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As Of Filer Filing As/For/On Docs:Pgs Issuer Agent
2/05/08 Davlin Philanthropic Funds N-1A 3:71 Mutual Sharehold..LLC/FA
Davlin Philanthropic Funds
Document/Exhibit Description Pages Size
1: N-1A Registration Statement of an Open-End Management HTML 277K
Investment Company
2: EX-99.B BYLAWS Miscellaneous Exhibit HTML 22K
3: EX-99.A CHARTER Miscellaneous Exhibit HTML 97K
| SEC Filing |
Securities Act Registration No. 333- ________
Investment Company Act Registration No. 811- ________
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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Pre-Effective Amendment No.___
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Post-Effective Amendment No.__
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY
ACT OF 1940
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Amendment No. __
¨
(Check appropriate box or boxes.)
Davlin Philanthropic Funds
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
44 River Road, Suite A
Wayland, MA 01778
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)
Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (508) 276-1705
William E. B. Davlin
Davlin Philanthropic Funds
44 River Road, Suite A
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
With copy to:
JoAnn Strasser
Thompson Hine LLP
312 Walnut Street, 14th floor
Approximate date of proposed public offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of the Registration Statement.
It is proposed that this filing will become effective:
o Immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
o On (date) pursuant to paragraph (b)
o 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
o On (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
o 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
o On (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.
If appropriate, check the following box:
o This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
PROSPECTUS
DAVLIN PHILANTHROPIC FUND
Davlin Fund Advisors [LLC]
44 River Road, Suite A
508-276-1705
As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
DAVLIN PHILANTHROPIC FUND
1
PERFORMANCE
4
FEES AND EXPENSES
5
HOW TO BUY SHARES
6
Opening an Account
6
Purchasing Shares
6
Minimum Investment
8
Other Purchase Information
8
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
9
Redeeming Shares
9
Redeeming By Mail
10
Telephone Redemptions
10
Redemptions-In-Kind
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Redemption Fee
10
Additional Redemption Information
11
DISTRIBUTION PLAN
11
VALUING THE FUND'S ASSETS
11
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
12
Dividends and Distributions
12
Taxes
12
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
13
SHAREHOLDER STATEMENTS AND REPORTS
13
PRIVACY POLICY
14
FOR MORE INFORMATION
BACK COVER
DAVLIN PHILANTHROPIC FUND
The Davlin Philanthropic Fund has the dual goals of providing investors with long-term capital appreciation while at the same time seeking to fulfill their desire for making charitable donations. Like all mutual funds, investors in the Fund own their pro rata share of the assets of the Fund, and receive their pro rata share of the Fund’s returns, less the fees and expenses. The special feature of this Fund is that instead of the advisor fee just going to the investment advisor, part of it will be donated to charity. The intent is to allow investors the ability to provide a recurring stream of donations to their selected charities without impacting, in a material way, their capital, which needs to be preserved for savings and retirement.
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The investment advisor (Davlin Fund Advisors) will be paid annually a fee equal to 1.00% of the Fund’s net assets to provide investment advice to the Fund and pay all of the Fund’s ordinary operating expenses.
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The adviser is committed to the philanthropic goals of the Fund, and has agreed to refund annually any of the Fund’s advisory fees that represent a profit to the adviser (“Reimbursed Fees”). (see below for example)
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The Fund will annually donate an amount equal to 0.50% of the Fund's net assets, plus any Reimbursed Fees, to a non-profit foundation (the Davlin Foundation). On an annual basis, the Foundation will distribute the Fund’s donations to various charities with guidance from the Fund’s investors.
It is the adviser’s expectation that, as the Fund grows and the adviser benefits from the economies of scale, the amount of annual donation will increase - both as a percentage of Fund assets and in real dollars. Through these economies of scale, the Fund hopes to make significant annual donations to a large variety of philanthropic causes.
THE FUND'S PHILANTHROPIC OBJECTIVE
The Fund seeks to provide donations on a dependable and long-term basis to a large selection of charities.
THE FUND'S PHILANTHROPIC STRATEGIES
The Foundation offers Fund investors two choices with respect to directing its donations. Under the first option, the investor gives the Foundation guidance on which philanthropic area to direct its donations (for example, feeding people in need) and leaves the Board of Trustees of the Foundation to pick the specific charities. Under the second option, the investor gives the Foundation guidance as to which charities should receive the donations. Under this option, the investor can choose up to three charities from an approved list. The Foundation has informed the Fund that, for operational reasons, the Foundation expects to start with a limited number of approved charities, but plans to expand that list over time to better reflect investors’ desires. However there can be no assurance that the Foundation will approve any specific charity. The Board of Trustees of the Foundation, in their sole discretion, will create the list of approved charities. Please visit www.DavlinFoundation.org (or link through www.DavlinFunds.org) for the list of approved charities and/or to submit your suggestions for charities that should receive consideration. Fund investors may change their donation choices on an annual basis. The Foundation has committed to the Fund that it will distribute the Fund’s donations, after paying its operational expenses, annually.
Another key component of the Fund’s philanthropic strategy is the economies of scale that come with growth in assets. In the beginning, when the Fund is small, it is anticipated that the adviser’s 1.00% fee will be used to pay expenses, and the adviser will have no profits to reimburse back to the Fund. This means that the Fund’s donation will be limited to .50% of the Funds net assets. However with the growth of Fund assets, the adviser expects that the cost of running the adviser, including paying the Fund’s ordinary operating expenses, will diminish well below 1.00% of the Fund’s net assets. The adviser has committed to return to the Fund through Reimbursed Fees any profit. This will allow the donations to charities to increase directly in proportion to the economies of scale realized by the adviser. For example, if the economies of scale allow the adviser to run its business for an amount equal to 0.75% on the Fund’s net assets, then the 0.25% profit to the adviser would increase the charitable donations by an equal amount, making the annual donation equal to 0.75% of the Fund’s net assets.
To assure the Fund’s investors and the Foundation’s Trustees that the adviser is working in good faith to promote charitable donations, the adviser has committed to disclose in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information the compensation paid for the previous calendar year to anyone owning shares in the adviser (including the portfolio manager, William Davlin) and any of their direct family members. It is the adviser’s hope that full disclosure will provide Fund investors and the Foundation’s Trustees with the information needed to judge whether the adviser is honoring its philanthropic commitment.
For the latest rules governing the acceptance or distribution of donations by the Foundation, please go to www.DavlinFoundation.org (or link through www.DavlinFunds.org).
THE FUND'S PHILANTHROPIC RISKS
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Charitable Designation Risk. Once the donations from the Fund and its investors are paid to the Davlin Foundation, the Foundation’s Board of Trustees will have full authority over the proceeds. In executing its mission, the Foundation has full authority to add or remove charities from its approved list, set minimum donation sizes or affect donations as they see fit. As such, there can be no assurance that the investor’s designated charities will receive their donations.
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Donation Risk: The Davlin Foundation has applied for non-profit status, but has not received it as of yet, and there is no assurance that it will receive it. If the Davlin Foundation fails to receive non-profit status, donations paid to it will be treated as revenue and any income derived from that revenue may be taxable to the Foundation.
THE FUND'S INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.
THE FUND'S PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
The Fund seeks to meet its investment objective by investing primarily in equity securities, including common stock, American Depository Receipts ("ADRs"), American Depository Shares ("ADSs"), and other investment companies, including exchange traded funds ("ETFs").
The Fund uses the following strategies to invest in equity securities, including ADRs and ADSs:
Investment Style – In managing the Fund, the investment adviser uses a value-style approach and invests in companies trading at a discount to their long term intrinsic value as measured by metrics such as a low price-to-earnings, price-to-cash-flow, and/or price-to-book ratio. Through this value-style investment strategy, the Fund seeks to maximize the potential for capital appreciation while minimizing investment risk.
Company Characteristics – The Fund invests in good companies, as defined on a historical basis by metrics such as a high return on assets, return on equity, and/or return on risk capital, that in the portfolio manager’s opinion have stock prices that do not adequately reflect their long term intrinsic value. Often the stock prices for the types of companies in which the Fund invests have declined due to bad news from the company or its sector, or a misunderstanding in the market. While these companies may be facing obstacles, they may have favorable features such as capable and stable management teams, established brands, large insider ownership, undervalued assets, substantial cash reserves, and little debt.
Market Capitalization Range – The Fund seeks to find value without regard to a specified market capitalization range. However, since companies with market caps less than $1 billion represent the largest number of publicly trades stocks and tend to be the most volatile, the Fund believes this segment of the market provides the largest number of opportunities for investment, and thus, will be well represented in the Fund's portfolio.
Trading Strategy – It is the investment adviser's belief that superior returns are generated by investing in good companies at discounted prices and holding those investments until such time that a company's stock price rise above that company's long term intrinsic value. As such, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate is expected to be less than 100% annually.
Due Diligence – The investment adviser utilizes a qualitative research style that focuses on speaking with sources like management, stock analysts, industry analysts, trade association representatives, competitors, vendors, customers and former employees to gain insight on companies.
The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, including mutual funds, closed-end funds and ETFs ("Underlying Funds") to achieve exposure to a particular segment of the economy or geographic region. For instance, the Fund may invest in a particular Underlying Fund as a means to gain exposure to a particular industry or sector, or a particular geographic region. If the Fund acquires shares of Underlying Funds, including a money market fund, you will be subject to additional management fees attributable to the Underlying Fund.
For temporary defensive purposes, under adverse market conditions, the Fund may hold all or a substantial portion of its assets in a combination of short-term U.S. Government or high quality money market instruments, repurchase agreements collateralized by such securities, money market funds or other cash equivalents. The Fund may also invest a substantial portion of its assets in such instruments at any time to maintain liquidity or pending selection of investments in accordance with its policies. When and to the extent the Fund assumes such a temporary defensive position, it may not pursue or achieve its investment objective.
THE FUND'S PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT RISKS
All mutual funds carry a certain amount of risk. The Fund's returns will vary and you could lose money on your investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency. Below are some specific risks of investing in the Fund.
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Management Risk. The investment adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular asset class or individual security in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect and there is no guarantee that the adviser’s judgment will produce the desired results.
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Security Risk. The value of the Fund may decrease in response to the activities and financial prospects of individual securities in the Fund’s portfolio.
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Market Risk. Overall stock market risks may also affect the value of the Fund. Factors such as domestic and international economic growth and market conditions, interest rate levels and political events affect the securities markets.
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Underlying Fund Limitations and Expenses Risks. The Fund may invest in other Underlying Funds. Investors in the Fund will indirectly bear fees and expenses charged by the Underlying Funds in which the Fund invests in addition to the Fund’s direct fees and expenses. The Fund also will incur brokerage costs when it purchases ETFs and closed-end funds. Furthermore, investments in other funds could affect the timing, amount and character of distributions to shareholders and therefore may increase the amount of taxes payable by investors in the Fund. The Fund is best suited for long-term investors.
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Underlying Fund Risks. The ETFs and index funds in which the Fund invests will not be able to replicate exactly the performance of the indices they track because the total return generated by the securities will be reduced by transaction costs incurred in adjusting the actual balance of the securities. In addition, the ETFs and index funds will incur expenses not incurred by their applicable indices. Certain securities comprising the indices tracked by these investments may, from time to time, temporarily be unavailable, which may further impede the ability of the ETFs and index funds to track their applicable indices. The Fund may invest in shares of closed-end funds that are trading at a discount to net asset value or at a premium to net asset value. There can be no assurance that the market discount on shares of any closed-end fund purchased by the Fund will ever decrease. In fact, it is possible that this market discount may increase and the Fund may suffer realized or unrealized capital losses due to further decline in the market price of the securities of such closed-end funds, thereby adversely affecting the net asset value of the Fund's shares.
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Smaller Company Risk. The Fund may invest in smaller capitalization companies (that is, companies with market capitalizations of $1 billion or less). The earnings and prospects of smaller companies are more volatile than those of larger companies. Smaller companies also may experience higher failure rates than do larger companies. In addition, the securities of smaller companies may trade less frequently and in smaller volumes than the securities of larger companies, which may disproportionately affect their market price, tending to make them fall more in response to selling pressure than is the case with larger companies. Finally, smaller companies may have limited markets, product lines or financial resources and may lack management experience.
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Foreign Investing Risk. Because the Fund may invest in ADRs, ADS's, and Underlying Funds that hold foreign debt and equity securities, including the debt of foreign governments and supranational organizations, it is subject to foreign investing risk. Foreign investing involves risks not typically associated with U.S. investments. These risks include, among others, adverse fluctuations in foreign currency values as well as adverse political, social and economic developments affecting a foreign country. In addition, foreign investing involves less publicly available information, and more volatile or less liquid securities markets. Investments in foreign countries could be affected by factors not present in the U.S., such as restrictions on receiving the investment proceeds from a foreign country, foreign tax laws, and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. Foreign accounting may be less transparent than U.S. accounting practices and foreign regulation may be inadequate or irregular. Owning foreign securities could cause the Fund’s performance to fluctuate more than if it held only U.S. securities.
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No History of Operations. The Fund is a new mutual fund and has no history of operation. In addition, the adviser has not previously managed a mutual fund. Mutual funds and their advisers are subject to restrictions and limitations imposed by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the Internal Revenue Code that do not apply to the adviser's management of individual and institutional accounts. As a result, investors cannot judge the adviser by its track record managing a mutual fund and the adviser may not achieve its intended result in managing the Fund.
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Charitable Designation Risk. Once the donations from the Fund and its investors are paid to the Davlin Foundation, the Foundation’s Board of Trustees will have full authority over the proceeds as provided in its Article of Organization and by-laws (available at www.DavlinFoundation.org or link through www.DavlinFunds.org ). In executing its mission, the Foundation has full authority to add or remove charities from its approved list, set minimum donation sizes or affect donations as they see fit. As such, there can be no assurance that the investor’s designated charities will receive their donations.
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Donation Risk: The Davlin Foundation has applied for non-profit status, but has not received it as of yet, and there is no assurance that it will receive it. If the Davlin Foundation fails to receive non-profit status, donations paid to it will be treated as revenue and any income derived from that revenue may be taxable to the Foundation.
PERFORMANCE
Performance information is not included because the Fund had not commenced operations prior to the date of this Prospectus.
FEES AND EXPENSES
The tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
SHAREHOLDER FEES | ||
(fees paid directly from your investment) | ||
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases | NONE | |
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) | NONE | |
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of the amount redeemed)1 | 1.00% | |
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES | ||
(expenses that are deducted from Fund assets) | ||
Management Fee 2 | 1.00% | |
Distribution (12b-1) Fees3 | 0.00% | |
Charitable Contributions | 0.50% | |
Acquired Funds Fees and Expenses [Underlying Funds] 4 | 0.05% | |
Other Expenses | 0.00% | |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 1.55% |
EXAMPLE:
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated, reinvest dividends and distributions, and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses are as described in the Fees and Expenses table. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year | 3 Years | |
Davlin Philanthropic Fund | $______ | $_____ |
1 The Fund will impose a 1.00% redemption fee on shares redeemed within 1 year of purchase. For more information, please see "Redemption Fee" in this prospectus. [A wire transfer fee of $____ will be charged to defray custodial charges for redemptions paid by wire transfer. Certain intermediaries may waive the wire transfer fee.]
2 The adviser pays all of the expenses on the Fund, excluding the Fund's charitable donations, brokerage costs, borrowing costs, such as (a) interest and (b) dividends on securities sold short, taxes, indirect expenses incurred by underlying funds, and extraordinary expenses. For more information, please see "Management of the Fund" in this prospectus.
3 The Fund has adopted a 0.25% Rule 12b-1 Plan; however the Plan has not been activated and the Fund has no present intention to activate the plan.
4 Each Underlying Fund in which the Fund invests bears it own annual fund operating expenses, similar to those of the Fund.
OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND
The investment objective of the Fund may be changed without shareholder approval; however, you will be given advance notice of any changes. Information about the Fund's policies and procedures with respect to disclosure of the Fund's portfolio holdings is included in the Statement of Additional Information.
From time to time, the Fund may hold all or a portion of its assets in cash or cash equivalents pending investment, when investment opportunities are limited, or when attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. Cash equivalents include certificates of deposit; short term, high quality taxable debt securities; money market funds and repurchase agreements. If the Fund invests in shares of a money market fund or other investment company, the shareholders of the Fund generally will be subject to duplicative management fees. These temporary defensive positions may be inconsistent with the Fund’s principal investment strategy and, as a result of engaging in these temporary measures, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.
HOW TO BUY SHARES
OPENING AN ACCOUNT
The Fund is a series of Davlin Philanthropic Funds and you may purchase shares directly from Davlin Philanthropic Funds. You also may purchase shares through a brokerage firm or other intermediary that has contracted with Davlin Philanthropic Funds to sell shares of the Fund. You may be charged a separate fee by the brokerage firm or other intermediary through whom you purchase share.
If you are investing directly in the Fund for the first time, please call the Fund's transfer agent at [1-xxx-xxx-xxxx] to request a Shareholder Account Application. You will need to establish an account before investing. Be sure to sign up for all the account options that you plan to take advantage of. For example, if you would like to be able to redeem you shares by telephone, you should select this option on your Shareholder Account Application. Doing so when you open your account means that you will not need to complete additional paperwork later.
Your investment in the Fund should be intended as a long-term investment vehicle. The Fund is not designed to provide you with a means of speculating on the short-term fluctuations in the stock market. The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request that it regards as disruptive to the efficient management of the Fund, which includes investors with a history of excessive trading. The Fund also reserves the right to stop offering shares at any time.
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. This means that when you open an account, we will ask for your name, address, date of birth, and other information that will allow us to identify you. We also may ask for other identifying documents or information, and may take additional steps to verify your identity. We may not be able to open your account or complete a transaction for you until we are able to verify your identity.
If you have any questions regarding the Fund, please call [1-xxx-xxx-xxxx].
PURCHASING SHARES
You may buy shares on any "business day." Business days are Monday through Friday, other than days the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is closed, including the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas Day.
Shares of the Fund are sold at net asset value ("NAV") per share. The NAV generally is calculated as of the close of trading on the NYSE every day the NYSE is open. The NYSE normally closes at 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time ("ET"). The Fund's NAV is calculated by taking the total value of the Fund’s assets, subtracting its liabilities, and then dividing by the total number of shares outstanding, rounded to the nearest cent.
If you are purchasing directly from Davlin Philanthropic Funds, send the completed Shareholder Account Application and a check payable to the Fund in which you are investing to the following address:
Davlin Philanthropic Funds
c/o ________________________
___________________________
__________________________
Purchases orders received in "proper form" by the Fund's transfer agent before the close of trading on the NYSE will be effective at the NAV next calculated after your order is received. On occasion, the NYSE closes before 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. When that happens, purchase orders received after the NYSE closes will be effective the following business day.
To be in "proper form," the purchase order must include:
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Fund name and account number;
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Account name(s) and address;
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The dollar amount or number of shares you wish to purchase.
The Fund may limit the amount of purchases and refuse to sell to any person or institution.
Method of Payment. All purchases (both initial and subsequent) must be made in U.S. dollars and checks must be drawn on U.S. banks. Cash, credit cards and third party checks will not be accepted. Third party checks and checks drawn on a non-U.S. financial institution will not be accepted, even if payment may be effected through a U.S. financial institution. Checks made payable to any individual or company and endorsed to Davlin Philanthropic Funds or the Fund are considered third-party checks.
A $25 fee will be charged against your account for any payment check returned to the transfer agent or for any incomplete electronic funds transfer, or for insufficient funds, stop payment, closed account or other reasons. If a check does not clear your bank or the Fund is unable to debit your predesignated bank account on the day of purchase, the Fund reserves the right to cancel the purchase. If your purchase is canceled, you will be responsible for any losses or fees imposed by your bank and losses that may be incurred as a result of a decline in the value of the canceled purchase. The Fund (or the Fund agent) have the authority to redeem shares in your account(s) to cover any losses due to fluctuations in share price. Any profit on such cancellation will accrue to the Fund.
If you choose to pay by wire, you must call the Fund's transfer agent, at 1-[xxx-xxx-xxxx] to set up your account, to obtain an account number, and obtain instructions on how to complete the wire transfer.
Wire orders will be accepted only on a day on which the Fund, custodian and transfer agent are open for business. A wire purchase will not be considered made until the wired money and the purchase order are received by the Fund. Any delays that may occur in wiring money, including delays that may occur in processing by the banks, are not the responsibility of the Fund or its transfer agent. The Fund presently does not charge a fee for the receipt of wired funds, but the Fund may charge shareholders for this service in the future.
MINIMUM INVESTMENTS
The minimum initial investment is $2,500. For an IRA account, the minimum initial investment is $1,500. You are required to maintain a minimum account balance equal to the minimum initial investment in the Fund, and may be required to redeem your shares if the value of your shares in the Fund fall below the minimum initial investment due to redemptions. For more information, please read "Additional Redemption Information".
The Fund reserves the right to change the amount of these minimums from time to time or to waive them in whole or in part for certain accounts. Investment minimums may be higher or lower for investors purchasing shares through a brokerage firm or other financial institution. To the extent investments of individual investors are aggregated into an omnibus account established by an investment adviser, brokerage firm, retirement plan sponsor or other intermediary, the account minimums apply to the omnibus account, not to the account of the individual investor.
For accounts sold through brokerage firms and other intermediaries, it is the responsibility of the brokerage firm or intermediary to enforce compliance with investment minimums.
OTHER PURCHASE INFORMATION
If your wire does not clear, you will be responsible for any loss incurred by the Fund. If you are already a shareholder, the Fund can redeem shares from any identically registered account in the Fund as reimbursement for any loss incurred. You may be prohibited or restricted from making future purchases in the Fund.
The Fund may authorize certain brokerage firms and other intermediaries (including its designated correspondents) to accept purchase and redemption order on its behalf. The Fund is deemed to have received an order when the authorized person or designee receives the order, and the order is processed at the NAV next calculated thereafter. It is the responsibility of the brokerage firm or other intermediary to transmit orders promptly to the Fund’s transfer agent.
Davlin Philanthropic Funds discourages market timing. Market timing is an investment strategy using frequent purchases, redemptions and/or exchanges in an attempt to profit from short term market movements. Market timing may result in dilution of the value of the Fund's shares held by long term shareholders, disrupt portfolio management and increase Fund expenses for all shareholders. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in small capitalization companies. Because these securities are often infrequently traded, investors may seek to trade Fund shares in an effort to benefit from their understanding of the value of these securities (referred to as price arbitrage). Any such frequent trading strategies may interfere with efficient management of the Fund's portfolio to a greater degree than funds that invest in highly liquid securities, in part because the Fund may have difficulty selling these portfolio securities at advantageous times or prices to satisfy large and/or frequent redemption requests. Any successful price arbitrage also may cause dilution in the value of Fund shares held by other shareholders. The Board of Trustees has adopted a policy directing the Fund to reject any purchase order with respect to one investor, a related group of investors or their agent(s), where it detects a pattern of purchases and sales of the Fund that indicates market timing or trading that it determines is abusive. This policy applies to all Fund shareholders. While the Fund attempts to deter market timing, there is no assurance that they will be able to identify and eliminate all market timers. For example, certain accounts called “omnibus accounts” include multiple shareholders. Omnibus accounts typically provide the Fund with a net purchase or redemption request on any given day. That is, purchasers of Fund shares and redeemers of Fund shares are netted against one another and the identities of individual purchasers and redeemers whose orders are aggregated are not known by the Fund. The netting effect often makes it more difficult for the Fund to detect market timing, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to do so.
The Fund also will impose a redemption fee on shares redeemed within 1 year of purchase. For more information, please see "Redemption Fee" in this prospectus.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
REDEEMING SHARES
You may redeem your shares on any business day. Redemption orders received in proper form by the Fund's transfer agent or by a brokerage firm or other intermediary selling Fund shares before 4:00 p.m. ET (or before the NYSE closes if the NYSE closes before 4:00 p.m. ET) will be processed at that day's NAV. Your brokerage firm or intermediary may have an earlier cut-off time.
“Proper form” means your request for redemption must:
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Include the Fund name and account number;
·
Include the account name(s) and address;
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State the dollar amount or number of shares you wish to redeem; and
·
Be signed by all registered share owner(s) in the exact name(s) and any special capacity in which they are registered.
The Fund may require that the signatures be guaranteed if you request the redemption check be made payable to any person other than the shareholder(s) of record or mailed to an address other than the address of record, or if the mailing address has been changed within 30 days of the redemption request. The Fund also may require that signatures be guaranteed for redemptions of $25,000 or more. Signature guarantees are for the protection of shareholders. You can obtain a signature guarantee from most banks and securities dealers, but not from a notary public. All documentation requiring a signature guarantee must utilize a New Technology Medallion stamp. For joint accounts, both signatures must be guaranteed. Please call the transfer agent at [1-xxx-xxx-xxxx] if you have questions regarding signature guarantees. At the discretion of the Fund, you may be required to furnish additional legal documents to insure proper authorization.
Shares of the Fund may be redeemed by mail or telephone. You may receive redemption payments in the form of a check or federal wire transfer. A wire transfer fee of $25 will be charged to defray custodial charges for redemptions paid by wire transfer. Any charges for wire redemptions will be deducted from your account by redemption of shares. If you redeem your shares through a brokerage firm or other intermediary, you may be charged a fee by that institution.
REDEEMING BY MAIL
You may redeem any part of your account in the Fund by mail at no charge. Your request, in proper form, should be addressed to:
Davlin Philanthropic Funds
c/o _________________________
____________________________
___________________________
TELEPHONE REDEMPTIONS
You may redeem any part of your account in the Fund by calling the transfer agent at [1-xxx-xxx-xxxx]. You must first complete the Optional Telephone Redemption and Exchange section of the investment application to institute this option. The Fund, the transfer agent and the custodian are not liable for following redemption instructions communicated by telephone to the extent that they reasonably believe the telephone instructions to be genuine. However, if they do not employ reasonable procedures to confirm that telephone instructions are genuine, they may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions. Procedures employed may include recording telephone instructions and requiring a form of personal identification from the caller.
The Fund may terminate the telephone redemption procedures at any time. During periods of extreme market activity it is possible that shareholders may encounter some difficulty in telephoning the Fund, although neither the Fund nor the transfer agent has ever experienced difficulties in receiving and responding to telephone requests for redemptions or exchanges in a timely fashion. If you are unable to reach the Fund by telephone, you may request a redemption or exchange by mail.
REDEMPTIONS-IN-KIND
Generally, all redemptions will be for cash. However, if you redeem shares worth more than $250,000 or 1% of the value of the Fund's assets, the Fund reserves the right to pay all or part of your redemption proceeds in readily marketable securities instead of cash under unusual circumstances in order to protect the interests of remaining shareholders, or to accommodate a request by a particular shareholder. If payment is made in securities, the Fund will value the securities selected in the same manner in which it computes its NAV. This process minimizes the effect of large redemptions on the Fund and its remaining shareholders. In the event that an in-kind distribution is made, you may incur additional expenses, such as the payment of brokerage commissions, on the sale or other disposition of the securities received from the Fund.
REDEMPTION FEE
Shareholders that redeem shares within one year of purchase will be assessed a redemption fee of 1.00% of the amount redeemed. The Fund uses a “first in, first out” method for calculating the redemption fee. This means that shares held the longest will be redeemed first, and shares held the shortest time will be redeemed last. Systematic withdrawal and/or contribution programs, mandatory retirement distributions, involuntary redemptions of small accounts by the Fund, and transactions initiated by a retirement plan sponsor or participant are not subject to the redemption fee. The redemption fee is paid directly to and retained by the Fund, and is designed to deter excessive short-term trading and to offset brokerage commissions, market impact, and other costs that may be associated with short-term money movement in and out of the Fund. Due to operational considerations, certain brokerage firms and intermediaries may not impose a redemption fee. You should contact your brokerage firm or intermediary for more information on whether the redemption fee will applied to redemptions of your shares.
The Fund reserves the right to modify or eliminate the redemption fee or waivers at any time. If there is a material change to the Fund's redemption fee, the Fund will notify you at least 60 days prior to the effective date of the change.
ADDITIONAL REDEMPTION INFORMATION
If you are not certain of the redemption requirements, please call the transfer agent at [1-xxx-xxx-xxxx]. Redemptions specifying a certain date or share price cannot be accepted and will be returned. You will be mailed the proceeds on or before the fifth business day following the redemption. You may be assessed a fee if the Fund incurs bank charges because you request that the Fund re-issue a redemption check. Also, when the NYSE is closed (or when trading is restricted) for any reason other than its customary weekend or holiday closing or under any emergency circumstances, as determined by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), the Fund may suspend redemptions or postpone payment dates.
Because the Fund incurs certain fixed costs in maintaining shareholder accounts, the Fund may require that you to redeem all of your shares in the Fund upon 30 days written notice if the value of your shares in the Fund is less than $5,000 due to redemption, or such other minimum amount as the Fund may determine from time to time. You may increase the value of your shares in the Fund to the minimum amount within the 30-day period. All shares of the Fund also are subject to involuntary redemption if the Board of Trustees determines to liquidate the Fund. An involuntary redemption will create a capital gain or a capital loss, which may have tax consequences to you and about which you should consult your tax adviser.
DISTRIBUTION PLAN
The Fund has adopted a plan under Rule 12b-1 that allows the Fund to pay distribution fees for the sale and distribution of its shares and allows the Fund to pay for services provided to shareholders. Shareholders of the Fund may pay annual 12b-1 expenses of up to 0.25%. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund's assets on an on-going basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. As of the date of this Prospectus, the Rule 12b-1 Plan has not been activated and the Fund has no present intention to activate the Rule 12b-1 Plan.
VALUING THE FUND’S ASSETS
The Fund's assets are generally valued at their market value using market quotations. The Fund may use pricing services to determine market value. If market prices are not available or, in the adviser's opinion, market prices do not reflect fair value, or if an event occurs after the close of trading on the domestic or foreign exchange or market on which the security is principally traded (but prior to the time the NAV is calculated) that materially affects fair value, the adviser will value the Fund's assets at their fair value according to policies approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees. For example, if trading in a portfolio security is halted and does not resume before the Fund calculates its NAV, the adviser may need to price the security using the Fund's fair value pricing guidelines. Without a fair value price, short term traders could take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long term investors. Securities trading on overseas markets present time zone arbitrage opportunities when events effecting portfolio security values occur after the close of the overseas market, bur prior to the close of the U.S. market. Fair valuation of the Fund's portfolio securities can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short term traders, but there is no assurance that fair value pricing policies will prevent dilution of the Fund's NAV by short term traders. Fair valuation involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security may differ materially from the value that could be realized upon the sale of the security. The Fund will invest in Underlying Funds. The Fund's NAV is calculated based, in part, upon the market prices of the Underlying Funds in its portfolio, and the prospectuses of those companies explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund typically distributes substantially all of its net investment income in the form of dividends and taxable capital gains to its shareholders. The Fund distributes dividends and capital gains annually. The Fund expects that distributions will consist primarily of ordinary income and long term capital gains. These distributions are automatically reinvested in the Fund from which they are paid unless you request cash distributions on your application or through a written request to the Fund. Reinvested dividends and distributions receive the same tax treatment as those paid in cash. If you are interested in changing your election, you may call the Fund's transfer agent at [1-xxx-xxx-xxxx] or send a written notification to:
Davlin Philanthropic Funds
c/o ___________________________
______________________________
_____________________________
TAXES
The Fund’s charitable donations will be treated like any other fee or expense in that it will reduce the Fund’s net asset value and the Fund will use some or all of the charitable donations to reduce the distributions paid to shareholders. As such, no further consideration is needed, or deduction permitted, by the shareholders. However, each investor should consult their tax specialist as to the tax impact of investing in this or any other mutual fund.
In general, selling shares of the Fund and receiving distributions (whether reinvested or taken in cash) are taxable events. Depending on the purchase price and the sale price, you may have a gain or a loss on any shares sold. Any tax liabilities generated by your transactions or by receiving distributions are your responsibility. You may want to avoid making a substantial investment when the Fund is about to make a taxable distribution because you would be responsible for any taxes on the distribution regardless of how long you have owned your shares. The Fund may produce capital gains even if they do not have income to distribute and performance has been poor.
Early each year, the Fund will mail to you a statement setting forth the federal income tax information for all distributions made during the previous year. If you do not provide your taxpayer identification number, your account will be subject to backup withholding.
The tax considerations described in this section do not apply to tax-deferred accounts or other non-taxable entities. Because each investor’s tax circumstances are unique, please consult with your tax adviser about your investment.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Davlin Fund Advisors [LLC] is the Fund's investment adviser and William E. B. Davlin makes the day-to-day investment decisions for the Fund. Founded in 2007, the adviser is located at 44 River Road, Suite A, Wayland, Massachusetts 01778.
William E. B. Davlin is the Fund's portfolio manager. As President of the adviser, Mr. Davlin is responsible for supervising the daily investment activities of the Fund. From 1996 to 2007, Mr. Davlin was CFO & Director of Burst Media Corporation, an Internet advertising sales company. From 1992 to 1996, Mr. Davlin was a Research Analyst with Royce & Associates, the investment advisor for the Pennsylvania Fund and Royce Family of Funds, where he managed a $26 million sub-portfolio and supported the [portfolio managers of the] Royce Low Price Fund, Royce Micro-Cap Fund, and Royce Micro-Cap Trust. Mr. Davlin started his career as a Financial Analyst in the Chief Investment Office of the Equitable Financial Companies (now a subsidiary of The AXA Group). Mr. Davlin holds an MBA from Fordham University with Beta Gamma Sigma honors and a BS in Mechanical Engineering from Lafayette College.
The Fund's Statement of Additional Information provides information about the compensation received by Mr. Davlin, other accounts that he manages and his ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund is authorized to pay the adviser an annual fee equal to 1.00% of its average daily net assets. The Adviser pays all of the expenses of the Fund, excluding the Fund's charitable donations, brokerage costs, borrowing costs, such as (a) interest and (b) dividends on securities sold short, taxes, indirect expenses incurred by underlying funds, and extraordinary expenses.
A discussion regarding the basis of the Board of Trustees' approval of the Management Agreement between the Fund and the Adviser will be available in the Fund's first semi-annual report to shareholders for the period ended ____________, 2008.
The Adviser (not the Fund) may pay certain financial institutions (which may include banks, brokers, securities dealers and other industry professionals) a fee for providing distribution related services and/or for performing certain administrative servicing functions for Fund shareholders to the extent these institutions are allowed to do so by applicable statute, rule or regulation.
SHAREHOLDER STATEMENTS AND REPORTS
Davlin Philanthropic Funds or your brokerage firm or other intermediary will send you transaction confirmation statements and quarterly account statements. Please review these statements carefully.
To reduce expenses and conserve natural resources, Davlin Philanthropic Funds will deliver a single copy of prospectuses and financial reports to individual investors who share a residential address, provided they have the same last name or the Fund reasonably believe they are members of the same family. If you would like to receive separate mailings, please call [1-xxx-xxx-xxxx] and Davlin Philanthropic Funds will begin individual delivery within 30 days after Davlin Philanthropic Funds receives your instructions.
At least twice a year, you will receive a financial report from the Fund. In addition, you may periodically receive proxy statements and other reports.
Electronic copies of financial reports and prospectuses are available at www.DavlinFunds.org. To participate (or end your participation) in the Fund's electronic delivery program, please complete the appropriate section of the Shareholder Account application or call [1-xxx-xxx-xxxx].
PRIVACY POLICY
The following is a description of the Fund's policies regarding disclosure of nonpublic personal information that you provide to the Fund or that the Fund collects from other sources. In the event that you hold shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the privacy policy of your financial intermediary would govern how your nonpublic personal information would be shared with unaffiliated third parties.
Categories of Information the Fund Collects. The Fund collects the following nonpublic personal information about you:
·
Information the Fund receives from you on or in applications or other forms, correspondence, or conversations (such as your name, address, phone number, social security number, assets, income and date of birth); and
·
Information about your transactions with the Fund, its affiliates, or others (such as your account number and balance, payment history, parties to transactions, cost basis information, and other financial information).
Categories of Information the Fund Discloses. The Fund does not disclose any nonpublic personal information about its current or former shareholders to unaffiliated third parties, except as required or permitted by law. The Fund is permitted by law to disclose all of the information it collects, as described above, to its service providers (such as the Fund's custodian, administrator and transfer agent) to process your transactions and otherwise provide services to you.
Confidentiality and Security. The Fund restricts access to your nonpublic personal information to those persons who require such information to provide products or services to you. The Fund maintains physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards that comply with federal standards to guard your nonpublic personal information.
Davlin Philanthropic Funds
Davlin Philanthropic Fund
Board of Trustees
______________
______________
_______________
Investment Adviser
Davlin Fund Advisors [LLC]
Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent
Mutual Shareholder Services
Custodian
________________
Legal Counsel
Thomson Hine LLP
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
________________________________
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Several additional sources of information are available to you. The Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), incorporated into this Prospectus by reference (and therefore legally a part of this Prospectus), contains detailed information on Fund policies and operations, including policies and procedures relating to the disclosure of portfolio holdings by the Fund's affiliates. Annual and semi-annual reports contain management’s discussion of market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the performance results as of the Fund as of the latest semi-annual or annual fiscal year end.
Electronic copies of the latest SAI, the annual report and the semi-annual report are available at www.DavlinFunds.org or call [1-xxx-xxx-xxxx] to request free copies of these documents or other information about the Fund and to make shareholder inquiries.
You may review and copy information about the Fund (including the SAI and other reports) at the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Call the SEC at 1-202-551-8090 for room hours and operation. You also may obtain reports and other information about the Fund on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http.//www.sec.gov, and copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, 100 F. Street NE, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
Investment Company Act File No. 811-__________
DAVLIN PHILANTHROPIC FUNDS
DAVLIN PHILANTHROPIC FUND
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
____________, 2008
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus for the Davlin Philanthropic Fund dated ________, 2008. A copy of the Prospectus can be obtained at no charge by writing the transfer agent, ___________________, ___________ [insert name/address of TA], or by calling 1-xxx-xxx-xxxx. The Fund's prospectus is incorporated by reference into this SAI.
Page | ||
Description of the Trust and Fund | 1 | |
Additional Information about the Fund's Investments | 2 | |
Investment Strategies and Risks | 2 | |
Asset-Backed Securities and Collateralized Debt Obligations | 2 | |
Brady Bonds | 3 | |
Certificates of Deposit and Bankers’ Acceptances | 3 | |
Closed-End Investment Companies | 3 | |
Commercial Paper | 4 | |
Convertible Securities | 4 | |
Corporate Debt | 4 | |
Depositary Receipts | 5 | |
Emerging Markets Securities | 5 | |
Equity Securities | 6 | |
Exchange Traded Funds | 6 | |
Foreign Currency Exchange Transactions | 7 | |
Foreign Securities | 8 | |
Futures Contracts | 8 | |
High Yield Securities | 11 | |
Illiquid and Restricted Securities | 13 | |
Indexed Securities | 14 | |
Insured Bank Obligations | 14 | |
Investment Company Securities | 15 | |
Mortgage-Backed Securities | 15 | |
Municipal Securities | 19 | |
Obligations of Supranational Entities (Underlying Funds Only) | 20 | |
Options | 20 | |
Preferred Stock | 21 | |
Real Estate Investment Trust s(“REITs”) | 21 | |
Repurchase Agreements | 22 | |
Reverse Repurchase Transactions | 22 | |
Rights | 23 | |
Short Sale | 23 | |
STRIPS | 24 | |
Time Deposits and Variable Rate Notes | 24 | |
U.S. Government Securities | 24 | |
Warrants | 25 | |
When-Issued, Forward Commitments and Delayed Settlements | 25 | |
Investment Restrictions | 26 | |
Management of the Fund | 27 | |
Code of Ethics | 29 | |
Distribution Plan | 29 | |
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities | 30 | |
Control Persons | 30 | |
Management Ownership | 30 | |
Investment Advisory and Other Services | 30 | |
Investment Adviser | 30 | |
Custodian | 32 | |
Fund Services | 32 | |
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 32 | |
Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices | 32 | |
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings | 33 | |
Determination of Share Price | 34 | |
Redemption In-Kind | 35 | |
Tax Consequences | 35 | |
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures | 36 | |
Financial Statements | 38 | |
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND FUND
The Davlin Philanthropic Fund (the “Fund”) was organized as a diversified series of Davlin Philanthropic Funds (the “Trust”) on ____________ and commenced operations on [ ], 2008. The Trust is an open-end investment company established under the laws of Ohio by an Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated December 4, 2007 (the “Trust Agreement”). The Trust Agreement permits the Board of Trustees to authorize and issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest of separate series without par value. The Fund is the only series currently authorized by the Trustees. The investment adviser to the Fund is Davlin Fund Advisors (the “Adviser”).
The Fund does not issue share certificates. All shares are held in non-certificated form registered on the books of the Fund and the transfer agent for the account of the shareholder. Each share of a series represents an equal proportionate interest in the assets and liabilities belonging to that series with each other share of that series and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of income belonging to the series as are declared by the Trustees. The shares do not have cumulative voting rights or any preemptive or conversion rights, and the Trustees have the authority from time to time to divide or combine the shares of any series into a greater or lesser number of shares of that series so long as the proportionate beneficial interest in the assets belonging to that series and the rights of shares of any other series are in no way affected. In case of any liquidation of a series, the holders of shares of the series being liquidated will be entitled to receive as a class a distribution out of the assets, net of the liabilities, belonging to that series. Expenses attributable to any series are borne by that series. Any general expenses of the Trust not readily identifiable as belonging to a particular series are allocated by or under the direction of the Trustees in such manner as the Trustees determine to be fair and equitable. No shareholder is liable to further calls or to assessment by the Trust without his or her express consent.
Any Trustee of the Trust may be removed by vote of the shareholders holding not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust. The Trust does not hold an annual meeting of shareholders. When matters are submitted to shareholders for a vote, each shareholder is entitled to one vote for each whole share he owns and fractional votes for fractional shares he owns. All shares of the Fund have equal voting rights and liquidation rights. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust can be amended by the Trustees, except that any amendment that adversely effects the rights of shareholders must be approved by the shareholders affected. All shares of the Fund are subject to involuntary redemption if the Trustees determine to liquidate the Fund. An involuntary redemption will create a capital gain or a capital loss, which may have tax consequences about which you should consult your tax adviser.
For information concerning the purchase and redemption of shares of the Fund, see “How to Buy Shares” and “How to Redeem Shares” in the Prospectus. For a description of the methods used to determine the share price and value of the Fund's assets, see “How to Buy Shares – Purchasing Shares” and "Valuing the Fund's Assets" in the Prospectus and “Determination of Share Price” in this Statement of Additional Information.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND'S INVESTMENTS
Investment Strategies and Risks
All principal investment strategies and risks are discussed in the prospectus. This section contains a more detailed discussion of some of the investments the Fund may make and some of the techniques they may use, as described in the Risk/Return Summary in the Prospectus. These same investments and techniques may be used by the underlying funds ("Underlying Funds") in which the Fund invests. Those investments and techniques that may utilized only by the Underlying Funds are identified. Additional non-principal strategies and risks also are discussed here.
Asset-Backed Securities and Collateralized Debt Obligations
The Fund may invest in asset-backed securities and collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs"). Asset-backed securities and CDOs are created by the grouping of certain governmental, government related and private loans, receivables and other non-mortgage lender assets/collateral into pools. A sponsoring organization establishes a special purpose vehicle to hold the assets/collateral and issue securities. Interests in these pools are sold as individual securities. Payments of principal and interest are passed through to investors and are typically supported by some form of credit enhancement, such as a letter of credit, surety bond, limited guaranty or senior/subordination. Payments from the asset pools may be divided into several different tranches of debt securities, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics. Some tranches entitled to receive regular installments of principal and interest, other tranches entitled to receive regular installments of interest, with principal payable at maturity or upon specified call dates, and other tranches only entitled to receive payments of principal and accrued interest at maturity or upon specified call dates. Different tranches of securities will bear different interest rates, which may be fixed or floating.
Investors in asset-backed securities and CDOs bear the credit risk of the assets/collateral. Tranches are categorized as senior, mezzanine, and subordinated/equity, according to their degree of credit risk. If there are defaults or the CDO's collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to senior tranches take precedence over those of mezzanine tranches, and scheduled payments to mezzanine tranches take precedence over those to subordinated/equity tranches. Senior and mezzanine tranches are typically rated, with the former receiving ratings of A to AAA and the latter receiving ratings of B to BBB. The ratings reflect both the credit quality of underlying collateral as well as how much protection a given tranch is afforded by tranches that are subordinate to it.
Because the loans held in the pool often may be prepaid without penalty or premium, asset-backed securities and CDOs can be subject to higher prepayment risks than most other types of debt instruments. Prepayments may result in a capital loss to the Fund to the extent that the prepaid securities purchased at a market discount from their stated principal amount will accelerate the recognition of interest income by the Fund, which would be taxed as ordinary income when distributed to the shareholders.
The credit characteristics of asset-backed securities and CDOs also differ in a number of respects from those of traditional debt securities. The credit quality of most asset-backed securities and CDOs depends primarily upon the credit quality of the assets/collateral underlying such securities, how well the entity issuing the securities is insulated from the credit risk of the originator or any other affiliated entities, and the amount and quality of any credit enhancement to such securities.
Brady Bonds
Brady bonds are securities created through the exchange of existing commercial bank loans to public and private entities in certain emerging markets for new bonds in connection with debt restructurings. Brady bonds have been issued since 1989 and do not have a long payment history. In light of the history of defaults of countries issuing Brady bonds on their commercial bank loans, investments in Brady bonds may be viewed as speculative. Brady bonds may be fully or partially collateralized or uncollateralized, are issued in various currencies (but primarily the dollar) and are actively traded in over-the-counter secondary markets. Incomplete collateralization of interest or principal payment obligations results in increased credit risk. Dollar-denominated collateralized Brady bonds, which may be fixed-rate bonds or floating-rate bonds, are generally collateralized by U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds having the same maturity as the Brady bonds.
Certificates of Deposit and Bankers’ Acceptances
Certificates of deposit are receipts issued by a depository institution in exchange for the deposit of funds. The issuer agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the receipt on the date specified on the certificate. The certificate usually can be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Bankers’ acceptances typically arise from short-term credit arrangements designed to enable businesses to obtain funds to finance commercial transactions. Generally, an acceptance is a time draft drawn on a bank by an exporter or an importer to obtain a stated amount of funds to pay for specific merchandise. The draft is then “accepted” by a bank that, in effect, unconditionally guarantees to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date. The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an earning asset or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of discount for a specific maturity. Although maturities for acceptances can be as long as 270 days, most acceptances have maturities of six months or less.
Closed-End Investment Companies
The Fund may invest in closed-end investment companies. Shares of closed-end funds are typically offered to the public in a one-time initial public offering by a group of underwriters who retain a spread or underwriting commission of between 4% or 6% of the initial public offering price. Such securities are then listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (commonly known as "NASDAQ") and, in some cases, may be traded in other over-the-counter markets. Because the shares of closed-end funds cannot be redeemed upon demand to the issuer like the shares of an open-end investment company (such as the Fund), investors seek to buy and sell shares of closed-end funds in the secondary market.
The Fund generally will purchase shares of closed-end funds only in the secondary market. The Fund will incur normal brokerage costs on such purchases similar to the expenses the Fund would incur for the purchase of securities of any other type of issuer in the secondary market. The Fund may, however, also purchase securities of a closed-end fund in an initial public offering when, in the opinion of the Adviser, based on a consideration of the nature of the closed-end Fund's proposed investments, the prevailing market conditions and the level of demand for such securities, they represent an attractive opportunity for growth of capital. The initial offering price typically will include a dealer spread, which may be higher than the applicable brokerage cost if the Fund purchased such securities in the secondary market.
The shares of many closed-end funds, after their initial public offering, frequently trade at a price per share that is less than the net asset value per share, the difference representing the "market discount" of such shares. This market discount may be due in part to the investment objective of long-term appreciation, which is sought by many closed-end funds, as well as to the fact that the shares of closed-end funds are not redeemable by the holder upon demand to the issuer at the next determined net asset value, but rather, are subject to supply and demand in the secondary market. A relative lack of secondary market purchasers of closed-end fund shares also may contribute to such shares trading at a discount to their net asset value.
The Fund may invest in shares of closed-end funds that are trading at a discount to net asset value or at a premium to net asset value. There can be no assurance that the market discount on shares of any closed-end fund purchased by the Fund will ever decrease. In fact, it is possible that this market discount may increase and the Fund may suffer realized or unrealized capital losses due to further decline in the market price of the securities of such closed-end funds, thereby adversely affecting the net asset value of the Fund's shares. Similarly, there can be no assurance that any shares of a closed-end fund purchased by the Fund at a premium will continue to trade at a premium or that the premium will not decrease subsequent to a purchase of such shares by the Fund.
Closed-end funds may issue senior securities (including preferred stock and debt obligations) for the purpose of leveraging the closed-end Fund's common shares in an attempt to enhance the current return to such closed-end Fund's common shareholders. The Fund's investment in the common shares of closed-end funds that are financially leveraged may create an opportunity for greater total return on its investment, but at the same time may be expected to exhibit more volatility in market price and net asset value than an investment in shares of investment companies without a leveraged capital structure.
Commercial Paper
The Fund may purchase commercial paper. Commercial paper consists of short-term (usually from 1 to 270 days) unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations in order to finance current operations.
Convertible Securities
Convertible securities include fixed income securities that may be exchanged or converted into a predetermined number of shares of the issuer's underlying common stock at the option of the holder during a specified period. Convertible securities may take the form of convertible preferred stock, convertible bonds or debentures, units consisting of "usable" bonds and warrants or a combination of the features of several of these securities. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an issuer’s capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed-income stream (generally higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a market price advance in the convertible security’s underlying common stock.
Corporate Debt
Corporate debt securities are long and short-term debt obligations issued by companies (such as publicly issued and privately placed bonds, notes and commercial paper). The Adviser considers corporate debt securities to be of investment grade quality if they are rated BBB or higher by S&P or Baa or higher by Moody's, or if unrated, determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. Investment grade debt securities generally have adequate to strong protection of principal and interest payments. In the lower end of this category, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal than in higher rated categories. The Fund may invest in both secured and unsecured corporate bonds. A secured bond is backed by collateral and an unsecured bond is not. Therefore an unsecured bond may have a lower recovery value than a secured bond in the event of a default by its issuer. The Adviser may incorrectly analyze the risks inherent in corporate bonds, such as the issuer's ability to meet interest and principal payments, resulting in a loss to the Fund.
Depositary Receipts
Depositary Receipts may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted. American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") and American Depositary Shares ("ADSs") are receipts or shares typically issued by an American bank or trust company that evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs") are receipts issued in Europe that evidence a similar ownership arrangement. Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") are receipts issued throughout the world that evidence a similar arrangement. Generally, ADRs and ADSs, in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world. A Fund may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States, and, therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts. Depositary Receipts are generally subject to the same risks as the foreign securities that they evidence or into or for which they may be converted or exchanged.
Emerging Markets Securities
Investing in emerging market securities imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries. These risks include (i) the smaller market capitalization of securities markets, which may suffer periods of relative illiquidity, (ii) significant price volatility, (iii) restrictions on foreign investment, and (iv) possible repatriation of investment income and capital. In addition, foreign investors may be required to register the proceeds of sales, and future economic or political crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or the creation of government monopolies. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience signi