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Goldman Sachs Group Inc – ‘10-Q’ for 3/31/11 – ‘XML.R35’

On:  Monday, 5/9/11, at 7:31pm ET   ·   As of:  5/10/11   ·   For:  3/31/11   ·   Accession #:  950123-11-47633   ·   File #:  1-14965

Previous ‘10-Q’:  ‘10-Q’ on 11/9/10 for 9/30/10   ·   Next:  ‘10-Q’ on 8/9/11 for 6/30/11   ·   Latest:  ‘10-Q’ on 11/3/23 for 9/30/23

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  As Of               Filer                 Filing    For·On·As Docs:Size             Issuer                      Filing Agent

 5/10/11  Goldman Sachs Group Inc           10-Q        3/31/11  113:34M                                    Donnelley … Solutions/FA

Quarterly Report   —   Form 10-Q   —   Sect. 13 / 15(d) – SEA’34
Filing Table of Contents

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: 10-Q        Quarterly Report                                    HTML   2.18M 
 2: EX-3.1      EX-3.1 : Certificate of Elimination of 10%          HTML     33K 
                Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series G, of               
                the Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.                                    
 3: EX-3.2      Ex-3.2: Restated Certificate of Incorporation of    HTML    343K 
                the Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.                                    
 4: EX-12.1     Ex-12.1: Statement Re: Computation of Ratios of     HTML     53K 
                Earnings to Fixed Charges and Ratios of Earnings                 
                to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock                    
                Dividends                                                        
 5: EX-15.1     Ex-15.1: Letter Re: Unaudited Interim Financial     HTML     33K 
                Information                                                      
 6: EX-31.1     Ex-31.1: Rule 13A-14(A) Certifications              HTML     43K 
 7: EX-32.1     Ex-32.1: Section 1350 Certifications                HTML     34K 
84: XML         IDEA XML File -- Definitions and References          XML    485K 
102: XML         IDEA XML File -- Filing Summary                      XML    541K  
97: XML.R1      Document and Entity Information                      XML    221K 
98: XML.R2      Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings        XML    365K 
                (Unaudited)                                                      
50: XML.R3      Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial       XML    391K 
                Condition (Unaudited)                                            
59: XML.R4      Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial       XML    270K 
                Condition (Unaudited) (Parenthetical)                            
82: XML.R5      Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in      XML    927K 
                Shareholders Equity (Unaudited)                                  
77: XML.R6      Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows      XML    499K 
                (Unaudited)                                                      
108: XML.R7      Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive   XML    108K  
                Income (Unaudited)                                               
25: XML.R8      Description of Business                              XML     60K 
76: XML.R9      Basis of Presentation                                XML     58K 
21: XML.R10     Significant Accounting Policies                      XML     92K 
20: XML.R11     Financial Instruments Owned, At Fair Value And       XML    105K 
                Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased,               
                At Fair Value                                                    
49: XML.R12     Fair Value Measurements                              XML    324K 
91: XML.R13     Cash Instruments                                     XML    321K 
51: XML.R14     Derivatives and Hedging Activities                   XML    501K 
55: XML.R15     Fair Value Option                                    XML    123K 
71: XML.R16     Collateralized Agreements and Financings             XML    148K 
113: XML.R17     Securitization Activities                            XML    115K  
42: XML.R18     Variable Interest Entities                           XML    241K 
14: XML.R19     Other Assets                                         XML     72K 
58: XML.R20     Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets          XML    135K 
89: XML.R21     Deposits                                             XML     77K 
32: XML.R22     Short-Term Borrowings                                XML     79K 
83: XML.R23     Long-Term Borrowings                                 XML    131K 
56: XML.R24     Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses               XML     81K 
107: XML.R25     Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees            XML    160K  
93: XML.R26     Shareholders Equity                                  XML    106K 
62: XML.R27     Regulation and Capital Adequacy                      XML    102K 
72: XML.R28     Earnings Per Common Share                            XML     75K 
19: XML.R29     Transactions with Affiliated Funds                   XML     68K 
23: XML.R30     Interest Income and Interest Expense                 XML     76K 
35: XML.R31     Income Taxes                                         XML     69K 
45: XML.R32     Business Segments                                    XML    145K 
70: XML.R33     Credit Concentrations                                XML     74K 
92: XML.R34     Legal Proceedings                                    XML    135K 
17: XML.R35     Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)           XML    358K 
26: XML.R36     Financial Instruments Owned, at Fair Value and       XML    108K 
                Financial Instruments Sold but not yet Purchased,                
                at Fair Value (Tables)                                           
99: XML.R37     Fair Value Measurements (Tables)                     XML    318K 
106: XML.R38     Cash Instruments (Tables)                            XML    300K  
63: XML.R39     Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Tables)          XML    497K 
110: XML.R40     Fair Value Option (Tables)                           XML    107K  
27: XML.R41     Collateralized Agreements and Financings (Tables)    XML    154K 
112: XML.R42     Securitization Activities (Tables)                   XML    118K  
37: XML.R43     Variable Interest Entities (Tables)                  XML    219K 
15: XML.R44     Other Assets (Tables)                                XML     66K 
36: XML.R45     Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets          XML    138K 
                (Tables)                                                         
87: XML.R46     Deposits (Tables)                                    XML     83K 
105: XML.R47     Short-Term Borrowings (Tables)                       XML     81K  
53: XML.R48     Long Term Borrowings (Tables)                        XML    142K 
39: XML.R49     Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses (Tables)      XML     84K 
69: XML.R50     Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees (Tables)   XML    134K 
18: XML.R51     Shareholders' Equity (Tables)                        XML    107K 
74: XML.R52     Regulation and Capital Adequacy (Tables)             XML     78K 
40: XML.R53     Earnings Per Common Share (Tables)                   XML     79K 
24: XML.R54     Transactions with Affiliated Funds (Tables)          XML     71K 
104: XML.R55     Interest Income And Interest Expense (Tables)        XML     75K  
101: XML.R56     Income Taxes (Tables)                                XML     62K  
48: XML.R57     Business Segments (Tables)                           XML    152K 
31: XML.R58     Credit Concentrations (Tables)                       XML     76K 
95: XML.R59     Significant Accounting Policies (Details)            XML     77K 
22: XML.R60     Financial Instruments Owned, At Fair Value And       XML   1.23M 
                Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased,               
                At Fair Value (Details)                                          
78: XML.R61     Fair Value Measurements (Details)                    XML   5.53M 
75: XML.R62     Cash Instruments (Details)                           XML  13.29M 
100: XML.R63     Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Details)         XML    165K  
96: XML.R64     Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Details 1)       XML    997K 
109: XML.R65     Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Details 2)       XML   2.10M  
29: XML.R66     Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Details 3)       XML    772K 
47: XML.R67     Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Details 4)       XML    136K 
67: XML.R68     Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Details 5)       XML   1.68M 
57: XML.R69     Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Details 6)       XML    160K 
68: XML.R70     Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Details 7)       XML   1.52M 
111: XML.R71     Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Details 8)       XML    114K  
30: XML.R72     Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Details 9)       XML    157K 
38: XML.R73     Fair Value Option (Details)                          XML    608K 
34: XML.R74     Collateralized Agreements and Financings (Details)   XML    684K 
64: XML.R75     Securitization Activities (Details)                  XML    389K 
73: XML.R76     Securitization Activities (Details 1)                XML    338K 
61: XML.R77     Variable Interest Entities (Details)                 XML   1.96M 
54: XML.R78     Other Assets (Details)                               XML    168K 
28: XML.R79     Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets          XML   1.02M 
                (Details)                                                        
16: XML.R80     Deposits (Details)                                   XML    422K 
65: XML.R81     Short Term Borrowings (Details)                      XML    178K 
46: XML.R82     Long Term Borrowings (Details)                       XML     85K 
60: XML.R83     Long Term Borrowings (Details 1)                     XML    210K 
86: XML.R84     Long Term Borrowings (Details 2)                     XML    123K 
81: XML.R85     Long Term Borrowings (Details 3)                     XML    792K 
43: XML.R86     Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses (Details)     XML    262K 
90: XML.R87     Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees            XML   1.64M 
                (Details)                                                        
79: XML.R88     Shareholders' Equity (Details)                       XML   2.37M 
33: XML.R89     Regulation and Capital Adequacy (Details)            XML    586K 
52: XML.R90     Earnings Per Common Share (Details)                  XML    171K 
80: XML.R91     Transactions with Affiliated Funds (Details)         XML    148K 
41: XML.R92     Interest Income and Interest Expense (Details)       XML    187K 
94: XML.R93     Income Taxes (Details)                               XML    193K 
44: XML.R94     Business Segments (Details)                          XML   1.35M 
85: XML.R95     Credit Concentrations (Details)                      XML    245K 
66: XML.R96     Legal Proceedings (Details)                          XML    298K 
103: EXCEL       IDEA Workbook of Financial Reports (.xls)            XLS   4.68M  
 8: EX-101.INS  XBRL Instance -- gs-20110331                         XML   6.55M 
10: EX-101.CAL  XBRL Calculations -- gs-20110331_cal                 XML    292K 
13: EX-101.DEF  XBRL Definitions -- gs-20110331_def                  XML   1.21M 
11: EX-101.LAB  XBRL Labels -- gs-20110331_lab                       XML   2.93M 
12: EX-101.PRE  XBRL Presentations -- gs-20110331_pre                XML   1.77M 
 9: EX-101.SCH  XBRL Schema -- gs-20110331                           XSD    629K 
88: ZIP         XBRL Zipped Folder -- 0000950123-11-047633-xbrl      Zip    486K

‘XML.R35’   —   Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

This Financial Report is an XBRL XML File.

                                                                                                                                                                                
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note3_accounting_policy_table1 - us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Consolidation</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The firm consolidates entities in which the firm has a controlling financial interest. The firm determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity or a variable interest entity (VIE). </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Voting Interest Entities.  </b>Voting interest entities are entities in which (i) the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities independently and (ii) the equity holders have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance, the obligation to absorb the losses of the entity and the right to receive the residual returns of the entity. The usual condition for a controlling financial interest in a voting interest entity is ownership of a majority voting interest. If the firm has a majority voting interest in a voting interest entity, the entity is consolidated. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Variable Interest Entities.  </b>A VIE is an entity that lacks one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. The firm has a controlling financial interest in a VIE when the firm has a variable interest or interests that provide it with (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. See Note 11 for further information about VIEs. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="white-space: nowrap">Equity-Method</font> Investments.</b>  When the firm does not have a controlling financial interest in an entity but can exert significant influence over the entity’s operating and financial policies, the investment is accounted for either (i) under the equity method of accounting or (ii) at fair value by electing the fair value option available under U.S. GAAP. Significant influence generally exists when the firm owns 20% to 50% of the entity’s common stock or <font style="white-space: nowrap">in-substance</font> common stock. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> In general, the firm accounts for investments acquired subsequent to November 24, 2006, when the fair value option became available, at fair value. In certain cases, the firm applies the equity method of accounting to new investments that are strategic in nature or closely related to the firm’s principal business activities, when the firm has a significant degree of involvement in the cash flows or operations of the investee or when <font style="white-space: nowrap">cost-benefit</font> considerations are less significant. See Note 12 for further information about <font style="white-space: nowrap">equity-method</font> investments. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Investment Funds.  </b>The firm has formed numerous investment funds with <font style="white-space: nowrap">third-party</font> investors. These funds are typically organized as limited partnerships or limited liability companies for which the firm acts as general partner or manager. Generally, the firm does not hold a majority of the economic interests in these funds. These funds are usually voting interest entities and generally are not consolidated because <font style="white-space: nowrap">third-party</font> investors typically have rights to terminate the funds or to remove the firm as general partner or manager. Investments in these funds are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value.” See Notes 6, 18 and 22 for further information about investments in funds. </div> </div>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note3_accounting_policy_table2 - gs:VariableInterestEntityConsolidationPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Variable Interest Entities.  </b>A VIE is an entity that lacks one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. The firm has a controlling financial interest in a VIE when the firm has a variable interest or interests that provide it with (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. See Note 11 for further information about VIEs. </div> </div> <!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note11_accounting_policy_table1 - gs:VariableInterestEntityConsolidationPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The enterprise with a controlling financial interest in a VIE is known as the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE. The firm determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE by performing an analysis that principally considers: </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left"> <tr> <td width="2%"></td> <td width="98%"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> which variable interest holder has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> which variable interest holder has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE; </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> the VIE’s purpose and design, including the risks the VIE was designed to create and pass through to its variable interest holders; </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> the VIE’s capital structure; </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> the terms between the VIE and its variable interest holders and other parties involved with the VIE; and </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> related party relationships. </td> </tr> </table> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The firm reassesses its initial evaluation of whether an entity is a VIE when certain reconsideration events occur. The firm reassesses its determination of whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis based on current facts and circumstances. </div> </div>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note2_accounting_policy_table1 - gs:BasisOfPresentationPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> These condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) and include the accounts of Group Inc. and all other entities in which the firm has a controlling financial interest. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> These condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the firm’s Annual Report on <font style="white-space: nowrap">Form 10-K</font> for the year ended December 31, 2010. References to “the firm’s Annual Report on <font style="white-space: nowrap">Form 10-K”</font> are to the firm’s Annual Report on <font style="white-space: nowrap">Form 10-K</font> for the year ended December 31, 2010. The condensed consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2010 has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements not included herein. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. These adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. Interim period operating results may not be indicative of the operating results for a full year. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> All references to March 2011 and March 2010, unless specifically stated otherwise, refer to the firm’s periods ended, or the dates, as the context requires, March 31, 2011 and March 31, 2010, respectively. All references to December 2010, unless specifically stated otherwise, refer to the date December 31, 2010. Certain reclassifications have been made to previously reported amounts to conform to the current presentation. </div> </div>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note3_accounting_policy_table4 - gs:UseOfEstimatesPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Use of Estimates</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions, the most important of which relate to fair value measurements, accounting for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, discretionary compensation accruals and the provision for losses that may arise from litigation, regulatory proceedings and tax audits. These estimates and assumptions are based on the best available information but actual results could be materially different. </div> </div>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note3_accounting_policy_table5 - gs:RevenuesRecognitionPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Revenue Recognition</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities at Fair Value.  </b>Financial instruments owned, at fair value and Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value are recorded at fair value either under the fair value option or in accordance with other U.S. GAAP. In addition, the firm has elected to account for certain of its other financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value by electing the fair value option. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial assets are marked to bid prices and financial liabilities are marked to offer prices. Fair value measurements do not include transaction costs. Fair value gains or losses are generally included in “Market making” for positions in Institutional Client Services and “Other principal transactions” for positions in Investing & Lending. See Notes 5 through 8 for further information about fair value measurements. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Investment Banking.  </b>Fees from financial advisory assignments and underwriting revenues are recognized in earnings when the services related to the underlying transaction are completed under the terms of the assignment. Expenses associated with such transactions are deferred until the related revenue is recognized or the assignment is otherwise concluded. Expenses associated with financial advisory assignments are recorded as <font style="white-space: nowrap">non-compensation</font> expenses, net of client reimbursements. Underwriting revenues are presented net of related expenses. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Investment Management.  </b>The firm earns management fees and incentive fees for investment management services. Management fees are calculated as a percentage of net asset value, invested capital or commitments, and are recognized over the period that the related service is provided. Incentive fees are calculated as a percentage of a fund’s or separately managed account’s return, or excess return above a specified benchmark or other performance target. Incentive fees are generally based on investment performance over a <font style="white-space: nowrap">12-month</font> period or over the life of a fund. Fees that are based on performance over a <font style="white-space: nowrap">12-month</font> period are subject to adjustment prior to the end of the measurement period. For fees that are based on investment performance over the life of the fund, future investment underperformance may require fees previously distributed to the firm to be returned to the fund. Incentive fees are recognized only when all material contingencies have been resolved. Management and incentive fee revenues are included in “Investment management” revenues. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Commissions and Fees.  </b>The firm earns “Commissions and fees” from executing and clearing client transactions on stock, options and futures markets. Commissions and fees are recognized on the day the trade is executed. </div> </div>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note8_accounting_policy_table1 - gs:FairValueOptionPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Other Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities at Fair Value</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> In addition to all cash and derivative instruments included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value,” the firm has elected to account for certain of its other financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value under the fair value option. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The primary reasons for electing the fair value option are to: </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left"> <tr> <td width="2%"></td> <td width="98%"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> reflect economic events in earnings on a timely basis; </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> mitigate volatility in earnings from using different measurement attributes (e.g., transfers of financial instruments owned accounted for as financings are recorded at fair value whereas the related secured financing would be recorded on an accrual basis absent electing the fair value option); and </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> address simplification and <font style="white-space: nowrap">cost-benefit</font> considerations (e.g., accounting for hybrid financial instruments at fair value in their entirety versus bifurcation of embedded derivatives and hedge accounting for debt hosts). </td> </tr> </table> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Hybrid financial instruments are instruments that contain bifurcatable embedded derivatives and do not require settlement by physical delivery of <font style="white-space: nowrap">non-financial</font> assets (e.g., physical commodities). If the firm elects to bifurcate the embedded derivative from the associated debt, the derivative is accounted for at fair value and the host contract is accounted for at amortized cost, adjusted for the effective portion of any fair value hedges. If the firm does not elect to bifurcate, the entire hybrid financial instrument is accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. </div> <!-- XBRL Pagebreak Begin --> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> </div> <!-- END PAGE WIDTH --> <!-- PAGEBREAK --> <div style="margin-left: 0%"> <!-- BEGIN PAGE WIDTH --> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt"> </div> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b> <font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> </font> </b> </div> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt"> </div> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b> <font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> </font> </b> </div> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b> <font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> </font> </b> </div> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt"> </div> <!-- XBRL Pagebreak End --> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Other financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value under the fair value option include: </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left"> <tr> <td width="2%"></td> <td width="98%"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> resale and repurchase agreements; </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> securities borrowed and loaned within Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution; </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> certain other secured financings, primarily transfers of assets accounted for as financings rather than sales, debt raised through the firm’s William Street credit extension program and certain other nonrecourse financings; </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> certain unsecured <font style="white-space: nowrap">short-term</font> borrowings, consisting of all promissory notes and commercial paper and certain hybrid financial instruments; </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> certain unsecured <font style="white-space: nowrap">long-term</font> borrowings, including prepaid commodity transactions and certain hybrid financial instruments; </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> certain receivables from customers and counterparties, including certain margin loans, transfers of assets accounted for as secured loans rather than purchases and prepaid variable share forwards; </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> certain insurance and reinsurance contract assets and liabilities and certain guarantees; </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> certain deposits issued by the firm’s bank subsidiaries, as well as securities held by Goldman Sachs Bank USA (GS Bank USA); </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> certain subordinated liabilities issued by consolidated VIEs; and </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> in general, investments acquired after November 24, 2006, when the fair value option became available, where the firm has significant influence over the investee and would otherwise apply the equity method of accounting. </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note6_accounting_policy_table1 - gs:FairValueMeasurementsPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 1pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Cash instruments include U.S. government and federal agency obligations, <font style="white-space: nowrap">non-U.S. government</font> obligations, bank loans and bridge loans, corporate debt securities, equities and convertible debentures, and other <font style="white-space: nowrap">non-derivative</font> financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased. See below for the types of cash instruments included in each level of the fair value hierarchy and the valuation techniques and significant inputs used to determine their fair values. See Note 5 for an overview of the firm’s fair value measurement policies and the fair value hierarchy. </div> <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Level 1 Cash Instruments</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Level 1 cash instruments include U.S. government obligations and most <font style="white-space: nowrap">non-U.S. government</font> obligations, actively traded listed equities and certain money market instruments. These instruments are valued using quoted prices for identical unrestricted instruments in active markets. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The firm defines active markets for equity instruments based on the average daily trading volume both in absolute terms and relative to the market capitalization for the instrument. The firm defines active markets for debt instruments based on both the average daily trading volume and the number of days with trading activity. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The fair value of a level 1 instrument is calculated as quantity held multiplied by quoted market price. U.S. GAAP prohibits valuation adjustments being applied to level 1 instruments even in situations where the firm holds a large position and a sale could impact the quoted price. </div> <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Level 2 Cash Instruments</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Level 2 cash instruments include commercial paper, certificates of deposit, time deposits, most government agency obligations, most corporate debt securities, commodities, certain <font style="white-space: nowrap">mortgage-backed</font> loans and securities, certain bank loans and bridge loans, less liquid publicly listed equities, certain state and municipal obligations and certain money market instruments and lending commitments. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Valuations of level 2 cash instruments can be verified to quoted prices, recent trading activity for identical or similar instruments, broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Consideration is given to the nature of the quotations (e.g., indicative or firm) and the relationship of recent market activity to the prices provided from alternative pricing sources. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Valuation adjustments are typically made to level 2 cash instruments (i) if the cash instrument is subject to transfer restrictions, <font style="white-space: nowrap">and/or</font> (ii) for other premiums and discounts that a market participant would require to arrive at fair value. Valuation adjustments are generally based on market evidence. </div> <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Level 3 Cash Instruments</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Level 3 cash instruments have one or more significant valuation inputs that are not observable. Absent evidence to the contrary, level 3 cash instruments are initially valued at transaction price, which is considered to be the best initial estimate of fair value. Subsequently, the firm uses other methodologies to determine fair value, which vary based on the type of instrument. Valuation inputs and assumptions are changed when corroborated by substantive observable evidence, including values realized on sales of level 3 assets. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The table below presents the valuation techniques and the nature of significant inputs generally used to determine the fair values of each class of level 3 cash instrument. </div> <!-- XBRL Pagebreak Begin --> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> </div> <!-- END PAGE WIDTH --> <!-- PAGEBREAK --> <div style="margin-left: 0%"> <!-- BEGIN PAGE WIDTH --> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt"> </div> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b> <font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> </font> </b> </div> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt"> </div> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b> <font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> </font> </b> </div> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b> <font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> </font> </b> </div> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt"> </div> <!-- XBRL Pagebreak End --> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <table border="0" width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent; text-align: left"> <!-- Table Width Row BEGIN --> <tr style="font-size: 1pt" valign="bottom"> <td width="34%"> </td><!-- colindex=01 type=maindata --> <td width="1%"> </td><!-- colindex=02 type=gutterleft --> <td width="1%"> </td><!-- colindex=02 type=gutterright --> <td width="64%"> </td><!-- colindex=02 type=maindata --> </tr> <!-- Table Width Row END --> <!-- TableOutputHead --> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom" align="center"> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" valign="bottom" style="border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt; border-top: 1px solid #000000"> <b> Level 3 Cash Instrument</b> </td> <td style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt; border-top: 1px solid #000000">   </td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #000000">   </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" valign="bottom" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt; border-top: 1px solid #000000"> <b>Valuation Techniques and Significant Inputs</b> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 1pt" valign="bottom" align="center"> <td colspan="4" align="left" valign="bottom" style="font-size: 1pt; border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt; border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt; border-bottom: 1px solid #000000">   </td> </tr> <!-- TableOutputBody --> <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td align="left" valign="top" style="border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt"> <div> Loans and securities backed by commercial real estate<br /><br /> </div> <div> •  Collateralized by a single commercial real estate property or a portfolio of properties<br /> </div> <div> <br /> </div> <div> •  May include tranches of varying levels of subordination </div> </td> <td style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt">   </td> <td>   </td> <td align="left" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt"> Valuation techniques vary by instrument, but are generally based on discounted cash flow techniques.<br /> <br /> Significant inputs for these valuations include:<br /> <br />  •  Transaction prices in both the underlying collateral and instruments with the same or similar underlying collateral<br /> <br />  •  Current levels and changes in market indices such as the CMBX (an index that tracks the performance of commercial mortgage bonds)<br /> <br />  •  Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets<br /> <br />  •  Current performance of the underlying collateral<br /> <br />  •  Capitalization rates and multiples </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="font-size: 1pt"> <td colspan="4" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt; border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt">   </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="font-size: 1pt"> <td colspan="4" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt; border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt; border-top: 1px solid #000000">   </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td align="left" valign="top" style="border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt"> <div style="text-indent: -0pt; margin-left: 0pt;"> Loans and securities backed by residential real estate<br /><br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -15pt; margin-left: 15pt;"> •  Collateralized by portfolios of residential real estate<br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -0pt; margin-left: 0pt;"> <br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -15pt; margin-left: 15pt;"> •  May include tranches of varying levels of subordination </div> </td> <td style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt">   </td> <td>   </td> <td align="left" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt"> <div style="text-indent: -0pt; margin-left: 0pt;"> Valuation techniques vary by instrument, but are generally based on relative value analyses, discounted cash flow techniques or a combination thereof.<br /><br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -0pt; margin-left: 0pt;"> Significant inputs are determined based on relative value analyses, which incorporate comparisons to instruments with similar collateral and risk profiles, including relevant indices such as the ABX (an index that tracks the performance of subprime residential mortgage bonds). Significant inputs include:<br /><br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -15pt; margin-left: 15pt;">  •  Home price projections, residential property liquidation timelines and related costs<br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -0pt; margin-left: 0pt;"> <br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -15pt; margin-left: 15pt;">  •  Underlying loan prepayment, default and cumulative loss expectations<br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -0pt; margin-left: 0pt;"> <br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -15pt; margin-left: 15pt;">  •  Transaction prices in both the underlying collateral and instruments with the same or similar underlying collateral<br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -0pt; margin-left: 0pt;"> <br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -15pt; margin-left: 15pt;">  •  Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets </div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="font-size: 1pt"> <td colspan="4" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt; border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt">   </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="font-size: 1pt"> <td colspan="4" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt; border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt; border-top: 1px solid #000000">   </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td align="left" valign="top" style="border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt"> <div> Loan portfolios<br /><br /> </div> <div> •  Acquired portfolios of distressed loans<br /> </div> <div> <br /> </div> <div> •  Primarily backed by commercial and residential real estate collateral </div> </td> <td style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt">   </td> <td>   </td> <td align="left" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt"> Valuations are based on discounted cash flow techniques.<br /> <br /> Significant inputs are determined based on relative value analyses which incorporate comparisons to recent auction data for other similar loan portfolios. Significant inputs include:<br /> <br />  •  Amount and timing of expected future cash flows<br /> <br />  •  Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="font-size: 1pt"> <td colspan="4" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt; border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt">   </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="font-size: 1pt"> <td colspan="4" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt; border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt; border-top: 1px solid #000000">   </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td align="left" valign="top" style="border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt"> <div style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-left: 4pt"> Bank loans and bridge loans<br /> <br /> Corporate debt securities<br /> <br /> State and municipal obligations<br /> <br /> Other debt obligations </div> </td> <td style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt">   </td> <td>   </td> <td align="left" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt"> <div style="text-indent: -0pt; margin-left: 0pt;"> Valuation techniques vary by instrument, but are generally based on discounted cash flow techniques.<br /><br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -0pt; margin-left: 0pt;"> Significant inputs are generally determined based on relative value analyses, which incorporate comparisons both to prices of credit default swaps that reference the same or similar underlying credit risk and to other debt instruments for the same issuer for which observable prices or broker quotations are available. Significant inputs include:<br /><br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -15pt; margin-left: 15pt;">  •  Amount and timing of expected future cash flows<br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -0pt; margin-left: 0pt;"> <br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -15pt; margin-left: 15pt;">  •  Current levels and trends of market indices such as CDX, LCDX and MCDX (indices that track the performance of corporate credit, loans and municipal obligations, respectively)<br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -0pt; margin-left: 0pt;"> <br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -15pt; margin-left: 15pt;">  •  Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets<br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -0pt; margin-left: 0pt;"> <br /> </div> <div style="text-indent: -15pt; margin-left: 15pt;">  •  Current performance and recovery assumptions and, where the firm uses credit default swaps to value the related cash instrument, the cost of borrowing the underlying reference obligation </div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="font-size: 1pt"> <td colspan="4" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt; border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt">   </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="font-size: 1pt"> <td colspan="4" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt; border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt; border-top: 1px solid #000000">   </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td align="left" valign="top" style="border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt"> <div> Equities and convertible debentures<br /><br /> </div> <div> •  Private equity investments </div> </td> <td style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt">   </td> <td>   </td> <td align="left" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt"> Recent third-party investments or pending transactions are considered to be the best evidence for any change in fair value. When these are not available, the following valuation methodologies are used, as appropriate and available:<br /> <br />  •  Transactions in similar instruments<br /> <br />  •  Discounted cash flow techniques<br /> <br />  •  Third-party appraisals<br /> <br />  •  Industry multiples and public comparables<br /> <br /> Evidence includes recent or pending reorganizations (e.g., merger proposals, tender offers, debt restructurings) and significant changes in financial metrics, such as:<br /> <br />  •  Current financial performance as compared to projected performance<br /> <br />  •  Capitalization rates and multiples<br /> <br />  •  Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="font-size: 1pt"> <td colspan="4" valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt; border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt">   </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="font-size: 1pt"> <td colspan="4" style="border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-right: 2pt; border-left: 1px solid #000000; padding-left: 2pt; border-top: 1px solid #000000">   </td> </tr> </table> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> </div> </div> </div> <!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note7_accounting_policy_table1 - us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock--> <div align="center" style="font-size: 1pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div align="left" style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Valuation Techniques for Derivatives</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> See Note 5 for an overview of the firm’s fair value measurement policies and the fair value hierarchy. </div> <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Level 1 Derivatives</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <font style="white-space: nowrap">Exchange-traded</font> derivatives fall within level 1 if they are actively traded and are valued at their quoted market price. </div> <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Level 2 Derivatives</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Level 2 derivatives include <font style="white-space: nowrap">exchange-traded</font> derivatives that are not actively traded and OTC derivatives for which all significant valuation inputs are corroborated by market evidence. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Level 2 <font style="white-space: nowrap">exchange-traded</font> derivatives are valued using models that calibrate to <font style="white-space: nowrap">market-clearing</font> levels of OTC derivatives. Inputs to the valuations of level 2 OTC derivatives can be verified to <font style="white-space: nowrap">market-clearing</font> transactions, broker or dealer quotations or other alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Consideration is given to the nature of the quotations (e.g., indicative or firm) and the relationship of recent market activity to the prices provided from alternative pricing sources. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Where models are used, the selection of a particular model to value an OTC derivative depends on the contractual terms of and specific risks inherent in the instrument, as well as the availability of pricing information in the market. Valuation models require a variety of inputs, including contractual terms, market prices, yield curves, credit curves, measures of volatility, prepayment rates, loss severity rates and correlations of such inputs. For OTC derivatives that trade in liquid markets, model selection does not involve significant management judgment because outputs of models can be calibrated to <font style="white-space: nowrap">market-clearing</font> levels. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Price transparency of OTC derivatives can generally be characterized by product type. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Interest Rate.  </b>In general, the prices and other inputs used to value interest rate derivatives are transparent, even for <font style="white-space: nowrap">long-dated</font> contracts. Interest rate swaps and options denominated in the currencies of leading industrialized nations are characterized by high trading volumes and tight bid/offer spreads. Interest rate derivatives that reference indices, such as an inflation index, or the shape of the yield curve <font style="white-space: nowrap">(e.g., 10-year</font> swap rate vs. <font style="white-space: nowrap">2-year</font> swap rate), are more complex and are therefore less transparent, but the prices and other inputs are generally observable. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Credit.  </b>Price transparency for credit default swaps, including both single names and baskets of credits, varies by market and underlying reference entity or obligation. Credit default swaps that reference indices, large corporates and major sovereigns generally exhibit the most price transparency. For credit default swaps with other underliers, price transparency varies based on credit rating, the cost of borrowing the underlying reference obligations, and the availability of the underlying reference obligations for delivery upon the default of the issuer. Credit default swaps that reference loans, <font style="white-space: nowrap">asset-backed</font> securities and emerging market debt instruments tend to be less transparent than those that reference corporate bonds. In addition, more complex credit derivatives, such as those sensitive to the correlation between two or more underlying reference obligations, generally have less price transparency. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Currency.  </b>Prices for currency derivatives based on the exchange rates of leading industrialized nations, including those with longer tenors, are generally transparent. The primary difference between the transparency of developed and emerging market currency derivatives is that emerging markets tend to be observable for contracts with shorter tenors. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Commodity.  </b>Commodity derivatives include transactions referenced to energy (e.g., oil and natural gas), metals (e.g., precious and base) and soft commodities (e.g., agricultural). Price transparency varies based on the underlying commodity, delivery location, tenor and product quality (e.g., diesel fuel compared to unleaded gasoline). In general, price transparency for commodity derivatives is greater for contracts with shorter tenors and contracts that are more closely aligned with major <font style="white-space: nowrap">and/or</font> benchmark commodity indices. </div> <!-- XBRL Pagebreak Begin --> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> </div> <!-- END PAGE WIDTH --> <!-- PAGEBREAK --> <div style="margin-left: 0%"> <!-- BEGIN PAGE WIDTH --> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt"> </div> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b> <font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> </font> </b> </div> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt"> </div> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b> <font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> </font> </b> </div> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b> <font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> </font> </b> </div> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt"> </div> <!-- XBRL Pagebreak End --> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Equity.  </b>Price transparency for equity derivatives varies by market and underlier. Options on indices and the common stock of corporates included in major equity indices exhibit the most price transparency. <font style="white-space: nowrap">Exchange-traded</font> and OTC equity derivatives generally have observable market prices, except for contracts with long tenors or reference prices that differ significantly from current market prices. More complex equity derivatives, such as those sensitive to the correlation between two or more individual stocks, generally have less price transparency. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Liquidity is essential to observability of all product types. If transaction volumes decline, previously transparent prices and other inputs may become unobservable. Conversely, even highly structured products may at times have trading volumes large enough to provide observability of prices and other inputs. </div> <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Level 3 Derivatives</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Level 3 OTC derivatives are valued using models which utilize observable level 1 <font style="white-space: nowrap">and/or</font> level 2 inputs, as well as unobservable level 3 inputs. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left"> <tr> <td width="2%"></td> <td width="98%"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> For the majority of the firm’s interest rate and currency derivatives classified within level 3, the significant unobservable inputs are correlations of certain currencies and interest rates (e.g., the correlation of Japanese yen foreign exchange rates to U.S. dollar interest rates). </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> For credit derivatives classified within level 3, significant level 3 inputs include <font style="white-space: nowrap">long-dated</font> credit and funding spreads as well as certain correlation inputs required to value credit and mortgage derivatives (e.g., the likelihood of default of the underlying reference obligations relative to one another). </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> For level 3 equity derivatives, significant level 3 inputs generally include equity volatility inputs for options that are very <font style="white-space: nowrap">long-dated</font> <font style="white-space: nowrap">and/or</font> have strike prices that differ significantly from current market prices. In addition, the valuation of certain structured trades requires the use of level 3 inputs for the correlation of the price performance for two or more individual stocks. </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> For level 3 commodity derivatives, significant level 3 inputs include volatilities for options with strike prices that differ significantly from current market prices and prices for certain products for which the product quality is not aligned with benchmark indices. </td> </tr> </table> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Subsequent to the initial valuation of a level 3 OTC derivative, the firm updates the level 1 and level 2 inputs to reflect observable market changes and any resulting gains and losses are recorded in level 3. Level 3 inputs are changed when corroborated by evidence such as similar market transactions, <font style="white-space: nowrap">third-party</font> pricing services <font style="white-space: nowrap">and/or</font> broker or dealer quotations or other empirical market data. In circumstances where the firm cannot verify the model value by reference to market transactions, it is possible that a different valuation model could produce a materially different estimate of fair value. </div> <!-- XBRL Pagebreak Begin --> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> </div> </div> <!-- END PAGE WIDTH --> <!-- PAGEBREAK --> <div style="margin-left: 0%"> <!-- BEGIN PAGE WIDTH --> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt"> </div> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b> <font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> </font> </b> </div> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt"> </div> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b> <font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> </font> </b> </div> <div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b> <font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> </font> </b> </div> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt"> </div> <!-- XBRL Pagebreak End --> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Valuation Adjustments</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Valuation adjustments are integral to determining the fair value of derivatives and are used to adjust the mid-market valuations, produced by derivative pricing models, to the appropriate exit price valuation. These adjustments incorporate bid/offer spreads, the cost of liquidity on large or illiquid positions and credit valuation adjustments (CVA) which account for the credit risk inherent in derivative portfolios. Market-based inputs are generally used when calibrating valuation adjustments to <font style="white-space: nowrap">market-clearing</font> levels. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> In addition, for derivatives that include significant unobservable inputs, the firm makes model or exit price adjustments to account for the valuation uncertainty present in the transaction. </div> </div> </div> <!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note8_accounting_policy_table2 - gs:FairValueMeasurementsPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 1pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> These financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value are generally valued based on discounted cash flow techniques, which incorporate inputs with reasonable levels of price transparency, and are generally classified as level 2 because the inputs are observable. Valuation adjustments may be made for counterparty and the firm’s credit quality. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Significant inputs for each category of other financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value are as follows: </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Resale and Repurchase Agreements and Securities Borrowed and Loaned.  </b>The significant inputs to the valuation of resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowed and loaned are the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, interest rates and collateral funding spreads. See Note 9 for further information. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Other Secured Financings.  </b>The significant inputs to the valuation of other secured financings at fair value are the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, interest rates, the fair value of the collateral delivered by the firm (which is determined using the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, market yields and recovery assumptions), the frequency of additional collateral calls and the credit spreads of the firm. See Note 9 for further information. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Unsecured <font style="white-space: nowrap">Short-term</font> and <font style="white-space: nowrap">Long-term</font> Borrowings.  </b>The significant inputs to the valuation of unsecured <font style="white-space: nowrap">short-term</font> and <font style="white-space: nowrap">long-term</font> borrowings at fair value are the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, interest rates, the credit spreads of the firm, as well as commodity prices in the case of prepaid commodity transactions and, for certain hybrid financial instruments, equity prices, inflation rates and index levels. See Notes 15 and 16 for further information. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Receivables from Customers and Counterparties.  </b>The significant inputs to the valuation of certain receivables from customers and counterparties are commodity prices, interest rates and the amount and timing of expected future cash flows. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Insurance and Reinsurance Contracts.  </b>Insurance and reinsurance contracts at fair value are included in “Receivables from customers and counterparties” and “Other liabilities and accrued expenses.” These contracts are valued using market transactions and other market evidence where possible, including <font style="white-space: nowrap">market-based</font> inputs to models, calibration to <font style="white-space: nowrap">market-clearing</font> transactions or other alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Significant level 2 inputs typically include interest rates and inflation risk. Significant level 3 inputs typically include mortality or funding benefit assumptions. When unobservable inputs to a valuation model are significant to the fair value measurement of an instrument, the instrument is classified in level 3. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Deposits.  </b>The significant inputs to the valuation of deposits are interest rates. </div> </div>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note3_accounting_policy_table9 - gs:ShareBasedCompensationTextBlock--> <div align="center" style="font-size: 1pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div align="left" style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica"><font style="white-space: nowrap">Share-based</font> Compensation</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The cost of employee services received in exchange for a <font style="white-space: nowrap">share-based</font> award is generally measured based on the grant-date fair value of the award. <font style="white-space: nowrap">Share-based</font> awards that do not require future service (i.e., vested awards, including awards granted to retirement-eligible employees) are expensed immediately. <font style="white-space: nowrap">Share-based</font> employee awards that require future service are amortized over the relevant service period. Expected forfeitures are included in determining <font style="white-space: nowrap">share-based</font> employee compensation expense. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The firm pays cash dividend equivalents on outstanding restricted stock units (RSUs). Dividend equivalents paid on RSUs are generally charged to retained earnings. Dividend equivalents paid on RSUs expected to be forfeited are included in compensation expense. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The firm accounts for the tax benefit related to dividend equivalents paid on RSUs as an increase to additional <font style="white-space: nowrap">paid-in</font> capital. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> In certain cases, primarily related to the death of an employee or conflicted employment (as outlined in the applicable award agreements), the firm may cash settle <font style="white-space: nowrap">share-based</font> compensation awards. For awards accounted for as equity instruments, additional <font style="white-space: nowrap">paid-in</font> capital is adjusted to the extent of the difference between the current value of the award and the grant-date value of the award. </div> </div>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note13_accounting_policy_table1 - us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 1pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Goodwill</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Goodwill is the cost of acquired companies in excess of the fair value of identifiable net assets at acquisition date. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Goodwill is tested annually for impairment or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change that indicate an impairment may exist. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The goodwill impairment test consists of two steps. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left"> <tr> <td width="2%"></td> <td width="98%"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> The first step compares the fair value of each reporting unit with its estimated net book value (including goodwill and identified intangible assets). If the reporting unit’s fair value exceeds its estimated net book value, goodwill is not impaired. </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its estimated net book value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. An impairment loss is equal to the excess of the carrying amount of goodwill over its fair value. </td> </tr> </table> </div> <!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note13_accounting_policy_table2 - gs:GoodwillAccountingPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="center" style="font-size: 1pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div align="left" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Substantially all of the firm’s identifiable intangible assets are considered to have finite lives and are amortized over their estimated lives or, in the case of insurance contracts, in proportion to estimated gross profits or premium revenues. Amortization expense for identifiable intangible assets is included in “Depreciation and amortization.” </div> </div> <!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note13_accounting_policy_table3 - us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Identifiable intangible assets are tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset’s or asset group’s carrying value may not be recoverable. </div> </div>
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<ElementDefenition> Describes an entity's accounting policy for goodwill and intangible assets. This accounting policy also may address how an entity assesses and measures impairment of goodwill and intangible assets. </ElementDefenition>
<ElementReferences> Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) -Number 144 -Paragraph 7-18, 22 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) -Number 142 -Paragraph 4, 11-23, 26, 34 </ElementReferences>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note12_accounting_policy_table1 - us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Substantially all property and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the improvement or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Certain costs of software developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the software. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Property, leasehold improvements and equipment are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that an asset’s or asset group’s carrying value may not be fully recoverable. The firm’s policy for impairment testing of property, leasehold improvements and equipment is the same as is used for identifiable intangible assets with finite lives. See Note 13 for further information. </div> </div>
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<ElementDefenition> Describes an entity's accounting policy for property, plant and equipment which may include the basis of such assets, depreciation methods used and estimated useful lives, the entity's capitalization policy, including its accounting treatment for costs incurred for repairs and maintenance activities, whether such asset balances include capitalized interest and the method by which such is calculated, how disposals of such assets are accounted for and how impairment of such assets is assessed and recognized. </ElementDefenition>
<ElementReferences> Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Accounting Research Bulletin (ARB) -Number 43 -Chapter 9 -Section C -Paragraph 5 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) -Number 144 -Paragraph 7 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) -Number 22 -Paragraph 12, 13 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) -Number 34 -Paragraph 8, 9 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-X (SX) -Number 210 -Section 02 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph a -Article 5 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) -Number 12 -Paragraph 5 -Subparagraph d </ElementReferences>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note18_accounting_policy_table2 - gs:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOperatingLeasePolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Operating leases include office space held in excess of current requirements. Rent expense relating to space held for growth is included in “Occupancy.” The firm records a liability, based on the fair value of the remaining lease rentals reduced by any potential or existing sublease rentals, for leases where the firm has ceased using the space and management has concluded that the firm will not derive any future economic benefits. Costs to terminate a lease before the end of its term are recognized and measured at fair value on termination. </div> </div>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note7_accounting_policy_table2 - gs:HedgeAccountingPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="center" style="font-size: 1pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div align="left" style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Hedge Accounting</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The firm applies hedge accounting for (i) certain interest rate swaps used to manage the interest rate exposure of certain fixed-rate unsecured <font style="white-space: nowrap">long-term</font> and <font style="white-space: nowrap">short-term</font> borrowings and certain fixed-rate certificates of deposit and (ii) certain foreign currency forward contracts and foreign <font style="white-space: nowrap">currency-denominated</font> debt used to manage foreign currency exposures on the firm’s net investment in certain <font style="white-space: nowrap">non-U.S. operations.</font> </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> To qualify for hedge accounting, the derivative hedge must be highly effective at reducing the risk from the exposure being hedged. Additionally, the firm must formally document the hedging relationship at inception and test the hedging relationship at least on a quarterly basis to ensure the derivative hedge continues to be highly effective over the life of the hedging relationship. </div> <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Interest Rate Hedges</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The firm designates certain interest rate swaps as fair value hedges. These interest rate swaps hedge changes in fair value attributable to the relevant benchmark interest rate (e.g., London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)), effectively converting a substantial portion of fixed-rate obligations into floating-rate obligations. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The firm applies the <font style="white-space: nowrap">“long-haul</font> method” in assessing the effectiveness of its fair value hedging relationships in achieving offsetting changes in the fair values of the hedging instrument and the risk being hedged (i.e., interest rate risk). </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> During the three months ended March 2010, the firm changed its method of prospectively and retrospectively assessing the effectiveness of all of its fair value hedging relationships from a <font style="white-space: nowrap">dollar-offset</font> method, which is a <font style="white-space: nowrap">non-statistical</font> method, to regression analysis, which is a statistical method. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> An interest rate swap is considered highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value attributable to changes in the hedged risk when the regression analysis results in a coefficient of determination of 80% or greater and a slope between 80% and 125%. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The <font style="white-space: nowrap">dollar-offset</font> method compared the change in the fair value of the hedging instrument to the change in the fair value of the hedged item, excluding the effect of the passage of time. The prospective <font style="white-space: nowrap">dollar-offset</font> assessment used scenario analyses to test hedge effectiveness through simulations of numerous parallel and slope shifts of the relevant yield curve. Parallel shifts changed the interest rate of all maturities by identical amounts. Slope shifts changed the curvature of the yield curve. For both the prospective assessment, in response to each of the simulated yield curve shifts, and the retrospective assessment, a hedging relationship was considered effective if the fair value of the hedging instrument and the hedged item changed inversely within a range of 80% to 125%. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> For qualifying fair value hedges, gains or losses on derivatives are included in “Interest expense.” The change in fair value of the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged is reported as an adjustment to its carrying value and is subsequently amortized into interest expense over its remaining life. Gains or losses resulting from hedge ineffectiveness are included in “Interest expense.” See Note 23 for further information about interest income and interest expense. </div> </div> <!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note7_accounting_policy_table3 - gs:HedgeAccountingPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="center" style="font-size: 1pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div align="left" style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Net Investment Hedges</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The firm seeks to reduce the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on its net investment in certain <font style="white-space: nowrap">non-U.S. operations</font> through the use of foreign currency forward contracts and foreign <font style="white-space: nowrap">currency-denominated</font> debt. For foreign currency forward contracts designated as hedges, the effectiveness of the hedge is assessed based on the overall changes in the fair value of the forward contracts (i.e., based on changes in forward rates). For foreign <font style="white-space: nowrap">currency-denominated</font> debt designated as a hedge, the effectiveness of the hedge is assessed based on changes in spot rates. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> For qualifying net investment hedges, the gains or losses on the hedging instruments, to the extent effective, are included in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. </div> </div>
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<ElementDefenition> Describes an entity's accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements. </ElementDefenition>
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<ShortDefinition> A description of the cash and cash equivalents accounting policy, including the policy for determining which items are... </ShortDefinition>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note3_accounting_policy_table11 - gs:CashAndCashEquivalentPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Cash and Cash Equivalents</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The firm defines cash equivalents as highly liquid overnight deposits held in the ordinary course of business. As of March 2011 and December 2010, “Cash and cash equivalents” included $3.23 billion and $5.75 billion, respectively, of cash and due from banks and $39.45 billion and $34.04 billion, respectively, of interest-bearing deposits with banks. </div> </div>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note3_accounting_policy_table12 - gs:RecentAccountingDevelopmentsTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Recent Accounting Developments</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements.  </b>In January 2010, the FASB issued ASU <font style="white-space: nowrap">No. 2010-06,</font> “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820) — Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements.” ASU <font style="white-space: nowrap">No. 2010-06</font> provides amended disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements. Certain of these disclosure requirements became effective for the firm beginning in the first quarter of 2010, while others became effective for the firm beginning in the first quarter of 2011. Since these amended principles require only additional disclosures concerning fair value measurements, adoption did not affect the firm’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b>Reconsideration of Effective Control for Repurchase Agreements</b>. In April 2011, the FASB issued <font style="white-space: nowrap">ASU No. 2011-03,</font> “Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860) — Reconsideration of Effective Control for Repurchase Agreements.” ASU <font style="white-space: nowrap">No. 2011-03</font> changes the assessment of effective control by removing (i) the criterion that requires the transferor to have the ability to repurchase or redeem financial assets on substantially the agreed terms, even in the event of default by the transferee, and (ii) the collateral maintenance implementation guidance related to that criterion. ASU No. 2011-03 is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of <font style="white-space: nowrap">ASU No. 2011-03</font> will not affect the firm’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. </div> </div>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note3_accounting_policy_table6 - gs:TransfersOfAssetsPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="center" style="font-size: 1pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div align="left" style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Transfers of Assets</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Transfers of assets are accounted for as sales when the firm has relinquished control over the assets transferred. For transfers of assets accounted for as sales, any related gains or losses are recognized in net revenues. Assets or liabilities that arise from the firm’s continuing involvement with transferred assets are measured at fair value. For transfers of assets that are not accounted for as sales, the assets remain in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and the transfer is accounted for as a collateralized financing, with the related interest expense recognized over the life of the transaction. See Note 9 for further information about transfers of assets accounted for as collateralized financings and Note 10 for further information about transfers of assets accounted for as sales. </div> </div> <!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note10_accounting_policy_table1 - gs:TransfersOfAssetsPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The firm accounts for a securitization as a sale when it has relinquished control over the transferred assets. Prior to securitization, the firm accounts for assets pending transfer at fair value and therefore does not typically recognize gains or losses upon the transfer of assets. Net revenues from underwriting activities are recognized in connection with the sales of the underlying beneficial interests to investors. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> For transfers of assets that are not accounted for as sales, the assets remain in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and the transfer is accounted for as a collateralized financing, with the related interest expense recognized over the life of the transaction. See Notes 9 and 23 for further information about collateralized financings and interest expense, respectively. </div> </div>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note3_accounting_policy_table7 - gs:ReceivablesFromCustomersAndCounterpartiesPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Receivables from Customers and Counterparties</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Receivables from customers and counterparties generally consist of collateralized receivables, primarily customer margin loans, related to client transactions. Certain of the firm’s receivables from customers and counterparties are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option, with changes in fair value generally included in “Market making” revenues. See Note 8 for further information about the fair values of these receivables. Receivables from customers and counterparties not accounted for at fair value are accounted for at amortized cost net of estimated uncollectible amounts, which generally approximates fair value. Interest on receivables from customers and counterparties is recognized over the life of the transaction and included in “Interest income.” </div> </div>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note3_accounting_policy_table8 - gs:InsuranceActivitiesPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Insurance Activities</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Certain of the firm’s insurance and reinsurance contracts are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option, with changes in fair value included in “Market making” revenues. See Note 8 for further information about the fair values of these insurance and reinsurance contracts. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Revenues from variable annuity and life insurance and reinsurance contracts not accounted for at fair value generally consist of fees assessed on contract holder account balances for mortality charges, policy administration fees and surrender charges. These revenues are recognized in earnings over the period that services are provided and are included in “Market making” revenues. Interest credited to variable annuity and life insurance and reinsurance contract account balances and changes in reserves are recognized in “Other expenses.” </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Premiums earned for underwriting property catastrophe reinsurance are recognized in earnings over the coverage period, net of premiums ceded for the cost of reinsurance, and are included in “Market making” revenues. Expenses for liabilities related to property catastrophe reinsurance claims, including estimates of losses that have been incurred but not reported, are included in “Other expenses.” </div> </div>
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<ElementDefenition> Describes an entity's accounting policy for insurance and reinsurance contracts for which the fair value option has been elected. It also provides the revenue recognition policy for variable annuity and life insurance and reinsurance contracts not accounted for at fair value. In addition, it also provides the accounting policy for premiums earned for underwriting property catastrophe reinsurance. </ElementDefenition>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note9_accounting_policy_table1 - gs:CollateralizedAgreementsAndFinancingsPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Collateralized agreements and financings are presented on a <font style="white-space: nowrap">net-by-counterparty</font> basis when a legal right of setoff exists. Interest on collateralized agreements and collateralized financings is recognized over the life of the transaction and included in “Interest income” and “Interest expense,” respectively. See Note 23 for further information about interest income and interest expense. </div> </div> <!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note9_accounting_policy_table2 - gs:CollateralizedAgreementsAndFinancingsPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Even though repurchase and resale agreements involve the legal transfer of ownership of financial instruments, they are accounted for as financing arrangements because they require the financial instruments to be repurchased or resold at the maturity of the agreement. However, “repos to maturity” are accounted for as sales. A repo to maturity is a transaction in which the firm transfers a security that has very little, if any, default risk under an agreement to repurchase the security where the maturity date of the repurchase agreement matches the maturity date of the underlying security. Therefore, the firm effectively no longer has a repurchase obligation and has relinquished control over the underlying security and, accordingly, accounts for the transaction as a sale. The firm had no such transactions outstanding as of March 2011 or December 2010. </div> </div> <!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note9_accounting_policy_table3 - gs:CollateralizedAgreementsAndFinancingsPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Securities borrowed and loaned within Securities Services are recorded based on the amount of cash collateral advanced or received plus accrued interest. As these arrangements generally can be terminated on demand, they exhibit little, if any, sensitivity to changes in interest rates. </div> </div> <!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note9_accounting_policy_table4 - gs:CollateralizedAgreementsAndFinancingsPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <b><font style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica">Other Secured Financings</font></b> </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> In addition to repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions, the firm funds certain assets through the use of other secured financings and pledges financial instruments and other assets as collateral in these transactions. These other secured financings consist of: </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left"> <tr> <td width="2%"></td> <td width="98%"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> debt raised through the firm’s William Street credit extension program; </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> liabilities of consolidated VIEs; </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> transfers of assets accounted for as financings rather than sales (primarily collateralized central bank financings, pledged commodities, bank loans and mortgage whole loans); and </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> other structured financing arrangements. </td> </tr> </table> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> Other secured financings include arrangements that are nonrecourse. As of March 2011 and December 2010, nonrecourse other secured financings were $6.96 billion and $8.42 billion, respectively. </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The firm has elected to apply the fair value option to the following other secured financings because the use of fair value eliminates <font style="white-space: nowrap">non-economic</font> volatility in earnings that would arise from using different measurement attributes: </div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left"> <tr> <td width="2%"></td> <td width="98%"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> debt raised through the firm’s William Street credit extension program; </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> transfers of assets accounted for as financings rather than sales; and </td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> <td> •   </td> <td align="left" style="text-align:justify"> certain other nonrecourse financings. </td> </tr> </table> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> See Note 8 for further information about other secured financings that are accounted for at fair value. Other secured financings that are not recorded at fair value are recorded based on the amount of cash received plus accrued interest, which generally approximates fair value. </div> </div>
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<ShortDefinition> Describes an entity's accounting policy for commitments to extend credit. </ShortDefinition>
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<!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Accounting Policy: gs-20110331_note18_accounting_policy_table1 - gs:CommitmentsToExtendCreditPolicyTextBlock--> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica"> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt">  </div> <div align="left" style="text-align:justify; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent"> The firm generally accounts for commitments to extend credit at fair value. Losses, if any, are generally recorded, net of any fees in “Other principal transactions.” </div> </div>
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<ElementDefenition> Describes an entity's accounting policy for commitments to extend credit. </ElementDefenition>
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