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Advertising Com · S-1 · On 4/2/04

Filed On 4/2/04 4:56pm ET   ·   SEC File 333-114172   ·   Accession Number 1193125-4-56353

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Registration Statement (General Form)   ·   Form S-1
Filing Table of Contents

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: S-1         Registration Statement (General Form)               HTML  1,217K 
 2: EX-4.2      Instrument Defining the Rights of Security Holders  HTML     77K 
 3: EX-4.3      Instrument Defining the Rights of Security Holders  HTML    271K 
 4: EX-10.1     Material Contract                                   HTML    157K 
 5: EX-10.3     Material Contract                                   HTML    113K 
 6: EX-10.4     Material Contract                                   HTML    123K 
 7: EX-23.2     Consent of Experts or Counsel                       HTML      6K 


S-1   ·   Registration Statement (General Form)
Document Table of Contents

Page (sequential) | (alphabetic) Top
 
11st Page
"Prospectus Summary
"Risk Factors
"Use of Proceeds
"Dividend Policy
"Capitalization
"Dilution
"Selected Consolidated Financial Data
"Management s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
"Business
"Certain Relationships and Transactions
"Principal Stockholders
"Description of Capital Stock
"Shares Eligible for Future Sale
"Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Holders of Common Stock
"Underwriting
"Legal Matters
"Experts
"Change in Independent Accountants
"Where to Find Additional Information
"Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
"Table of Contents

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  FORM S-1  
Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 2, 2004

Registration No. 333-          

 


SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

 


 

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

Under

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 


 

ADVERTISING.COM, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

Maryland   7319   52-2121493
(State or other jurisdiction of   (Primary Standard Industrial   (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)   Classification Code Number)   Identification No.)

 

1020 Hull Street

Ivory Building

Baltimore, MD 21230

(410) 244-1370

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive office)

 


 

Scott A. Ferber

Chief Executive Officer

Advertising.com, Inc.

1020 Hull Street

Ivory Building

Baltimore, MD 21230

(410) 244-1370

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 


 

Copies to:

 

Michael C. Williams

Joseph G. Connolly, Jr.

Hogan & Hartson L.L.P.

555 Thirteenth Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20004-1109

(202) 637-5600

 

Mark G. Borden

Brent B. Siler

Hale and Dorr LLP

1455 Pennsylvania Ave, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20004

(202) 942-8400

 


 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:    As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

 

If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, check the following box.    ¨

 

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    ¨

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    ¨

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    ¨

 

If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box.    ¨

 


 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 



Title of each class of

securities to be registered

  Proposed maximum
aggregate offering price(1)
 

Amount of

registration fee


Common Stock, $.01 par value per share

  $100,000,000   $12,670


(1) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act.

 


 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 



Table of Contents

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Subject To Completion. Dated April 2, 2004.

 

             Shares

 

Picture -- LOGO

 

Common Stock

 


 

This is an initial public offering of shares of common stock of Advertising.com, Inc. All of the              shares of common stock are being sold by us.

 

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. It is currently estimated that the initial public offering price per share will be between $         and $        . Application has been made for quotation on The Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “ADCM.”

 

See “Risk Factors” on page 6 to read about factors you should consider before buying shares of our common stock.

 


 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 


 

     Per Share

     Total

Initial public offering price

   $                       $                     

Underwriting discount

   $        $  

Proceeds, before expenses, to Advertising.com, Inc.

   $        $  

 

To the extent that the underwriters sell more than              shares of our common stock, the underwriters have the option to purchase up to an additional              shares from us at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discount.

 


 

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares against payment in New York, New York on                         , 2004.

 

Goldman, Sachs & Co.

Deutsche Bank Securities

Piper Jaffray

 

Prospectus dated                 , 2004.


Table of Contents

 

 PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

 

The following is a brief summary of selected contents of this prospectus. It does not contain all the information that may be important to you. You should read the entire prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” before making an investment decision. Unless otherwise indicated, the terms “Advertising.com,” the “company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Advertising.com and its subsidiaries.

 

Our Company

 

Advertising.com is a leading provider of results-based interactive marketing services. The results we deliver benefit both advertisers and interactive publishers, such as websites and search engines. We develop, target and place web, search engine and email marketing campaigns under which advertisers pay us only if we deliver the results they specify, such as customer purchases or leads. We deliver these services through our network of advertising space, known as inventory, that we purchase from interactive publishers. For publishers, we are a significant and consistent buyer of large quantities of inventory, primarily at fixed prices with no performance or other contingencies. Using our proprietary AdLearn yield management and optimization technology, we automatically match our advertisers’ campaigns to our inventory in a manner designed to maximize the revenues produced by our network.

 

As estimated by comScore Media Metrix, advertisements we delivered across our web inventory alone reached 70% of all U.S. web users in February 2004. In that month, our network was estimated to be the largest third-party Internet advertising network in the United States, as tracked and defined by comScore Media Metrix.

 

Market Opportunity

 

Advertisers desire a measurable return on their marketing investment. The Internet, as an advertising medium, gives them the potential to obtain direct information about consumers’ responses to advertisements. It also enables advertisers to reach large audiences with targeted messages in a cost-effective manner. IDC, a market research firm, projected that the percentage of U.S. households with Internet access will grow from 58% in 2003 to 73% in 2006. However, correlating online advertising expenditures to identifiable consumer actions remains challenging, due largely to the prevalence of the traditional cost-per-thousand impressions pricing model, which only measures the number of advertisements shown without regard to their effectiveness. We believe this has led to the emergence of results-based pricing models, such as cost-per-action and cost-per-click.

 

Our Strengths

 

Since our founding, our business has been the delivery of measurable results to Internet advertisers. In 2003 alone, the advertisements we delivered generated over 60 million consumer actions, primarily purchases, registrations and requests for information.

 

Our ability to deliver effective results-based interactive marketing services is based on the following strengths:

 

Network reach. The size and diversity of our network enhance our ability to reach the consumer segments that are most likely to respond to advertisements placed on our network. As the volume of our network inventory grows, our ability to reach specific audiences with targeted messages improves.

 

AdLearn technology. We have developed a proprietary technology that uses the results of prior advertising campaigns to select and schedule the optimal advertisements for our inventory. As the number of advertising campaigns executed increases and our network inventory grows, AdLearn’s ability to predict the most effective advertising placements improves.

 

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Interactive marketing experience. Over the past five years, we have acquired data and expertise that enhance our ability to plan, price, execute and evaluate interactive marketing programs that meet our advertisers’ specific objectives.

 

Publisher relationships. We are able to secure the volume and quality of advertising inventory necessary to support our marketing services by offering interactive publishers primarily fixed-rate pricing. We believe this provides them with greater predictability than arrangements that subject their return to advertising performance risk.

 

Our Strategy

 

Our objective is to be the leading provider of results-based interactive marketing services for advertisers and publishers. Specific elements of our strategy include:

 

Aggressively pursue new advertiser clients. We intend to expand our client base by aggressively pursuing advertisers seeking to obtain measurable results from their marketing efforts.

 

Increase revenues from existing advertiser clients. We will seek to increase revenues from our advertiser clients by selling them additional products and services designed to further increase the return from their interactive marketing investment.

 

Aggressively add new publisher inventory to our network. We intend to expand our network by aggressively pursuing new advertising inventory from our existing publishers as well as pursuing new publishers.

 

Develop new products and services. We plan to increase our research and development efforts in order to add new products and services that respond to emerging market opportunities and changing advertiser demands.

 

Continue to develop new technologies. We plan to continue to develop technologies that will enable us to plan and execute more effective interactive advertising programs for our clients.

 

Expand our international presence. We intend to continue to invest in markets based outside of the United States and to expand our service offering for our domestic clients to include advertising on websites directed at international audiences.

 

Company Information

 

We were incorporated in Maryland in August 1998. The address of our principal executive office is 1020 Hull Street, Ivory Building, Baltimore, Maryland 21230 and our telephone number is (410) 244-1370. We maintain a website at www.advertising.com on which we will post all reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 after the closing of this offering. We also will post on this website our key corporate governance documents, including our board committee charters, our ethics policy and our principles of corporate governance. Information on our website is not, however, a part of this prospectus.

 

“ADVERTISING.COM”, “ADLEARN”, “ACE PRO”, “ACE SERVE” and “ACE DIRECT” are our trademarks and “ADLEARN” is our registered trademark in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks, trade names or service marks appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. We do not intend our use or display of other parties’ trademarks, trade names or service marks to imply, and such use or display should not be construed to imply, a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of use by, these other parties.

 

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The Offering

 

Common stock offered by us

             shares

 

Common stock to be outstanding after this offering

             shares

 

Use of proceeds

Our net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $             million, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses of this offering. We will use these net proceeds for working capital, general corporate purposes and possible future acquisitions. As of the date hereof, we have not entered into any acquisition agreement or letter of intent relating to any potential acquisition.

 

Proposed Nasdaq National Market symbol

ADCM

 

The share information in the table above is based on 4,624,051 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2003 and excludes:

 

  Ÿ 2,699,327 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $5.69 per share; and

 

  Ÿ 288,912 shares available for future issuance under our equity incentive plans.

 

Except as otherwise noted, all information in this prospectus:

 

  Ÿ assumes that our shares of common stock will be sold at $         per share, which is the mid-point of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus;

 

  Ÿ assumes the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option;

 

  Ÿ gives effect to the conversion of our outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock into 4,893,898 shares of common stock, which will occur automatically upon the closing of this offering; and

 

  Ÿ does not give effect to a          for one stock split, which will occur prior to the closing of this offering.

 

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Summary Consolidated Financial Data

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

You should read the following summary consolidated financial data together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, and with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included elsewhere in this prospectus. The statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2003, are derived from, and are qualified by reference to, our consolidated financial statements that have been audited by Ernst and Young LLP, our independent auditors, and that are included in this prospectus.

 

We computed unaudited pro forma net income available to common stockholders per share for the year ended December 31, 2003 by using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, including the pro forma effects of the automatic conversion of our convertible preferred stock into shares of common stock effective upon the closing of the offering as if such conversion occurred on January 1, 2003.

 

     Year Ended December 31,

 
     2001

    2002

    2003

 

Statement of Operations Data:

                        

Revenues

   $ 37,979     $ 74,066     $ 132,341  

Cost of revenues

     28,992       51,136       90,319  
    


 


 


Gross profit

     8,987       22,930       42,022  
    


 


 


Operating expenses:

                        

Selling, general and administrative

     17,781       18,123       24,020  

Research and development

     4,473       3,933       3,847  

Stock compensation expense

     334       334       2,015  

Impairment loss—goodwill and other intangible assets

           959        

Restructuring charges

     2,936       1,381        
    


 


 


Total operating expenses

     25,524       24,730       29,882  
    


 


 


Income (loss) from operations

     (16,537 )     (1,800 )     12,140  

Interest income, net

     1,268       493       444  
    


 


 


Income (loss) before income taxes

     (15,269 )     (1,307 )     12,584  

Income tax benefit

                 6,128  

Minority interest in loss of subsidiary

           742        
    


 


 


Net income (loss)

     (15,269 )     (565 )     18,712  

Net decretion (accretion) of redeemable convertible preferred stock to estimated redemption value

     635       (1,016 )     (44,533 )
    


 


 


Net loss attributable to common stockholders

   $ (14,634 )   $ (1,581 )   $ (25,821 )
    


 


 


Net loss attributable to common stockholders per share—basic and diluted

   $ (3.50 )   $ (0.38 )   $ (5.95 )

Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic and diluted

     4,186,497       4,194,588       4,341,247  

Pro forma net income available to common stockholders

                   $ 18,712  

Pro forma net income available to common stockholders per share:

                        

Basic

                   $ 1.97  

Diluted

                   $ 1.80  

Pro forma weighted average common shares outstanding:

                        

Basic

                     9,517,949  

Diluted

                     10,405,711  

 

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The following unaudited pro forma consolidated balance sheet data gives effect to the conversion of our outstanding convertible preferred stock into common stock upon the closing of this offering as if such conversion had taken place on December 31, 2003. The following unaudited pro forma as adjusted consolidated balance sheet data adjusts the pro forma balances to give effect to our sale of shares of common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $         per share, which is the mid-point of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and our receipt of the net proceeds therefrom after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

     December 31, 2003

     Actual

    Pro Forma

   Pro Forma
As Adjusted


Balance Sheet Data:

                     

Cash, cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities

   $ 42,298     $ 42,298    $                 

Working capital

     49,574       49,574       

Total assets

     82,451       82,451       

Total long-term debt and capital lease obligations

     565       565       

Redeemable convertible preferred stock 

     114,972       —         

Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)

     (58,069 )     56,903       

 

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 RISK FACTORS

 

This offering involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the other information in this prospectus, including the consolidated financial statements and related notes, before making a decision to invest in our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or operating results could suffer. As a result, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment in our common stock.

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

General Risks Related to Our Business

 

Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our business and prospects and may increase your investment risk.

 

We commenced operations in 1998 and, as a result, have only a limited operating history upon which you can evaluate our business and prospects. Although we have experienced significant revenue growth in recent periods, we may not be able to sustain this growth. We will encounter risks and difficulties frequently encountered by early-stage companies in rapidly evolving industries, such as the Internet advertising industry. Some of these risks include the need to:

 

  Ÿ attract new advertiser and publisher clients and maintain current advertiser and publisher relationships;

 

  Ÿ offer competitive pricing;

 

  Ÿ maintain and expand our network through which we deliver advertising programs;

 

  Ÿ achieve advertising campaign results that meet our clients’ objectives;

 

  Ÿ continue to develop and upgrade the technologies that enable us to provide results-based interactive marketing services;

 

  Ÿ respond to evolving government regulations relating to the Internet, privacy, direct marketing, and other aspects of our business;

 

  Ÿ identify, attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel;

 

  Ÿ successfully implement our business model;

 

  Ÿ manage our expanding operations; and

 

  Ÿ maintain our reputation and build trust with our clients.

 

If we do not successfully address these risks, it could cause a significant decrease in our revenues and negatively affect our ability to generate income.

 

If we fail to maintain our position as an intermediary between interactive publishers who supply advertising inventory and Internet advertisers who purchase results-based marketing programs, our business could suffer.

 

We purchase advertising inventory from interactive publishers and sell results-based interactive marketing programs to advertisers. Our business will suffer to the extent our advertiser and publisher clients purchase and sell Internet advertising directly from each other or through other intermediaries that compete with us. Our ability to maintain our position as an effective intermediary between publishers and advertisers depends on several factors, including:

 

  Ÿ our ability to deliver advertising results that are superior to those that advertisers or publishers could achieve directly or through the use of competing providers or technologies;

 

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  Ÿ our ability to purchase sufficient advertising inventory to meet our advertiser clients’ objectives at prices that enable us to make a profit; and

 

  Ÿ the demand for results-based marketing services at prices that allow us to make a profit.

 

Our business will suffer if the market for results-based Internet marketing services fails to develop.

 

Most of our services are offered to advertisers using results-based pricing models. The market for results-based Internet advertising has only recently developed, and the viability and profitability of this market is unproven. If advertisers fail to understand the value of results-based marketing services, the Internet advertising market could move away from these services, and our revenues could decline or fail to grow.

 

We may not be able to manage the risk inherent in our business as an intermediary of results-based marketing services, which could result in losses.

 

Each time we enter into a contract to deliver results-based advertising programs or to purchase advertising inventory, we assume risks such as:

 

  Ÿ the risk that we may not be able to use the inventory we purchase to deliver advertising programs that generate sufficient revenues to cover the cost of the purchased inventory; and

 

  Ÿ the risk that advertising campaigns we execute for our clients do not generate the results that are necessary in order to be paid by our clients.

 

We could lose money if we are unable to accurately evaluate and manage these risks, especially as our business increases in size and complexity.

 

We have only recently become profitable and may not maintain our level of profitability.

 

Although we have generated net income in recent quarters, we may not be profitable in future periods, either on a short- or long-term basis. We have incurred substantial operating losses since our inception, and had cumulative losses of $15.1 million as of December 31, 2003. We can give you no assurance that operating losses will not recur in the future or that we will maintain our level of profitability for a substantial period of time.

 

Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and may do so in the future, which could cause our stock price to decline.

 

Our prior operating results have fluctuated due to changes in our business and the advertising industry. Similarly, our future operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. You should not rely on period-to-period comparisons of our operating results as an indication of our future performance. Factors that may affect our quarterly operating results include the following:

 

  Ÿ the addition of new clients or the loss of existing clients;

 

  Ÿ changes in demand and pricing for our marketing services;

 

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  Ÿ changes in the amount, price and quality of available advertising inventory;

 

  Ÿ the timing and amount of sales and marketing expenses incurred to attract new advertisers;

 

  Ÿ seasonal patterns in Internet advertisers’ spending, which tend to be cyclical, reflecting overall economic conditions as well as budgeting and buying patterns;

 

  Ÿ changes in the economic prospects of advertisers or the economy generally, which could alter current or prospective advertisers’ spending priorities, or could increase the time it takes us to close sales with advertisers;

 

  Ÿ changes in our pricing policies, the pricing policies of our competitors or the pricing of Internet advertising generally;

 

  Ÿ changes in governmental regulation of the Internet;

 

  Ÿ timing differences at the end of each quarter between our inventory payments to publishers and our collection of advertising revenues related to that inventory; and

 

  Ÿ costs related to acquisitions of technology or businesses.

 

Our operating results may fall below the expectations of market analysts and investors in some future periods. If this happens, even just temporarily, the market price of our common stock may fall.

 

We may not be able to promptly reduce our overall expenses in response to any decrease in our revenues, which could cause us to incur operating losses.

 

Our expenses related to selling, general and administrative functions and the costs of operating our network are generally fixed in the short-term. As a result, we may not be able to reduce promptly our overall expenses in response to a decrease in our revenues, and our failure to do so would affect our operating results and could cause operating losses.

 

Furthermore, any efforts to reduce costs might include a restructuring of our business, reduction in the number of employees, office closings and the reduction or elimination of various administrative functions. These efforts could give rise to significant accounting charges, contract termination fees, and separation or severance benefits payments.

 

Risks Related to Our Internet Marketing Services

 

Any decrease in demand for our Internet marketing services could substantially reduce our revenues.

 

To date, substantially all of our revenues have been derived from Internet advertising. We expect that Internet advertising will continue to account for a substantial portion of our revenues in the future. However, our revenues from Internet advertising may decrease in the future for a number of reasons, including the following:

 

  Ÿ the rate at which Internet users click on advertisements or take action in response to an advertisement has always been low and could decline as the volume of Internet advertising increases;

 

  Ÿ Internet users can install software programs that allow them to prevent advertisements from appearing on their screens or block the receipt of emails;

 

  Ÿ advertisers may prefer an alternative Internet advertising format, product or service which we might not offer at that time; and

 

  Ÿ we may be unable to make the transition to new Internet advertising formats preferred by advertisers.

 

 

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If our pricing models are not accepted by our advertiser clients, we could lose clients and our revenues could decline.

 

Most of our services are offered to advertisers based on cost-per-action, or CPA, or cost-per-click, or CPC, pricing models. These results-based pricing models differ from the cost-per-thousand impressions, or CPM, pricing model used by many Internet advertising companies. Our ability to generate significant revenues from advertisers will depend, in part, on our ability to demonstrate the effectiveness of our primary pricing models to advertisers, who may be more accustomed to a CPM pricing model.

 

Furthermore, intense competition among websites and other Internet advertising providers has led to the development of a number of alternative pricing models for Internet advertising. The proliferation of multiple pricing alternatives may confuse advertisers and make it more difficult for them to differentiate among these alternatives. In addition, it is possible that new pricing models may be developed and gain widespread acceptance that are not compatible with our business model or our technology. These alternatives, and the likelihood that additional pricing models will be introduced, make it difficult for us to project the levels of advertising revenues or the margins that we, or the Internet advertising industry in general, will realize in the future. If advertisers do not understand the benefits of our pricing models, then the market for our services may decline or develop more slowly than we expect, which may limit our ability to grow our revenues or cause our revenues to decline.

 

We depend on a limited number of advertisers for a significant percentage of our revenues, and the loss of one or more of these advertisers could cause our revenues to decline.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2003, revenues from our ten largest advertisers accounted for 34% of our total revenues. Although no single advertiser accounted for 10% or more of our revenues in 2003, two companies affiliated with the Apollo Group, in the aggregate, accounted for 13% of our total revenues that year. We believe that a limited number of clients will continue to be the source of a substantial portion of our revenues for the foreseeable future. Key factors in maintaining our relationships with these clients include our performance on individual campaigns, the strength of our professional reputation, and the relationships of our key executives with client personnel. To the extent that our performance does not meet client expectations, or our reputation or relationships with one or more major clients are impaired, our revenues could decline and our operating results could be adversely affected.

 

Because our advertiser client contracts generally can be cancelled by the client with little or no notice or penalty, the termination of one or more large contracts could result in an immediate decline in our revenues.

 

We derive substantially all of our revenues from marketing services under short-term contracts, most of which are cancelable upon 90 days or less notice. In addition, these contracts generally do not contain penalty provisions for cancellation before the end of the contract term. The non-renewal, re-negotiation, cancellation or deferral of large contracts, or a number of contracts that in the aggregate account for a significant amount of revenues, could cause an immediate and significant decline in our revenues and harm our business.

 

Any limitation on our use of data derived from our clients’ advertising campaigns could significantly diminish the value of our services and cause us to lose clients and revenues.

 

When an individual visits our clients’ websites, we use technologies, including cookies and web beacons, to collect information such as the user’s IP address, advertisements served by us that have

 

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been viewed by the user, and responses by the user to such advertisements. We aggregate and analyze this information to determine the placement and to schedule the delivery of advertisements across our network. Although the data we collect from campaigns of different clients, once aggregated, are not identifiable, our clients might decide not to allow us to collect some or all of this data or might limit our use of this data. Any limitation on our ability to use such data could make it more difficult for us to deliver results-based marketing programs that meet client demands.

 

In addition, although our contracts generally permit us to aggregate data from advertising campaigns, our clients might nonetheless request that we discontinue using data obtained from their campaigns that have already been aggregated with other clients’ campaign data. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to comply with these requests, and such requests could result in significant expenditures of resources. Interruptions, failures or defects in our data collection, mining and storage systems, as well as privacy concerns regarding the collection of user data, could also limit our ability to aggregate and analyze data from our clients’ advertising campaigns. If that happens, we may lose clients and our revenues may decline.

 

Risks Related to the Supply of Advertising Inventory

 

We depend on interactive publishers for inventory to deliver our clients’ advertising campaigns, and any decline in the supply of advertising inventory available through our network could cause our revenues to decline.

 

The websites, search engines, and email publishers that sell their advertising space to us are not bound by long-term contracts that ensure us a consistent supply of advertising inventory. We generate a significant portion of our revenues from the advertising inventory provided by a limited number of publishers. In most instances, publishers can change the amount of inventory they make available to us at any time, as well as the price at which they make it available. In addition, publishers may place significant restrictions on our use of their advertising inventory. These restrictions may prohibit advertisements from specific advertisers or specific industries, or restrict the use of certain creative content or format. If a publisher decides not to make inventory available to us, or decides to increase the price, or places significant restrictions on the use of such inventory, we may not be able to replace this with inventory from other publishers that satisfy our requirements in a timely and cost-effective manner. If this happens, our revenues could decline or our cost of acquiring inventory may increase.

 

Our growth may be limited if we are unable to obtain sufficient advertising inventory that meets our pricing and quality requirements.

 

Our growth depends on our ability to effectively manage and expand the advertising inventory in our network. To attract new advertisers, we must increase our supply of inventory that meets our performance and pricing requirements. Our ability to purchase sufficient quantities of suitable advertising inventory will depend on various factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include:

 

  Ÿ our ability to offer publishers a competitive price for their inventory;

 

  Ÿ our ability to estimate the quality of the available inventory; and

 

  Ÿ our ability to efficiently manage our existing advertising inventory.

 

In addition, the number of competing Internet advertising networks that purchase advertising inventory from websites, email and search engine publishers continues to increase. We cannot assure you that we will be able to purchase advertising inventory that meets our performance, price and quality requirements, and if we cannot do so, our ability to generate revenues could be limited.

 

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Any limitation on our ability to post advertisements throughout our network could harm our business.

 

We execute advertising programs for clients primarily by placing advertisements, which we refer to as ad serving, on our network inventory. Our business could suffer from a variety of factors that could limit or reduce our ability to serve advertisements across our network, including:

 

  Ÿ technological changes that render our ad serving systems obsolete or incompatible with the systems of web publishers;

 

  Ÿ lawsuits or injunctions based on claims that our ad serving technologies violate the proprietary rights of other parties; and

 

  Ÿ interruptions, failures or defects in our ad serving systems.

 

Consolidation of interactive publishers may impair our ability to provide marketing services, acquire advertising inventory at favorable rates and collect campaign data.

 

The consolidation of Internet advertising networks, web portals, search engines and other interactive publishers could eventually lead to a concentration of desirable advertising inventory on a very small number of networks and large websites. Such concentration could:

 

  Ÿ increase our costs if these publishers use their greater bargaining power to increase rates for advertising inventory;

 

  Ÿ impair our ability to provide marketing services if these publishers prevent us from distributing our clients’ advertising campaigns on their websites or if they adopt ad serving systems that are not compatible with our ad serving systems; and

 

  Ÿ diminish the value of our advertising campaign databases, as the value of these databases depends on the continuous aggregation of data from advertising campaigns on a variety of different advertising networks and websites.

 

Risks Related to Our Technology

 

Our AdLearn optimization technology may not achieve its intended benefits.

 

We use our AdLearn yield management and optimization technology to match individual advertisements to the available inventory on our network in a manner designed to maximize the revenues produced by our network. Because AdLearn is relatively new, we cannot assure you that the use of this technology will achieve these results, in which case our revenues and margins could decline.

 

Disputes over the methods we use to measure the effectiveness or frequency of advertisements could cause us to lose clients or advertising inventory.

 

We earn the majority of our advertising revenues based on the number of consumer actions from advertisements delivered through our network and we make most payments to publishers based on the number of advertising impressions they deliver. Advertisers may be unwilling to use our services and publishers may be unwilling to sell inventory to us if they perceive that our measurements of impressions, clicks and actions are not accurate and reliable. Advertisers and publishers often maintain their own technologies and methodologies for counting these actions, and from time to time we have had to resolve differences between our measurements and theirs. Any significant dispute over measurement could cause us to lose advertiser clients or sources of inventory, which could decrease our revenues.

 

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We must keep pace with rapidly changing technologies to remain competitive.

 

The Internet advertising market is characterized by rapidly changing technologies, evolving industry standards, frequent new product and service introductions and changing client demands. These characteristics are caused in part by the changing nature of the Internet itself. Our future success therefore will depend on our ability to adapt to rapidly changing technologies, adapt our products and services to evolving industry standards and improve the performance, features and reliability of our service.

 

For example, advertisers are increasingly requiring Internet advertising providers to have the ability to deliver advertisements utilizing new formats that incorporate rich media, such as video and audio, interactivity, and more precise consumer targeting techniques. We could lose clients if we fail to successfully adapt to developments such as these, which could result in decreased revenues.

 

We must introduce new products and services to grow our business.

 

Our success depends on our ability to develop and introduce new services that address our clients’ changing demands. Any new products or services that we develop will need to meet the requirements of our current and prospective clients and may not achieve significant market acceptance. The introduction of new products and services by our competitors, and the emergence of new industry standards, could render our existing products and services obsolete and unmarketable or require unanticipated investments in research and development. If revenues generated from the use of our technologies does not cover these development costs, our operating results could be adversely affected.

 

Our business could be harmed if the use of tracking technology is restricted or becomes subject to new regulation.

 

In conjunction with serving advertisements on websites, we typically place small files of information, commonly known as cookies, on an Internet user’s hard drive, generally without the user’s knowledge or consent. Cookie information is passed to us through an Internet user’s browser software. We use cookies to collect information regarding the advertisements we deliver to Internet users and their interaction with these advertisements. We use this information to identify Internet users who have received our advertisements in the past and to monitor and prevent potentially fraudulent activity. In addition, our AdLearn optimization technology uses this information to monitor the performance of ongoing advertising campaigns and plan future campaigns.

 

Some Internet commentators and privacy advocates have proposed limiting or eliminating the use of cookies and other Internet tracking technologies, and legislation has been introduced in some jurisdictions to regulate Internet tracking technologies. The European Union has already adopted a directive requiring that when cookies are used, the user must be informed and offered an opportunity to opt-out of the cookies’ use. If there is a further reduction or limitation in the use of Internet tracking technologies such as cookies:

 

  Ÿ the effectiveness of our AdLearn optimization technology could be significantly reduced;

 

  Ÿ we may have to replace or re-engineer our tracking technology, which could require significant amounts of our time and resources, may not be completed in time to avoid losing clients or advertising inventory, and may not be commercially or technically feasible;

 

  Ÿ we may have to develop or acquire other technology to prevent fraud; and

 

  Ÿ we may become subject to costly and time-consuming litigation or investigations due to our use of cookie technology or other technologies designed to collect Internet usage information.

 

Any one or more of these occurrences could result in increased costs, require us to change our business practices or divert management’s attention.

 

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Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights could diminish the value of our services, weaken our competitive position and reduce our revenues.

 

Our success depends in large part on our proprietary technology. In addition, we believe that our service marks and trademarks are key to identifying and differentiating our products and services from those of our competitors. We rely on a combination of copyright, patent, trademark and trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures and licensing arrangements to establish and protect our proprietary rights. These steps taken by us to protect our intellectual property may not prevent misappropriation of our technology or deter independent third-party development of similar technologies.

 

We have licensed in the past, and expect to license in the future, certain of our proprietary rights, such as trademarks or copyrighted material, to third parties. These licensees may take actions that diminish the value of our proprietary rights or harm our reputation.

 

In addition, intellectual property protection may be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries where laws or law enforcement practices may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States. If we fail to protect and maintain our intellectual property rights, the value of our services could be diminished, our competitive position may suffer and we could lose clients and revenues.

 

If we are found to infringe on the proprietary rights of others, we could be required to redesign our products, pay significant royalties or enter into license agreements with third parties.

 

A third party may assert that our technology violates its intellectual property rights. From time to time, we have been subject to legal proceedings and claims relating to the intellectual property rights of others, and we expect that third parties will continue to assert intellectual property claims against us, particularly as we expand the complexity and scope of our business. Any claim, regardless of its merit, could be expensive and time consuming to defend. Successful infringement claims against us could result in significant monetary liability or prevent us from operating our business, or portions of our business. In addition, resolution of claims may require us to redesign our technology, obtain licenses to use intellectual property rights belonging to third parties or cease using those rights altogether. Any of these events could harm our business.

 

If our technologies suffer from design defects, we may need to expend significant resources to address resulting product liability claims.

 

Our technology may contain design or performance defects which may become apparent only after widespread commercial use. Our contracts with our clients do not contain provisions to completely limit our exposure to liabilities resulting from product liability claims. A product liability claim brought against us could be expensive to defend, could result in monetary liabilities and, even if covered by our insurance, could adversely affect the marketability of our services and our business reputation.

 

Risks Related to Our Management and Operations

 

If we do not retain our senior management and key employees, we may not be able to achieve our business objectives.

 

Our future success is substantially dependent on the continued service of our senior management and other key employees, particularly Scott A. Ferber, our chief executive officer, John B. Ferber, our chief product officer, W. Gar Richlin, our chief operating officer, and Robert Luenberger, our chief scientist. We do not have key-person insurance on any of our employees. We may be unable to

 

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retain existing management, technical, sales and client support personnel that are critical to our success, resulting in harm to key client relationships, loss of key information, expertise or know-how and unanticipated recruitment and training costs. The loss of the services of our senior management or other key employees could make it more difficult to successfully operate our business and pursue our business goals.

 

If we are unable to attract and retain skilled employees, we might not be able to sustain our growth.

 

Our future success also depends on our ability to continue to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled employees, particularly employees with technical skills and management expertise. Competition for employees in our industry is intense. We have experienced difficulty from time to time in attracting the personnel necessary to support the growth of our business, and we may experience similar difficulties in the future. If we are unable to attract, assimilate and retain employees with the necessary skills, we may not be able to grow our business.

 

If we fail to manage our growth effectively, our operating results could be adversely affected.

 

We have expanded our operations rapidly since our inception in 1998. As of March 12, 2004, we had approximately 290 employees and 11 offices. We also provided services to over 650 U.S. advertiser clients in 2003. Past growth has placed, and any future growth will continue to place, a significant strain on our management systems and resources.

 

We plan to continue to expand our sales and marketing, technology, client support and research and development organizations. Also, we will likely need to continue to improve our financial and managerial controls and our reporting systems and procedures. If we are unable to effectively implement these plans and to otherwise manage our expanding operations, our operating results could be adversely affected.

 

We must increase the capacity of our operating systems and infrastructure to grow our business.

 

We will need to improve and upgrade our operating systems and infrastructure in order to allow our operations to grow in both size and scope. Without such improvements, our operations might suffer from slow delivery times, unreliable service levels or insufficient capacity, any of which could negatively affect our reputation and ability to attract and retain clients. We may be unable to expand our systems in a timely fashion, which could limit our ability to grow. In addition, the expansion of our systems and infrastructure will require us to commit substantial financial, operational and technical resources before the volume of business increases, with no assurance that the volume of business will increase. If we improve and upgrade our systems and the volume of our business does not increase to offset the costs, our operating results could be adversely affected and we could incur losses.

 

System failures, including those of third parties, could significantly disrupt our operations and cause us to lose clients or advertising inventory.

 

Our success depends on the continuing and uninterrupted performance of our systems, which we utilize to, among other things, place advertisements, monitor the performance of advertising campaigns and manage our inventory. Sustained or repeated system failures that interrupt our ability to provide services to clients, including failures affecting our ability to deliver advertisements quickly and accurately and to process users’ responses to advertisements, could significantly reduce the attractiveness of our services to advertisers and reduce our revenues. Our systems are vulnerable to

 

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damage from a variety of sources, including telecommunications failures, power outages, malicious human acts and natural disasters. Any steps we take to increase the reliability and redundancy of our systems may be expensive, reduce our margins and may not be successful in preventing system failures.

 

Our services are substantially dependent on systems provided by third parties, over whom we have little control. Interruptions in our services could result from the failure of telecommunications providers and other third parties to provide the necessary data communications capacity as required. We have occasionally experienced significant difficulties delivering advertisements across our network due to system failures unrelated to our own systems.

 

Our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for any losses that may occur due to any failures in our systems or those of service providers. As a result, system failures that disrupt our operations could harm our business.

 

Because we do not maintain a fully redundant data center, any failure of our data center could adversely affect our operating results.

 

We do not maintain a fully redundant data center for our network operations systems. Our precautions against system failure may not be adequate to prevent an interruption in the operation of our system. The failure of our network operations systems, due to hardware, software or other malfunction or interruption, could severely interrupt our business and cause us to lose clients and revenues. If we decide to establish a fully redundant data center, we could incur substantial costs and our operating results could suffer.

 

Our inability to use software licensed from third parties or our use of open source software under license terms that interfere with our proprietary rights, could disrupt our business.

 

Some of our products contain software licensed from third parties, including some software, known as open source software, that we use without charge. In the future, these licenses may not be available on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. Our inability to use third-party software could result in disruptions to our business, or delays in the development of future products or enhancements of existing products, which could impair our business. In addition, the terms of open source software licenses may require us to provide software that we develop using such software to others on unfavorable license terms.

 

If we or our advertiser or publisher clients fail to comply with regulations governing consumer privacy, we could face substantial costs and our business could be harmed.

 

Our collection, maintenance and sharing of information regarding Internet users could result in lawsuits or government inquiries. These actions may include those related to U.S. federal and state legislation or European Union directives limiting the ability of companies like ours to collect, receive and use information regarding Internet users. Litigation and regulatory inquiries are often expensive and time-consuming and their outcome is uncertain. Any involvement by us in any of these matters could require us to:

 

  Ÿ spend significant amounts on our legal defense;

 

  Ÿ divert the attention of senior management from other aspects of our business;

 

  Ÿ defer or cancel new product launches as a result of these claims or proceedings; and

 

  Ÿ make changes to our present and planned products or services.

 

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Further, we cannot assure you that our advertiser and publisher clients are currently in compliance, or will remain in compliance, with their own privacy policies, regulations governing consumer privacy or other applicable legal requirements. We may be held liable if our clients use our technology or the data we collect on their behalf in a manner that is not in compliance with applicable laws or regulations or their own stated privacy standards.

 

We may be liable for content in the advertisements we deliver for our clients.

 

We may be liable to third parties for content in the advertising we deliver if the artwork, text or other content involved violates copyrights, trademarks or other intellectual property rights of third parties or if the content is defamatory. Although we generally receive warranties from our advertisers that they have the right to use any copyrights, trademarks or other intellectual property included in an advertisement and are normally indemnified by the advertisers, a third party may still file a claim against us. Any claims by third parties against us could be time-consuming, could result in costly litigation and adverse judgments and could require us to change our business.

 

Misappropriation of confidential information held by us could cause us to lose clients or incur liability.

 

We retain highly confidential information on behalf of our clients in our systems and databases. Although we maintain security features in our systems, our operations may be susceptible to hacker interception, break-ins and other disruptions. These disruptions may jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted through our systems. If confidential information is compromised, we could be subject to lawsuits by the affected clients or Internet users, which could damage our reputation among our current and potential clients, require significant expenditures of capital and other resources and cause us to lose business and revenues.

 

Our international operations subject us to additional risks that could harm our business.

 

International operations subject us to additional risks, including:

 

  Ÿ foreign exchange fluctuations;

 

  Ÿ the impact of foreign economic conditions;

 

  Ÿ changes in and differences between domestic and foreign regulatory requirements;

 

  Ÿ export restrictions, including export controls relating to encryption technologies;

 

  Ÿ reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;

 

  Ÿ potentially adverse tax consequences;

 

  Ÿ difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations;

 

  Ÿ political and economic instability;

 

  Ÿ tariffs and other trade barriers; and

 

  Ÿ seasonal reductions in business activity.

 

We cannot assure you that we will be successful in our efforts in foreign countries. Some of these factors may cause our international costs to exceed our domestic costs of doing business. Failure to adequately address these risks could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

 

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Additional Business Risks

 

We face intense and growing competition, which could result in price reductions, reduced operating margins and loss of market share.

 

The market for Internet advertising and related services is highly competitive. If we fail to compete effectively against other Internet advertising service companies, we could lose clients or advertising inventory and our revenues could decline. We expect competition to continue to increase because there are no significant barriers to entry. Our principal competitors include other companies that provide advertisers with Internet advertising services, including advertising networks such as 24/7 Real Media and ValueClick, and affiliate networks. In addition, we compete with large interactive media companies with strong brand recognition, such as AOL, Google, Microsoft and Yahoo!, that sell advertising inventory directly to advertisers. These companies have significant competitive advantages, including direct sales personnel and substantial proprietary inventory. We also compete with traditional advertising media, such as direct mail, television, radio, cable and print, for a share of advertisers’ total advertising budgets.

 

Many current and potential competitors have advantages over us, such as longer operating histories, greater name recognition, larger client bases, greater access to advertising space on high-traffic websites, and significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources. In addition, existing or future competitors may develop or offer services that provide significant performance, price, creative or other advantages over those offered by us.

 

Current and potential competitors may establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties to increase the ability of their products and services to address the needs of our clients and prospective clients. As a result, it is possible that new competitors may emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share.

 

If we fail to compete successfully, we could have difficulties attracting and retaining advertising clients or advertising inventory, which may decrease our revenues and adversely affect our operating results. Increased competition may also result in price reductions and reduced operating income.

 

We expect to pursue acquisitions or other investments, which may require significant resources and may be unsuccessful.

 

In the future, we may acquire or make investments in other businesses, or acquire products and technologies, to complement our current business. Any future acquisition or investment may require us to use significant amounts of cash, issue potentially dilutive equity securities or incur debt. We may not be able to identify, negotiate or finance any future acquisition successfully. Even if we do succeed in acquiring a business, product or technology, we have limited experience in integrating an acquisition into our business. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, any of which could disrupt our business and reduce the likelihood that we will receive the expected benefits of the acquisition, including:

 

  Ÿ difficulties in integrating the operations, technologies, services and personnel of acquired businesses;

 

  Ÿ ineffectiveness or incompatibility of acquired technologies or services;

 

  Ÿ diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns;

 

  Ÿ unavailability of favorable financing for future acquisitions;

 

  Ÿ potential loss of key employees of acquired businesses;

 

  Ÿ inability to maintain the key business relationships and the reputations of acquired businesses;

 

 

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  Ÿ responsibility for liabilities of acquired businesses; and

 

  Ÿ increased fixed costs.

 

We may need additional financing in the future, which may not be available on favorable terms, if at all.

 

We may need additional funds to finance our operations, as well as to enhance our services, fund our expansion, respond to competitive pressures or acquire complementary businesses or technologies. However, our business may not generate the cash needed to finance such requirements. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our existing shareholders would be reduced, and these securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of our common stock. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, our ability to enhance our services, fund our expansion, respond to competitive pressures or take advantage of business opportunities would be significantly limited, and we might need to significantly restrict our operations.

 

Some of our clients may not be able to pay for our services.

 

Some of our clients have limited operating histories, are unprofitable and may not be able to pay for our services. In the past we have lost clients, or have had difficulty collecting payments from clients, who could not pay for our services because they were unprofitable and unable to secure ongoing funding. The ability of several of our clients to meet their payment obligations is affected by the risks and difficulties encountered by companies with limited operating histories, particularly in the evolving Internet market. If any of our current or future clients are unable to pay for our services, our operating results could be adversely affected.

 

Risks Related to Our Industry

 

The Internet advertising industry could be adversely affected by general economic downturns, catastrophic events or declines or disruptions in industries that advertise heavily on the Internet.

 

The Internet advertising industry is sensitive to both general economic and business conditions and to specific events, such as acts of terrorism. In addition, Internet advertising spending can be affected by the condition of industries that advertise heavily on the Internet such as the financial services, travel and entertainment industries. Some of these industries tend to be sensitive to event-driven disruptions such as government regulation, war, terrorism, disease, natural disasters and other significant events. A general decline in economic conditions or disruptions in specific industries characterized by heavy spending on interactive advertising, could cause a decline in Internet advertising expenditures which could in turn cause a decline in our revenues.

 

If the market for Internet advertising fails to continue to develop, our revenues and our operating results could be harmed.

 

Our future success is highly dependent on the continued use and growth of the Internet as an advertising medium. The Internet advertising market is relatively new and rapidly evolving, and it uses different measurements than traditional media to gauge its effectiveness. As a result, demand for and market acceptance of Internet advertising services is uncertain. Many of our current or potential advertiser clients have little or no experience using the Internet for advertising purposes and have allocated only limited portions of their advertising budgets to the Internet. The adoption of Internet

 

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advertising, particularly by those entities that have historically relied upon traditional media for advertising, requires the acceptance of a new way of conducting business, exchanging information, measuring success and evaluating new advertising products and services. Such clients may find Internet advertising to be less effective for promoting their products and services than traditional advertising media. We cannot assure you that the market for Internet advertising will continue to grow or become sustainable. If the market for Internet advertising fails to continue to develop or develops more slowly than we expect, our revenues and business could be harmed.

 

Our business is dependent on the continued growth of Internet usage.

 

Our business depends on the continued growth in the use of the Internet. Internet usage may be inhibited for a number of reasons, such as:

 

  Ÿ inadequate network infrastructure;

 

  Ÿ security concerns;

 

  Ÿ inconsistent quality of service; and

 

  Ÿ unavailability of cost-effective, high-speed service.

 

If Internet usage grows, its infrastructure may not be able to support the demands placed on it and its performance and reliability may decline. In addition, websites have experienced interruptions in service as a result of outages and other delays occurring throughout the Internet network infrastructure, and as a result of sabotage. The Internet could lose its viability as a commercial medium due to delays in the development or adoption of new technologies required to accommodate increased levels of Internet activity. If use of the Internet does not continue to grow, or if the Internet infrastructure does not effectively support this growth, our ability to grow our business could be compromised and our revenues could decline.

 

Changes in government regulation or industry standards applicable to the Internet, especially those governing privacy, could decrease the demand for our services and increase our costs of doing business.

 

Our business is subject to existing laws and regulations that have been applied to Internet communications, commerce and advertising. New laws and regulations may restrict specific Internet activities, and existing laws and regulations may be applied to Internet activities, either of which could increase our costs of doing business over the Internet and adversely affect the demand for our advertising services. In the United States, federal and state laws already apply or may be applied in the future to areas, including commercial email, children’s privacy, copyrights, taxation, user privacy, search engines, Internet tracking technologies, direct marketing, data security, pricing, sweepstakes, promotions, intellectual property ownership and infringement, trade secrets, export of encryption technology, acceptable content and quality of goods and services.

 

The European Union has adopted directives that may limit our ability to collect and use information regarding Internet users in Europe. The effectiveness of our AdLearn technology could be limited by any regulation limiting the collection or use of information regarding Internet users. Furthermore, due to the global nature of the Internet, it is possible that, although our transmissions originate in particular states, governments of other states or foreign countries might attempt to regulate our transmissions or levy sales or other taxes relating to our activities. In addition, the growth and development of the market for Internet commerce may prompt calls for more stringent consumer protection laws, both in the United States and abroad, that may impose additional burdens on

 

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companies conducting business over the Internet. Such legislation, if adopted, could hinder the growth in the use of the Internet generally and decrease the acceptance of the Internet as a communications, commercial and advertising medium.

 

In addition to government regulation, privacy advocacy groups and the technology and direct marketing industries are considering various new, additional or different self-regulatory standards applicable to the Internet. Governments, trade associations and industry self-regulatory groups may enact more burdensome laws, regulations and guidelines, including consumer privacy laws, affecting our clients and us, which could harm our business.

 

Our business could be adversely affected if the market for e-commerce does not grow or grows slower than expected.

 

Because many of our clients’ advertisements encourage online purchasing, our ability to grow our business depends in part on the growth and market acceptance of e-commerce. A number of factors outside of our control could hinder the future growth of e-commerce, including the following:

 

  Ÿ the network infrastructure necessary for substantial growth in Internet usage may not develop adequately or its performance and reliability may decline;

 

  Ÿ insufficient availability of telecommunication services or changes in telecommunication services could result in inconsistent quality of service or slower response times on the Internet;

 

  Ÿ negative publicity and consumer concern surrounding the security of e-commerce transactions; and

 

  Ÿ financial instability of e-commerce companies.

 

In particular, any well-publicized compromise of security involving web-based transactions could deter people from purchasing items on the Internet, clicking on advertisements, or using the Internet generally, any of which could cause us to lose clients and advertising inventory and adversely affect our revenues.

 

Risks Related to This Offering

 

We cannot assure you that a market will develop for our common stock or what the market price of our common stock will be.

 

Before this offering, there was no public trading market for our common stock, and we cannot assure you that one will develop or be sustained after this offering. The initial public offering price will be determined by negotiations between the underwriters and us, and may bear no relationship to the price at which the common stock will trade upon completion of the offering. You may not be able to resell your shares above the initial public offering price and may suffer a loss on your investment.

 

Our stock price may be volatile and your investment in our common stock could suffer a decline in value.

 

The market prices of the securities of Internet-related and online commerce companies have been extremely volatile and have overall declined significantly since early 2000. Broad market and industry factors may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. Factors that could cause fluctuation in the stock price may include, among other things:

 

  Ÿ actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;

 

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  Ÿ changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our stock;

 

  Ÿ conditions or trends in our industry;

 

  Ÿ stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are Internet-related;

 

  Ÿ announcements by us or our competitors of new products or services, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;

 

  Ÿ announcements of investigations or regulatory scrutiny of our operations or lawsuits filed against us;

 

  Ÿ capital commitments;

 

  Ÿ additions or departures of key personnel; and

 

  Ÿ sales of our common stock, including sales of our common stock by our directors and officers or specific shareholders.

 

In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their stock price. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources.

 

Future sales of our common stock could cause our stock price to decline.

 

If our stockholders sell, or the market perceives that our stockholders intend to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market following this offering, the market price of our common stock could decline. These sales, or the perception that these sales could occur, might also make it more difficult for us to sell additional equity securities at a time and price that we deem appropriate.

 

Upon completion of this offering, we will have outstanding          shares of common stock, assuming no exercise of outstanding options and warrants. Of these shares, the          shares sold in this offering and          additional shares will be freely tradable immediately,          additional shares will be eligible for sale in the public market 90 days after the date of the final prospectus,          additional shares will be eligible for sale 180 days after the date of the final prospectus following the expiration of lock-up agreements between our officers, directors and some of our stockholders and the underwriters, and          more shares will become available for sale in the public market on subsequent dates. Goldman, Sachs & Co., on behalf of the underwriters, may release our directors, officers and stockholders from their lock-up agreements with the underwriters at any time and without notice, which would allow for earlier sale of shares in the public market. As restrictions on resale end, the market price of our common stock could drop significantly if the holders of restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them.

 

Purchasers in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution.

 

Prior investors have paid substantially less per share than the price in this offering. The initial public offering price is substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of the outstanding common stock immediately after this offering. As a result, investors purchasing our common stock in this offering will incur immediate dilution of          per share. The exercise of outstanding options and warrants and future equity issuances at prices below the initial public offering price would result in further dilution to purchasers in this offering.

 

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We do not expect to pay any dividends for the foreseeable future.

 

We do not anticipate that we will pay any dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of our common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our common stock.

 

We will have broad discretion over the use of proceeds from this offering.

 

We will have broad discretion to use the net proceeds to us from this offering, and you will be relying on the judgment of our board of directors and management regarding the application of these proceeds. Although we expect to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital, and for possible future strategic investments or acquisitions, we have not allocated these net proceeds for specific purposes. It is possible that the net proceeds will be invested in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for our company.

 

Some provisions of our charter, bylaws and Maryland law inhibit potential acquisition bids that you may consider favorable.

 

Our corporate documents and Maryland law contain provisions that may enable our board of directors to resist a change in control of our company even if a change in control were to be considered favorable by you and other stockholders. These provisions include:

 

  Ÿ a staggered board of directors;

 

  Ÿ limitations on persons authorized to call a special meeting of stockholders;

 

  Ÿ the authorization of undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without stockholder approval;

 

  Ÿ the ability of the board, without stockholder approval, to amend the charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock, or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that the company has the authority to issue; and

 

  Ÿ advance notice procedures required for stockholders to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring matters before an annual meeting of stockholders.

 

These provisions could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our company. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and cause us to take other corporate actions you desire.

 

Also, under Maryland law, business combinations between our company and any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of our common stock, or an affiliate of such person, are prohibited for a five-year period unless exempted in accordance with the statute, and the acquisition of control shares, defined in the statute as the ability to exercise voting power in excess of 20%, may not be voted except to the extent approved by the stockholders of our company.

 

Recently enacted changes in securities laws and regulations are likely to increase our costs.

 

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Securities and Exchange Commission rules implementing that Act have required changes in corporate governance practices of public companies. As a public company, these new rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance

 

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costs, and make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly. We also expect these new rules and regulations may make it more expensive for us to obtain desired director and officer liability insurance. We may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These new rules and regulations could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified independent members of our board of directors and qualified members of our management team.

 

Insiders will continue to have substantial control over us after this offering, which could limit your ability to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change in control.

 

Our principal stockholders, directors and executive officers and entities affiliated with them will own approximately     % of the outstanding shares of our common stock after this offering. As a result, these stockholders, if acting together, would be able to influence or control matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other extraordinary transactions. They may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interest. The concentration of ownership could have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company and could ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.

 

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 FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and other factors include those listed under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. You can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continues” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.

 

Specifically, this prospectus contains foward-looking statements about:

 

  Ÿ our expectations regarding financial condition or results of operations for periods after December 31, 2003;

 

  Ÿ our future sources of and needs for liquidity and capital resources;

 

  Ÿ our discussion of our critical accounting policies;

 

  Ÿ our expectations regarding the size and growth of the market for our products and services;

 

  Ÿ our business strategies and our ability to grow our business;

 

  Ÿ our ability to enhance existing, or develop new, products and services and the impact of any such enhancements or developments;

 

  Ÿ the implementation or interpretation of current or future regulations and legislation;

 

  Ÿ our ability to maintain contracts and relationships with advertisers and publishers; and

 

  Ÿ our ability to maintain our existing, or to develop additional, valuable intellectual property rights.

 

You should read this prospectus, and the documents that we reference in this prospectus and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we currently expect.

 

The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus reflect our views and assumptions only as of the date of this prospectus. Except as required by law, we assume no responsibility for updating any forward-looking statements.

 

This prospectus also contains market data related to our business and industry. This market data includes projections that are based on a number of assumptions. If these assumptions turn out to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. As a result, our markets may not grow at the rates projected by these data, or at all. The failure of these markets to grow at these projected rates may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and the market price of our common stock.

 

We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

 

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 USE OF PROCEEDS

 

The net proceeds from our sale of          shares of common stock in this offering are estimated to be approximately $         million, assuming an initial public offering price of $         per share, which is the mid-point of the estimated price range shown on the cover of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses, payable by us. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital, general corporate purposes and possible future acquisitions.

 

The amounts that we actually expend for working capital and other general corporate purposes will vary significantly depending on a number of factors, including future revenue growth, if any, and the amount of cash that we generate from operations. As a result, we will retain broad discretion over the allocation of the net proceeds of this offering. We also may use a portion of the net proceeds for the acquisition of businesses, products and technologies. We periodically review acquisitions and strategic investment opportunities that are related to our business and we believe that it is desirable to have funds on hand so that we have the ability to make acquisitions and strategic investments promptly. As of the date of this prospectus, we have no arrangements, agreements or commitments for acquisitions of any businesses, products or technologies and we can give no assurance that we will be able to consummate any acquisitions or strategic investments or that if consummated such acquisitions or investments would be on terms that are favorable to us.

 

Pending these uses, we will invest the net proceeds of this offering in interest bearing investment grade securities, including corporate paper and auction rate securities, and government agency notes.

 

 DIVIDEND POLICY

 

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently anticipate that we will retain any future earnings for use in our business. As a result, we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

 

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 CAPITALIZATION

 

The following table sets forth our cash, cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities and our capitalization as of December 31, 2003:

 

  Ÿ on an actual basis;

 

  Ÿ on a pro forma basis to give effect to the conversion of our outstanding convertible preferred stock into common stock upon the closing of this offering;

 

  Ÿ on a pro forma as adjusted basis to adjust the pro forma balances to give effect to our sale of shares of common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $     per share, which is the mid-point of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and our receipt of the net proceeds therefrom after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

You should read this table together with the information under the headings “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” as well as the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

     December 31, 2003

     Actual

    Pro Forma

   

Pro Forma

As Adjusted


     (in thousands)

Cash, cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities

   $ 42,298     $ 42,298     $                 
    


 


 

Total long-term debt and capital lease obligations, net of current portion

   $ 268     $ 268     $  
    


 


 

Redeemable convertible preferred stock

     114,972              
    


 


 

Stockholders’ equity (deficit):

                      

Nonvoting preferred stock

     2              

Common stock $.01 par value, 21,437,030 shares authorized, 4,624,051 shares issued and outstanding; 9,517,949 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma;          shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted.

     46       95        

Unearned compensation

     (1,845 )     (1,845 )      

Additional paid-in capital

           114,925        

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

     (52 )     (52 )      

Accumulated deficit

     (56,220 )     (56,220 )      
    


 


 

Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)

     (58,069 )     56,903        
    


 


 

Total capitalization

   $ 57,171     $ 57,171        
    


 


 

 

The table above excludes the following shares of common stock:

 

  Ÿ 2,699,327 shares issuable as of December 31, 2003 upon exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants at a weighted average price of $5.69 per share; and

 

  Ÿ 288,912 shares available for future issuance under our equity incentive plans as of December 31, 2003.

 

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 DILUTION

 

Dilution is the amount by which the initial public offering price paid by the purchasers of common stock in this offering exceeds the net tangible book value per share of common stock following this offering. Our pro forma net tangible book value per share represents our pro forma tangible assets, or total assets less intangible assets, less our total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2003 after giving effect to the conversion of our outstanding convertible preferred stock into common stock. As of December 31, 2003, our pro forma net tangible book value was approximately $54.9 million, or $5.77 per share of common stock.

 

After giving effect to the sale of      shares of common stock by us at the assumed initial public offering price of $     per share, and after deducting the underwriting discounts, commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value at December 31, 2003 would have been approximately $     million, or $     per share of common stock. After giving effect to the offering, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value represents an immediate increase in the pro forma net tangible book value of $     per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value of $     per share to the investors who purchase our common stock in this offering.

 

The following table illustrates this per share dilution:

 

Assumed initial public offering price per share

      $            

Pro forma net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2003

  $5.77    

Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to this offering

       
   
   

Pro forma net tangible book value per share as adjusted after this offering

       
       

Dilution per share to new investors

      $            
       

 

The following table summarizes, on a pro forma as adjusted basis as of December 31, 2003, the difference between existing stockholders and new investors with respect to the number of shares of common stock purchased from us, the total consideration paid to us and the average price per share paid by our existing stockholders and by the investors purchasing shares of common stock in this offering. The calculation below is based on an assumed initial public offering price of $     per share before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

    

Shares

Purchased


   

Total

Consideration


   

Average

Price Per

Share


     Number

   Percent

    Number

   Percent

   

Existing stockholders

   9,517,949            %     $ 70,273,000            %     $ 7.38

New investors

                              
    
  

 

  

     

Total

        100 %   $         100 %      
    
  

 

  

     

 

The share amounts in this table exclude 2,699,327 shares of our common stock that were subject to outstanding options and warrants as of December 31, 2003 at a weighted average exercise price of $5.69 per share of common stock. To the extent that any options or warrants are exercised, there will be further dilution to new investors. If all of our outstanding options and warrants as of December 31, 2003 had been exercised, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering would be $     per share, representing an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $     per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate decrease in the net tangible book value to our new investors of $    .

 

To the extent that the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option, there will be further dilution to the new public investors. If the underwriters exercise the option in full, the number of shares held by new investors will increase to     , or     % of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding after this offering.

 

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 SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

You should read the following selected consolidated financial data together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, and with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included elsewhere in this prospectus. The statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2002 and 2003, are derived from, and are qualified by reference to, our consolidated financial statements that have been audited by Ernst and Young LLP, our independent auditors, and that are included in this prospectus. The statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 2000 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 1999, 2000 and 2001 are derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this prospectus. On March 2002, we acquired all of the outstanding common stock of Dayrates AS. See note 3 of our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

We computed unaudited pro forma net income available to common stockholders per share for the year ended December 31, 2003 by using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, including the pro forma effects of the automatic conversion of our convertible preferred stock into shares of common stock effective upon the closing of the offering as if such conversion occurred on January 1, 2003.

    Year Ended December 31,

 
    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

 

Statement of Operations Data:

                                       

Revenues

  $ 11,395     $ 48,224     $ 37,979     $ 74,066     $ 132,341  

Cost of revenues

    6,886       31,960       28,992       51,136       90,319  
   


 


 


 


 


Gross profit.

    4,509       16,264       8,987       22,930       42,022  
   


 


 


 


 


Operating expenses:

                                       

Selling, general and administrative

    3,740       24,813       17,781       18,123       24,020  

Research and development

    1,102       9,874       4,473       3,933       3,847  

Stock compensation expense

    137       579       334       334       2,015  

Impairment loss–goodwill and other intangible assets

                      959        

Restructuring charges

                2,936       1,381        
   


 


 


 


 


Total operating expenses

    4,979       35,266       25,524       24,730       29,882  
   


 


 


 


 


Income (loss) from operations

    (470 )     (19,002 )     (16,537 )     (1,800 )     12,140  

Interest income, net

    124       1,378       1,268       493       444  
   


 


 


 


 


Income (loss) before income taxes

    (346 )     (17,624 )     (15,269 )     (1,307 )     12,584  

Income tax benefit

                            6,128  

Minority interest in loss of subsidiary

                      742        
   


 


 


 


 


Net income (loss)

    (346 )     (17,624 )     (15,269 )     (565 )     18,712  

Net decretion (accretion) of redeemable convertible preferred stock to estimated redemption value

    (22,245 )     15,187       635       (1,016 )     (44,533 )
   


 


 


 


 


Net loss attributable to common stockholders

  $ (22,591 )   $ (2,437 )   $ (14,634 )   $ (1,581 )   $ (25,821 )
   


 


 


 


 


Net loss attributable to common stockholders per share—basic and diluted

  $ (5.65 )   $ (0.59 )   $ (3.50 )   $ (0.38 )   $ (5.95 )

Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic and diluted

    4,000,000       4,123,171       4,186,497       4,194,588       4,341,247  

Pro forma net income available to common stockholders

                                  $ 18,712  

Pro forma net income available to common stockholders per share:

                                       

Basic

                                  $ 1.97  

Diluted

                                  $ 1.80  

Pro forma weighted average common shares outstanding:

                                       

Basic

                                    9,517,949  

Diluted

                                    10,405,711  
    December 31,

 
    1999

    2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

 

Balance Sheet Data:

                                       

Cash, cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities

  $ 6,114     $ 41,146     $ 29,881     $ 30,837     $ 42,298  

Working capital

    9,764       41,458       28,074       29,637       49,574  

Total assets

    13,595       59,628       44,072       49,171       82,451  

Total long-term debt and capital lease obligations

    53       1,863       1,510       741       565  

Redeemable convertible preferred stock

    30,855       70,058       69,423       70,439       114,972  

Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)

    1,882       (21,031 )     (35,416 )     (36,560 )     (58,069 )

 

 

 

 

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 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and the information contained under the caption “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could vary materially from those indicated, implied, or suggested by these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Overview

 

Advertising.com is a leading provider of results-based interactive marketing services. We operate principally in the United States, and also have operations in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden and Denmark.

 

Our business model. We deliver results-based interactive marketing programs for advertisers through a network of advertising inventory we purchase from web, search engine and email publishers. We use our proprietary AdLearn yield management and optimization technology to match individual advertisements to our inventory in a manner designed to maximize the revenues produced by our network.

 

The cost of inventory varies by publisher and by inventory source. The revenues we generate from any particular segment of inventory also varies depending on the specific advertisement shown on that inventory.

 

We offer our advertiser clients multiple pricing options, under which we charge only for achieved objectives, such as customer purchases or leads. The pricing options include cost-per-action, or CPA, cost-per-click, or CPC, and cost-per-thousand impressions, or CPM. We derive the majority of our revenues from CPA agreements.

 

We offer our publishers multiple payment options. We typically pay for our web inventory through fixed-rate contracts, under which we guarantee publishers in advance a CPM rate for specific inventory, or revenue-share contracts, under which we pay publishers a percentage of the advertising revenues we derive from their inventory. We use CPA and CPC agreements to pay email publishers and we use CPC agreements to pay search engine publishers.

 

We operate principally in one segment, interactive marketing services.

 

Our history. We were incorporated in August 1998 and began to generate revenues later that year. We financed our early operations and growth through several private sales of our equity securities, including two financings in 2000 that raised net proceeds of approximately $54 million. We also used a substantial portion of these funds to develop our network operations infrastructure in 2000. By the end of 2000, we had approximately 290 employees and four offices and generated $48 million of revenues during the year.

 

During the second half of 2000 and continuing through 2001, Internet-related commerce and advertising experienced a substantial decline and our business and results of operations were similarly affected. In response, we focused our efforts on reducing our costs and preserving cash. These efforts included a reduction in our workforce to approximately 190 employees by the end of 2001. During 2001, we also began to change our mix of advertiser clients, with an increasing portion being larger, more traditional advertisers as opposed to smaller companies focused principally on e-commerce.

 

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During 2002, our business and revenues began growing again. While the Internet advertising industry continued to contract, our revenues increased by $36.1 million, or 95%, from 2001 to 2002. During 2002, we also introduced our search engine management services.

 

During 2003, our revenues continued to grow to $132.3 million, and we reported income from operations in all four quarters totaling $12.1 million.

 

We commenced our international operations in the United Kingdom in late 2000 when we formed our majority owned U.K. subsidiary. This subsidiary operates under the same business model and offers the same services in Europe as we do in the United States. In 2002, we expanded our international operations in Europe through the acquisition of Dayrates, AS. Dayrates was an interactive marketing services company that operated in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom. We opened offices in France in November 2003. For the three years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, our international operations generated $1.9 million, $10.0 million, and $22.2 million of revenues, respectively. In 2003, we acquired the remaining minority interest in our U.K. subsidiary.

 

Trends that may affect our business and results of operations. We anticipate that over the next several quarters there will be changes in several historical trends or patterns in our business. These trends and patterns include the following:

 

  Ÿ Gross profit margin. We believe that our gross profit margin may be affected by increases in inventory costs, which we may not be able to offset with price increases, improvements in yield management and reductions in the non-inventory portion of cost of revenues.

 

  Ÿ Selling, general and administrative. We anticipate that our selling, general and administrative expenses will increase over the next several quarters as we incur expenses related to being a public company, including increased legal, accounting and insurance expenses.

 

  Ÿ Research and development. We anticipate increasing our investment in the development and deployment of new software products, new services, and significant new features to existing products and services.

 

  Ÿ Seasonality. Due to our short history, relatively small size and rapid growth, seasonality has not been apparent in our business. We believe, however, that the second and fourth quarters are generally stronger than the first and third quarters in the advertising industry. As our business grows, we believe these seasonal fluctuations will become more apparent.

 

Components of Revenues and Expenses

 

Revenues. Substantially all of our revenues consist of fees for services provided to advertisers for the delivery of advertising programs through our interactive media network. We recognize revenues when delivery of the contractually agreed-upon action has occurred. We communicate regularly with our clients regarding the results of their campaigns, on which we base our billing. We typically confirm those results with our clients prior to billing. Our revenue recognition practices are discussed in more detail in the section below entitled “—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.”

 

Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues consists of fees we incur to acquire advertising inventory, the cost of maintaining the software to place interactive advertisements, the cost of maintaining the computer systems that support our proprietary technology (including network operations staff, network hosting services, bandwidth and communications costs, depreciation of network gear, and the cost of database maintenance and support), the personnel costs of our publisher services division, and the costs of operational fulfillment, including traffic and product and delivery management personnel.

 

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Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses include the cost of our sales and marketing organizations, the cost of our business operations support group, and the cost of our corporate and administrative functions.

 

Research and development. Research and development expenses include costs to develop and deploy new software products, new services, and significant new features to existing products and services. For development activities that do not add significant functionality to our current products and services, and for new product development that has not reached a point of technological feasibility, we expense those costs as incurred. Once technological feasibility has been reached, we capitalize qualified costs of new product development, and significant upgrades and enhancements to existing products, and amortize these costs over the estimated useful life of the related product or service.

 

Stock compensation expense. We have recorded stock-based compensation expense for some of our equity awards provided to employees, non-employee directors and external consultants. Our accounting policy for recognizing stock compensation expense for each of these groups is described in the section below entitled “—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.”

 

As of December 31, 2003, we had an aggregate of $1.8 million of deferred stock-based compensation expense that will be recognized over the next four years as the related awards vest.

 

Income taxes. Prior to 2003, we incurred losses from our operations and, as a result, did not incur significant liabilities for income taxes. While we generated net operating loss carryforwards that resulted in deferred tax assets during this time, we recorded a full valuation allowance related to these deferred tax assets because of the uncertainty of their realization. In 2003, when it became likely that our U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards would be realized as a result of cumulative taxable income over the past three years, and our estimate of taxable income in 2004, we recognized the benefit of all historical federal and state deferred tax assets, based on a calculated effective income tax rate of 37.5%. This benefit was partially offset by a current tax obligation. We estimate that our effective income tax rate in 2004 will be approximately 38%.

 

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Results of Operations

 

The following table sets forth, for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, selected statement of operations data expressed as a percentage of revenues.

 

     Year Ended December 31,

 
     2001

    2002

    2003

 

Revenues

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %

Cost of revenues

   76.3     69.0     68.2  
    

 

 

Gross profit

   23.7     31.0     31.8  
    

 

 

Operating expenses:

                  

Selling, general and administrative

   46.8     24.5     18.2  

Research and development

   11.8     5.3     2.9  

Stock compensation expense

   0.9     0.5     1.5  

Impairment loss–goodwill and other intangible assets

       1.3      

Restructuring charges

   7.7     1.9      
    

 

 

Total operating expenses

   67.2     33.5     22.6  
    

 

 

Income (loss) from operations

   (43.5 )   (2.5 )   9.2  

Interest income, net

   3.3     0.7     0.3  
    

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes

   (40.2 )   (1.8 )   9.5  

Income tax benefit

           4.6  

Minority interest in loss of subsidiary

       1.0      
    

 

 

Net income (loss)

   (40.2 )%   (0.8 )%   14.1 %
    

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2003 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2002

 

Revenues. Revenues increased $58.3 million, or 79%, from $74.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 to $132.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. This growth was due principally to an increase in the average revenues from our 100 largest clients, which represented 75% of our 2002 revenues and 74% of our 2003 revenues, and which increased from $557,000 in 2002 to $980,000 in 2003. The revenue growth reflects increased demand for our results-based marketing services, both domestically and internationally, from existing clients seeking to increase the volume of desired outcomes, as well as new clients. The revenue growth also reflects price increases, primarily from existing clients seeking to obtain higher volumes of desired consumer responses. To a lesser extent, the revenue growth was due to the expansion of our search engine services and the introduction of our affiliate marketing services.

 

Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues increased $39.2 million, or 77%, from $51.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 to $90.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. The increase was due principally to the need to purchase greater quantities of inventory to deliver more and larger advertising campaigns and, to a lesser extent, increases in the price of inventory and internal non-inventory expenses related to the delivery of advertising programs.

 

Gross profit margin increased slightly from 31% in 2002 to 32% in 2003, as an increase in inventory costs was offset by the distribution of our non-inventory cost of revenues over the larger revenue base.

 

Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense increased $5.9 million, or 33%, from $18.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 to $24.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. This increase was primarily attributable to increases in sales

 

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compensation due to higher commission costs associated with higher revenues. Also contributing to the increase were higher personnel costs and other general administrative costs, including the costs to extinguish a large network data storage contract.

 

Research and development. Research and development costs were relatively stable, decreasing by $100,000, or 2%, from $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 to $3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2003.

 

Stock compensation expense. Stock compensation expense increased by $1.7 million from $334,000 for the year ended December 31, 2002 to $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. In 2002, this expense was due to charges resulting from the issuance of stock options granted to consultants in 1999 and 2000, which we are recognizing over the three- or four-year vesting period of the options. In 2003, this expense consisted principally of the value of equity awards granted to consultants in 2003 and, to a lesser extent, charges resulting from the issuance of stock options to various directors and employees at exercise prices that were subsequently deemed to be below fair value.

 

Impairment loss–goodwill and other intangible assets. For the year ended December 31, 2002, we recognized an impairment charge of $1.0 million associated with intangible assets recorded upon our acquisition of Dayrates in 2002. During 2002, the former Dayrates business did not meet the operating plan we had prepared at the time of the acquisition. As a result, the goodwill and a portion of the identifiable intangible assets associated with the transaction were deemed impaired and the assets were written down to their estimated fair value.

 

We did not recognize any impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2003.

 

Restructuring charges. For the year ended December 31, 2002, we recognized a restructuring charge of $1.4 million related to lease termination costs. There were no restructuring charges recognized during the year ended December 31, 2003.

 

Benefit for income taxes. During the year ended December 31, 2003, we recognized an income tax benefit of $6.1 million primarily associated with the reversal of a valuation allowance for certain deferred tax assets. See the section below entitled “—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” for further information on the factors we considered in assessing the realization of our deferred tax assets.

 

Accretion of redeemable preferred stock. We issued in 1999 and 2000 three series of redeemable convertible preferred stock, each of which is redeemable upon the occurrence of events that are outside of our control. All of the outstanding shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock will convert into shares of our common stock upon the completion of this offering. The redemption value of the stock is the greater of the fair value of the shares or its liquidation preference amount. The liquidation preference is the amount paid by investors, plus accrued and unpaid dividends. For the year ended December 31, 2002, the estimated redemption value of the stock increased by $1.0 million. This increase was due to an increase in the estimated fair value of our preferred stock. As a result, we increased the net loss attributable to common stockholders by this amount. For the year ended December 31, 2003, the estimated fair value increased an additional $44.5 million, and we reduced net income available to common stockholders by this amount.

 

Year Ended December 31, 2002 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2001

 

Revenues. Revenues increased $36.1 million, or 95%, from $38.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 to $74.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2002. This growth was due principally to an increase in the average revenues from our 100 largest clients, which represented 83%

 

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of our 2001 revenues and 75% of our 2002 revenues, and which increased from $314,000 in 2001 to $557,000 in 2002. We believe this growth reflects increased acceptance of our results-based pricing models. Our European operations, which commenced in 2001, also contributed to our increased revenues in 2002.

 

Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues increased $22.1 million, or 76%, from $29.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 to $51.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2002. The increase was due principally to the need to purchase greater quantities of inventory to deliver additional advertising programs.

 

Gross profit margin increased from 24% in 2001 to 31% in 2002 as an increase in inventory costs was offset by the distribution of our non-inventory cost of revenues over the larger revenue base.

 

Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative costs increased $340,000, or 2%, from $17.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 to $18.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2002. Selling, general and administrative costs increased only slightly during these two years primarily because an increase in sales expense associated with higher sales commission costs, additional sales personnel, and increases in the costs of sales travel and entertainment was largely offset by lower discretionary spending in marketing and reductions in general and administrative expenses.

 

Research and development. Research and development costs decreased $540,000, or 12%, from $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 to $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2002. This decrease resulted from the reallocation of employees from research activities to revenue-generating activities, the costs of which are included in our cost of revenues.

 

Stock compensation expense. Stock compensation expense was $334,000 for both the year ended December 31, 2001 and the year ended December 31, 2002. The expense was due to charges resulting from the issuance of stock options granted to consultants in 2000 and 1999, which we are recognizing over the three- or four-year vesting period of the options.

 

Impairment loss–goodwill and other intangible assets. We did not recognize any impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2001. In the year ended December 31, 2002, we recognized an impairment charge of $1.0 million associated with intangible assets recorded as part of our acquisition of Dayrates.

 

Restructuring charges. For the year ended December 31, 2001, we recognized restructuring charges of $2.9 million. These charges related to lease termination costs of $2.3 million and severance and related costs associated with a reduction in our work force of $640,000. We recognized restructuring charges of $1.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2002 related to lease termination costs.

 

Minority interest in loss of subsidiary. For the year ended December 31, 2002, our consolidated net loss was reduced by $742,000 as a result of allocating a portion of the net loss of our European subsidiary to its minority investors.

 

Accretion of redeemable preferred stock. For the year ended December 31, 2001, the estimated redemption value of our redeemable preferred stock declined $635,000. As a result, we decreased our net loss attributable to common stockholders by this amount. For the year ended December 31, 2002, the estimated fair value increased by $1.0 million, and we increased the net loss attributable to common stockholders by this amount.

 

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Quarterly Results of Operations

 

The following table sets forth statement of operations data for the eight quarters in the period ended December 31, 2003. This unaudited quarterly information has been prepared on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of this data. This information should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. We believe that our quarterly revenues and operating results are likely to vary in the future. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for any future period or for a full year. Factors that may cause our revenues and operating results to vary or fluctuate include those discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus.

 

     Three Months Ended

    

Mar. 31,

2002


   

June 30,

2002


    Sep. 30,
2002


   Dec. 31,
2002


  

Mar. 31,

2003


  

June 30,

2003


  

Sep. 30,

2003


  

Dec. 31,

2003


     (in thousands)

Revenues

   $ 14,008     $ 16,302     $ 19,468    $ 24,288    $ 26,600    $ 29,540    $ 34,251    $ 41,950

Cost of revenues

     9,938       11,376       13,207      16,615      18,012      20,197      23,579      28,531
    


 


 

  

  

  

  

  

Gross profit

     4,070       4,926       6,261      7,673      8,588      9,343      10,672      13,419
    


 


 

  

  

  

  

  

Operating expenses:

                                                         

Selling, general and administrative

     4,222       4,359       4,757      4,785      6,115      5,986      5,222      6,697

Research and development

     875       883       1,053      1,122      1,011      925      954      957

Stock compensation expense

     83       83       84      84      36      13      1,734      232

Impairment loss—goodwill and other intangible assets

                      959                    

Restructuring charges

           1,381                               
    


 


 

  

  

  

  

  

Total operating expenses

     5,180       6,706       5,894      6,950      7,162      6,924      7,910      7,886
    


 


 

  

  

  

  

  

Income (loss) from operations

     (1,110 )     (1,780 )     367      723      1,426      2,419      2,762      5,533

Interest income, net

     118       129       127      119      103      125      78      138
    


 


 

  

  

  

  

  

Income (loss) before income taxes

     (992 )     (1,651 )     494      842      1,529      2,544      2,840      5,671

Income tax benefit

                                          6,128

Minority interest in loss of subsidiary

     34       51       25      632                    
    


 


 

  

  

  

  

  

Net income (loss)

   $ (958 )   $ (1,600 )   $ 519    $ 1,474    $ 1,529    $ 2,544    $ 2,840    $ 11,799
    


 


 

  

  

  

  

  

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Since our inception in 1998, we have financed our operations and growth through sales of our equity securities, which have generated a total of $69.6 million, and, more recently, through operating cash flow. As of December 31, 2003, we had total cash and marketable securities of $42.3 million and $25.7 million in accounts receivable.

 

Our operating activities provided cash in the amount of $3.2 million and $14.0 million during 2002 and 2003, respectively. The primary reason for the growth in our operating cash flow was an increase during 2003 in the profitability of our operations. Our results improved from a net loss of $565,000 for 2002 to net income of $18.7 million for 2003. In 2002, we had positive operating cash flow for the year even though we had an operating loss. This was primarily due to the inclusion in our operating loss of non-cash charges of $4.8 million, including depreciation and amortization, an impairment charge associated with our acquisition of Dayrates and stock compensation expense. In 2003, operating cash flow was less than net income primarily as a result of increases in accounts receivable of $12.6 million, which substantially exceeded increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses due to our accelerating growth rate, and a deferred income tax benefit of $6.6 million.

 

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Investing activities included purchases and sales of securities with initial maturities of greater than 90 days, and capital expenditures. These securities include high-quality corporate paper, auction rate securities and government agency notes. Our investing activities provided cash in the amount of $1.9 million during 2002, as our redemptions of marketable securities exceeded our purchases by $3.5 million and were only partially offset by $1.5 million in capital expenditures. Our investing activities used cash in the amount of $12.7 million during 2003, of which $9.8 million was for purchases of marketable securities in excess of redemptions, and $3.0 million was for purchases of property and equipment.

 

Financing activities used cash in the amount of $811,000 during 2002, consisting primarily of repayments of capital lease obligations. Financing activities provided cash in the amount of $296,000 during 2003, primarily from the proceeds of the exercise of stock options.

 

As of December 31, 2003, we had total long-term debt and capital lease obligations of $565,000. The debt and leases consisted of amounts due for vendor-financed software and a business development loan due to the State of Maryland. We also had aggregate future lease obligations of $7.2 million for various operating leases, principally for office space.

 

As a result of our remaining federal net operating loss carryforwards of $12.0 million, we do not expect to incur a significant current income tax obligation in 2004.

 

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, excluding the net proceeds from this offering, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our rate of revenue growth, the timing and extent of spending to support development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the timing of introductions of new products and enhancements to existing products and the costs to acquire adequate inventory. Although we are currently not a party to any agreement or letter of intent with respect to potential investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses, products or technologies, we may enter into these types of arrangements in the future, which could also require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. The sale of additional equity securities or convertible debt securities would result in additional dilution to our stockholders. Additional debt would result in increased interest expense and could result in covenants that would restrict our operations. We have not made arrangements to obtain additional financing and there is no assurance that such financing, if required, will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

 

Contractual and Commercial Commitments

 

The table below represents our significant commercial commitments as of December 31, 2003. Loans payable and capital leases are reflected on our December 31, 2003 balance sheet. Operating leases, which represent commitments to rent office space in the United States and Europe, are not reflected on our balance sheet. As of December 31, 2003, we did not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements.

 

     Total

   Less than
1 year


   1 to 3
years


   3 to 5
years


   5+ years

     (in thousands)

Loans payable and financing arrangements

   $ 555    $ 293    $ 262    $    $

Operating leases

     7,199      2,256      4,910      33     

Capital leases

     10      4      6          
    

  

  

  

  

Total contractual cash obligations

   $ 7,764    $ 2,553    $ 5,178    $ 33    $
    

  

  

  

  

 

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

This discussion and analysis is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The following discussion addresses our most critical accounting policies and estimates, which are those that we believe are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require our management’s most difficult, subjective and complex judgments. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

 

Our accounting policies are more fully described in note 2 of our consolidated financial statements appearing later in this prospectus.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Substantially all of our revenues consist of fees for services provided to advertisers for the delivery of advertising campaigns through our interactive media network. We recognize revenues from advertising when there is evidence of an arrangement, delivery of the advertising or the contractually agreed-upon action has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable and the fee is probable of collection. Actions might include delivery of a performance-measured marketing event, such as a new subscription, or delivery of an advertising impression. All actions are delivered pursuant to a contract called an insertion order. This contract specifies which actions result in revenues and how any disagreements in measurement are resolved. We communicate regularly with our clients regarding the results of their campaigns, on which we base our billing. We typically confirm those results with our clients prior to billing.

 

Because we purchase publisher inventory irrespective of our ability to use such inventory and we assume all of the risk of collection from our advertiser clients, we recognize our revenues as a principal in media transactions. Accordingly, we recognize our revenues on a gross basis and reflect publisher expenses as a component of cost of revenues.

 

Allowances for Uncollectible Accounts Receivable

 

Although we carried a $26.9 million gross account receivable balance as of December 31, 2003, our expenses for uncollectible accounts have generally not been material to our operating results.

 

We use estimates to determine the amount of the allowance for doubtful accounts necessary to reduce accounts receivable to their expected net realizable value. In establishing the appropriate provisions for customer receivable balances, we make assumptions with respect to their future collectibility. Our assumptions are based on an individual assessment of a customer’s credit quality as well as subjective factors and trends, including the aging of the receivable balances and current and historical bad debt trends. Generally, these individual credit assessments occur prior to the inception of the credit exposure and at regular reviews during the life of the exposure and consider the customer’s ability to meet and sustain its financial commitments, the customer’s current and projected financial condition, the current and projected condition of the customer’s industry, and the economy in general. Historically, our actual collection experience has not varied significantly from our estimates, due primarily to our credit and collection policies and the financial strength of many of our customers. Receivables that are ultimately deemed uncollectible are charged off as a reduction of receivables and the allowance for doubtful accounts. We do not collateralize accounts receivable balances.

 

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Valuation of Equity Securities

 

We have issued options to acquire our common stock to our employees, directors and several consultants since our inception. In addition, we issued to investors several series of preferred stock in 1999 and 2000 that have redemption provisions outside of our control. We are required when issuing stock options and recording our redeemable preferred stock at estimated redemption value to estimate the fair value of these securities. Because there has not been a public trading market for our common stock prior to this offering, we have engaged independent valuation experts over the past four years to provide our board of directors with appraisals of our common stock to assist them with fair value determinations. In any appraisal, the valuation expert must utilize assumptions and make subjective determinations that ultimately affect the conclusions reached. Accordingly, there is an inherent subjectivity in making estimates of the fair value of our securities at any date prior to the completion of this offering. The following discussion summarizes how our estimates of fair value effect the amounts we report in our financial statements.

 

Redeemable preferred stock. We have several series of redeemable preferred stock outstanding that may be redeemed upon the occurrence of certain events that are outside of our control. We account for these securities as mezzanine equity. We record periodic charges to additional paid-in capital or retained earnings as we deem appropriate to accrete the value of the securities to their minimum redemption value, which is the greater of the liquidation preference amount or fair value.

 

Upon the closing of this offering, all of our outstanding preferred stock will convert automatically into shares of our common stock.

 

Stock-based compensation to employees and directors. We have elected to measure compensation expense for our stock-based employee compensation plans using the intrinsic value method prescribed by Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, rather than adopt the alternative fair value accounting method provided under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock Based Compensation. Therefore, we do not record any compensation expense for stock options we grant to our employees where the exercise price equals or exceeds the fair value of the stock on the date of grant and the exercise price, number of shares eligible for issuance under the options and vesting period are fixed. We comply with the disclosure requirements of Statement No. 123, which requires that we disclose our pro forma net income or loss and net income or loss per common share as if we had expensed the fair value of the options. In calculating fair value, we use a number of assumptions, as disclosed in note 2 of our consolidated financial statements.

 

Stock-based compensation to non-employees. We account for options granted to non-employees based on either the fair value of the services provided or the fair value of the options granted, whichever is more reliably measurable. In determining the fair value of options granted to non-employees, we use the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The model requires the use of several variables, including the estimated fair value of the common stock, the exercise price of the option, the expected dividend yield, the expected volatility of the common stock over the estimated life of the option, the expected life of the option and the risk-free interest rate.

 

Income Taxes

 

We account for income taxes using the liability method. This method requires the recognition of taxes payable or refundable, for the current year, and the recording of deferred tax liabilities and assets for future tax consequences that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. The measurement of current and deferred tax assets and liabilities is based on provisions of the enacted tax law. The effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not anticipated. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by the amount of any tax benefits that, based on available evidence, are not expected to be realized.

 

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In determining our ability to realize our deferred tax assets, we assess the likelihood of sufficient taxable income in either the carryback or carryforward period, under current tax laws, to utilize these deferred tax assets. In reaching our conclusion as to whether a valuation allowance is required, we also consider whether there is any negative evidence, such as cumulative losses in recent years, which would offset our expectation of future taxable income. Based on the cumulative U.S. taxable income that we have generated over the past three years, and our expectation of having federal taxable income in 2004, we believe that sufficient evidence exists to conclude that it is more likely than not that our U.S. deferred tax assets will be realized. We continue to maintain a valuation allowance on certain of our foreign deferred tax assets, as we do not have cumulative earnings in these foreign jurisdictions and, therefore, insufficient evidence exists at this time to suggest that these assets are realizable.

 

New Accounting Pronouncements

 

In June 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Statement No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities, which addresses the financial accounting and reporting for certain costs associated with exit or disposal activities. Statement No. 146 requires that these costs be recorded at their fair value when a liability has been incurred. Under previous guidance, certain exit costs were accrued upon management’s commitment to an exit plan, which is generally before an actual liability has been incurred. The provisions of Statement No. 146 are effective for exit or disposal activities that are initiated after December 31, 2002. Our adoption of the new standard in 2003 did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

 

The Emerging Issues Task Force of the FASB has issued EITF Issue No. 00-21, Accounting for Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables, which addresses arrangements that may involve the delivery or performance of multiple products, services, or rights to use assets, and for which performance may occur at different points in time or over different periods of time. EITF Issue 00-21 also addresses whether the different revenue-generating activities, or deliverables, are sufficiently separable, and whether there exists sufficient evidence of their fair values to separately account for some or all of the deliverables. The guidance applies to all contractual arrangements requiring performance of multiple revenue-generating activities not within the scope of higher-level authoritative literature. EITF Issue No. 00-21 is effective for all revenue arrangements entered into in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2003, with early adoption permitted. Our arrangements generally do not contain multiple elements, and our adoption of EITF 00-21 did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

 

On May 15, 2003, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 150, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity. This Statement establishes standards for classifying and measuring as liabilities specified financial instruments that embody obligations of the issuer and have characteristics of both liabilities and equity. Statement No. 150 generally requires liability classification for financial instruments that represent, or are indexed to, an obligation to buy back the issuer’s shares, regardless of whether the instrument is settled on a net-cash or gross physical basis. Our redeemable preferred stock is not subject to the provisions of Statement No. 150 because the securities are not unconditional obligations requiring us to redeem them by transferring assets at a specified or determinable date or dates or upon an event that is certain to occur. We expect to adopt Statement No. 150 in 2004, but do not currently have any financial instruments subject to the provisions of the standard. As a result, we do not expect our adoption of Statement No. 150 to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

 

In January 2003, FASB issued Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46, or FIN 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51. This interpretation of ARB No. 51, Consolidated Financial Statements, requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity investors in the entity do not have the

 

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characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. FIN 46 is effective immediately for all new variable interest entities created or acquired after January 31, 2003. For variable interest entities created or acquired prior to February 1, 2003, the provisions of FIN 46 as amended are effective for the first reporting period ending after March 15, 2004. We do not have an interest in any variable interest entities and, accordingly, our adoption of FIN 46 did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

 

Cash and marketable securities. We manage our investments with the goals of preserving capital, maintaining needed liquidity, and maximizing yield. Our portfolio generates interest income that is affected by changes in prevailing interest rates. Changes in interest rates can have an immediate effect on the interest income we earn. Interest rate changes can result in the retirement of certain callable securities, and a resulting need to re-invest at prevailing rates. We do not invest in interest-related derivative securities and do not have derivative exposure to interest rates.

 

Our portfolio at December 31, 2003 consisted of cash and overnight investments, corporate paper and auction rate securities, and government agency notes. Our portfolio included positions with maturities of greater than one year valued at approximately $7.1 million. The weighted average maturity of the portfolio, including cash, was approximately 268 days, and its weighted-average yield was approximately 1.46%. We classify all of our investments as available-for-sale, meaning that investments are reported at fair value, with any unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of our stockholders’ equity. As of December 31, 2003, net unrealized gains on securities available-for-sale were approximately $3,000.

 

Based on the composition of our portfolio at December 31, 2003 and its profile of maturities, we estimate that a one percentage point decline in interest rates would result in a decrease in annual interest income of approximately $280,000 and would have an immaterial impact on the fair value of our investments.

 

Redeemable convertible preferred stock. We may be exposed to market risk from changes in the fair value of our redeemable convertible preferred stock. The redemption value is the greater of the price paid for these securities plus cumulative unpaid dividends, or fair value. We record changes in the redemption value of these financial instruments as adjustments to net income available to common stockholders. These securities will automatically convert into common stock upon the completion of this offering, after which we will not be exposed to any market risk.

 

Foreign currency settlement requirements. We derived approximately 17% percent of our revenues in 2003 from customers outside of the United States. This business is transacted through our foreign subsidiaries in Europe, generally in the local currencies of these subsidiaries. Because we own assets overseas and derive revenues from our international operations conducted through our European subsidiaries, we may incur currency translation losses due to changes in the values of foreign currencies compared to our U.S. dollar reporting currency. In 2003, the effect of translation on our net investment in these subsidiaries reduced our consolidated net assets by $39,000, and over the last three years the average change in our net assets as a result of translation adjustments was $87,000. We do not expect in the foreseeable future that the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates will materially affect our reported comprehensive income or financial condition.

 

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 BUSINESS

 

Overview

 

Advertising.com is a leading provider of results-based interactive marketing services. We develop and sell innovative marketing programs to advertisers using advertising space, known as inventory, that we purchase from interactive publishers, primarily websites. We meet our advertiser clients’ demands for measurable returns on their marketing investments by offering them pricing models under which they pay us only for specified outcomes, such as customer purchases or leads. We combine our proprietary AdLearn optimization technology and our interactive marketing expertise to increase the effectiveness of results-based advertising programs. We improve our advertisers’ return by allowing them to pay us only for delivered results and we improve publishers’ return by paying them for their advertising inventory primarily through fixed-rate arrangements.

 

Our network. We deliver advertisements to targeted audiences through a network of website, search engine and email advertising inventory that we purchase from publishers. As estimated by comScore Media Metrix, advertisements we delivered across our web inventory alone reached 70% of all U.S. web users in February 2004. In that month, our network was estimated to be the largest third-party Internet advertising network in the United States, as tracked and defined by comScore Media Metrix. We use our AdLearn technology to identify different audience segments in our network and to predict how those segments will react to different advertisements. As the number of advertising campaigns we execute grows over time, AdLearn becomes better able to match advertisements to appropriate segments. Similarly, as the volume of advertising inventory grows, AdLearn’s ability to reach specific audiences and serve them relevant advertisements improves. As a result, we believe that the value of our network increases with each new advertising campaign we execute and with each additional inventory purchase.

 

Advertisers. We increase the return on our advertisers’ marketing investment by charging only for achieved objectives, such as a hotel room booking or the generation of a lead for a financial services company, primarily under a pricing model known as cost-per-action, or CPA. We offer our services directly to advertisers and also through the advertising agencies that work with them.

 

Publishers. We increase publishers’ return on their interactive properties by creating a large and consistent market for their advertising inventory at competitive prices. We purchase most of our inventory under cost-per-thousand impressions, or CPM, pricing. We believe CPM pricing provides greater predictability for publishers than arrangements that subject their return to advertising performance risk. In addition to purchasing inventory, we provide publishers ad serving technologies designed to improve ad delivery efficiency as well as traffic-driving services designed to increase the number of visitors to their websites. In 2003, our network included inventory from 15 of the 25 largest web properties, as measured by comScore Media Metrix in December 2003. We also worked with major search engines, including Google, Overture, FindWhat, Looksmart and Inktomi.

 

Our technology. We have developed proprietary technologies that enable us to plan, deliver and evaluate results-based interactive marketing programs. Our key technology is AdLearn, a proprietary yield management and optimization technology designed to maximize the revenues produced by our network. AdLearn employs a set of complex mathematical algorithms that uses the results of prior advertising campaigns to select and schedule the optimal advertisements to place on our inventory. We continue to improve AdLearn’s capabilities through our ongoing research and development efforts. Other proprietary technologies include our web and email ad delivery systems, ACE Serve and ACE Pro, and our self-service product, ACE Direct, which allows advertisers to automatically create, target and track online advertising campaigns across our network of web and email inventory .

 

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Industry Background

 

Growth of the Internet as an advertising medium

 

The Internet has become a powerful medium for advertisers to reach target audiences. IDC, a market research firm, projected that the percentage of U.S. households with Internet access will grow from 58% in 2003 to 73% in 2006. Furthermore, although households spend over 30% of their media time online, less than 5% of advertising dollars are spent online, according to a 2003 study by Forrester Research, Inc., a market research firm. We believe that this disparity, combined with the forecasted growth in the number of households with Internet access, will contribute to an increase in U.S. online advertising spending. Forrester projected that this spending will increase from $7.0 billion in 2003 to $12.0 billion in 2006.

 

According to reports prepared by PricewaterhouseCoopers and the Interactive Advertising Bureau, advertisements purchased using performance-based pricing models, such as CPA and CPC, as a percentage of total U.S. online advertising, grew from an estimated 10% in the first six months of 2001 to 33% in the first six months of 2003. We believe that these results-based pricing models will continue to grow as a percentage of total U.S. online advertising spending as more marketers adopt and expand their use of these models.

 

Advantages of Internet advertising

 

We believe Internet advertising has the potential to offer a number of advantages over traditional media, including:

 

Measuring consumer response. Advertisers using traditional media such as print and broadcast are limited in their ability to obtain direct information about consumers’ responses. The Internet provides an opportunity for advertisers to obtain a wide range of real-time information about consumers, such as how they come to a website, the content that they view, their response to particular advertisements, purchases they make or actions they take, and where they go from that website. Advertisers can potentially use this information to improve the effectiveness of their advertising campaigns.

 

Personalization and targeting. Because each Internet communication can be delivered to one user at a time, advertisements can be tailored to specific user interests and targeted to specific geographic regions, audiences and demographics. Advertisers can also control the number of times a user receives an advertisement and sequentially rotate the advertisements that are delivered to that user.

 

Reach. As an advertising medium with no geographic boundaries, the Internet enables advertisers to reach large global audiences. Unlike traditional media, which may require advance purchases in hundreds of markets to reach a global audience, the Internet offers advertisers the potential to reach audiences worldwide with a single Internet advertising campaign.

 

Accelerated sales cycle. The Internet provides advertisers the opportunity to accelerate a consumer’s progression from product introduction to product purchase. A consumer can often initiate an online purchase simply by clicking on an Internet advertisement, and can complete the purchase with only a few intermediate steps.

 

Challenges of Internet advertising

 

Individual advertisers and publishers seeking to take advantage of the Internet’s potential as an advertising medium face numerous challenges, including:

 

Measuring return on investment. For advertisers, accurately measuring their returns from interactive marketing programs can be difficult, particularly when executing campaigns that only measure the number of advertisements shown without regard to their effectiveness.

 

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Inventory fulfillment. Opportunities exist on every web page for publishers to display advertisements to their visitors. For publishers, the value of this inventory depends on finding a purchaser before the placement opportunity passes. In order to sell all available inventory, we believe publishers often accept lower advertising rates or payment terms that are tied to the performance of an advertisement. These types of arrangements may reduce publishers’ potential advertising revenues.

 

Complexity. The proliferation of websites and other online advertising media, such as email and search, make it difficult for advertisers and publishers to design and evaluate Internet advertising programs. An advertiser or publisher managing Internet advertising campaigns across different interactive media must reconcile multiple reports that may be based on different measurement methodologies and are therefore not easily consolidated or compared.

 

Relationship management. For advertisers and publishers alike, the complexities of Internet advertising make negotiating and executing contracts with multiple parties a significant administrative burden. Advertisers must be able to identify and manage multiple campaign aspects, including publisher agreements, available inventory, creative and technical requirements, performance metrics, measurement tools and pricing. Publishers, in turn, must continually assess the value and volume of their inventory, as it relates to their ad serving costs and revenue goals, when identifying, negotiating with and managing multiple advertiser prospects and clients.

 

Data analysis and technology requirements. The measurement and recording of a wide range of online advertising responses generate large amounts of data. Advertisers and publishers must analyze this data, which requires access to sophisticated data collection, storage and mining capabilities. Individual advertisers or publishers executing their own campaigns may not have sufficient data management and analysis capabilities, and accordingly the data from these campaigns may be underutilized or misinterpreted.

 

Operating costs. Developing, building and operating an Internet advertising management and delivery system that can fully exploit the advantages of Internet advertising requires considerable investment in complex networking and computing applications and systems.

 

The Advertising.com Solution

 

We offer results-based interactive marketing services that combine the reach of our network, our interactive marketing expertise and our proprietary technologies to improve the effectiveness of our clients’ Internet advertising programs. We believe our services provide the following advantages to advertisers and publishers:

 

Network reach. Through our network, the advertisements we delivered reached over 70% of all U.S. web visitors during February 2004, according to comScore Media Metrix. We believe the breadth of our network enhances our ability to reach the consumer segments that are most likely to respond to advertisements placed on our network.

 

Proprietary technology. Our optimization and ad serving technologies are designed to generate increased advertising revenues across our network in a fully automated manner. Our key technology is AdLearn, a yield management and optimization technology that is designed to maximize the revenues produced by our network. Our ACE Serve and ACE Pro ad delivery technologies offer sophisticated scheduling, targeting, delivery and reporting tools. Our ACE Direct self-service technology allows advertisers to create, target and track their own online campaigns.

 

Results-based pricing for advertisers. Our AdLearn technology enables us to offer results-based pricing models to our advertiser clients. We work with clients to determine their marketing objectives and develop programs under which they typically pay us only if their objectives are achieved.

 

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Volume for advertisers. We believe the combination of our highly scalable AdLearn technology and the reach of our network allows us to deliver results-based interactive marketing programs for advertisers who seek a high volume of consumer response, such as financial services companies.

 

Improved results to publishers. We provide publishers with a large and consistent market for their advertising inventory. We purchase this inventory primarily under CPM pricing arrangements which we believe provide publishers greater predictability than arrangements that subject their return to advertising performance risk. We also offer our publishers ad serving technologies designed to improve the efficiency with which advertisements are delivered using their inventory and traffic-driving services designed to increase the number of visitors to their interactive properties.

 

Cross-media solutions. We plan, test and implement marketing programs that use three primary online media – web, search and email – to reach target audiences. As a result, we are able to offer our advertiser and publisher clients a broad range of services that work across each of the major online media while eliminating their need to enter into separate arrangements with media-specific vendors.

 

Experience. Clients benefit from our five years of experience delivering results-based interactive marketing services. In executing advertising campaigns that resulted in over 60 million consumer actions in 2003 alone, we have acquired extensive data and insights regarding the effectiveness of a variety of online advertising techniques. Our sales and delivery teams use this experience to provide advertisers and publishers with strategies designed to increase the value of their online marketing activities.

 

Our Strategy

 

Our objective is to be the leading provider of results-based interactive marketing services for advertisers and publishers. Specific elements of our strategy include:

 

Aggressively pursue new advertiser clients. We intend to expand our advertiser client base by aggressively pursuing online advertisers seeking to obtain measurable results from their marketing efforts. Specifically, we will target advertisers dissatisfied with impression-based advertising programs. We will also aggressively focus on converting traditional media advertisers to Internet advertisers by demonstrating the benefits of our results-based interactive marketing services.

 

Increase revenues from existing advertiser clients. We will seek to increase revenues from our advertiser clients by selling them additional products and services designed to further increase the return from their interactive marketing investment.

 

Aggressively add new publisher inventory to our network. We intend to expand our network by aggressively pursuing new advertising inventory from our existing publishers as well as pursuing new publishers.

 

Develop new products and services. We plan to increase our research and development efforts in order to add new products and services that respond to emerging market opportunities and changing advertiser demands.

 

Continue to develop new technologies. We plan to continue to develop technologies that will enable us to plan and execute more effective interactive advertising programs for our clients. For example, we plan to develop new tools that will increase our clients’ ability to interact with us on an automated basis.

 

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Expand our international presence. We believe there is a significant opportunity to provide our services to companies based outside of the United States, particularly in Europe. Accordingly, we intend to continue to invest in these markets and to expand our service offering for our domestic clients to include advertising on websites directed at international audiences.

 

Our Network

 

We deliver results-based interactive marketing services for advertisers through our network of web, search engine and email advertising inventory. We use our proprietary technologies, as well as information we derive from executing prior campaigns, to deliver advertisements across the network inventory that we believe will most effectively produce the results desired by our advertiser clients.

 

Web. As estimated by comScore Media Metrix, advertisements we delivered across our web inventory alone reached 70% of all U.S. web users in February 2004. In that month, our network was estimated to be the largest third-party Internet advertising network in the United States, as tracked and defined by comScore Media Metrix. In addition, in 2003 our web network included inventory from 15 of the 25 largest web properties, as well as inventory from other individual content sites, portals and smaller advertising networks.

 

Advertisements delivered across the web component of our network are selected and scheduled by our AdLearn technology and delivered by our ACE Serve technology. In March 2004, we used ACE Serve to deliver over 14 billion advertisements for our clients.

 

Search. We assist advertisers seeking increased exposure among search engine listings. Our technology is designed to handle millions of search terms and, in 2003 alone, managed over 9.8 million search terms. A search term is a keyword or phrase that we manage for an advertiser on a specific search engine. We work with major search engines such as Google, Overture, FindWhat, Looksmart and Inktomi.

 

We help advertiser clients identify and manage lists of relevant search terms, known as keywords, and develop strategies for placing advertisements each time particular keywords are used in a search. Search engine publishers generally sell advertisements associated with particular search terms through a bidding process. Our AdLearn technology enables us to place keyword bids across multiple search engines in a manner designed to meet our clients’ overall campaign objectives.

 

Email. We provide our advertiser clients with multiple options to distribute email advertisements to targeted audiences. These options include distribution through our network of inventory from third- party email publishers, as well as distribution to our proprietary email subscriber lists or our advertiser clients’ customer lists. We also offer approved third-party email publishers the ability to select email advertisements for inclusion in their publications. Our ACE Pro email technology enables the delivery, tracking and reporting of email marketing campaigns. ACE Pro can be used to deliver email advertisements and customized campaigns, including e-newsletters, promotional offers and remarketing programs.

 

Network effect. We believe that the combination of our AdLearn technology and our interactive marketing expertise makes our network more valuable with each new campaign we execute and with each additional inventory purchase. As we execute new advertising campaigns, we learn more about how particular advertisements perform across the audience segments in our network. As our network inventory grows, our advertisements are able to reach a larger audience and we are able to identify more audience segments for advertising campaigns. AdLearn is designed to use the data we obtain about advertising performance on our network to continually improve the return from advertisers’ campaigns.

 

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Advertiser Services

 

We offer marketing services designed to increase advertisers’ potential return on their interactive marketing investment by delivering measurable results.

 

Results-based pricing options. We offer our services under multiple pricing options based on achieving our advertisers’ desired results. These alternatives include:

 

  Ÿ Cost-per-action, or CPA, where the advertiser pays us a fee based on the number of specified consumer responses, such as registrations, requests for information or sales, that its advertisements produce. The majority of our revenues is derived from CPA agreements;

 

  Ÿ Cost-per-click, or CPC, where the advertiser pays us a fee based on the number of clicks its advertisements generate; and

 

  Ÿ Cost-per-thousand impressions, or CPM, where the advertiser pays us a fee based on the number of times its advertisements are shown, referred to as impressions.

 

The pricing options by inventory source are as follows:

 

  Ÿ Web. We offer web marketing services primarily on a CPA basis. We also offer advertisers CPC and CPM pricing for web marketing programs.

 

  Ÿ Search. We offer our search engine services using results-based pricing or on a management fee basis. Our results-based pricing options include CPA, CPC and revenue-share. Under revenue-share arrangements, the advertisers pay us a specified percentage of the actual sales generated by our search engine services. Under management fee arrangements, advertisers pay us a percentage of the amount they spend on their search engine advertising placements.

 

  Ÿ Email. We offer email services to advertisers primarily under CPA and CPC pricing arrangements.

 

Customer acquisition services. We develop and execute interactive marketing programs designed to achieve sales, generate leads, acquire customers or potential customer information, drive traffic to clients’ websites or obtain specific customer feedback. We aim to achieve the preferred type and quantity of actions using a combination of delivery media and creative advertisement design.

 

Customer retention services. We offer interactive marketing services aimed at retaining and increasing the loyalty of our clients’ customers. We use our email delivery services and ACE Pro technology to enable our advertisers to remarket to their existing customers. Our services provide immediate delivery, precise targeting, sophisticated tracking and rapid response. We believe these services help our advertiser clients increase customer loyalty by assisting them in developing one-to-one relationships with their customers that extend beyond the initial transaction.

 

Promotions. We design and deliver interactive sweepstakes, printable coupons, instant-win and rich-media games, e-cards, rewards systems, forward-to-a-friend marketing and seasonal promotional programs. We deliver these programs across our network of web and email advertising inventory.

 

Affiliate marketing. We provide affiliate marketing programs that allow our advertiser clients to offer advertisements to our network of participating websites. Our affiliate publishers select the advertisements they want to place on their inventory, and we continually adjust the selection and pricing of these advertisements for each participating publisher based on how the advertising campaign performs on their inventory. Our services eliminate the need for advertisers to manage arrangements with multiple independent websites. We also help our advertisers manage some or all aspects of their affiliate campaigns, including creative design implementation, lead processing and results tracking.

 

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Brand building. Our branding services are designed to enable advertisers to optimize ad placement based on their measurable brand objectives, such as awareness, message association, favorability and purchase intent. Through automated consumer surveying, we can measure the branding effects of an advertiser’s campaign and automatically adjust ad placement accordingly to increase the effectiveness of the campaign.

 

Self-service marketing. Our self-service technology, ACE Direct, enables advertisers to create, target and track online advertising campaigns across our network of web and email inventory using an automated system.

 

Publisher Services

 

We increase publishers’ return on their interactive properties by creating a large and consistent market for their advertising inventory. We purchase most of our inventory under CPM pricing, which provides greater predictability for publishers than arrangements that subject their return to advertising performance risk. In addition to purchasing inventory, we provide publishers ad serving technologies designed to improve ad delivery efficiency as well as traffic-driving services designed to increase the number of visitors to their websites.

 

Inventory purchase options. We offer our publishers flexible inventory purchase arrangements that typically vary by category of publisher.

 

  Ÿ Web. We make the majority of our payments to web publishers under fixed-rate contracts where we pay a pre-determined CPM rate for specified inventory. These contracts typically have monthly or quarterly terms, and have mutual cancellation options that may be exercised on short notice, typically between 24 hours and 15 days. We also pay web publishers under revenue-share contracts where we pay a percentage of the advertising revenues we derive from their specific inventory.

 

  Ÿ Affiliate. For publishers in our affiliate program, the majority of contracts are under CPA pricing.

 

  Ÿ Search. We pay search engine publishers primarily on a CPC basis.

 

  Ÿ Email. We pay our email publishers on a CPA and a CPC basis.

 

Inventory fulfillment. We serve advertisements on our network inventory either by dynamic ad placement or under our affiliate program.

 

  Ÿ Dynamic ad placement. We use AdLearn to automatically select and schedule the majority of the advertisements we place on our network inventory.

 

  Ÿ Affiliate program. Under our affiliate program, we allow publishers to choose specific advertisements to show on their inventory.

 

Ad serving. We offer ad serving solutions for the delivery of advertising campaigns on publisher inventory. Our ACE Serve technology can be employed by publishers to deliver advertisements that we supply, enabling them to eliminate additional expenses related to serving our advertisements. We also license ACE Serve to publishers for their use in delivering third-party campaigns.

 

Traffic-driving services. We help website publishers increase the number of visitors to their properties by placing advertisements for their websites across our web, email and search engine inventory. We offer these traffic-driving services in the same manner as we offer advertiser services.

 

Our Technology

 

We have developed proprietary technologies that enable us to offer results-based pricing.

 

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AdLearn. Two core functions of Internet advertising technology are ad decisioning, which is deciding what advertisement to display, and ad serving, which is displaying the advertisement chosen. Most Internet advertising technologies in use today focus on ad serving rather than ad decisioning. We believe that ad decisioning yields a greater revenue impact and therefore we dedicate significant resources to developing and enhancing our proprietary ad decisioning technology, AdLearn.

 

AdLearn is an automated yield management and optimization technology designed to earn the greatest revenues possible from the advertising inventory we have purchased while simultaneously delivering specified results to our clients.

 

AdLearn employs a set of complex mathematical algorithms designed to determine the optimal advertisement to place on available inventory. For our search engine services, AdLearn is designed to determine the optimal advertisement to associate with a keyword search, and the optimal price to pay for that keyword. AdLearn determines the most effective and efficient placement for each advertisement served, based on a number of factors, including advertiser requirements, available inventory, historically observed behavior, externally provided data sources and current user session information.

 

The key benefits of AdLearn include:

 

  Ÿ True mathematical optimization. AdLearn employs true mathematical optimization theory to arrive at the optimal solution to the ad decisioning problem. We define the optimal solution as the advertising placement mathematically most likely, based on available information, to produce the greatest network revenues taking into account the historical performance of advertisements and inventory on our network. Most other ad decisioning systems of which we are aware use heuristics, which are algorithms that derive solutions that only approach the optimal.

 

  Ÿ Continual learning. AdLearn regularly tests new creative designs and media placements in order to identify new market opportunities to improve advertising campaign returns. In addition, each existing creative design delivered to each existing media placement creates additional learning that helps us further improve performance for our advertiser and publisher clients.

 

  Ÿ Knowledge base. As a result of operating our interactive media network for over five years, we have acquired a significant base of data and knowledge that allows us to launch new advertising campaigns without having to incur significant upfront learning costs. In addition, we can advise clients of effective creative, product and pricing strategies.

 

  Ÿ Multi-media optimization. We apply AdLearn across web, email and search engine inventory in a manner designed to maximize the revenues we generate from our network.

 

  Ÿ Automation. AdLearn is designed to operate in a fully automated manner. After AdLearn is provided with parameters such as contract pricing and specified customer response, AdLearn is designed to automatically determine the most effective and efficient advertising placements on our network inventory.

 

  Ÿ Audience segmentation. Each unit of advertising inventory represents an audience that will view advertisements placed on that inventory. AdLearn divides inventory into audience segments according to many different criteria, including context, placement, time-of-day, day-of-week, geography, demography, frequency, prior behavior, connection speed and domain name extension. Improved inventory segmentation typically means that more relevant advertisements are delivered to consumers, which we believe results in a greater likelihood that consumers will respond to the delivered marketing message.

 

ACE Serve. ACE Serve is our integrated ad serving software program. We also license this technology to website publishers. In March 2004, we used ACE Serve to deliver over 14 billion

 

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advertisements for our clients. ACE Serve supports advertisements incorporating a number of creative options, including HTML, DHTML, Javascript, Flash, Java, Bluestreak, Message Bay Audio, Eyeblaster, Eyewonder, Enliven, Pointroll and Unicast. ACE Serve can also deliver advertisements to specialized systems and devices using XML, SMIL, simple text and other data formats.

 

ACE Serve includes easy-to-use interfaces, flexible targeting and comprehensive campaign analytics. Among the technology’s key features are management tools to set the timing, frequency and other characteristics of ad delivery. We offer advanced options that enable publishers to target ad delivery by adjusting characteristics such as site, section, placement, page, position, geography, language, browser, operating system and keyword. We also provide inventory management features that are designed to assist publishers in calculating booked and available inventory by site and page, and in generating detailed campaign reports based on impressions, clicks and consumer responses according to creative design, placement and zone.

 

ACE Serve technology is designed to maximize uptime using redundant systems, and multi-tier internal and external monitoring services to eliminate single points of failure. In addition, our click-fraud detection and prevention capabilities and individual client log-ins enhance campaign security and integrity.

 

ACE Pro. Our ACE Pro email technology enables advertisers and publishers to collect customer-provided data, deliver email marketing campaigns and track and report email delivery statistics and post-click website activity. Advertisers use ACE Pro to deliver email advertisements to our internal subscriber lists, as well as to deliver customized campaigns to their own email customer lists. Publishers can also license ACE Pro to deliver and manage their email publications.

 

ACE Pro is designed to automatically collect and update registration data, including standard demographic fields, custom data fields and subscription status information such as purchases or customer service inquiries. ACE Pro uses this registration data to automatically create personalized email messages. ACE Pro can deliver email messages immediately to Internet users as they submit information using web forms or using other scheduling options. Advertisers and publishers can also use ACE Pro’s reporting functionality to track activity from their email marketing programs.

 

ACE Direct. ACE Direct is a self-service technology that allows advertisers to create, target and track their online campaigns automatically and directly across the web and email inventory in our network.

 

ACE Direct is designed to guide advertisers through the campaign process from creative design through delivery of the campaign. The process begins with ACE Direct’s design system, which allows advertisers to create customized advertisements from a selection of templates designed by our creative services team. Advertisers can incorporate their desired text and click-through web address into their selected template. Templates are available for banner, pop-up, skyscraper and text advertisements.

 

Advertisers can target advertisements to over 100 cities or metropolitan areas in the United States and to 13 additional countries. ACE Direct uses our AdLearn optimization technology to determine ad placement and ACE Serve technology to deliver such advertisements across our network.

 

Research and Development

 

We engage in three primary areas of research and development: optimization; ad delivery and related technology; and product development.

 

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We conduct our optimization research and development primarily in Mountain View, California where we have a staff of 14 employees. Dr. David Luenberger, a professor at Stanford University, also participates as a part-time consultant in our research activities. Our optimization research and development activities focus on improving our AdLearn technology.

 

We conduct ad delivery and related technology research and development activities primarily in Baltimore, Maryland. Our current projects include developing new technologies for ad serving, event tracking and reporting, search engine keyword management, email management and delivery, as well as developing new user interfaces.

 

We conduct the majority of our new product development through our seven-member product development team in Baltimore, Maryland.

 

From time to time we have used external sources to support our research and development efforts. Our research and development expenses were $4.5 million in 2001, $3.9 million in 2002 and $3.8 million in 2003.

 

Operations

 

Delivery. Each advertiser campaign is assigned a delivery manager who assists our client in meeting the campaign’s objectives. Currently, we have 13 delivery managers, each of whom is assigned to a specific sales team. The delivery manager must approve each campaign’s pricing and other terms and is responsible for the actual delivery of the campaign. Delivery managers are alerted to any issues with their campaigns by an automated monitoring system.

 

For campaigns that are underperforming, the delivery manager and the client have numerous options to improve performance, including changes to the campaign’s creative content, altering the definition of the consumer action desired or changing the campaign pricing.

 

Risk management. We manage the risk of selling results-based interactive marketing programs to advertisers through in-depth testing prior to launching a campaign. Before we execute a contract with an advertiser, we analyze the pricing and performance terms to determine, based on our experience with prior campaigns, whether we believe we can achieve the desired objectives. We accomplish this through AdLearn’s sophisticated testing protocol, which allows us to estimate the price necessary to achieve our client’s desired consumer action.

 

We manage the risk of buying advertising inventory from publishers through strict inventory management. We use AdLearn’s sophisticated testing protocol on new inventory before a significant purchase is made. If the inventory does not generate the expected results on our network, based on its initial price, we will work with the publisher to determine its value and will make our purchases based on that determination. We also monitor the inventory across our network on a regular basis to determine that our performance standards are being met.

 

We also manage risk through contractual arrangements with publishers that permit us generally to cancel a contract on short notice, typically between 24 hours and 15 days. This flexibility allows us to act quickly to address performance problems that we identify using our inventory management tools.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

We sell interactive marketing programs to our advertisers, primarily through our direct sales force consisting as of March 12, 2004 of four regional offices and 43 sales people in the United States and 25 sales people in Europe. Our account executives assist advertisers with some or all aspects of their campaigns, including media

 

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selection, creative advice, reporting and campaign monitoring. We generate sales leads primarily through field sales, client referrals, our website and responses to our marketing and public relations efforts.

 

We acquire advertising inventory through our publisher services group, consisting as of March 12, 2004, of two regional offices and 19 account managers in the United States and 11 account managers in Europe. Account managers work with publishers on inventory purchase and affiliate program agreements, as well as reporting and campaign monitoring processes. We generate publisher leads primarily through field sales, client referrals, our website and responses to our marketing and public relations efforts.

 

We market our products and services primarily through direct marketing, print advertising, online advertising, trade show participation and other media events. In addition, we actively promote our brand, products and services to potential advertisers, agencies, web publishers and industry analysts.

 

Advertiser Clients

 

Our clients come from various industries, including the educational services, financial services, information services, travel and pharmaceutical industries. No single advertiser represented 10% or more of our revenues in 2003. However, two companies affiliated with the Apollo Group represented, in the aggregate, approximately 13% of our 2003 revenues.

 

Publishers

 

In 2003, the publishers from whom we purchased inventory for our network included 15 of the 25 largest web properties. We also worked with major search engines, including Google, Overture, FindWhat, Looksmart and Inktomi.

 

Competition

 

We face intense competition in the interactive marketing services industry. We expect that this competition will continue to intensify in the future as a result of consolidations and the continuing maturation of the industry. We compete with a diverse and large pool of advertising, media and Internet companies.

 

Our competitors include:

 

  Ÿ Internet advertising networks;

 

  Ÿ search engine services companies;

 

  Ÿ targeted email service providers; and

 

  Ÿ affiliate management companies.

 

We also compete for the advertising budgets of clients and potential clients with:

 

  Ÿ websites ranging from the largest portals on the web to smaller specialized sites that sell advertising inventory directly to advertisers; and

 

  Ÿ traditional media companies, such as television, radio, cable and print media.

 

We believe the principal competitive factors affecting our business are the ability to offer results-based services to advertisers and publishers, ad serving and optimization technology capabilities, data analysis and reporting capabilities, client service and ability to measure return on investment. Additional competitive factors include each competitor’s reputation, knowledge of the advertising market, financial controls, geographical coverage, relationships with clients, technological capability and quality and breadth of services.

 

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Many of our existing competitors, as well as a number of potential new competitors, have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, larger client bases and significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we have. Also, many of our current and potential competitors have established or may establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties. In addition, several of our competitors have combined with larger companies with greater resources than ours. These competitors may engage in more extensive research and development, undertake more far-reaching marketing campaigns and make more attractive offers to existing and potential clients than we do. They could also adopt more aggressive pricing policies and may even provide services similar to ours at no additional cost by bundling them with their other product and service offerings. They may also develop services that are superior to our services or that achieve greater market acceptance than our services.

 

Privacy and Government Regulation

 

Privacy considerations are very important to our business. When individuals visit our clients’ websites, we use technologies, including cookies and web beacons, to collect information such as the user’s IP address, web pages within our network that have been viewed by the user and responses by the user to an advertisement delivered by us. We aggregate and analyze this information to effectively determine the placement and schedule the delivery of advertisements across our network. We have adopted a detailed privacy policy that outlines how we use consumer information that we collect and receive in connection with the services we offer to our clients, and the extent to which third parties may have access to this information. This policy is prominently displayed on our website.

 

We believe the growth of the interactive marketing industry depends on maintaining Internet users’ confidence in online privacy and their comfort with the way online businesses use information about Internet users. To this end, we have built our AdLearn optimization technology to deliver effective results-based advertising programs through the analysis of aggregated, non-individually identifiable information regarding Internet users’ behavior within our network.

 

Our business is subject to evolving government regulatory requirements relating to privacy, direct marketing activities, and business conducted over the Internet. We monitor Internet-related laws and industry practices in the United States and in other countries where we operate and we actively participate in a number of industry working groups on privacy.

 

Legislative proposals are currently pending before the European Union, the United States Congress and various state legislative bodies regarding privacy, direct marketing and data collection over the Internet. In addition, industry groups from time to time adopt guidelines and standards for interactive marketing practices. We cannot predict the impact of any future laws and industry standards, but it is likely that our business will have to adapt to changes in the Internet regulatory environment.

 

Intellectual Property

 

Our success and future growth will depend on our ability to protect our intellectual property. We rely primarily on patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, contractual provisions, and licenses to protect our intellectual property. In order to limit access to and disclosure of our proprietary information, our employees have signed confidential information and assignment of invention agreements, and we generally enter into nondisclosure agreements with third parties. We cannot provide assurance, however, that the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights will adequately deter infringement or misappropriation of those rights.

 

We claim copyright protection for the software components of our products and for the proprietary documentation for our products. As of March 31, 2004, we had registered 17 service marks and two

 

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trademarks related to our business, including the Advertising.com logo, and had applied for registration of eight additional service marks.

 

As of March 31, 2004, we had two provisional patent applications and 12 non-provisional patent applications pending in the United States for components of our technologies, processes and methods, but we have not been issued any patents to date.

 

While our patent applications, copyrights, trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important, we believe that our technical expertise and ability to introduce new products in a timely manner will also be important factors in maintaining our competitive position.

 

Employees

 

As of March 12, 2004, we had 220 U.S. employees, comprising 67 in sales and marketing, 19 in publisher services, 61 in technology, 9 in finance and 64 in general and administrative functions including human resources, facilities, executive, business development, legal and operations. In addition, as of that date, we had 32 employees in the United Kingdom, 13 in France, 7 in Germany and 14 in Scandinavia.

 

We believe that we have good relationships with our employees. We have never had a work stoppage, and none of our employees is represented under a collective bargaining agreement or by a union.

 

Legal Proceedings

 

From time to time, we may become involved in litigation relating to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. There are no claims or actions pending or threatened against us that, if adversely determined, would in our judgment have a material adverse effect on us.

 

Facilities

 

Our principal executive, administrative, engineering, marketing and sales facility currently occupies 44,000 square feet of office space in Baltimore, Maryland. The lease for this facility expires in November 2007, with an option to renew for an additional six-year term. We expect this facility will be adequate to meet our requirements through the end of 2007.

 

We also lease other sales and services office space in Chicago, Copenhagen, Hamburg, London, Mountain View, New York City, Oslo, Paris, San Francisco and Stockholm.

 

Our primary ad servers and other network systems are housed at a co-location facility in Sterling, Virginia. The lease for this facility automatically renews annually.

 

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MANAGEMENT

 

Executive Officers, Key Employees and Directors

 

The following table sets forth information about our executive officers, key employees and directors, including their ages as of March 31, 2004.

 

Name


   Age

  

Position


Scott A. Ferber*

   34    Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer and President

John B. Ferber*

   30    Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Product Officer

W. Gar Richlin*

   58    Chief Operating Officer

Jeremy E. Helfand*

   32    Senior Vice President, General Manager of Advertiser Services

Douglas McFarland*

   54    Executive Vice President, General Manager of Publisher Services

Thomas P. McMahon*

   35    Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

Stephen Root*

   35