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Minco Gold Corp – ‘6-K’ for 6/3/04 – EX-2

On:  Thursday, 6/3/04, at 12:08pm ET   ·   For:  6/3/04   ·   Accession #:  1137171-4-743   ·   File #:  0-22617

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  As Of                Filer                Filing    For·On·As Docs:Size              Issuer               Agent

 6/03/04  Minco Gold Corp                   6-K         6/03/04    5:13M                                    Filing Svcs Canada/FA

Report of a Foreign Private Issuer   —   Form 6-K
Filing Table of Contents

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: 6-K         Report of a Foreign Private Issuer                  HTML     21K 
 2: EX-2        Plan of Acquisition, Reorganization, Arrangement,   HTML     16K 
                          Liquidation or Succession                              
 3: EX-2        Plan of Acquisition, Reorganization, Arrangement,   HTML     15K 
                          Liquidation or Succession                              
 4: EX-2        Plan of Acquisition, Reorganization, Arrangement,   HTML    167K 
                          Liquidation or Succession                              
 5: EX-2        Plan of Acquisition, Reorganization, Arrangement,   HTML    137K 
                          Liquidation or Succession                              


EX-2   —   Plan of Acquisition, Reorganization, Arrangement, Liquidation or Succession


This exhibit is an HTML Document rendered as filed.  [ Alternative Formats ]



  Filed by Filing Services Canada Inc.  403-717-3898  


Exhibit 2.4





REPORT ON THE FUWAN


SILVER PROPERTY: GUANGDONG PROVINCE, CHINA.




Lat: 23 °0 ’55”

Long: 112° 48’ 46 ”




FOR



MINCO MINING AND METALS CORPORTION,


1980 – 1055 West Hastings Street,

Vancouver, British Columbia. Canada.






By:


Lyle Morgenthaler B.ASc. P.Eng.

Ruijin Jiang  MSc. Geology




May 27, 2004.





FUWAN SILVER PROJECT



                                                       

i


FUWAN SILVER PROJECT


 

                                                                   


ii




1. SUMMARY

The Fuwan Silver Property (the Property) is located in the Guongdong Province in southern China beside the Xijiang River. Changkeng gold and silver deposit is confined in a synform fault zone between Lower Carboniferous limestone and Upper Triassic Clastic unit. Five main zones of silver mineralization, were delineated between exploration lines 75 and 54 at depth (Figure 5). Zones are trending NE and lay on the hinge and the southeast wing of the synform zone. A regional resource has been estimated of which a part covers the Fuwan property. The quality and quantity for the property cannot be ascertained from the regional resource estimations made. (see recommendations). There is no resource estimation for the mineralization contained within the property boundaries.  A joint venture between Minco Mining and Metals Corporation ( MINCO )and Guangdong Geological Exploration and Mineral Development Company (GEMD), a subsidiary of Guangdong Geological Exploration Bureau, will own the property license



2. INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE


This report has been commissioned by the management of Minco. It documents a review of regional and property geology and historic work on the property and outlines all significant changes in the geological database. The report is based on a review of available government documents and data compilation of private corporate reports and documents as well as publicly available geological and scientific papers in China.


The report is also based on the co-author R Jiang’s personal knowledge of the property obtained during his site visit in September and November of 2003. From January 15 to 17, 2004 both of authors visited the site for a brief check of drilling locations and related technical considerations.



3. DISCLAIMER


The author has reviewed the available technical data, and examined much of the publicly available data. It is the writer’s belief that all of these reports have been constructed by skilled Chinese professionals and represent an important asset to the property. The current document contains summary information relevant to exploration performed in the past, but does not contain primary technical drawings or independent quality control or the assumptions inherent to the regional resource estimation, specifically assay quality control, repeatability of assay data, specific gravity calculations, geotechnical data and any related technical data. The resource, sections and plans reported by the authors are for a regional estimation for the entire Fuwan silver deposit which extends past the Fuwan property boundaries and is used ONLY to indicate work performed and that there is a silver deposit under the property, but the quality and quantity is undetermined at this time. The numbers presented do not constitute a resource for the Fuwan Property. The author’s have not preformed an independent resource estimation.




1

 







Most of the primary technical data remains under the control of the Chinese technical agencies. At the time of the site visit the data was available to be viewed within a secure room. The data is still in the ownership of the Chinese Government. The authors have viewed part of the data in the form of sections and plans.  Figures shown in the report are public data and are representative of the quantity and quality of work performed in the past. But the primary or “raw data” is not available at this time. Core storage was inspected, however there was neither time nor the equipment available at the time of visit to gather a proper representative set of samples for comparison.  The several locations of drill set-ups have been located both on map and by GPS. Property boundary locations are not marked by surface monuments and have not been undertaken in the present survey. During the January site visit there were also issues arising associated with the limited timing of data gathering as it was too close to the Chinese New Year which meant Chinese personnel and data not available for interview or viewing as offices were closed during the visit of Mr Lyle Morgenthaler, P.Eng. and Ruijin Jiang.


4.0 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION


The Changkeng-Fuwan gold-silver deposit is about 45km southwest of Guangzhou, capital city of Guangdong Province, with geographic location of 112°49’E and 23°01’N.   The project area is located across the boundary of two adjacent counties, with its gold mineralization within Gaoyao county (now called Gaoyao city) and most of its silver mineralization within Gaoming county (now called Gaoming city) (Figure 1).




2

 






Figure 1 – Location Map

[report1002.jpg]



The project consists of a licenses called  “Exploration for silver at Fuwan, Gaoming city, Guangdong province (License No.4400000340093)”. The license areas are defined by the following geographic coordinates:


Fuwan License:

 (1) 112˚48’30”E, 23˚00’45”N;

(2) 112˚49’30”E, 23˚00’45”N;

(3) 112˚49’30”E, 23˚00’30”N;

(4) 112˚48’30”E, 23˚00’30”.


There are no legal monuments in the field pertaining to this concession package. The Chinese use a map base system. GIS locations of corners weren’t verified by the author due to time and logistical constraints during the brief site visits made to this property.






3

 







Figure 2 – Property Boundaries of Changkeng and Fuwan with Surface Geology


[report1003.jpg]


See Appendix for Geological Legend



4

 





5.0 ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY.


Access to the deposit is excellent. Guangzhou-Zhuhai highway (>100km/hour) passes Gaomin city. The project area is linked by 14km-long paved road to the well-developed Highway transportation system in the province. The largest river in Guangdong province, the Xijiang River, runs by the east boundary of the project area. Port is available at the nearby Fuwan town and the port connects the area to the international ports of the South China Sea by waterway of less than 100km to the southeast. Power supply is available in the nearby towns and villages few kilometers away.


Topography of the area is characterized with low degraded residual hills from 60 to 90m above sea level with a highest peak of 133.31m ASL. Bedrock is poorly outcropped and most of the area is covered with a 5-10m overburden where vegetation is densely developed. The area is hot and humid with an annual average temperature of 21.5˚C.  Annual precipitation of the area is 1681mm. Surface water and groundwater are abundant in the area.


Like most of the coast areas in Southeast China, the area is densely populated. Local residents are mainly engaged in farming. The labor force is composed of local residents and a huge number of immigrants from inland provinces and is sufficient for various industry needs in the area.



6.0 HISTORY


Since 1949, mineral exploration in China has been performed at all scales by a professional geologists and engineers organized into a series of brigades, each with specific mandates, geological, geochemical, mineral deposits evaluation, etc.


There is no historic record for gold mining in the project area before the discovery of gold in early 1990. Illegal mining began in 1991 and most of the oxidized portion of the mineral zones between Lines 7 and 8 was mined out.


1959-1971: Geological exploration for pyrite, coal and uranium was carried out intermittently by different geological teams.


1986-1989: Regional Geological Survey Team of Guangdong Bureau of Geological Exploration conducted a regional stream sediment sampling program at 1:200,000 scale. Significant gold and silver geochemical anomalies were delineated in the Changkeng-Fuwan area. The Au-Ag anomalies were followed up with detailed soil sampling at 1:50,000 scale and it was proved that there is good potential for gold-silver mineralization in the area.


1990-1994: The Changkeng gold and Fuwan silver deposits were discovered in 1990 during the following-up of the 1:50,000 soil geochemical anomalies by the 757




5

 





Geological Exploration Team. Detailed exploration was conducted at the Changkeng-Fuwan gold and silver zone and its adjacent area from 1990 to 1995.


1990: Report on reconnaissance investigation of gold mineralization in Changkeng, Gaoyao county, Guangdong province was completed by the 757 Geological Exploration Team.


1992: Geochemical soil sampling and mercury survey over the Luzhou-Shizhou area of 24 sq.km to the south of Changkeng-Fuwan deposit was conducted at 1:10,000 scale. Test drilling over two geochemical anomalies intersected silver mineralization at Dieping and Luzhou areas.


1993: Seismic and electric surveying was conducted along 9 profiles over the Luzhou-Shizhou area. Sections with good potential for gold and silver were delineated.


1992-1993: Geological exploration was carried out at Luzhou Pn-Zn occurrence. Silicified structural breccia was intersected at the contact between Triassic and Carboniferous sedimentary sequences in drill holes. Two gold veins and one silver vein were discovered at depth.


October 1993: Prospecting of Changkeng gold deposit was completed by the 757 Geological Exploration Team and a total reserve (Catagories D+E) of 30.49t gold was delineated between Exploration Line 16 and 27.


April 1994: Detailed exploration on the central section between exploration lines 8 and 15 and above elevation of –15m was completed and 5t gold was delineated as category C+D (measured reserve).


1993-1995: Prospecting of Fuwan silver deposit was conducted by the 757 Geological Exploration team and a total resource (D+E) of 5134.6t silver was reported. D+ E classification not CIM classifications


7.0 GEOLOGICAL SETTING


7.01. Tectonic Setting of the Project Area


The Changkeng-Fuwan gold-silver deposits are tectonically located at the South-China geosynclinal fold system, an important metallogenic zone for gold, silver, lead, zinc, copper, antimony, aluminum, tin, tungsten, and rare earth elements at the southeast margin of the Yangtze Craton (Figure 3). The metallogenic belt is a Caledonia fold system developed on the early-middle Proterozoic continental crust and is composed of three tectonic layers, the Proterozoic-Early Paleazoic basement, the Late Paleaozoic-Middle Triassic cover  and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental sedimentary sequence. The belt runs from east Zhejiang province to the southwest Yunnan province and occupies an area of 1 million square kilometers. Important mineral resources in the belt include Skarn-type tin mineralization in Guangxi and Yunnan provinces, epithermal (Carlin-type) gold,




6

 





silver and copper mineralization in Guangxi, Fujian and Guangdong provinces, and hyperthermal tungsten mineralization in Jiangxi province (Chen Y. 1999).


Figure 3. Tectonic location of Changkeng-Fuwan deposit

[report1004.jpg]



7.02. Regional Geology and Structural Style


At the regional scale, the Changkeng- Fuwan gold-silver deposit is located at the Northwest margin of a triangular Upper Palaeozoic fault basin, which is margined with the NE-trending Shizhou fault at Northwest, the WE-trending Dashi fault at south and the NW-trending Xijiang fault at northeast (Figure 4). Known precious and base metal occurrences and deposits mainly occurred along the margins of the 550-km2 basin.

The basin area was mainly composed of two major sedimentary units, the Upper Palaeozoic siliceous and argillaceous carbonate sequence and the Mesozoic coal-bearing clastic sequence. The two units are in an unconformity contact and an interlayer-sliding fault was developed between the two units. The interlayer-sliding fault zone at the Northwest margin of the basin hosts the known gold and silver mineralization in the Changkeng-Fuwan area and its southwest and northeast extensions.

Mesozoic granite occurs only at the Southeast corner of the basin area. There are no outcrops of intrusive rocks at Changkeng-Fuwan and its adjacent area. Late Mesozoic granites are observed along the south margin of the Sanzhou basin.





7

 






Figure 4. Regional geology, Sanzhou Basin

[report1005.jpg]



7.03: Regional Geochemistry


Regional multi-element geochemical anomalies are delineated along the northeast-trending structures in the Changkeng-Fuwan area. The anomalous area of gold in stream sediment is 80.8 square kilometers with an average gold value of 10.4ppb.




8

 





Anomalous Ag, As and Sb are well overlapped with gold. Changkeng-Fuwan gold/silver deposit is located at the center of the regional anomaly (Figure 5).


Figure 5. Regional geochemical anomalies in Changkeng-Fuwan area

[report1006.jpg]


Table 1 shows the average anomalous value of major mineralization-forming elements and indicator elements of the Changkeng-Fuwan deposits.





9

 







Table 1. Average concentrations of minralization-forming elements and indicator elements

Element

Au (ppb)

Ag (ppb)

As (ppm)

Sb (ppm)

Zn (ppm)

Cu (ppm)

Cd (ppm)

S (ppm)

Average Concentration

10.4

375.4

59.9

5.1

178.7

56.8

0.56

940.6




7.04: Property Geology


7.04.1. Stratigraphy

Host rocks of the Changkeng-Fuwan deposits consist of Lower Carboniferous limestone and Upper Triassic terrestrial clastic rocks.

1. Lower Carboniferous Limestone Sequence:

Lower: Neritic gray and dark-gray thick-bedded bioclastic limestone;

Middle: terrestrial grey-whitish and reddish quartz sandstone intercalated with grey calcareous siltstone, mudstone, carbonaceous shale and coal;

Upper: Gray and dark-grey medium- to thick-bedded argillaceous limestone and mudstone; light-grey breciated bioclastic limestone intercalated with yellowish silicified limestone and silty mudstone. Some gold mineralization and most silver mineralization occur in the brecciated bioclastic limestone.

2. Upper Triassic Clastics

Variegated sandstone, sandy conglomerate and conglomerate, dark-grey mudstone, carbonaceous mudstone and siltstone.


The upper part of Lower Carboniferous carbonate sequence and the lower part of the Upper Triassic clastic rocks are structurally brecciated and mineralized with gold and silver within the interlayer-sliding fault zone. Gold mineralization and silver mineralization are closely associated in space but occur at different parts in the interlayer-sliding fault zone. Most gold mineralization occurs in the Triassic clastic rocks while most of silver mineralization occurs in the brecciated bioclastic limestone of the Lower Carboniferous sequence.


7.04.2. Structure

The major control structure of the Changkeng-Fuwan deposits is a flat syncline with its axis trending Northeast. The syncline is composed of Lower Carboniferous limestone and Triassic clastic rocks. A normal interlayer-sliding fault zone was developed along the contact between the Lower Carboniferous unit and the Triassic unit (Figure 6). The faulted zone is from several meters to tens of meters in width and is filled with lenticular brecciated and silicified rocks,




10

 





brecciated limestone, and silicified sandy conglomerate. The faulting zone may have acted as both feeder conduit and host structure for the gold and silver mineralization in the area. A set of second-order faults parallel to the major fault were developed in the limestone at the footwall. Silver mineralization occurred in the second-order faults.

Figure 6. Property geology of Changkeng-Fuwan deposit See Appendix for Geological Legend

[report1007.jpg]


3. Alterations

Typical alterations associated with Changkeng-Fuwan gold-silver deposits include silicification, clay (mainly illite), barite, fluorite, carbonate and pyrite. Alteration mainly developed within the major fault zone between Carboniferous limestone




11

 





and Triassic clastic rocks and the second-order faults at the footwall. Silification and sulfide alteration are most closely associated with gold-silver mineralization.


4. Geochemistry

Concentrations of gold, silver and major indicator elements in host rocks, fractured zones and mineralization zones are listed in Table 2. It is obvious that Au, Ag, As, Sb, Hg are highly concentrated in the fracture zone and gold and silver mineral bodies. Ratio of Au and Ag in gold mineralization zone is greater than 1.

Table 2. Concentrations of Au, Ag and major indicator elements

 

Au

Ag

As

Sb

Bi

Hg

Cu

Pb

Zn

Co

Triassic clastics

2.6

120

131

8

1

0

31

45

83

13

Fractured Zone

538

832

997

62

0.5

1000

33

37

202

9.5

Gold zone

7930

6490

5880

468

1

1950

30

20

130

10

Silver zone

350

292400

690

282

0.1

270

310

1200

1770

0

C1 upper limestone

16

381

302

10

0.2

100

17

12

41

5

C1 lower limestone

7

40

11

7

0.2

0

23

18

51

11

Note: Au, Ag, Hg in ppb; other elements in ppm.


7.05: Deposit Type


It is considered that Changkeng-Fuwan gold and silver deposit fall into the broad category of Carlin-type gold deposits or the sediment hosted gold deposits as described by many authors (Poulsen, 1996; Arehart, 1996; by Christianson, 1995). Model type C, the breccia and replacement zones, described in Christianson’s (1995) genetic model may be particularly applicable to the Changkeng-Fuwan deposit (Figure 7).






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Figure 7. Three style of Carlin deposit, stratabound, structure and complex (breccia), adapted from Christensen (1993, 1996)[report1008.jpg]





13

 







8.0 DEPOSIT TYPES – GENERAL CHARACTERISITICS OF CHANGKEG-FUWAN DEPOSITS


8.01. Description of Major Controls

The Changkeng-Fuwan gold and silver deposits are confined in a synform fault zone between Lower Carboniferous limestone and Upper Triassic Clastic unit. Two zones of gold mineralization,(Changkeng Property) Zone 1 and Zone 2,  were delineated  between exploration lines 15 and 16 at surface (Figure 6. Both zones are trending NE and dip to SE at 30° to 50° at upper portion and 15° to 30° at lower portion of the fault. The two zones merged along both dip directions at depth and strike direction to the Northeast. Gold veins occur as lenticular bodies in the brecciated Triassic clastics at the upper portion of the synform zone. Gold zone tends to pinch out towards the hinge of the syncline where it was replaced by Fuwan silver mineralization (Figure 8).

Figure 8 Cross section  24,  Fuwan deposit

[report1009.jpg]

Silver mineralization formed blind mineralized zones and mainly occurred at the Southeast wing of the synform fault (Figure 7). The total strike length of the silver mineralization zone is 2790m, trending Southwest-Northeast. Nine silver mineral bodies were intersected in drill hole ZK2403 and in most cases 3-5 mineral bodies were intersected in individual hole. The vertical distance between silver zones is from 1.5m to 96m. Five major parallel silver zones, Silver Vein-I, II, III, IV, and V are included in




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reserve estimation. Silver zones show a swell-and-pinch-out pattern in both strike and dip directions. Vertically,  the Changkeng gold deposit is above the Fuwuan silver deposit, and horizontally, The Fuwuan silver deposit is on the southeast side of the Changkeng gold deposit.

Figure 9. Cross section  32, Changkeng-Fuwan deposits

[report1010.jpg]



8.02. Description of Individual Silver Mineralized Zones


Silver Vein-I: the vein is the main mineralized body and is continuous over a strike length of 2790m, varying from 0.58m to 23.08m in intersected width with 4.14m average. The controlled down-dip extension is from 90 to 530m (average 330m), and open to South at depth.  Silver grade varies from 59.8 to 1747.5g/t with an average grade of 216.3g/t.

Silver Vein-II: The vein occurs in three sections with a total strike length of 2154m. Average intersected width is 1.97m, varying from 0.64m to 6.79m. The controlled down-dip extension is from 179 to 863m (average 423m), and the vein still opens to South.  Silver grade ranges from 61 to 875g/t with an average grade of 222.5g/t.




15

 






Silver Vein-III: Total controlled strike length of Silver V-III is 1158m. Average intersected width is 3.34m, varying from 0.7 to 11.35m. The controlled down-dip extension is from 113 to 551m (average 325m), and the vein opens to South at depth.  Silver grade ranges from 76 to 745g/t with an average grade of 424g/t.


Silver Vein-IV: Total controlled strike length of Silver V-IV is 936m. Average intersected width is 1.81m, varying from 0.7 to 3.29m. The controlled down-dip extension is from 304-450m (average 410m), and the vein opens to South.  Silver grade ranges from 73 to 830g/t with an average grade of 342g/t.


Silver Vein-V: The controlled strike length of Silver V-V is 434m. Average intersected width is 1.87m, varying from 0.64 to 4.71m. The controlled down-dip extension is from 170 to 300m (average 257m), and the vein opens to South.  Silver grade ranges from 61 to 592g/t with an average grade of 478g/t.

 


9.0 MINERALIZATION


Material types


Mineralized zone in Fuwan deposit is primary mineralization and has been identified as the following two types:

1.

Siliceous (silicified) material: This type of material is grey to dark grey in colour and mainly composed of secondary quartz, illite, argillaceous and carbonaceous material and pyrite. Fractures and miarolitic cavities were highly developed. This material type constitutes 40% of the total resource.

2.

Calcareous-siliceous material (silicified limestone): The type of material is light grey to dark grey in colour and is composed of secondary quartz, residual limestone, calcite, and pyrite. The mineralization occurred in the second-order faults at the footwall limestone of the Changkeng interlayer sliding fault. 60% of the total silver metal belongs to this material type.



Metal minerals and occurrence of silver

(1)

Silver Minerals: Ten silver minerals were identified in the silver zones of the Fuwan silver deposit, including major minerals freibergite, pyrargyrite, miargyrite, argentite, native silver and so on.

(2)

Other Metallic Minerals: Galena, sphalerite, pyrite and minor amount of arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, bournonote, digenite, cinnabar and antimonite.




16

 




(3)

Nonmetallic Minerals: quartz, calcite and illite, as well as fluorite, kaolinite, barite.

10.0 EXPLORATION


The Chinese Government Regional Geological Survey Team (RGST)completed the 1:200,000 scale regional stream sediment sampling program at a sample density of 1 to 2 samples per square kilometer in 1986. The survey led to the identification of the important regional geochemical Au and Ag anomalies in the Changkeng-Fuwan area. More detailed 1:50,000 scale soil sampling within the anomalous area and preliminary follow-up of the geochemical anomalies were conducted by the RGST and exploration potential was proved over the Changkeng-Fuwan zone. In 1990, as a normal practice in China at that time, the regional geochemical anomaly was transferred by the Chinese government to the 757 Geological Exploration Team, a professional team for detailed exploration and drilling under the Guangdong Geological Exploration Bureau. The 757 Geological Exploration team carried out a comprehensive geological exploration program including mapping, trenching, and grid drilling from 1991 to 1993. A total reserve of 30.49t gold (Categories D+E) was delineated between exploration lines 16 and 15. Reserve of D category was controlled by 80x80m grid drilling and trenching and category E was controlled with 160x160m grid drilling. Exploration for silver was conducted from 1993 to 1995 with trenching and drilling by 757 Geological Exploration team. A drilling program at grid of 160-320x160-320m was used in estimating the silver resource. A total resource (Category E) was estimated by 757 Geological Exploration team as 5134.6t silver between exploration lines 54 and 75 ( a regional estimation). There is no resource estimation confined to the Fuwan property boundary



The previous exploration programs on the property were successful in:



i. Implementing a broad based diamond drill program, consisting of 87 diamond drill holes totaling 21227.07 m (including drilling on Changkeng property). The drill rig is of Russian design and utilizes a 12-m mast. Inclined drilling is possible but most boreholes were drilled vertically.


ii. Creating a database so a resource estimation could be performed.


iii. Calculating a resource.


The following is an interpreted version of the methodology and results from the past programs used at the site Summary translation from government reports;


METHODOLOGY OF EXPLORATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF EXPLORATION WORKS IN CHANGKENG-FUWAN AREA




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Methodology


1.1.

The major gold vein, Gold Vein-I, is lenticular in form and 747m in length and outcropped at surface in the southwest part of the project area. Gold is well evenly distributed in the mineralized vein. Exploration lines are surveyed in 80 m space along the strike of the main vein. The mineralized zone was controlled with geological mapping, geochemical survey, trenching and shallow pit at surface. Dip extension is controlled with drilling.

1.2.

Density of exploration works for gold is increased gradually. Space between trenches and shallow pits  is from 40 meters at surface and is locally increased to 20 meters where mineralized zone pinches out. Drilling was conducted with a grid of 80X80m at depth between Lines 3 and 8. Line space is 160m betwenn Line 8 and 16. Infill drilling was carried out at 20m space between Lines 3 to 8 to test the continuity of gold mineral zone. Grade and width of the gold zones were well repeated in the program but the its results are not included and discussed in this report.

1.3.

The silver zones are mainly controlled with grid drilling at density from 160X160m to 320X320m. All the holes are vertical.


Quality of Exploration Works and Comments


1.4.

Trench: The opening of trench is from 1.2m to 2.5m and the width at bottom is 1m. Trenching is dug to 0.5m into the weathered bedrock and 0.3m into the fresh bedrock.

1.5.

Exploration Pit: Exploration pits were dug with an opening of 1.5X1.5m in the area.

1.6.

Two levels of adit were devloped at levels -50m from exploration lines 0 to 8 in order to test major Gold V-I zone. The opening size of drifts varies from 1.8X1.6 to 2.0X1.8m with a total length of 242.1m.

1.7.

Drilling: 87 diamond holes were drilled with a total footage of 21227.07m. 36 holes were drilled over gold zones and economic gold zone (>3g/t Au) was intersected in 21 holes and uneconomic gold zone (>1g/t to <3g/tAu) was intersected in 7 holes.

Details of Drilling:

1)

Technology: Diamond drill rig with wire coring was used.

2)

Recovery Rate of Drill Cores: Total length of drill cores of bedrock over gold zones is 4891.11m and the recovery rate of bedrock cores is from 70 to 99% (88.5% in average). Total length of drill cores of mineralization within the gold zones is 186.47m  and recovery rate of mineralized  cores is from 80 to 99.1% with an average of 94.5%. Within the silver mineralization zones, total length of drill cores of bedrock is 15967.96m and the recovery rate of bedrock cores is from 60.1 to 99% with an average of 84.1%. Total length of drill cores of mineralization is 368m and recovery rate of mineralized core is from 60 to 100% with an average of 87.5%.

3)

Hydrology Observation: Level of water table were measured in all drill holes. Long-term observations of hydrological conditions are made in representative stations for surface and underground waters, including 4 springs, 1 well and the Xijiang River,  from August 1991 to July 1993. Measurement of water level and sample collection were conducted every seven days in dry seasons and two times per week during rain season.

4)

Seal of Drill Hole: Holes were sealed with concrete and the center of each hole was marked with a cross. Serial number of the hole was painted on the pole.

5)

Storage: All drill cores are well kept in drill core storage in a town near Jiangmen city where the 757 Geological Exploration Team is based.


Collection, Preparation, Analysis and Quality Monitoring of Samples


1.8.

Drill core samples: Drill core of the mineralization zone are split with a diamond saw and half of the hole was sampled and assayed. The holes were sample on the basis of lithology, mineralization type. Sample length is from 0.8 to 1.5m with a maximum of 2.00m and minimum of 0.5m.





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1.9.

Trench and adit samples: Trench sampling was conducted in surface trenches and adits. Size of trench sample is 10X3cm with a length from 1 to 1.5m.

1.10.

SG Samples: Samples of different types of mineraization from surface trench, exploration pit, adit and drill holes were collected for measurement of specific gravity. Samples were sealed with wax and then sent to labs for SG measurement at the lab of 757 team.



11.0 DRILLING


 In total, 21227.07 m of core, distributed among 87 holes, were drilled in past exploration  programs. Drill holes are shown on sections in Appendix. Sections 27 to 40 are on the Fuwan and the Changkeng property. The 13 of the 87 drillholes are within the Fuwan property. Geotechnical data was collected, including recovery, RQD and structural logging. Collar locations were surveyed using EDM station with a survey accuracy of ±0.12m. The Chinese requirement is 0.30 m accuracy.  It is unknown if downhole surveys were conducted for the few inclined holes at this time.


For the geological interpretation, cross sections at 500 scale spaced 40, 80, and 160m apart for gold zones and 160 and 320m apart for silver zones were created. The sections show lithology, structure, dip extension of mineralized zones, location and grade of core and trench samples. Most of the sections over silver zones are interpretative in nature, because of the distance between pierce points on most sections or number of holes on a section. Section 16 (Figure 7) is typical of the work performed. Even numbered sections are east of the “0” section and odd numbered section to the west of the “0” line. It can be noted that several holes appear to have stopped short to reach potential silver mineralized zones at lower elevation.


A Canadian Major mining company also drilled 3 holes within the Fuwan property boundaries.




12. 0 SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH


Assay intervals were commonly based on 1.0 to 1.5 m intervals, although interval widths were also controlled by geological, structural or mineralogical contacts. All core was half split by saw by a member of the 757 Geological Exploration Team at the core logging facility located at the previous base of 757 Geological Exploration team about 20km northeast of Jiangmen City.


The samples were sealed and transported by truck from the base camp to the central lab at the 757 Geological Exploration Team in Jiangmen City. 3-5% of the samples were sent to the Central Laboratory of Guangdong Provincial Geological Bureau and Kunming Precious Metal Institute for external checks. No system error was detected and the assay data of the 757 Geological Exploration team lab are considered reliable.




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13.0 SAMPLE PREPRATION, ANALYSES AND SECURITY


All core was half split by saw by a member of the 757 Geological Exploration team at the core logging facility located at the previous base of 757 Geological Exploration team about 20km northeast of Jiangmen City.


The samples were sealed and transported by truck from the base camp to the central lab at the 757 Geological Exploration Team in Jiangmen city. 3-5% of the samples were sent to the Central Laboratory of Guangdong Provincial Geological Bureau and Kunming Precious Metal Institute for external checks. There do not appear to be any reports of system error and the assay data of the 757 Geological Exploration team lab is considered reliable.


At the time of the site visit sampling was attempted. However, without the proper saw equipment available it was not possible to collect representative samples without bias during the site visit.


14.0 DATA VERIFICATION


As a common Chinese practice to evaluate the quality of the data, the field geologist prepares about 10% duplicates from each batch samples to send to the lab for analysis. Part of the duplicate is also sent to some more authoritative labs to double check the quality. Within each lab, there is a monitoring system by using their own duplicate and inserting reference samples. The reference materials (order-I) are prepared by the Institute of Geochemical and Geophysical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geosciences, and have been widely adopted by Chinese labs and some commercial labs in North America. The monitoring system for analytical quality is considered reliable and comparable to commercial labs in North America. As for the specific situation of the Changkeng-Fuwan project, the Chinese data has not been verified by any independent means to date because of the unavailability of sufficient samples.


Drill hole locations were checked between section 4 and 48 during the January 2004 visit. Most holes were located at the sites indicated by the location maps. Holes not located were in areas with heavy overgrowth or in surface areas disturbed by local inhabitants.


15.0 ADJACENT PROPERTIES


As shown in Figure 3, the fault zone between the Lower Carboniferous limestone and the Upper Triassic clastic unit is the major control of the gold and silver mineralization in the area. The zone occurs as highly silicified and brecciated rocks (limestone) at surface and can be traced for more than 10km to the southwest, along which several silver, lead and zinc occurrences have been found. It seems that the zone also extends to the northeast bank of the Xijiang River where similar types of gold and silver mineralization were discovered. The potential for discovering new zones of silver and gold are considered good at both southwest and northeast extensions of the Changkeng-Fuwan deposit. It is strongly recommended that MINCO negotiate for or acquire the new areas at the




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extensions of Changkeng-Fuwan deposit. MINCO has also entered into a joint venture the Changkeng Property which covers another portion of the silver deposit.


16.0 METALLURGICAL TESTING


16.01. Fuwan Silver Mineralization

Preliminary metallurgical tests were carried out on the silver mineralization. Two flotation methods were tested, one producing Ag-Pb-Zn bulk concentrates, while the other produced Ag-Pb concentrate and Zn concentrate. Bulk concentrate contains 5028g/t Ag, 15.62% Pb, 36.46% Zn with milling recovery rates of 94.11%, 90.05%, and 90.43% for Ag, Pb, and Zn respectively. Optimal flotation produces Ag-Pb concentrates and Zn concentrates with overall silver recovery rate of 96.32%.

Traditional cyanidation was tested also with a poor recovery rate below 80%.

Full details of test were not available to the authors at this time.


17.0 MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES


During exploration a regional resource estimation was performed by 757 Geological Exploration  Team which covered the Fuwan property boundary, the property to the north (Changkeng Property), and an area to the northeast and southwest. The Chinese were not constrained to a property boundary as is the case in North America, as all land belonged to the people and therefore there were no boundaries. When exploration companies and the Chinese government agencies enter into joint ventures are created then boundaries are setup. As the resources estimation was made across the boundaries of the joint venture the figures reported indicate that there is a silver deposit under the property, but will extend beyond the boundary of the Fuwan property. Although the authors have not preformed a resource estimation, the authors have reviewed available data from the Chinese estimation. On review of the Chinese estimation, it was found that the resources for the region, ranged between 17 million tonnes @ 250  g/t Ag, or 136 million oz Ag and 19 million tonnes @ 270 g/t Ag, or 164 million oz Ag and can be classified as an inferred resource as per CIM guidelines. The Chinese estimation does provide evidence there is a silver deposit within the Fuwan property boundaries. The quality and quantity of the resource within the boundaries cannot be readily obtained from the data available at the time of this report. The detailed information will be available as the title transfers are completed.  There are also minor Zn and Pb credits but they have not been estimated into the regional resource, as the principle commodity for the deposit is Silver. The regional resource estimation was created by the 757 Geological Exploration Team using the criteria listed in section 17.1. The resource estimation was reviewed by an independent panel of  Chinese professional experts. Then the resource estimation was evaluated and a valuation created by an independent group.


The independent panel reviewed the data and the procedure for the resource for suitability and national standards. They found the resource estimation to be conducted within their regulations and standards. The estimation adheres to “Classification of Solid




21

 





Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves” promulgated by the State Monitoring Bureau of Quality and Technology of China.


17.1 Methods and Assumptions.


The Chinese resource estimation was created using a polygonal method in vertical section planes parallel to the general strike of the deposit. There were 5 Main units estimated with Zone 1 being the most continuous and largest zone. It is assumed that the Chinese based their criteria on the Chinese mining and exploration experiences.

 

The following a list of criteria used to for the resource estimation


With the above criteria the polygons were created and modified to meet the above criteria.


The polygon boundaries are created by the following: (translation from Chinese text)


The delineation and inference of ore bodies is based on “Classification of Solid Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves” promulgated by the State Monitoring Bureau of Quality and Technology of China.


17.1.1

Delineation of ore body: Delineation of ore body strictly follow geological conditions and economic index. In principle, all samples with grade equal or greater than cutoff grade will be included in resource calculation. In cases that grade of  individual exploration work and block is reduced to less than minimum economic grade, low-grade samples at margins will be excluded to meet the minimum economic grade.


All the samples of internal waste with length greater than the maximum allowable width have to be excluded in resource calculation.


Ore bodies are connected with direct lines between individual exploration works in the same structure and mineralization zone.


17.1.2

 Inference of ore body: When ore body is intersected in one exploration work and is not intersected in the neighboring exploration work along strike, the ore body will be inferred to one second of the distance between the two exploration works. When there is no control of exploration works along strike or dip directions, the boundary of ore body will be inferred to one fourth of the distance of the space of the exploration works.




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17.1.3

Resource Categories and Block Delineation


Categories of resource and delineation of blocks are based on the state standard “Classification of Solid Mineral Resources and Reserves” promulgated by the State Monitoring Bureau of Quality and Technology.


For resource estimation of resource category D and E  in the major mineralized veins, intersection in surface exploration works* is inferred to 50m outwards along strike and that in deep exploration works* is inferred to 100m along strike and 80m along dip direction.


Major considerations include:

1)

Delineation of blocks is basically according to the space of the exploration lines.

2)

Occurrence of mineraizedl vein is similar in one block.

3)

Ore vein is continuous without significant displacement of faults in one block.

4)

The category of resource is the same in one block.


* Term exploration works: any drilling intercepts, trench sample, underground sampling. The term “Ore” is used loosely in the text of the translated Chinese documents and should be considered as mineralized material.



Significant assay intervals for the regional resource estimation were taken from the Sections shown on Table 3. Drilling lies inside and outside of the property boundaries and is shown to indicate work performed on the property and in the area.





23

 






Table 3 Significant composites used in regional silver resource estimation.

Hole

Zone

Composite

 

 

 

Grade Ag g/t

Length m

305

S1

156.6

8.83

305

S2

65.0

1.94

306

S1

103.0

1.99

306

S2

67.7

3.94

307

S1

360.0

1.13

407

S1

951.8

3.20

407

S2

117.0

1.34

408

S1

390.0

1.60

409

S1

59.8

2.70

409

S2

105.0

2.67

410

S1

120.0

1.20

414

S1

126.0

3.19

414

S2

117.0

1.20

414

S3

746.0

2.55

1001

S1

110.0

1.26

1001

S2

345.0

0.80

1001

S4

265.0

0.70

1001

S4

203.0

1.26

1001

S5

84.0

0.85

1002

S1

92.3

2.92

1002

S2

327.0

0.90

1002

S3

137.0

1.44

1002

S4

73.0

0.70

1002

S5

556.9

4.71

1003

S1

193.0

8.48

1003

S2

131.1

6.50

1003

S3

75.0

11.35

1003

S4

140.9

2.90

1003

S5

592.0

1.29

1103

S1

238.9

4.91

1104

S1

1747.0

0.68

1105

S1

71.0

2.75

1603

S1

610.0

1.55

1603

S3

89.0

1.20

1603

S3

89.0

1.20

1604

S1

219.9

9.27

1604

S2

164.0

1.16

1604

S3

446.0

2.00

1606

S2

117.5

2.60

1607

S2

410.0

0.84

1608

S1

144.1

6.38

1609

S2

330.0

1.80

1609

S3

917.3

2.54





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1609

S4

510.0

1.15

1901

S1

165.0

1.28

1901

S1

113.5

2.10

1902

S1

283.7

2.75

1902

S1a

140.0

0.50

1902

S2

246.5

1.55

2403

S1

101.1

12.32

2403

S1B

89.9

8.10

2403

S1C

136.7

2.75

2403

S2

575.0

1.01

2403

S3

168.0

1.20

2403

S4

537.0

2.24

2403

S5

198.0

0.64

2404

S2

61.0

1.44

2404

S4

142.0

1.42

2404

S5

81.0

0.89

2701

S1

129.0

1.00

2701

S2

277.4

2.00

3201

S1

120.0

1.85

3206

S1

445.0

1.00

3206

S2

500.0

1.05

3206

S2B

66.0

1.42

3206

S3

617.7

7.81

3206

S4A

580.0

0.90

3206

S4B

110.0

1.12

3206

S5

87.5

0.87

3207

S1

248.0

1.41

3207

S2

100.0

1.00

3207

S4

327.0

1.08

3207

S5

86.0

0.83

3208

S1

218.0

1.55

3209

S1

91.0

1.43

3209

S2

625.0

1.15

3209

S3

480.0

3.94

3209

S3A

445.0

0.65

4301

S1

271.9

13.23

4802

S2

76.0

1.15

4802

S3

95.0

1.16

4802

S4

81.0

1.43

4808

S1

65.0

2.54

4808

S1A

507.0

1.50

4808

S2

184.9

4.87

4809

S1

322.6

7.14

4809

S2

100.0

1.50

5402

S1

68.0

1.20

5901

S1

235.2

2.60

5901

S2

117.1

0.95

7501

S1

113.1

2.72

7501'

S2

568.1

2.87





25

 







 


17.2  General Discussion, Mineral Resource estimation.


At the present the authors are unaware of any environmental, permitting, legal, taxation, socio-economic, marketing, political or other relevant issues which may materially effect the resource estimation. There are 13 holes drilled within the property boundary. Further drilling is required before a resource can be determined specifically for the Fuwan Property. There is no resource estimation for the Fuwan Property, the 757 Geological Exploration Team created a resource for an area larger than the Fuwan property boundary. The quality and quantity of the resource contained within the Fuwan boundaries cannot easily be determined from within the Chinese estimations, a separate estimation will have to be commissioned. The Chinese estimation does show there is a silver deposit underlying the property. The Chinese estimation does not constitute a resource estimation for the Fuwan Property. The property title is to be transferred to the joint venture shortly. Other factors which may influence the resource in the future is the mining method. However no method has been evaluated for the deposit, although the author speculates an underground method would be more suited to the deposit. The deposit is in a limestone system near the Xijiang River this may lead to some water inflow issues. There appears to be indications of some hydrology tests in reports, but the authors have not been able to confirm.  As a note a number of holes drilled where holes stopped short of potential mineralized zones so there may be additional resources found at a depth.  Another land agreement will have to be negotiated if the deposit is found to be economically feasible to extract minerals in the future, to allow use of current property and nearby land for mining and milling operations.


The Sections shown in the report are typical of the work performed to calculate resources by the Chinese.



18.0 INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS


The Fuwan deposit is currently considered a Carlin style deposit. The exploration work been conducted by 757 Geological Exploration Team was funded by the Chinese government, work being finished in 1995. The funding appears not to be related to performance criteria (i.e. number of ounces found). Based on the data available and the authors’ current understanding of the system in China the authors do not believe that there is any bias in the work conducted by the 757 Geological Exploration Team to misrepresent the work performed or results from the work. Once all the data is made available, further checks and verifications can be made. There is a silver deposit within the boundary of the Fuwan property however, the quality and quantity have yet to be estimated. A resource estimation confined to the property boundary is required once data is available.





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19.0 RECOMMENDATIONS


The following are recommendations for further work but the list below should not be considered complete. In the future as data is gathered, further work will be required.

1 - Negotiate for the remainder of the Fuwan Silver deposit which is not covered by the Fuwan and Changkeng venture agreements.

2 - After formation of the joint venture is complete, verify all raw data. Based on findings other work may be required, including re-sampling core for data consistency.

3 - Twin several holes and sample using a diamond saw, and compare to the original drill

      sampling.

4 - Set up and operate an exploration program to infill drill to upgrade confidence level of

      resources with all the checks and balances required to Canadian standards. The

      program would have three goals:

i. define the current resource within the Fuwan Property.  

ii. collect geotechnical and hydrological information for a mine design in the future

iii better understand the structural aspects of the deposit.

5 - Commission a new resource estimate with new data from Item 3.

6 - Negotiate, through the joint venture, to obtain other properties along trend.

7. - Continue with environmental, metallurgical studies and research.

8. - Initiate work towards a scoping study, with a view towards investigating locations

      and ground conditions for mine, mill and tailings disposal facilities.


 

20.0 REFERENCES


Arehart, G.B. 1996: Characteristics and origin of sediment-hosted disseminated gold

deposits: a review. Ore Geology Reviews, Volume 11, pages 383 – 403.


Christensen, O.D. 1996: Carlin Trend Geologic Overview. In Green, S.M., and

Struhsacker, E., eds., Geology and ore deposits of the American Cordillera: Geological Society of Nevada Field Trip Guidebook Compendium, 1995, Reno/Sparks, Nevada, pages 147-156.


Chen, Y.C. 1999: Mineral Resources Assessment of Major Metallogenic Provinces in China, pages 350-383.


Jiang, R. September 2003: Report on site-visit Changkeng-Fuwan project. Private internal report to Minnco Mining and Metallurgical Company, Oct. 26, 2003, 7 pages.



Ilchick, R.P. and Barton, M.D. 1997: An amagmatic origin of Carlin-type gold deposits.

Economic Geology, Volume 92, pages 269 – 288.




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Poulsen, K.H. 1996: Carlin-type gold deposits and their potential occurrence in the

Canadian Cordillera; in Current Research, Part A, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 1996-A, p. 1-9.


757 Geological Exploration Team, 1993: Report on gold exploration in Changkeng, Guangdong province. (Unpublished report)



Tosdale, R. 2000: Overview of Carlin – Type Gold Deposits in the Great Basin, Western

U.S.A.  in T. Thompson and G. Arehart (eds.) Carlin Type Au Deposits of the North American Cordillera: What are they? Where are They, Mineral Depoits Research Unit the University of British Columbia, Short Course Number 27, pages 125 – 153.




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[report1011.jpg]




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[report1012.jpg]






30

 





 












Appendix

Sections

And

Plans




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Section 4


[report1013.jpg]







32








33







Section 16

[report1014.jpg]






34











35










36











37









38








39





40



Section 11


[report1015.jpg]







41









42





43


 

44


Dates Referenced Herein   and   Documents Incorporated by Reference

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