

  

Information on the Company

   31
    

(a) History and Development of IRSA

   31
    

(b) Business Overview

   33
    

(c) Organizational Structure

   60
    

(d) Property, Plants and Equipment

   62

Item 5

  

Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

   63
    

(a) Consolidated Operating Results

   63
    

(b) Liquidity and Capital Resources

   88
    

(c) Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc

   97
    

(d) Trend Information

   97
    

(e) Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

   98
    

(f) Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

   99
    

(g) Safe Harbor

   99

Item 6

  

Directors, Senior Management and Employees

   99
    

(a) Directors and Senior Management

   99
    

(b) Compensation

   103
    

(c) Board Practices

   105
    

(d) Employees

   106
    

(e) Share Ownership

   107

Item 7

  

Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

   108
    

(a) Major Shareholders

   108
    

(b) Related Party Transactions

   109

 

2


Table of Contents
    

(c) Interests of Experts and Counsel

   112

Item 8

  

Financial Information

   112
    

(a) Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

   112
    

(b) Significant Changes in Interim Period

   116

Item 9

  

The Offer and Listing Details

   117
    

(a) Information on the Listing of our Stock

   117
    

(b) Plan of Distribution

   119
    

(c) Markets

   119
    

(d) Selling Shareholders

   123
    

(e) Dilution

   123
    

(f) Expenses of the Issue

   123

Item 10

  

Additional Information

   123
    

(a) Share Capital

   123
    

(b) Memorandum and Articles of Association

   123
    

(c) Material Contracts

   128
    

(d) Exchange Controls

   128
    

(e) Taxation

   129
    

(f) Dividends and Paying Agents

   135
    

(g) Statements by Experts

   135
    

(h) Documents on Display

   135
    

(i) Subsidiary Information

   136

Item 11

  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

   136

Item 12

  

Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

   138
     Part II     

Item 13

  

Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

   139

Item 14

  

Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

   139

Item 15

  

Controls and Procedures

   141

Item 16

  

(a) Audit Committee Financial Expert

   141
    

(b) Code of Ethics

   141
    

(c) Principal Accountant Fees and Services

   141
    

(d) Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

   141
     Part III     

Item 17

  

Financial Statements

   142

Item 18

  

Financial Statements

   142

Item 19

  

[Exhibits]

   142
    

Signature

   143

 

3


Table of Contents

 DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

 

This annual report contains or incorporates by reference statements that constitute “forward-looking statements,” regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of our directors and officers with respect to our future operating performance. Such statements include any forecasts, projections and descriptions of anticipated cost savings or other synergies. Words such as “anticipate”, “expect”, “intend”, “plan”, “believe”, “seek”, “estimate”, variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. You should be aware that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and may involve risks and uncertainties, and that actual results may differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors (including, without limitations, the actions of competitors, future global economic conditions, market conditions, foreign exchange rates, and operating and financial risks related to managing growth and integrating acquired businesses), many of which are beyond our control. The occurrence of any such factors not currently expected by us would significantly alter the results set forth in these statements.

 

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely include, but are not limited to:

 

  changes in general economic, business or political or other conditions in Argentina or changes in general economic or business conditions in Latin America;

 

  changes in capital markets in general that may affect policies or attitudes toward lending to Argentina or Argentine companies;

 

  changes in exchange rates or regulations applicable to currency exchanges or transfers;

 

  unexpected developments in certain existing litigation;

 

  increased costs;

 

  unanticipated increases in financing and other costs or the inability to obtain additional debt or equity financing on attractive terms; and

 

  the factors discussed under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 13.

 

You should not place undue reliance on such statements, which speak only as of the date that they were made. Our independent public accountants have not examined or compiled the forward-looking statements and, accordingly, do not provide any assurance with respect to such statements. These cautionary statements should be considered in connection with any written or oral forward-looking statements that we might issue in the future. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to such forward-looking statements after filing of this Form to reflect later events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

 

 CERTAIN MEASUREMENTS AND TERMS

 

As used throughout this annual report, the terms “IRSA,” the “company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to IRSA Inversiones y Representaciones Sociedad Anónima, together with our consolidated subsidiaries, except where we make clear that such terms refer only to the parent company.

 

In Argentina the standard measure of area in the real estate market is the square meter (m2), while in the United States and certain other jurisdictions, the standard measure of area is the square foot (sq. ft.). All units of area shown in this annual report (e.g., gross leasable area of buildings and size of undeveloped land) are expressed in terms of square meters. One square meter is equal to approximately 10.764 square feet. One hectare is equal to approximately 10,000 square meters and approximately 2.47 acres.

 

4


Table of Contents

As used herein:

 

  “GLA or gross leasable area”, in the case of offices and other rental properties, refers to the total leasable area of the units in each property in which we own an interest, irrespective of our ownership interest in such units and excluding common and parking areas;

 

  “GLA or gross leasable area”, in the case of shopping centers, refers to the total leasable area of the property, irrespective of our ownership interest in such property (excluding common areas and parking);

 

  “net leasable area”, refers to the “gross leasable area” of the units in each property in which we own an interest, adjusted to give effect to our ownership interest in such units;

 

  “GSA or gross salable area”, in the case of development properties refers to the total area of the units or undeveloped land in each property in which we own an interest, held for sale upon completion of development and prior to the sale of any units, irrespective of our ownership interest in such property (including parking areas and storage facilities but excluding common areas);

 

  “GSA or gross salable area”, in the case of undeveloped parcels of land, refers to the total area of undeveloped property, irrespective of our ownership interest in such property (including parking areas and storage facilities but excluding common areas);

 

  “net salable area”, in the case of development properties, refers to the total area of the units or undeveloped land in each property in which we own an interest held for sale upon completion of development and prior to the sale of any units;

 

  “net salable area”, in the case of undeveloped parcels of land, refers to total area of undeveloped property, adjusted to give effect to our ownership interest and includes parking areas and storage facilities but excludes common areas.

 

 PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND CERTAIN OTHER INFORMATION

 

In this annual report, references to “US$” and “U.S. dollars” are to United States dollars, and references to “Ps.”, “Peso” or “Pesos” are to Argentine Pesos.

 

This annual report contains our audited consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2003 and 2002 and for the years ended June 30, 2003, 2002 and 2001. Our consolidated financial statements have been audited by Price Waterhouse & Co., independent auditors, whose report is included herein.

 

Except as discussed in the following paragraph, we prepare our consolidated financial statements in Pesos and in conformity with Argentine GAAP and the regulations of the Comisión Nacional de Valores, which differ in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Such differences involve methods of measuring the amounts shown in the financial statements, as well as additional disclosures required by U.S. GAAP and Regulation S-X of the SEC. See Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this annual report for a description of the principal differences between Argentine GAAP and U.S. GAAP, as they relate to us, and reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net (loss) income and shareholders’ equity.

 

As discussed in Note 4.o. to our financial statements, contained elsewhere in this annual report, in order to comply with regulations of the Comisión Nacional de Valores, we recognized deferred income tax assets and liabilities on a non-discounted basis. This accounting practice represents a departure from generally accepted accounting principles in Argentina. However, such departure has not had a material effect on the accompanying financial statements.

 

Additionally, as discussed in Notes 3.c. to our consolidated financial statements, contained elsewhere in this annual report, after considering inflation levels for the second half of 2002 and the first months of 2003, on March 25, 2003, the Argentine government repealed the provisions of the previous

 

5


Table of Contents

decree related to the inflation adjustment and instructed the Comisión Nacional de Valores to issue the necessary regulations to preclude companies under its supervision from presenting price-level restated financial statements. Therefore, on April 8, 2003, the Comisión Nacional de Valores issued a resolution providing for the discontinuance of inflation accounting as of March 1, 2003. The Company complied with the Comisión Nacional de Valores resolution and accordingly recorded the effects of inflation until February 28, 2003. Comparative figures were also restated until that date, using a conversion factor of 1.1237.

 

Since Argentine GAAP still required companies to prepare price-level restated financial statements, the application of the Comisión Nacional de Valores resolution represents a departure from generally accepted accounting principles. However, such a departure has not have a material effect on the accompanying financial statements.

 

As a result this, our consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of general price-level accounting which reflects changes in the purchasing power of the Peso until February 28, 2003 in our historical financial statements using changes in the Argentine wholesale price index, as published by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, as follows:

 

  we have adjusted non-monetary items and consolidated statements of income amounts to reflect the then current general purchasing power;

 

  we have not adjusted monetary items as such items were, by their nature, stated in terms of current general purchasing power in our consolidated financial statements;

 

  we have recognized monetary gains or losses in our consolidated statements of income, reflecting the effect of holding monetary items, and

 

  we have included the gain or loss on exposure to inflation (monetary gain or loss) in our consolidated statements of income within total financing results.

 

As a result of the increase in the ownership interest and the consolidation of our subsidiary Alto Palermo S.A. (“APSA”) in 2003, we discontinued the application of the proportional consolidation method that was used for reporting results of our jointly controlled subsidiaries in prior years. Therefore, we have restated our prior years financial statements and data to reflect such investments under the equity method of accounting.

 

Also contained elsewhere in this annual report are the consolidated financial statements of Alto Palermo Sociedad Anónima (APSA) (“APSA”), as of June 30, 2003 and 2002 and for the years ended June 30, 2003, 2002 and 2001, which have been audited by Price Waterhouse & Co., member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers, independent auditors, whose report is included elsewhere herein. At June 30, 2002 we owned 49.7% of APSA. At June 30, 2002, we owned 54.79 % of APSA.

 

Except as discussed in the following paragraph, APSA prepares its financial statements in conformity with Argentine GAAP which differ in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Such differences involve methods of measuring the amounts shown in the consolidated financial statements, as well as additional disclosures required by U.S. GAAP and Regulation S-X of the SEC. See Note 17 to APSA’s consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this annual report for a description of the principal differences between Argentine GAAP and U.S. GAAP, as they relate to APSA, and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net (loss) income and shareholders’ equity.

 

As discussed in Notes 3.c. to APSA´s consolidated financial statements, contained elsewhere in this annual report, in order to comply with regulations of the Comisión Nacional de Valores, APSA discontinued inflation accounting as of March 1, 2003. This accounting practice represents a departure from generally accepted accounting principles in Argentina. However, such departure has not had a material effect on its financial statements.

 

6


Table of Contents

Certain amounts which appear in this annual report (including percentage amounts) may not sum due to rounding. You should not construe the translations as a representation that the amounts shown could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at that or any other rate.

 

References to fiscal years 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 are to the fiscal years ended June 30 of each such year.

 

 MARKET DATA

 

Market data used throughout this annual report were derived from reports prepared by unaffiliated third-party sources. Such reports generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed by such sources to be reliable. Certain market data which appear herein (including percentage amounts) may not sum due to rounding.

 

 

7


Table of Contents

PART I

 

 ITEM 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

 

This item is not applicable.

 

 ITEM 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

 

This item is not applicable.

 

 ITEM 3. Key Information

 

 A. Selected financial data

 

The following selected consolidated financial data has been derived from our consolidated financial statements as of the dates and for each of the periods indicated below. This information should be read in conjunction with and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our consolidated financial statements and the discussion in Operating and Financial Review and Prospects included elsewhere in this annual report. The selected consolidated statement of income data for the years ended June 30, 2003, 2002 and 2001 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2003 and 2002 have been derived from our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report which have been audited by Price Waterhouse & Co., Buenos Aires, Argentina, independent auditors.

 

As discussed in Notes 3.d. to our consolidated financial statements, contained elsewhere in this annual report, on January 14, 2003, the Consejo Profesional de Ciencias Económicas de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (“CPCECABA”) and the Comisión Nacional de Valores approved, with certain amendments, Technical Resolutions No. 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 issued by the Federación Argentina de Consejos Profesional en Ciencias Económicas (“FACPCE”), which establish new accounting and disclosure principles under Argentine GAAP. The consolidated statements of income data for the years ended June 30, 2000 and 1999 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2001, 2000 and 1999 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included herein, which have been restated to give retroactive effect to the recently adopted accounting standard, except for certain valuation and disclosure criteria that in accordance with the transition provisions have been applied for prospectively.

 

Our financial statements are presented in Pesos. Except as discussed in the following paragraph, our financial statements are prepared in accordance with Argentine GAAP, which differs in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements provides a description of the principal differences between Argentine GAAP and U.S. GAAP affecting our net (loss) income and shareholders’ equity and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net (loss) income reported under Argentine GAAP for the years ended June 30, 2003, 2002 and 2001, and of shareholders’ equity reported under Argentine GAAP as of June 30, 2003 and 2002. The differences involve methods of measuring the amounts shown in the financial statements as well as additional disclosures required by U.S. GAAP and Regulation S-X of the SEC.

 

As discussed in Note 4.o. to our financial statements, contained elsewhere in this annual report, in order to comply with regulations of the Comisión Nacional de Valores, we recognized deferred income tax assets and liabilities on a non-discounted basis. This accounting practice represents a departure from generally accepted accounting principles in Argentina. However we believe that such departure has not had a material effect on our financial statements.

 

Additionally, as discussed in Notes 3.c. to our consolidated financial statements, contained elsewhere in this annual report, after considering inflation levels for the second half of 2002 and the first months of 2003, on March 25, 2003, the Argentine government repealed the provisions of the previous

 

8


Table of Contents

decree related to the inflation adjustment and instructed the Comisión Nacional de Valores to issue the necessary regulations to preclude companies under its supervision from presenting price-level restated financial statements. Therefore, on April 8, 2003, the Comisión Nacional de Valores issued a resolution providing for the discontinuance of inflation accounting as of March 1, 2003. The Company complied with the Comisión Nacional de Valores resolution and accordingly recorded the effects of inflation until February 28, 2003. Comparative figures were also restated until that date, using a conversion factor of 1.1237.

 

Since Argentine GAAP still required companies to prepare price-level restated financial statements, the application of the Comisión Nacional de Valores resolution represents a departure from generally accepted accounting principles. However, such a departure has not have a material effect on the accompanying financial statements.

 

As a result of this, our consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of general price-level accounting which reflects changes in the purchasing power of the Peso until February 28, 2003 in our historical financial statements using changes in the Argentine wholesale price index, as published by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, as follows:

 

  we have adjusted non-monetary items and consolidated statements of income amounts to reflect the then-current general purchasing power;

 

  we have not adjusted monetary items, as such items were by their nature stated in terms of current general purchasing power in our consolidated financial statements;

 

  we have recognized monetary gains or losses in our consolidated statements of income, reflecting the effect of holding monetary items; and

 

  we have included the gain or loss on exposure to inflation (monetary gain or loss) in our consolidated statements of income within total financing results.

 

As a result of the increase in the ownership interest and the consolidation of our subsidiary APSA in 2003, we discontinued the application of the proportional consolidation method that was used for reporting results of our jointly controlled subsidiaries in prior years. Therefore, we have restated our prior years financial statements and data to reflect such investments under the equity method of accounting.

 

Certain amounts which appear in this annual report (including percentage amounts) may not sum due to rounding. You should not construe the translations as a representation that the amounts shown could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at that or any other rate.

 

9


Table of Contents
     As of and for the Year Ended June 30,

 
     2003

    2003

    2002

    2001

    2000

    1999

 
     (US$ 000) (1)     (Ps.000) (2)     (Ps.000) (2)     (Ps.000) (2)     (Ps.000) (2)     (Ps.000) (2)  

INCOME STATEMENT DATA

                                    

Argentine GAAP

                                    

Sales

   76,048     212,935     137,640     224,665     256,608     305,397  

Costs

   (51,054 )   (142,950 )   (84,093 )   (125,155 )   (131,766 )   (158,124 )

Gross profit

   24,994     69,985     53,547     99,510     124,842     147,273  

Selling expenses

   (9,137 )   (25,583 )   (11,281 )   (22,279 )   (22,624 )   (25,278 )

Administrative expenses

   (14,902 )   (41,725 )   (32,057 )   (39,996 )   (47,373 )   (42,245 )

Gain on purchasers rescissions of sales contracts

   3     9     —       —       —       —    

Loss in credit card trust

   (1,456 )   (4,077 )   —       —       —       —    

Gain (loss) from operations and holdings of real estate assets, net (3)

   7,681     21,507     (46,840 )   (7,127 )   (3,029 )   956  

Operating income (loss)

   7,183     20,116     (36,631 )   30,108     51,816     80,706  

Amortization of goodwill

   (2,367 )   (6,631 )   —       —       —       —    

Equity (loss) gain from related parties

   (4,599 )   (12,877 )   102     847     23,332     47,765  

Financial results, net

   112,659     315,445     (505,757 )   (99,408