Annual Report of a Foreign Private Issuer — Form 20-F Filing Table of Contents
Document/ExhibitDescriptionPagesSize 1: 20-F Annual Report of a Foreign Private Issuer -- HTML 3.67M form20-f
2: EX-1.1 By-Laws HTML 77K
3: EX-4.15 Termination of the Letter Agreement, Dated June HTML 30K
22, 2004
4: EX-4.16 Letter From Inbev to Ambev and Labatt HTML 37K
5: EX-4.17 Confirmation of Intellectual Property and Hedging HTML 32K
Arrangements
6: EX-4.18 Executed Letter Agreement Dated July 22, 2004 HTML 17K
7: EX-4.19 Labatt Services Agreement, Dated August 27, 2004 HTML 68K
8: EX-4.20 Interbrew Services Agreement, Dated August 27, HTML 86K
2004
9: EX-4.21 Transfer Agreement, Dated August 2004 HTML 45K
10: EX-4.22 License Agreement, Dated March 21, 2005 HTML 201K
11: EX-8.1 List of Material Subsidiaries of Companhia De HTML 20K
Bebidas Das Americas - Ambev
12: EX-11.2 Amendment to Code of Business Conduct HTML 86K
13: EX-12.1 Principal Executive Officers' Certification (302) HTML 23K
14: EX-12.2 Principal Financial Officer Certification (302) HTML 18K
15: EX-13.1 Principal Executive Officers' Certification (906) HTML 19K
16: EX-13.2 Principal Financial Officer Certification (906) HTML 14K
20-F — Annual Report of a Foreign Private Issuer — form20-f
(Exact
name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
American
Beverage Company-AmBev
(Translation
of Registrant’s name into English)
Federative
Republic of Brazil
(Jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)
_____________________________
Rua
Dr. Renato Paes de Barros, 1017, 4º andar
04530-001
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
(Address
of principal executive offices)
_____________________________
Securities
registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
Title
of each class
Name
of each exchange
on
which registered
American Depositary Shares,
evidenced by American Depositary
Receipts, each representing
100 Common Shares
New York Stock Exchange
Common Shares, no par value*
American Depositary Shares,
evidenced by American
Depositary
Receipts, each
representing
100 Preferred Shares
New York Stock
Exchange
Preferred Shares, no par value*
__________________
*
Not
for trading but only in connection with the registration of the American
Depositary Shares, pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
and
Exchange Commission.
Securities
for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the
Act:
10.5%
Notes due December 2011
8.75%
Notes due September 2013
The
number of total outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes
of
Quantitative
and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
141
Item
12.
Description
of Securities Other Than Equity Securities
142
Item
13.
Defaults,
Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
144
Item
14.
Material
Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of
Proceeds
144
Item
15.
Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
144
Item
16.
Reserved
144
Item
16A.
Audit
Committee Financial Expert
144
Item
16B.
Code
of Ethics
144
Item
16C.
Principal
Accountant Fees and Services
145
Item
16D.
Exemptions
from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
146
Item
16E.
Purchases
of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
146
Item
18.
Financial
Statements
146
Item
19.
Exhibits
147
SIGNATURES
152
INTRODUCTION
This
annual report on Form 20-F relates to the two classes of registered American
Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) of Companhia de Bebidas das Américas — AmBev
evidenced
by American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) representing 100 preferred shares of
AmBev and ADSs evidenced by ADRs representing 100 common shares, of AmBev,
the
U.S.$500,000,000 10½% notes due 2011 of AmBev (the “2011 notes”) and the
U.S.$500,000,000 8.75% notes due 2013 of AmBev (the “2013 notes”, and together
with the 2011 notes, the “notes”).
In
this
annual report, except as otherwise indicated or as the context otherwise
requires, the “Company”, “AmBev”, “we”, “us” and “our” refers to Companhia de
Bebidas das Américas - AmBev and its subsidiaries.
ACCOUNTING
PERIODS AND PRINCIPLES
We
have
prepared our audited annual consolidated financial statements as of
December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, and for the three years ended
December 31, 2004 in Brazilian Reais
in
accordance with accounting practices generally accepted in Brazil (“Brazilian
GAAP”), which are based on Brazilian Corporate Law (Law No. 6,404, as amended,
by Law No. 9,457/97 and Brazilian Law No. 10,303/01, which we refer to
collectively as “Brazilian Corporate Law”), the rules and regulations issued by
the Comissão
de Valores Mobiliários
(“CVM”),
or the Brazilian Securities Commission, and the accounting standards issued
by
the Instituto
dos Auditores Independentes do Brasil (“IBRACON”),
or the Brazilian Institute of Independent Accountants), as applied by us in
preparing our statutory financial statements and annual report and accounts,
which differ in certain significant respects from accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The audited financial
statements included in this annual report have been prepared in accordance
with
Brazilian GAAP and include a reconciliation of net income and shareholders’
equity to U.S. GAAP. In addition to the reconciliation of these key balances,
the financial statements also include a discussion of the reconciling
differences in accounting principles and the presentation of the U.S. GAAP
condensed balance sheets and statement of operations in Brazilian Reais.
The
financial information contained in this annual report is in accordance with
Brazilian GAAP, except as otherwise noted.
Percentages
and some amounts in this annual report have been rounded for ease of
presentation. Any discrepancies between totals and the sums of the amounts
listed are due to rounding.
CURRENCY
TRANSLATION
In
this
annual report, references to “real”,
“reais”
or “R$”
are to the legal currency of Brazil, references to “U.S. dollar” or
“U.S.$” are to the legal currency of the United States and references to
“Canadian dollar” or “C$” are to the legal currency of Canada. We have
translated some of the Brazilian currency amounts contained in this annual
report into U.S. dollars. We have also traslated some amounts from U.S. dollars
and Canadian dollars into Reais. All financial information relating to
us that is presented in U.S. dollars in this annual report has been translated
from reais
at the
period end exchange rate or average exchange rate prevailing during the period,
as published by the Central Bank of Brazil (“Central Bank”), unless the context
otherwise requires. The exchange rate on May 31, 2005 was R$2.4038 to
U.S.$1.00 as published by the Central Bank. The U.S. dollar equivalent
information presented in this annual report is provided solely for the
convenience of the readers of this annual report and should not be construed
as
implying that the Brazilian currency amounts represent, or could have been
or
could be converted into, U.S. dollars at such rates or at any rate. See “Key
Information—Exchange Rate Information—Exchange Controls” for more detailed
information regarding the translation of reais
into
U.S. dollars.
i
INDUSTRY
DATA
In
this
annual report, we refer to information regarding the beverage market and its
segments and competitors from:
This
annual report includes names of our products which constitute trademarks or
trade names which we own or which are owned by others and are licensed to us
for
our use. This annual report also contains other brand names, trade names,
trademarks or service marks of other companies, and these brand names, trade
names, trademarks or service marks are the property of those other companies.
CAUTIONARY
STATEMENT REGARDING
FORWARD-LOOKING
INFORMATION
We
make
forward-looking statements in this annual report that are subject to risks
and
uncertainties. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of
our
management, and on information currently available to us. Forward-looking
statements include statements regarding the intent, belief or current
expectations of AmBev or its directors or executive officers with respect to,
but not limited to:
·
the
declaration or payment of
dividends;
·
the
direction of future operations;
·
the
implementation of principal operating strategies, including existing,
potential acquisition or joint venture transactions or other investment
opportunities;
·
the
implementation of AmBev’s financing strategy and capital expenditure
plans;
·
the
utilization of AmBev’s subsidiaries’ income tax
losses;
·
the
factors or trends affecting AmBev’s financial condition, liquidity or
results of operations;
·
the
implementation of the measures required under AmBev’s performance
agreement entered into with the Conselho Administrativo de Defesa
Econômica (“CADE”); and
·
the
implementation of the measures required by Argentina’s Comision
Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia
(“CNDC”) under AmBev’s agreements with BAC and Quinsa.
ii
Forward-looking
statements also include information concerning possible or assumed future
results of operations of AmBev set forth under “Information on the Company—AmBev
Business Overview” and “Financial Information” as well as statements preceded
by, followed by, or that include, the words “believes”, “may”, “will”,
“continues”, “expects”, “anticipates”, “intends”, “plans”, “estimates” or
similar expressions.
Forward-looking
statements are not guarantees of performance. They involve risks, uncertainties
and assumptions because they relate to future events and therefore depend on
circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. The future results and
shareholder values of AmBev may differ materially from those expressed in or
suggested by these forward-looking statements. Many of the factors that will
determine these results and values are beyond our ability to control or predict.
Investors are cautioned not to put undue reliance on any forward-looking
statements.
Investors
should understand that the following important factors, in addition to those
discussed in this annual report, could affect the future results of AmBev and
could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in such
forward-looking statements:
·
general
economic conditions in the principal geographic markets of AmBev,
such as
the rates of economic growth, fluctuations in exchange rates or
inflation;
·
governmental
intervention, resulting in changes to the economic, tax or regulatory
environment in Brazil or other countries in which we
operate;
·
industry
conditions, such as the strength of product demand, the intensity
of
competition, pricing pressures, the introduction of new products
by AmBev,
the introduction of new products by competitors, changes in technology
or
in the ability of AmBev to obtain products and equipment from suppliers
without interruption and at reasonable prices, and the financial
conditions of the customers and distributors of AmBev;
and
·
operating
factors, such as the continued success of sales, manufacturing and
distribution activities of AmBev and the consequent achievement of
efficiencies.
iii
PART
I
Identity
of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Not
Applicable.
Offer
Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not
Applicable.
Key
Information
AMBEV’S
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The
following financial information of AmBev is only a summary and should be read
in
conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the audited
annual consolidated financial statements of AmBev and the related notes which
are included in this annual report.
Our
selected historical financial data prepared under Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP
set forth below as of and for each of the years ended December 31, 2004,
2003, 2002, 2001 and 2000 have been derived from AmBev’s consolidated financial
statements as of and for the periods then ended. Brazilian GAAP differs
significantly from U.S. GAAP and you should read the financial information
in
conjunction with our audited financial statements, as well as “Operating and
Financial Review and Prospects”.
On
October 4, 2002, Companhia Brasileira de Bebidas (“CBB”) completed an exchange
offer of the U.S.$500 million 10.5% notes due 2011, in the U.S. securities
markets. Also, in September 2003, CBB issued U.S.$500 million 8.75%
notes
due 2013 in a transaction exempt from registration under the U.S. Securities
Act
of 1933. On September 15, 2004, CBB completed an exchange offer of such notes
in
the U.S. securities markets. AmBev fully and unconditionally guaranteed these
two issuances, and following CBB’s merger into AmBev on May 31, 2005,
succeeded CBB in all its rights and obligations under the indenture governing
these notes.
Financial
information relating to CBB has not been included within the Selected Financial
Data, but full consolidating schedules disclosing the balance sheets, statements
of operations and statements of cash flow as of December 31, 2004 and
2003
and for each of the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, under
Brazilian GAAP, have been included in note 26
to
our audited financial statements, contained within this document.
On
August 27, 2004, AmBev completed the transactions
contemplated by an agreement (the “Incorporação
Agreement”)
with InBev S.A./N.V. (“InBev”), Labatt Brewing
Company Ltd. (“Labatt”) and Labatt
Brewing Canada Holding Ltd., then a wholly owned susidiary of InBev (“Mergeco”), which
indirectly held 100% of the capital stock of Labatt. Pursuant to the
Incorporação
Agreement, Mergeco was merged into AmBev by means of an Incorporação
under
Brazilian law. Mergeco held 99.9% of the capital stock of Labatt Holding
ApS (“Labatt ApS”),
a corporation organized under the laws of Denmark, and Labatt ApS owns all
the
capital stock of Labatt. Upon completion of the Incorporação,
AmBev
held 100% of the capital stock of Labatt ApS, and indirectly, of Labatt, which
constitutes our Canadian-based operations. The results of operations
for
Labatt were fully consolidated for the period from August 27, 2004 until
December 31, 2004 in our audited financial statements, and will be fully
consolidated for future periods.
Depreciation
and amortization of deferred charges(14)
922.2
766.3
659.5
613.9
589.2
Capital
expenditures(15)
1,273.7
862.2
544.7
446.8
295.0
Operating
cash flows - generated(16)
3,418.6
2,527.6
3,595.0
1,006.6
1,243.2
Investing
cash flows
- used(16)
(110.8
)
(2,014.7
)
(1,603.1
)
(1,687.4
)
(100.7
)
Financing
cash flows-generated
- used(16)
(3,433.9
)
(346.7
)
(2,912.2
)
1,418.0
(2,065.7
)
Other
Operating Data:
Total
production capacity - beer(17)
114.2
million hl
88.3
million hl
89.7
million hl
89.8
million hl
94.4
million hl
Total
production capacity - CSD & NANC(17)
43.9
million hl
45.7
million hl
37.3
million hl
38.8
million hl
36.6
million hl
Total
beer volume sold(18)
63.9
million hl
56.9
million hl
62.0
million hl
62.4
million hl
64.8
million hl
Total
CSD & NANC volume sold(18)
22.8
million hl
19.2
million hl
19.6 million
hl
18.5
million hl
17.2
million hl
Number
of employees(19)
25,974
18,890
18,570
18,136
18,172
5
Footnotes
to selected financial information
(1) General
and administrative expenses include director’s fees.
(2)
Operating income under Brazilian GAAP is presented after financial
income
and financial expense.
(3)
The information is provided per thousand shares because AmBev common
and
preferred shares are generally traded on the São Paulo Stock Exchange in
blocks of one thousand shares.
(4) ADS
represents American Depositary Shares. Each ADS represents 100 shares.
(5)
Includes dividends, interest attributable to shareholders’ equity
(including withholding tax paid by AmBev in respect thereof), and
in 2000,
returns of capital of R$111.8 million. Certain distributions in 2000
were
made in the form of a return of capital rather than in the form of
dividends or interest attributable to shareholders’ equity because, prior
to the completion of the Brahma conversion, AmBev did not have sufficient
retained earnings to pay these amounts as dividends or interest
attributable to shareholders’ equity. The dividend and interest
attributable to shareholders equity per 1,000 shares for Brazilian
GAAP
purposes is calculated net of withholding tax and therefore represents
the
amounts received as disclosed in “Dividends”. We changed the criteria for
reporting this amount in 2002 and therefore the dividends per share
disclosed in the years prior to 2002 do not conform to those disclosed
in
our 2001 annual report on Form 20-F.
(6)
Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP differ on the recognition of declared
/
proposed dividends, specifically with regard to when the dividend
should
be recognized. The executive officers are required to propose a dividend
at year end, which is subject to ratification by the shareholders
at a
general meeting and must be recognized under Brazilian GAAP. However,
under U.S. GAAP, the proposed dividends may be modified or ratified
by the
shareholders at a general meeting and are treated as a deduction
from
shareholders’ equity.
(7)
In the U.S. GAAP selected financial data only, earnings per share
are
calculated dividing the net income by the weighted average number
of
common and preferred shares outstanding during the relevant periods.
In
the Brazilian GAAP selected financial information section, earnings
per
share are calculated by dividing by the number of shares outstanding
at
the year end. AmBev’s preferred shares are entitled to dividends 10%
greater than the dividends paid to common shares.
(8) Under
U.S. GAAP we have included the net assets of the FAHZ, one
of our
major shareholders, on our balance sheet as of December 31,2004,
2003, 2002, 2001 and 2000. As a result, AmBev shares owned by the
FAHZ are
treated as treasury shares, rather than outstanding shares, thereby
reducing the number of our weighted average outstanding shares and
increasing our earnings or loss per share. For further information,
please
refer to our consolidated financial statements contained within this
annual report.
(9)
Includes current portion of long-term debt.
(10)
Excludes current portion of long-term debt.
(11) In
the financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31,2004,
total tax incentives are R$711.9 million, of which 381.6 million
relate to deferred sales tax, and R$381.6 million to ICMS financing
incentives.
(12)
Consistent with accounting practice under Brazilian GAAP, we had
not
recognized our actuarial obligation for pension liabilities and
post-retirement benefits, including medical benefits to retirees
in our
financial statements prior to December 31, 2001. Pension amounts
due
to the pension plan were treated on an accrual basis as the obligations
fell due. However, following the issuance of accounting standard
NPC No.
26, we are required to record these actuarial obligations beginning
in
2002. We had the option to account for these actuarial obligations
at
December 31, 2001 either against retained earnings or prospectively
as a charge against earnings over five years. We elected to recognize
the
liability against retained earnings on December 31, 2001.
The
standard requires comprehensive recording of pension expenses and
obligations on an actuarial basis instead of, as was previously required,
based on the required contributions for the relevant year.
(13)
Represents total current assets less total current liabilities.
(14)
Includes depreciation of property, plant and equipment and amortization
of
deferred charges.
(15)
Represents cash expenditures for property, plant and equipment.
(16) Operating,
Investing and Financing cash flows data is derived from our consolidated
financial statements.
(17)
Represents available production capacity of AmBev and its respective
subsidiaries, domestic and international; Quinsa’s production capacity is
not considered; (hl is the abbreviation for hectoliters; CSD & NANC is
the abbreviation for Carbonated Soft Drinks and Non Alcoholic and
Non
Carbonated Soft Drinks).
(18)
Represents full-year volumes of AmBev and its respective subsidiaries
(except Quinsa and its subsidiaries). Labatt's volumes for
2004 were
consolidated from August 27 through December 31.
(19)
Includes all production- and non-production-related employees of
AmBev and
its respective subsidiaries, excluding Quinsa and its
subsidiaries.
(20) In the U.S. GAAP selected
financial data only, earnings per share have been restated to give
retroactive effect to the share dividend distributed by AmBev
on May31, 2005.
6
DIVIDENDS
Dividend
Policy
AmBev
intends to pay dividends twice a year to its shareholders; however, the timing
and amount of future dividend payments, if any, will depend upon various factors
the Board of Directors of AmBev considers relevant, including the earnings
and
the financial condition of AmBev. AmBev’s bylaws provide for a mandatory
dividend of 35% of its annual net income, if any, as determined and adjusted
under Brazilian GAAP (“adjusted income”). The mandatory dividend includes
amounts paid as interest attributable to shareholders’ equity, which is
equivalent to a dividend but is a more tax efficient way to distribute earnings
because they are generally deductible by the company for Brazilian income tax
purposes. However, shareholders (including holders of ADSs) have to pay
Brazilian withholding tax on the amounts received as interest attributable
to
shareholders’ equity, whereas no such payment is required in connection with
dividends received. Although AmBev may distribute earnings in the form of
interest, the amount received by shareholders is the same as or higher than
if the distribution were made in the form of dividends. Withholding tax is
usually paid by Brazilian companies, including AmBev, on behalf of their
shareholders.
Adjusted
income may be capitalized, used to absorb losses or otherwise appropriated
as
allowed under Brazilian Corporate Law; therefore, any adjusted income may no
longer be available to be paid as dividends. AmBev may also not pay dividends
to
its shareholders in any particular fiscal year, upon the determination by the
Board of Directors that such distributions would be inadvisable in view of
AmBev’s financial condition. Any such dividends not distributed would be
allocated to a special reserve account for future payment to shareholders,
unless it is used to offset subsequent losses. For further information on this
matter see “—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to our Securities—AmBev shareholders
may not receive any dividends”. Any dividends payable on AmBev’s preferred
shares must be 10% greater than those payable on AmBev’s common shares. See
“Additional Information—Memorandum and Articles of Association—Dividends and
Reserves—Dividend Preference of Preferred Shares”.
For
further information on Brazilian Corporate Law provisions relating to required
reserves and payment of dividends or interest attributable to shareholders’
equity, as well as specific rules applicable to the payment of dividends by
AmBev, see “Additional Information—Memorandum and Articles of
Association—Dividends and Reserves”.
AmBev
- Dividends and Interest Attributable to Shareholders’
Equity
The
following table shows the cash dividends paid by AmBev’s predecessor Brahma, to
its preferred and common shareholders from 1999 through September 15,2000,
and by AmBev to its preferred and common shareholders since September 15, 2000
in Reais
and in
U.S. dollars translated from Brazilian Reais
at the
commercial exchange rate as of the date of payment. The amounts include interest
attributable to shareholders’ equity, net of withholding tax, and return of
capital. See “Additional Information—Memorandum and Articles of
Association—Dividends and Reserves—Interest Attributable to Shareholders’
Equity”. In addition, on May 31, 2005, AmBev distributed a share dividend
to each shareholder of AmBev at a rate of one AmBev common share for every
five preferred and/or common shares held by such shareholder
at that
date. See “Information on the Company—History and Development of the
Company”.
(1) The
information is provided per thousand shares because AmBev common
and
preferred shares are generally traded on the São Paulo Stock Exchange in
blocks of one thousand.
(2) The
amounts set forth above are amounts actually received (as adjusted
to give
effect retroactively to AmBev’s common and preferred share five-for-one
stock split effective October 23, 2000) by shareholders,
which
are net of withholding tax. The amounts set forth here represent
pro-forma
U.S. GAAP calculations for the impact of a stock split which is not
required under Brazilian GAAP. The financial statements present the
amounts actually disbursed, including the withholding tax on interest
on
shareholders’ equity, which was paid on behalf of AmBev’s shareholders.
The dividends per thousand shares set forth above are calculated
based on
the number of shares outstanding at the date the distributions were
declared (as adjusted to give effect retroactively to AmBev’s common and
preferred share five-for-one stock split effective
October 23, 2000).
(3) On
March 23, 2000 and on November 30, 2000 AmBev
distributed
R$1.88 (U.S. $1.09) per common and preferred shares and R$2.38 (U.S.
$1.22) per common and preferred shares, respectively, to its shareholders
as a return of capital.
(4) Translated
to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the date
declared.
8
EXCHANGE
RATE INFORMATION
There
were previously two foreign exchange markets in Brazil. With the enactment
of
National Monetary Council Resolution No. 3,265 of March 14, 2005, the
foreign exchange markets were consolidated to form one exchange market. All
transactions involving foreign currency in the Brazilian market, whether carried
out by investors resident or domiciled in Brazil or investors resident or
domiciled abroad, must now be conducted on this exchange market, through
institutions authorized by the Central Bank, subject to the rules of the Central
Bank.
The
following tables set forth commercial market rates for the purchase of U.S.
dollars for the periods indicated. Foreign exchange transactions were carried
out on either the commercial rate exchange market or the floating rate exchange
market. Rates in the two markets were generally the same. The table uses the
commercial selling rate prior to March 14, 2005.
Annual
Exchange Rates of Reais
per U.S.$1.00
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Low
R$2.6544
R$2.8219
R$2.2709
R$1.9357
R$1.7234
High
3.2051
3.6623
3.9552
2.8007
1.9847
Average(1)
2.9257
3.0600
2.9983
2.3532
1.8348
Period
End
2.6544
2.8892
3.5333
2.3204
1.9554
_______________
Source:
Central
Bank
(1) Represents
the average of the month-end exchange rates during the relevant
period.
Monthly
Exchange Rates of Reais
per U.S.$1.00
2005
2004
May
April
March
February
January
December
Low
R$2.3784
R$2.5195
R$2.6011
R$2.5621
R$2.6248
R$2.6544
High
2.5146
2.6598
2.7621
2.6320
2.7222
2.7867
_______________
Source:
Central
Bank
We
will
pay any cash dividends and make any other cash distributions in reais.
Accordingly,
exchange rate fluctuations may affect the U.S. dollar amounts received by the
holders of ADSs on conversion by the depositary of such distributions into
U.S.
dollars for payment to holders of ADSs. Fluctuations in the exchange rate
between the real
and the
U.S. dollar may also affect the U.S. dollar equivalent of real
price of
our shares on the São Paulo Stock Exchange. For further information on this
matter see “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Securities”.
EXCHANGE
CONTROLS
There
are
no restrictions on ownership of the ADSs or the preferred or common shares
by
individuals or legal entities domiciled outside of Brazil.
The
right
to convert dividend payments, interest attributable to shareholders’ equity
payments and proceeds from the sale of preferred or common shares into foreign
currency and to remit such amounts outside Brazil is subject to exchange control
restrictions and foreign investment legislation which generally requires, among
other things, that relevant investments be registered with the Central Bank.
Restrictions on the remittance of foreign capital abroad could hinder or prevent
Banco Itaú S.A. (the “custodian”) or holders who have exchanged AmBev’s ADSs for
shares of AmBev, from converting dividend distributions, interest on
shareholders’ equity or the proceeds from any sale of shares of AmBev into U.S.
dollars and remitting such U.S. dollars abroad. Holders of AmBev ADSs could
be
adversely affected by delays in or refusal to grant any required governmental
approval for conversions of real
payments
and remittances abroad.
Under
Brazilian law relating to foreign investment in the Brazilian capital markets
(“Foreign Investment Regulations”), foreign investors registered with the CVM
and acting through authorized custody accounts managed
9
by
local
agents may buy and sell shares on Brazilian stock exchanges without obtaining
separate certificates of registration for each transaction. Foreign investors
may register their investment under Law 4,131/62 or Resolution No. 2,689/00
of
the National Monetary Council (“Resolution No. 2,689”).
Under
Resolution No. 2,689, foreign investors may invest in almost all financial
assets and engage in almost all transactions available in the Brazilian
financial and capital markets, provided that certain requirements are fulfilled.
In accordance with Resolution No. 2,689, the definition of a foreign investor
includes individuals, legal entities, mutual funds and other collective
investment entities, domiciled or headquartered abroad.
Securities
and other financial assets held by a Resolution No. 2,689 investor must be
registered or maintained in deposit accounts or under the custody of an entity
duly licensed by the Central Bank or the CVM. In addition, any transfer of
securities held under Resolution No. 2,689 must be carried out in the stock
exchanges or through organized over-the-counter markets licensed by the CVM,
except for specific types of transfers.
Under
current legislation, the Brazilian government may impose temporary restrictions
on remittances of foreign capital abroad in the event of a serious imbalance
or
an anticipated serious imbalance of Brazil’s balance of payments. For
approximately six months in 1989 and early 1990, the Brazilian government froze
all dividend and capital repatriations held by the Central Bank that were owed
to foreign equity investors in order to conserve Brazil’s foreign currency
reserves. These amounts were subsequently released in accordance with Brazilian
government directives. We cannot assure you that the Brazilian government will
not impose similar restrictions on foreign repatriations in the future. See
“Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Brazil and Other Countries in Which We Operate”
and “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Securities Controls and restrictions on
foreign currency remittance could harm the ability of AmBev to transfer dividend
payments off-shore”. The Brazilian government has exercised, and continues
to exercise, significant influence over the Brazilian economy. Brazilian
economic and political conditions have a direct impact on our
business.
Pursuant
to the registration obtained by AmBev with the Central Bank in the name of
the
Bank of New York with respect to the AmBev ADSs to be maintained by
the
custodian, Banco Itaú S.A., on behalf of the Bank of New York, the
custodian and The Bank of New York will be able to convert dividends
and
other distributions with respect to the AmBev shares represented by AmBev ADSs
into foreign currency and remit the proceeds outside of Brazil. In the event
that a holder of AmBev ADSs exchanges such ADSs for AmBev shares such holder
will be entitled to continue to rely on The Bank of New York’s registration
for only five business days after such exchange, after which such holder must
obtain its own registration. Any such holder may not be able to obtain and
remit
abroad U.S. dollars or other hard currencies upon the disposition of the shares
or distributions with respect to such disposition, unless such holder qualifies
under the Foreign Investment Regulations or obtains its own registration, and
such holder generally will be subject to less favorable Brazilian tax treatment
than a holder of AmBev ADSs. For further information on this matter see
“Additional Information—Taxation—Brazilian Tax Considerations”.
10
Risk
Factors
Before
making an investment decision, you should consider all of the information set
forth in this annual report. In particular, you should consider the special
features applicable to an investment in Brazil and applicable to an investment
in AmBev, including those set forth below. In general, investing in the
securities of issuers in emerging market countries, such as Brazil, involves
a
higher degree of risk than investing in the securities of issuers in the United
States.
For
purposes of this section, when we state that a risk, uncertainty or problem
may,
could or would have an “adverse effect” on us, we mean that the risk,
uncertainty or problem may, could or would have an adverse effect on our
business, financial condition, liquidity, results of our operations or
prospects, except as otherwise indicated or as the context may otherwise
require. You should view similar expressions in this section as having a similar
meaning.
RISKS
RELATING TO BRAZIL AND OTHER COUNTRIES IN WHICH WE OPERATE
Economic
uncertainty and volatility in Brazil may adversely affect our
business
Our
most
significant market is Brazil, which has periodically experienced extremely
high
rates of inflation. Inflation, along with governmental measures to combat
inflation and public speculation about possible future measures, has had
significant negative effects on the Brazilian economy. The annual rates of
inflation, as measured by the National Consumer Price Index (Índice
Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor),
have
reached in the not-so-distant past a hyper-inflationary peak of 2,489.1% in
1993. Brazilian inflation, as measured by the same index, was 14.7% in 2002,
10.4% in 2003, and 6.1% in 2004.
Brazil
may experience high levels of inflation in the future. There can be no assurance
that recent lower levels of inflation will continue. Future governmental
actions, including actions to adjust the value of the real,
may
trigger increases in inflation. We cannot assure you that inflation will not
affect our business in the future. In addition, the Brazilian government’s
actions to maintain economic stability, as well as public speculation about
possible future actions, may contribute significantly to economic uncertainty
in
Brazil and may heighten volatility in the Brazilian securities markets
and
securities issued abroad by Brazilian issuers.
The
Brazilian currency has devalued constantly during the last four decades.
Throughout this period, the Brazilian government has implemented various
economic plans and utilized a number of exchange rate policies, including sudden
devaluations and periodic mini-devaluations, during which the frequency of
adjustments has ranged from daily to monthly, floating exchange rate systems,
exchange controls and dual exchange rate markets. There have been significant
fluctuations in the exchange rates between Brazilian currency and the U.S.
dollar and other currencies. For example, the U.S.
dollar / real
exchange
rate depreciated from R$2.3204 per U.S.$1.00 at December 31, 2001 to
R$3.5333 at December 31, 2002. The exchange rate reached R$3.9552 per
U.S.$1.00 in October 2002. However, the stability established by the
economic policy initiated by the government has restored some confidence
in
the market. This resulted in an appreciation of the real
in
2003
of 22.3%, resulting in an exchange rate of R$2.8892 per U.S.$1.00 as of
December 31, 2003, and a further 8.8% appreciation in 2004, resulting
in an
exchange rate of R$2.6544 per U.S.$1.00 as of December 31, 2004.
Devaluation
of the real
relative
to the U.S. dollar would create additional inflationary pressures in Brazil
by
generally increasing the price of imported products and requiring recessionary
governmental policies to curb aggregate demand. On the other hand, appreciation
of the real
against
the U.S. dollar may lead to a deterioration of the current account and the
balance of payments, as well as dampen export-driven growth. The potential
impact of the floating exchange rate and measures of the Brazilian government
aimed at stabilizing the real
is
uncertain. In addition, a substantial increase in inflation may weaken investor
confidence in Brazil, impacting our ability to finance our operations through
the international capital markets.
Devaluation
of
the real
relative
the U.S. dollar may adversely affect our financial
performance
Most
of
our sales are in reais;
however, a significant portion of our debt is denominated in or indexed to
U.S.
dollars. In addition, a significant portion of our operating expenses, in
particular those related to packaging such as aluminum and iron cans and PET
bottles, as well as hops and malt are also denominated in or linked to U.S.
dollars. Therefore, the devaluation of the real
increases our financial expenses and operating costs and could
affect
11
our
ability to meet our foreign currency obligations. Although in the last two
years
the real
has
appreciated against the U.S. dollar, we cannot assure you that it will continue
to do so in the future. Our current policy is to hedge substantially all of
our
U.S. dollar-denominated debt against adverse changes in foreign exchange rates;
however, we cannot assure you that such hedging will be possible at all times
in
the future.
Increases
in taxes levied on beverage products in Brazil and high levels of tax evasion
may adversely affect our results and profitability
Increases
in Brazil’s already high levels of taxation could adversely affect our
profitability. Increases in taxes on beverage products usually result in higher
beverage prices for consumers. Higher beverage prices generally result in lower
levels of consumption and, therefore, lower net sales. Lower net sales result
in
lower margins because some of our costs are fixed and thus do not vary
significantly based on the level of production. We cannot assure you that the
government will not increase current tax levels, at both state and/or federal
levels, and that this will not impact our business.
In
addition, the Brazilian beverage industry experiences high levels of tax
evasion, which is primarily due to the high level of taxes on beverage products
in Brazil. An increase in taxes may lead to an increase in tax evasion, which
could result in unfair pricing practices in the industry. We have proposed
to
the federal government regulation requiring the mandatory installation of flow
meters in all Brazilian beer and soft drinks factories in order to help the
federal and state governments fight tax evasion in the beverage industry. The
federal government issued this regulation in 2004 with respect to the beer
industry only and is expected to enact similar regulations with respect to
the
carbonated soft-drinks industry by the end of 2005. We cannot assure you that
such regulation will be enacted and have the impact we expect. Moreover, if
such
regulation is not enacted we cannot assure you that our business and results
of
operations will not be further impacted.
Quinsa
is subject to substantial risks relating to its business and operations in
Argentina and other countries in which it operates
On
January 31, 2003, we acquired a significant interest in Quinsa. Quinsa is a
brewing company with a substantial portion of its operations in Argentina and
other South American countries. As a result, Quinsa’s financial conditions
and results of operations may be adversely affected by Argentine and other
countries in which it operates’ political instability, fluctuations in the
economy and governmental actions concerning the economy. For example, Argentina
has recently experienced political and economic instability. Commercial and
financial activities were virtually paralyzed in 2002, further aggravating
the
economic recession that precipitated the above-mentioned crisis. A widespread
recession followed in 2002, including a 10.9% decrease in real GDP, high
unemployment and high inflation, which have led to a reduction of disposable
income and of wages in real terms and resulted in changes in consumer behavior
across all class sectors of the Argentine population. Argentina began to
stabilize in 2003 and continued to exhibit signs of stability in 2004, with
real
GDP growth at 9.0% for the year, stable inflation and peso nominal exchange
rate
during 2004, with variations of 6.1% and 1.7%, respectively. There was also
improvement in the employment situation. The unemployment rate reached 12.1%
during the fourth quarter of 2004, a decrease of 26% from the levels it had
reached during the 2002 to 2003 period.
Notwithstanding
the current continued stabilization, the Argentine economic and social situation
have quickly deteriorated in the past, and may quickly deteriorate in the
future, and we cannot assure you that the Argentine economy will continue its
sustained growth. The devaluation of the Argentine peso and the macroeconomic
conditions prevailing in Argentina could have, and may continue to have, a
material adverse effect on Quinsa’s, and indirectly on our, results of
operations.
U.S.
investors may not be able to effect service of process upon, or to enforce
judgments against us
We
are
organized under the laws of the Federative Republic of Brazil. Substantially
all
of our directors and executive officers and the experts named in this annual
report are residents of countries other than the United States. All or a
substantial portion of the assets of such non-U.S. residents and of AmBev are
located outside the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for
investors to effect service of process within the United States upon such
persons or AmBev, or to enforce against them in U.S. courts judgments obtained
in such courts based upon civil liability provisions of the Federal securities
laws of the United States or otherwise.
12
Brazilian
government has exercised, and continues to exercise, significant influence
over
the Brazilian economy; Brazilian economic and political conditions have a direct
impact on our business
The
Brazilian economy has been characterized by significant involvement on the
part
of the Brazilian government, which often changes monetary, credit and other
policies to influence Brazil’s economy. The Brazilian government’s actions to
control inflation and affect other policies have often involved wage and price
controls, the Central Bank’s base interest rates, as well as other measures,
such as the freezing of bank accounts, which occurred in 1990.
Actions
taken by the Brazilian government concerning the economy may have important
effects on Brazilian corporations and other entities, including AmBev, and
on
market conditions and prices of Brazilian securities. Our financial condition
and results of operations may be adversely affected by the following factors
and
the Brazilian government’s response to the following factors:
·
devaluations
and other exchange rate movements;
·
inflation;
·
exchange
control policies;
·
social
instability;
·
price
instability;
·
energy
shortages;
·
interest
rates;
·
liquidity
of domestic capital and lending
markets;
·
tax
policy; and
·
other
political, diplomatic, social and economic developments in or affecting
Brazil.
Changes
in Brazilian Labor Laws may affect us
Brazilian
companies are subject not only to the Federal Constitution and ordinary
legislation concerning labor relations (mainly the Consolidação
das Leis do Trabalho,
or
“CLT”), but also to collective bargaining agreements between employers’
associations and employees unions or between individual employers’ and employee
unions, in addition to administrative orders and instructions issued by the
Brazilian Labor Department.
In
April
2003, the Lower House reopened the discussions regarding amendments to the
CLT.
As part of these discussions, a number of amendments have been proposed,
including modifications to the role of labor unions in Brazil. These amendments
already in discussion or any future proposed amendment, may, if implemented,
increase the powers of centrais
sindicais (reunions
of labor unions) to represent categories of our employees, thereby increasing
their negotiating leverage. This, in turn, could significantly affect our
business in the future.
RISKS
RELATING TO AMBEV
We
are subject to Brazilian and other antitrust regulations
We
have a
substantial beer market share in Brazil and thus are subject to regulation
under
Brazilian antitrust rules. In addition, in connection with the combination
of
Brahma and Antarctica, we entered into a performance agreement with the
Brazilian antitrust authorities, pursuant to which we are subject to certain
continuing restrictions over our distribution network. For further information
on this matter see “Financial Information—Consolidated Financial Statements and
Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Antitrust matters”. We are also
party to other antitrust legal proceedings. For further information on this
matter see “Financial
13
Information—Consolidated
Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Antitrust
matters”. We cannot assure you that Brazilian antitrust regulation will not
affect our business in the future.
AmBev’s
participation in the Argentine beer market increased substantially after the
acquisition of our interest in Quinsa. Quinsa is subject to regulation under
Argentinean antitrust rules. In addition, AmBev and Quinsa must comply with
the
conditions established by the CNDC, in connection with the acquisition of our
interest in Quinsa. For further information on this matter see “Information on
the Company—AmBev Business Overview—Acquisition of interest in Quinsa”. We
cannot assure you that Argentinean antitrust regulation will not affect Quinsa’s
business in the future, and therefore, impact the benefits that AmBev
anticipates will be generated from this investment.
We
are subject to regulation on alcoholic beverages in the countries in which
we
operate
Our
business is regulated by federal, state, provincial and local laws and
regulations regarding such matters as licensing requirements and marketing
practices and related matters. Recently, certain Brazilian states and
municipalities in which we operate have enacted legislation restricting the
hours of operations of certain points of sale, imposing seals on beverage cans,
prohibiting the sale of alcoholic beverages on highway points of sale and
prohibiting the sale of soft drinks in schools. In addition, the Brazilian
Congress is evaluating proposed regulation on the consumption, sales and
marketing of alcoholic beverages, including beer which, if enacted, may impose
restrictions on the advertisement of alcoholic beverage products on television
during specified times of the day and the hours of operation of certain points
of sale, among other things.
These
restrictions may adversely impact our results of operations. For further
information, please refer to “Information on the Company—AmBev Business
Overview—Regulation—General.”
We
are
subject to more extensive regulations in Canada than in the other countries
in
which we operate
Our
North
America operations are subject to more extensive regulations than our other
operations, which
may
cause us to face unexpected challenges. We
cannot
assure you that problems encountered while dealing with these future changes
in
the regulatory environment
will not
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results
of operation in
North
America.
There
may be unforeseen costs and difficulties associated with the integration of
Labatt
While
we
have identified certain potential synergies and cost savings that we believe
may
be realizable following the completion of the integration of Labatt, there
can
be no assurance that such potential synergies and cost savings will be realized
in the near future, if at all. Labatt
operates in a market and geographic region that has different characteristics
from the markets and regions in which we have historically operated, and as
a
result, we may encounter unexpected challenges and problems in the management
and operation of the Labatt business. Accordingly, there
can be
no assurance that substantial expenses and
delays will
not
be incurred in the course of the integration. The process of coordinating and
integrating the acquisition could interrupt or interfere with the ordinary
operations of the businesses. Any
major
difficulties encountered in the integration of the businesses could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operation.
RISKS
RELATING TO OUR SECURITIES
The
relative volatility and illiquidity of securities of Brazilian companies may
substantially limit your ability to sell our securities at the price and time
you desire
Investing
in securities of companies in emerging markets, such as Brazil, involves greater
risk than investing in securities of companies from more developed countries
and
such investments are generally considered speculative in nature.
Brazilian
investments, such as investments in our securities, are subject to economic
and
political risks, involving, among others:
·
changes
in the regulatory, tax, economic and political environment that may
affect
the ability of investors to receive payment, in whole or in part,
in
respect of their investments; and
·
restrictions
on foreign investment and on repatriation of capital
invested.
The
Brazilian securities markets are substantially smaller, less liquid, more
concentrated and more volatile than major U.S. and European securities markets,
and are not as highly regulated or supervised as these markets. The relatively
small market capitalization and illiquidity of the Brazilian securities markets
may substantially limit your ability to sell the securities at the price and
time you desire.
14
Deterioration
in economic and market conditions in other emerging market countries may
adversely affect the market price of AmBev’s securities
Economic
and market conditions in other emerging market countries, especially those
in
Latin America, influence the market for securities issued by Brazilian companies
and investors’ perception of economic conditions in Brazil. Past economic crisis
in emerging markets, such as in Southeast Asia, Russia and Argentina, triggered
securities market volatility in Brazil and other emerging market countries’
securities markets. Recently, Argentina, Venezuela, Uruguay and Paraguay have
experienced a significant economic downturn. The market value of our securities
may therefore be adversely affected by events occurring outside of Brazil,
especially in other emerging market countries.
Our
controlling shareholders are able to determine the outcome of many corporate
actions without the approval of non-controlling
shareholders
The
controlling shareholders of AmBev, InBev Holding Brasil S.A., formerly Braco
Investimentos S.A. (“InBev Brasil”), and Fundação
Antonio e Helena
Zerrenner Instituição Nacional
de
Beneficência
(“FAHZ”), together
hold approximately 86.5% of AmBev’s common shares. In addition, BRC, which is
controlled by Messrs. Lemann, Sicupira and Telles, is a party to the InBev
Shareholders’ Agreement with respect to 321,712,000 ordinary shares of InBev,
which represent approximately 52.9% of the outstanding capital stock of
InBev.
InBev
holds, directly or indirectly, including through its indirect ownership
interests in InBev Brasil, shares of AmBev common stock that represent
approximately 72.97% of the total voting power of AmBev’s capital stock. InBev
thus has significant influence over AmBev, even though (i) InBev
Brasil remains subject to the AmBev shareholders’ agreement with FAHZ and
(ii) InBev is jointly controlled by its current controlling shareholders
and Messrs. Lemann, Sicupira and Telles. For further information on these
matters see “Background on the Company—InBev—AmBev Transactions” and “Major
Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders—AmBev
Shareholders’ Agreement”.
The
controlling shareholders are able to elect the majority of the members of the
Board of Directors of AmBev and generally determine the outcome of other actions
requiring the approval of AmBev’s shareholders. Under Brazilian Corporate Law,
the protections afforded to non-controlling security holders and the fiduciary
duties of directors may, in some respects, be less comprehensive than in the
United States or other jurisdictions.
AmBev
shareholders may not receive any dividends
According
to its current bylaws, AmBev must generally pay its shareholders 35.0% of its
annual net income, as determined and adjusted under Brazilian GAAP (“adjusted
income”). The main sources for these dividends are AmBev’s operations and
AmBev’s operating subsidiaries. Adjusted income may be capitalized, used to
absorb losses or otherwise appropriated as allowed under Brazilian GAAP;
therefore, adjusted income may not be available to be paid as dividends in
a
certain year. AmBev might not pay dividends to its shareholders in any
particular fiscal year, upon the determination of the Board of Directors that
such distributions would be inadvisable in view of AmBev’s financial condition.
While the law does not establish the circumstances rendering the payment of
dividends inadvisable, it is generally agreed that a company need not pay
dividends if such payment threatens the existence of the company as a going
concern or harms its normal course of operations.
15
It
is
possible, therefore, that shareholders of AmBev will not receive dividends
in
any particular fiscal year. Any dividends not distributed would be allocated
to
a special reserve account for future payment to shareholders, unless it is
used
to offset subsequent losses.
Controls
and restrictions on foreign currency remittance could harm the ability of
AmBev
to transfer dividend payments off-shore
Brazilian
law provides that whenever there is a serious imbalance in Brazil’s balance of
payments or reasons to foresee a serious imbalance, the Brazilian government
may
impose temporary restrictions on the remittance to foreign investors of the
proceeds of their investments in Brazil. For example, for approximately six
months in 1989 and early 1990 the Brazilian government froze all dividend
and
capital repatriations that were owed to foreign equity investors and held
by the
Central Bank in order to conserve Brazil’s foreign currency reserves.
These
amounts were subsequently released in accordance with Brazilian government
directives. Similar measures could be taken by the Brazilian government in
the
future.
As
a
result, the Brazilian government may in the future restrict companies such
as
AmBev from paying amounts denominated in foreign currencies or require that
any
such payments be made in Brazilian reais.
The
likelihood that the Brazilian government would impose such restrictions may
be
affected by the extent of Brazil’s foreign currency reserves, the availability
of foreign currency in the foreign exchange markets on the date a payment is
due, the size of Brazil’s debt service burden relative to the economy as a
whole, Brazil’s policy toward the International Monetary Fund and other factors.
We cannot assure you that the Central Bank will not modify its policies or
that
the Brazilian government will not institute restrictions or delays on payments
by Brazilians issuers in respect of securities issued in the international
capital markets to date. For further information on this matter see “—Exchange
Controls”.
If
you exchange the AmBev ADSs for AmBev shares, you risk losing some foreign
currency remittance and Brazilian tax advantages
The
AmBev
ADSs benefit from the foreign capital registration that The Bank of
New York (as depositary) has in Brazil, which permits The Bank of
New York to convert dividends and other distributions with respect to
the
AmBev shares into foreign currency and remit the proceeds abroad. If you
exchange your AmBev ADSs for AmBev shares, you will be entitled to rely on
The
Bank of New York’s foreign capital registration for only five business days
from the date of exchange. After this five-day period, you will not be able
to
remit abroad non-Brazilian currency unless you obtain your own foreign capital
registration. In addition, gains with respect to AmBev shares will be subject
to
less favorable tax treatment unless you obtain your own certificate of foreign
capital registration or you obtain your own registration with the Central Bank
of Brazil pursuant to Resolution No. 2,689/00 of the National Monetary
Council. For a more complete description of Brazilian restrictions on foreign
investments and the foreign investment regulations, see “Additional
Information—Memorandum and Articles of Association—Restrictions on Foreign
Investment” and “—Exchange Controls”. For a more complete description of
Brazilian tax regulations, see “Additional Information—Taxation—Brazilian Tax
Considerations”.
AmBev
ADSs have fewer and less well defined shareholders’ rights as compared to
shareholders’ rights of similar U.S. companies
AmBev’s
corporate affairs are governed by AmBev’s bylaws and Brazilian Corporate Law,
which may differ from the legal principles that would apply to AmBev if the
company were incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States, such as
Delaware or New York, or in other jurisdictions outside of Brazil. In
addition, your rights or the rights of holders of the AmBev shares and ADSs
under Brazilian Corporate Law to protect your interests relative to actions
taken by AmBev’s Board of Directors or controlling shareholders may be fewer and
less well-defined than under the laws of those other jurisdictions outside
of
Brazil.
Although
Brazilian law imposes restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation,
the Brazilian securities markets may not be as highly regulated and supervised
as the U.S. securities markets or markets in other jurisdictions. In addition,
rules and policies against self-dealing and regarding the preservation of
shareholder interests may be less well-defined and enforced in Brazil than
in
the United States, potentially causing disadvantages to holders of the AmBev
shares and ADSs. Corporate disclosures may be less complete or informative
than
what may be expected of a U.S. public company.
16
Some
entitlements are not available to U.S. holders of AmBev shares and
ADSs
Due
to
various Brazilian and United States laws and regulations, United States holders
of AmBev shares or ADSs may not be entitled to all of the rights possessed
by
Brazilian holders of AmBev shares. For instance, U.S. holders of AmBev shares
may not be able to exercise any preemptive or preferential rights relating
to
their shares unless a registration statement under the Securities Act is
effective with respect to such rights or an exemption from the registration
requirements thereunder is available.
RISKS
RELATING TO THE NOTES
Possible
extension of the expected maturity of the notes
Under
the
terms of the notes and the indenture, if, on the expected maturity date for
the
notes, the insurance policy is in effect or certain funds are on deposit
in the
reserve account and certain specified events have occurred and are continuing
relating to the imposition of currency exchange controls in Brazil, the date
for
the repayment of the notes will automatically be extended until the earlier
to
occur of (i) twenty-four calendar months from the expected maturity date;
(ii)
the latest date for which funds are available in the reserve account or under
the letter of credit and under the insurance policy to pay interest on the
notes; or (iii) the thirtieth day after any such currency exchange control
event
has ended. Accordingly, you should not rely, in making your investment decision,
on receiving repayment in full of the notes on the initial expected maturity
date.
Any
such
extension of the expected maturity date could, depending on changes in the
financial conditions of AmBev, ultimately affect the ability of the noteholders
to receive all amounts due to them under such international notes and the
related international indentures.
Judgments
of Brazilian courts enforcing our obligations under the notes or the indenture
would be payable only in reais
If
proceedings were brought in Brazil seeking to enforce our obligations under
the
notes or the indenture, we would not be required to discharge our obligations
in
a currency other than reais.
Under
the Brazilian exchange control limitations, an obligation to pay amounts
denominated in a currency other than Brazilian currency, which is payable
in
Brazil, may only be satisfied in Brazilian currency at the rate of exchange,
as
determined by the Central Bank, in effect on the date of payment.
Controls
and restrictions on foreign currency remittance could impede our ability
to make
payments under the notes
Brazilian
law provides that whenever there is a serious imbalance in Brazil’s balance of
payments or reasons to foresee a serious imbalance, the Brazilian government
may
impose temporary restrictions on the remittance to foreign investors of the
proceeds of their investments in Brazil. See “—Controls and restrictions on
foreign currency remittance could harm the ability of AmBev to transfer dividend
payments to off-shore investors”.
We
cannot
assure you that mechanisms for the transfer of reais
and
conversion into U.S. dollars will continue to be available at the time we
are
required to perform our obligations under the notes or that a more restrictive
control policy, which could affect our ability to make payments under the
notes
in U.S. dollars, will not be instituted in the future. If such financial
mechanisms are not available, we will have to rely on a special authorization
from the Central Bank to make payments under the notes in U.S. dollars. We
cannot assure you that any such Central Bank approval would be obtained or
that
such approval would be obtained on a timely basis.
In
the
event that no such additional authorizations are obtained or obtainable from
the
Central Bank for the payment by AmBev of amounts owed under the indenture
or the
notes, as the case may be, AmBev may be able to lawfully pay the amounts
due
under the notes through an international transfer of reais.
Through
the international transfer of reais
mechanism, payments made in reais
by AmBev
will be deposited in non-resident accounts held by AmBev, which would then
purchase U.S. dollars through the exchange market, as defined in “—Exchange Rate
Information” and “—Exchange Controls”, and remit U.S. dollars to the relevant
agent for payment of the notes. No assurance can be given that the international
transfer of reais
or the
exchange market will remain legally or commercially available to Brazilian
residents.
17
Book-entry
registration
Because
transfers and pledges of global notes can be effected only through book
entries
at the Depositary Trust Company (“DTC”), the liquidity of any secondary market
for global notes may be reduced to the extent that some
investors are unwilling to hold notes in book-entry form in the name of
a DTC
participant. The ability to pledge global notes may be limited due to the
lack
of a physical certificate. Beneficial owners of global notes may, in certain
cases, experience delay in the receipt of payments of principal and interest
since such payments will be forwarded by the paying agent to DTC who will
then
forward payment to the respective DTC participants, who will thereafter
forward
payment directly, or indirectly through Euroclear or Clearstream, to beneficial
owners of the global notes. In the event of the insolvency of DTC or of
a DTC
participant in whose name global notes are recorded, the ability of beneficial
owners to obtain timely payment and (if the limits of applicable insurance
coverage by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation are exceeded,
or if
such coverage is otherwise unavailable) ultimate payment of principal and
interest on global notes may be impaired.
Subordination
to certain statutory liabilities
Under
Brazilian law, our obligations under the notes and the indenture are
subordinated to certain statutory preferences. In the event of our bankruptcy,
and according to the new Brazilian bankruptcy law which became effective
on June9, 2005, such statutory preferences, such as claims for salaries and wages
(up
to 150 minimum wages, per plaintiff), social security and other taxes, court
fees and expenses, will have preference over any other claims, including
claims
by any investor in respect of the notes.
Possible
voluntary cancellation of the insurance policy and the letter of credit and
refunding of amounts on deposit in the reserve account
Subject
to certain conditions precedent relating to the rating of the notes, AmBev
may
request the trustee to cancel the insurance policy, refund all amounts on
deposit in the reserve account and allow the letter of credit to be cancelled
after the third anniversary of the closing date. Any such cancellation and
withdrawal may significantly affect the ability of noteholders to receive
payments under their notes during a currency exchange control event occurring
after any such cancellation, withdrawal and refund.
RISKS
RELATING TO THE INSURANCE POLICY
Limited
financial information concerning the insurer
The
rating of the notes is in part based on the availability of the insurance
policy
to cover certain risks related to inconvertibility or non-transferability
of
amounts which may be paid by the issuer under the indenture and the notes
in the
event that the Brazilian government imposes limitations on the conversion
of
reais
to U.S.
dollars. No financial information concerning the insurer is included in this
annual report and statutory financial statements are available from the Delaware
insurance authorities. The insurer’s financial obligations are subject to
pooling arrangements with its parent and certain of its affiliates, which
arrangements depend on the financial condition of these entities. No financial
information concerning these entities is included herein. Any decline in
the
financial condition of the insurer or any of these companies may impair the
ability of the insurer to pay claims under the insurance policy and could
result
in a downgrade of the rating of the notes.
Limitation
on amount of coverage under the insurance policy
The
insurance policy has a policy payment limit in U.S. dollars which corresponds
to
the amount of scheduled interest due on the notes for eighteen months. Combined
with the amounts on deposit in a reserve account or available under the letter
of credit, the amounts available to the trustee from the insurance policy
should
be sufficient to cover the payment of interest due on the notes for up to
four
interest payment periods. If for any reason any currency exchange control
event
were to continue for a period longer than twenty-four months (four consecutive
interest payment periods) during which time AmBev would otherwise be required
to
make payments to the trustee on behalf of the noteholders under the notes,
a
default may occur on the notes. In such cases, noteholders may, in certain
circumstances be required to accept reais
in
satisfaction of AmBev’s obligation to make payments to the trustee under the
notes regardless of whether such reais
are then
convertible into U.S. dollars or any other currency.
18
See
“—Risks
Relating to the Notes—Judgments of
Brazilian courts enforcing our obligations under the notes or the indenture
would be payable only in reais”.
Conditional
nature of the insurer’s obligation to pay under the insurance
policy
The
insurer’s obligation to make payments under the insurance policy is subject to
certain conditions, limitations and exclusions including, but not limited
to:
·
the
requirement that AmBev generally either attempts and fails to convert
reais
to
U.S. dollars or attempts and fails to transfer U.S. dollars from
Brazil to
the trustee in New York;
·
certain
events causing the failure of AmBev to pay under the indenture,
continuing
for the entire 180 calendar-day waiting period under the insurance
policy;
·
the
filing by the trustee, as the insured party under the insurance
policy, of
a claim with the insurer; and
·
the
provision of certain information by the trustee and AmBev to the
insurer
within the time periods proscribed by the insurance policy in connection
with the filing of the claim with the
insurer.
The
failure to satisfy any such condition, if not waived by the insurer, may
result
in the insurer not being obligated to make any payment on the insurance
policy.
In
addition, the insurer may in certain circumstances cancel the insurance policy,
exclude the payment of a claim thereunder and adjust the amount of a claim
under
the insurance policy.
Limitation
on timing of payments under the insurance policy
The
insurance policy requires that the insurer make payments in respect of a
claim
thereunder 180 days after the original payment schedule for principal of,
and
interest on, the notes. Accordingly, in the event of an acceleration of the
notes prior to the maturity thereof during certain events, the insurer will
not
be obligated to make such payments in the event of any such
acceleration.
Companhia
de Bebidas das Américas—AmBev is the successor of Companhia Cervejaria Brahma
(“Brahma”) and Companhia Antarctica Paulista Indústria Brasileira de Bebidas e
Conexos (“Antarctica”), two of the oldest brewers in Brazil. Antarctica ws
founded in 1885. Brahma was founded in 1888 as Villiger & Cia. The Brahma
brand was registered on September 6, 1888, and in 1904 Villiger & Cia.
changed its name to Companhia Cervejaria Brahma.
AmBev
was
incorporated as Aditus Participações S.A. (“Aditus”) on September 14, 1998.
AmBev, a Brazilian sociedade anônima, is a publicly held corporation
incorporated under the laws of the Federative Republic of Brazil. On July1,1999, the controlling shareholders of Brahma and Antarctica, contributed
all of
their common and preferred shares in Brahma and Antarctica in exchange for
shares of the same type and class of AmBev (the “controlling shareholders’
contribution”).
On
March31, 2001, Brahma was merged into Antarctica, and Antarctica changed its name
to
CBB. These transactions had no effect on AmBev’s consolidated financial
statements because each of the entities was wholly owned by AmBev.
AmBev's
principal executive offices are located at
Rua Dr. Renato Paes de Barros, 1017, 4th floor, CEP 04530-001, São Paulo,
SP,
Brazil, tel.: (5511) 2122-1415, e-mail: ir@ambev.com.br.
On
January 31, 2003, AmBev completed a business combination with Quilmes
Industrial (Quinsa), Société Anonyme (“Quinsa”), through which AmBev acquired a
40.5% initial economic interest in Quinsa and established
a leading presence in the beer markets of Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and
Uruguay.
During
2003 and the first quarter of 2004, AmBev expanded its presence in the north
of
Latin America through a series of acquisitions by which it established
a
foothold in several beverage markets, such as Central America, Peru, Ecuador
and
the Dominican Republic.
On
August27, 2004, AmBev and Interbrew S.A./N.V. (now known as InBev S.A./N.V.
(“InBev”)), a Belgian brewer, completed a business combination that involved the
merger of an indirect holding company of Labatt, one of the leading brewers
in
Canada, into AmBev. At the same time, controlling shareholders
of
AmBev completed the contribution of all shares of an indirect holding
company of AmBev to InBev in exchange for newly issued shares of
InBev.
On
May31, 2005, CBB merged into AmBev, a transaction which simplified AmBev’s
corporate structure.
The
Brahma-Antarctica Combination—Creation of AmBev and Brazilian Antitrust
Approval
AmBev
was
formed through the combination of Brazil’s two largest beverage companies,
Brahma and Antarctica (the “combination”). The combination involved the creation
of AmBev, as a holding company for Brahma and Antarctica. The combination
was
carried out over the course of 1999 and 2000, beginning with the contribution
of
shares of the controlling shareholders of Brahma and Antarctica in exchange
for
shares of AmBev on July 1, 1999. This was followed by the completion of the
transactions by which Antarctica and Brahma became wholly-owned subsidiaries
of
AmBev on September 15, 1999 and September 14, 2000, respectively, and the
public
shareholders of Brahma and Antarctica became shareholders of AmBev. Pursuant
to
the controlling shareholders’ contribution on July 1, 1999, Brahma’s controlling
shareholders, Empresa de Administração e Participações S.A. - ECAP (“ECAP”) and
Braco S.A., and Antarctica’s controlling shareholder, the FAHZ,
each contributed all its common and preferred shares in Brahma and Antarctica,
respectively, in exchange for AmBev shares of the same type and
class.
20
In
connection witih the combination, on July 1, 1999, the FAHZ, Braco S.A.,
and
ECAP, the controlling shareholders of AmBev, as well as AmBev and Marcel
Telles,
Jorge Paulo Lemann and Carlos Alberto Sicupira, entered into a shareholders’
agreement that contains provisions relating to the voting of shares of AmBev
and
the voting by AmBev of the shares of its subsidiaries. Messrs. Telles, Lemann
and Sicupira are indirectly part of the control block of InBev Brasil (formerly
known as Braco Investimentos S.A.) InBev Brasil holds all of the AmBev
shares previously held by Braco S.A. and has succeeded to Braco S.A.’s rights
and obligations under the AmBev shareholders’ agreement and had ECAP merged into
it on June 24, 2005. For a detailed description of the AmBev shareholders’
agreement, see “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major
Shareholders—AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement”.
Brazilian
antitrust authorities have the power to investigate any transaction that
may
limit or impair competition, or result in a dominant market position, including
transactions that result in the concentration of a market share equal to
or
greater than 20% of any relevant market or which involves, among other factors,
any company with annual gross sales of R$400 million or more. The transfer
of
control of Brahma and Antarctica to AmBev through the controlling shareholders’
contribution resulted in a market share for AmBev in excess of 70% of the
Brazilian beer market and 20% of the Brazilian soft drinks market. Brazilian
antitrust authorities therefore reviewed the transaction to determine whether
it
would negatively impact competitive conditions in the relevant markets, or
whether it would negatively affect consumers.
The
CADE,
an independent agency of the Brazilian Ministry of Justice, is the principal
Brazilian antitrust authority. On April 7, 2000, CADE approved the controlling
shareholders’ contribution subject to restrictions designed to prevent AmBev
from exercising excessive control over the Brazilian beer market. CADE imposed
no restrictions in connection with soft drinks or other beverages produced
by
AmBev. On April 19, 2000, AmBev entered into a performance agreement with
CADE
pursuant to which AmBev agreed to comply with the restrictions imposed by
CADE.
The principal terms of the performance agreement included:
·
Distribution
network: For a period of four years, we had to share our distribution
network with at least one regional Brazilian beer company, which
cannot
have a market share in excess of 5% of its respective regional
market, in
each of the five regions of Brazil as defined by CADE. On September10,2001, after a public bidding process, AmBev signed an agreement
for the
sharing of AmBev’s distribution network with Eduardo Bier Comercial de
Produtos Alimenticios (“Dado
Bier”);
·
Plants:
For a period of four years, had AmBev decided to close or dispose
of any
of its beer plants, it had to first offer such plant for sale in
a public
auction;
·
Dismissals:
For a period of five years, if AmBev or any of its subsidiaries
had
dismissed any employee as a result of the restructuring process
related to
the combination and other than for cause, AmBev had to attempt
to place
the employee in a new job, and provide the employee with retraining,
as
appropriate;
·
Exclusivity:
We and our distributors could not demand that points of sale operate
on an
exclusive basis, except in certain circumstances, including where
our
investments and improvements were equivalent to a majority of the
assets
of the point of sale; and
·
Bavaria:
A requirement that we sell Antarctica’s Bavaria brand and related
assets.
On
November 6, 2000, we entered into an agreement with Molson Inc. (which has
since
merged with Adolph Coors Company to form Molson Coors Brewing Company, “Molson”)
for the sale of Bavaria pursuant to the terms of our performance agreement
with
CADE. Our agreement with Molson provided for an initial purchase price of
up to
R$416.1 million, of which R$191.4 million was received at that time. Molson
agreed to pay an additional R$44.8 million for each 0.5% increase in market
share achieved by the Bavaria brand on a yearly basis during a five year
period,
up to a maximum additional payment of R$224.7 million. A minimum annual market
share of 6.5%, in addition to intermediary targets, should have been attained
by 2005 to assure receipt of the full contingent price of R$224.7
million.
Because the targets have not been met, we have not received any portion of
this
additional consideration. CADE approved this agreement on December 13, 2000,
and
the sale was completed on December 20, 2000. The agreement also provided
for the
sharing of our distribution network for a period of six years, renewable
for an
additional two-year period at the option of the purchaser. During the first
four
years,
21
Molson,
in accordance with the agreement, would not have to pay us any commission
for
the use of the distribution network. On April 30, 2002, Molson decided to
terminate the distribution agreement in order to enter into a distribution
agreement with The Coca-Cola Company.
Non-compliance
with any obligation under the performance agreement may trigger a minimum
daily
fine of R$5,320 per occurrence. This daily fine could be increased up to
a
maximum of R$106,410 per occurrence. In the event of non-compliance, CADE
may
also appoint a judicial officer to enforce compliance. CADE has the authority
to
revoke its approval of the controlling shareholders’ contribution and to file an
administrative proceeding against us if we do not comply with our obligations.
CADE also has the general authority to order other remedial measures as provided
by law and as established under the performance agreement. Pursuant to the
terms
of the performance agreement, AmBev has to file with CADE half yearly reports
attesting compliance with its terms and conditions. To date, AmBev has filed
nine reports with CADE and is due to file the tenth and last report by August31, 2005. CADE has analyzed all reports up to the eighth report and, except
for
the obligations in connection with exclusivity agreements and the closure
of
plants (in connection with which further information has been required) all
other obligations under the agreement have been considered fulfilled up to
the
date of such reports.
Acquisition
of Interest in Quinsa
On
January 31, 2003, AmBev consummated the acquisition of an interest
in
Quinsa, an indirect holding company of Cerveceria y Malteria Quilmes, the
largest Argentine brewer, and in Quilmes International (Bermuda) Ltd. (“QIB”),
Quinsa’s controlled subsidiary which is the holding company for all Quinsa’s
operating subsidiaries. Quinsa owned 85% of the economic interest in QIB
as of
January 31, 2003. This transaction involved an initial
acquisition of 37.5% of the total capital Quinsa and 8.6% of
the shares of QIB, resulting in a total ownership of 40.5% of Quinsa’s
economic interest. The transaction included:
·
the
purchase of 230.9 million Class A Quinsa shares from Beverage Associates
Corp. (“BAC”), for R$1,222.6 million (U.S.$346.4
million);
·
the
contribution of AmBev’s brewery assets located in Argentina, Uruguay and
Paraguay, with a book value (determined under Brazil GAAP)
of R$300.7
million, in exchange for 26.4 million new Class B shares issued
by Quinsa;
and
·
the
purchase of 8.0 million QIB shares from Heineken International
Beheer
B.V.C. (“Heineken”), a
subsidiary of Heineken N.V., for R$206.5 million (U.S.$58.5
million).
During
2003, we acquired an additional 12.0 million Class B shares of Quinsa in
the
open market for a total consideration of R$243.7 million (U.S.$82.7 million),
increasing our total economic interest in Quinsa to 49.7% at December 31,2003.
During 2004, Quinsa conducted certain share repurchases pursuant to its share
buy-back program, increasing our total economic interest in Quinsa to 54.8%
at
December 31, 2004. As of May 2005, our total economic interest in
Quinsa increased to 55.2%.
AmBev
and
BAC are parties to a shareholder’s agreement whereby each shareholder exercises
50% control over the operations of Quinsa. Accordingly, under Brazilian
GAAP,
Quinsa is proportionaly consolidated and under U.S. GAAP, Quinsa is accounted
for under the equity method.
This
acquisition granted AmBev access to leading positions in the
Argentine, Bolivian, Uruguayan and Paraguayan markets, as well as to Quinsa’s
operations in Chile. In addition, following the acquisition, AmBev has
been able to distribute the Quilmes brands throughout Brazil. Pursuant
to
the agreement with BAC, AmBev has a call optin to acquire 373.5 million Quinsa
Class A Shares held by BAC in exchange for shares of AmBev, which may be
exercised by AmBev beginning in April 2009 and in April of each year
thereafter. Conversely, BAC has a put optin to sell to AmBev the
373.5
million Quinsa Class A Shares held by BAC in exchange for shares of AmBev,
which
may be exercised by BAC beginning in April 2003 and in April of each year
thereafter. The put option held by BAC is immediately exercisable
upon a
change of control of AmBev occurring prior to January 31, 2006, and will
be
deemed exercised in the event of a change of control of AmBev occurring after
that date. We refer to these agreements in this annual report
as the
“Quinsa
Put
and Call Options”.
BAC did
not seek to exercise the put option in connection with the consummation of
the
InBev-AmBev Transactions. The price of the shares will be calculated
based
on the EBITDA of both AmBev and Quinsa at the time of exchange.
The
acquisition of AmBev's interest in Quinsa was approved with certain restrictions
by the CNDC, the Argentine Antitrust Authority. The main restrictions imposed
were:
22
·
Quinsa
and AmBev are required to sell the brands Bieckert, Palermo, Imperial
and
Norte, as well the brewery located in Lujan, where the Brahma brand
was
produced, to an independent brewery, which must be financially
sound and
which does not produce beer in the Argentine Market (the
“Purchaser”).
·
Quinsa
and AmBev are required to submit documentation to the CNDC, evidencing
their commitment to allow the Purchaser, for a period of seven
years
starting on the date of the sale of the assets to the Purchaser,
to have
access to Quinsa’s distribution network in
Argentina.
·
Quinsa
and AmBev must commit to produce the Bieckert, Palermo and Imperial
brands
in its own plants on behalf of the Purchaser, for a two-year period,
as
from the date on which such assets are
sold.
Companies
that produced beer in Argentina may not purchase the assets
we are
required to sell pursuant to the CNDC's decision; however, in April, 2003,
a
subsidiary of Compañia Cervecerías Unidas S.A. (“CCU”) filed a lawsuit to
be able to participate in any such sale. As a consequence, our compliance
with
the restrictions has been suspended.
Expansion
into the North of Latin America
During
2003 and the first quarter of 2004, we extended our presence in Latin America
through a series of transactions in the Northern region of the
continent.
On
October 24, 2002, AmBev and The Central America Bottling Corporation
(“CabCorp”), PepsiCo’s anchor bottler in Central America, agreed to establish a
50-50 joint venture company to explore the beer markets in Central America
and
the Caribbean. The joint venture, Cerveceria Rio, built a brewing facility
in
2003 in the region of Tecolután, Guatemala. Cerveceria Rio started to produce
beer in September 2003, when the Brahva brand, an extension of AmBev’s Brahma
brand, was launched in Guatemala. In 2004, the sales of Brahva were
extended
to Nicaragua, and in the beginning of 2005, to El Salvador. Brahva is sold
in
these three countries through Cabcorp’s distribution network.
On
October 14, 2003, we agreed to purchase, through our Peruvian subsidiary
AmBev
Peru, certain production and distribution assets from Embotelladora Rivera,
including two soft drinks bottling plants, for a consideration of R$ 86.7
million. Among the assets acquired were the franchise for Pepsi products
in Lima
and northern Peru. In connection with our expansion in Peru, in May 2005
we finalized a brewing and soft drinks bottling facility in
the region
of Lima, with an estimated investment of approximately
R$92.1 million.
On
December 2, 2003, we acquired 80% of the voting rights and economic interest
of
Cerveceria Suramericana in Ecuador, the owner of a brewing facility in the
city
of Guayaquil, with an annual production capacity of 900,000 hectoliters.
This
company ws valued at an amount equivalent to its existing debt (approximately
U.S.$45 million), and was renamed AmBev Ecuador after we acquired it. In
October
2004, we launched the Brahma brand in the local market.
On
February 12, 2004, we acquired a 51.0% voting and economic interest in
Embotelladora Dominicana, C. per A. (“Embodom”), PepsiCo’s bottler
for the
Dominican Republic bottler, for U.S.$60.0 million. AmBev’s stake will be
increased to 66.0% by the end of 2005 through an asset contribution to Embodom
consisting of U.S.$ 10 million and a brewing facility in the region of Santo
Domingo, which is currently under construction.
InBev-AmBev
Transactions
Summary
On
March3, 2004, various entities controlled by AmBev’s former controlling
shareholders, Messrs. Lemann, Telles and Sicupira, entered into an agreement
(the “Contribution and Subscription Agreement”) with InBev and InBev’s
controlling shareholders to exchange their controlling interest in AmBev
(consisting of approximately 8.25 billion AmBev common shares) for 141,712,000
newly-issued ordinary shares of InBev.
Also
on
March 3, 2004, AmBev entered into an agreement (the “Incorporação Agreement”)
through which an indirect holding company of Labatt, one of the leading brewers
in the Canadian market, would be merged into
23
AmBev.
AmBev issued to InBev, the former owner of Labatt, approximately 7.9 billion
AmBev common shares and 11.4 billion AmBev preferred shares.
On
August27, 2004, with the completion of the transactions contemplated by these
agreements, which we refer to collectively as the “InBev-AmBev
Transactions”:
·
Labatt
became a wholly owned subsidiary of
AmBev;
·
Interbrew
S.A./N.V. was renamed InBev
S.A/N.V.;
·
InBev
acquired a total of 16,120,095,140 AmBev common shares and
11,398,181,319 AmBev preferred shares, representing a 68.6%
voting
interest and a 49.8% economic interest in AmBev as of August 31,2004.
Pursuant to Brazilian law, InBev was required to conduct, following
the
consummation of the agreements above mentioned, a mandatory tender
offer
(“MTO”) for all remaining outstanding common shares of AmBev. The MTO
was
completed on March 29, 2005, and InBev acquired an additional
2,960,070,177 AmBev common shares, increasing its stake in AmBev
to a
81.0% voting interest and 55.9% economic interest as of April 30,2005;
and
·
Messrs.
Lemann, Telles and Sicupira acquired 141,712,000 InBev shares,
representing approximately a 24.7% voting and economic interest
in InBev;
Messrs. Lemann, Telles and Sicupira, together with InBev’s existing
controlling shareholder group, jointly and equally, indirectly
through a
holding company named Stichting Interbrew, exercise control over
approximately 321,712,000 InBev shares, representing approximately
a 56%
voting and economic interest in
InBev.
AmBev
believes these transactions will allow AmBev to develop a presence in the
Canadian beer market, provide an opportunity for InBev to sell AmBev’s brands
under license in the countries where InBev operates, and offer the potential
for
AmBev to benefit from InBev’s brand portfolio in countries where AmBev
operates.
Acquisition
of Labatt - Incorporação Agreement
On
March3, 2004, AmBev entered into the Incorporação Agreement with InBev, Labatt and
Mergeco. Pursuant to the Incorporação Agreement, Mergeco was merged into AmBev
by means of an Incorporação under Brazilian law, and InBev indirectly received
approximately 7.9 billion newly issued AmBev common shares and approximately
11.4 billion newly issued AmBev preferred shares. Mergeco held 99.9% of the
capital stock of Labatt ApS. As a result, with the completion of the
Incorporação, AmBev held 99.9% of the capital stock of Labatt ApS, and
indirectly, of Labatt, as well as C$1.3 billion of third-party net debt then
held by Labatt and its subsidiaries. AmBev did not, however, receive
assets held by Labatt USA L.L.C., as those were transferred to InBev prior
to
the closing of the Incorporação Agreement.
AmBev
accounted for this transaction as an acquisition of Labatt for both Brazilian
GAAP and U.S. GAAP reporting. The U.S. GAAP reporting was based on the
substantive participating rights that FAHZ enjoys under the AmBev Shareholders’
Agreement.
Contribution
and Subscription Agreement
On
March3, 2004, S-Braco Participações S.A., Rougeval Limited, Tinsel Investments Inc.,
ECAP, Braco S.A., Braco Management Inc., Tinsel Participações Ltda., Tinsel
Investments S.A. (“Tinsel Lux”), BRC S.A. (“BRC”) and Bracopar S.A.
(collectively, the “SB Group Companies”) entered into the Contribution and
Subscription Agreement with the Stichting Interbrew (the “Stichting”), Eugénie
Patri Sébastien (“EPS”), and InBev. Messrs. Lemann, Telles and Sicupira
controlled, directly or indirectly, all of the SB Group Companies. The Stichting
is a foundation organized under Dutch law which held, as of March 3, 2004,
on
behalf of EPS and affiliates of EPS approximately 275.1 million ordinary
shares
of InBev, representing approximately 63.7% of the outstanding ordinary shares
of
InBev.
On
August27, 2004, upon completion of the transactions contemplated by the Contribution
and Subscription Agreement, BRC contributed to InBev 100% of the capital
stock
of Tinsel Lux that indirectly owned (i) a total of approximately 4.2 billion
AmBev common shares and (ii) approximately 98.64% of the capital stock of
ECAP,
which directly held approximately 4.0 billion AmBev common shares. In exchange
for the contribution to InBev of 100% of the capital stock of Tinsel Lux,
InBev
issued to BRC approximately 141.7 million ordinary shares of InBev.
24
Upon
completion of the transactions contemplated by the Contribution and Subscription
Agreement, Messrs. Lemann, Sicupira and Telles beneficially
owned,
through their interests in BRC, the InBev shares acquired by BRC, and InBev
beneficially owned the AmBev common shares that were beneficially owned by
Messrs. Lemann, Sicupira and Telles by virtue of their interests
in
the SB Group Companies.
Mandatory
Tender Offer
As
required by Brazilian law, InBev launched on February 14, 2005 a MTO for
all
common shares of AmBev not owned by it, offering to AmBev common
shareholders who tendered their common shares (a) a cash payment option,
consisting of an amount in reais equal to €353.28
for each
1,000 AmBev common shares tendered and (b) a stock payment option, consisting
of
13.827166 InBev ordinary shares for each 1,000 AmBev common shares tendered.
On
March 29, 2005, the auction consummating the MTO took place on the premises
of
the São Paulo Stock Exchange (“Bovespa”) and on March 31, 2005, InBev announced
that 1,612,915,545 AmBev common shares were tendered in exchange for the
cash
payment option in the auction and 1,347,155,632 AmBev common shares were
tendered in exchange for the stock payment option in the auction. As a result
of
the settlement of the MTO on May 3, 2005, InBev acquired (directly and
indirectly) 2,960,070,177 AmBev common shares.
InBev
Shareholders’ Agreement
According
to publicly-available information, we understand that, in connection with
the
Contribution and Subscription Agreement, on March 2, 2004, BRC, EPS, an
affiliate of EPS, Rayvax Société d’Investissements S.A. (“Rayvax”)
and the Stichting entered into a shareholders agreement (the “InBev
Shareholders’ Agreement”) that became effective on August 27, 2004. The InBev
Shareholders’ Agreement provides for BRC and EPS to hold their interests in
InBev through the Stichting and addresses, among other things, certain matters
relating to the governance and management of the Stichting and InBev as well
as
the transfers of interests in InBev. On August 27, 2004, BRC transferred
all
141,712,000 of its InBev shares to the Stichting in exchange for 141,712,000
Stichting certificates, and EPS held 180,000,000 Stichting certificates
(representing 180,000,000 million InBev shares). As of December 31, 2004,
the
321,712,000 InBev shares held by the Stichting represented 55.8% of all issued
and outstanding InBev shares at that time. Pursuant to the terms of the InBev
Shareholders’ Agreement, BRC and EPS will jointly and equally exercise control
over the Stichting and the InBev shares held by the Stichting.
The
InBev
Shareholders’ Agreement provides for restrictions on the ability of BRC and EPS
to transfer their Stichting certificates (and consequently their InBev shares
held through the Stichting). EPS has agreed that it will at all times hold,
directly or indirectly, no less than 180,000,000 Stichting certificates
(representing 180,000,000 InBev shares), and BRC has agreed that it will
at all
times hold, directly or indirectly, no less than 141,712,000 Stichting
certificates (representing 141,712,000 InBev shares). In addition, the InBev
Shareholders’ Agreement requires certain affiliates of EPS whose InBev shares
are not held through the Stichting to vote their InBev shares in the same
manner
as the InBev shares held by the Stichting and will restrict such affiliates’
ability to transfer their InBev shares in a manner that would disrupt the
orderly trading of the InBev shares. In addition, under the InBev Shareholders’
Agreement, EPS and BRC agreed not to acquire any shares of capital stock
of
AmBev, subject to limited exceptions. The
InBev
Shareholders’ Agreement will remain in effect for an initial term of 20 years
from August 27, 2004. Thereafter, the InBev Shareholders’ Agreement will be
automatically renewed for successive renewal terms of 10 years each unless,
not
later than two years prior to the expiration of the initial or any renewal
term,
either BRC or EPS notifies the other of its intention to terminate the
agreement.
Investment
Grade Status
In
December 2004, Standard & Poor’s raised AmBev’s risk rating denominated in
foreign currency from BB- to BBB-, three levels above the Brazilian government’s
sovereign risk, making AmBev the first Brazilian company to obtain the
investment grade status.
25
Merger
of CBB into AmBev
On
May31, 2005, in order to simplify AmBev’s corporate structure, CBB merged into
AmBev. AmBev held 99.99% of CBB, and issued 26,585 new AmBev common shares
to
CBB minority shareholders, representing an increase in AmBev’s shareholders’
equity of approximately R$4,000.
Share
Dividend
On
May31, 2005, the Board of Directors of AmBev approved a share dividend to each
shareholder of AmBev at a rate of one common share for every
five preferred shares and/or common shares held by such shareholder
on
that date. Pursuant to the terms of the share dividend, AmBev issued a total
of
10,941,151,072 common shares. As a result of the share dividend, InBev
Brazil received an additional 6,095,669,326 common shares,
and FAHZ
received an additional 848,947,447 common shares. As of May 31, 2005,
InBev's voting interest in AmBev was of 73.0%, while its economic interest
was 55.7%.
We
are
the largest brewer in Latin America in terms of sales volumes and the
fifth
largest
beer
producer in the world, according
to our estimates. We
produce,
distribute and sell beer, soft drinks and other non-alcoholic and non-carbonated
products in 14 countries across the Americas. We are PepsiCo’s largest
bottler outside the United States.
We
conduct our operations through three business units:
·
Brazil,
which includes three divisions: (i) beer sales (“Beer Brazil”); (ii)
carbonated soft drinks and non-alcoholic non-carbonated sales (“CSD &
NANC”); and (iii) sales of malt and by-products to third parties (“Other
Products”);
·
Hispanic
Latin America (“HILA”), which includes AmBev’s stake in Quinsa, and the
operations of our subsidiaries in the Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Guatemala (which also serves Nicaragua and El Salvador), Peru and
Venezuela. We refer to our HILA operations, excluding Quinsa and
its
subsidiaries, as “HILA-ex”); and
·
North
America, represented by Labatt’s operations, which includes domestic sales
in Canada and beer exports to the United
States.
The
following map illustrates the main locations where our business units
operate:
The
following table presents a breakdown of our net revenues by business
division:
We
aim
to continuously improve economic value added (“EVA”). Based on this
strategy our main drivers are:
·
our
people and culture;
·
top
line growth;
·
distribution
efficiency and execution;
·
permanent
cost and expense reduction; and
·
financial
discipline.
Our
People and Culture
We
are
aware of the value and importance of highly qualified, motivated
and
committed employees. We carefully manage our hiring and training process
with a
view to maintaining outstanding professionals among our ranks.
In
addition, we believe that we have created through our compensation program,
which is based on both variable payment and stock ownership, financial
incentives for high performance and results. See “Directors, Senior Management
and Employees – Compensation
–
Profit Sharing Plan”).
Another
core element of our culture is our distinguished managerial
capabilities, which is summarized by: (i) hardworking ethos;
(ii)
results focused evaluations; (iii) the encouragement of our executives
to
act as owners, not only managers; (iv) leadership through personal example;
and
(v) appreciation for field experience.
Top
Line
Growth
We
are
constantly seeking sustainable growth in our net revenues, primarily through
four different initiatives:
·
Portfolio
management:
we constantly pursue increased sales of premium, higher-priced
and
more profitable products in our sales
mix;
27
·
Maximize
share of consumer expenditure:
we seek to maximize our share of the consumer’s expenditure in our
products;
·
Market
share:
we are committed to maintaining and strenghtening our leading position
in
the markets where we operate, as well as to evaluating opportunities
to
establish a presence in new markets across the Americas where we
currently
do not operate; and
·
Increase
per capita consumption:
based on proprietary research focused on consumer behavior and
occasions
of consumption, we aim to increase per capita consumption in the
markets
where we operate.
Distribution
Efficiency and Execution
Delivering
national beer brands to hundreds of thousands of points of sale is the most
complex feature of our business. In recent years, we have been focusing
on direct distribution in major cities while still strengthening our
third-party distribution system. In Brazil, for instance, instead
of
operating three inherited, parallel, single-brand systems (each of them
dedicated to one of our major brands, Skol,
Brahma
and
Antarctica),
we are
shifting towards a multi-brand network of distributors committed to handling
all
of our brands.
In
addition, we are constantly seeking to improve our point of sale execution
through new and creative measures. One of our key marketing initiatives was
the
introduction into the Brazilian market of our custom-made beer refrigerators
designed and built to chill beer at the optimal temperature for on-premise
consumption. These refrigerators also work as effective marketing tools,
as they
are decorated with images related to our core brands.
Permanent
Cost and Expense Reduction
Cost
and
expense control is one of our employee’s top priorities. Each of our departments
must comply with its respective annual budget for fixed costs; the employees
of
those departments which exceed the budget are not entitled to
bonuses.
As
a
measure to avoid unnecessary expenses, we have designed a management control
system inspired in zero-base budgeting procedures. That system demands that
every manager builds the annual budget for his or her respective department
from
scratch.
Financial
Discipline
We
have a
policy of not retaining unnecessary cash. Through a combination of
dividends and share buy-backs, we have returned to our shareholders the cash
flow generated by our operations, after allocating funds for our operational
needs and investment plans.
Seasonality
Sales
of
beverages in our markets are seasonal. Generally, sales are stronger during
the
start of the summer and major holidays in the regions. Therefore, in the
Southern Hemisphere (Brazil and HILA) volumes are usually stronger in the
fourth
quarter due to early summer and year-end festivities. In North America volumes
are stronger in the second and third quarters due to the summer season. This
is
demonstrated by the table below, which sets forth our volumes by quarter
and
business division:
28
2004
Quarterly Volumes
(As
a percentage of annual volumes)
1st
Quarter
2nd
Quarter
3rd
Quarter
4th
Quarter
2004
Brazil
23.2%
21.1%
24.0%
31.7%
100.0%
Beer
Brazil
22.8%
21.0%
24.3%
31.9%
100.0%
CSD
& NANC
24.3%
21.4%
23.1%
31.2%
100.0%
HILA
26.5%
19.6%
22.4%
31.5%
100.0%
Quinsa
27.9%
18.5%
21.5%
32.1%
100.0%
HILA-ex
21.4%
23.6%
25.5%
29.5%
100.0%
North
America(1)
19.6%
28.6%
27.2%
24.6%
100.0%
AmBev
Consolidated
23.6%
21.5%
23.9%
31.0%
100.0%
(1) Results
for North America reflect the total volumes for Labatt in
2004.
Description
of The Markets Where We Operate
Brazil
The
Brazilian beer market
In
2004,
Brazil was the world’s fourth largest beer market in terms of volume. According
to Canadean, total sales volumes in 2004 reached 84.5 million hectoliters.
Beer
is predominantly sold in bars for on-premise consumption, in standardized,
returnable 600 milliliters glass bottles. The second most important packaging
presentation is the 350 milliliters one-way aluminum can, which is predominantly
sold in supermarkets for off-premise consumption.
As
of May
2005, according to ACNielsen, we had a 68.3% market share in terms of beer
sales
volumes, mainly through our three major brands, Skol,
Brahma
and
Antarctica.
Our
closest competitors in Brazil are: Grupo Schincariol with a 12.7% market
share;
Molson with a 8.7% market share; and Cervejaria Petrópolis S/A with a 5.2%
market share.
Distribution
represents one of the most complex features in this market, as the
retail
channel is fragmented into more than one million points of sale. Our
distribution is structured under two separate branches. One of them is our
network of exclusive third-party distributors, involving more than 300
operators. The other branch is our proprietary direct distribution system,
involving more than 30 distribution centers spanned over most regions of
Brazil.
We have been focusing on direct distribution in large urban
regions,
while still strengthening our third-party distribution system. See “–Business
Strategy”.
The
Brazilian soft drinks market
The
soft
drinks market in Brazil is comprised of many different segments, including
carbonated soft drinks (“CSD”), bottled water, isotonics, iced teas, juices and
juice drinks. The CSD segment is the most relevant one for us, representing
more
than 90% of the profits or our CSD & NANC business unit. We also sell
isotonics, iced tea and bottled water.
In
2004,
Brazil was the world’s third largest CSD market, after the United States and
Mexico. The main flavors are (i) black cola, (ii) guaraná, (iii) orange, and
(iv) lime. Most of the carbonated soft drinks in Brazil are sold in supermarkets
in 2-liters one-way PET bottles, for off-premise consumption. Specifically
for
our portfolio, the 350 milliliters one-way aluminum can is also an important
packaging presentation, and is mainly sold in supermarkets.
Our
main
competitor in this market is The Coca Cola Company, which operates
in Brazil though approximately 20 bottlers. As of May 2005,
according
to ACNielsen, The Coca Cola Company family of brands had a 53.3% market share
in
the Brazilian soft drinks market, while we had a market share of 16.4%. Apart
from The Coca Cola Company, we face competition from small regional producers,
that produce what is usually referred to as “B Brands”. The B Brands compete
mainly in price, usually being sold at a significantly lower
price
than our products.
29
Our
main
CSD brands are Guaraná
Antarctica,
the
leader in the guaraná flavor segment, and Pepsi
Cola,
which
is sold under license from PepsiCo. We also have in our portfolio the brands
Gatorade,
in the
isotonics market, and Lipton
Ice Tea,
in the
iced tea market.
Our
CSD
& NANC products are sold through the same distribution system used for
beer.
HILA
Quinsa
A
description of the beer and soft drink markets in the regions where Quinsa
operates can be found in Quinsa’s annual report on Form 20-F, which will be
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Please refer to that
description for an understanding of the Quinsa market.
30
HILA-ex
Central
America (including Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua)
According
to Canadean, the beer markets in Central America where we operate
had
combined annual sales volumes of 3.3 million hectoliters in 2004.
In these
markets, beer is predominantly sold in returnable bottles in small retail
stores.
In
El
Salvador, the main packaging presentation is the returnable, 12oz. glass
bottle.
Our main competitor in El Salvador is the market leader, a local subsidiary
of
SABMiller plc.
In
Guatemala, the main packaging presentation is the returnable, 12oz. glass
bottle. Our main competitor in Guatemala is Cerveceria Centro Americana,
the
market leader. Cerveceria Centro Americana is a private company held by local
investors.
In
Nicaragua, the main packaging presentation is the returnable, 1.0 liter glass
bottle. Our main competitor in Nicaragua is the market leader, which
is a
joint venture among Guatemala’s Cerveceria Centro Americana and a Costa Rican
investor’s group named Florida Ice & Farm.
In
all
three of these markets we sell our Brahva brand, which is distributed through
CabCorp’s distribution system, jointly with CabCorp’s soft drinks
portfolio.
The
Dominican Republic
The
Dominican CSD market
According
to our estimates the Dominican CSD market annual sales volumes were
2.4
million hectoliters in 2004. The main packaging presentation is the returnable,
half-liter glass bottle, which is predominantly sold in small retail stores.
We
are the leading player in that market, and compete with The Coca Cola Company,
represented by its local bottler.
We
entered the Dominican CSD market in February 2004 through the acquisition
of a
controlling stake in Embodom, PepsiCo’s Dominican Republic bottler. Our main
brands in that country are Red
Rock,
Pepsi
Cola and
Seven
UP
(the
latter two under license from PepsiCo).
Our
Dominican Republic distribution system is comprised of direct distribution
operations and third-party distributors.
The
Dominican
beer market
According
to Canadean, the Dominican beer market annual sales volumes are estimated
at 2.8
million hectoliters in 2004. The main packaging presentation in that country
is
the returnable, 650 milliliters glass bottle, which is predominantly sold
in
small retail stores. Currently, only one brewer, Cerveceria Presidente, operates
in the
31
Dominican
market. Cerveceria Presidente is a joint venture among local investors and
a
subsidiary of the Altria Group, Inc.
In
connection with our expansion in the Dominican CSD market, we are building
a
brewing and soft drinks bottling facility in the region of Santo Domingo,
which
will allow us to start selling beer in that country. The plant is expected
to
start operations by the fourth quarter of 2005.
We
expect
to sell beer in the Dominican Republic through the same distribution system
used
in the CSD business.
Ecuador
According
to Canadean the Ecuadorian beer market annual sales volume is estimated at
3.2
million hectoliters in 2004. The main packaging presentation in that country
is
the returnable, 578 milliliters glass bottle,
32
predominantly
sold in small retail stores. The leading player in that market is the Colombian
brewer, Grupo Empresarial Bavaria.
We entered
the Ecuadorian beer market through the acquisition of Cerveceria Suramericana
in
December 2003, which had by that time less than 5% market share through its
own
Biela brand. In October 2004, we discontinued Biela and launched the
Brahma brand in Ecuador.
Our
distribution system in Ecuador is comprised of direct distribution operations
and third-party distributors.
In
2004,
we entered into a legal dispute with Grupo Empresarial Bavaria, claiming
the
right to use common-shaped returnable beer bottles (578 milliliters) that
are
widely available in the local market. The purpose of the dispute
is to
allow full interchangeability between our bottles and those carried by other
market players. Ecudorian courts have not yet reached a final decision
on
this matter, and we cannot anticipate when the dispute will be resolved.
We currently use a proprietry returnable beer bottle (578 mililiters) in
Ecuador.
Peru
The
Peruvian CSD market
According
to our estimates, the Peruvian CSD market annual sales volumes were 11.5
million hectoliters in 2004. The main packaging presentation in that country
is
the 3.0 liters one-way PET bottle, which is predominantly sold in small
retail
stores. The leading player in that market is The Coca Cola Company, represented
by its local network of bottlers. We also face competition from small regional
producers, that produce what is usually referred to as “B Brands”. The B Brands
compete mainly in price, usually being sold for a significantly lower price
than
our products.
We
entered the Peruvian CSD market in November 2003 through the acquisition
of
certain production and distribution assets from Embotelladora Rivera, including
the PepsiCo franchise for the region of Lima and northern Peru. The main
brands
that we sell in Peru are Concordia,
Pepsi
Cola and
Triple
Kola,
all of
which are sold under license from PepsiCo.
Our
distribution system in Peru is comprised of direct distribution operations
and
third-party distributors.
The
Peruvian
beer market
According
to Canadean, the Peruvian beer market annual sales volumes are estimated
at 6.5 million hectoliters in 2004. The main packaging presentation
in that
country is the returnable, 620 milliliters glass bottle, which is predominantly
sold in small retail stores. The market leader is the Colombian brewer, Grupo
Empresarial Bavaria.
In
connection with our expansion in the Peruvian CSD market, we finalized in
May
2005 a brewing and soft drinks bottling facility in the region of Lima, which
allows us to start selling the Brahma beer brand in that
country.
33
The
same
distribution system used in Peru for our CSD business is also used for the
beer
sales.
In
2004,
we entered into a legal dispute with Grupo Empresarial Bavaria, claiming
the
right to use common-shaped returnable beer bottles (620 milliliters) that
are
widely available in the local market. The purpose of the dispute to
allow full interchangeability between our bottles and those carried by other
market players. Peruvian courts have not yet reached a final decision
on
this matter, and we cannot anticipate when the dispute will be resolved.
We currently use a 1.1 liter returnable beer bottle in Peru.
Venezuela
According
to Canadean, the Venezuelan beer market annual sales volumes are estimated
at
14.8 million hectoliters in 2004. The main packaging presentation in that
country is the returnable, 222 milliliter glass bottle, which is predominantly
sold in small retail stores. We compete in Venezuela with Cerveceria Polar,
the
market leader, and Cerveceria Regional, the second largest player.
Our
main
brands in Venezuela are Brahma
and
Brahma
Light,
and our
distribution system is comprised of direct distribution operations and
third-party distributors.
34
North
America
Our
North
America business unit is represented by Labatt’s operations, which include
domestic beer sales in Canada and exports of Canadian brands to the United
States.
According
to Canadean, the annual sales volumes in the beer market in Canada are estimated
at 21.8 million hectoliters in 2004. The main packaging presentation
in
that country is the returnable, 341 milliliters glass bottle, which is
predominantly sold in privately-owned and government-owned retail
stores. Our main competitor in Canada is Molson, which has a market share
similar to ours (approximately 42.0%). We also compete with smaller local
brewers, such as Sleeman Breweries Ltd. (“Sleeman”), Moosehead Breweries Ltd.
and Lakeport Brewing Corporation.
Our
main
brands in Canada are Budweiser
(brewed
and sold under license from Anheuser-Busch, Inc.)("Anheuser-Busch")), Labatt Blue,
Alexander
Keith’s
and
Kokanee.
Our
distribution system is structured in different ways across the
country:
Distribution
in Ontario
In
Ontario, the province with the largest beer consumption in Canada, we own
in
partnership with Molson and Sleeman, a distribution and retail company named
Brewers Retail Inc., the retail component of which carries out business as
The
Beer Store (“TBS”). TBS and the Liquor Control Board of Ontario, a chain of
liquor stores owned by the government of the Province of Ontario (“LCBO”), own
the exclusive rights to sell beer for off-premise consumption in Ontario.
TBS
also has the exclusive rights to supply domestic-produced beer to the
LCBO.
Domestic
brewers are entitled to hire the distribution and retail services of TBS,
which
charges a one-off fee for the registration of each stock keeping unit in
its
portfolio, plus a fee for service for each case delivered to the LCBO or
sold in
its proprietary stores.
TBS
also
serves points of sale in Ontario where beer is consumed on premise; there
are,
however, no rights for exclusive supply. Any brewer can sell its products
directly to points of sale where beer is consumed on premise.
AmBev,
Molson and Sleeman share all the seats on the board of TBS, with AmBev and
Molson jointly controlling its operations.
Distribution
in Quebec
Quebec
is
the province in Canada with the second largest beer consumption. In this
province there is no exclusive rights for the sales of beer, and both the
on-premise and off-premise sales channels are mostly comprised of privately
owned stores.
35
We sell
our products in Quebec through a direct sales system.
Distribution
in the Western Provinces
In
the
Western Provinces (including Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan,
the Yukon and the Northwest Territories), we and Molson own a joint-venture
company that distributes our and Molson’s products to the retail
stores.
Distribution
in the Atlantic Provinces
We
sell
our products through a network of third-party distributors in the Atlantic
Provinces (including New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Prince
Edward
Island).
Exports
to the United States
We
sell
some of our brands in the United States, including Labatt
Blue
and
Kokanee,
through
InBev USA (previously Labatt USA, L.L.C.), a subsidiary of InBev. We have
no
written agreement to sell through InBev USA. See “Major Shareholders - Related
Party Transactions”.
36
Beer
and Soft Drink Production Process
Beer
production involves several raw material and production stages. The main
ingredient in beer is malt, which is produced by germinating and roasting
barley
in a process called “malting”. Malt is mixed with water, hops and adjuncts (corn
syrup, grits or rice, for instance) in the proportions necessary to obtain
the
desired taste. The resulting mixture is called “wort”. Wort is fermented with
selected yeasts to produce beer, which is then filtered and bottled. In addition
to these inputs, delivery of the product to consumers requires packaging
such as
bottles, aluminum or steel cans, labels and crown caps.
Soft
drinks are produced by mixing water, flavored concentrate and sugar or
sweetener. Water is processed to eliminate mineral salts and filtered to
eliminate impurities. Purified water is combined with processed sugar or,
in the
case of diet soft drinks, with artificial sweeteners, and concentrate.
Carbon
dioxide gas is injected into the mixture to produce carbonation. Immediately
following carbonation, the mixture is bottled. In addition to these inputs,
delivery of the product to consumers requires packaging such as PET bottles,
aluminum or steel cans, labels and plastic closures.
For
information on our production facilities, see “— Property, Plant and
Equipment”.
Sources
and Availability of Raw Materials
Beer
The
main
raw materials used in our production are malting barley, malt, gritz, corn
syrup, rice, hops and water.
Barley
and malt
Malt
is
widely available and our requirements are met by domestic and international
suppliers as well as our own malting facilities. In the case of our beer
operations in Brazil, over half of our malt needs are supplied by our own
malting facilities located in the south of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay.
Our
most
significant malt suppliers are Canada Malting, Soufflet, Boortmalt and Malterias
Unidas. Market prices for malt are volatile, and depend on the quality and
the
level of production of the barley crop across the world, as well as on the
intensity of demand.
We
purchase barley for our malting facilities directly from farmers resident
in
Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Barley prices depends on the quality of the
barley crop and on the prices for wheat on the main boards of trade across
the
world.
37
Hops
There
are
two types of hops used in our beer production: hops used to give beer its
distinctive bitter flavor, which we generally import from the United States,
and
hops used to give beer its distinctive aroma, which we generally import
from
Europe. The
supply of hops is concentrated by few international companies, namely the
Barth
- Haas Group, Yakima Chief, Inc., Hopsteiner and HVG
Hopfenverwertungsgenossenschaft. There
are
generally several suppliers available to meet our needs.
Adjuncts
Corn
syrup, gritz and rice are purchased locally by each one of our operations
and
are generally widely available.
Water
Water
represents a small portion of our raw material costs. We obtain our water
requirements from several sources, such as: lakes and reservoirs, deep
wells
located near our breweries, rivers adjoining our plants and public utilities
companies. We monitor the quality, taste and composition of the water we
use,
and treat it to remove impurities and
38
to
comply
with our high quality standards and applicable regulations. As a result of
advances in technology, we have continuously reduced our water consumption
per
hectoliter produced. We do not foresee any shortage in our current water
supply.
Soft
drinks
The
main
raw materials used in our production are: concentrate (including guaraná
extract), sugar, sweetener, water and carbon dioxide gas. Most of these
materials are obtained from local suppliers.
Guaraná
fruit
We
have a
505 hectare farm that provides us with 50 to 60 tons of guaraná berries per
year, or about 18% of our requirements, with the remainder purchased directly
from independent farmers in the Amazon region.
Concentrates
We
have a
concentrate facility in the north of Brazil which produces the concentrates
to
meet our requirements for the production of our proprietary brands. The
concentrate for Pepsi soft drink products is purchased from
PepsiCo.
Sugar
Sugar
is
widely available and is purchased locally by each of our operations. We
enter
into derivative instruments to avoid the impact of short-term volatility
in
sugar prices on our production costs. See “Quantitative and Qualitative
Disclosure about Market Risk”.
Other
We
produce all of the fruit juice, pulp and concentrate that we use in the
manufacture of our fruit flavored soft drinks.
Packaging
Packaging
costs are comprised of the cost of glass and PET bottles, aluminum and
steel
cans, plastic film (shrink and stretch), paper labels, plastic closures,
metal
crowns and paperboard. We enter into derivative instruments to avoid the
impact
of short-term volatility in aluminum prices on our production costs; for
further
information on this matter see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About
Market Risk”. For other materials, we usually set a fixed price for the period
in accordance with the prevailing macroeconomic conditions.
39
Our
main
can suppliers are Rexam, Latapack Ball, Metalic and Crown-Cork. We generally
purchase all of the glass bottles used in packaging of our products from
St.
Gobain Emballage, Owens-Illinois Glass Containers and Companhia Industrial
de
Vidros. We obtain the labels for our beer and soft drink primarily from
local
suppliers; in Brazil, the majority of our requirements are met by a printing
house that belongs to the FAHZ. Plastic closures are principally purchased
from
Alcoa Aluminio and Crown-Cork. PET pre-forms are principally purchased
from
Amcor. Crown caps are sourced locally by each of our operations. In Brazil
and
some of our HILA-ex operations, a significant part of our crown caps
requirements are met by our facility in the north of Brazil.
Regulation
All
our operations are subject to local governmental regulation and supervision,
including (i) labor laws; (ii) social security laws; (iii) public
health, consumer protection and environmental laws; (iv) securities
laws;
and (v) anti-trust laws. In addition, regulations exist to (i) ensure
healthy and safe conditions in facilities for the production, bottling,
and
distribution of beverages and (ii) place restrictions on beer
consumption.
Environmental
laws in the countries where we operate are mostly related to (i) the
conformity of our operating procedures with environmental standards regarding,
among other issues, the emission of gas and liquid effluents and (ii) the
disposal of one-way packaging.
Governmental
restrictions on beer consumption in the markets where we operate vary from
one
country to another, and in some instances, from
one local region to another. The most relevant restrictions
are:
·
Each
country has a minimum legal drinking age that is established
by the
government; the legal drinking age varies from 18 to 21
years.
·
Some
local and federal governments require that retail stores own
special
licenses for the sales of alcohol; this is the case in Venezuela,
some
regions of Argentina and Canada.
·
Some
local governments in Canada establish a minimun price for beer
sales,
which is named Social Reference Price (“SRP”).
There is
a specific SRP for each different packaging presentation. The
SRP may vary
from one province to another.
·
Beer
sales in the off-premise channel in Canadian provinces of New
Brunswick,
Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Saskatchewan
are
restricted to specific government owned
stores.
·
Beer
sales in the off-premise channel in Canada in the Province of
Ontario are
restricted to two chains of retail stores. One of them is the
LCBO, which
is government owned, and the other is TBS, jointly owned
by AmBev,
Molson and Sleeman. The Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario
regulates
the alcohol industry and recently the Government of Ontario
has
established an independent panel to review beverage alcohol policies
in
Ontario, and as part of this exercise The Beer Store is undergoing
heightened government scrutiny. It is difficult to determine
the
approach that the Government will
take.
Many
governments also impose restrictions on beer advertisement, which may affect,
among other issues, (i) the media channels used, (ii) the
contents of
advertising campaigns; and (iii) the time and places where beer
can be
advertised.
40
Licenses
AmBev
entered into long term agreements with PepsiCo whereby AmBev was
granted
the exclusive right to bottle, sell-, and distribute certain brands
of
PepsiCo’s portfolio of soft drinks in Brazil, including Pepsi
Cola, Seven Up and
Gatorade.
The
agreements will expire on December 31, 2017. See “Additional
Information—Material
Contracts”.
AmBev also
has agreements with PepsiCo to manufacture, package, sell, distribute and
market
some of its brands in the Dominican Republic and in some regions of Peru,
including the north and the Lima regions. Through Quinsa, AmBev is also
PepsiCo’s bottler for the majority of the Argentine territory and
Uruguay.
In
2004,
sales volumes of PepsiCo products represented 38.5% of total CSD & NANC
sales volumes in Brazil, 64.8% of total CSD & NANC sales volumes in the
Dominican Republic and all of CSD & NANC sales volumes in Peru.
Effective
January 1, 1998, Labatt entered into long term licensing agreements with
Anheuser-Busch whereby Labatt was granted the exclusive right and license
to
manufacture, package, sell, distribute and market some of Anheuser-Busch’s
brands, including the Budweiser
and
Bud
Light
brands,
in Canada, including the right to use Anheuser-Busch’s trademarks for those
purposes. The agreements expire January 1, 2098 and are renewable by either
party for a second term of 100 years.
In
the
period from September through December 2004, the Anheuser-Busch brands
sold by
Labatt represented 25.7% of Labatt’s total sales volumes. According to AmBev’s
estimates, the Budweiser
brand is
currently the largest selling brand in terms of volume in Canada.
On
March21, 2005, AmBev and InBev entered into a 10-year cross-license agreement
through
which AmBev is allowed to produce, package, market and distribute beer
under the
brands Stella
Artois
and
Beck’s
in Latin
America (except Argentina and Cuba) on an exclusive basis, and InBev
is allowed
to produce, package, market and distribute beer under the brand Brahma
in
Europe, Asia, Africa, Cuba and the United States on an exclusive basis.
Since
March 23, 2005, InBev has launched the Brahma
brand
in
the United States and in a number of European countries such as United
Kingdom,
France, the Benelux, Ukraine and Russia. We announced the launch
of the Stella
Artois
brand in
Brazil on June 28, 2005. In addition, Labatt and InBev
have an
arrangement through which Labatt can distribute Stella Artois branded
beer in Canada. See “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related
Party
Transactions.”
Taxation
Beer
Taxation
on beer in the countries where we operate is comprised of excise tax
and
value-added tax. The amount of sales taxes charged on our beer products
in 2004
represented as a percentage of gross sales was: 55.3% in Brazil; 24.6%
in
Canada; 13.1% in Central America; 31.3% in Ecuador; and 31.4% in Venezuela.
A
description of taxation on beer in the markets where Quinsa operates
can be
found in Quinsa’s annual report on Form 20-F, which will be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. Please refer to that description
for an
understanding of the Quinsa market.
Government
decisions to increase taxation on beer may affect significantly the
profitability of our business.
CSD
& NANC
Taxation
on CSD & NANC in the countries where we operate is comprised of excise tax
and value-added tax. The amount of sales taxes charged on our CSD & NANC
products in 2004 represented as a percentage of gross sales was: 46.8%
in
Brazil; 9.0% in the Dominican Republic; and 41.1% in Peru. A description
of
taxation on CSD & NANC in the markets where Quinsa operates can be found in
Quinsa’s annual report on Form 20-F, which will be filed with the Securities
and
Exchange Commission. Please refer to that description for an understanding
of
the Quinsa market.
Government
decisions to increase taxation on CSD & NANC may affect significantly the
profitability of our business.
Organizational
Structure
AmBev
is
55.7% owned by InBev, and is part of the InBev group of companies.
InBev is
currently the world’s largest platform for beer sales, and AmBev is in charge of
operations in South, Central and North America (excluding Cuba and
the United
States).
41
Since
the
merger of CBB into AmBev on May 31, 2005, AmBev conducts the bulk of
its
operations in Brazil directly. It is also the indirect holding company
for
Labatt, the operations of HILA-ex and our stake in Quinsa and QIB.
The following
chart illustrates the ownership structure of AmBev’s principal subsidiaries as
of May 31, 2005 on total share capital owned. For a list of
our material
subsidiaries, see Exhibit 8.1 to this annual
report.
42
Property,
Plant and Equipment
Our
properties consist primarily of brewing, malting, bottling, distribution
and
office facilities in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, the Dominican Republic,
Ecuador,
Guatemala (from which we also serve the beer markets of El Salvador and
Nicaragua), Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela and Quinsa’s brewing, malting,
bottling, distribution and office facilities in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay
and
Uruguay. In May 2005, our beer plant in the metropolitan region of Lima,
Peru,
started operations, and we currently have one beer plant under construction
in
the Dominican Republic, which is expected to start operations in the fourth
quarter of 2005. The capital expenditure requirements to finalize the plant
in
the Dominican Republic are estimated at R$90.8
million. Additionally, in 2005 we closed one brewer in New Westminster,
British
Columbia, Canada, and we have announced the closing of our brewery in Toronto,
Ontario, Canada.
In
2004,
our aggregate beer and soft drink production capacity was 158.1 million
hectoliters per year. Our total annual beer production capacity
was 114.2
million hectoliters. Our total soft drink production capacity was 43.9
million
hectoliters. These figures do not include facilities operated by
Quinsa.
43
The
following is a list of our principal production facilities (excluding facilities
operated by Quinsa):
Brazil
HILA-ex
North
America
Plant
Type
of
Plant
Plant
Type
of
Plant
Plant
Type
of
Plant
Agudos,
São Paulo
Beer
CACN,
Venezuela
Beer
St.
John’s
Beer
Brasília,
Federal District
Beer
Cerveceria
Rio, Guatemala
Beer
Halifax
Beer
Curitiba,
Paraná
Beer
Cerveceria
Suramericana, Ecuador
Beer
Montreal
Beer
Equatorial,
Maranhão
Beer
Huachipa,
Peru
Beer
London
Beer
Estrela,
Rio Grande do Sul
Beer
Toronto(42)
Beer
Goiânia,
Goiás
Beer
Embodom,
Dominican
Republic(1)
Mixed
Edmonton
Beer
Jacareí,
São Paulo
Beer
Creston
Beer
Lages,
Santa Catarina
Beer
Lima,
Peru(2)
Soft
Drinks
New
Westminster(53)
Beer
Montenegro,
Rio Grande do Sul
Beer
Sullana,
Peru
Soft
Drinks
Natal,
Rio Grande do Norte
Beer
Barranca,
Peru(3)
Soft
Drinks
Aguas
da Serra, São Paulo
Beer
Cympay,
Uruguay
Malt
Águas
Claras, Sergipe
Mixed
MUSA,
Uruguay
Malt
Aquiraz,
Rio Grande do Norte
Mixed
Maltería
Pampa, Argentina
Malt
Camaçari,
Bahia
Mixed
Cebrasa,
Goiás
Mixed
Cuiabá,
Mato Grosso
Mixed
Jaguariúna,
São Paulo
Mixed
Jacarepaguá,
Rio de Janeiro
Mixed
João
Pessoa, Paraíba
Mixed
Nordeste,
Pernambuco
Mixed
Nova
Rio, Rio de Janeiro
Mixed
Manaus,
Amazonas
Mixed
Minas,
Minas Gerais
Mixed
Teresina,
Piauí
Mixed
Águas
Claras do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul
Mixed
Curitibana,
Paraná
Soft
drinks
Contagem,
Minas Gerais
Soft
drinks
Jundiaí,
São Paulo
Soft
drinks
Sapucaia,
Rio Grande do Sul
Soft
drinks
Manaus,
Amazonas
Crown
Cap
Manaus,
Amazonas
Concentrate
Maltaria
Navegantes, Rio Grande do Sul
Malt
_____________
(1)
The
Embodom plant’s beer line is currently under
construction.
(2)
The
Toronto brewery will be closed in the second half of 2005 as
part of a
production rationalization plan.
(53)
The
New Westminster brewery was closed in the first half of 2005
as part of a
production rationalization
plan.
44
Operating
and Financial Review and Prospects
OPERATING
RESULTS
Introduction
This
section contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed
in
the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors including, without
limitation, those set forth in “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking
Information” and the matters set forth in this annual report generally.
We
have
prepared our audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2004,
2003 and 2002 and for the three years ended December 31, 2004 in Brazilian
Reais
in
accordance with Brazilian GAAP, which differs in certain significant respects
from U.S. GAAP. The audited financial statements included elsewhere in this
annual report have been prepared in accordance with Brazilian GAAP and include
a
reconciliation of net income and shareholders’ equity to U.S. GAAP, a discussion
of the reconciling differences in accounting principles, and the presentation
of
the U.S. GAAP condensed balance sheets and statements of operations in Brazilian
reais.
AmBev’s
discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations
are
based upon its primary financial statements. As a result, the financial
information and related discussion and analysis contained in this Item are
in
accordance with Brazilian GAAP and figures are in reais,
unless
otherwise stated.
Critical
Accounting Policies
Critical
accounting policies are those that are both important to the portrayal of our
financial condition and results and require our management’s most difficult,
subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates
about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. As the number of
variables and assumptions affecting the possible future resolution of the
uncertainties increase, those judgments become even more subjective and complex.
In order to provide an understanding about how our management forms its
judgments about future events, including the variables and assumptions
underlying the estimates, and the sensitivity of those judgments to different
circumstances, we have identified the following critical accounting
policies:
·
Goodwill,
Intangible Assets and Amortization
·
Pensions,
Employee Benefits and FAHZ Net
assets
·
Contingencies
·
Deferred
tax
·
Accounting
for derivatives
Goodwill,
Intangible Assets and Amortization
We
have
made acquisitions that included a significant amount of goodwill and other
intangible assets, including the acquisition of Labatt Brewing Company Limited,
a corporation organized under the federal laws of Canada, on August 27, 2004.
The accounting for goodwill and intangible assets under Brazilian GAAP remains
unchanged, with goodwill amortized over defined finite periods, as disclosed
in
note 2(k) to our financial statements.
Under
Brazilian GAAP, net goodwill was R$18,170.4 million and R$1,687.3 million at
December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. This was net of accumulated
amortization of R$4,779.1 million and R$689.6 million, respectively,
and
negative goodwill of R$175.1 million and R$176.9 million, respectively. The
amortization charge for the purposes of Brazilian GAAP was R$803.6 million
for
the year ended December 31, 2004 and R$252.4 million for the year ended December31, 2003.
Under
U.S. GAAP, net goodwill was R$13,418.9 million and R$253.5 million at December31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible
Assets,” became effective for acquisitions after
45
June 30,2001. This standard requires that goodwill no longer be amortized but tested
annually for impairment, and we
therefore ceased to amortize goodwill as from January 1, 2002. The amortization
expense under U.S. GAAP related to goodwill was nil for the years ended December31, 2002, 2003 and 2004. Our intangible assets with definite
useful
lives continue to be amortized over the estimated useful lives of these
assets.
Our
goodwill was grouped into reporting units and tested for impairment in 2004,
2003 and 2002 under the guidance of SFAS No. 142. Reassessment of lives of
all
intangible assets and specific tests for impairment of intangible assets with
finite lives will continue to be performed annually to determine the need for
impairment provisions and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that its carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors which could trigger
an
impairment adjustment include the following:
·
significant
underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future
operating results of reporting
units,
·
significant
changes in the manner we used the acquired assets or the strategy
for our
overall business or use of trade names,
or
·
significant
negative industry or economic
trends.
During
2004, as a result of the decision from the Brazilian antitrust authorities
that
AmBev must sell its Marathon brand, we recorded an impairment provision totaling
R$26.1 million. No goodwill impairment existed at December 31, 2003 and 2002.
Employee
Benefits and the
FAHZ Net Assets
The
FAHZ,
one of AmBev’s controlling shareholders, provides medical, dental, educational
and social assistance to our current and retired employees, as well as their
beneficiaries and dependents, as discussed in note 13 (c) to the audited
financial statements included elsewhere in this report. Prior to the combination
with Antarctica, Brahma also provided the same benefits through the Brahma
Welfare Foundation (“BWF”). The assets of BWF were merged into the FAHZ on
October 27, 2000 and the former ceased to exist.
AmBev
can
contribute up to 10% of its consolidated net income to support the FAHZ.
At
December 31, 2004, the FAHZ owned 16.1% of AmBev’s outstanding voting shares and
7.8% of AmBev’s total outstanding shares. See “Major Shareholders and Related
Party Transactions”.
Brazilian
GAAP Accounting
The
FAHZ,
which provides medical and other post-retirement benefits to our employees
in
Brazil, is a legally distinct entity for the purposes of Brazilian
GAAP.
Under Brazilian GAAP, we do not include the assets and liabilities of the
FAHZ
within our financial statements.
Under
Brazilian GAAP, we account for all benefit obligations provided by us, including
those in relation to the FAHZ, in accordance with the IBRACON Accounting
Standard and Procedure NPC No. 26, “Pensions and Post-retirement benefits”. This
standard requires the comprehensive recording of pension obligations and
expenses on an actuarial basis. We elected pursuant to NPC No. 26 to reduce
shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2001 to reflect the accumulated obligation
for the actuarial liability due to the FAHZ by R$40.6 million (R$61.5 million,
net of R$20.9 million deferred tax). We also recorded against our shareholder’s
equity the liability related to the benefits which we provide directly to
our
employees, totaling R$36.7 million (R$55.6 million, net of R$18.9 million
deferred tax), on December 31, 2001. Prior to the implementation of NPC No.
26,
for the year ended December 31, 2000, AmBev expensed all pension and
post-retirement contributions, including those made by AmBev to the FAHZ,
directly to the statement of operations on an accrual basis without recognition
of the actuarial obligation. From January 1, 2002, we recognized in income
a
charge to pensions and post-retirement benefits to reflect the change in
the
actuarial obligation, less the fair value of plan assets and the effect of
deferrals.
Plan
assets of the AmBev Pension Fund (“IAPP”) include amounts contributed by AmBev
and its employees and amounts earned from investing the contributions, less
benefits paid. Following an actuarial review of the defined benefits plan
which
had been closed to new participants, the net assets at December 31, 2004
were
46
considered
to be in excess of that required to meet the projected benefit obligation.
Although AmBev will reduce future employer contributions to the minimum
permitted by law, Brazilian pension regulations currently provide
no means
for
returning this surplus to the sponsor. In view of this uncertainty, on December31, 2004, AmBev included in the actuarial determination of the pension
obligation at December 31, 2004 and 2003 a valuation allowance of R$195.2
million and R$167.1 million against the plan assets. This allowance affected
the
pension charge/benefit as from 2003.
U.S.
GAAP Accounting
Under
U.S. GAAP, the net
assets of the FAHZ, excluding the actuarial liability and its operating
expenses, are included in the determination of shareholders’ equity and net
income of AmBev, as such assets are not considered to be plan assets as defined
by SFAS No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Post-retirement Benefits Other than
Pensions”, since they are not segregated and restricted between active and
retired employees.
Under
U.S. GAAP, we account for post-retirement benefits in accordance with SFAS
No.
106 “Employees Accounting for Post-retirement Benefits and Other Obligations”.
We have recorded an accrued liability, based on independent actuarial reports
at
the end of each period, for the retirement element of the obligations applicable
to the FAHZ.
Several
statistical data and other factors which attempt to anticipate future events
are
used in calculating the expense and liability related to our pension and
employee benefit plans. These factors include assumptions about the discount
rate, expected return on plan assets and rate of future compensation increases
as determined by us, within certain guidelines. In addition, our actuarial
consultants also use subjective factors, such as withdrawal, turnover and
mortality rates. The actuarial assumptions we use may differ materially from
our
actual results, due to changing market and economic conditions, regulatory
events, judicial rulings, higher or lower withdrawal rates or longer or shorter
life spans of participants.
Contingencies
The
preparation of our financial statements requires our management to make
estimates and assumptions regarding contingencies which affect the valuation
of
assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the revenues
and expenses during the reported period. The most significant of these are
as
follows:
Legal
contingencies
We
are
currently involved in certain legal proceedings, as discussed in “Financial
Information—Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Financial
Information—Legal Proceedings”. In the future, management may make decisions
which impact the structure, operations, and staffing of the company, which
may
result in further claims. Fundamental changes in economic conditions may also
result in similar restructuring strategies. We have recorded liabilities on
pending litigation based on the advice of external legal counsel and on
estimates of the amounts and the range of the losses. Unless impacted by changes
in accounting standards and practices, we intend to continue to record these
liabilities in the same manner, based on our assessment of the exposures at
that
time. However, our assumptions and estimates may change in the future based
on
our assessment of any given situation, which may result in changes in future
provisioning for legal claims.
Labor
claims
Management
is required to make estimates of the potential losses on outstanding labor
claims based on the advice of external legal counsel on the likelihood of
successful outcome. When external counsels advise us that it is probable that
our case will not prevail we record provisions against these exposures based
on
estimated loss amounts. Brazilian employment and labor legislation is extensive
and complex, giving rise to many claims from current and former employees
against us or our subsidiaries. These claims relate principally to overtime,
dismissals, severance,
47
health
and safety, supplementary retirement benefits and other matters.
Tax
contingencies
The
complexity of the Brazilian corporate fiscal environment often results in
disputes over a number of different taxes. We are currently involved in certain
tax proceedings and have filed claims to avoid payment of taxes that we do
not
believe are constitutional. As discussed in note 13 to our financial
statements, we have accrued the costs
for
the resolution of the losses when we consider loss of our claim to be probable.
The tax contingencies relate primarily to value-added sales and excise taxes,
taxes on revenue and income taxes and are described in detail in the financial
statements. The estimates are developed based on the advice of external legal
counsel and upon an analysis of potential results. We do not believe these
proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our financial position.
It is
possible, however, that future results of operations could be materially
affected by changes in our assumptions, and the effectiveness of our strategies
with respect to these proceedings.
Unrecognized
exposures
Brazilian
GAAP and U.S. GAAP require
us
to provide for every legal or tax claim on the balance sheet which we consider
loss to be probable. We have estimated the total exposures of possible losses,
which are not recorded as liabilities, to be R$1,241.1 million at December31,2004. In addition, during the first quarter of 2005, we received a number of
assessments from Brazilian tax authorities relating to earnings of our foreign
subsidiaries, in the total amount of approximately R$3,000.0 million.
Based on the advise of external counsel, we believe that such assessments are
without merit and haven not made any provision in connection therewith.
We
have estimated the total exposures of possible (but not probable) losses, which
are not recorded as liabilities, to be of approximately R$2,000.0 million in
connection with those assessments, and the remaining is estimated to
be a
remote loss. We believe that our estimates are based on reasonable
assumptions and assessments of external legal counsel, but should the worst
case
scenario develop, subjecting us to losses in all cases, our net impact on the
statement of operations would be an expense for this amount.
Deferred
tax
We
recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between
the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of our assets and
liabilities. We regularly review the deferred tax assets for recoverability
and
will only recognize these if we believe that it is probable (under Brazilian
GAAP) or more-likely-than not (under U.S. GAAP) that there will be sufficient
taxable profit against any temporary differences that can be utilized, based
on
historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, and the expected
timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences. Pursuant to CVM
regulations, under Brazilian GAAP, we must demonstrate that we will recover
the
tax assets discounted to present value based on expected realization dates,
within a 10-year period, even though these credits have no prescription period
for Brazilian tax law purposes.
In
the
event we or one of our subsidiaries operate at a loss or are unable to generate
sufficient future taxable income, or if there is a material change in the actual
effective tax rates or time period within which the underlying temporary
differences become taxable or deductible, we evaluate the need to establish
a
valuation allowance against all or a significant portion of our deferred tax
assets resulting in an increase in our effective tax rate.
We
do not
record deferred tax liabilities on the earnings generated by our foreign
subsidiaries. Based on the advice of external counsel, we concluded that these
earnings are not taxable on remittance to Brazil. The Brazilian fiscal
authorities introduced new legislation in the third quarter of 2001 to, among
other measures, subject offshore earnings to income tax in Brazil from December31, 2002, regardless of whether earnings have been remitted to Brazil. We
continue to believe that the current tax initiatives that we are undertaking
will not result in taxes on these earnings, based on the advice of external
counsel and we have not therefore recorded a liability for such taxes in our
financial statements.
As
part
of the 1997 Pepsi
transaction, we acquired the conditional right to certain tax assets. Had we
utilized the assets within the period which expired in October 2002, 80% of
the
benefit would have been returned to the seller. Under Brazilian GAAP and U.S.
GAAP, we recognized 20% of the tax asset at the time of the acquisition and
recorded a valuation allowance against the 80%. During 2002, as we were
confident that it was more likely than not that the further 80% would be
recovered under U.S. GAAP, we recorded a tax benefit of R$148.0 million in
2002
to reflect the tax loss carry forwards no longer subject to contingent
utilization. This amount was taken directly as a benefit to the statement of
operations under U.S. GAAP, as opposed to an increase in the goodwill of the
Pepsi transaction, to reflect the lifting of the restrictions which placed
recoverability in doubt. We did not record the tax
48
asset
equivalent to 80% of the available tax losses under Brazilian GAAP until 2003,
after we met the more stringent rules of the CVM.
Certain
other tax assets arising from the Brazilian GAAP purchase accounting adjustments
at the time of the Brahma and Antarctica combination and the subsequent
downstream merger of Antarctica have not been recorded as recovery is not
presently considered probable.
Accounting
for derivatives
Brazilian
GAAP Accounting
We
enter
into foreign currency forward, swap and future contract agreements (principally
for U.S. dollars) to mitigate foreign exchange risk on U.S. dollar-denominated
debt, financing of imports and payables to foreign suppliers. These agreements
are marked-to-market and recorded at the lower of cost plus interest and market
value. The unrealized gains and losses on these financial instruments are
reported in the statement of operations and included in “Financial income” and
“Financial expenses”.
Brazilian
GAAP requires us to disclose the fair value of financial instruments at the
balance sheet date but does not require us to record the unrealized
marked-to-market fair value gains in income in the year. The estimated fair
value amounts have been determined by the Company using available market
information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable
judgment is necessarily required in interpreting market data to develop the
estimates of fair value. In summary, the accounting adjustments made to reflect
our derivative operations generally fall into one of the following three
categories:
(i)
Financial
instruments utilized to mitigate commodity price and foreign currency
risk
related to programmed purchases of raw materials are recorded at cost
plus accrued interest with the corresponding realized and
unrealized
gains or losses recognized in inventories. Gains and losses on purchases
for which we have not yet taken delivery are included in other assets.
Gains and losses are recognized in our results as “Cost of sales” when the
corresponding products are sold. When these instruments are effected
to
mitigate operating expenses the results are recorded in the corresponding
accounts.
(ii)
Other
financial instruments utilized to manage foreign currency cash flow
exposure are recorded at the lower of cost or market and the realized
and
unrealized gains and losses on these financial instruments are reported
in
the statement of operations as Financial income and Financial
expenses.
(iii)
In
the event we decide to cancel the effect of the swaps, we at times
enter
into contracts with corresponding offsetting positions, with an identical
value at maturity, and settlement date and restatement index. This
procedure is more cost efficient than entering into new hedge contracts.
These financial instruments are measured and recorded based on the
lower
of fair value or cost plus accrued interest (the “yield
curve”).
Commodities
Financial
instruments used to mitigate commodity price risk are recorded at cost plus
accrued interest. Unrealized losses at December 31, 2004 on outstanding
contracts totaled R$45.3 million and will be recognized in the statement of
operations when the products are sold. Realized gains on commodity contracts
closed during 2004 amounted to R$8.3 million and these were recognized as Cost
of Sales in the statement of operations to match the associated commodity
currency cost.
Interest
and Foreign Currencies
The
fair
values of these financial assets provide a shelter for the currency and interest
rate risks accruing from the financial liabilities. Although the Company’s
intention is to maintain these assets, they could be realized at the Company’s
discretion. Should these instruments be settled only on their respective
maturity dates, the negative effect between the market value and estimated
yield
curve of the instruments would be totally eliminated. Had the
49
Company
been able to adopt the same criterion to recognize its financial liabilities
at
market value, it would have presented an unrealized pre-tax loss of
approximately R$602.6 million at December 31, 2004 as follows:
Financial
liabilities
Book
value
Fair
value
Unrealized
gain
(loss
)
Notes
R$2,701.1
R$3,265.7
R$(564.6
)
C$
Labatt Series A Notes
434.2
466.1
(31.9
)
U.S.$
Labatt Series B Notes
111.7
117.8
(6.1
)
R$3,247.0
R$3,849.6
R$(602.6
)
U.S.
GAAP Accounting
All
derivative financial instrument agreements not designated as hedges are
marked-to-market and the realized and unrealized gains and losses on these
financial instruments used to manage foreign currency exposures are reported
in
the statement of operations and included in “Financial income” and “Financial
expenses”.
The
Company believes that swap quotations obtained are reasonable when compared
with
information on similar financial instruments traded in the Bolsa de Mercadorias
& Futuros (“BM&F”) and that the internally developed valuation
methodology is consistent with methodologies used by other participants in
the
swap market in Brazil and its results reasonably reflect the amount that would
be paid or received to settle the swap on the valuation date.
Intense
volatility in the foreign exchange and interest rate markets in Brazil observed
during 2002 has caused significant changes in forward rates and interest rates
over very short periods of time, generating significant changes in the fair
value of such cross-currency interest rate swaps over such periods.
Consolidation
of less than majority owned subsidiaries
Under
Brazilian GAAP, we record joint-ventures, including investees in which we share
control through our participation in a stockholders’ agreement under the
proportional consolidation method.
For
purposes of U.S. GAAP, the subsidiaries that are accounted for under Brazilian
GAAP on a proportional consolidation basis are recorded as equity in affiliates
under the equity method of accounting.
We
do not
have any variable interest entities at December 31, 2004 which would
be
required to be consolidated under the provisions of FASB’s Financial
Interpretation Fin 46-R “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (revised
December 2003)”.
U.S.
GAAP Reconciliation
Our
net
income in accordance with Brazilian GAAP was R$1,161.5 million in 2004,
R$1,411.6 million in 2003 and R$1,510.3 million in 2002. Under U.S. GAAP, we
would have reported net income of R$1,392.0 million in 2004, R$1,689.4 million
in 2003 and R$1,642.2 million in 2002.
Our
shareholders’ equity in accordance with Brazilian GAAP was R$16,955.9 in 2004,
R$4,308.2 million in 2003 and R$4,129.6 million in 2002. Under U.S. GAAP, we
would have reported shareholders’ equity of R$17,720.3 in 2004, R$4,382.9
million in 2003 and R$3,960.6 million in 2002.
The
principal differences between Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP that affected our
net
income in 2002, 2003 and 2004, as well as shareholders’ equity at December 31,2002, 2003 and 2004, relate to the treatment of the following
items:
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, the combination of the two predecessor companies
Brahma
and Antarctica was accounted for as a merger at a book value; for
the
purposes of U.S. GAAP, the transaction was treated as an acquisition
by
Brahma of Antarctica at fair market
value;
50
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, goodwill arises from the difference between the amount
paid and the book value of the net assets acquired. Under U.S. GAAP,
fair
values are assigned to assets, call option and liabilities assumed
in
business combinations, including intangible assets and unallocated
goodwill. Non-cash consideration paid under U.S. GAAP, when the
consideration includes assets contributed, shares and put options,
is
determined based on fair values. The changes in the fair value of
the BAC
put option were recorded in income;
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP inflation accounting was discontinued effective January1,1996. Prior to that date, Brazilian GAAP statements included indexation
adjustments which partially accounted for the effect of inflation
on
property, plant and equipment, investments, deferred charges and
shareholders’ equity, and reported the net charge or credit in the
statement of operations; for the purposes of U.S. GAAP, Brazil ceased
to
be treated as a highly inflationary economy only as from January1, 1998.
Therefore the financial information for purposes of U.S. GAAP for
the
two-year period ended December 31, 1997 includes additional
inflation
restatement adjustments made by applying the IGP-M to permanent assets
and
shareholders’ equity. This results in additional depreciation charges as
at December 31, 2004, 2003 and
2002;
·
The
net assets of FAHZ, which provides medical, dental, educational
and social
assistance to current and former employees, have been included
in our
consolidated financial statements for the purposes of U.S. GAAP
because
the plan assets are not segregated between current and retired
employees.
Under Brazilian GAAP, we have not included the FAHZ. See “Critical
Accounting Policies—Employee Benefits and the Consolidation of the
FAHZ”;
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, certain contractual tax related assets arising from
the
Pepsi transaction in 1997 were recognized in 2003 when probability
of
recovery was assured; for purposes of U.S. GAAP in 2002 when realization
was considered more likely than not, we reversed a tax valuation
allowance
benefiting earnings as most of the intangible assets in respect of
the
Pepsi transaction had been
amortized;
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, advances to employees for purchase of shares are
recorded
as an asset and the interest accrued credited to income. Under U.S.
GAAP,
as the advances are collateralized by the stock issued under the
stock
ownership plan, the loan is reported as a deduction from shareholders’
equity;
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, prior to December 31, 2001, the expenses related
to
pension plans and other post-retirement benefits were recognized
on an
accrual basis only to the extent of required contributions for the
relevant year or financial period. These expenses were fully recorded
on
an actuarial basis under U.S. GAAP. A valuation reserve recorded
against
surplus plan assets under Brazilian GAAP was reversed for
purposes of
U.S. GAAP for all periods;
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, financing charges from borrowings used in construction
were not capitalized prior to 1996; for the purposes of U.S. GAAP,
capitalization of the interest expense on borrowed funds, excluding
foreign exchange losses, during construction of major facilities
is
recognized as part of the cost of the related
assets;
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, the rights to acquire AmBev’s shares granted to employees,
officers and directors under the stock ownership plan do not result
in any
expense being recorded. Under U.S. GAAP, in accordance with APB 25,
Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, the rights to acquire AmBev’s
shares granted under the stock ownership plan is deemed to give rise
to
compensation expense to the extent of the excess market price of
the
shares over the purchase price to employees, officers and
directors;
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, foreign exchange gains or losses arising from the
translation of foreign subsidiaries and investees to the real
are
recorded in earnings. For purposes of U.S. GAAP, these translation
gains
and losses are recorded as cumulative translation adjustments in
other
comprehensive income.
51
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, dividends proposed by management are required to
be
accrued in our financial statements; for the purposes of U.S. GAAP,
these
may not be accrued until ratified by a shareholders’
meeting;
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, goodwill is amortized; for purposes of U.S. GAAP,
beginning on January 1, 2002, goodwill is no longer amortized but
tested
annually for impairment;
·
There
are a number of expenses and charges which can be capitalized and
deferred
under Brazilian GAAP, which are expensed under U.S. GAAP;
and
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, certain derivative instruments are recorded at the
lower
of cost plus accrued interest and fair market value. Under U.S. GAAP,
SFAS
No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets
or
liabilities and measure those instruments at fair value. As these
transactions do not meet the requirements to qualify for hedge accounting
under SFAS No. 133, unrealized gains are recorded in our results
of
operations under U.S. GAAP.
Our
audited financial statements included elsewhere in this report provide for
a
fuller description of these differences and a reconciliation of net income
and
total shareholders’ equity from Brazilian GAAP to U.S. GAAP.
Accounting
Aspects and Impact of the Quinsa Transaction
Under
Brazilian GAAP we record our interest on the net assets and financial results
of
Quinsa based on the proportional consolidation method (i.e. line-by-line).
For
U.S. GAAP purposes our interest in Quinsa is accounted for under the equity
method beginning the year ending December 31, 2003.
Quinsa
is
a SEC registered entity and files its financial statements prepared in U.S.
dollars under Luxembourg GAAP with a reconciliation of shareholders’ equity and
net income (loss) to U.S. GAAP.
On
January 31, 2003, we acquired 37.5% of the total capital of Quinsa from BAC
and
Quinsa and 8.6% of the shares of QIB from Heineken. Quinsa owned at that
time
85.0% of QIB. As a result, at January 31, 2003, we had a total 40.475% economic
interest in Quinsa. During 2003, we acquired an additional 12.0 million Class
B
shares of Quinsa in the open market, increasing our total economic interest
in
Quinsa to 47.99% at December 31, 2003. As Quinsa has repurchased some of
its own
shares during 2004, our economic interest increased to 54.8% as of December31,2004. As of May 2005, our total economic interest in Quinsa increased
to 55.2%. AmBev and BAC are parties to a shareholders’ agreement whereby each
shareholder exercises 50% control over the operations of Quinsa and its
subsidiaries. Accordingly, under Brazilian GAAP, Quinsa has been since January31, 2003 proportionally consolidated and under U.S. GAAP, Quinsa has been
accounted for under the equity method. For further details on the acquisition,
the business of Quinsa and antitrust matters, refer to “Information on the
Company—AmBev Business Overview—Acquisition of Interest in
Quinsa.”
In
order
to provide comparable data to demonstrate the impact of the acquisition of
our
interest in Quinsa on our results and trends in 2003 and 2004, we have included
in the tables below certain key financial indicators as at December 31, 2003
and
2004 and the combination of those balances with the AmBev balances before and
after the proportional consolidation of Quinsa. Our consolidated financial
statements, prepared under Brazilian GAAP, included our investment in Quinsa
on
a proportional consolidation basis (i.e. line-by-line).
Quinsa
carries out a significant portion of its business in Argentina. Since the fourth
quarter of 1998, the Argentine economy has been in a recession, and during
the
second half of 2001, the recession worsened significantly, precipitating a
political and economic crisis. Changes to Argentine law in connection with
the
economic crisis in Argentina have had a significant impact on Quinsa’s
operations. As a result, historical financial statements are not indicative
of
Quinsa’s current financial position or anticipated results of operations or
business prospects, all of which have been materially and adversely affected
by
the economic crisis since December 31, 2001. Further information is available
in
Quinsa’s annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31,2004 to be filed with the SEC. Documents filed by Quinsa with the SEC, including
its 2004 Annual Report and any information therein, are not incorporated by
reference in this annual report.
At
December 31, 2003, a substantial portion of the financings incurred by Quinsa’s
subsidiaries in Argentina was denominated in U.S. dollars. The devaluation
of
the Argentine Peso and the economic crisis in Argentina, mainly in 2002,
restricted the ability of these subsidiaries to generate sufficient cash flows
to meet the
53
obligations
falling due on the dates originally determined for liabilities denominated
in
foreign currency. The management of Quinsa and its subsidiaries renegotiated
the
maturity terms with financial institutions. At December 31, 2004, a substantial
portion of these financings continue to be denominated in U.S.
dollars.
As
of
December 31, 2004, we reclassified U.S.$4.7 million (U.S. $4.3 million
in
2003) of Quinsa’s long-term debt, with respect to which Quinsa was not in
compliance with certain covenants, to current liabilities. See—“Liquidity
and Capital Resources—Long-term Debt.”
Accounting
Aspects and Implications of the Labatt Acquisition
The
acquisition of our interest in Labatt was
consummated on August 27, 2004, with the merger of Mergeco, the holding company
of Labatt, into AmBev. The balance sheet data of Labatt as
at
December 31, 2004 was fully consolidated into our audited financial statemetns
as at December 31, 2004, and will continue to be fully consolidated for future
periods. The results of operations for Labatt were fully consolidated
for
the period from August 27, 2004 until December 31, 2004 in our
audited consolidated financial statements, and will continue to be fully
consolidated for future periods. The total amount of the acquisition,
R$
14,441.0 million was recorded in our financial statements as a pooling of
interests with the following entries: (i) increase of AmBev’s capital
stock by
R$ 1,600.7 million; and (ii) increase of additional paid-in capital, a capital
reserve, by R$ 12,840.3 million. See notes 1(ii), 7, 8 of our audited
consolidated financial statements for more information.
Under
U.S. GAAP, we acccounted for the transaction using the purchase method of
accounting with AmBev as the accounting acquirer. We accounted for this
transaction as if AmBev had acquired Labatt Canada directly in order to
determine the amount of goodwill to be recorded by AmBev. The
U.S.
GAAP accounting was based on the substantive participating rights that FAHZ
enjoys under the AmBev Shareholders' Agreement.
The
purchase consideration of R$14,243.8 million was determined based on the
fair
value of the shares issued by AmBev at March 3, 2005, which was considered
to be
the measurement date for this transaction. Goodwill arising from the acquisition
of Labatt under U.S. GAAP totaled R$12,950.5 million and was determined as
the
excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of the net assets
acquired.
In
order
to provide a better understanding of the impact of the acquisition of our
interest in Labatt financial statements as of and for the year ended December31, 2004, we have included in the tables below certain key financial indicators
as at December 31, 2004 and the consolidation of those balances with the
AmBev
balances.
(*) An
account receivable balance equivalent to R$ 268.7 was recorded on December31,2004. See note 1(ii) to our consolidated financial statements for more
information.
54
Other
Acquisitions/Dispositions and Accounting Implications
Industrias
Del Atlántico
On
October 24, 2002, AmBev and The Central America Bottling Corporation, or
CabCorp, entered into a joint-venture agreement, setting forth rights and
obligations for the creation of a strategic regional alliance to collaborate
in,
among other things, the production, importation, distribution, marketing and
sale of AmBev’s products, especially beer in Guatemala, and other Central
American countries. On August 12, 2003, Monthiers, an indirect subsidiary of
AmBev, subscribed for 573,092 shares of common stock of Industrias del Atlántico
S.A. (“IDA”), a Guatemalan company formerly controlled by CabCorp, representing
50% plus one share of the outstanding issued and outstanding common stock of
IDA. As consideration, Monthiers contributed to IDA U.S.$7.2 million in debt
of
IDA relating to credits that CBB held against IDA. These credits had arisen
from
the importation by IDA of certain goods and equipment from CBB and that had
been
transferred to Monthiers.
Embodom
In
February 2004, AmBev acquired 51% of capital stock of Embodom, located in the
Dominican Republic, for approximately R$204.9
million,
generating goodwill at the amount of R$173.4 million. In December 2004,
AmBev recalculated the goodwill due to adjustments in the shareholders’ equity
basis for the acquisition due to interest losses deriving from capitalizations
made by AmBev and set forth in the acquisition agreement, resulting in an
adjustment at the net amount of R$24.0 million.
Compañia
Cervecera AmBev Peru S.A.C.
On
October 31, 2003, through our subsidiary Companhia Cervecera AmBev Perú S.A.C.,
AmBev acquired certain assets of Embotelladora Rivera in Peru for approximately
R$86.7 million. These assets include two soft drinks plants, which combined
have
an estimated production capacity of 6.3 million hectoliters per year, and other
sales and distribution assets in Lima. Contemporaneously with this acquisition,
AmBev became PepsiCo’s exclusive bottler for Northern Peru and Lima.
Embotteladora Rivera will sell and distribute our beer and soft drinks products
in Northern Peru. Our beer plant in Peru has been fully operational since May,
2005.
Cerveceria
SurAmericana (currently
Compania Cervecera AmBev Ecuador S.A. (“AmBev Ecuador”))
In
December 2003, we acquired 80% of the capital of AmBev Ecuador, located in
Ecuador, for a total consideration of R$105.6 million,resulting
in negative goodwill of R$18.5 million.
Astra
During
the months of June and July 2002, CBB, a then wholly-owned subsidiary of AmBev,
increased its participation in the total capital of Astra from 73.1% to 93.6%,
through the purchase of Águia S.A.’s stake in Astra. Through 2002, CBB purchased
shares from minority shareholders and increased its participation in the total
capital of Astra to 96.7%. The 2002 stock purchase consideration totaled R$128.5
million, including R$94.3 million of goodwill. During 2003, Astra was merged
into CBB as part of our tax planning strategy, and a goodwill totaling R$146.3
million was reclassified to deferred charges for purposes of Brazilian GAAP.
No
such reclassification was made under U.S. GAAP.
IBANN
On
November 1, 2001, the shareholders of AmBev and the minority shareholders of
IBANN, a subsidiary of CBB (and a former Antarctica subsidiary), consummated
a
share exchange and approved the acquisition of the remaining interest (35.0%)
in
IBANN by AmBev. AmBev issued 526,210,199 shares, of which 96,712,635 were common
shares and 429,497,564 were preferred shares in exchange for 17.1% and 45.4%
of
the common and preferred shares the minorities held in IBANN, and recorded
a
capital increase of R$298.3 million. On December 10, 2001, we announced
that we would pay R$242.2 million to the minority shareholders of IBANN who
exercised their appraisal rights in lieu of accepting the share exchange. Under
Brazilian GAAP, we accounted for this as a separate transaction, in effect
a
share buy-back, and recorded it as an increase in treasury shares. Under
Brazilian GAAP, no goodwill was recognized on this transaction, although a
capital gain of R$18.2 million was
55
recognized
in the statement of operations to reflect the difference in the net book value
of the assets pertaining to the minority shareholders and the appraised book
value calculated in the previous three months. For the purposes of U.S. GAAP,
we
believe that this transaction was inseparable from the acquisition itself and
that the capital paid to IBANN minority shareholders was part of the
consideration for the purchase.
Bavaria
On
November 6, 2000, we entered into stock and distribution agreements providing
for the sale of Bavaria S.A. to Molson Inc. See “Information on the Company—The
Brahma –Antartica
Combination – Creation of AmBev and Brazilian Antitrust Approval”. The total
contingent consideration for the sale was R$416.1 million, of which
R$191.4 million was received at that time. The remaining
R$224.7 million would be payable to us by Molson subject to the Bavaria
brand reaching certain market share thresholds. We have not recorded this
as an
asset on the balance sheet. Unless otherwise stated, the historical operating
and financial data of AmBev includes the operations of Bavaria through October31, 2000.
Pepsi
In
1997,
we acquired the Pepsi bottlers in southern and southeastern Brazil and the
exclusive rights to produce, sell and distribute PepsiCo soft drink products
in
northeastern Brazil. These rights were supeerceded by subsequent
agreements with PepsiCo. See “Additional
Information—Material
Contracts”.
Under
Brazilian GAAP, the shareholders’ equity of these bottlers at the date of
acquisition was zero, and since we paid a nominal amount for the business,
no
goodwill was recognized. Under U.S. GAAP, however, the acquisition gave rise
to
R$43.8 million of goodwill as of December 31, 1997 (which was being amortized
over a 10-year period). In 1999, we obtained the exclusive rights to produce,
sell and distribute PepsiCo soft drink products throughout Brazil. See
“Information on the Company—AmBev Business Overview—Our Products and
Brands”.
Effect
of Direct Distribution on Results of Operations
Historically,
both Brahma and Antarctica distributed their products through exclusive
third-party distribution networks. In the second half of 1997, Brahma began
to
implement the direct distribution of its products. The positive impact generated
in our results led us to the decision to shift part of our sales to a direct
distribution system in many of our operations.
As
the
proportion of our net sales made through direct distribution rises, our results
of operations are affected as follows:
·
Net
sales increases. Net sales made through direct distribution are
greater
than net sales made through third-parties. Under direct distribution,
we
receive a higher price for our products since we are selling directly
to
retail stores, capturing the gross margin previously retained by
distributors.
·
We
incur transportation costs. When we sell our products directly,
we incur
freight costs in transporting our products between our plant and
the point
of sale, which are included in our cost of sales under U.S. GAAP
and in
our direct distribution expenses under Brazilian
GAAP.
·
Our
sales, general and administrative expenses increase. Under the
third-party
distribution system, the salesperson is an employee of the distributor,
while under direct distribution, the salesperson is our employee.
As
direct distribution grows, we incur additional direct distribution
expenses from the hiring of additional employees which are offset
by the
increase in net sales.
Our
working capital needs increase. Under our direct distribution system, we
extend
limited credit to some points of sale, based on market rates with terms ranging
from two to twenty-one days. Accordingly, as we increase direct distribution
to
the points of sale, our receivables increase.
56
Foreign
Currency Effects
We
have
significant amounts of U.S. dollar-denominated assets and liabilities
and
operating expenses denominated in or linked to U.S. dollars. However,
a
substantial majority of our revenues are generated in currencies which
exchange
rate to the U.S. dollar may present significant volatility.
Fluctuations
in the exchange rate to the U.S. dollar of currencies in which our revenues
are
generated may cause the following impact on our results of
operations:
·
Increases
in our cost of sales and operating expenses, negatively impacting
our
profit margins. Historically, we have been able to raise prices
to
partially offset cost and expenses increases. However, during
periods of
rapid devaluation or when the rate of devaluation significantly
exceeds
that of inflation, we may not be able to raise prices at a
rate sufficient
to offset our cost and expenses increases, or to recover such
cost and
expenses increases in future periods. For risk management purposes,
we may
decide to hedge the whole or part of our cost and expenses
exposure in
U.S. dollars in order to avoid short term volatility in our
results.
·
Volatility
in our financial results, for the effects of fluctuations in
exchange
rates on our U.S. dollar transactions (i.e., cash, cash equivalents,
short-term investments, investments abroad, loans and the unrealized
gains
and losses from foreign currency and interest rate swap contracts,
among
others) are recorded as financial income, financial expense
and operating
income (expense), net in our statements of
operations.
We
have
policies designed to manage commodity and currency risks to protect our
U.S.
dollar denominated transactions and net assets from the significant devaluations
of the currencies in which we operate. We may enter into commodity and
cross-currency interest rate swap contracts to offset gains or losses
generated
by our U.S. dollar denominated transactions and loans.According to Brazilian
accounting principles, liabilities must be recorded on an accrual basis
rather
than at market value, while assets must be recorded at the lower of their
market
value or accrual value.
Commodities
Price Effects
·
AmBev
has a significant exposure to fluctuations in the price of aluminum,
which
increased by approximately 22% during 2004, increasing our cost of
sales.
For risk management purposes, we entered into hedging agreements
during
2004, which had a positive impact on our results in 2004. Another
significant exposure relates to fluctuations in the price of sugar,
which
decreased approximately 59% during 2004, increasing our cost of sales.
57
Taxes
Taxes
on income
Income
taxes in Brazil are comprised of federal income tax and social contribution
(which is an additional federal income tax). The composite statutory rate
applicable for the year ended on December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 was 34%.
For
the years of 2004, 2003 and 2002, our Brazilian GAAP effective tax rate was
a
charge of 30.5% in 2004, a charge of 23.2% in 2003 and a benefit of 23.7% in
2002.
The
major
reasons for the differences between the effective tax rates and the Brazilian
composite statutory rates have been: (i) benefits arising from tax-deductible
payments of interest on shareholders’ equity without an interest charge in
pre-tax income; (ii) certain non-deductible expenses; (iii) earnings from
offshore companies not subject to different foreign tax rates; (iv) valuation
allowances against net operating losses and reversals; (v) non-taxable benefits
arising from State value-added incentive programs; (vi) amortization
of
goodwill according Brazilian tax legislation; (vii) tax losses carry
forward; and (viii) re-filings of tax returns following changes in
interpretation of certain deductions
Under
U.S. GAAP, we recorded a benefit of R$148.0 million in 2002 corresponding to
80%
of the current value of tax loss carry forwards acquired at the time of the
Pepsi transaction in 1997 which had been subject to certain restrictions through
October 2002. Under Brazilian GAAP, which uses a different measurement
criterion, this Pepsi tax asset was recorded as a credit to results in
2003.
Tax
losses available for offset
We
had
recorded tax loss carryforward assets available for offset of R$1,090.9 million
as of December 31, 2004. Income tax losses available for offset in Brazil do
not
expire; however, the annual offset is limited to 30% of pretax income.
New
legislation was introduced in the third quarter of 2001 to subject offshore
earnings to income tax in Brazil regardless of whether earnings have been
remitted to Brazil and to restrict tax planning measures that have been
available to companies in Brazil, including those we have made use of in the
past. Although we do not believe that earnings that have been accumulated
offshore will be taxed, the tax authorities may challenge our position on this
matter and as a result our access to effective tax planning measures may be
restricted in the future.
In
2004,
AmBev revised how it reports its operating results to better reflect the
expanding geographical scope of its business. Previously, our operating results
were categorized into four primary business segments: Beer Brazil, CSD and
NANC,
Other Products and International Operations. In order to provide a more
meaningful presentation of AmBev’s operations outside Brazil as that became a
more significant portion of AmBev’s operations, our reports now reflect the
following three business segments:
·
Brazil,
consisting of:
–
Beer
Brazil;
–
CSD
& NANC Brazil - carbonated soft drinks and non-alcoholic,
non-carbonated segments; and
–
Other
products.
·
Hispanic
Latin America - HILA,
consisting of:
–
Quinsa
– represents AmBev’s stake in Quinsa (54.8% as of December 31, 2004),
which operates in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay;
and
58
–
HILA-ex
– represents AmBev’s other operations in Latin America, where we
distribute beer (Peru, Ecuador, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua
and
Venezuela) and soft drinks (Dominican Republic and
Peru).
·
North
America,
consisting of Labatt’s operations, including domestic sales in Canada and
exports to the USA.
AmBev’s
operations in Brazil (“AmBev Brazil” or “Brazilian Operations”) reflect the Beer
operations in Brazil, our carbonated soft drinks (“CSD”) and non-alcoholic,
non-carbonated beverages (“NANC”) operations and other products. Our HILA
Operations correspond to what we formerly referred to as our International
Operations. Our North America business segment currently consists primarily
of
Labatt’s operations. As we had no sales outside of our Brazilian Operations and
our former International Operations, now HILA Operations, until 2004,
application of our new reporting methodology to prior periods does not result
in
any material changes to the reports previously made available for those
periods.
The
following table sets forth the consolidated financial highlights of AmBev for
the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003:
Consolidated
Financial Highlights
2004
2003
%
Change
Brazilian
GAAP
(R$
in millions, except volume amounts, percentages and per share
amounts)
Total
beverage sales volume combines AmBev’s own beverage volume with its
ownership percentage share of volume in Quinsa.
(2)
Does
not include depreciation recorded on production assets which is
recorded
within cost of sales, nor amortization of goodwill which is within
Other
operating income, net.
(3)
Calculated
based on year-end number of shares, excluding treasury
shares.
(4)
Under
Brazilian GAAP, operating income includes net financial
expense.
Margin
Analysis
The
following table sets forth certain items in our statement of operations
expressed as percentages of net sales for the years ended December 31, 2004
and
2003:
(1) North
America’s results reflect the consolidation of Labatt’s operating results
from August 27, 2004 through December 31,2004.
Net
Sales
Net
sales
increased by 38.3% for the year ended December 31, 2004 to R$12,006.8 million
from R$8,683.8 million in the same period in 2003. This increase was a result
of
an organic growth of 12.0% and a contribution of R$2,278.7 million of new
investments made during 2004.
Net
sales
from our Brazilian Operations increased by 11.6% for the year ended
December 31, 2004 to R$8,525.9 million from R$7,637.7 million in the
same
period in 2003, primarily as a result of growth in beer and CSD & NANC
sales.
Beer
Brazil.
Net
sales of beer in Brazil increased by 13.0% for the year ended December 31,2004
to R$6,907.4 million from R$6,114.6 million in the same period in 2003. This
was
due to a 4.6% increase in volumes sold as a result of a 1.8% increase in the
Brazilian beer market, according to ACNielsen, and a higher market share in
the
period (66.2% in the year ended December 31, 2004 compared to 67.2 % in the
same
period in 2003). Net sales per hectoliter increased by 8.0% to R$119.6/hl in
2004 from R$110.7/hl in 2003, mainly as a result of punctual price adjustments
implemented during 2004 and greater contribution in the sales mix from our
direct sale operation (40.7% in 2004 compared with 32.4% in 2003).
CSD
& NANC.
Net
sales increased by 9.8% for the year ended December 31, 2004 to R$1,462.8
million from R$1,332.1 million in the same period in 2003 mainly as a result
of
a 4.4% increase in CSD, net sales for the year ended December 31, 2004
to
R$1,356.2 million from R$1,205.1 million in the same period in 2003 and
an 8%
increase in net sales per hectoliter for soft drinks for the year ended
December31, 2004 compared with the same period in 2003, mainly as a result of price
repositioning implemented during 2004 and a focus on our greater profitability
packages and brands.
Other
Products.
Net
sales decreased by 18.4% for the year ended December 31, 2004 to R$155.8
million
from R$191.0 million in the same period in 2003.
HILA
Operations
Net
sales
increased by 83.7% for the year ended December 31, 2004 to R$1,922.1 million
from R$1,046.1 million in the same period in 2003. Both Quinsa’s performance and
our HILA-ex operations contributed to this result. The growth in beer and
soft
drinks sales volume, of 18.3% and 23.1% respectively, also contributed
to this
increase. In addition, the 9.7% increase in revenues per hectoliter in
dollar
terms and the increase of AmBev’s stake in Quinsa’s capital, to 54.8% in the
year ended December 31, 2004 from 49.7% for the same period in 2003, both
contributed to this increase. Our stake in Quinsa contributed R$1,153.0
million,
a 49.0% increase.
On
a per
hectoliter basis, cost of sales for our HILA Operations decreased by 1.8%
for
the year ended December 31, 2004 to R$51.2/hl from R$52.2/hl in the same
period
in 2003
61
Our
operation in the Hila-ex region, represented by operations in Ecuador,
Guatemala, Nicaragua, Peru, the Dominican Republic and Venezuela, showed
a
182.4% increase in revenues for the year ended December 31, 2004
when
compared to the same period in 2003 to R$769.1 million. The main elements
contributing to this increase were the following: (i) the 43.9% growth
in
Venezuela volumes; (ii) the first full year of operations in Ecuador, Guatemala
and Peru; (iii) our entrance into the Nicaragua market; (iv) the launching
of
Brahma
in
Ecuador, with a market share estimated at 17.9% in December 2004; and (v)
our
investment in Embodom in February 2004, the anchoring bottling company
of Pepsi
Cola in the Caribbean and the leading player in the Dominican Republic’s soft
drinks market with a 59.7% market share.
North
America
Net
sales
in North America for the year ended December 31, 2004 reflect four months of
consolidated results of Labatt and totaled R$1,558.8 million. These sales were
primarily a result of sales of 3.02 million hectoliters of beer in the Canadian
market, with revenues per hectoliter of C$208.1/hl, and an increase in Budweiser
market share, the top brand in Canada, to 12.3% in December 2004. Labatt also
exported 0.60 million hectoliters of beer to the United States over the four
month period, with revenues per hectoliter of C$61.7/hl.
Cost
of Sales
Total
cost of sales increased by 18.2% for the year ended December 31, 2004 to
R$4,780.5 million from R$4,044.2 million in the same period in 2003. During
most
of 2004 and 2003, we had currency hedge agreements in place to manage our
exposure to variable U.S. dollar-linked costs, such as costs associated with
aluminum cans, malt, hops sugar and PET resin.
As
a
percentage of our net sales, total cost of sales decreased to 39.8% in 2004
from
46.6% in 2003.
Brazilian
Operations
Total
cost of sales for our Brazilian operations decreased by 4.0% for the year ended
December 31, 2004 to R$3,368.6 million from R$3,509.4 million in the same period
in 2003.
On
a per
hectoliter basis, our Brazilian operations’ cost of sales decreased by 7.5% for
the year ended December 31, 2004 to R$43.8/hl from R$47.4/hl in the same period
in 2003.
Beer
Brazil.
Cost of
sales for our Brazilian Beer operations decreased by 1.5% for the year ended
December 31, 2004 to R$2,467.0 million from R$2,503.6 million in the same period
in 2003. On a per hectoliter basis, cost of sales for our Brazilian Beer
operations decreased by 5.8% for the year ended December 31, 2004 R$42.7/hl
from R$45.3/hl in the same period in 2003. This decrease was primarily a result
of the following: (i) a 12.4% reduction in the effective exchange rate used
by
AmBev in the purchase of inputs that are sensitive to the U.S. dollar
fluctuation (the average exchange rate in 2004 was R$2.94/U.S.$, compared to
R$3.35/U.S.$ in 2003), (ii) a greater dilution of fixed costs based on the
4.6%
increase in sales volume; and (iii) a reduction in the prices of raw materials
for the preparation of beer. These factors offset the increase in packaging
costs caused by high aluminum prices during 2004.
CSD
& NANC.
Cost of
sales for our Brazilian CSD & NANC operations decreased by 7.5% for the year
ended December 31, 2004 to R$820.5 million from R$887.3 million in the same
period in 2003. On a per hectoliter basis, cost of sales decreased 9.0% for
the
year ended December 31, 2004 to R$42.9/hl from R$47.2/hl in the same period
in
2003. This decrease was primarily as a result of a significant reduction in
the
R$/U.S.$ exchange rate, the lower cost of sugar during the first half of 2004
and the timely hedging for our sugar exposure position in the second half of
the
year.
OtherOperations.
The cost
of sale of byproducts in Brazil decreased by 31.6% for the year ended
December 31, 2004 to R$81.1 million from R$118.6 million for
the same
period in 2003.
HILA
Operations
Cost
of
sales for our HILA Operations increased by 70.1% for the year ended
December 31, 2004 to R$909.5 million from R$534.7 million in the same
period in 2003. On a per hectoliter basis, cost of sales for our
62
HILA
Operations decreased by 1.8% for the year ended December 31, 2004 to R$51.2/hl
from R$52.2/hl in the same period in 2003.
The
consolidation of Quinsa’s cost of sales was R$510.3 million in the year ended
December 31, 2004, representing an increase of 31.8% over the same
period
in 2003, due to the 14% increase, in U.S. dollars terms, of Quinsa’s cost of
sales which was partially offset by the cost of sales per hectoliter that
dropped 4.0%, reaching U.S.$15.3/hl. Cost of sales also increased due to
the
increase in our economic interest in Quinsa.
The
cost
of sales in our HILA-ex operations for the year ended December 31,2004
rose 170.7%, to R$399.3 million due primarily to the increase in our investments
and our expansion of our operations in the region. From September 2003 through
December 2004, we started up operations in Ecuador, Guatemala, Nicaragua,
Peru
and the Dominican Republic and had a 43.9% volume increase in our operation
in
Venezuela.
North
America
Our
cost
of sales in North America was R$502.4 million for the year ended December 31,2004.
Gross
Profit
Gross
profit increased by 55.8% for the year ended December 31, 2004 to R$7,226.3
million from R$4,639.6 million in the same period in 2003. Gross margin as
a
percentage of sales increased to 60.2% in 2004 from 53.4% in 2003. This positive
result was due to organic growth of 37.9% and a contribution of R$1,423.4
million of new investments made during 2004. The table below sets forth the
contribution of each business unit to AmBev’s consolidated gross
profit.
Gross
Profit
2004
2003
(R$
in millions, except percentages)
Amount
%
Margin
Amount
%
Margin
Brazilian
Operations
5,157.3
71.4
%
60.5
%
4,128.3
89.0
%
54.1
%
Beer
Brazil
4,440.3
61.4
%
64.3
%
3,611.0
77.8
%
59.1
%
CSD
& NANC Brazil
642.2
8.9
%
43.9
%
444.9
9.6
%
33.4
%
Other
Products
74.7
1.0
%
48.0
%
72.3
1.6
%
37.9
%
HILA
Operations
1,012.5
14.0
%
52.7
%
511.3
11.0
%
48.9
%
Quinsa(1)
642.7
8.9
%
55.7
%
386.4
8.3
%
49.9
%
Hila-ex
369.9
5.1
%
48.1
%
124.9
2.7
%
45.9
%
North
America(2)
1,056.4
14.6
%
67.8
%
−
−
−
Total
7,226.3
100.0
%
60.2
%
4,639.6
100.0
%
53.4
%
____________
(1)
Calculated
based on our proportional share of the results of operations of
Quinsa.
(2)
North
America’s results reflect the consolidation of Labatt’s operating results
from August 27, 2004 through December 31,2004.
Selling
and Marketing Expenses
Selling
and marketing expenses increased by 86.9% for the year ended December 31, 2004
to R$1,582.8 from R$847.1 million for the same period in 2003.
Brazilian
Operations
Selling
and marketing expenses for our Brazilian operations increased 32.8% for the
year
ended December 31, 2004 to R$833.7 million from R$627.9 million in 2003. Selling
and marketing expenses for the Brazilian beer operation reached R$736.5 million
for the year ended December 31, 2004, an increase of 37.9% from the
same
period in 2003. The increase in expenses was a result of (i) higher expenditures
related to advertising and promotion and (ii) the enlargement of our trade
marketing programs. Brazilian CSD & NANC selling and marketing expenses
totaled R$97.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, an increase
of
3.4% when compared to the same period in 2003, mainly due to (i) the development
of the Guaraná Antarctica brand, the flagship of our CSD & NANC
portfolio, and (ii) the implementation of new trade marketing
programs.
63
HILA
Operations
Selling
and marketing expenses for HILA Operations totaled R$337.9 million for the
year
ended December 31, 2004, increasing 54.2% when compared to the same
period
in 2003. Our consolidated selling and marketing expenses in Quinsa totaled
R$210.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, increasing 31.9%
when
compared to the same period in 2003, due mainly to a 15.1% (in US dollars terms)
increase in the sales and marketing expenses of Quinsa and the increase of
our
stake in Quinsa. Selling and marketing expenses for our HILA-ex operations
amounted to R$127.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, increasing
114.5% when compared to the same period in 2003. The main causes of this
increase were (i) the consolidation of new operations started by AmBev during
its expansion process and (ii) investments made to promote the launching of
Brahma in Ecuador.
North
America
Selling
and marketing expenses in North America for the year ended December 31, 2004
totaled R$411.2 million.
Direct
Distribution Expenses
Direct
distribution expenses include product delivery charges and delivery personnel
required to distribute our products. Direct distribution expenses increased
by
34% for the year ended December 31, 2004 to R$869.0 million from R$648.6 million
in the same period in 2003.
Brazilian
Operations
Direct
distribution expenses in Brazilian Operations totaled R$753.2 million for the
year ended December 31, 2004, increasing 24.5% from R$605.2 million
for the
year ended December 31, 2003. This increase in expenses is explained primarily
by an increase of 23.0% in the volume sold by direct distribution in our
Brazilian Operations, representing 43.7% of the total sales volume in 2004
compared with 36.9% in 2003, reflecting our strategy to increase the percentage
of volumes of our Brazilian Operations sold through our direct distribution
network. On a per hectoliter basis, our Brazilian Operations’ direct
distribution expenses increased 1.1% for the year ended December 31, 2004 to
R$22.4/hl from R$22.2/hl for the same period in 2003.
HILA
Operations
Direct
distribution expenses in our HILA Operations totaled R$88.3 million, increasing
by 103.4%. These expenses refer solely to our HILA-ex operations as
direct
distribution expenses in Quinsa are recorded as sales and marketing expenses.
This increase is a result of (i) an increase of 48.4% in direct distribution
volumes in Venezuela and (ii) the implementation of direct distribution in
Peru.
North
America
Direct
distribution expenses in North America totaled R$27.5 million.
General
and Administrative Expenses
General
and administrative expenses increased by 47.9% for the year ended
December 31, 2004 to R$617.9 million from R$417.9 million in the same
period in 2003, primarily as a result of higher
fees paid to our executive officers as part of our variable remuneration plan
and the impact of (i) our operations in North America and (ii) the increase
of
our HILA-ex operations.
Brazilian
Operations
General
and administrative expenses for our Brazilian Operations were R$389.6 million
in
2004, a 10.8% increase from R$351.6 million in 2003 due mainly to the higher
fees paid to our board of executive officers as part of our variable
remuneration system.
64
HILA
Operations
The
general and administrative expenses for our HILA Operations were R$130.1 million
for the year ended December 31, 2004, increasing 96.4% from R$66.3 million
in
the same period in 2003. This was as a result of (i) the consolidated
administrative expenses in Quinsa of R$50.0 million and (ii) a 188.0% increase
in our HILA-ex expenses, totaling R$80.2 million, due to the consolidation
of new operations.
North
America
In
North
America, Labatt’s administrative expenses amounted to R$98.2
million.
Depreciation
and Amortization
Expenses
Depreciation
and amortization expenses increased by 28.9% for the year ended December 31,2004 to R$541.5 million from R$420.0 million in the same period in 2003.
Brazilian Operations’ depreciation and amortization
increased by 18.1% for the year ended December 31, 2004 to R$440.2 million
from R$372.9 million in 2003. This increase was a result of the continuation
of
our program to install coolers at points of sale. HILA Operations’ depreciation
and amortization increased by 74.1% for the year ended December 31, 2004 to
R$82.1 million from R$47.1 million in 2003. Depreciation and amortization
in North America amounted to R$83.9 million.
Provisions
for contingencies
Net
provisions for contingencies charged to the statement of operations amounted
to
R$260.2 million in 2004, a 38.4% increase from R$187.9 million for the
year
ended December 31, 2003. Provisions for contingencies with respect to Brazilian
Operations were R$258.7 million in 2004, mainly comprised of: (i) R$141.6
million for labor provisions; (ii) R$74.5 million for ICMS taxes credit with
respect to purchases of property, plant and equipment prior to 1996, which
are
under dispute; and (iii) R$21.2 million related to the termination of
certain third-party distribution agreements.
Provisions
for contingencies for HILA operations were R$1.5 million in 2004,
down R$45.3 million from R$43.8 million in 2003.
Other
operating income (expense), net
Other
(net) operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2004 were R$420.9
million, 75.3% higher than expenses of R$240.1 million for the year ended
December 31, 2003. Brazilian Operations contributed with income of R$115.3
million compared to R$230.7 million in expenses in 2003, related mostly to:
(i)
income of R$193.3 million from tax incentives; (ii) income of R$163.5
million derived from the impact of exchange rate variation over AmBev’s
investments outside of Brazil. The impact of the exchange rate variation on
investment in Labatt was R$259.4 million while negative impacts arising from
the
exchange rate variation in other investments totaled R$163.5 million; (iii)
a
loss of R$210.7 million related to the amortization of goodwill; and (iv) a
loss
of R$67.7 million stemming from the levy of PIS/COFINS on other operating
income.
Other
operating expenses for HILA Operations were R$88.2 million for the year ended
December 31, 2004 compared to R$9.4 million of expenses for the same period
in
2003.
North
America had expenses of R$448.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004,
mainly explained by the goodwill amortization incurred through the incorporation
of Labatt into AmBev.
Net
Financial Income (Expenses)
Our
financial income consists of realized and unrealized gains from financial
instruments, foreign exchange gains (losses) on investments, financial income
on
cash equivalents and others. Our financial expenses consist of foreign exchange
gains (losses) on loans, realized and unrealized losses from financial
instruments, interests and charges on loans, taxes on financial transactions,
interest on contingencies and others.
65
We
enter
into hedging transactions to address AmBev’s Brazilian foreign currency debt
exposure, which involve cash investments in U.S. dollar-linked assets, as well
as the use of swaps and derivatives. As a result of Brazilian accounting
requirements, volatility in the real/U.S.
dollar exchange rate and interest rates can cause significant variations in
financial income and expenses.
Financial
income for the year ended December 31, 2004 was R$339.2 compared to financial
income of R$601.8 million in the same period in 2003, primarily due to the
change in the financial income derived from our Brazilian Operations, which
posted a loss of R$654.4 million in 2004 compared to a gain of R$107.7 million
in 2003. This change is a result of the requirement of Brazilian GAAP
that financial
assets related to derivative instruments used in hedging operations should
be
accounted for by the lesser of the book value and the market value. A
significant drop in the exchange coupon and in the country risk between the
fourth quarter of 2002 and the second quarter of 2003 led AmBev to register
significant unrealized gains during these periods. Therefore, the financial
income achieved in 2003 principally reflected the volatility generated in the
Brazilian capital markets due to presidential elections in 2002.
Financial
expenses for the year ended December 31, 2004 were R$1,115.6 million compared
to
R$508.7 million in the same period in 2003. This difference can be explained
by
a
higher
debt balance and the accounting impact of hedging transactions in 2004.
The
financial expenses of the HILA Operations were R$84.5 million for the year
ended
December 31, 2004 compared to R$14.7 million in 2003. North America had net
financial expenses of R$37.4 million for the year ended December 31,2004.
Operating
income
Operating
income increased by 10.1% for the year ended December 31, 2004 to R$2,163.3
million from R$1,964.9 million in the same period in 2003.
Non-Operating
income (expense), net
Non-operating
expenses increased by 231.6% for the year ended December 31, 2004 to R$333.9
million from expenses of R$100.7 million in the same period in 2003.
Brazilian Operations’ non-operating expenses amounted to R$129.6 million for the
year ended December 31, 2004, mainly as a result of a R$37.0 million expense
related to losses on the sale of fixed assets and a R$86.7 million expense
related to Quinsa’s share buyback programs, which, despite increasing our stake
in Quinsa, had a negative effect on Quinsa’s shareholders equity because of the
difference between the market value and book value of Quinsa’s shares. HILA
Operations had non-operating expenses of R$5.5 million. North America had
non-operating expenses of R$198.7 million, primarily resulting from severance
expenses of 240 former Labatt employees, related to the restructuring of
Labatt’s administrative activities.
Income
tax benefit (expense)
Our
consolidated income tax and social contribution for the year ended December31,2004 was a charge of R$511.8 million, up 20.0% from R$426.1 million in 2003.
At
the nominal tax rate of 34%, income tax for the year ended December 31, 2004
would have amounted to R$570.2 million. Our effective income tax rate in the
year ended December 31, 2004 was positively affected by the
benefit from tax deductible distribution of interest attributed to shareholder’s
equity (R$270.0 million) and non-taxable equity gains attributable to
subsidiaries (R$65.7 million). The effect of R$155.8 million of income
taxes and social contibution on results of Labatt negatively affected our
effective tax rate.
Profit
sharing and contributions
Provision
for employee and management profit sharing increased to R$152.4 million for
the
year ended December 31, 2004 from R$23.6 million in the same period in 2003.
In
2003, as AmBev’s corporate goals were not met, amounts under our profit sharing
plan were paid only to employees from the top performing industrial, sales
and
distribution units and none were paid to administrative employees. In 2004,
as
AmBev’s corporate goals were met, our administrative employees were entitled to
bonuses under our profit sharing plan. See “Directors, Senior Management and
Employees—Compensation—Profit Sharing Plan”.
66
Minority
interest
Minority
shareholders in our subsidiaries shared in gains of R$3.7 million for the year
ended December 31, 2004 compared to gains of R$2.9 million in 2003.
Net
Income
Net
income decreased by 17.7% for the year ended December 31, 2004 to R$1,161.5
million from R$1,411.6 million in the same period in 2003.
The
following table sets forth the consolidated financial highlights of AmBev for
the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002:
Consolidated
Financial Highlights
2003
2002
%
Change
Brazilian
GAAP
(R$
in millions, except volume amounts, percentages
and
per share amounts)
Sales
volume—000 hectoliters(1)
84,310
81,590
3.3
Net
sales
8,683.8
7,325.3
18.5
Net
revenue per hectoliter—R$/hl
103.0
89.8
14.7
Cost
of sales
(4,044.2
)
(3,341.7
)
21.0
Gross
profit
4,639.6
3,983.6
16.5
Gross
margin (%)
53.4
%
54.4
%
Selling,
general and administrative expenses
Selling
and marketing expenses
(847.1
)
(687.2
)
23.3
Direct
distribution expenses
(648.6
)
(537.4
)
20.7
General
and administrative expenses, including directors’ fees
(417.9
)
(373.5
)
11.9
Depreciation
and amortization(2)
(420.0
)
(334.6
)
25.5
Total
selling, general and administrative expenses
(2,333.5
)
(1,932.7
)
20.7
Provisions
for contingencies
(187.9
)
(123.7
)
51.9
Other
operating income (expense), net
(240.1
)
199.4
-
Equity
in results of affiliates
(6.2
)
-
-
Net
financial income (expenses)
93.1
(747.1
)
-
Operating
income(4)
1,964.9
1,379.5
42.4
Operating
margin (%)
22.6
%
18.8
%
Net
income
1,411.6
1,510.3
(6.5
)
Net
margin
16.3
%
20.6
%
Earnings
per share - R$/000 shares(3)
37.23
39.48
(5.7
)
________________________________
Amounts
may not add due to rounding.
(1)
Total
beverage sales volume combines AmBev’s own beverage volume with its
ownership percentage share of volume in Quinsa.
(2)
Does not include depreciation recorded on production assets which
is
recorded within Cost of sales, nor amortization of goodwill which
is
within Other operating income, net.
(3)
Calculated based on year end number of shares, excluding treasury
shares.
(4)
Under Brazilian GAAP, operating income includes net financial
expense.
67
Margin
Analysis
The
following table sets forth certain items in our statement of operations
expressed as percentages of net sales for the years ended December 31, 2003
and
2002:
Net
sales
increased by 18.5% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to R$8,683.8 million
from R$7,325.3 million in the same period in 2002. This increase was not only
due to growth in our Brazilian Operations, but also growth in our HILA
Operations, mainly as a result of the acquisition of our stake in Quinsa and
expansion into new international markets.
Brazilian
Operations
Net
sales
from our Brazilian Operations increased by 10.2% for the year ended December31,2003 to R$7,637.7 million from R$6,929.0 million in the same period in 2002,
primarily as a result of our revenue management initiatives, better execution
at
the point of sale, an increase in volumes sold directly and certain price
realignments implemented during 2003.
Beer
Brazil.
Net
sales of beer in Brazil increased by 10.2% for the year ended December 31,2003
to R$6,114.6 million from R$5,546.4 million in the same period in 2002, despite
a 4.7% decrease in volumes sold as a
68
result
of
a 2.1% decline in the Brazilian beer market, according to ACNielsen, and a
lower
weighted average market share in the period (67.3% in the year ended December31, 2003 compared to 68.4% in the same period in 2002). Net sales per hectoliter
increased by 15.7% to R$110.7 in 2003 from R$95.6 in 2002, mainly as a result
of
our revenue management initiatives, better brand mix, higher volumes sold
through our direct distribution network and a price realignment implemented
in
June/July 2003. During the year, consumer prices for our main brands remained
in
line with inflation. Other reasons for the growth in net sales per hectoliter
of
Brazilian beer include: (i) the launch of new super premium brands such as
Bohemia Dark, Bohemia Weiss and Brahma Light; (ii)
the revitalization of our super premium brand Original; and (iii) further
initiatives in sales force training to help standardize and improve point of
sale execution.
CSD
& NANC.
Net
sales increased by 8.4% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to R$1,332.1
million from R$1,228.9 million in the same period in 2002. In the CSD division,
net sales increased by 9.9% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to R$1,205.1
million from R$1,096.3 million in the same period in 2002, primarily as a result
of 13.1% higher net revenues per hectoliter combined with a 2.8% decrease in
volumes sold. Although total soft drink volumes sold decreased by 2.8%, our
core
portfolio —Guaraná
Antarctica and Pepsi—
volumes sold
increased by 5.3% in 2003 reflecting our strategy to focus on higher margin
brands, as well as the introduction of Pepsi Twist in a two liter PET
bottle package. Net sales per hectoliter for soft drinks increased by 13.1%
for
the year ended December 31, 2003 to R$68.1 in 2003 from R$60.2 in the same
period in 2002, mainly as a result of better brand mix (the percentage of our
core portfolio in total volumes sold increased to 84.7% from 78.2%), higher
volumes sold through our direct distribution network and price initiatives
implemented during 2003. A higher percentage of PET bottles in the packaging
mix
contributed to partially offset the gains in net sales per hectoliter described
above.
In
the
NANC division, net sales decreased by 4.2% for the year ended December 31,2003
to R$127.1 million from R$132.7 million in the same period in 2002. This 4.2%
decrease in net sales reflects AmBev’s strategy to focus on higher margin
products, mainly Gatorade, resulting in a 23.2% decrease in volumes
sold, but a 24.7% increase in net sales per hectoliter.
Other
Products.
Net
sales increased by 24.2% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to R$190.9 million
from R$153.7 million in the same period in 2002, primarily as a result of higher
malt and by-products volumes sold to third parties.
HILA
Operations
Net
sales
increased by 164.0% for the year ended December 31, 2003, to R$1,046.1 million
from R$396.3 million in the same period in 2002, primarily as a consequence
of
an adequate combination of strategic alliances, joint ventures, greenfield
projects and acquisitions, which allowed us to expand our operations into most
of South America and to initiate operations in the Central America region.
On
January 31, 2003 we completed the acquisition of our interest in Quinsa,
initially obtaining an economic interest of 40.475%. During the course of 2003,
we acquired an additional 12.0 million Quinsa Class B shares through open market
purchases, increasing our economic interest in Quinsa to over 50% by the end
of
the year. In 2003, Quinsa contributed net sales of R$773.7 million, or 74.0%
of
our HILA Operations’ net sales. In September 2003, we initiated our operations
in the Guatemalan beer market through our joint venture with the local Pepsi
bottler, CabCorp. Our Guatemalan operations contributed a net sales of R$22.0
million in 2003. In November 2003, we acquired various assets from Embotelladora
Rivera in Peru, including PepsiCo’s franchise agreement for Northern Peru and
Lima, as well as two soft drink plants in Peru and some sales and distribution
assets in Lima. Our Peruvian assets contributed net sales of R$23.6 million
in
2003. Finally, in December 2003, we acquired Cerveceria SurAmericana, the second
largest brewer in Ecuador.
Cost
of Sales
Total
cost of sales increased by 21.0% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to
R$4,044.2 million from R$3,341.7 million in the same period in 2002. During
most
of 2003 and 2002, we had currency hedge agreements in place to manage our
exposure to variable U.S. dollar-linked costs, such as costs associated with
aluminum cans, malt, hops sugar and PET resin. As opposed to 2002, however,
the
U.S. dollar exchange rate implicit in our currency hedge agreements was higher
than the exchange rate prevailing in the market (we refer to this difference
as
the “currency hedge effect”), generating a loss of R$99.0 million in 2003 (which
had the effect of increasing our costs
69
of
sales
by R$99.0 million) as compared to a gain of R$345.7 million in 2002 (which
had
the effect of reducing our costs of sales by R$345.7 million).
As
a
percentage of our net sales, total cost of sales increased to 46.6% in 2003
from
45.6% in 2002.
Brazilian
Operations
Total
cost of sales for our Brazilian Operations increased by 12.2% for the year
ended
December 31, 2003 to R$3,509.4 million from R$3,127.6 million in the same period
in 2002. As noted above, our cost of sales was negatively affected by the U.S.
dollar exchange rate implicit in our hedging obligations in 2003 compared to
the
implicit exchange rate in 2002.
On
a per
hectoliter basis, our Brazilian Operations’ cost of sales increased by 17.6% for
the year ended December 31, 2003 to R$47.4/hl from R$40.3/hl in the same period
in 2002. The negative impact of the implicit exchange rate for our cost of
sales
in 2003 was partially offset by our efforts to reduce our cost of sales by:
(i) reducing prices paid for raw material, packaging and utilities through
negotiation, development of new domestic and international suppliers and tolling
arrangements; (ii) increasing conversion yields through several
multifunctional initiatives and projects; (iii) packaging engineering;
(iv) process and packaging efficiency through improved plant floor
execution; and (v) reducing fixed costs through
centralization.
Beer
Brazil.
Cost of
sales for our Brazilian Beer Operations increased by 11.9% for the year ended
December 31, 2003 to R$2,503.6 million from R$2,237.1 million in the same period
in 2002, primarily as a result of the higher U.S. dollar exchange rate implicit
in our cost of sales in 2003 compared to 2002.
On
a per
hectoliter basis, cost of sales for our Brazilian Beer Operations increased
by
17.5% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to R$45.3/hl from R$38.6/hl in the
same period in 2002. The primary negative factor which affected costs of sales
in 2003 was a higher percentage of imported barley in our malt mix, mainly
as a
result of the poor barley harvest in South America, as well as lower volumes,
which increased the fixed cost per hectoliter.
CSD
& NANC.
Cost of
sales for our Brazilian CSD & NANC Operations increased by 9.7% for the year
ended December 31, 2003 to R$887.3 million from R$809.0 million in the same
period in 2002. On a per hectoliter basis, cost of sales increased 14.6% for
the
year ended December 31, 2003 to R$47.2/hl from R$41.2/hl in the same period
in
2002, primarily as a result of the higher U.S. dollar exchange rate implicit
in
our costs in 2003 compared to 2002, which more than offset the gains generated
by a greater efficiency in the bottling lines as well as a higher presence
of
PET bottles in our packaging mix, instead of aluminum cans.
HILA
Operations
Cost
of
sales for our HILA Operations increased by 149.8% for the year ended December31, 2003 to R$534.7 million from R$214.1 million in the same period in 2002,
primarily reflecting our new international operations that were expanded during
2003. On a per hectoliter basis, cost of sales for our HILA Operations decreased
by 4.0% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to R$52.2/hl from R$54.3/hl in
the
same period in 2002, mainly reflecting the synergies realized in connection
with
the transfer to Quinsa of our assets in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay and
improvements in the general economic situation in Argentina during
2003.
Gross
Profit
Gross
profit increased by 16.5% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to R$4,639.6
million from R$3,983.6 million in the same period in 2002. Gross margin as
a
percentage of sales decreased slightly to 53.4% in 2003 from 54.4% in 2002.
All
improvements achieved through our revenue management initiatives were offset
by
lower volumes and the negative effect of our currency hedge obligations on
our
variable U.S. dollar-linked costs.
Selling
and Marketing Expenses
Selling
and marketing expenses increased by 23.3% for the year ended December 31, 2003
to R$847.1 million from R$687.2 million for the same period in 2002, primarily
as a result of new HILA Operations commenced during 2003. Selling and marketing
expenses for our Brazilian Operations remained almost unchanged in 2003 (R$627.9
million) compared to 2002 (R$628.5 million).
70
Direct
Distribution Expenses
Direct
distribution expenses include product delivery charges and delivery personnel
required to distribute our products. Direct distribution expenses increased
by
20.7% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to R$648.6 million from R$537.4
million in the same period in 2002. Reflecting our strategy to increase the
percentage of volumes of our Brazilian Operations sold through our direct
distribution network, volumes sold directly represented 36.9% of total volume
sold in 2003, compared to 32.6% in 2002.
On
a per
hectoliter basis, Brazilian Operations’ direct distribution expenses increased
18.4% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to R$22.2/hl from R$18.7/hl for
the
same period in 2002. Higher freight costs, mainly a result of higher fuel costs,
along with higher fixed costs per hectoliter, were the main reasons that
negatively impacted the direct distribution expenses per hectoliter. Higher
fixed costs per hectoliter were primarily the result of the increase in the
number of direct distribution centers combined with lower overall volumes sold,
especially in the second half of 2003.
Volumes
sold directly in our HILA Operations, mainly in Venezuela, represented 84.4%
of
total volumes sold in that country for the year ended December 31, 2003,
compared to 82.1% in the same period in 2002. Direct distribution costs per
hectoliter were R$39.4/hl in 2003, an increase of 6.3% over the same period
in
2002.
General
and Administrative Expenses
General
and administrative expenses increased by 11.9% for the year ended December31,2003 to R$417.9 million from R$373.5 million in the same period in 2002,
primarily as a result of HILA Operations commenced during 2003. General and
administrative expenses for our Brazilian Operations were R$351.6 million in
2003, roughly in line with the R$346.4 million registered in 2002. Costs
associated with the opening of new regional offices, as well as certain one-time
expenses related to information technology projects, fully offset any cost
reductions achieved through our initiatives to reduce general and administrative
expenses.
Depreciation
and Amortization
Depreciation
and amortization increased by 25.5% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to
R$420.0 million from R$334.6 million in the same period in 2002. Brazilian
Operations’ depreciation and amortization increased by 16.9% for the year ended
December 31, 2003 to R$372.9 million from R$319.0 million in 2002, reflecting
the investments in our direct distribution network and sub-zero coolers, which
we continue to install at strategically located high volume points of sale.
During the next two to three years we will be significantly increasing our
investments in our sub-zero coolers as part of our strategy to enhance our
point
of sale execution and to leverage our distribution efficiency. Thus,
depreciation should grow proportionally. HILA Operations’ depreciation and
amortization increased by 202.3% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to R$47.1
million from R$15.6 million in 2002, primarily as a result of the expansion
of
our international activities.
Provisions
for contingencies
Net
provisions for contingencies charged to the statement of operations amounted
to
R$187.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, compared to R$123.7
million charged in the same period in 2002. Provisions for contingencies with
respect to Brazilian Operations were R$231.8 million in 2003, mainly comprised
of: (i) R$104.9 million for labor provisions; (ii) R$77.4 million for ICMS
tax
credit with respect to purchases of property, plant and equipment prior to
1996,
which are under dispute; (iii) R$35.2 million related to a dispute regarding
whether financial income is subject to PIS/COFINS tax; and (iv) a provision
of
R$9.7 million related to the termination of certain third-party distributor
distribution agreements.
Provisions
for contingencies for HILA Operations were R$43.8 million, related mostly to
our
proportional consolidation of Quinsa.
Other
operating income (expense), net
Other
(net) operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2003 was R$240.1
million, compared to income of R$199.4 million in the same period in 2002.
Brazilian Operations contributed with R$230.7 million in
71
expenses
related to: (i) foreign exchange losses in our subsidiaries abroad (principally
malting plants in Argentina and Uruguay whose functional currency is the U.S.
dollar), which totaled R$128.8 million; (ii) R$195.5 million of goodwill
amortization, mainly related to Antarctica, Astra and Quinsa; and (iii) R$16.5
million related to the pension cost arising from the Company’s actuarial
liabilities under Brazilian GAAP. Other operating income of R$175.9 million,
related to tax incentives realized by AmBev’s subsidiaries (mainly CBB), and
R$16.6 million, resulting from early payment of sales tax (“ICMS”) at a
discount, contributed to partially offset other operating expenses associated
with our Brazilian Operations.
Other
operating expenses for HILA Operations were R$9.4 million, mainly attributable
to Quinsa’s activities.
Net
Financial Income (Expenses)
Our
financial income consists of realized and unrealized gains from financial
instruments, foreign exchange gains (losses) on investments, financial income
on
cash equivalents and others. Our financial expenses consist of foreign exchange
gains (losses) on loans, realized and unrealized losses from financial
instruments, interests and charges on loans, taxes on financial transactions,
interest on contingencies and others.
We
enter
into hedging transactions to address AmBev’s Brazilian foreign currency debt
exposure, which involve cash investments in U.S. dollar-linked assets, as well
as the use of swaps and derivatives. As a result of Brazilian accounting
requirements, volatility in the real/U.S.
dollar exchange rate and interest rates can cause significant variations in
financial income and expenses.
Financial
income for the year ended December 31, 2003 was R$601.8 million, compared to
R$2,530.3 million in the same period in 2002. The effect of the appreciation
of
the real
during
2003, resulting in losses attributable to our cash and assets linked to the
U.S.
dollar (R$97.2 million) in contrast to a gain registered in 2002 (R$1,007.2),
as
a result of the devaluation of real
during
2002, more than offset the positive effect of the appreciation of the market
value of certain assets during 2003, due to the decrease in the risk aversion
and also lower interest rates prevailing in the market. Pursuant to Brazilian
GAAP, we were not able to book an unrealized gain of R$205.9 million in the
market value of certain assets, as such values exceeded the corresponding yield
curve accrual values.
Financial
expenses for the year ended December 31, 2003 were R$508.7 million, compared
to
R$3,277.3 million in the same period in 2002. Once again, the appreciation
of
the Brazilian real
during
2003 accounts for this difference. During 2002, the real
devaluation negatively affected the value of our U.S. dollar denominated debt.
Conversely, the appreciation of the Brazilian real
in 2003
reduced the value,
in
reais, of our U.S. dollar denominated debt.
Operating
income
Operating
income increased by 42.4% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to
R$1,964.9 million from R$1,379.5 million in the same period in 2002.
The
increase in operating income was attributable primarily to the following
factors: (i) increase in gross profit from our Brazilian Operations;
(ii) the expansion of our international activities; and (iii) the
appreciation of the Brazilian real.
Non-Operating
income (expense), net
Non-operating
expenses increased by 39.5% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to
R$100.7 million from R$72.2 million in the same period in 2002. Brazilian
Operations non-operating expenses amounted to R$80.4 million, mainly as a result
of an expense of R$47.9 million related to losses on the sale of fixed assets,
and expenses of R$32.6 million related to Quinsa’s share buyback programs,
which, despite increasing AmBev’s stake in the Company, had a negative effect on
Quinsa’s shareholders equity because of the difference between the market value
of Quinsa’s shares over their book value. HILA Operations contributed with
non-operating expenses of R$20.2 million.
72
Income
tax benefit (expense)
Our
consolidated income tax and social contribution for the year ended December31,2003 was a charge of R$426.1 million. At the nominal tax rate of 34%, income
tax
for the year ended December 31, 2003 would have amounted to R$625.8 million.
Our
effective income tax rate in the year ended December 31, 2003 was positively
affected by: (i) the benefit from tax deductible distribution of interest
attributed to shareholders’ equity (R$152.7 million); (ii) tax losses
arising from the previous year (R$148.0 million), primarily from the Pepsi
transaction; (iii) non-taxable equity gains attributable to subsidiaries
(R$59.8 million); and (iv) the write-off of goodwill in connection with
the
merger of a subsidiary (R$37.1 million). The losses of subsidiaries abroad
not
subject to taxation (R$182.9 million) negatively affected our actual tax
rate.
Profit
sharing and contributions
Provision
for employee and management profit sharing decreased by 81.1% for the year
ended
December 31, 2003 to R$23.7 million from R$112.3 million in the same period
in
2002. The significant decrease is primarily a result of the non-payment of
performance bonuses to which certain managers and employees would have been
entitled if certain corporate goals and other performance targets had been
achieved in 2003. The R$23.7 million relates to financial awards distributed
in
accordance with our Manufacturing Excellence Program and to the proportional
consolidation of Quinsa’s profit sharing program.
Minority
interest
Minority
shareholders in our subsidiaries shared in gains of R$2.9 million for the year
ended December 31, 2003, compared to losses of R$47.4 million in 2002. This
change is related to the improved performance and extension of our HILA
Operations in 2003.
Net
Income
Net
income decreased by 6.5% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to R$1,411.6
million from R$1,510.3 million in the same period in 2002.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
Our
primary sources of liquidity have historically been cash flows from operating
activities and borrowings. Our material cash requirements have included the
following:
·
the
servicing of our indebtedness;
·
capital
expenditures;
·
our
share buy-back program;
·
payments
of dividends and interest attributable to shareholders’
equity;
·
increases
in ownership of our subsidiaries or companies in which we have equity
investments; and
·
investments
in companies participating in the brewing, soft drink and malting
industries.
Our
cash
and cash equivalents and short-term investments at December 31, 2004, 2003,
and
2002 were R$1,505.4 million, R$2,534.2 million, and R$3,290.0 million,
respectively. The decrease in our cash position at the end of 2004 compared
to
the end of 2003 was principally due to the programs we launched during 2004,
pursuant to which R$1,609.6 million of shares were repurchased, and the dividend
payments of R$602.9 million, reflecting management’s decision to reduce
the amount of cash and cash equivalents on hand in light of our increased
comfort in accessing the capital markets. The decrease in the amount of our
cash
and cash equivalents at the end of 2003 compared to the end of 2002 was
primarily a result of: (i) payment for the acquisition of our interest in Quinsa
and other acquisitions; (ii) payment of dividends during the year; and
(iii) capital expenditures. Proceeds from the issuance of our
U.S.$500
million 10.5% senior notes in September 2003 and liquidation of certain
short-term investments affected our cash position.
73
We
believe that cash flows from operating activities, available cash and cash
equivalents and short-term investments, along with our derivative instruments
and our access to borrowing facilities, will be sufficient to fund our capital
expenditures, debt service and dividend payments going forward.
Cash
Flows
Operating
activities
Our
cash
flows from operating activities increased 35.2% to R$3,418.6 for the year ended
December 31, 2004 from R$2,527.6 million for the same period in 2003
due to
operational growth in our Brazilian operations and our HILA operations, and
the
merger of Labatt into AmBev.
Our
cash
flow from operating activities decreased 29.7% for the year ended December31,2003 to R$2,527.6 million from R$3,595.0 million for the year ended December31,2002. All the foregoing factors were partially mitigated by other transactions
generating a net cash inflow of R$8.3 million in 2003.
Investing
activities
Cash
flows generated in our investing activities for the year ended December 31,2004 totaled R$110.8 million, compared to cash flows used in investing
activities of R$2,014.7 million for the same period in 2003. This was due
mainly
to (i) our decision to reduce our positions in securities in 2004; (ii) a
reduction in cash used to acquire new investments compared to our acquisition
of
Quinsa in 2003; and (iii) the consolidation of Labatt’s initial cash position,
which offset certain investment requirements. This change was partially offset
by higher capital expenditures and the repurchase of shares by Quinsa during
2004.
For
the
year ended December 31, 2003 cash flows used in our investing activities
totaled R$2,014.7 million compared to R$1,603.1 million for the year ended
December 31, 2002. The increased cash utilized in investing activities in 2003
compared to 2002 primarily reflects the acquisition of our economic interest
in
Quinsa and our investments in new markets in South and Central America, such
as
Ecuador, Peru and Guatemala, as well as investments in our direct distribution
network, mainly through the acquisition of third-party distributors.
Financing
activities
Cash
flows used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2004
amounted to R$3,433.9 million compared to R$346.7 million for the same
period in 2003. This was principally due to the full amortization of R$974.7
million of a yen-denominated syndicated loan and an increase in pay-outs mainly
through our share buy-back programs.
For
the
year ended December 31, 2003 cash flows used in financing activities totaled
R$346.7 million, compared to R$2,912.2 million for the year ended December31, 2002. The proceeds of certain financing, primarily the 2013 notes, as well
as the cash generated from our operating activities, were used to repay
R$2,510.1 million in debt in 2003.
As
of
December 31, 2004, our outstanding debt totaled R$7,810.7 million (of which
R$3,443.1 million was short-term debt, including R$1,289.3 million of the
current portion of long-term debt). Our debt consisted of R$1,000.9 million
of
real-denominated
debt and R$6,809.8 million of foreign currency-denominated debt.
The
table
below shows the profile of our debt instruments:
As
of
December 31, 2003, our outstanding debt totaled R$5,980.4 million (of which
R$1,976.1 million was short-term debt, including R$1,427.4 million of the
current portion of long-term debt). Our debt consisted of R$901.5 million of
real-denominated debt and R$5,078.9 million of foreign
currency-denominated debt. The weighted average annual interest rate for the
short and long-term portions of the local currency-denominated debt at December31, 2003 was 12.1% and 6.8%, and the average duration was 5 months and 2.3
years, respectively. The weighted average annual interest rate for the short
and
long-term portions of the foreign currency-denominated debt was approximately
7.0% and 10.5%, and the average duration was 6 months and 7.0 years,
respectively.
As
of
December 31, 2002, our outstanding debt totaled R$4,486.7 million (of which
R$607.4 million was short-term debt, including R$292.5 million of the current
portion of long-term debt). Our debt consisted of R$988.1 million of
real-denominated
debt and R$3,498.6 million of foreign currency-denominated debt. The weighted
average annual interest rate for the short and long-term portions of the local
currency-denominated debt at December 31, 2002 was 11.6% and 8.1%, and the
average duration was 6 months and 2.5 years, respectively. The weighted average
annual interest rate for the short- and long-term portions of the foreign
currency-denominated debt was approximately 9.9% and 9.7%, and the average
duration was 5 months and 4.8 years, respectively.
Restrictions
on the transfer of funds fromsubsidiaries
Certain
of Labatt’s debt agreements contain clauses that restrict the transfer of funds
to related companies, including AmBev. Under the terms of these agreements,
if
Labatt’s leverage ratio (aggregate indebtedness to EBITDA) exceeds 3 to 1,
Labatt may not distribute, in any given fiscal year, cash in excess of the
following thresholds:
(i)
EBITDA minus interest charges minus capital expenditures minus cash taxes;
or
(ii)
100%
of net income.
75
Labatt’s
current leverage ratio does not exceed 3 to 1. We do not expect these
restrictions to affect our ability to meet our cash obligations.
Borrowings
The
following tables set forth our net debt consolidated position as of December31,2004, 2003 and 2002:
Net
Debt Consolidated Position
2004
2003
2002
LC(1)
FC(2)
Total
LC(1)
FC(2)
Total
LC(1)
FC(2)
Total
(R$
in millions)
Short-term
debt(3)
503.2
2,939.9
3,443.1
262.0
1,714.1
1,976.1
269.1
338.3
607.4
Long-term
debt
497.7
3,869.9
4,367.6
639.5
3,364.8
4,004.3
719.0
3,160.3
3,879.3
Total
1,000.9(2)
6,809.8
7,810.7
901.5
5,078.9
5,980.4
988.0
3,498.6
4,486.7
Cash
and cash equivalents and short-term investments
1,505.4
2,534.2(4)
3,290.0
Net
debt
6,305.3
3,446.2
1,196.7
Amounts
may not add due to rounding.
(1)
LC
= Local Currency.
(2)
FC
= Foreign Currency.
(3)
Includes
the current portion of long-term debt.
(4)
Includes
unrealized gains on derivatives of R$258.7
million.
Short-term
debt
As
of
December 31, 2004, our short-term debt totaled R$3,443.1 million, 86.7%
of which
was denominated in foreign currencies. Most of our short-term foreign debt
consisted of Labatt’s bank debt of R$1,911.7 million, which will mature in
the last quarter of 2005. On July 28, 2004, we paid in full our yen-denominated
syndicated loan in the amount of R$ 974.7 million, net of hedge effects
on such
debt.
As
of
December 31, 2003, our short-term debt totaled R$1,976.1 million, consisting
primarily of the current portion of our yen-denominated syndicated loan
which
matured in August 2004. As of December 31, 2003, 86.7% of our short-term
debt
was denominated in foreign currencies, with an annual weighted average
interest
rate of approximately 7.0%. The yen-denominated syndicated loan represented
53.8% of our total short-term debt.
As
of
December 31, 2002, our short-term debt totaled R$607.4 million and
consisted primarily of financing for the importation of raw materials and
equipment, and working capital. As of December 31, 2002, 55.7% of our short-term
debt was denominated in foreign currencies, with an annual weighted average
interest rate of approximately 9.9%.
Long-term
Debt
As
of
December 31, 2004, our long-term debt, excluding the current portion of
long-term debt, totaled R$4,367.6 million, of which R$497.7 million was
denominated in Reais.
The
remainder was denominated primarily in U.S. dollars. The current portion
of our
local long-term debt totaled R$1,289.3 million as of December 31,2004.
Long
term
Debt
Maturity(1)
2006
257.5
2007
428.3
2008
658.0
2009
10.4
2010
74.5
2011
1,523.3
2012
and later
1,415.6
Total
4,367.6
____________________
Amounts
may not add due to rounding.
(1) Excludes
the current portion of long-term debt.
In
accordance with our foreign currency risk management policy, we have entered
into forward and cross-currency interest rate swap contracts in order to
mitigate currency and interest rate risks. See “Quantitative and Qualitative
Disclosures About Market Risk” for our policy with respect to mitigating foreign
currency and interest rate risks through the use of financial instruments
and
derivatives.
As
of
December 31, 2003, our long-term debt, excluding the current portion of
long-term debt, totaled R$4,004.3 million, of which R$639.5 million was
denominated in Reais.
The
remainder was denominated primarily in U.S. dollars. The current portion
of our
local long-term debt totaled R$1,427.4 million as of December 31,2003.
As
of
December 31, 2002, our long-term debt, excluding the current portion of
long-term debt, totaled R$3,879.3 million, of which R$718.9 million was
denominated in Reais.
The
remainder was denominated in U.S. dollars and Japanese Yen. The current portion
of our local long-term debt totaled R$292.5 million as of December 31,2002.
In
December 2001, CBB issued U.S.$500 million 10.5% Notes due 2011, fully
guaranteed by AmBev. This offering significantly increased the average maturity
of our outstanding debt. On October 4, 2002, we completed an SEC registered
exchange offer for these notes. These notes contain certain covenants and
events
of default which, if triggered, cause accelerated amortization. The proceeds
of
the syndicated loans and the notes issued in 2001 were used principally to
repay
short-term debt, but also to finance part of AmBev’s capital expenditure program
and for general corporate purposes. In September 2003, CBB issued U.S.$500
million 8.75% Notes due 2013, fully guaranteed by AmBev. The transaction
was
priced at 99.674% of the nominal principal amount with a coupon rate of 8.75%.
These notes contain certain covenants and events of default which, if triggered,
cause accelerated amortization. The proceeds of the notes issued in 2003
were
used principally to repay short-term debt, to finance part of AmBev’s capital
expenditure program, and also for general corporate purposes. On September15,2004, we completed an SEC registered exchange offer for these notes.
On
May 31, 2005, upon the completion of the merger of CBB into AmBev,
AmBev
became the successor to CBB under the indentures governing both the 2011
notes
and the 2013 notes.
As
of
December 31, 2004, our local currency long-term debt borrowings consisted
primarily of long-term plant expansion and other loans from governmental
agencies including the Brazilian Economic and Social Development Bank (“BNDES”),
and BNDES programs, including the Fund for Financing the Acquisition of
Industrial Machinery and Equipment (“FINAME”), and the Financing Fund for
Studies and Projects (“FINEP”).
As
of
December 31, 2003, our local currency long-term debt borrowings consisted
primarily of long-term plant expansion and other loans from governmental
agencies including the BNDES, and BNDES programs, including FINAME,
and FINEP.
Our
reais
denominated long-term borrowings at December 31, 2002 consisted primarily
of
long-term plant expansion and other loans from governmental agencies including
BNDES, and BNDES programs, including FINAME, and FINEP. In May 2001, we entered
into an additional line of credit agreement with BNDES totaling R$216.5 million.
The line of credit is payable in monthly installments with final maturity
in
December 2008.
A
substantial portion of the financings incurred by Quinsa’s subsidiaries in
Argentina is denominated in U.S. dollars. The devaluation of the Argentine
Peso
and the economic crisis in Argentina, mainly in 2002, restricted the ability
of
these subsidiaries to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the obligations
falling due on the dates originally determined for liabilities denominated
in
foreign currency. The management of Quinsa and its subsidiaries renegotiated
the
maturity terms with financial institutions.
As
of
December 31, 2004, we reclassified approximately U.S.$4.7 million of Quinsa’s
long-term debt, with respect to which Quinsa was not in compliance with certain
covenants, to current liabilities. At December 31, 2003, Quinsa was in default
of certain loan covenants. Quinsa’s management concluded the process of
renegotiating the terms of the affected loans. As of December 31, 2003, we
reclassified approximately U.S.$4.2 million of Quinsa’s long-term debt, with
respect to which Quinsa was not in compliance with certain covenants, to
current
liabilities
Quinsa’s
results of operations are proportionately consolidated in our financial
statements for 2004 and 2003.
Secured
debt
Certain
of our loans, with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of R$ 417.9
million
at December 31, 2004, are secured by either our facilities located in, or
equipment in our facilities located in, Agudos, Jacareí, Águas Claras (Sergipe),
Nova Rio (Rio de Janeiro), Teresina, Manaus, Aquiraz, Natal, Jacarepaguá,
Curitiba and Cuiabá. The loans, which include the loans provided by BNDES and
FINEP, were used to expand or modernize our facilities and equipment.
Sales
tax deferrals and other tax credits
We
currently participate in several programs by which a portion of payments
of ICMS
tax due from sales generated by specific production facilities are deferred
for
periods of generally five years from their original due date. The total amount
deferred at December 31, 2004, including ICMS financing, was R$711.9 million,
as
disclosed in note 11 to our financial statements. Percentages deferred typically
range from 40% to 100% over the life of the program. Balances deferred generally
accrue interest and are partially inflation indexed, with adjustments generally
set at 60% to 80% of a general price index. The amount of sales taxes deferred
as of December 31, 2004, R$330.2 million, included a current portion of R$54.5
million (classified under other taxes and contributions payable), and R$275.7
million payable thereafter. The remaining R$381.6 million relates to ICMS
financing. We also participate in ICMS value-added tax credit programs offered
by various Brazilian states which provide tax credits to offset ICMS value-added
tax payable. In return, we are committed to meeting certain operational
requirements including, depending on the State, production volume and employment
targets, among others. The grants are received over the lives of the respective
programs. In the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, we recorded R$193.3
million and R$175.9 million, respectively, of tax credits as gains on tax
incentive programs. The benefits granted are not subject to withdrawal in
the
event that we do not meet the program’s targets; however, future benefits may be
withdrawn.
Capital
Investment Program
In
2004,
consolidated capital expenditures on property, plant and equipment totaled
R$1,273.7 million consisting of R$901.5 million in Brazil and HILA-ex, R$102.5
million related to our proportional consolidation of Quinsa and
R$269.7 million related to the approximately four months of consolidation
of Labatt. These expenditures primarily included investments in quality
controls, automation, modernization and replacement of packaging lines,
warehousing
for direct distribution, coolers, expenditures for the replacement of bottles
and crates, and continued investments in information technology.
Increased
capital expenditures during 2004 were a result of our focus on the construction
of new facilities in South and Central America, increased investment in
bottles
and packaging in connection with our expansion into new markets and the
addition
of Labatt to our operations.
At
December 31, 2004, our investments in subsidiaries and affiliates, including
acquisitions of intangible assets net of cash, totaled R$170.2 million. These
investments are primarily related to the acquisition of our economic interest
in
Embodom.
76
In
2003,
capital expenditures on property, plant and equipment totaled R$862.2 million
consisting of R$809.8 million in Brazil and HILA-ex, and
R$52.4 million related to our proportional consolidation of Quinsa.
These
capital expenditures primarily included investments in quality controls,
automation, modernization, replacement of packaging lines, warehousing for
direct distribution, coolers, expenditures for the replacement of bottles
and
crates, and continued investments in information technology.
At
December 31, 2003, our investments in subsidiaries and affiliates, including
acquisitions of intangible assets net of cash, totaled R$1,745.3 million,
which
included (i) the R$1,429.0 million cash disbursement as purchase price for
our
initial interest in Quinsa in 2003; (ii) the additional R$249.6 million cash
disbursement used to purchase an additional 12.0 million Class B Quinsa shares
on the open market, increasing our economic interest in Quinsa to 49.66%;
and
(iii) the acquisition of our interests in our Peruvian and Ecuadorian
assets.
In
2002,
capital expenditures on property, plant and equipment totaled R$522.3 million.
These expenditures primarily included investments in quality controls,
automation, modernization and replacement of packaging lines, warehousing
for
direct distribution, coolers, expenditures for the replacement of bottles
and
crates, and continued investments in information technology. Investments
in
subsidiaries and affiliates, including acquisition of intangible assets net
of
cash, totaled R$75.6 million and included the purchase of an additional stake
in
Astra.
We
continually evaluate possible acquisitions, products and technologies that
are
complementary to our business and any such acquisitions or investments may
be
financed with additional debt. We invested approximately U.S.$50 million
in the
Dominican Republic, including the acquisition of 51% of the capital of Embodom
that includes a soft drink facility and distribution network, and construction
of a beer facility in Santo Domingo. The new beer facility will be fully
operational in the Dominican Republic during the fourth quarter of
2005.
We
also
constructed a brewery in Peru, which started operations during the second
quarter of 2005. Total investments in the brewery amounted to approximately
U.S.$ 38.4 million including production facilities, working capital
and
pre-operating expenses.
Off-balance
Sheet Arrangements
We
have a
number of off-balance sheet items which have been disclosed elsewhere in
this
annual report. They include the following:
·
Contingencies
which represent possible, though not probable, risk of loss have
not been
provided for in our balance sheet and amount to R$1,241.1 million,
which
have been disclosed in “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Commitments and
contingencies”; In addition, during the first quarter of 2005, we received
a number of assessments from Brazilian tax authorities relating
to
earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, in the total amount of
approximately
R$3,000.0 million. Brazil on the advice of legal counsel, we
believe that
such assessments are without merit and have not made any provision
in
connection therewith. We have estimated the total exposures of
possible
(but not probable) losses, which are not recorded as liabilities,
to be
approximately R$2,000.0 million in connection with those assessments,
and
we have estimated that the remaining amount constitute remote
losses. We
believe that our estimates are based on reasonable assumptions
and
assessments of external legal counsel, but should the worst case
scenario
develop, subjecting us to losses in all cases, our net impact
on the
statement of operations would be an expense for this
amount.
·
Future
committed capital expenditures of R$163.0 million, related primarily
to
industrial and distribution system investments, which have been
disclosed
in “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Commitments and
contingencies”;
·
As
described in “—Critical Accounting Policies”, for Brazilian GAAP purposes
we do not include the assets and liabilities of the FAHZ, although
we do
so for U.S. GAAP purposes. While we record the benefit obligation
for
Brazilian GAAP, the remaining assets and liabilities are off-balance
sheet
for the purposes of Brazilian GAAP financial statements. See
note 15 (c)
of our consolidated financial statements for more
information;
·
We
may receive further disposal proceeds from the sale of Bavaria
to Molson,
subject to certain brand market share criteria being met. See
“Information
on the Company—Brazilian Antitrust Approval”;
and
77
·
We
may be obliged to acquire the remaining interest that BAC holds
in Quinsa,
subject to certain put and call options, which can be exercised
by the
shareholders of BAC or ourselves. AmBev’s interest in Quinsa is accounted
for on the proportional consolidation method under Brazilian
GAAP and on
the equity basis for purposes of U.S. GAAP. The put agreement
is not
reflected on our Brazilian GAAP balance
sheet.
We
have
no special purpose vehicles or other unconsolidated interests in which we
have
material commitments, guarantees or contingencies.
Commitments
and contingencies
The
following table and discussion provide additional disclosure regarding our
material contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December31,2004:
Contractual
Obligations
Total
Less
than 1 year
1-3
years
3-5
years
More
than 5 years
(in
millions of Reais)
Long-term
debt
5,65.9
1,289.3
1,343.8
1,608.2
1,415.6
Sales
tax deferrals
711.9
148.0
-
-
-
Capital
expenditure commitments
163.0
163.0
-
-
-
Other
post-retirement liabilities
954.2
73.7
233.6
208.5
432.8
Total
contractual cash commitments
7,486.0
1,674.0
1,577.4
1,816.7
1,848.4
_____________________
* The
above
table does not reflect contractual commitments discussed in “Off-Balance Sheet
Arrangements”.
Pursuant
to the Put and Call Options, AmBev has a call option to acquire 373.5 million
Quinsa Class A Shares held by BAC in exchange for newly issued shares of
AmBev,
and BAC has a put option to sell to AmBev the 373.5 million Quinsa Class
A
Shares held by BAC in exchange for newly issued shares of AmBev.
See
“Information on the Company—Acquisition
of
Interest in Quinsa”. Even though the Quinsa Put and Call Options are not
considered a commitment on our part, either we or BAC may decide to exercise
them in the future.
We
are
subject to numerous commitments and contingencies with respect to tax, labor,
distributors and other claims. To the extent that we believe these contingencies
will probably be realized, they have been recorded in the balance sheet.
As
discussed in “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Critical Accounting
Policies—Contingencies—Unrecognized exposures”, these have been estimated at
R$1,241.1 million at December 31, 2004 but are not considered
commitments.
78
Directors,
Senior Management and Employees
DIRECTORS,
SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
The
Board
of Directors and the executive officers oversee AmBev’s administration. The
Board of Directors is comprised of three to 15 members who must be shareholders
of AmBev and provides the overall strategic direction of AmBev. Directors
are
elected at general shareholders’ meetings for a three-year term, reelection
being permitted. Day-to-day management is delegated to the executive officers
of
AmBev, who must number at least two but no more than 15. The Board of Directors
appoints executive officers for a three-year term, reelection being permitted.
The AmBev shareholders’ agreement regulates the election of directors of AmBev
by the controlling shareholders. See “Major Shareholders and Related Party
Transactions—AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement—Management of AmBev”.
Directors
The
following table sets forth information with respect to the directors of
AmBev:
Board
of Directors(1)
Name
Age(2)
Position
Director
of
AmBev
Since
Term
Expires
Victório
Carlos De Marchi
66
Co-Chairman
and Director
1999
2008
John
Franklin Brock, III
64
Co
Chairman and Director
2005
2008
Marcel
Herrmann Telles
55
Director
1999
2008
Carlos
Alberto da Veiga Sicupira
57
Director
1999
2008
José
Heitor Attilio Gracioso
73
Director
1999
2008
Roberto
Herbster Gusmão
82
Director
1999
2008
Vicente
Falconi Campos
64
Director
1999
2008
Luis
Felipe Pedreira Dutra Leite
39
Director
2005
2008
Brent
David Willis
45
Director
2005
2008
Alternate
Members
Jorge
Paulo Lemann
65
Alternate
Director
1999
2008
Roberto
Moses Thompson Motta
47
Alternate
Director
1999
2008
_______________________
(1)
Victório
Carlos De Marchi, Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors of AmBev,
was
appointed by the FAHZ, the former controlling shareholder of
Antarctica,
while John Franklin Brock, III, Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors,
is
also a Chief Executive Officer of InBev S.A./N.V. InBev Brasil
appointed
two additional directors—Marcel Herrmann Telles and Carlos Alberto
Sicupira. The FAHZ appointed two additional directors—José Heitor Attílio
Gracioso and Roberto Herbster Gusmão. InBev S.A./N.V. appointed two
additional directors—Luis Felipe Pedreira Dutra Leite and Brent David
Willis, according to the terms of AmBev’s bylaws. Both alternate directors
were appointed by InBev Brasil. The alternate members of the
Board of
Directors of AmBev are appointed in order to replace, if and
when
necessary, any of the directors appointed by InBev
Brasil.
The
following are brief biographies of each of AmBev’s directors:
Victório
Carlos De Marchi.
Mr. De
Marchi is the Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors of AmBev. Mr. De
Marchi
joined Companhia Antarctica Paulista in 1961 and held various positions during
his tenure, including Chief Executive Officer from 1998 to April 2000. Mr.
De
Marchi was also president of the Brewing Industry National
Association until February 2002 and is a party to the Orientation
Committee
of FAHZ. He is also a board member of Quinsa. Mr. De Marchi has a
degree
in economics from Faculdade de Economia, Finanças e Administracão de São
Paulo and a law degree from Faculdade de Direito de São Bernardo do
Campo. His principal business address is Rua Dr. Renato Paes de Barros
1017, 4th
floor,
São Paulo, Brazil.
John
Franklin Brock III.
Mr.
Brock is the Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors of AmBev. He also serves
as
Chief Executive Officer of InBev S.A./N.V., a position which he assumed in
February 2003. Mr. Brock has a masters degree in chemical engineering from
the
Georgia Institute of Technology. His principal business address is
Brouwerijplein 1,3000, City of Leuven, Belgium.
79
Marcel
Herrmann Telles.
Mr.
Telles is a member of the Board of Directors of AmBev. He served as Chief
Executive Officer of Companhia Cervejaria Brahma from 1989 to 1999. Currently,
he is also a member of the Board of Directors of Lojas Americanas S.A. Mr.
Telles has a degree in economics from Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro and attended the Owners/Presidents Management Program at Harvard
Business School. His principal business address is Rua Dr. Renato Paes de
Barros, 1017, 4th floor, São Paulo, Brazil.
Carlos
Alberto da Veiga Sicupira.
Mr.
Sicupira is a member of the Board of Directors of AmBev. He also served as
a
member of the Board of Directors of Brahma from 1990 until 1999. He is also
currently a board member of São Carlos Empreendimentos e Participações and Lojas
Americanas S.A. He has also been a member of the Board of Associates of Harvard
Business School since 1988 and is currently a board member of Quinsa. Mr.
Sicupira has a degree in business administration from the Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro and a degree from the Harvard Business School.
His principal business address is Rua Dr. Renato Paes de Barros, 1017, 15th
floor, São Paulo, Brazil.
José
Heitor Attílio Gracioso.
Mr.
Gracioso is a member of the Board of Directors of AmBev. Mr. Gracioso joined
Companhia Antarctica Paulista in 1946 and held various positions during his
tenure. In 1994, Mr. Gracioso was elected to Companhia Antarctica Paulista’s
Board of Directors and, in 1999, he was elected Chairman of the Board of
Directors, a position he held until April 2000. He holds a degree in marketing
from the Escola Superior de Propaganda de São Paulo, a degree in business
administration from Fundação Getúlio Vargas and a degree in law from
Faculdade de Direito de São Bernardo do Campo. His principal business
address is Av. Brig. Faria Lima, 3900, 11th floor, São Paulo,
Brazil.
Roberto
Herbster Gusmão.
Mr.
Gusmão is a member of the Board of Directors of AmBev. He was previously
Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors of Companhia Antarctica Paulista
from
1998 until April 2000. Mr. Gusmão was Chief Executive Officer of Cervejaria
Antarctica-Niger S.A. from 1968 to 1982, and from 1986 to 1997. He was the
Brazilian Minister of Trade and Industry from 1985 to 1986 and CEO of Banco
de Desenvolvimento do Estado de São Paulo from 1982 to 1983. Mr. Gusmão was
also a professor and founder of graduation and post-graduate programs at
Fundação Getulio Vargas from 1954 to 1969. Mr. Gusmão has a law degree
from Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Minas Gerais. His
principal business address is Av. Brig. Faria Lima, 3900, 11th floor, São Paulo,
Brazil.
Vicente
Falconi Campos.
Mr.
Campos is a member of the Board of Directors of AmBev. He is also a member
of
the Institutional Council of Instituto
de Desenvolvimento Gerencial
(“INDG”)
and is a member of the Board of Directors of Sadia. Mr. Campos is also
a
consultant for the Brazilian government and Brazilian and multinational
companies such as Grupo Gerdau, Grupo Votorantim and Mercedes Benz. He
holds a
degree in Mining and Metal Engineering from Universidade Federal de Minas
Gerais, and M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from the Colorado School of Mines.
His
principal business address is Av. Contorno, 7962, 10th floor, Belo Horizonte,
Brazil.
Luis
Felipe Pedreira Dutra Leite.
Mr.
Dutra is a member of the Board of Directors of AmBev. He also serves,
since
January 2005, as Chief Financial Officer of InBev S.A./N.V. He joined
Brahma in
1990 and has held numerous positions during his tenure, including of
Chief
Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer of AmBev. Mr. Dutra
holds a
degree in economics and an MBA in financial management from Universidade
de São Paulo.
His
principal business address is Brouwerijplein 1, 3000 city of Leuven,
Belgium.
Brent
David Willis. Mr.
Willis is a member of the Board of Directors of AmBev. He also serves
as
Commercial Officer of InBev S.A./N.V., a position which he assumed in
the second
half of 2003. Mr. Willis holds an MBA from the University of Chicago.
His
principal business address is Brouwerijplein 1, 3000, city of Leuven,
Belgium.
Jorge
Paulo Lemann.
Mr.
Lemann is an alternate member of the Board of Directors of AmBev. He is also
a
member of the Board of Directors of Lojas Americanas S.A. and Swiss Re. He
is
the Chairman of the Latin American Advisory Committee of the New York Stock
Exchange, founder and board member of Fundação Estudar, which provides
scholarships for students in Brazil, and also a member of the Advisory Board
of
DaimlerChrysler. He previously served as a member of the Board of Directors
of
Brahma from 1990 to 2001. He holds a BA degree from Harvard Business School,
class of 1961. His principal business address is Rua Dr. Renato Paes de Barros,
1017, 15th floor, São Paulo, Brazil.
80
Roberto
Moses Thompson Motta.
Mr.
Thompson is an alternate member of the Board of Directors of AmBev. He is
also a
board member of Lojas Americanas S.A. and of Quinsa. He worked in the investment
banking division of Banco de Investimentos Garantia S.A. from 1986 to 1992.
He
holds a degree in engineering from Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio
de Janeiro, and an MBA from the Wharton School of the University of
Pennsylvania. His principal business address is Av. Brig. Faria Lima, 3729,
7th
floor, São Paulo, Brazil.
Executive
Officers
The
following table sets forth information with respect to the executive officers
of
AmBev:
Name
Age(1)
Position
Current
Position Held Since
Term
Expires
Carlos
Alves de Brito(2)
45
Chief
Executive Officer for North America
2005
2007
Luiz
Fernando Ziegler de Saint Edmond(3)
39
Chief
Executive Officer for Latin America
2005
2007
Juan
Manuel Vergara Galvis(4)
45
Executive
Officer for Hispanic Latin America
2004
2007
João
Mauricio Giffoni de Castro Neves(5)
38
Chief
Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer
Mr.
Brito has been an Executive Officer since 2000; however, he was
appointed
Chief Executive Officer for North America in 2005.
(3)
Mr.
Edmond has been an Executive Officer since 2004; however, he was
appointed
Chief Executive Officer for Latin America in 2005.
(4)
Mr.
Vergara has been an Executive Officer since 2000; however, he was
appointed Executive Officer for Hispanic Latin America in
2005.
(5)
Mr.
Castro Neves has been an Executive Officer since 2003; however,
he was
appointed Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer
in 2004.
(6)
Mr.
Braz Ferro has been an Executive Officer since 2000; however, he
was
appointed Industrial Executive Officer in 2005.
(7)
Mr.
Wuerkert has been an Executive Officer since 2003; however, he
was
appointed People and Management Executive Officer in
2004.
The
following are brief biographies of each of AmBev’s executive officers:
Carlos
Alves de Brito.
Mr. Brito is the Chief Executive Officer for North America of AmBev. He
joined
Brahma in 1989 and has held various management positions during his tenure.
He
served as Chief Operating Officer of AmBev from 1999 to 2003 and as Chief
Executive Officer of AmBev in 2004. Mr. Brito holds a degree in mechanical
engineering from the Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro
and an MBA from Stanford University. His principal business address is
Labatt
House, 207, Queen’s West, Suite 299, P.O. Box 133, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada.
Luiz
Fernando Ziegler de Saint Edmond.
Mr.
Edmond is AmBev’s Chief Executive Officer for Latin America. He joined the
Company in 1990 in the first group of trainees of Brahma and held various
positions in the Distribution, Commercial and Direct Distribution Departments.
He was Sales Officer from 2002 to 2004. Mr. Edmond has an engineering degree
from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. His principal business
address is Rua Dr. Renato Paes de Barros, 1017, 4th floor, São Paulo,
Brazil.
Juan
Manuel Vergara Galvis.
Mr.
Galvis is AmBev’s Executive Officer for Hispanic Latin America. He served as
AmBev’s Carbonated Soft Drinks and Non-alcoholic Non-Carbonated Beverages
Officer from 2001 to
81
2003
and
as International Operating Officer in 2004. He was also the Marketing Officer
of
Brahma and AmBev from 1997 to 2000. He is also a board member of Quinsa. He
holds a degree in business administration from Colegio de Estudos Superiores
de Administración, in Bogota, Colombia. His principal business address is
Rua Dr. Renato Paes de Barros, 1017, 4th
floor,
São Paulo, Brazil.
João
Maurício Giffoni de Castro Neves. Mr.
Neves
is AmBev’s Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer. He began
working for Brahma in 1996, where he served in various departments, such
as
Mergers and Acquisitions, Treasury, Investor Relations, New Businesses,
Technology and Shared Services, and Carbonated Soft Drinks and Non-Alcoholic
Non-Carbonated Beverages. He is also a board member of Quinsa. He
has a
degree in engineering from Pontifícia
Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro,
and
holds an MBA from the University of Illinois. His principal business address
is
Rua Dr. Renato Paes de Barros, 1017, 4th
floor,
São Paulo, Brazil.
Bernardo
Pinto Paiva.
Mr.
Paiva is AmBev’s Sales Executive Officer. He joined Brahma as a trainee in 1991
and has held various positions in the Financial, Marketing and Sales
departments. He was Regional Officer in Rio de Janeiro and Logistics and
Supply
Executive Officer. He has a degree in production engineering from Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
He also
holds a post-graduate degree in marketing from Pontifícia
Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro
and an
executive graduate diploma from London Business School. His
principal business address is Rua Dr. Renato Paes de Barros, 1017, 4th
floor,
São Paulo, Brazil.
Carlos
Eduardo Klützenschell Lisboa.
Mr.
Lisboa is AmBev’s Marketing Executive Officer. He joined the Company in 1993 and
has held the positions of Regional Marketing Manager, Domestic Operating
Manager
and Skol’s Marketing Manager. He has a degree in business administration from
Universidade Católica de Pernambuco and holds a postgraduate degree in
marketing from Universidade Católica de Pernambuco. His principal
business address is Rua Dr. Renato Paes de Barros, 1017, 4th
floor,
São Paulo, Brazil.
Cláudio
Braz Ferro.
Mr.
Ferro is the Industrial Executive Officer of AmBev. He joined Brahma in 1977
as
a Brew Master and was responsible for the production and bottling divisions.
In
1984, he was appointed Manager of the Industrial Department and, in 1990,
Manager of the Rio de Janeiro plant. He holds a degree in industrial chemistry
from Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. His
principal business address is Rua Dr. Renato Paes de Barros, 1017, 4th
floor,
São Paulo, Brazil.
Francisco
de Sá Neto.
Mr. Sá
is AmBev’s Carbonated Soft Drinks Executive Officer. He joined the Company in
1998 and has held various positions in the areas of Sales and Direct
Distribution. He was also the Regional Officer in Southern Brazil. He has
a
degree in civil engineering from Universidade
Federal da Bahia and holds an
MBA from
University of California, Berkeley. His principal business address is Rua
Dr.
Renato Paes de Barros, 1017, 4th
floor,
São Paulo, Brazil.
Milton
Seligman.
Mr.
Seligman is AmBev’s Corporate Issues Executive Officer. He joined the Company in
2001 and has held the positions of Governmental Relations Officer and
Communication Officer. Mr. Seligman served, among others, as Chairman and
member
of the Board of Directors of the Brazilian Development Bank (“BNDES”), as well
as Minister of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (Substitute Minister)
from 1999 to 2000. He has a degree in electrical engineering from
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. His principal business address is
Rua Dr. Renato Paes de Barros, 1017, 4th
floor,
São Paulo, Brazil.
Pedro
de Abreu Mariani.
Mr.
Mariani is the General Counsel of AmBev. He joined the Company in 2004. He
holds
a law degree from Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro
and a LL.M. from the London School of Economics and Political Science. His
principal business address is Rua Dr. Renato Paes de Barros, 1017, 4th
floor,
São Paulo, Brazil.
Ricardo
Bacellar Wuekert.
Mr.
Wuekert is AmBev’s People and Management Executive Officer. He joined Brahma in
1991 and has held the positions of Marketing Manager, Northeastern Regional
Officer and International Operating Manager. He has a degree in mechanical
engineering from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, and holds an
MBA from COPPEAD-RJ. His principal business address is Rua Dr. Renato Paes
de
Barros, 1017, 4th
floor,
São Paulo, Brazil.
82
Board
Practices and Corporate Governance
In
2004,
we held numerous meetings with investors and analysts. We also participated
in
conferences and road shows in Brazil, the United States and Europe. We
host
quarterly conference calls, transmitted simultaneously on the Internet,
to
clarify financial and operating results as well as answer questions from
the
investment community. We also organize site visits for investors and
analysts.
Fiscal
Committee(Conselho
Fiscal)
At
AmBev’s Annual and Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 12,2005, we approved an amendment of our by-laws to transform the Conselho
Fiscal
into a
permanent body and appointed the following members for a term expiring
upon our
next Ordinary Annual Shareholders’ Meeting: Alcides Lopes Tápias, Álvaro Antônio
Cardoso de Souza and Antônio Luiz Benevides Xavier, and, as alternates,
respectively, Ary Waddington, Emmanuel Sotelino Schifferle and Nilson
José
Bulgueroni.
The
responsibilities of the Conselho
Fiscal
include
supervision of management, performing analyses and rendering opinions
regarding
AmBev’s financial statements and performing other duties in accordance with
Brazilian Corporate Law. None of the members of the Conselho
Fiscal
is also
a member of the Board of Directors or of the Executive Committee.
In
addition, we have relied on the exemption provided for under Rule 10A-3(c)
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which enables us to have the Conselho
Fiscal
perform
the duties of an audit committee for the purposes of such Act, to the
extent
permitted by Brazilian law. We do not believe that reliance on this exemption
would materially adversely affect the ability of our Conselho
Fiscal
to act
independently and to satisfy the other requirements of such Act.
The
Board of Directors
Except
for Messrs. Luis Felipe Pedreira Dutra Leite, John Franklin Brock,
III and
Brent David Willis, who were appointed members of the Board of Directors
in
2005, all of the current members and alternate members of the Board of Directors
of AmBev have been members since 1999 and had their mandates renewed in 2005
until 2008.
The
Board
members use their extensive knowledge of the business to ensure that AmBev
reaches its long-term goals and maintains its short-term competitiveness.
Also,
the Board of Directors ensures that AmBev pursues its short-term business
goals
without compromising the Company’s long-term growth, while ensuring that AmBev’s
corporate values are practiced and known.
The
Company’s Co-Chairmen of the Board of Directors and the Chief Executive
Officers are separate positions held by different people. The Board of Directors
is supported in its decision-making by the following committees:
Executive
Committee
The
Executive Committee is the main link between the policies and decisions made
by
the Board of Directors and AmBev’s management team. The Executive Committee’s
explicit responsibilities are:
·
to
present medium- and long-term planning proposals to the Board of
Directors;
·
to
analyze, propose and monitor AmBev’s annual performance targets and the
budgets needed to attain the projected goals;
·
to
monitor AmBev’s standing through analysis of its results and market
developments;
·
to
analyze, propose and monitor the uniformization of best practices;
and
·
to
analyze and monitor the performance of our trademarks, as well
as our
innovation strategies.
83
The
Committee is also responsible for opining on recruiting programs, variable
compensation policies and the spreading of our culture.
Current
members of the committee are Messrs. Victório Carlos De Marchi (President),
Marcel Herrmann Telles, Carlos Alberto da Veiga Sicupira and Luis Felipe
Pedreira Dutra Leite. Throughout the year, the Executive Committee holds
at
least six meetings.
Compliance
Committee
The
Compliance Committee’s responsibilities are to assist the Board of Directors in
the following matters:
·
related
party transactions;
·
conflict
of interest situations;
·
compliance,
by AmBev, with legal, regulatory and statutory provisions concerning
related party transactions;
·
monitoring
and analysis of our internal controls;
·
monitoring
and analysis of our tax profile;
and
·
other
matters the Board of Directors may consider relevant and in the
interest
of AmBev.
Current
members of the Compliance Committee are Messrs. Victório Carlos De Marchi
(President), José Heitor Attílio Gracioso, John Franklin Brock III, Vicente
Falconi Campos and Luis Felipe Pedreira Dutra Leite. Throughout
the year, the Compliance Committee holds at least four meetings.
Finance
Committee
The
Finance Committee analyzes and monitors our annual investment plan. This
Committee assesses merger and acquisition opportunities before forwarding
them
to the Board of Directors. It is also the Finance Committee’s responsibility to
evaluate the capital structure and cash flow of AmBev. In addition, the Finance
Committee is responsible for analyzing and monitoring our risk policy and
profile.
Current
members of the Finance Committee are Messrs. Luis Felipe Pedreira Dutra
Leite
(President), Marcel Herrmann Telles, Victório Carlos de Marchi, Carlos Alberto
da Veiga Sicupira and Roberto Moses Thompson Motta.
Throughout
the year, the Finance Committee holds at least four meetings, in which are
discussed, among other matters: budget; financial risk analysis; treasury
policy; and merger and acquisition opportunities.
Consulting
Committee
A
Consulting Committee formed of three independent members appointed by the
Board
of Directors for terms of three years, was created in 2003. The Consulting
Committee has the following functions:
84
·
to
issue opinions to the Shareholders’ General Meetings concerning the
conducting of the business and compliance with statutory obligations
by
the Company’s senior management; the Company’s management discussion and
analysis report; and any submissions to be made by the Board of
Directors
to the Shareholders’ General
Meetings;
·
to
provide economic, industry and commercial data to the Board of
Directors
related to the Company’s main business purposes, including opinions and
recommendations; and
·
to
make recommendations concerning new business and general issues
submitted
to their consultation.
85
The
current members of the Consulting Committee, with terms expiring in
2006,
are: Messrs. José de Maio Pereira da Silva, Paulo Cezar Castello Branco Chaves
de Aragão and Ary Oswaldo Mattos Filho.
Compensation
The
aggregate remuneration of all members of the Board of Directors and senior
management of AmBev in 2004 for services in all capacities amounted to
R$37.7 million,
including variable pay (bonuses). In addition, the members of the
Board of
Directors and senior management received some additional benefits provided
to
all AmBev employees and their beneficiaries and covered dependents, such
as
medical assistance, educational expenses and supplementary social security
benefits. All such benefits were provided through the FAHZ and, prior to
October27, 2000, by the BWF. The Board of Directors and AmBev’s senior management also
receive benefits pursuant to AmBev’s pension, profit sharing plan, and stock
ownership plan, which is not included in the amount above. For a description
of
these plans see below.
On
various dates in 2004 and 2005, pursuant to our stock ownership plan, we
acquired from our directors and executive officers a total of 345.3 million
preferred shares held directly by each of them which had been subscribed
to by
each of them upon the exercise of certain rights to acquire shares granted
to
each of them under our stock ownership plan. Such directors and executive
officers sold their preferred shares to us more than 60 months after each
of
them acquired such shares, for which we paid R$237.2 million, which was
the
market price of the shares at the time we bought them, calculated pursuant
to
the terms of the stock ownership plan.
There
are
no benefits in kind provided to the directors of AmBev. Neither are there
agreements between AmBev and any of its directors providing for benefits
upon
termination of employment.
Employees
As
of
December 31, 2004, AmBev and its subsidiaries (except Quinsa and its
subsidiaries) had approximately 25,974 employees, approximately 47%
of whom
were engaged in production, 41% of whom were engaged in sales and distribution
and 12% of whom were engaged in administration.
The
following table sets forth the number of employees of AmBev and its subsidiaries
(except Quinsa and its subsidiaries) as of the end of the years
indicated:
In
1995,
Brahma created the Brahma University (now “AmBev University”) to train and
enhance our employees’ performance, and the performance of our distributors’
employees. In 2004, the AmBev University provided specific training for
2,235 employees and its distributors, totaling 8,500 hours
of
training. At the management level, AmBev’s senior management and executive
officers participate in several business and technical training programs
at
leading United States and European universities. Training schools in our
major
facilities provide courses, mainly technical in nature, for supervisory and
operating personnel. Together with Sindicerv, the Brazilian beer producers’
association, AmBev also has established a training school in the city of
Vassouras, near Rio de Janeiro, which includes a micro brewery, bottling
line
and malting plant. AmBev also maintains a partnership with SIEBEL Institute
in
Chicago and with Dömens Academie in Munich, Germany, where its personnel
responsible for beer production are introduced to new worldwide technologies
and
are able to visit other brewers and equipment suppliers.
AmBev
operates AmBev TV, a proprietary distance-learning tool operated over
a
secure satellite broadcasting system that connects all of AmBev’s business units
and a majority of our third-party distributors. In 2004, we provided
standardized effective training to nearly 13,000 sales people. The
television program coursework is reinforced and supplemented with online
testing
to closely monitor the learning process of each sales person, allowing us
to
pinpoint weaknesses and then act to provide individual training programs,
as
well as providing feedback to improve the quality of the broadcast. AmBev
believes that its personnel are well trained and kept abreast of current
technical and business developments.
Industrial
Relations
All
of
AmBev’s employees in Brazil are represented by labor unions, but only
approximately 6% of its employees in Brazil are actually members of labor
unions. The number of administrative and distribution employees who are members
of labor unions is not significant. Salary negotiations are conducted annually
between the workers’ unions and AmBev. Collective bargaining agreements are
negotiated separately for each facility or distribution center. AmBev’s
collective bargaining agreements have a term of one year, and AmBev usually
enters into new collective bargaining agreements on or prior to the expiration
of the existing agreements. AmBev believes that its relation with its employees
is satisfactory, and there have been no strikes or significant labor disputes
in
the past ten years.
Approximately
60% of our employees in our North America operations are represented by unions.
Unionized employees are usually employees working within the production or
distribution departments of the company, except for our operations in Quebec,
which is approximately 95% unionized with both sales and office administration
employees belonging to unions. The company has been working together with
its
unions to obtain operating flexibility in exchange for improved wages and
benefits. However, in the past years there have been disputes in some of
our
locations, which curtailed our activities in such places. For example, in
2002,
in London (Canada), we experienced a 4-month lockout. Similarly, in 2003
we were
subject to a 3-month strike at our Montreal unit. Recently, at St. Johns,
we
also had a strike that lasted for 3 weeks.
Health
and Severance Benefits
In
addition to wages, AmBev’s employees receive additional benefits from AmBev.
Some of these benefits are mandatory under Brazilian law, some are provided
for
in collective bargaining agreements, and others are voluntarily given by
AmBev.
The benefits packages of AmBev’s employees consist of benefits provided both by
AmBev directly and by AmBev through the FAHZ, which provides medical, dental,
educational and social assistance to current and retired employees of AmBev
and
their beneficiaries and covered dependents, either for free or at a reduced
cost. AmBev may voluntarily contribute up to 10% of its consolidated net
income,
as determined in accordance with Brazilian Corporate law and AmBev’s bylaws, to
support the FAHZ.
AmBev
is
required to contribute 8.5% of each Brazilian employee’s gross pay to an account
maintained in the employee’s name in the Government Severance Indemnity Fund
(“FGTS”). Under Brazilian law, AmBev is also required to pay termination
benefits to Brazilian employees dismissed without just cause, equal to 50%
of
the accumulated contributions made by AmBev to the FGTS during the employee’s
period of service.
We
provide health and benefits in accordance with local law for our employees
located in our HILA-ex and North American operations.
Stock
Ownership Plan
AmBev
has
a stock ownership plan designed to attract and retain the services of qualified
directors, executives and employees. As of December 31, 2004, the plan had
outstanding and exercisable rights to acquire
86
651,036 shares
of AmBev. The plan is administered by a committee, which periodically creates
programs under the stock ownership plan defining the terms and employees
to be
included, and establishes the price at which the rights to acquire shares
are to
be issued. This price may not be less than 90% of the average price of the
shares traded on the stock market on the previous three business days, adjusted
by an inflation index to be defined by the committee for each program. The
number of shares which may be granted in each year cannot exceed 5% of the
total
number of preferred shares outstanding of each type of shares. When shares
are
acquired by the employee, AmBev issues new shares or transfers treasury shares
to the option holder. Stock ownership rights granted have no final date to
be
exercised. When the grantee leaves the Company (other than upon retirement),
the
rights to acquire shares are forfeited. If an employee decides to sell shares
acquired under the plan or an employee leaves AmBev, AmBev has the right
to buy
such shares at a price equal to:
·
the
inflation indexed price paid by such employee, if the employee
sells the
shares during the first 30 months after shares are acquired by
the
employee;
·
50%
of the inflation indexed price paid by such employee, plus 50%
of the
prevailing market price, if the employee sells the shares after
the first
30 months but before the 60th month after shares are acquired by
the
employee; or
·
the
market price, if the employee sells the shares more than 60 months
after
shares are acquired by the
employee.
For
plans
granted prior to 2003, the subscription price of the shares could be paid
over
time, such period normally not exceeding four years and at an interest rate
of
8% per annum over a designated general price index. These deferred payment
rights are guaranteed by the shares which will be acquired under the plan.
Due
to the enactment of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we have ceased to grant such
deferred payment rights for any subsequent stock ownership plans. Nevertheless,
advances granted prior to 2003 to employees are grandfathered. At
December 31, 2004 the outstanding balance of the advances to employees
amounted to R$175.2 million
and is classified as an asset under Brazilian GAAP and a deduction from
shareholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP.
AmBev
Pension Plan
AmBev’s
pension plans are administered by the AmBev Pension Fund (Instituto
AmBev de Previdencia Privada
- IAPP).
The
AmBev
Pension Fund operates both a defined benefit pension plan and a defined
contribution plan, which supplements benefits that the Brazilian government
social security system provides to our employees. The AmBev Pension Fund
was
established solely for the benefit of our employees and its assets are held
independently. IAPP is managed by the IAPP Council Board or Conselho
Deliberativo which has four members, three of which are appointed by AmBev
and the IAPP Director Board or Diretoria Executiva which has three
members, all of which are appointed by the IAPP Council Board. IAPP also
has a
Fiscal Council with three members, two of which are appointed by the IAPP
Council Board.
The
AmBev
Pension Fund is available to both active and retired employees. Three months
after joining us, employees may opt to join the defined contribution plan.
Upon
leaving (unless upon retirement) members are required to leave the AmBev
Pension
Fund. Members who joined after 1990 and request to leave will receive their
contributions in a single inflation indexed installment.
As
of
December 31, 2004, we had 6,248 participants in our pension plans,
3,296
participants in the defined benefit plan, including 2,326 retired participants,
and 2,952 participants in the defined contribution plan, including
23
retired participants.
Prior
to
May 1998, when the defined contribution plan was launched, there was only
a
defined benefit plan. The defined benefit plan was closed to new participants
as
of that date. New employees of AmBev can only join the defined contribution
plan. At the time of adoption of the defined contribution plan, active
participants were given the option either to remain in the old plan, or transfer
their accumulated benefits to the defined contribution plan. The defined
contribution plan covers substantially all new employees.
Pension
costs relating to the AmBev contributed to IAPP for the year ended December31,2004 were approximately R$3.9 million compared to R$ 4.4 million
in
2003.
87
The
plan
assets are comprised principally of time deposits and equity securities
(including 9,595,170 preferred shares and 88,664,850 common
shares of
AmBev with a total market value of R$128.9 million as of December31,2004), government securities and properties. All benefits are calculated
and
paid in inflation indexed Reais.
Profit-Sharing
Plan
AmBev’s
bylaws provide for the distribution of up to 10% of AmBev’s net income, as
determined in accordance with Brazilian GAAP, to its employees. Executive
officers are eligible for profit sharing in an amount not to exceed the lower
of
their annual remuneration or 5% of AmBev’s net income in the aggregate.
Payments
under AmBev’s profit sharing plan are subject to the availability of cash
resources of AmBev. Executive officers’ bonuses are determined based upon the
achievement of corporate, department or business-unit and individual goals,
established by the Board of Directors. All other employees of AmBev are entitled
to performance-based variable bonuses calculated on an annual basis.
Among
all
employees, up to 70% of our administrative employees and up
to 60% of
production, sales and distribution employees, can be awarded bonuses. The
distribution of these bonuses is subject to a three-tier system in which
AmBev
must first achieve efficiency targets approved by the Board of Directors.
Following that, each business unit must achieve its targets and finally
individual performance is ranked.
Our
annual targets may be changed by the Board of Directors. For employees involved
in operations, we have a collective award for production sites and distribution
centers with outstanding performances. The bonus award at the plant level
is
based on a ranking between the different plants, which based on their relative
ranking may or may not receive the bonus.
Expenses
of AmBev provisioned under these programs amounted to R$152.4 millions
for
the year ended December 31, 2004, R$23.6 million for the year ended
December 31, 2003 and R$125.1 million for the year ended December31, 2002.
Bonuses,
commissions and collective awards to be shared among employees depend on
the
operating results of AmBev and performance reviews based on individual and
collective targets.
In
the
past, variable compensation used to be calculated based on AmBev’s annual EVA.
Due to AmBev’s increased international expansion and the resulting complexity of
the EVA calculation, in 2004 AmBev changed the payment model, and established
the following:
·
Administrative
employees:
a
total of approximately 4,000 administrative employees were eligible
for
variable compensation in 2004. Depending on their individual performance
reviews, these employees received a multiple of 0x, 7x or 14x their
annual
salary. Each department was subject to a discount in the referred
multiples depending on their respective percentage of results
achieved.
·
Industrial,
sales and distribution employees:
these employees are given productivity incentives across the Company
through set standards, tools and management methods.
Business units compete against each other for prizes and bonuses.
Prizes
and bonuses were awarded in 2004 to employees from the
top 18 manufacturing plants and 14 sales
and
distribution units. Business units ranking in first place for three
years
are granted the “Quality Ambassador”
title.
These
rules did not apply to our North America operations since Labatt was only
merged
into AmBev on August 27, 2004. In 2004, Labatt employees were compensated
based on InBev’s system, and received a total of C$12.1 million
in variable compensation.
AmBev’s
variable compensation system is under review to better serve AmBev's
new
and expanded structure. However, the new system will continue to be based
on
AmBev's operating results and subject to the achievement of corporate
targets.
88
Director
and Senior Management Share Ownership
The
following table shows the amount, type and percentage of class of our equity
securities held by members of our Board of Directors and by senior management
as
of May 31, 2005:
Name
Amount
and Percentage
of
Common Shares
Amount
and Percentage
of
Preferred Shares
Victório
Carlos De Marchi(1)
*
*
John
Franklin Brock, III
*
*
Marcel
Herrmann Telles(2)
*
*
Carlos
Alberto da Veiga Sicupira(3)
*
*
José
Heitor Attílio Gracioso(4)
*
*
Roberto
Herbster Gusmão(5)
*
*
Vicente
Falconi Campos
*
*
Luis
Felipe Pedreira Dutra Leite
*
*
Brent
David Willis
*
*
Jorge
Paulo Lemann(6)
*
*
Roberto
Moses Thompson Motta(7)
*
*
Carlos
Alves de Brito
*
*
Luiz
Fernando Ziegler de Saint Edmond
*
*
Juan
Manuel Vergara Galvis
*
*
Joáo
Mauricio Giffoni de Castro Neves
*
*
Bernardo
Pinto Paiva
*
*
Carlos
Eduardo Klützenschell Lisboa
*
*
Cláudio
Braz Ferro
*
*
Francisco
de Sá Neto
*
*
Milton
Seligman
*
*
Pedro
de Abreu Mariani
*
*
Ricardo
Bacellar Wuerkert
*
*
_________________
*
Indicates
that the individual holds less than 1% of the class of securities.
(1)
Mr.
De Marchi is a trustee of the FAHZ. For information regarding
the
shareholding of the FAHZ, see “Major Shareholders and Related Party
Transactions—AmBev’s Major Shareholders”.
(2)
Does
not include 25,175,834,643 common shares and 11,398,181,319
preferred
shares owned by InBev Brasil. Mr. Telles owns indirectly 2.61%
of the
voting capital of AmBev, and is also an intervening party to
the AmBev
Shareholders’ Agreement. See “Major Shareholders and Related Party
Transactions—Major Shareholders—AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement”. Mr. Telles
is also a trustee of the FAHZ. For information regarding the
shareholdings
of the FAHZ, see “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions— Major
Shareholders—AmBev’s Major Shareholders”.
(3)
Does
not include 25,175,834,643 common shares and 11,398,181,319
preferred
shares owned by InBev Brasil Mr. Sicupira owns indirectly 2.20%
of the
voting capital of AmBev, and is also an intervening party to
the AmBev
Shareholders’ Agreement. See “Major Shareholders and Related Party
Transactions—Major Shareholders—AmBev Shareholders’
Agreement”.
(4)
Mr.
Gracioso is a trustee of the FAHZ. For information regarding
the
shareholding of the FAHZ, see “Major Shareholders and Related Party
Transactions— Major Shareholders—AmBev’s Major Shareholders”.
(5)
Mr.
Gusmão is a trustee of the FAHZ. For information regarding the
shareholding of the FAHZ, see “Major Shareholders and Related Party
Transactions— Major Shareholders—AmBev’s Major Shareholders”.
(6)
Does
not include 25,175,834,643 common shares and 11,398,181,319
preferred
shares owned by InBev Brasil. Mr. Lemann owns indirectly 5.84%
of the
voting capital of AmBev, and
is also an intervening party to the AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement. See
“Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major
Shareholders—AmBev Shareholders’
Agreement”.
(7)
Does
not include 25,175,834,643 common shares owned by InBev
Brasil. Mr.
Motta is an executive officer of InBev Brasil.
89
DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE BRAZILIAN CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE
PRACTICES
The
SEC
approved in November 2003 the new corporate governance rules established
by the
NYSE. According to these rules, foreign private issuers that are listed
on the
NYSE must disclose the significant ways in which their corporate governance
practices differ from the corporate governance standards established by
the
NYSE.
In
Brazil, the CVM has provided guidance to the market with a set of
recommendations on differentiated corporate governance practices which are
not
yet required but strongly recommended. Additionally, the Bovespa and the
IBGC–Brazilian
Institute of Corporate Governance have developed guidelines to help with
the
dissemination of corporate governance practices.
The
principal differences between the NYSE corporate governance standards and
our
corporate governance practices are as follows:
INDEPENDENCE
OF DIRECTORS AND INDEPENDENCE TESTS
NYSE
corporate governance standards require listed companies to have a majority
of
independent directors and set forth the principles by which a listed company
can
determine whether a director is independent. “Controlled companies” such as
AmBev need not comply with this requirement.
The
Brazilian Corporate Law and our bylaws require that our directors be
elected by
our shareholders at a general shareholders meeting. Currently, all of
our
directors are appointed by our controlling shareholders; minority shareholders
are represented through one seat in our Conselho
Fiscal.
The
Brazilian Corporate Law and the CVM establish rules in relation to certain
qualification requirements and restrictions, investiture, compensation,
duties
and responsibilities of a company’s executives and directors.
EXECUTIVE
SESSIONS
NYSE
corporate governance standards require non-management directors of a listed
company to meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without
management.
According
to the Brazilian Corporate Law, up to one-third of the members of the Board
of
Directors can also hold management positions. However, none of our directors
holds a management position at this time and, accordingly, we believe we
would
be in compliance with this NYSE corporate governance standard.
NOMINATING/CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION COMMITTEES
NYSE
corporate governance standards require that a listed company have a
nominating/corporate governance committee and a compensation committee each
composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter that addresses
certain duties. “Controlled companies” such as AmBev need not comply with this
requirement.
In
addition, we are not required under Brazilian law to have, and accordingly
we do
not have, a nominating committee, corporate governance committee or compensation
committee. Currently, all of our directors are nominated by our controlling
shareholders. The role of the corporate governance committee is generally
performed by either our Board of Directors or our senior management. With
respect to compensation, under Brazilian Corporate Law, the shareholders
determine the total or individual compensation of a company’s directors and
executive officers, including benefits and allowances at a general shareholder’s
meeting.
AUDIT
COMMITTEE AND AUDIT COMMITTEE ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
NYSE
corporate governance standards require that a listed company have an audit
committee composed of three independent members that satisfy the independence
requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, with a written charter
that
addresses certain duties.
90
The
Brazilian Corporate Law requires us to have a non-permanent Conselho
Fiscal.
The
Conselho
Fiscal
operates
independently from our management and from our registered independent public
accounting firm. Its principal function is to examine the financial statements
of each fiscal year and provide a formal report to our shareholders. We
maintain
a permanent Conselho
Fiscal.
We are
relying on the exemption provided by Rule 10A-3(c)(3) and believe
that our
reliance on this exemption will not materially affect the ability of the
Conselho
Fiscal
to act
independently and to satisfy the other requirements of
Rule 10A-3.
SHAREHOLDER
APPROVAL OF EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS
NYSE
corporate governance standards require that shareholders of a listed company
must be given the opportunity to vote on all equity compensation plans and
material revisions thereto, subject to certain exceptions.
Our
Board
of Directors is responsible for voting on the issuance of new equity in
connection with our existing stock option plans, provided that the limit
of our
authorized capital is respected. Any issuance of new shares that exceeds
such
authorized capital is subject to shareholder approval.
CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE GUIDELINES
NYSE
corporate governance standards require that a listed company must adopt and
disclose corporate governance guidelines that address certain minimum specified
standards which include, director qualification standards, director
responsibilities, director access to management and independent advisors,
director compensation, director orientation and continuing education, management
succession, annual performance evaluation of the board.
We
believe the corporate governance guidelines applicable to us under Brazilian
Corporate Law are consistent with the guidelines established by the NYSE.
We
have
adopted and observe our Manual on Disclosure and use of Information and
policies
for Trading with Securities issued by AmBev which deals with the public
disclosure of all relevant information as per CVM’s guidelines, as well as with
rules relating to transactions involving the dealing by our management
in our
securities.
We
periodically update our investor relations website. We also host quarterly
conference calls with investors which are broadcasted live through the
internet.
CODE
OF BUSINESS CONDUCT
NYSE
corporate governance standards require that a listed company must adopt and
disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and
employees and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or
officers.
We
have
adopted a Code of Business Conduct that applies to all officers and employees.
There are no waivers to our Code of Business Conduct. We amended the code
on
May 2, 2005, in order to improve its contents.
CERTIFICATION
REQUIREMENTS
NYSE
corporate governance standards require that each listed company’s Chief
Executive Officer certify to the NYSE each year that he or she is not aware
of
any violation by the company of the NYSE corporate governance
standards.
As
required by Section 303A.12(b) of the NYSE corporate governance standards,
our
Chief Executive Officers will promptly notify the NYSE in writing after any
of
our executive officers becomes aware of any material non-compliance with
any
applicable provisions of the NYSE corporate governance standards.
91
Major
Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
MAJOR
SHAREHOLDERS
Introduction
As
of May31, 2005 (after giving effect to the transactions that took place on that
date),
AmBev had 34,499,422,931 common voting shares and 31,147,483,500 preferred
non-voting shares outstanding. AmBev has registered two classes of American
Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) pursuant to the Securities Act: ADSs evidenced by
American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) representing 100 preferred shares, and
ADSs evidenced by ADRs representing 100 common shares. As of May 31, 2005,
there
were 72,932,984 preferred ADSs outstanding (representing 7,293,298,400 preferred
shares) and 14,618,863 common ADSs outstanding (representing 1,467,886,300
common shares). AmBev ADRs are issuable by The Bank of New York pursuant
to
deposit agreements for common and preferred shares.
Control
AmBev
is
controlled by InBev Brasil and the FAHZ, which own in the aggregate 86.5%
of
AmBev’s
outstanding common shares. In addition, InBev Brasil and the FAHZ, as well
as
Marcel Telles, Jorge Paulo Lemann and Carlos Sicupira, as intervening parties,
are parties to a shareholders’
agreement relating to AmBev. See “—AmBev
Shareholders’
Agreement”.
As of
May 31, 2005, FAHZ owns 13.48% of the outstanding common shares of AmBev.
InBev
Brasil collectively own 72.97% of the outstanding common shares
of AmBev.
InBev
Brasil held 99.74% of the voting shares of ECAP, which was merged
into
InBev Brasil on June 24, 2005.
InBev Brasil is a holding company, substantially all the assets of which
consist
of the shares of AmBev previously held by Braco S.A. and
ECAP.
Share
Buy-back
Programs
In
2004,
we acquired 2,605.0 million preferred
shares in connection with our share buy-back program, at a cost of R$1,609.6
million.
In
2003, we acquired 63.5 million common shares and 529.3 million preferred
shares
in connection with our share buy-back program, at a cost of R$310.0 million.
In
2002, we acquired 89.5 million common shares and 701.3 million preferred
shares
in connection with our share buy-back program, totaling R$337.1 million.
In
2004, 2003 and 2002, a portion of the common shares and preferred shares
purchased by us were acquired by us pursuant to put options sold in connection
with our share buy-back program.
In
2004,
our Board of Directors launched four programs for the purchase of
our
outstanding preferred shares. In accordance with CVM rules, share buy-back
programs are valid for a period of 365 days from the date they are approved,
may
be conducted through the issuance of put and call options (provided that
the
volume of such options issued multiplied by their respective strike prices
do
not exceed the limit established for the plan), and the amount of shares
to be
kept in treasury may not exceed the equivalent to 10% of the free float of
each
class of shares.
The
following table summarizes the share buy-back programs approved by our Board
of
Directors in 2004:
On
June14, 2005, InBev announced that it decided to increase its economic interest
in
AmBev by purchasing preferred shares up to an aggregate amount of €500 million.
These purchases are expected to occur over a period of twelve months from
the
date of the announcement.
AmBev’s
Major Shareholders
The
following table sets forth information as of May 31, 2005 with respect to
any
person known to AmBev to be the beneficial owner of 5% or more of AmBev’s
outstanding shares:
Amount
and Percentage
of
Common Shares
Amount
and Percentage
of
Preferred Shares
The
Bank of New York - ADR
Department(1)
1,461,886,360
4.24
%
7,293,298,400
23.42
%
InBev
Holding Brasil S.A.(2)
20,328,352,883
58.92
%
11,398,181,319
36.33
ECAP(3)
4,847,481,870
14.05
%
−
−
FAHZ(4)
4,649,352,173
13.48
%
444,332,513
1.42
%
Caixa
da Previdência dos Funcionários do Banco
Central do Brasil -
PREVI
664,631,731
1.93
%
3,323,156,855
10.67
%
Marcel
Herrmann Telles(5)
42,629,006
0.12
%
213,145,000
0.68
%
Jorge
Paulo Lemann(6)
12
0.00
%
−
−
Carlos
A. Sicupira(7)
6
0.00
%
−
−
_____________________
(1)
Represents
the number of shares held in the form of ADSs. The Bank of New York
is the depositary of AmBev shares in accordance with the deposit
agreement
entered into with AmBev and the owners of AmBev ADSs.
(2)
Does
not include shares owned by ECAP. Messrs. Telles, Lemann and
Sicupira,
each a member of the Board of Directors of AmBev, currently
indirectly
owns, respectively, approximately 2.61%, 5.84% and 2.10% of AmBev.
(3)
Does
not include shares owned by InBev Brasil. ECAP was merged into
InBev
Brasil on June 24, 2005. Messrs. Telles, Lemann and Sicupira,
each a
member of the Board of Directors of AmBev, currently indirectly
own,
respectively, approximately 2.61%, 5.84% and 2.10% of AmBev.
(4)
Messrs.
Telles, Victório Carlos De Marchi, José Heitor Attílio Gracioso and
Roberto Herbster Gusmão, directors of AmBev, are counselors of the FAHZ.
(5)
Does
not include 25,175,834,643 common shares and 11,398,181,319
preferred
shares owned by InBev Brasil. Mr. Telles currently indirectly
owns
approximately 2.61% of AmBev,
and is also an intervening party to the AmBev Shareholders’
Agreement.
(6)
Does
not include 25,175,834,643 common shares and 11,398,181,319
preferred
shares owned by InBev Brasil and ECAP. Mr. Lemann currently
indirectly
owns approximately 5.84% of AmBev, and is also an intervening
party
to the AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement.
(7)
Does
not include 25,175,834,643 common shares and 11,398,181,319
preferred
shares owned by InBev Brasil and ECAP. Mr. Sicupira currently
indirectly
owns approximately 2.10% of AmBev, and is also an intervening
party
to the AmBev Shareholders’
Agreement.
For
a
description of the Company’s
major
shareholders’
voting
rights, see “—AmBev
Shareholders Agreement”.
93
Options
and Warrants
In
2002,
AmBev decided to request a ruling from the CVM in connection with a dispute
between AmBev and some of its warrant holders regarding the criteria used
in the
calculation of the strike price of certain AmBev warrants. See “Major
Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders—Options and
Warrants”. On April 17, 2003, the CVM ruled that the criteria used by AmBev to
calculate the strike price was correct. In response to the CVM’s final decision,
some of the warrant holders filed separate lawsuits before the courts of
São
Paulo and Rio de Janeiro seeking to reverse the CVM’s decision.
Although
the warrants expired without being exercised, the
warrant holders claim that the strike price should be reduced to take into
account the strike price of certain stock options granted by AmBev to its
officers and employees since 1996 to acquire shares of AmBev, as well as
for the
strike price of other stock purchase warrants issued in 1993. The warrant
holders requested preliminary injunctions for: (i) the immediate issuance
by
AmBev of the shares corresponding to the total amount of warrants held
by the
plaintiffs; and (ii) the right to subscribe for these shares at the
substantially lower subscription price described above.
We
have
been notified of six claims from 11 holders arguing that they would be
entitled
to those rights. Three judicial decisions were issued in favor of AmBev
in the
state of Rio de Janeiro, denying the warrant holders’ right to subscribe for the
shares at the lower price intended. One judicial decision was issued against
AmBev in the state of São Paulo, recognizing the right of three warrant holders
to subscribe for the shares at the lower price. All such decisions were
appealed
and are pending analysis by the Appellate Courts of the states of
São
Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.
In
the
event the plaintiffs prevail in all of the above proceedings, we believe
that
the corresponding dilution for the existing shareholders would be the difference
between the values below and the net book value of such shares at the time
they
are issued, multiplied by the number of shares involved. We estimate that
the
aggregate subscription price of all the relevant shares will be R$1,022.4
million, based on a strike price of R$0.90977 for preferred shares and
R$0.91595
for voting shares and warrants entitling its holders to subscribe for 29,602,450
common shares and 1,093,920,115 preferred shares. Three of the plaintiffs,
who
hold warrants that entitle them to subscribe for, in the aggregate, 435,563,170
preferred shares, argue that the strike price should be R$0.13585. AmBev
has
filed counterclaims on these lawsuits, three of which were granted, and
one of
which was rejected. Each decision, favorable or adverse to us, does not
bind the
court in relation to the other lawsuits.
In
addition, one warrant holder filed a lawsuit for damages against AmBev
before
the courts of São Paulo. This holder claims that our setting of a high strike
price caused such holder damages by unabling such holder from exercising
his
warrants for a lower strike price. The court issued a decision denying
such
holders’ request. The warrant holder appealed against such decision, which has
not been analyzed by the Appellate Court of the state of São Paulo.
The
amount of the indemnification to be paid by AmBev in case the Appellate
Court
grants such appeal is approximately R$12 million.
Based
on
advice from our external counsel we believe
our
chances of prevailing in these proceedings are possible, and have not made
any
provisions in connection with these claims.
However,
no assurance can be given that favorable decision that we obtained will
be
upheld by the Appelate Courts, or that the unfavorable decision issued
will be
reversed. Except for the lawsuit for damages, as these disputes are based
on
whether we should receive as a subscription price a lower price than the
price
that we consider adequate, without any contingent liability (except for
legal
fees), a provision of amounts with respect to these proceedings is not
applicable.
AmBev
Shareholders’ Agreement
On
July1, 1999 FAHZ, Braco S.A. and ECAP (which was merged into InBev Brasil on
June24, 2005), as well as AmBev and Jorge Paulo Lemann, Marcel Telles and Carlos
Alberto Sicupira, the latter four as intervening parties, entered into a
shareholders’ agreement (the “AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement”) with respect to
the voting of the shares of AmBev and the voting by AmBev of the shares of
its
subsidiaries, among other matters.
On
March2, 2004, the FAHZ, Braco S.A. and ECAP, along with AmBev, Messrs. Lemann,
Sicupira, Telles and InBev, as intervening parties, executed the first amendment
to the AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement to, among other things, (i) provide that
each of the FAHZ, Braco S.A. and ECAP may appoint two observers to the meetings
of the Board of Directors of AmBev, without a right to vote; (ii) create
a
financial committee and an audit committee; (iii) provide that Braco S.A.
and
ECAP shall have the right to elect, from among the directors they are entitled
to appoint, one effective member and the respective alternate appointed by
InBev; (iv) eliminate the right of first refusal with respect to the
dispositions of AmBev shares; (v) restrict the disposal of shares, directly
or
indirectly, by the FAHZ, Braco S.A. and ECAP through private trades, on the
securities market or on the over-the-counter market, including by way of
tender
offers, either voluntary or mandatory, as long as the corporate control of
InBev
is shared with Messrs. Lemann, Sicupira and Telles, except for the indirect
disposal of shares among Messrs. Lemann, Sicupira and Telles or to InBev
or its
affiliates and other limited exceptions; (vi) terminate the provisions relating
to the buy-sell rights of the FAHZ, Braco S.A. and ECAP; and (vii) extend
the
term of the agreement so as to expire on July 1, 2019, subject to the option
of
Braco S.A. and ECAP to accelerate the termination of the AmBev Shareholders’
Agreement in the event that the current procedure for the election of the
members of the Board of Trustees of the FAHZ is modified or ceases to be
observed, other than as a result of a change in law or regulation applicable
to
the FAHZ. Furthermore, the first amendment to the AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement
approved amending AmBev’s bylaws to increase the mandatory minimum dividend to
35%.
The
following discussion relates to the AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement, as modified
by the first amendment. In addition, InBev Brasil has succeeded to the rights
and obligations of Braco S.A. under the AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement, as so
amended.
Management
of AmBev
Although
each common share of AmBev entitles shareholders to one vote in connection
with
the election of AmBev’s Board of Directors, AmBev’s controlling shareholders,
the FAHZ and InBev Brasil, have the ability to elect the majority of AmBev’s
directors. Because the election of any director by minority (non-controlling)
shareholders would require, under Law 6,404/76, at the time of execution
of the
AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement, the adoption of a cumulative vote procedure, the
provisions of the AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement on the management of AmBev were
based on the assumption that no directors will be elected by minority
shareholders of AmBev.
Due
to
the changes introduced by Law No. 10,303/01, minority shareholders holding
at
least 15% of voting capital and preferred shareholders (whose shares are
not
entitled to vote or are entitled to a restricted voting right) holding at
least
10% of AmBev's total capital may each elect one member of the Board of Directors
and its alternate member. Additionally, if neither the minority shareholders
nor
the preferred shareholders (whose shares are not entitled to vote or are
entitled to a restricted voting right) achieve such percentages as
mentioned above, they can jointly appoint one member of the Board of Directors
and its alternate member once they represent, together, at least 10% of AmBev's
total capital. In order to exercise these rights, any of these shareholders
must
prove that it has uninterruptedly held the corresponding shares for at least
three months prior to the respective shareholders’ meeting.
94
If
such
prerogative is exercised collectively with the adoption of a cumulative voting
procedure, the controlling shareholders are entitled to elect the same number
of
members plus one, independently of the number of directors.
Presently,
under the AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement, as amended, each of the FAHZ
and InBev Brasil will have representation on the Board of Directors
of
AmBev and its subsidiaries and, in addition to the members and respective
alternates they are entitled to appoint, each of FAHZ, on the one hand, and
InBev Brasil, on the other hand, may appoint up to two observers to attend
AmBev’s board meetings, without voting rights. The boards of directors of AmBev
and its subsidiaries will each be comprised of at least three and no more
than
15 regular members and the same number of alternates, with a term of office
of
three years and reelection being permitted. FAHZ will have the right to appoint
four directors and their respective alternates to the boards of directors
of
AmBev and its subsidiaries, so long as it maintains ownership of common shares
that FAHZ held as of July 1, 1999, when the AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement was
entered into (adjusted for share dividends, splits and stock grouping). At
that
time FAHZ held 459,521,728 common shares, which was adjusted for the
five-for-one stock split that took effect on October 23, 2000 and for the
share
dividend that took effect on May 31, 2005. The FAHZ appointed three
of our
directors. FAHZ is not allowed under the AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement to
appoint more than four directors in the event that its holding of AmBev common
shares increases. FAHZ will always be entitled to appoint at least one director
as long as it holds a minimum of 10% of AmBev’s voting shares. InBev
Brasil has the right to appoint members and its alternates
to the
boards of directors of AmBev and its subsidiaries, in a number proportionate
to
the number of members appointed by FAHZ. Such proportion is based on the
ratio
between the FAHZ’s holding and the holding of InBev Brasil in the
voting capital of AmBev. According to the amended AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement,
InBev Brasil shall have the right to elect, from among the directors
whom
it is entitled to appoint, one effective member, and respective alternate,
which shall be ultimately appointed by InBev.
The
AmBev
Shareholders’ Agreement provides that AmBev will have two Co-Chairmen with
identical rights and duties, one appointed by FAHZ and the other by InBev
Brasil. In the event of a deadlock, neither of the Co-Chairmen has a deciding
vote on matters submitted to the Board of Directors of AmBev.
Each
of
FAHZ and InBev Brasil, may remove a director that it has appointed to the
Board
of Directors of AmBev or its subsidiaries, and each also has the right to
appoint the respective replacement or a new alternate, if the originally
appointed alternate is confirmed for the vacant position.
Each
of
FAHZ and InBev Brasil has agreed to exercise its voting rights in the
shareholders’ meetings of AmBev and its subsidiaries in such a way that it may
elect the largest possible number of directors in each of AmBev and its
subsidiaries. The FAHZ and InBev Brasil will agree on the method of
casting
their votes in order to accomplish this purpose in the event of the adoption
of
a cumulative vote procedure under Brazilian law, under which each common
share
is entitled to as many votes as there are directors to be elected.
The
AmBev
Shareholders’ Agreement establishes that the shareholders may, by consensus,
establish committees within AmBev’s Board of Directors, with the purpose of
looking into specific matters, which analyses require that their members
have
specific technical knowledge. The Consulting Committee, the Executive Committee,
the Financial Committee and the Conselho
Fiscal
have
already been created. See “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Board
Practices and Corporate Governance”.
Preliminary
Meetings and Exercise of Voting Right.
On
matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders or their representatives
in the
Board of Directors of AmBev or its subsidiaries, FAHZ and InBev Brasil have
agreed to endeavor first to reach a consensus with respect to voting their
common shares of each of AmBev and its subsidiaries, and have agreed on the
manner to direct their representatives to vote on the matter being submitted.
The AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement provides that the parties shall hold a
preliminary meeting in advance of all meetings of shareholders or boards
of
directors of AmBev or of its subsidiaries, with the purpose of discussing
and
determining a consensus position to be taken by the parties in such meetings.
This procedure makes it more likely that a matter approved by the controlling
shareholders will also be approved at a shareholders’ meeting.
95
If
the
parties fail to reach a consensus with respect to a particular matter, the
position to be adopted by all parties to the agreement will be determined
by the
group holding the greatest number of AmBev voting common shares, which currently
is constituted of InBev Brasil. However, this rule does not apply in connection
with the election of members of Board of Directors, as described above under
“Management of AmBev”, and with respect to fundamental matters which require
unanimous approval by FAHZ and InBev Brasil, as follows:
·
any
amendment to the bylaws of AmBev and/or any of its subsidiaries
with the
purpose of amending: (i) the corporate purposes, (ii) the term
of
duration, and/or (iii) the composition, powers and duties of the
management bodies;
·
approval
of the annual investment budget of AmBev and/or any of its subsidiaries
when the amount of the investments exceed 8.7% of net sales of
AmBev
foreseen for the same fiscal year;
·
designation,
dismissal and substitution of the Chief Executive Officer of
AmBev;
·
approval
of or amendment to the remuneration policy for the Board of Directors
and
of the executive board of AmBev, as well as of its
subsidiaries;
·
approval
of stock ownership plans for the managers and employees
of AmBev
and/or its subsidiaries;
·
change
in the dividend policy of AmBev and/or any of its
subsidiaries;
·
increases
in the capital of AmBev and/or any of its subsidiaries, with
or without
preemptive rights, through subscription, creation of a new
class of
shares, or changes in the characteristics of the existing shares,
as well
as decreases of capital, issuances of debentures (whether or
not
convertible into shares), warrants, and the creation of founders’ shares
by AmBev and/or any of its subsidiaries except when such legal
businesses
are carried out between AmBev and its subsidiaries or between
the
subsidiaries;
·
amalgamations,
spin-offs, transformations, mergers, acquisitions, and divestments
involving AmBev and/or any of its subsidiaries, in the latter
case (a)
when such operation involves a company that is not a subsidiary,
directly
or indirectly, of AmBev and (b) provided that the transaction
in question
results in the reduction in the average dividend paid by AmBev
in the past
five years, adjusted by the IGP-M published by Fundação
Getúlio Vargas
as
of the date of payment;
·
the
creation, acquisition, assignment, transfer, establishment of an
encumbrance on and/or disposal of shares, quotas and/or any securities
issued by any of AmBev’s subsidiaries, under any title or form, except in
the benefit of AmBev and/or another
subsidiary;
·
the
incurrence by AmBev and/or any of its subsidiaries of a debt transaction
that results in a net debt/equity ratio greater than
1.5;
·
the
execution, amendment, termination, renewal or cancellation of any
contracts, agreements or the like involving the registered or deposited
trademarks of AmBev or its
subsidiaries;
·
the
extension of loans or the offer of guarantees of any kind by AmBev
and/or
any of its subsidiaries to any third parties in an amount greater
than 1%
of AmBev’s shareholders’ equity as set forth in the last audited balance
sheet prepared in accordance with Brazilian GAAP, except in favor
of
employees of AmBev and its subsidiaries, or in favor of the subsidiaries
themselves;
·
election
of members of committees of AmBev’s Board of
Directors;
·
cancellation
of the registration of AmBev and/or any of its subsidiaries as
publicly
traded companies;
·
petition
for an arrangement with creditors (“concordata”)
or acknowledgment of bankruptcy by AmBev and/or any of its
subsidiaries;
·
liquidation
or dissolution of AmBev and/or any of its subsidiaries;
and
96
·
appointment
of the external auditors of AmBev and/or any of its subsidiaries.
The
AmBev
Shareholders’ Agreement provides that whenever the parties fail to reach a
consensus in a preliminary meeting as to any matter listed above, they will
exercise their voting rights so as not to approve such matter. The AmBev
Shareholders’ Agreement provides that any votes cast by FAHZ or InBev Brasil, or
by any of the board members appointed by each of them, in violation of the
provisions of the agreement will be deemed null, void and
ineffective.
Transfer
of Shares
The
AmBev
Shareholders’ Agreement contains the following provisions concerning the
transfer of shares:
·
FAHZ
and InBev Brasil have agreed (i) not to dispose, directly or indirectly,
of their shares, through private trades, on the stock market or
on the
over-the-counter market, including by way of tender offers, either
voluntary or mandatory, except as provided for in Section VI of
the AmBev
Shareholders’ Agreement, during the term of the agreement, and (ii) not to
create any type of encumbrance on their shares, without
the prior
written consent of FAHZ, in the case of InBev Brasil, and without
the
prior written consent of InBev Brasil, in the case of
FAHZ;
·
In
the event that the shares of AmBev owned by FAHZ on the one hand,
and by
InBev Brasil, on the other hand, become subject to seizure, attachment,
judicial surety or any other restrictive measure, and such restriction
is
not removed or waived within 30 days after its imposition, the
shares
subject to the restriction shall be automatically deemed offered
for sale
to the other party. This offer will remain open for 30 days, and
the price
for the AmBev shares will be the lesser of either (i) the book
value of
the AmBev shares, as per the latest audited balance sheet of AmBev,
prepared in accordance with Brazilian GAAP, and adjusted by the
IGP-M
inflation index or (ii) the average quoted market price of the
AmBev
shares on stock exchanges in the 20 days prior to the petition
for removal
or waiver of the restriction. If the obligations in respect of
such
restriction exceed the above price, the party whose shares have
been
subject to the restriction will be liable for the difference that
the
other party may be required to deposit in order to acquire the
shares. If
the obligations in respect of such restriction were lower than
the price
for the AmBev shares as described above, then the party whose shares
have
been subject to the restriction will be entitled to receive the
difference
between the price for the AmBev shares and the obligations in respect
of
such restriction.
·
If
any of FAHZ, on the one hand, and InBev Brasil, on the other hand,
intends
to dispose of subscription rights relating to AmBev shares that
it holds,
it must first offer such rights to the other party, who will then
be
required to exercise its right of first refusal to subscribe the
new
shares to be issued, within 10
days.
The
shareholders’ agreement provides that any transfer of shares or subscription
rights or creation of encumbrances in which the aforementioned provisions
on
rights of first refusal are not observed will be deemed null, void and
ineffective. AmBev’s management is also prohibited from reflecting any such
events in its corporate books, as permitted by Brazilian law.
Specific
Performance
Obligations
of the parties under the AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement will be subject not only
to specific performance but will also bind third parties to the terms of
the
agreement, in effect declaring null and void any action taken in contravention
to it so long as rights and obligations of third parties stem from the
agreement.
As
of August30, 2002, each of the Santas, with Messrs. Lemann, Sicupira and Telles, as
intervening parties and S-Braco, Braco S.A., ECAP and AmBev, as acknowledging
parties, entered into a shareholders’ voting rights agreement (the
“Shareholders’ Voting Rights Agreement”) with respect to Messrs. Lemann’s,
Sicupira’s and Telles’ respective indirect interests in each of S-Braco, Braco
S.A., ECAP and AmBev. In the Shareholders’ Voting Rights Agreement, each of the
Santas (and Messrs. Lemann, Sicupira and Telles) agreed to exercise their
respective influence in S-Braco, Braco S.A., ECAP and AmBev in full compliance
with the terms of the Shareholder’s Voting Rights Agreement. The Santas agreed
that the Board of Directors of S-Braco shall consist of four members and
that
the executive committees of Braco S.A. and ECAP should consist of two to
four
members, respectively. Each block of voting shares representing 25% of the
voting shares of S-Braco shall entitle its owner(s), at all times, to designate
(i) one member of the Board of Directors of S-Braco, (ii) one member of the
executive committees of Braco S.A. and ECAP, respectively, and (iii) one
member
of the Board of Directors of AmBev and the respective alternate member (or
such
higher number of individuals as proves necessary to maintain control over
AmBev’s Board of Directors, alone or in conjunction with FAHZ, pursuant to the
AmBev Shareholder’s Agreement). The Santas further agreed that resolutions
concerning S-Braco, Braco S.A., ECAP and AmBev relating to certain issues
may
only be approved by prior unanimous vote of the Santas. On other issues not
requiring unanimity, Messrs. Lemann, Sicupira and Telles, as the controlling
shareholders of the Santas, shall in turn, have a binding personal casting
vote
to resolve any deadlock with respect to such issues. The Shareholder’s Voting
Rights Agreement also contained, among others, terms and conditions (a)
restricting the vehicles by which Messrs. Lemann, Sicupira and Telles, and
their
respective direct descendants could hold shares of S-Braco, Braco S.A., ECAP
and
AmBev and (b) prohibiting the pledging of shares of S-Braco, Braco S.A.,
ECAP
and AmBev by any of the Santas as security for the obligations of third parties
which could result in the potential transfer of ownership or control of such
shares.
Additionally,
Santa Judith, Santa Irene, Santa Estela and Santa Prudência, as well as Messrs.
Lemann, Sicupira and Telles, the latter three as intervening parties, were
parties to a shareholders’ property rights agreement relating to the disposition
of shares of S-Braco.
Notwithstanding
the dissolution of S-Braco and the Santas or any other transaction in connection
with the internal restructuring of the SB Group Companies pursuant to the
Contribution and Subscription Agreement, Messrs. Lemann, Sicupira and Telles
have entered into an agreement confirming that their relationship with respect
to their interests in InBev Brasil, ECAP and AmBev will continue to be governed
by substantially similar arrangements.
AmBev
Share Transfer Agreement and AmBev Governance Agreement
Pursuant
to the stock purchase agreement dated May 1, 2002 (as amended, the “Stock
Purchase Agreement”), between AmBev and BAC, for the purchase by AmBev of
230,920,000 Class A common shares, without par value, of Quinsa, on January31,2003, FAHZ, InBev Brasil (formerly Braco Investimentos S.A.) and ECAP, as
well
as AmBev and BAC entered into (i) a share transfer agreement related to the
capital stock of AmBev (the “AmBev Share Transfer Agreement”) and (ii) a
governance agreement related to the governance of AmBev (the “AmBev Governance
Agreement”). The AmBev Share Transfer Agreement and the AmBev Governance
Agreement will not become effective until shares of AmBev are acquired by
BAC by
means of the exercise of the put or of call provided in the Put and Call
Options.
Pursuant
to the AmBev Share Transfer Agreement, among other things, (i) BAC has agreed
not to transfer any common shares of AmBev held by BAC, except for transfers
to
affiliates or family members (“Permitted Transferees”), other than in accordance
with the provisions of the AmBev Shareholders Agreement, (ii) BAC and its
Permitted Transferees have granted InBev Brasil and ECAP a right of first
refusal on any transfer of
98
common
shares of AmBev to third parties, pursuant to which BAC will not transfer
any
common shares of AmBev (except to Permitted Transferees) unless BAC or its
Permitted Transferees shall have first offered to sell such common shares
of
AmBev to InBev Brasil, (iii) InBev Brasil has granted BAC and its Permitted
Transferees tag-along rights pursuant to which BAC and its Permitted Transferees
have the right to sell at the same price and on the same terms and conditions
as
InBev Brasil in connection with any sale by InBev Brasil of more than 50%
of the
AmBev shares held by InBev Brasil to a third
person or any sale of a majority of the outstanding shares of InBev Brasil,
(iv)
BAC and its Permitted Transferees have granted InBev Brasil drag-along rights
pursuant to which in the event that InBev Brasil proposes to sell in a bona
fide
arm’s-length sale more than 50% of their common shares of AmBev to any
unaffiliated third party, InBev Brasil has the right to require BAC and its
Permitted Transferees to sell to the proposed transferee all or a portion
of
their common shares of AmBev for the same per share consideration, in the
same
pro rata portion and on the same terms and conditions as proposed to be received
by InBev Brasil, and (v) AmBev has granted to BAC and its Permitted Transferees
the preemptive rights set forth in Article 171 of the Brazilian Corporate
Law.
Pursuant to the AmBev Governance Agreement, among other things, (i) BAC and
its
Permitted Transferees have the right to nominate a number of directors of
AmBev
proportionate to their percentage ownership of the total outstanding common
shares of AmBev, provided that BAC and its Permitted Transferees have the
right
to nominate at least one director as long as BAC and its Permitted Transferees
continue to own at least 90% of the common shares of AmBev acquired by them
pursuant to the options under the Stock Purchase Agreement, and (ii) for
so long
as BAC and its Permitted Transferees have at least 90% of the shares of AmBev
acquired pursuant to the consummation of the options, certain matters will
not
be approved by the shareholders meeting or the Board of Directors of AmBev
without the vote of BAC.
RELATED
PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Material
Related Party Transactions
We
engage
in the purchase and sale of raw material with affiliated entities, which
are
eliminated on consolidation in our financial statements, with the exception
of
entities under common control (which are proportionally consolidated), as
described in note 2(b) to our audited consolidated financial
statements.
AmBev
has
entered into an agreement with FAHZ for the purchase of certain labels for
the
beer packaging. FAHZ, as described in “Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects—Critical Accounting policies”, provides medical, dental and social
assistance to current and former employees and their dependents. FAHZ owned
13.48% of AmBev’s outstanding voting shares and 7.73% of our total outstanding
shares on May 31, 2005. FAHZ is not included in our Brazilian GAAP financial
statements. During the year ended December 31, 2004, we purchased labels
on an
arm’s-length basis with a value of R$25.1 million from the
FAHZ.
Before
January 1, 2003, AmBev financed its employees’ purchases of shares pursuant
to its stock ownership plan. See “Directors, Senior Management and
Employees—Employees—Stock Ownership Plan”. Such financing option, however, has
been removed from the stock ownership plans approved subsequent to the enactment
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Nevertheless, advances for the stock ownership
plans
granted prior to 2003 are grandfathered and may be requested.
We
have
entered into a variety of agreements with Quinsa and BAC, Quinsa’s controlling
shareholder, relating to the acquisition of our interest in Quinsa. See
“Information on the Company—Acquisition of Interest in Quinsa”.
99
On
August27, 2004, in connection with the consummation of the merger of Labatt into
AmBev, Labatt Brewing Company Limited (“LBCL”) and InBev entered into
cross-services agreements with a view to:
·
terminating
the existing services agreement among those
entities;
·
LBCL
providing to InBev, on an hourly basis, certain administrative
services
such as tax support services, internal audit services and legal
services,
until December 31, 2004 (extended until March 31, 2005 pursuant
to an
amendment to the cross-services
agreement);
·
InBev
providing to LBCL, on an hourly basis, administrative services
such as
internal audit services, legal advice and IT support, until December31,2004 (extended until March 31, 2005 pursuant to an amendment
to the
cross-services agreement).
On
the
same date, InBev and LBCL and AmBev agreed that InBev would be entitled
to all
intellectual property created or developed by LBCL with aid or funds from
InBev
from August 27, 2004 to December 31, 2004 (extended until March 31, 2005
pursuant to an amendment to this agreement) and that LBCL would be entitled
to
continue using a subsidiary of InBev to assist it with hedge
arrangements.
We
distribute some of our brands in the United States, including Labatt
Blue
and
Kokanee,
through
InBev USA (previously Labatt USA, L.L.C.), a subsidiary of InBev. We have
no
written agreement to sell through InBev USA. Over the four month period that
we
held Labatt in 2004, we have exported approximately C$36.3 million worth
of
beer
to
the United States.
On
March 4, 2005, due to a notice of reassessment in respect of LBCL’s 1998
taxation year issued by the Canada Revenue Agency on December 2, 2004, and
other
notices that could be issued, and in view of the indemnification provisions
set
forth in the Incorporação Agreement, InBev, LBCL and AmBev agreed that LBCL
should pay the relevant tax authorities the full amounts due under any such
notices, and InBev would reimburse any such amounts, including increased
interest expenses as a result of LBCL’s increased leverage ratios, on an annual
basis or at each time that LBCL has a credit with InBev over U.S.$ 40
million.
On
March21, 2005, AmBev and InBev entered into a cross-license agreement through
which
AmBev is allowed to produce, package, market and distribute beer under the
brands Stella
Artois
and
Beck’s
in Latin
America (except Argentina and Cuba), on an exclusive basis, and InBev is
allowed
to produce, package, market and distribute beer under the brand Brahma
in
Europe, Asia, Africa, Cuba and the United States on an exclusive basis. AmBev
has agreed not to directly or indirectly produce, package, market, distribute,
sell or resell (or have an interest in any of these) any other European premium
branded beer in Latin America, and InBev has agreed to be bound by the same
restrictions relating to any other Latin American premium branded beer in
Europe, Asia, Africa, Cuba and the United States. No royalties will be due
in
the first year, but royalties will be increased annually by 1.75% of net
sales,
up to 7%, thereafter. Since March 23, 2005, InBev has been distributing the
Brahma brand in the United States and in a number of European countries
such as the United Kingdom, France, the Benelux, Ukraine and Russia.
We announced the launch of the Stella Artois brand in Brazil on
June 28, 2005. In addition, we have an agreement with InBev through
which we can distribute Stella Artois branded beer in
Canada
On
June 14, 2005, InBev announced that it
decided to increase its economic interest in AmBev by purchasing preferred
shares up to the aggregate amount of €500 million. These purchases are expected
to occur over a period of twelve months from the date of the
announcement.
100
Financial
Information
CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Consolidated
Financial Statements
See
“Financial Statements” .
Legal
Proceedings
Except
as
set forth below, there are no legal proceedings to which we are party, or
to
which any of our properties are subject which, either individually or in
the
aggregate, may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations,
liquidity or financial condition. For further details, see note 12 of our
consolidated financial statements.
Tax
matters
As
of
March 31, 2005, we had approximately 2,309 tax claims pending, including
judicial and administrative proceedings. Most of these claims relate to
the ICMS
tax and the IPI excise tax. We have made provisions of R$997.9 million
in
connection with these tax proceedings for which we believe there is a probable
chance of loss.
Among
the
pending tax claims, there are claims filed by AmBev against Brazilian
tax
authorities alleging that certain taxes are unconstitutional. Such tax
proceedings include claims for income taxes, ICMS, IPI tax and revenue
taxes
(“PIS” and “COFINS”). As these claims are contingent on obtaining favorable
judicial decisions, the corresponding assets which might arise in the
future are
only recorded once it becomes certain that we will receive the amounts
previously paid or deposited.
Value-added
tax, excise tax and taxes on net sales
In
October 1996, a tax law allowed credits of ICMS on capital expenditures
to be
offset against the amounts payable on such tax. Based on this law and on
certain
constitutional principles, some of our subsidiaries filed several lawsuits
with
state courts to allow them to offset ICMS tax paid prior to 1996 and with
the
IPI excise tax paid in the 1997 against similar taxes payable in 1996.
We made a
provision regarding the amounts offset, including the interest and penalties
that could become payable should we lose these lawsuits.
During
1999, a new law came into effect requiring Brazilian companies to pay PIS
and
COFINS not only on sales and services net sales, but also on financial
income.
We have not been paying PIS and COFINS as required by the new law, as we
have
obtained injunctions permitting the non-payment of these additional taxes
on the
basis that the new law is unconstitutional. As such new taxes remain in
force
until a final ruling is rendered, we recorded the accumulated amount of
R$382.1
million as “provisions for contingencies and other” as of March 31, 2005. We
will not be permanently relieved of the obligation to pay such taxes unless
and
until a final favorable ruling is rendered.
Certain
Brazilian taxpayers have filed claims to be able to exclude for the period
from
1988 to 1995, in the calculation basis (i.e., the gross revenue of the
sixth
previous months) the indexation for inflation prior to the calculation
of the
PIS tax. The taxpayers argue that Complementary Law No. 7/70 does
not
require indexation of the calculation basis, and the provision in the Decree
Laws, which created indexation of the calculation basis, was overturned
by the
Federal Supreme Court and the Senate. Tax authorities asserted that the
Federal
Supreme Court and Senate actions affected only the determination of the
calculation basis, but did not affect the definition of the indexation
procedure
in the Decree Laws.
On
May29, 2001 (ruling published on June 11, 2001), an arbitration session of
the
Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the taxpayer. In the administrative
system,
the decisions have been favorable to the taxpayers, and the tax authorities
are
no longer issuing new tax assessments regarding this issue. Although the
issue
has not yet received a final ruling, taxpayers are likely to prevail.
On
October 15, 2001, we concluded the preliminary determination of the credits
arising in the five year prescriptive period prior to the date of our claim.
The
provision for the PIS liability, including interest and charges, totaling
R$138.7 million was reversed to income and recorded in “Value added and excise
taxes on sales” during 2001 and we are currently awaiting a final
decision.
101
Income
tax and social contribution
Beginning
in 1997, an amendment to the tax laws confirmed the deductibility of interest
attributable to shareholders’ equity for social contribution and income tax
purposes. Brahma filed a lawsuit with the Federal Courts of Rio de Janeiro
requesting the recovery of social contribution taxes previously paid for
the
fiscal year of 1996 in the amount of R$40.1 million. The Federal Court
granted
Brahma an injunction recognizing the deductibility of payment of interest
attributable to shareholders’ equity and, as a result, allowed Brahma to suspend
the payment of social contribution amounts owed in 1999 up to the amount
not
deducted in 1996, thereby allowing Brahma to offset the amounts of taxes
unduly
paid in 1996 against the amounts owed in 1999. In April 2001, the Federal
Appellate Court reversed the Federal Court’s injunction. On April 3, 2002, we
appealed the Federal Appellate Court’s judgment to the Brazilian Supreme Court
and to the Superior Court of Justice.
During
the last quarter of 2004 and the first quarter of 2005, we received a number
of
assessments from Brazilian tax authorities relating to earnings of our
foreign
subsidiaries, in the total amount of approximately R$3,500.0 million.
Based
on the advise of external counsel, we believe that such assessments are
without
merit, and we believe that our chances of ultimately losing these claims
are
possible (but not probable) with respect to R$2,000.0 million and remote
with
respect to R$1,500 million. Accordingly, we have not made any provision
in
connection therewith. Based on advice of our external counsel, we reached
those conclusions due to the following main reasons: (i) the assessments
are
based upon legislation which was not in force at the time to which the
corresponding assessment periods relate to; (ii) the assessments do not
consider
the existence of a double taxation treaty between Brazil and Spain; (iii)
there
is a mistake in the determination of the amounts supposedly due; and (iv)
the
assessments purport to tax foreign exchange variation on our offshore
investments, which is a taxable event not provided for under Brazilian
law.
Labor
matters
We
are
involved in approximately 8,500 legal proceedings with former and current
employees, mainly relating to overtime, dismissals, severance, overtime,
health
and safety premiums, supplementary retirement benefits and other matters,
all of
which are awaiting judicial resolution.
We
have
made provisions of R$333.8
million
as of March 31, 2005, in connection with all labor proceedings in which
we
believe there is a probable chance of loss. In Brazil, it is not unusual
for a
company to be a defendant in a large number of labor claims.
Civil
claims
As
of March 31, 2005 we had 4,001
civil claims pending, including distributors and product related claims.
We are
the plaintiff in 1,462 and the defendant in 2,539 of these claims, respectively.
We have established provisions in the amount of R$88.4 million as of
March 31, 2005 in connection with civil claims in which we believe
there is
a probable chance of loss.
On
April11, 2003, the Federal District Public Attorney initiated an administrative
civil
public investigation regarding advertisements that allegedly have the potential
to induce teenagers and children to consume alcoholic beverages in a
Skol
and
Brahma
beer
marketing campaigns. We have presented a settlement proposal to the Federal
Public Attorney’s Office and are waiting for a response. We believe that the
investigation will end without any material disbursement on our part and
therefore have not made a provision for any amount in connection with this
investigation.
On
February 29, 2000, five former shareholders of Antarctica who had exercised
appraisal rights under the Antarctica conversion jointly filed a lawsuit
against
us and Antarctica in the civil courts of the City of São Paulo. These former
shareholders claim that the decision taken at the Antarctica shareholders’
meeting held on September 2, 1999, changing the valuation method (from book
value to economic value) that was used to determining the appraisal value
of
withdrawing Antarctica shareholders was invalid because it occurred after
the
plaintiffs had exercised their withdrawal rights. These plaintiffs claim
compensation in the total amount of approximately R$0.8 million (the
current amount is R$1.1 million). On July 21, 2001, the court dismissed
the
action against Antarctica. On December 21, 2001 the judge adjudicated in
favor
of the minority shareholders requiring us to pay the difference between the
value of the shares. We have appealed this ruling and expect to prevail in
the
Appellate Courts based upon advice from our external counsel. Based upon
this
expectation, we have not made a provision for any amount.
A
court
in the City of São Paulo, state of São Paulo, granted an injunction to restrict
AmBev from advertising soft drinks on television during the hours that
children’s programming airs and imposed information requirements on our
advertisements, labels and containers informing consumers about the damages
that
excessive sugar could bring to health as well as the risk of obesity. We
appealed this decision and the appellate court suspended the injunction.
A final
decision is pending. On May 18, 2004, another lawsuit was filed against AmBev
in
a court in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, to impose similar
restrictions and requirements. No injunction has been granted and final judgment
is still pending. We expect favorable decisions in both cases based on advice
from our external counsel. Based upon this expectation, we have not made
a
provision for any amount.
A
number
of class action lawsuits have been commenced in various U.S. states against
multiple defendants in the alcohol industry (including Labatt Brewing Company
Limited and affiliated entities), alleging intentional and negligent marketing
of alcohol to minors. Labatt entities have retained external legal counsel
and
joined a coordinated joint defense group, to help manage information flow,
overall strategy and defense costs. It is too early to provide any assessment
of
possible exposure.
102
Options
and Warrants
In
2002,
AmBev decided to request a ruling from the CVM in connection with a dispute
between AmBev and some of its warrant holders regarding the criteria used
in the
calculation of the strike price of certain AmBev warrants. See “Major
Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders—Options and
Warrants”. On April 17, 2003, the CVM ruled that the criteria used by AmBev to
calculate the strike price was correct. In response to the CVM’s final decision,
some of the warrant holders filed separate lawsuits before the courts of
São
Paulo and Rio de Janeiro seeking to reverse the CVM’s decision.
Although
the warrants expired without being exercised, the
warrant holders claim that the strike price should be reduced to take into
account the strike price of certain stock options granted by AmBev to its
officers and employees since 1996 to acquire shares of AmBev, as well as
for the
strike price of other stock purchase warrants issued in 1993. The warrant
holders requested preliminary injunctions for: (i) the immediate issuance
by
AmBev of the shares corresponding to the total amount of warrants held by
the
plaintiffs; and (ii) the right to subscribe for these shares at the
substantially lower subscription price described above.
Currently,
we have been notified of six proceedings, with eleven holders claiming such
rights. We estimate that the aggregate subscription price of all the relevant
shares will be R$1,022.4 million, based on a strike price of R$0.90977 for
preferred shares and R$0.91595 for voting shares and warrants entitling its
holders to subscribe for 29,602,450 common shares and 1,093,920,115 preferred
shares. Three of the plaintiffs, who hold warrants that entitle them to
subscribe for, in the aggregate, 435,563,170 preferred shares, argue that
the
strike price should be R$0.13585.
The
maximum dilution for the existing shareholders would be the difference between
these values and the net book value of such shares at the time they are issued,
multiplied by the number of shares involved. AmBev has filed counterclaims
on
these lawsuits, three of which were granted, and one of which was rejected.
Each
decision, favorable or adverse to us, does not bind the court in relation
to the
other lawsuits.
In
addition, one warrant holder filed a lawsuit for damages against AmBev before
the courts of São Paulo. This holder claims that our setting of a high strike
price caused such holder damages by unabling such holder from exercising
his
warrants for a lower strike price. The court issued a decision denying such
holders’ request. The warrant holder appealed against such decision, which has
not been analyzed by the Appellate Court of the state of São Paulo.
The
amount of the indemnification to be paid by AmBev in case the Appellate Court
grants such appeal is approximately R$12 million.
In
spite
of the favorable decisions issued so far, we decided to adopt a cautionary
approach due to the unfavorable decision of the lower court of the state
of São
Paulo that changed, in relation to those lawsuits, our initial evaluation
(according to which we had a probable chance of prevailing). Based on advice
from our external counsel, and for the cautionary approach described above,
we
believe
our
chances of prevailing in these proceedings are possible.
Except
for the lawsuit for damages, as these disputes are based on whether we should
receive as a subscription price a lower price or the price that we consider
adequate, without any contingent liability (except for legal fees), a provision
of amounts with respect to these proceedings is not applicable.
103
Distributors
and product-related claims
Numerous
claims have been filed against us by former distributors whose contracts
were
terminated. Most claims are still under review by first instance and state
Appellate Courts, and a few are currently being reviewed by the highest level
Court of Appeals in Brazil, the Superior Court of Justice and the Federal
Supreme Court.
104
The
aggregate amount of these claims was R$344.2 million as of March 31,2005.
AmBev has established provisions in the amount of R$33.3 million in connection
with these claims as of March 31, 2005, based on the advice of outside legal
counsel. We intend to continue a program of increasing our direct distribution
and, in areas where we continue to use third-party distributors, may terminate
existing distributors in favor of new distributors. We expect this program
to
result in additional lawsuits.
There
are
currently eleven administrative proceedings against us under CADE’s review, each
of them commenced by former or present distributors who challenge the legality
of our market practices under distribution arrangements and request the
suspension of such market practices. CADE has dismissed ten of those complaints,
concluding that we did not engage in any of the alleged illegal activities.
The
remaining one proceeding is under review by CADE.
Antitrust
matters
The
Combination
We
currently have a number of antitrust investigations pending against us, which
have been initiated by CADE following its investigations in connection with
the
combination.
The
first
proceeding refers to complaints brought by the Brazilian Association of
Antarctica Distributors (“ABRADISA”), alleging that provisions in our
distribution agreements are illegal exclusivity provisions. After appropriate
investigations, on February 22, 2002, the Brazilian antitrust authorities
decided to accept the proceedings against us to determine whether there is
circumstantial evidence relating to unfair market practices. The antitrust
authorities are seeking to determine whether or not the following main practices
are taking place: (i) establishment of minimum quotas for retailers to purchase
our beverages; (ii) imposition of sale price to retailers; (iii) whether
the sharing of the distribution network among Antarctica,
Skol
and
Brahma
products
has resulted in damages to retailers’ fair competition; (iv) unjustified
increase in price; and (v) unfair competition between retailers and
direct
distribution. On March 29, 2002, we filed our defense. Presently, this
proceeding is awaiting decision by the Brazilian antitrust authorities as
in
March 2003 CBB and its forty-one distributors executed a settlement agreement
(Termo
de Transação)
that
has been fully complied with by all its parties. On November 4, 2003, the
ABRADISA President filed a petition in this proceeding before the Brazilian
antitrust authorities stating that the settlement agreement has been fully
complied with by all its parties and that ABRADISA has no interest in continuing
with this proceeding.
In
2002,
a distributor in the state of Alagoas filed a petition requesting that the
State
Public Attorney investigate compliance with CADE’s performance agreement with
respect to exclusivity agreements. The State Public Prosecutor requested
information from AmBev on July 16, 2002. On August 12, 2002, we presented
our
defense. We expect the State Public Attorney to withdraw the charges with
no
further implication to AmBev. Based on the arguments presented before the
antitrust authorities on May 7, 2003, we believe that we have good chances
of
being successful in these proceedings. On February 17, 2005, CADE acknowledged
that AmBev had not disobeyed the performance agreement in connection with
this
case.
On
April24, 2003, Cervejaria Braumeister, a small brewer with which we had executed
five
exclusivity agreements (one for each store) filed a complaint with the Brazilian
antitrust authorities alleging that we have breached the antitrust performance
agreement that we signed with CADE by imposing exclusivity on them. On October20, 2003, we presented our defense alleging that there was no imposition
of
exclusivity, but that the exclusivity was negotiated between the parties.
To
date, the case is in its discovery phase. We expect this complaint to be
dismissed as there are three lower court judicial decisions which were granted
in our favor.
The
State
Public Attorney of Rio Grande do Sul filed two claims in connection with
the
lay-off of employees in the beer plants of Estrela and Montenegro and also
in
connection with the closing or disposing of any of our beer plants. On February17, 2005, CADE acknowledged that AmBev did not disobey the
105
performance
agreement in connection with this case. We expect the State Public Attorney
to
withdraw the charges with no further implication to AmBev.
On
February 13, 2004, the Labor Union of the Food and Beverages Industry Workers
(Sindicato
dos Trabalhadores nas Indústrias de Alimentação e Bebidas)
of the
city of Jacareí, State of São Paulo, filed a claim with the Brazilian antitrust
authorities in connection with the lay-off of employees in our beer plant
in
Jacareí. In this claim, this union alleges that we have breached our antitrust
performance agreement signed with CADE pursuant to which we have committed
to
maintain the level of employment in our plants. On June 14, 2004,
we
presented our defense. We expect this claim to be dismissed as we believe
we
have complied with all the provisions of the mentioned antitrust performance
agreement.
In
2004,
Schincariol, which is currently one of our largest competitors, filed a
complaint with the Brazilian antitrust authorities asking them to investigate
whether our loyalty program named Tô
Contigo
complies
with Brazilian antitrust laws and alleging that AmBev had not complied with
the
performance agreement signed with CADE due to AmBev’s conduct in the market. The
Brazilian antitrust authorities have not yet made any decision on this
complaint, as it is in its discovery phase.
Joint
Ventures and Alliances
Brahma’s
joint ventures with Miller and Unilever Brasil Ltda., its franchise agreement
with PepsiCo and Skol’s licensing agreement with Carlsberg were all required to
be submitted to CADE for approval. In October 1998, CADE approved the franchise
agreement with PepsiCo International, Inc. In early 1999, CADE approved Brahma’s
joint venture with Unilever Brasil Ltda., which resulted in the creation
of Ice
Tea do Brasil Ltda. Also in 1999, the Skol
licensing arrangement with Carlsberg was approved by CADE. The Miller
license
arrangement was approved in 1997 and the performance agreement entered into
in
connection with such transaction lead to the execution of a production
agreement with Dado Bier, which will expire in December 2005.
CADE
approved on July 16, 2004, our cooperation with Souza Cruz S.A. for
the
implementation of “Cportal”,
a
business-to-business website. On November 28, 2001, CADE unconditionally
approved the cooperation with Souza Cruz S.A. regarding the implementation
of
Agrega, a business-to-business website, through which the acquisition of
MRO
(materials, repairs and operation) products and services would be negotiated.
The Agrega joint venture was commenced on November 30, 2000.
As
a
result of PepsiCo’s acquisition of Gatorade and subsequent licensing of the
trademark to us, CADE began analyzing the isotonic market concentration.
AmBev
has agreed to keep all the labor positions related to Gatorade
production, while the marketing policies for Gatorade
and
Marathon
will be
maintained independently. AmBev has also agreed not to reveal the secrets
regarding the production. On July 14, 2004, CADE members voted for
the
approval of the transaction with restrictions, including the sale of
Marathon.
We are
awaiting CADE’s proposal of performance agreement.
On
July23, 2003, CADE approved with no restrictions our agreement with Quinsa to
distribute Quinsa beer in Brazil. This agreement is pending the approval
of
Argentinean antitrust authorities as it also provides for the distribution
of
Brahma
in
Argentina.
InBev-AmBev
Transactions
On
March18, 2004, we formally notified the Brazilian antitrust authorities of the
proposed InBev-AmBev Transactions. On May 27, 2004, the SEAE, an office within
the Ministry of Finance and one of the three bodies responsible for reviewing
the transaction, issued an opinion recommending unrestricted approval, on
the
grounds that the transactions would not affect the domestic beer market.
Schincariol filed an opposition to the transaction that was rejected by the
SEAE. On June 29, 2004, the SDE, an office of the Ministry of Justice, issued
an
opinion concurring in SEAE’s recommendation. On May 18, 2005, the Federal Public
Attorney issued an opinion recommending unrestricted approval. Finally, on
June15, 2005, CADE
106
issued
its unrestricted approval of the transaction.
Other
In
the
first quarter of 2005, the Canadian Competition Bureau commenced an
investigation into Labatt and Molson’s activities in Quebec, alleging possible
re-sale price maintenance in the retail sale of beer. No charges have been
laid.
Internal and external legal counsel are managing the matter, and are in dialogue
with the Bureau. It is too early to determine how this investigation will
conclude.
In
addition, several Canadian brewers are party to an Industry Standard Bottle
Agreement (“ISBA”) whereby the parties have agreed to use only a particular type
of bottle which are then recycled to ISBA signatories on a proportionate
basis
for re-use. Brick Brewing Company, a small Ontario brewer that is not an
ISBA
signatory, commenced litigation against TBS and obtained an injunction pending
determination of Brick's continued access to the industry
bottles. The discovery stage of the matter is completed, with
trial
likely in 2006. Brick took its position to the Canadian Competition Bureau.
The
Bureau launched a civil investigation, contending that the ISBA may have
the
likely effect of preventing/lessening competition for beer products in Canada.
The Bureau has gathered documentation from all parties and a response from
the
Bureau is expected in 2005 or 2006.
CVM
Caixa
de Previdencia dos Funcionarios do Banco do Brasil - PREVI,
a
Brazilian pension fund holding approximately 6.07% of AmBev’s capital stock as
of May 31, 2005, filed an administrative complaint against AmBev with the
CVM on
April 8, 2004, alleging abuse of position by AmBev’s controlling shareholders
and breach of fiduciary duty by AmBev’s directors in connection with the
approval of the InBev-AmBev Transactions, appropriation of commercial
opportunity and inadequate disclosure. The complaint requested, among other
things, that CVM render an opinion contesting the legality of the transactions
and intervene to prevent the closing of the Incorporação. On May 4, 2004, AmBev
filed a response to the complaint with the CVM, which was supported by several
opinions of renowned Brazilian legal scholars. The complaint was reviewed
by the
staff of CVM in a decision that rejected all the complaints of PREVI, which
subsequently filed an administrative appeal to the CVM. The CVM, in a decision
issued on December 16, 2004, declared that (i) there was no element to conclude
that there had been an abuse of position by the controlling shareholders
or
conflict of interests in relation to them, and (ii) that there were no
indication of an appropriation of a commercial opportunity by the directors
of
AmBev, without prejudice to any further investigation that the staff of the
CVM
might conduct as needed. Moreover, the CVM expressed its understanding that
directors involved in the InBev-AmBev Transactions could not have intervened
in
the AmBev board resolutions related thereto, recommending that the staff
investigate any possible violation of the fiduciary obligations of one specific
director who was a shareholder of Braco (now known as InBev Brasil) and ECAP,
the direct controlling shareholders of AmBev and took part in AmBev’s board
resolution. There would be a quorum to approve the relevant resolutions even
without the vote of such director. The CVM recommended also that the staff
investigate the adequacy of the disclosure proceeding of the transactions.
So
far, we have not been informed of any specific administrative action in relation
thereto.
Following
the announcement of the InBev-AmBev Transactions, we were notified by the
CVM
that it detected what it perceived to be unusual trading patterns in shares
of
AmBev in the weeks preceding the announcement. The CVM, in accordance with
what
we understand to be its standard procedures, requested from us and from InBev
Brasil a list of all directors, officers, employees, accountants, lawyers,
investment bankers and other consultants involved in the InBev-AmBev
Transactions. That information has been supplied to the CVM. According to
certain public statements of staff members and commissioners of the CVM,
the CVM
is investigating the possibility that the trading of AmBev shares based on
non-public information occurred. We believe that CVM’s investigation is pending;
however, we have no indication of when the investigation will
conclude.
107
Environmental
matters
On
November 7, 2001, the Public Attorney (Promotoria)
of
Manaus notified us that a criminal lawsuit had been initiated against IBANN,
our
subsidiary, and three of its officers in the courts of the State of Manaus
claiming damages for harm allegedly done to the Igarapé
dos Franceses
forest.
On March 21, 2002, the Public Attorney proposed a settlement through a series
of
environmental projects. On November 19, 2002 we entered into an agreement
with
the Public Attorney which included the reforestation of an area of the
Igarapé
dos Franceses
forest
and the purchase of equipment used by the governmental agencies to protect
the
environment. We have complied with all the terms of the agreement which will
be
homologated at a judicial hearing which has yet to be scheduled.
There
was
a civil action brought by the Public Attorney of the State of Amazonas against
the State Government of Amazonas (Environmental Protection Institute of Amazonas
- “IPAAM”), the municipality of Manaus (Municipal Department of Environment
Development - “SEDEMA”) and beverage industry companies in August 2000, which
resulted in a settlement which provides for obligations in the collection
and
recycling of PET packages. The obligations are of a permanent nature and
we
believe that we are regularly complying with them.
In
August
2003, Oliveira Comércio de Sucatas filed a complaint with the Public Attorney of
the city of Pedreira, in the State of São Paulo, alleging that CBB was using the
waste disposal site of the city as a disposal for toxic garbage. In September
2003, we presented our response and have performed all the necessary studies
which allowed us to conclude that CBB had not disposed of any toxic garbage
and
that there were no actions causing harm to the environment. We are awaiting
conclusion of expert testimony. Based on the results of our studies,
as
well as the retaliatory nature of Oliveira Comércio de Sucatas’ complaint filed
immediately following a termination of a service contract, we believe we
will be
cleared.
The
Public Attorney of the State of Rio de Janeiro has requested the initiation
of a
civil investigation to investigate anonymous reports of the pollution allegedly
caused by Nova Rio, AmBev’s beer plant located in the city of Rio de Janeiro.
Currently this investigation is in the discovery phase. We expect this
investigation to be dismissed as we have presented several expert opinions,
including one from the State environmental agency (“FEEMA”) showing lack of
environmental damages. Due to the wide repercussion of this matter in the
media,
the Legislative Branch initiated a Parliamentary Commission of Investigation
(Comissão
Parlamentar de Inquérito
- “CPI”)
to investigate the facts. Our corporate relations officer, Milton Seligman,
has
testified in a public hearing related to this matter. We expect the CPI to
be
dismissed as we presented expert opinions showing the lack of any environmental
damages.
Dividend
Policy
For
information regarding our dividend policy, see “Key Information—Selected
Financial Data—Dividends—Dividend Policy”.
108
Significant
Changes
Except
as
otherwise described in our annual financial statements and in this annual
report, there have been no significant changes in our business, financial
conditions or results since December 31, 2004.
109
The
Offer and Listing
PRINCIPAL
MARKET AND TRADING MARKET PRICE INFORMATION
AmBev
is
registered as a publicly held company with the CVM and has been listed on
the
Brazilian stock exchanges since December 17, 1998 under the name Aditus
Participações S.A. Because AmBev was originally incorporated as a shelf company
without any operational activity, there was no market for AmBev shares until
September 17, 1999, two business days after the Antarctica conversion. From
September 17, 1999 until September 15, 2000, the first date following the
Brahma
conversion, there was a limited trading market for AmBev shares. For a
description of the combination transactions that led to the formation of
AmBev,
including the Antarctica and Brahma conversions, see “Information on the
Company—The Combination” and “Information on the Company—Brazilian Antitrust
Approval”. AmBev shares are quoted on Bovespa under the symbols “AMBV3” (common
shares) and “AMBV4” (preferred shares). Until April 28, 2000, the AmBev shares
were traded on the Rio de Janeiro Stock Exchange and other Brazilian stock
exchanges under the symbols “AMBVON” (common shares) and “AMBVPN” (preferred
shares).
On
October 20, 2000, the shareholders of AmBev present at an extraordinary general
meeting unanimously approved a five-for-one stock split of the Company’s
outstanding common and preferred shares. See note 15(a)(ii) in our consolidated
financial statements.
Shares
The
table
below shows the quoted high and low closing sales prices in reais
on
Bovespa for AmBev’s preferred and common shares for the indicated periods. All
prices quoted below relating to periods prior to September 15, 2000 relate
to
high and low closing sales prices in reais
on the
Bovespa for preferred and common shares of Brahma, AmBev’s predecessor. All
share prices, including prices relating to Brahma preferred and common shares,
have been restated to reflect AmBev’s five-for-one stock split described in the
preceding paragraph.
110
Trading
Prices on the Bovespa: Common and Preferred
Shares(1)
Per
1,000 Common Shares
Per
1,000 Preferred Shares
High
High
High
Low
(in
reais)
(in
reais)
Annual
2004
R$
1,420
R$
635
R$
815
R$
514
2003
640
415
739
474
2002
489
355
550
391
2001
540
350
581
406
2000
470
158
488
208
Quarterly
2005
First
Quarter
R$
1,401
R$
1,050
R$
825
R$
655
2004
First
Quarter
R$
1,000
R$
635
R$
815
R$
520
Second
Quarter
1,230
948
616
514
Third
Quarter
1,140
1,232
670
605
Fourth
Quarter
1,420
1,195
765
646
2003
First
Quarter
R$
480
R$
415
562
R$
474
Second
Quarter
540
470
613
543
Third
Quarter
630
484
703
563
Fourth
Quarter
640
550
739
600
Monthly
2005
January
R$
1,401
R$
1,260
R$
766
R$
655
February
1,335
1,280
804
665
March
1,305
1,050
825
745
April
950
630
750
690
May
655
600
726
696
2004
December
R$
1,420
R$
1,330
R$
765
R$
707
____________________
Source:
Bloomberg
(1)
For
a
period of time commencing on September 17, 1999, two business days after the
Antarctica conversion, and prior to September 15, 2000, the first date following
the Brahma conversion, two separate trading markets existed for the shares
of
AmBev and Brahma, AmBev’s predecessor. Due to the limited trading volume in
AmBev’s shares throughout this period, however, this chart only relates to the
stock prices of Brahma shares for the period of time commencing on September17,1999 and prior to September 15, 2000.
111
ADRs
AmBev
has
registered two classes of American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) pursuant to the
Securities Exchange Act: ADSs evidenced by American Depositary Receipts
(“ADRs”)
representing 100 preferred shares, and ADSs evidenced by ADRs representing
100
common shares. The ADSs have been listed on the New York Stock
Exchange
since September 15, 2000 and trade under the symbols “ABV.c” (ADSs representing
AmBev common shares) and “ABV” (ADSs representing AmBev preferred shares). On
October 20, 2000, the shareholders present at an extraordinary general
meeting
unanimously approved a five-for-one stock split of AmBev’s outstanding common
and preferred shares. However, AmBev’s ADSs were not split. Prior to the stock
split, each ADS represented 20 common or preferred shares of AmBev. Since
the
stock split did not affect AmBev’s ADSs, after the stock split each ADS
represented 100 common or preferred shares of AmBev. Consequently, the
stock
split did not have a significant impact on the price of our ADRs.
As
of May31, 2005, there were 19 registered
holders of our preferred ADSs, with approximately 99.9% of the preferred
ADSs
registered in the name of The Depository Trust Company. As of May 31,2005,
there were three registered
holders of the common ADSs, with approximately 99.9% of the ADSs registered
in
the name of The Depository Trust Company.
The
information presented in the table below represents, for the indicated
periods,
the reported high and low closing sales prices of AmBev ADRs quoted in
U.S.
dollars on the New York Stock Exchange. All prices quoted below
relating to
periods prior to September 15, 2000 relate to the reported high
and low
closing sales prices of the ADRs of Brahma, AmBev’s predecessor, quoted in
dollars on the New York Stock Exchange.
112
Trading
Prices on the New York Stock Exchange: ADRs Representing
100 Common
and Preferred Shares(1)
Per
100 Common Shares ADR
Per
100 Preferred Shares ADR
High
Low
High
Low
(in
U.S.$)
(in
U.S.$)
Annual
2004
U.S.$
52.05
U.S.$
17.90
U.S.$28.33
U.S.$16.20
2003
22.00
10.00
25.51
13.00
2002
18.75
10.18
21.49
10.70
2001
26.00
10.00
28.70
14.20
2000
19.88
9.00
25.50
11.81
Quarterly
2005
First
Quarter
U.S.$52.50
U.S.$42.00
U.S.$30.71
U.S.$
24.28
2004
First
Quarter
U.S.$32.80
U.S.$17.90
U.S.$28.24
U.S.$17.90
Second
Quarter
39.17
32.87
20.07
16.20
Third
Quarter
42.50
37.20
22.52
19.88
Fourth
Quarter
52.05
42.50
28.33
22.69
2003
First
Quarter
U.S.$14.11
U.S.$10.00
U.S.$16.61
U.S.$13.00
Second
Quarter
18.10
10.00
21.31
17.15
Third
Quarter
19.00
14.00
24.06
18.18
Fourth
Quarter
22.00
15.00
25.51
21.02
Monthly
2005
January
U.S.$52.50
U.S.$47.10
U.S.$28.65
U.S.$24.28
February
51.58
50.49
30.71
25.56
March
49.80
42.00
30.55
27.52
April
35.61
25.02
28.67
26.51
May
27.36
22.36
30.46
27.75
2004
December
U.S.$52.05
U.S.$48.19
U.S.$28.33
U.S.$25.90
_____________________
Source:
The Bank of New York
(1)
For a period of time commencing on September 17, 1999, two business days
after
the Antarctica conversion, and prior to September 15, 2000, the first
date
following the Brahma conversion, two separate trading markets existed
for the
shares of AmBev and Brahma, AmBev’s predecessor. Due to the limited trading
volume in AmBev’s shares throughout this period, however, this chart only
relates to the stock prices of Brahma shares for the period of time commencing
on September 17, 1999 and prior to September 15, 2000.
113
REGULATION
OF THE BRAZILIAN SECURITIES MARKET
The
Brazilian securities markets are regulated by the CVM, which has regulatory
authority over the stock exchanges and securities markets, as well as
by the
Central Bank, which has, among other powers, licensing authority over
brokerage
firms and regulates foreign investment and foreign exchange transactions.
The
Brazilian securities markets are governed by Law No. 6,385 dated December
7,
1976 (the Brazilian Securities Law), and by Brazilian Corporate Law,
as amended
and supplemented. These laws and regulations, among others, provide for
disclosure requirements, restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation,
and protection of minority shareholders. They also provide for licensing
and
oversight of brokerage firms and governance of Brazilian stock exchanges.
However, the Brazilian securities markets are not as highly regulated
and
supervised as U.S. securities markets.
Under
Brazilian Corporate Law, a company is either publicly held (listed),
a
companhiaaberta,
such as
AmBev, whose shares are publicly traded on the Bovespa, or privately
held
(unlisted), a companhia
fechada.
All
listed companies are registered with the CVM and are subject to reporting
and
regulatory requirements. The Brazilian Corporate Law allows the CVM to
classify
listed companies according to the kind of securities they issue. A company
registered with the CVM may trade its securities either on the Brazilian
stock
exchanges or in the Brazilian over-the-counter market. Shares of companies
like
AmBev traded on the Bovespa may not simultaneously be traded on the Brazilian
over-the-counter market. The shares of a listed company, including AmBev,
may
also be traded privately subject to several limitations. To be listed
on the
Bovespa a company must apply for registration with the CVM and the Bovespa.
The
trading of securities on the Brazilian stock exchanges may be halted
at the
request of a company in anticipation of a material announcement. Companies
are
sometimes required by law to request such suspension. Trading may also
be
suspended on the initiative of a Brazilian stock exchange or the CVM,
among
other reasons, based on or due to a belief that a company has provided
inadequate information regarding a significant event or has provided
inadequate
responses to inquiries by the CVM or a stock exchange.
Trading
on the Brazilian Stock Exchanges
On
January 27, 2000, a formal protocol was signed merging the previous nine
Brazilian stock exchanges. Following the merger, Bovespa is the only
Brazilian
stock exchange on which private equity and private debt may be traded.
Bovespa
is a not-for-profit entity owned by its member brokerage firms. Trading
on
Bovespa is limited to member brokerage firms and a limited number of
authorized
non-members.
Bovespa
outcry trading sessions are from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. and from 2:00
p.m. to
4:45 p.m., São Paulo time. During daylight savings time in the United States,
the sessions are held from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and from 1:00 p.m.
to 3:45
p.m., São Paulo time. There is also an on-line Bovespa trading system called
Mega Bolsa which trades all stocks that are not traded in the floor,
the
simultaneously trade of some stocks being permitted (from 10:00 a.m.
to 5 p.m.,
or from 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. during daylight savings time in the United
States and from 4:45 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. there is a closing call). Bovespa
also
permits trading from 6:45 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. on an on-line system connected
to
traditional and Internet brokers called the After Market. The After Market
session is restricted to certain stocks that were traded in the floor
during the
outcry session demonstrating certain liquidity characteristics. Trading
on the
After Market is subject to regulatory limits on price volatility and
on the
volume of shares transacted through Internet brokers. CVM has discretionary
authority to suspend trading in shares of a particular issuer under specific
circumstances. Securities listed on the Bovespa may also be traded off
the
exchange under specific circumstances, but such trading is very limited.
Settlement
of transactions is effected three business days after the trade date,
without
adjustment for inflation. Delivery of and payment for shares are made
through
the facilities of separate clearing houses for each exchange, which maintain
accounts for the member brokerage firms. The seller is ordinarily required
to
deliver the shares to the exchange on the second business day following
the
trade date. The clearing house for Bovespa is Companhia Brasileira de
Liquidação
e Custodia (“CBLC”), which is owned by Bovespa and its members.
In
order
to better control volatility, Bovespa has adopted a “circuit breaker” mechanism
pursuant to which trading sessions may be suspended for a period of 30
minutes
or 1 hour whenever the index of the stock exchange falls 10% or
15%,
respectively, compared to the previous day’s closing index. If the market falls
more than 15%
114
compared
to the previous day no more pauses are taken. The “circuit breaker” is not
allowed to be started during the last 30 minutes of the trading session
(from
4:15 p.m. to 4:45 p.m.).
Although
the Brazilian equity market is Latin America’s largest in terms of market
capitalization, it is smaller, more volatile and less liquid than the
major U.S.
and European securities markets. At December 31, 2004, the aggregate
market
capitalization of all the companies listed on Bovespa was equivalent
to
approximately R$904.9 billion. Although all of the outstanding
shares of a
listed company are actually available for trading by the public, in most
cases
fewer than half of the listed shares are actually traded by the public
because
the remainder of a listed company’s shares are usually held by small groups of
controlling persons, by governmental entities or by one principal shareholder.
For this reason, data showing the total market capitalization of Brazilian
stock
exchanges tend to overstate the liquidity of the Brazilian equity securities
market.
There
is
also significantly greater concentration in the Brazilian securities
markets.
During the year ended December 31, 2004, the ten most actively traded
issues
represented approximately 49.5%
of the
total volume of shares traded on Bovespa, comparable to the 53.5%
of
total volume in 2003.
Trading
on Brazilian stock exchanges by non-residents of Brazil is subject to
limitations under Brazilian foreign investment legislation. See “Key
Information—Exchange Rate Information—Exchange Controls” and “Additional
Information—Memorandum and Articles of Association—Restrictions on Foreign
Investment”.
Set
forth
below is a brief summary of the material provisions concerning our
preferred
shares, common shares, bylaws and the Brazilian Corporate Law. In Brazil,
the
principal governing document of a corporation is the company’s bylaws
(“Estatuto
Social”).
This
description is qualified in its entirety by reference to Brazilian
Corporate Law
and our bylaws. An English translation of our bylaws has been filed
with the
SECas an exhibit to this annual report. A copy of our bylaws (together
with an
English translation) is also available for inspection at the principal
office of
the Depositary. Information on the trading market for our preferred
shares is
set forth under “The Offer and Listing-Principal Market and Trading Market Price
Information” and information on ownership of our shares is set forth under
“Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions-Major
Shareholders”.
Our
capital stock is comprised of preferred shares and common shares, all
without
par value. At May 31, 2005, there were 31,147,483,500 total preferred
shares
(“ações
preferenciais”)
outstanding and 34,499,422,931 total common shares (“ações
ordinárias”)
outstanding. We are authorized to increase our capital upon the decision
of our
Board of Directors, without the need to amend our bylaws, up to 70,000,000,000
shares. There are no other classes or series of preferred shares
outstanding.
Each
AmBev common share entitles the holder thereof to one vote at meetings
of our
shareholders. Holders of common shares are not entitled to any preference
relating to our dividends or other distributions or any preference
upon our
liquidation.
Each
AmBev preferred share is non-voting, may not be converted into a common
share,
and is entitled to:
(i)
priority
in the reimbursement of capital in case of company’s liquidation;
and
(ii)
the
right to receive dividends in an amount per share at least
10% higher than
the amount per share paid to holders of common
shares.
See
“Voting Rights” for more information regarding the voting rights of our
preferred shares.
Although
Law No. 10,303/01 has amended the Brazilian Corporate Law to establish
that the
number of non-voting shares or shares with limited voting rights, such
as our
preferred shares, may not exceed half (50%) of the total number of
issued
shares, since AmBev has been incorporated prior to the enactment of
Law No.
10,303/01, it is allowed by law to keep the existing proportion between
common
shares and preferred shares - i.e. the number of its non-voting shares
may not
exceed two-thirds of the total number of its shares.
The
majority of members of our Board of Directors are elected by
the
controlling shareholders of our common shares. Board members, regardless
the
shareholder they represent, owe fiduciary duties towards the
Company and
all of its shareholders. At the same time, any director appointed
by
shareholders bound by a shareholders’ agreement is also bound by the terms of
such agreement. For further information on this matter see “Major Shareholders
and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders—AmBev Shareholders’
Agreement”.
General
Our
registered name is Companhia de Bebidas das Américas - AmBev and our registered
office is in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Our registration number with the São Paulo
Commercial Registry is 35,300,157,770. AmBev’s principal corporate purposes
include the production and sale of beer, soft drinks and other beverages.
A more
detailed description of AmBev’s purposes can be found in Chapter I, Article 3 of
AmBev’s bylaws.
Board
of Directors
In
accordance with the Brazilian Corporate Law, any matters subject to
the approval
of our Board of Directors can be approved by the affirmative vote of
a majority
of our Board members present at the relevant meeting, except as provided
in
AmBev’s Shareholders’ Agreement.
116
According
to the general principles of the Brazilian Corporate Law, if a director
or an
executive officer has a conflict of interest with the company in connection
with
any proposed transaction, the director or executive officer may not
vote in any
decision of the Board of Directors or of the board of executive officers
regarding such transaction and must disclose the nature and extent
of the
conflicting interest for transcription in the minutes of the meeting.
In any
case, a director or an executive officer may not transact any business
with the
company, including any borrowings, except on reasonable or fair terms
and
conditions that are identical to the terms and conditions prevailing
in the
market or offered by third parties. Any transaction a director may
have an
interest can only be approved if carried out on an arm’s-length
basis.
Our
bylaws and the Brazilian Corporate Law require that our directors be
shareholders of the Company. Ownership of one share is sufficient to
satisfy
this condition.
Dividends
and Reserves
The
discussion below summarizes the main provisions of the Brazilian Corporate
Law
regarding the establishment of reserves by corporations and rules with
respect
to the distribution of dividends, including provisions regarding the
interest
attributable to shareholders’ equity.
Calculation
of Distributable Amounts
At
each
Annual Shareholders’ meeting, AmBev’s Board of Directors is required to propose
how the Company’s net earnings for the preceding fiscal year are to be
allocated. For purposes of Brazilian Corporate Law, a company’s net income after
income taxes and social contribution taxes for such fiscal year, net
of any
accumulated losses from prior fiscal years and amounts allocated to
employees’
and management’s participation in earnings represents its “adjusted income” for
such fiscal year. In accordance with the Brazilian Corporate Law, an
amount
equal to such “adjusted income” (which we will refer to as the “distributable
amount”) will be available for distribution to shareholders in any particular
year. Such distributable amount is subject to:
Reductions that may be caused by amounts contributed for the purpose
of meeting
the charges of the assistance foundation for employees and management
of the
Company and its controlled companies, with due regard for the rules
established
by the Board of Directors to this effect. Up to 10% of the distributable
amount
may be contributed under this concept.
Reductions
caused by amounts allocated to the “Legal Reserve” or contingency reserves. See
“—Reserves”.
Increases caused by reversals of reserves constituted in prior
years.
Mandatory Dividend
AmBev
is
required by its bylaws to distribute to shareholders as dividends in
respect to
each fiscal year ending on December 31 an amount not less than
35% of the
distributable amount (mandatory dividend). In addition to the mandatory
dividend, the Board of Directors may recommend payment of additional
dividends
to shareholders. The limit for dividend payment is the distributable
amount plus
the balance available in our statutory “Investment Reserve”, in which we
allocate distributable amounts from previous fiscal years not paid
as dividends.
See “—Reserves”. Furthermore, dividend payments may be implemented in advance,
during the fiscal year to which it is related, upon decision of the
Board of
Directors. Any amount paid as dividend in advance will be considered
by the end
of the fiscal year as part of the mandatory dividend owed to
shareholders.
In
addition, the mandatory dividend, either the full amount or a portion
of it, may
not be paid in any given year should the Board of Directors consider
that such
payment is incompatible with the company’s financial situation, subject
to shareholders approval. While the law does not establish the
circumstances in which payment of the mandatory dividend is “incompatible”
with a company’s financial situation, it is generally agreed that a company
is allowed not to pay the mandatory dividend if such payment threatens
the
existence of the company as a going concern or harms its normal course
of
operations. The Company’s Conselho
Fiscal
must
opine on the non-payment of mandatory dividends, and AmBev’s administration is
supposed to provide to the CVM, no later
than
5 business days after such decision is taken, a report explaining the
reasons
considered by the Board of Directors.
117
Any
postponed payment of mandatory dividends must be allocated as a special
reserve.
Any remaining balance of such reserve not absorbed by losses in subsequent
fiscal years must be paid to shareholders as soon as the Company’s financial
situation allows.
Dividend
Preference of Preferred Shares
Pursuant
to AmBev’s bylaws, AmBev’s preferred shares, if any, are entitled to dividends
10% greater than the dividends to be paid to AmBev’s common shares.
Payment
of Dividends
Under
Brazilian Corporate Law any holder of record of shares at the time
of a dividend
declaration is entitled to receive dividends, which are generally required
to be
paid within 60 days following the date of such declaration, unless
a
shareholders’ resolution sets forth another date of payment, which, in either
case, must occur prior to the end of the fiscal year in which such
dividends
were declared. AmBev’s bylaws do not provide for a time frame for payment of
dividends. The mandatory dividend is satisfied through payments made
in the form
of dividends and interest attributable to shareholders’ equity, which is
equivalent, from an economic perspective, to a dividend, but is usually
a tax
maximizing way to distribute earnings to our shareholders, as it is
generally
deductible for income tax purposes (see “—Interest Attributable to Shareholders’
Equity”). Shareholders have a three-year period from the dividend payment
date
to claim the payment of dividends after which the Company has no liability
for
such payment.
Shareholders
who are not residents of Brazil must register their investment with
the Central
Bank in order for dividends, sales proceeds or other amounts to be
eligible for
remittance in foreign currency outside of Brazil. The preferred and
common
shares underlying our ADSs are held in Brazil by the custodian, Banco
Itaú S.A.,
as agent for the depositary (The Bank of New York), which is
the registered
owner of such AmBev shares. Payments of cash dividends and distributions,
if
any, on AmBev common and preferred shares will be made in Brazilian
reais
to the
custodian on behalf of the depositary. The custodian will then convert
such
proceeds into U.S. dollars and will deliver such U.S. dollars to the
depositary
for distribution to the holders of AmBev ADSs. In the event that the
custodian
is unable to immediately convert the dividends in reais
into
U.S. dollars, holders of the preferred and common AmBev ADSs may be
adversely
affected by devaluations or other exchange rate fluctuations before
such
dividends can be converted and remitted. Fluctuations in the exchange
rate
between the real
and the
U.S. dollar may also affect the U.S. dollar equivalent of the real
price of
the preferred and common shares of AmBev in the Brazilian stock
exchange.
Interest
Attributable to Shareholders’ Equity
Since
1996, Brazilian companies are permitted to distribute earnings to shareholders
under the concept of interest attributable to shareholder’s equity. The amounts
paid under this concept are generally deductible for AmBev’s income tax purposes
and, as of the beginning of 1998, they also became deductible for social
contribution purposes. The amount of any such notional “interest” payment to
holders of equity securities is limited in respect of any particular
year to the
minimum of (a) 50% of retained earnings plus any statutory earnings
reserve or
(b) the company’s shareholder’s equity multiplied by the Taxa
de Juros de Longo Prazo
(“TJLP”), which is the official interest rate used as reference in long-term
loans provided by the BNDES.
Interest
attributable to shareholder’s equity is treated exactly as dividends for
purposes of income distribution. The only significant difference is
that a 15%
withholding tax is due by non-exempt shareholders upon receipt of such
interest
payment, which tax is collected by the company on behalf of its shareholders
when the distribution is implemented.
The
net
amount shareholders receive as interest attributable to shareholder’s equity is
deducted from the mandatory dividend owed to shareholders.
118
Reserves
General
Brazilian
Corporate Law provides that all discretionary allocations of “adjusted income”,
including the Unrealized Income Reserve and the Investment Reserve,
are subject
to approval by shareholders and may be added to capital or distributed
as
dividends in subsequent years. In the case of Tax Incentive Reserve
and the
Legal Reserve, they are also subject to shareholders’ approval; however,
the use of their respective balances is restricted to being added to
capital or
the absorption of losses. They cannot be used as a source for income
distribution to shareholders.
Legal
Reserve
Under
Brazilian Corporate Law, corporations are required to maintain a “Legal Reserve”
to which they must allocate 5% of their “adjusted income” for each fiscal year
until the balance of the reserve equals 20% of their paid-in capital.
Accumulated losses, if any, may be charged against the Legal Reserve.
Other than
that, the Legal Reserve can only be used to increase a company’s
capital.
Contingency
Reserve
Under
the
Brazilian Corporate Law, a portion of our “adjusted income” may also be
discretionally allocated to a “contingency reserve” for an anticipated loss that
is deemed probable in future years. Any amount so allocated in a prior
year must
be either reversed in the fiscal year in which the loss was anticipated
if such
loss does not in fact occur or is not charged off in the event that
the
anticipated loss occurs.
Investment
Reserve
Under
Brazilian Corporate Law, a portion of a corporation’s “adjusted income” may be
allocated for discretionary appropriations for plant expansion and
other fixed
or working capital investment projects, including share buyback programs.
The
amounts appropriated in such reserves are based on a capital budget
previously
presented by management and approved by shareholders.
Pursuant
to the Brazilian Corporate Law, the Investment Reserve balance is not
allowed to
be greater than a company’s capital. In the case such limit is reached,
shareholders may vote for the amount in excess to be converted into
capital or
distributed as dividends.
Unrealized
Income Reserve
As
of
March 1, 2002, under Law No. 10,313, which amended the Brazilian Corporate
Law,
the amount by which the mandatory dividend exceeds the “realized” portion of net
profits for any particular year may be allocated to the unrealized
income
reserve. The “realized” portion of net profits is the amount by which “adjusted
income” exceed the sum of:
(i)
our
net positive results, if any, from the equity method of accounting
for
earnings and losses of our subsidiaries and certain affiliates;
and
(ii)
the
profits, gains or return obtained on transactions to be completed
after
the end of the following fiscal
year.
Tax
Incentive Reserve
Under
Brazilian tax laws, a portion of “adjusted income” may also be allocated to a
general “tax incentive reserve” in amounts corresponding to reductions in a
company’s income tax generated by credits for particular government-approved
investments. The reserve is available only in connection with the acquisition
of
capital stock of companies undertaking specific government-approved
projects.
119
Voting
Rights
Each
common share entitles its holder to one vote at AmBev’s shareholders meetings.
Holders of preferred shares are not ordinarily entitled to vote at
AmBev’s
shareholders’ meetings.
Brazilian
Corporate Law provides that non-voting preferred shares entitled to
receive
minimum or fixed dividends acquire full voting rights in the event
that a
company fails to pay the minimum or fixed dividends to which such shares
are
entitled for the period established by such company’s bylaws, which may not
exceed three consecutive fiscal years. Such voting rights continue
until
payment of dividends is resumed (or until all dividends due are paid,
in the
case of preferred shares with the right to receive dividends cumulatively).
The
same rule applies to preferred shares with restricted voting rights,
causing the
suspension of the restrictions in place. The existing preferred shares
of AmBev
will not acquire such voting rights as AmBev preferred shares are not
entitled
to receive minimum or fixed dividends.
Election
of Directors
Each
common share of AmBev represents one vote at any shareholders’ meeting in
connection with the election of the Board of Directors of AmBev. Minority
common
shareholders holding at least 15% of voting capital or preferred shareholders
holding at least 10% of total capital may each elect one member of
the Board of
Directors and its alternate member. Additionally, if such shareholders
do not
achieve such percentage, they can jointly appoint one member of the
Board of
Directors and its alternate member once they represent, together, at
least 10%
of total capital. In order to exercise these minority rights, shareholders
must
prove that they have held the shares for at least the last three months.
If
such
prerogative is exercised with the adoption of a cumulative voting procedure,
the
controlling shareholder will always have the right to elect the same
number of
members appointed by minority shareholders plus one, independently
of the number
of directors provided in the Company’s bylaws.
Shareholders
holding shares representing at least 10% of the shares entitled to
vote in the
shareholders’ meeting, or such smaller percentage applicable according to a
sliding scale determined by the CVM and based on the capital of the
company (5%
of the voting shares, in the case of AmBev), have the right to request
that a
cumulative voting procedure be adopted. Under such procedure, each
voting share
shall have as many votes as there are positions of directors to be
filled, and
each shareholder may cast all the votes for a single candidate or distribute
them among various candidates.
Under
the
bylaws of AmBev and applicable law, the number of directors may be
reduced to a
minimum of three. Because the AmBev shareholders’ agreement provides
that, as long as the FAHZ maintains a minimum shareholding in
AmBev, the FAHZ shall have the right to appoint four members
of the Board
of Directors, any reduction in the number of such members to fewer
than four
would be subject to the FAHZ’s approval.
Liquidation
In
the
event of liquidation, a general shareholders meeting shall determine
the form of
liquidation and appoint a committee to supervise the process during
the
liquidation period. A liquidator will be appointed by the Board of
Directors.
Upon
liquidation, the AmBev preferred shares have an absolute preference
over the
AmBev common shares. In the event of a liquidation, the assets available
for
distribution to AmBev’s shareholders would be distributed first to the preferred
shareholders in an amount equal to their pro rata share of the legal
capital of
the Company (AmBev’s current bylaws state that its capital is
R$4,742,803,034.47,
prior
to making any distributions to AmBev’s common shareholders. In the event that
the assets to be so distributed are insufficient to fully compensate
AmBev’s
preferred shareholders, the preferred shareholders would each receive
a pro rata
amount (based on their pro rata share of the legal capital of the Company
excluding the common shares in such calculation) of any available assets.
Although
the FAHZ’s net assets are included for the purposes of U.S. GAAP, in the event
of liquidation the creditors of AmBev would not have access to the
assets of the
FAHZ.
120
Shareholders’
Meeting
A
general
meeting is convened by publishing, no later than 15 days prior to the
scheduled
meeting date and no fewer than three times, a notice in the Diário
Oficial do Estado de São Paulo and in a newspaper with general circulation
in São Paulo, where AmBev has its registered office. The shareholders of
AmBev
have previously designated a local newspaper in the city of São Paulo for this
purpose. Such notice must contain the agenda for the meeting.
A
general
meeting may be held if shareholders representing at least one-quarter
of the
voting shares are present, except in some cases provided for by law,
such as for
the alteration of a company’s bylaws, which requires the presence of
shareholders representing at least two-thirds of the voting shares.
If no such
quorum is present, eight-day prior notice must be given in the same
manner as
described above, and a meeting may then be convened without any specific
quorum
requirement, subject to the minimum quorum and voting requirements
for specific
matters, as discussed below. Shareholders without voting rights may
attend a
general meeting and take part in the discussion of matters submitted
for
consideration.
Except
as
otherwise provided by law, resolutions of a general meeting are passed
by a
simple majority vote of the shares present or represented at the meeting,
abstentions not being taken into account. Under Brazilian Corporate
Law, the
approval of shareholders representing at least a majority of the issued
and
outstanding voting shares is required for the types of action described
below,
as well as, in the case of items (a) and (b), the approval of shareholders
representing a majority of the issued and outstanding preferred shares
of the
harmed class in a separate special meeting held no later than one year
after the
resolution is approved;
(a)
creating
preferred shares or increasing disproportionately an existing
class of
preferred shares relative to the other classes of shares,
unless such
action is provided for or authorized by the
bylaws;
(b)
modifying
a preference, privilege or condition of redemption or amortization
conferred on one or more classes of preferred shares, or
creating a new
class with greater privileges than those of the existing
classes of
preferred shares;
(c)
reducing
the mandatory dividend;
(d)
merging
AmBev with another company or consolidating or splitting
it;
(e)
participating
in a centralized group of companies as defined under Brazilian
Corporate
Law;
(f)
changing
the corporate objectives of AmBev;
(g)
creating
founders’ shares; and
(h)
dissolving
AmBev or ceasing its liquidation
status.
General
meetings can be called by the Board of Directors of AmBev. Under the
Brazilian
Corporate Law, meetings can also be convened by AmBev’s shareholders as follows:
(i) by any shareholder if, under certain circumstances set forth in
the
Brazilian Corporate Law, the directors take more than 60 days to convene
a
general shareholders’ meeting; (ii) by shareholders holding at least 5% of
AmBev’s total capital stock if, after a period of eight days, the
directors
fail to call a general shareholders’ meeting that has been justifiably requested
by such shareholders; and (iii) by shareholders holding at least
5% of
either AmBev’s voting capital stock or AmBev’s non-voting capital stock if,
after a period of eight days, the directors fail to call a general
meeting
for the purpose of installing a Conselho Fiscal that has been
requested by such shareholders. Additionally, under certain circumstances
set
forth in the Brazilian Corporate Law, meetings can also be convened
by AmBev’s
Conselho Fiscal. For further information regarding AmBev’s Conselho
Fiscal, see “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Directors—Board
Practices and Corporate Governance”.
A
shareholder may be represented at a general meeting by an attorney-in-fact
appointed no more than one year before the meeting, who must be a shareholder,
a
company officer or a lawyer. For a public company such as AmBev, the
attorney-in-fact may also be a financial institution.
121
Shareholders
may not exercise voting rights whenever they are contributing assets
in a
capital increase paid in kind or with respect to the approval of its
own
accounts, as well as in those resolutions that may favor such shareholders
specifically, or whenever there is a conflicting interest with the
company.
Mergers between affiliated parties are subject to a special statutory
valuation
procedure intended to determine whether the exchange ratio is adequate
for all
the parties involved, without preventing the resolution to be approved
for lack
of the statutory quorum.
Restrictions
on Foreign Investment
There
are
no restrictions on ownership or voting rights in respect of capital
stock of
AmBev owned by individuals or legal entities domiciled outside Brazil.
For a
description of voting rights, see “—Voting Rights”. The right to convert
dividend (including interest attributable to shareholders’ equity) payments and
proceeds from the sale of preferred or common shares into foreign currency
and
to remit such amounts outside Brazil, however, is subject to exchange
control
restrictions and foreign investment legislation. For a description
of these
exchange control restrictions and foreign investment legislation, see
“Key
Information—Exchange Rate Information—Exchange Controls”.
Withdrawal
Rights
Under
Brazilian Corporate Law, a dissenting shareholder has the right to
withdraw from
AmBev and be reimbursed for the value of the common or preferred shares
held,
whenever a decision is taken at a shareholders’ meeting by a qualified quorum of
shareholders representing at least 50% of the total outstanding voting
capital
to:
·
create
preferred shares or increase disproportionately an existing
class of
preferred shares relative to the other classes of shares,
unless such
action is provided for or authorized by AmBev’s
bylaws;
·
modify
a preference, privilege or condition of redemption or amortization
conferred on one or more classes of preferred shares, or
create a new
class with greater privileges than the existing classes of
preferred
shares;
·
reduce
the mandatory dividend;
·
merge
or consolidate AmBev with another company;
·
participate
in a centralized group of companies (as defined by the Brazilian
Corporate
Law);
·
change
the corporate objectives of AmBev;
·
split
AmBev, if the new entities resulting from the split have
different
principal corporate objectives, a lower minimum mandatory
dividend or
participate in a centralized group of
companies;
·
transform
AmBev into another corporate type;
·
in
case AmBev is transformed into a wholly owned subsidiary
of another
company; or
·
approve
the acquisition of another company, the price of which exceeds
the limits
set forth in Brazilian Corporate
Law.
Furthermore,
if a governmental entity acquires control of AmBev through expropriation
of
shares, shareholders will have the right to withdraw from AmBev and
be
reimbursed for the value of the shareholders’ equity attributable to their
equity interest.
The
withdrawal rights lapse 30 days after publication of the minutes of
the relevant
shareholders’ meeting in the Brazilian press. AmBev would be entitled to
reconsider any action triggering withdrawal rights within 10 days following
the
expiration of such rights if the redemption of shares of dissenting
shareholders
would jeopardize the financial stability of AmBev. Shares to be purchased
by
AmBev from the dissenting shareholders exercising withdrawal rights
will be
valued at an amount equal to the ratable portion attributable to such
shares of
the
122
shareholders’
equity of AmBev as shown on the last balance sheet approved at a general
meeting
of the shareholders (book value). However, if more than 60 days have
elapsed
since the date of such balance sheet; dissenting shareholders may require
that
the value of their shares be calculated on the basis of a new balance
sheet. As
a general rule, shareholders who acquire their shares after the first
notice
convening the shareholders’ meeting or after the relevant press release
concerning the meeting are published will not be entitled to withdrawal
rights.
Preemptive
Rights
Each
shareholder of AmBev generally has a preemptive right to subscribe
for shares in
capital increases (including in the issuance of stock purchase warrants
or
convertible bonds), in proportion to its shareholdings. A minimum period
of 30
days following the publication of notice of the capital increase is
allowed for
the exercise of the right and the right is negotiable. In the event
of a capital
increase which would maintain or increase the proportion of capital
represented
by preferred or common shares, holders of preferred ADSs or common
ADSs, as the
case may be, would have preemptive rights to subscribe only to newly
issued
preferred shares or common shares, as applicable. In the event of a
capital
increase which would reduce the proportion of capital represented by
preferred
shares or common shares, holders of preferred ADSs or common ADSs,
as the case
may be, would have preemptive rights to subscribe for common shares
or preferred
shares, as applicable, in proportion to their shareholdings only to
the extent
necessary to prevent dilution of their interest in AmBev. AmBev’s bylaws provide
that if our Board of Directors decides to increase
our share
capital within the limit of our authorized capital through
sale in
stock exchanges, public offerings or public tender offers, no preemptive
rights
apply. In addition, Brazilian law provides that the grant or the exercise
of
stock options pursuant to certain stock option plans, such as our stock
ownership plan, is not subject to preemptive rights.
Form
and Transfer
Brazilian
law provides that ownership of shares of capital stock of a Brazilian
corporation shall generally be evidenced only by a record of ownership
maintained by either the corporation or an accredited intermediary,
such as a
bank, acting as a registrar for the shares. Banco Itaú S.A. currently maintains
AmBev’s share ownership records.
Because
the preferred shares and common shares of AmBev are in registered book-entry
form, a transfer of such preferred and common shares is made under
the rules of
the Brazilian Corporate Law, which provides that a transfer of shares
is
effected by an entry made by the registrar for AmBev’s shares in its books, by
debiting the share account of the transferor and crediting the share
account of
the transferee.
Transfers
of preferred and common shares by a foreign investor are made in the
same way
and executed by such investor’s local agent on the investor’s behalf except
that, if the original investment was registered with the Central Bank
pursuant
to the foreign investment regulations, the foreign investor should
also seek
amendment, if necessary, through its local agent, of the corresponding
electronic registration to reflect the new ownership.
The
Bovespa operates a central clearing system. A holder of our shares
may choose,
at its discretion, to participate in this system, and all shares elected
to be
put into the system will be deposited in custody with the stock exchange
(through a Brazilian institution that is duly authorized to operate
by the
Central Bank and maintains a clearing account with the stock exchange).
The fact
that these shares are subject to custody with the stock exchange will
be
reflected in our registry of shareholders. Each participating shareholder
will,
in turn, be registered in our register of beneficial shareholders maintained
by
the stock exchange and will be treated in the same way as registered
shareholders.
Disclosure
of Principal Shareholders
Under
Brazilian law, shareholders owning more than ten percent of a company’s voting
shares, such as the holders of AmBev’s common shares, must publicly disclose
their shareholder ownership.
123
Other
Significant
Provisions of Brazilian Corporate Law
Brazilian
Corporate Law also requires the following:
·
upon
a sale of control, the acquiror is required to launch a tender
offer to
purchase all minority voting shares at a price equal to at
least 80% of
the price per share paid for the controlling
stake;
·
if
provided for in the bylaws, disputes among our shareholders
will be
subject to arbitration. Our bylaws currently do not provide
for
arbitration;
·
de-listing
of a public company is subject to an administrative proceeding
before the
CVM, having as condition the conduction of a tender offer
by the
controlling shareholder or the corporation itself for
the acquisition of
all outstanding shares (defined as those owned by shareholders
other than
the controlling shareholder, officers and directors)
at a fair price, as
determined by an independent appraiser. Shareholders
holding more than
two-thirds of the free float of shares must accept the
tender offer or
must expressly agree with the de-listing (for this purpose,
the free float
of shares must be considered those held by shareholders
that have either
accepted the de-listing or the
offer).
·
in
addition, if a controlling shareholder or group of
controlling
shareholders acquires additional shares in excess of
one-third of the free
float of shares in any class, a mandatory tender offer
is required for all
the outstanding shares in that class. The same requirement
applies
whenever (i) a shareholder or group of shareholders
representing the same
interest, and holding more than 50% of the shares in
any class from 7
March 2002 (when CVM's Normative Ruling No. 361 became
effective, except
for public companies exisiting in September 5, 2000,
in which case this
initial date will prevail), acquires a further interest
of 10% or more of
that same class of shares within a 12-month period;
and (ii) the CVM
determines, within six months after being informed,
that the acquisition
restricts the liquidity of the
shares.
·
upon
the occurrence of a tender offer aiming at delisting the
Company or
through which our controlling shareholders acquire more than
one-third of
the free float shares, the purchase price shall be equal
to the fair value
of the shares considering the total number of outstanding
shares;
·
members
of our Board of Directors elected by the non-controlling
shareholders have
the right to veto the choice of the independent accountant by
the
controlling shareholder;
·
our
controlling shareholders, the shareholders that elect members
to our Board
of Directors and to the Conselho Fiscal, the members of our Board
of Directors and Conselho Fiscal and our executive officers are
required to disclose any purchase or sale of our shares to
the CVM and to
the São Paulo Stock Exchange; and
·
the
chairman of any shareholders’ or Board of Directors’ meeting shall
disregard any vote that is rendered against provisions of
any
shareholders’ agreement if that shareholders’ agreement has been duly
filed with us. The AmBev Shareholders’ Agreement has been duly filed with
us.
The
following is a summary of the material contracts to which we are a
party.
Shareholders’
Agreement
The
agreement between the shareholders of Brahma and Antarctica to form
AmBev,
including the amendments inserted in connection with the transaction
between,
among
others,
AmBev
and InBev, and the other amendments is discussed in “Major Shareholders Related
and Party Transactions—Major Shareholders—AmBev Shareholders’
Agreement.”
Governance
Agreement
The
agreement relating to the governance of AmBev entered into between
FAHZ, InBev
Brasil, ECAP, AmBev and BAC pursuant to the stock purchase agreement
between
AmBev and BAC is discussed in “Major Shareholders and Related Party
Transactions—Major Shareholders—AmBev Share Transfer Agreement and AmBev
Governance Agreement”.
Acquisitions,
Dispositions and Joint Ventures
We
have
discussed the details of some material acquisitions, and agreements
related
thereto, in “Information on the Company—InBev-AmBev Transactions” and
“Information on the Company—Acquisition of Quinsa”. In addition, we are a party
to the following material acquisitions, dispositions and joint-ventures:
124
Pepsi
In
1997,
we acquired Pepsi-Cola Engarrafadora Ltda. and PCE Bebidas Ltda., PepsiCo
bottlers in southern and southeastern Brazil, and at the same time
acquired the
exclusive rights to produce, sell and distribute Pepsi soft drink products
in
northeastern Brazil. In 1999, we obtained the exclusive rights to produce,
sell
and distribute Pepsi soft drink products throughout Brazil. On October 9,2000, following the combination, we entered into a new franchise agreement
with
PepsiCo which terminated the Brahma franchise agreement and granted
us sole
bottler and distributor rights for Pepsi soft drink products in Brazil.
On
January 1, 2002, we expanded our partnership with PepsiCo to include
the
production, sale and distribution of Gatorade.
The
Gatorade
agreement has been submitted for CADE's review. CADE has approved
the
transaction with certain restrictions, including the sale of the trademark
Marathon.
See
“Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal
Proceedings—Joint Ventures and Alliances”. Our PepsiCo franchise agreement
expires in 2017, and, thereafter, will be automatically renewed for
additional
ten-year terms absent two years’ prior notice by either party of its intent not
to renew the contract following the expiration of the initial or any
subsequent
term.
ETCO
On
December 30, 2002, AmBev, Souza Cruz, Coca-Cola, and Sindicato Nacional
dos
Distribuidores de Combustíveis (“Sindicom”), among other Brazilian
non-governmental entities, formed the Brazilian Institute for Ethical
Competition (Instituto
Brasileiro de Ética Concorrencial - “ETCO”).
The main purpose of this non-profit organization is to fight tax evasion
and
illegal commerce. ETCO focuses on informing the public about unfair
market
practices, supporting governmental and non-governmental entities and
proposing
regulation regarding this subject. AmBev has also engaged in helping
federal and
state governments to fight tax evasion. The main initiative taken by
AmBev, and
supported by ETCO, was the request to have the government require the
mandatory
installation of flow meters in all Brazilian beer and soft drink
factories.
In
May
2004, the Brazilian government officially released a set of technical
specifications required for the regulation of flow meters installed
in brewing
plants. This announcement enables companies interested in installing
125
flow
meters to request official certification. Once the government officially
certifies the first supplier, the brewers operating in Brazil will
have up to
six months to install flow meters in all production lines. In
July
2004, AmBev’s Jaguariúna plant was the first plant to receive flow meter
certification, thus triggering the obligation of all Brazilian brewers
to
install flow meters within the following six months. We believe that
all
Brazilian brewers complied with such installation period, and we estimate
that
the certification procedure by the Brazilian government will be concluded
in the
last half of 2005. All of AmBev’s flow meters have been duly tested and we
expect that the certification procedure with respect to our production
lines
will be finished by July 2005.
Industrias
Del Atlántico
AmBev
completed the construction of a brewery in Guatemala in partnership
with
CabCorp, the main Pepsi bottler in Central America. Operations began
in August
2003. Equipment for the Guatemala plant was transferred from our other
facilities in Brazil due to the overcapacity resulting from the Brahma
and
Antarctica merger. On October 24, 2002, AmBev and CabCorp entered into
a
joint-venture agreement, setting forth rights and obligations for the
creation
of a strategic regional alliance to collaborate in, among other things,
the
production, importation, distribution, marketing and sale of AmBev’s products,
especially beer, in Guatemala and other Central American countries.
On August12, 2003, Monthiers S.A. (“Monthiers”), an indirect subsidiary of AmBev,
subscribed for 573,092 shares of common stock of Industrias Del Atlántico S.A.
(“IDA”), a Guatemalan company formerly controlled by CabCorp, representing
50%
plus one share of the outstanding issued and outstanding common stock
of IDA. As
consideration, Monthier contributed to IDA U.S.$ 7.2 million in debt
of IDA
relating to credits that CBB held against IDA in connection with the
import by
IDA of certain goods and equipment from CBB that had been transferred
to
Monthier. IDA produces beer in Guatemala under the trade name of Cerveceria
Rio.
Compañia
Cervecera AmBev Peru S.A.C.
On
February 19, 2003, we announced our decision to enter into the
Peruvian
beer market through the construction of a production facility and a
distribution
network. Our new plant, located in the Lima metropolitan region, was
completed
in May, 2005. The new plant will serve the local market and export
to certain
neighboring countries, such as Ecuador.
On
October 31, 2003, through our subsidiary Compañia Cervecera AmBev Peru S.A.C
(“AmBev Peru”), AmBev acquired certain assets of Embotelladora Rivera in Peru
for approximately R$86.7 million. These assets include two soft drinks
plants,
which combined have an estimated production capacity of 6.3 million
hectoliters
per year, and other sales and distribution assets in Lima. Contemporaneously
with this acquisition, AmBev became PepsiCo’s exclusive bottler for Northern
Peru and Lima. Embotteladora Rivera will sell and distribute our beer
and soft
drinks products in Northern Peru.
Cerveceria
Suramericana
In
December 2003, we acquired 80% of the capital of Cerveceria Suramericana,
currently AmBev Ecuador, the second largest brewer in Ecuador, for
approximately
R$105.6 million. Through its Biela brand, AmBev Ecuador currently holds
approximately 7.0% of the Ecuadorian beer market, according to our
estimates.
AmBev’s plan is to leverage AmBev Ecuador's operations to launch a brand
of its
own in Ecuador.
Embodom
On
February 12, 2004, we announced an alliance with Embodom, a Pepsi bottler
in the
Dominican Republic, in order to jointly produce and market beer and
soft drinks
in the Dominican Republic. AmBev agreed to pay R$204.9 million for
51% of
Embodom’s total capital. In addition, AmBev expects to build a beer plant in
the
region of Santo Domingo, which will be contributed to Embodom together
with
U.S.$ 10 million in exchange for additional shares that will raise
AmBev’s stake
in Embodom to 66%.
Brazilian
Soccer Team Sponsorship Agreement
On
May 24, 2001, we signed an agreement with the Brazilian Soccer
Federation,
or the CBF, for sponsorship of the Brazilian national soccer team.
We chose
Guaraná Antarctica as the soft drink brand to initiate our sponsorship campaign.
The Guaraná Antarctica brand logo is displayed on the Brazilian national soccer
team training shirt. According to the sponsorship agreement, we may
also run
other promotions, use illustrated cans, distribute points-of-sale merchandising
materials and implement advertising campaigns, which may be extended
to our
entire beverage portfolio. We will pay the CBF a minimum of U.S.$10 million
annually for 18 years. The amount payable by us may increase
by up to
double the minimum amount based on bonus format on the performance
of our
proprietary soft drink market share.
126
The
Antitrust Performance Agreement
We
are
currently subject to one antitrust performance agreement in effect.
See
“Financial Information—Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Financial
Information—Legal Proceedings”. This agreement was signed with CADE in Brazil
and relates to the Brahma and Antarctica combination.
The
Conditional Approval of our deal with Quinsa
The
completion of our deal with Quinsa required the approval of the CNDC,
the
Argentinean antitrust agency. The approval was obtained in January
2003 subject
to the accomplishment of some specific conditions. For further information
on
this matter see “—Information on the Company—Acquisition
of
Interest in Quinsa”.
Debt
Issuances
In
December 2001, CBB issued U.S.$500 million 10½% notes due December 2011 in the
U.S. securities markets, fully guaranteed by AmBev. This offering significantly
increased the average maturity of AmBev outstanding debt. The transaction
was
priced at 98.56% of the nominal principal amount with a coupon rate
of 10.5%. On
October 4, 2002, we consummated an SEC registered exchange offer.
These
notes contain certain covenants and events of default which, if triggered,
may
cause accelerated amortization.
In
September 2003, CBB issued U.S.$500 million 8.75% notes due September
2013 in
the U.S. securities markets, fully guaranteed by AmBev. The transaction
was
priced at 99.67% of the nominal principal amount with a coupon rate
of
8.75%. We consummated an SEC registered exchange offer on September15,2004. These notes contain certain covenants and events of default which,
if
triggered, may cause accelerated amortization.
With
the
merger of CBB into AmBev in May 31, 2005, AmBev succeeded in all rights
and
obligations of CBB under the 2011 notes and the 2013 notes.
License
Agreements
We
have a
number of important license agreements, including (i) a cross-license
agreement
with InBev that allows us to exclusively produce, distribute and
market the
Stella
Artois
and
Beck’s
brands
in
most of Latin America, and allows InBev to exclusively produce, distribute
and
market the Brahma
brand in
Europe, Asia, Africa Cuba and the United States, in addition to a
license
agreement among us and InBev and according to which we may distribute
Stella
Artois branded beer in Canada; (ii) several license agreements with
PepsiCo that
grants us the exclusive right to bottle, sell and distribute certain
brands of
PepsiCo’s portfolio of soft drinks in certain Latin American countries,
including Brazil; and (iii) long term licensing agreements with Anheuser-Busch
that grant us the exclusive right to manufacture, package, sell,
distribute and
market some of Anheuser-Busch’s brands, including the Budweiser
and
Bud
Light
brands,
in Canada. See “Information on the Company - Licenses”. See also, for the
AmBev-InBev cross-license agreement, “Major Shareholders and Related Party
Transactions - Related Party Transactions”, and for the license agreements with
PepsiCo, “–Material
Contracts
–
Acquisitions, Dispositions and Joint Ventures –
Pepsi”.
127
EXCHANGE
CONTROLS AND OTHER LIMITATIONS AFFECTING
SECURITY HOLDERS
There
are
no restrictions on ownership of our American Depositary Shares or capital
stock
by individuals or legal entities domiciled outside Brazil. However, the
right to
convert dividend payments and proceeds from the sale of preferred shares
or
common shares into foreign currency and to remit such amounts outside
Brazil is
subject to restrictions under foreign investment legislation which generally
requires, among other things, that the relevant investment be registered
with
the Central Bank. These restrictions on the remittance of foreign capital
abroad
could hinder or prevent the custodian for the preferred shares or common
shares
represented by American Depositary Shares, or holders who have exchanged
American Depositary Shares for preferred shares or common shares, from
converting dividends, distributions or the proceeds from any sale of
preferred
shares or common shares, as the case may be, into U.S. dollars and remitting
such U.S. dollars abroad. Delays in, or refusal to grant any required
government
approval for conversions of Brazilian currency payments and remittances
abroad
of amounts owed to holders of American Depositary Shares could adversely
affect
holders of American Depositary Receipts.
Under
Resolution No. 2,689, foreign investors may invest in almost all financial
assets and engage in almost all transactions available in the Brazilian
financial and capital markets, provided that certain requirements are
fulfilled.
In accordance with Resolution No. 2,689, the definition of foreign investor
includes individuals, legal entities, mutual funds and other collective
investment entities, domiciled or headquartered abroad.
Under
Resolution No. 2,689, a foreign investor must:
·
appoint
at least one representative in Brazil, with powers to perform
actions
relating to its investment,
·
appoint
an authorized custodian in Brazil for its
investments,
·
complete
the appropriate foreign investor registration
form,
·
register
as a foreign investor with the CVM,
and
·
register
its foreign investment with the Central
Bank.
Securities
and other financial assets held by foreign investors pursuant to Resolution
No.
2,689 must be registered or maintained in deposit accounts or under the
custody
of an entity duly licensed by the Central Bank the CVM. In addition
securities trading is restricted to transactions carried out on stock
exchanges
or through organized over-the-counter markets licensed by the CVM, except
for
subscription, share dividends, conversion of debentures into shares,
securities
indexes, purchase and sale of investment funds quotas and, if permitted
by the
CVM, going private transactions, canceling or suspension of trading.
Moreover,
the offshore transfer or assignment of the securities or other financial
assets
held by foreign investors pursuant to Resolution No. 2,689 are prohibited,
except for transfers resulting from a corporate reorganization, or occurring
upon the death of an investor by operation of law or will.
Resolution
No. 1,927 of the National Monetary Council, which is the restated
and
amended Annex V to Resolution No. 1,289, which we call the Annex
V
Regulations, provides for the issuance of depositary receipts in foreign
markets
in respect of shares of Brazilian issuers. It provides that the proceeds
from
the sale of American Depositary Shares by holders of American Depositary
Receipts outside Brazil are free of Brazilian foreign investment controls
and
holders of American Depositary Shares who are not resident in a tax-haven
jurisdiction, as defined below (see “—Taxation”) will be entitled to favorable
tax treatment. See “—Brazilian Tax Considerations” for more information on the
Brazilian tax implications on the acquisition, ownership and disposition
of our
securities.
An
electronic registration has been issued by the custodian in the name
of The Bank
of New York, the depositary, with respect to the American Depositary
Shares.
Pursuant to this electronic registration, the custodian and the depositary
are
able to convert dividends and other distributions with respect to the
preferred
shares or common shares represented by American Depositary Shares into
foreign
currency and to remit the proceeds outside Brazil. If a holder exchanges
American Depositary Shares for preferred shares or common shares, the
holder may
continue to rely on the custodian’s electronic registration for only five
business days after the exchange. After that,
128
the
holder must seek to obtain its own electronic registration with the Central
Bank under Law No. 4,131 or Resolution No. 2,689. Thereafter, unless
the
holder has registered its investment with the Central Bank, such holder may
not
convert into foreign currency and remit outside Brazil the proceeds from the
disposition of, or distributions with respect to, such preferred shares or
common shares. A holder that obtains an electronic registration generally will
be subject to less favorable Brazilian tax treatment than a holder of American
Depositary Shares. See “—Taxation”.
There
were previously two foreign exchange markets in Brazil. Currently, with the
enactment of National Monetary Council Resolution No. 3,265 of March4,2005, the foreign exchange markets have been consolidated to form one exchange
market. All transactions involving foreign currency in the Brazilian market,
whether carried out by investors resident or domiciled in Brazil or investors
resident or domiciled abroad, must now be conducted in such exchange market,
through institutions authorized by the Central Bank, subject to the Central
Bank
rules. See “Key Information—Exchange Rates Information”.
Under
Brazilian law, whenever there is a serious imbalance in Brazil’s balance of
payments or reasons to foresee a serious imbalance, the Brazilian government
may
impose temporary restrictions on the remittance to foreign investors of the
proceeds of their investments in Brazil, and on the conversion of Brazilian
currency into foreign currencies. Such restrictions may hinder or prevent
the
custodian or holders who have exchanged American Depositary Shares for
underlying preferred shares or common shares from converting distributions
or
the proceeds from any sale of such shares, as the case may be, into U.S.
dollars
and remitting such U.S. dollars abroad.
129
TAXATION
The
following discussion summarizes the principal Brazilian and U.S. Federal
income
tax consequences of acquiring, holding and disposing of notes, preferred
shares
or preferred ADSs or AmBev’s common shares or common ADSs. This discussion is
not a comprehensive discussion of all the tax considerations that may be
relevant to a decision to purchase, hold or dispose notes, preferred shares
or
preferred ADSs or common shares or common ADSs and is not applicable to all
categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special rules. Each
prospective purchaser is urged to consult its own tax advisor about the
particular Brazilian and U.S. tax consequences to it of an investment in
the
preferred shares or preferred ADSs or common shares or common ADSs.
The
summary is based upon tax laws of Brazil and the U.S. and the regulations
thereunder, as in effect on the date hereof, which are subject to change
(possibly with retroactive effect). Although there is at present no income
tax
treaty between Brazil and the U.S., the tax authorities of the two countries
have had discussions that may culminate in a treaty. No assurance can be
given,
however, as to whether or when a treaty will enter into force or of how it
will
affect the U.S. Holders of any of the notes, preferred shares, preferred
ADSs,
common shares, or common ADSs. This summary is also based on representations
of
the depositary and on the assumption that each obligation in the Deposit
Agreement relating to the preferred ADSs and common ADSs, as applicable,
and the
related documents will be performed in accordance with its terms.
Brazilian
Tax Considerations
The
following discussion summarizes the principal Brazilian tax consequences
of the
acquisition, ownership and disposition of preferred and common shares of
AmBev
or preferred and common ADSs of AmBev by a holder that is not deemed to be
domiciled in Brazil for purposes of Brazilian taxation and, in the case of
a
holder of preferred or common shares, which has registered its investment
in
such securities with the Central Bank as a U.S. dollar investment (in each
case,
a Non-Brazilian Holder). The discussion does not purport to be a comprehensive
description of all tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision
to
purchase preferred or common shares or preferred or common ADSs. It is based
on
Brazilian law as currently in effect. Any change in such law may change the
consequences described below. The following discussion does not specifically
address all of the Brazilian tax considerations applicable to any particular
Non-Brazilian Holder, and each Non-Brazilian Holder should consult his or
her
own tax advisor concerning the Brazilian tax consequences of an investment
in
preferred or common shares or preferred or common ADSs of AmBev.
Taxation
of Dividends.
Dividends, including dividends in kind, paid by AmBev to The Bank of
New York in respect of the preferred or common shares underlying the
ADSs
or to a Non-Brazilian Holder in respect of preferred or common shares generally
will not be subject to Brazilian withholding tax. Dividends relating to profits
generated after January 1, 1996 are not subject to withholding tax
in
Brazil. We have no profits generated before January 1, 1996 to be
distributed.
Taxation
of Gains.
Gains
realized outside Brazil by a Non-Brazilian Holder on the disposition of assets
located in Brazil, including preferred or common shares, to a Brazilian resident
or to a non-resident of Brazil are subject to Brazilian tax, as of February
2004. In this case, gains would be subject to a 15% withholding tax rate,
except
if the Non-Brazilian Holder is located in a tax-haven jurisdiction, as defined
by Brazilian law, in which case the applicable rate would be 25%. A tax-haven
jurisdiction is defined as a jurisdiction which does not tax income or which
has
an income tax rate lower than 20%, and the Brazilian tax authorities regularly
issues a list of jurisdictions which are considered tax-haven
jurisdictions.1
_______________________
1
The countries currently included in this list, according to Normative
Instruction of the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service No. 188/02, are: American
Samoa, Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain,
Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Campione D’Italia, Cayman
Islands, Channel Islands (Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney and Sark), Cook Islands,
Costa Rica, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Hong Kong,
Isle of
Man, Lebanon, Lebuan, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg (only to holding
companies governed by Law dated 7/31/1929), Macau, Madeira Islands, Maldives,
Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Monaco, Montserrat, Nauru, Netherland
Antilles, Niue, Oman, Panama, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent
and The Grenadines, San Marino, Seychelles, Singapore, Tonga, Turks and
Caicos
Islands, United Arab Emirates, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu and Western
Samoa.
130
We
understand that ADSs are not assets located in Brazil for the purposes of
the
above-mentioned taxation. However, we are unable to predict how Brazilian
courts
would view this issue, and to date, there is no judicial or administrative
precedent on this specific matter. The withdrawal of preferred or common
ADSs in
exchange for preferred or common shares is not subject to Brazilian tax.
The
deposit of AmBev’s preferred or common shares in connection with the issuance of
preferred or common ADSs is not subject to Brazilian tax, provided that the
preferred or common shares are registered under the Foreign Investment
Regulations—Resolution No. 2,689—and the investor is not located in a
tax-haven jurisdiction. There is a special taxation system applicable to
Non-Brazilian Holders (provided investments are duly registered under the
Foreign Investment Regulations—Resolution No. 2,689—and with the CVM and
other conditions are fulfilled). Upon receipt of the underlying preferred
or
common shares, a Non-Brazilian Holder who qualifies under the Foreign Investment
Regulations will be entitled to register the U.S. dollar value of such shares
with the Central Bank as described below.
Any
exercise of preemptive rights relating to the preferred or common shares
or
preferred or common ADSs of AmBev will not be subject to Brazilian taxation.
Any
exercise of preemptive rights relating to the common shares or ADSs will
not be
subject to Brazilian taxation. Gains on the sale of preemptive rights relating
to the common shares will be treated differently for Brazilian tax purposes
depending on (i) whether the sale is made by The Bank of New York or the
investor and (ii) whether the transaction takes place on a Brazilian stock
exchange. Gains on sales made by the depositary on a Brazilian stock exchange
are not taxed in Brazil, but gains on other sales may be subject to tax at
rates
of up to 15%, if the ADSs were to be considered assets located in Brazil
by the
tax authorities.
The
United States and Brazil do not currently have any reciprocal tax treaty
regarding tax withholding provisions.
Distributions
of Interest Attributable to Shareholders’ Equity.
In
accordance with Law No. 9,249, dated December 26, 1995, Brazilian
corporations may make payments to shareholders characterized as distributions
of
interest on the company’s shareholders’ equity. Such interest is limited to the
TJLP as determined by the Central Bank from time to time, and cannot exceed
the
greater of:
·
50%
of net income (before taking such distribution and any deductions
for
income taxes into account) for the period in respect of which the
payment
is made; or
·
50%
of retained earnings.
Distributions
of interest on shareholders’ equity in respect of the preferred or common shares
paid to shareholders who are either Brazilian residents or non-Brazilian
residents, including holders of ADSs, are subject to Brazilian withholding
tax
at the rate of 15% (25% if the payee is domiciled in a tax-haven jurisdiction)
and shall be deductible by AmBev as long as the payment of a distribution
of
interest is approved in a general meeting of shareholders of AmBev. The
distribution of interest on shareholders’ equity may be determined by the Board
of
131
Directors
of AmBev. No assurance can be given that the Board of Directors of AmBev
will
not determine that future distributions of profits may be made by means of
interest on shareholders’ equity instead of by means of dividends.
The
amounts paid as distribution of interest on shareholders’ equity are deductible
for corporate income tax and social contribution on profit, both of which
are
taxes levied on AmBev’s profits.
Other
Relevant Brazilian Taxes
There
are
no Brazilian inheritance, gift or succession taxes applicable to the ownership,
transfer or disposition of preferred or common shares or preferred or common
ADSs by a Non-Brazilian Holder except for gift and inheritance taxes which
are
levied by some states of Brazil on gifts made or inheritances bestowed by
individuals or entities not resident or domiciled in Brazil or domiciled
within
the state to individuals or entities resident or domiciled within such state
in
Brazil. There is no Brazilian stamp, issue, registration or similar taxes
or
duties payable by holders of preferred or common shares or preferred or common
ADSs.
A
financial transaction tax, or the IOF tax, may be imposed on a variety of
transactions, including the conversion of Brazilian currency into foreign
currency (e.g., for purposes of paying dividends and interest). The IOF tax
rate
on such conversions is currently 0%, but the Minister of Finance has the
legal
power to increase the rate to a maximum of 25%. Any increase will be applicable
only prospectively.
If
the
ADSs were considered assets located in Brazil by the tax authorities, the
IOF
tax may also be levied on transactions involving bonds or securities, even
if
the transactions are effected on Brazilian stock, futures or commodities
exchanges. The rate of this tax with respect to common shares and ADSs and
preferred shares and ADRs is currently 0%. The Minister of Finance, however,
has
the legal power to increase the rate to a maximum of 1.5% of the amount of
the
taxed transaction per each day of the investor’s holding period, but only to the
extent there is a gain realized on the transaction and only on a
prospective basis.
CPMF.
Financial transfers are taxed by the CPMF (Temporary Contribution over Financial
Transactions), at a rate of 0.38%. Transactions conducted through the Brazilian
stock exchanges in current accounts specified for stock exchange transactions
are exempt from the CPMF tax. Further, as of August 2004, Brazilian holders
may
elect to make investments through a special investment account, which is
free
from CPMF. In this case, the tax only applies upon the transfer of funds
from
the banking account to the investment account. Once deposited in this account,
funds may be withdrawn without the CPMF. However, funds deposited in the
investment account must only be bound for investments.
Registered
Capital.
The
amount of an investment in preferred or common shares held by a Non-Brazilian
Holder who qualifies under the Foreign Investment Regulations and obtains
registration with the CVM, or by The Bank of New York, as the depositary
representing such holder, is eligible for registration with the Central Bank.
Such registration allows the remittance outside of Brazil of any proceeds
of
distributions on the shares, and amounts realized with respect to disposition
of
such shares. The amounts received in Brazilian currency are converted into
foreign currency through the use of the market rate. The registered capital
for
preferred shares purchased in the form of a preferred ADS or common shares
purchased in the form of a common ADS or purchased in Brazil, and deposited
with
The Bank of New York in exchange for a preferred or common ADS, will
be
equal to their purchase price (in U.S. dollars) to the purchaser. The registered
capital for preferred or common shares that are withdrawn upon surrender
of
preferred or common ADSs, as applicable, will be the U.S. dollar equivalent
of
the average price of the preferred or common shares, as applicable, on the
Brazilian stock exchange on which the greatest number of such preferred or
common shares, as applicable, was sold on the day of withdrawal. If no preferred
or common shares, as applicable, were sold on such day, the registered capital
will refer to the average price on the Brazilian stock exchange on which
the
greatest number of preferred or common shares, as applicable, was sold in
the 15
trading sessions immediately preceding such withdrawal. The U.S. dollar value
of
the preferred or common shares, as applicable, is determined on the basis
of the
average market rate quoted by the Central Bank on such date or, if
the
average price of preferred or common shares is determined under the last
preceding sentence, the average of such average quoted rates on the same
15
dates used to determine the average price of the preferred or common shares.
132
A
Non-Brazilian Holder of preferred or common shares may experience delays
in
effecting such action which may delay remittances abroad. Such a delay may
adversely affect the amount, in U.S. dollars, received by the Non-Brazilian
Holder.
Brazilian
Taxation on the Notes
This
summary is limited to noteholders that are non-residents in Brazil and is
based
on the tax regulations presently in force, thus not contemplating any possible
changes in Brazilian tax legislation in the future.
Interest
on the notes (including any additional amount) paid, credited, delivered,
used
or remitted to non-residents is subject to a 15% withholding income tax or
a
lower rate if so provided for in the applicable double taxation treaty signed
between Brazil and the country where the recipient of the note is domiciled.
The
rate is increased to 25% in case both of the following situations occur:
(i) the
beneficiary of the payment is domiciled in a tax haven jurisdiction, defined
by
Brazilian tax laws as a country that does not impose a tax on income or imposes
such a tax at 20% or less, and (ii) if any portion of principal under any
such
debt obligation is repaid in a way that the average life of the debt obligation
becomes less than 96 months from the disbursement date. In this case payments
made by the obligor to those beneficiaries in respect of interest and other
additional amounts will be retroactively subject to a withholding tax of
25%
plus an interest penalty for late payment, calculated from the disbursement
date
onwards.
Brazilian
tax law expressly authorizes that the payment of this withholding income
tax be
borne by the Brazilian paying entity so allowing the payment of the remuneration
free of any tax. Under the terms of the indentures related to the notes,
all
payments of or in respect of principal and interest on the notes shall be
made
free and clear of, and without withholding or deduction for or on account
of,
any present or future taxes, penalties, fines, duties, assessments or other
governmental charges of whatsoever nature.
In
our
view, the notes do not fall within the definition of assets located in Brazil
for purposes of assessing whether a taxable transaction took place
between two non-residents. However, we are unable to predict how Brazilian
courts would view this issue, and to date there is no judicial or administrative
precedent on this specific matter.
Material
United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
The
following summary describes the material U.S. Federal income tax consequences
of
holding notes, preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares or common
ADSs.
This summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
“Code”), its legislative history, existing final, temporary and proposed
Treasury Regulations, rulings and judicial decisions, all as currently in
effect
and all of which are subject to prospective and retroactive rulings and changes.
This
summary does not purport to address all U.S. Federal income tax consequences
that may be relevant to a particular holder and you are urged to consult
your
own tax advisor regarding your specific tax situation. The summary applies
only
to holders who hold notes, preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares
or
common ADSs as “capital assets” (generally, property held for investment) under
the Code, and, in the case of the notes, only holders who purchased their
notes
in the initial offering at the issue price. This summary does not address
the
tax consequences that may be relevant to holders in special tax situations
including, for example:
·
insurance
companies;
·
tax-exempt
organizations;
·
dealers
in securities or currencies;
·
traders
in securities that elect to use a mark to market method of accounting
for
their securities holdings;
·
banks,
mutual funds or other financial
institutions;
133
·
United
States holders whose functional currency for tax purposes is not
the
United States dollar;
·
United
States expatriates;
·
an
S corporation or small business investment
company;
·
real
estate investment trusts;
·
investors
in a pass-through entity;
·
holders
of notes, preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares or common
ADSs
as part of a hedge, straddle, conversion or other integrated transaction,
for tax purposes;
·
holders
who own, directly, indirectly, or constructively, 10% or more of
the total
combined voting power of our stock (including by way of owning
preferred
shares, preferred ADSs, common shares or common ADSs);
or
·
holders
who acquired their notes, preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common
shares
or common ADSs as compensation.
This
summary assumes that each of the notes represent indebtedness of U.S. $500
million and that we are not a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for
U.S. Federal income tax purposes. Please see the discussion under “—Taxation of
U.S. Holders—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules” below.
Further,
this summary does not address the alternative minimum tax consequences of
holding notes, preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares or common
ADSs or
the indirect consequences to holders of equity interests in entities that
own
our preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares or common ADSs. In addition,
this summary does not address the state, local, foreign or other tax
consequences, if any, of holding our notes, preferred shares, preferred ADSs,
common shares or common ADSs.
You
should consult your own tax advisor regarding the U.S. Federal, state, local
and
foreign and other tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of
notes,
preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares or common ADSs in your
particular circumstances.
Taxation
of U.S. Holders
For
purposes of this summary, you are a “U.S. Holder” if you are a beneficial owner
of a note, preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares or common ADSs
and
you are for U.S. Federal income tax purposes:
·
a
citizen or resident of the United
States;
·
a
corporation, or any other entity taxable as a corporation, created
or
organized in or under the laws of the United States or any state
thereof,
including the District of Columbia;
·
an
estate the income of which is subject to U.S. Federal income tax
regardless of its source;
·
a
trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary
supervision over its administration and one or more United States
persons
have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the
trust;
or
·
a
person otherwise subject to U.S. Federal income taxation on its
worldwide
income.
If
a
partnership holds notes, preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares
or
common ADSs, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the
status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. A partner
of a
partnership holding notes, preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares
or
common ADSs should consult its own tax advisor.
134
A
“Non-U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of a note, preferred shares, preferred
ADSs, common shares or common ADSs who or which is not a U.S. Holder.
For
U.S.
Federal income tax purposes, a U.S. Holder of an ADS will be treated as the
beneficial owner of the preferred shares or common shares represented by
the
applicable ADS.
Notes
Interest
and Additional Amounts
Interest
on the notes will generally be includible in a U.S. Holder’s gross income at the
time the interest is accrued or received, in accordance with the U.S. Holder’s
regular method (cash or accrual) of tax accounting. To the extent that amounts
are withheld, a U.S. Holder will be required to report income in an amount
greater than the cash actually received in connection with the relevant
payments.
Sale,
Exchange, Retirement or Other Disposition
Unless
a
nonrecognition provision applies, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize
capital
gain or loss upon the sale, exchange, retirement or other disposition of
a note
in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized upon such
sale,
exchange, retirement or other disposition (less any accrued interest not
yet
taken into income which will be taxable as ordinary interest income) and
the
U.S. Holder’s tax basis in such note. Any such capital gain or loss will be
long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder has held the note for more
than one year at the time of sale, exchange, retirement or other disposition.
A
U.S. Holder’s ability to offset capital losses against ordinary income is
limited.
Foreign
Tax Credit
Interest
on the notes will be treated as foreign source income for U.S. Federal income
tax purposes, which may be relevant to a U.S. Holder in calculating such
U.S.
Holder’s foreign tax credit limitation. A U.S. Holder may be eligible, subject
to a number of complex limitations, to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction
against such U.S. Holder’s U.S. Federal tax income liability for taxes withheld
on payments from the notes. The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for
credit
is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For
this
purpose, interest on the notes (including any additional amounts) will be
treated as “passive income”. We urge all holders to consult their tax advisors
regarding the availability of the U.S. foreign tax credit under their particular
circumstances.
Any
gain
or loss realized on the sale, exchange, retirement or other disposition of
a
note generally will be treated as U.S. source for purposes of computing the
U.S.
foreign tax credit limitation.
Preferred
Shares, Preferred ADSs, Common Shares, Common ADSs
Distributions
on preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares or common ADSs.
Subject
to the discussion below concerning PFICs, the gross amount of distributions
paid
by us to a U.S. Holder (including amounts withheld to pay Brazilian withholding
taxes) with respect to preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares or
common
ADSs (including distributions of interest on shareholders’ equity) generally
will be taxable to such U.S. Holder as ordinary dividend income or qualified
dividend income (as further described below) to the extent that such
distribution is paid, actually or constructively, out of our current or
accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. Federal income tax
purposes). Distributions in excess of our current or accumulated earnings
and
profits will be treated first as a non-taxable return of capital reducing
(on a
dollar-for-dollar basis) such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the preferred shares,
preferred ADSs, common shares or common ADSs, as applicable. Any distribution
in
excess of such tax basis will be treated as capital gain and will be either
long-term or short-term capital gain depending upon whether the U.S. Holder
held
the preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares or common ADSs, as
applicable, for more than one year.
Dividends
received by a U.S. Holder will generally be taxed at ordinary income tax
rates.
However, pursuant to the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of
2003,
in the case of dividends that constitute
135
qualified
dividend income and are received by an individual U.S. Holder during the
tax
years beginning after 2002 and before 2009, such dividends will be taxed
at the
same rate that is applicable to long-term capital gains. For this purpose,
qualified dividend income includes any dividends paid with respect to stock
in a
foreign corporation if such stock is “readily tradable on an established
securities market in the United States”. Based upon United States Internal
Revenue Service Notice 2003-71, the preferred ADSs and common ADSs will,
but the
preferred shares and common shares will not, be treated as readily tradable
on
an established securities market in the United States.
A
U.S.
Holder generally will be entitled, subject to a number of complex rules and
limitations, to claim a United States foreign tax credit in respect of any
Brazilian withholding taxes imposed on distributions received on preferred
shares, preferred ADSs, common shares or common ADSs. U.S. Holders who do
not
elect to claim a foreign tax credit may instead claim a deduction in respect
of
such withholdings. Dividends received with respect to the preferred shares,
preferred ADSs, common shares or common ADSs will be treated as foreign source
income and generally will constitute “passive income” for U.S. foreign tax
credit limitation purposes. We urge all holders to consult their tax advisors
regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular
circumstances.
Dividends
paid by us generally will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction
generally available to certain U.S. corporate shareholders.
The
amount of any cash distribution paid in Brazilian currency will equal the
U.S.
dollar value of the distribution, calculated by reference to the exchange
rate
in effect at the time the distribution is received by the depositary (in
the
case of ADSs) or by the U.S. Holder (in the case of preferred shares or common
shares held directly by such U.S. Holder), regardless of whether the payment
is
in fact converted to U.S. dollars at that time. A U.S. Holder should not
recognize any foreign currency gain or loss if such Brazilian currency is
converted into U.S. dollars on the date received. If the Brazilian currency
is
not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, however, gain or
loss
may be recognized upon a subsequent sale or other disposition of the Brazilian
currency. Such foreign currency gain or loss, if any, generally will be U.S.
source ordinary income or loss.
Section
305 of the Code provides special rules for the tax treatment of preferred
stock.
According to the Treasury Regulations under that section, the term preferred
stock generally refers to stock which enjoys certain limited rights and
privileges (generally associated with specified dividend and liquidation
priorities) but does not participate in corporate growth to any significant
extent. While our preferred shares have some preferences over our common
shares,
the preferred shares are not fixed as to dividend payments or liquidation
value;
thus, although the matter is not entirely clear, we believe and have taken
and
intend to continue to take the position, that the preferred shares should
be
treated as “common stock” within the meaning of Section 305 of the Code. If the
preferred shares are treated as “common stock” for purposes of Section 305 of
the Code, distributions to U.S. Holders of additional shares of such “common
stock” or preemptive rights relating to such “common stock” with respect to
their preferred shares or preferred ADSs that are made as part of a pro rata
distribution to all shareholders in most instances will not be subject to
U.S.
Federal income tax. On the other hand, if the preferred shares are treated
as
“preferred stock” within the meaning of Section 305 of the Code, and if the
U.S. Holder receives a distribution of additional shares or preemptive rights
as
described in the preceding sentence, such distributions (including amounts
withheld in respect of any Brazilian taxes) will be treated as dividends
that
can be included in the U.S. Holders’ gross income to the same extent and in the
same manner as distributions payable in cash. In that event, the amount of
such
distribution (and the basis of the new shares or preemptive rights so received)
will equal the fair market value of the shares or preemptive rights on the
date
of distribution.
Sale,
exchange or other disposition of preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common
shares
or common ADSs.
A
U.S.
Holder will generally recognize capital gain or loss upon the sale, exchange
or
other disposition of preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares or common
ADSs, as applicable, measured by the difference between the U.S. dollar value
of
the amount received and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis (determined in U.S. dollars)
in the preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares or common ADSs, as
applicable. If a Brazilian tax is withheld on the sale or disposition of
a
share, the amount realized by a U.S. Holder will include the gross amount
of the
proceeds of that sale or disposition before deduction of the Brazilian tax.
Any
gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the preferred shares,
preferred ADSs, common shares or common ADSs have been held for more than
one
year. Your ability to deduct capital losses is subject to limitations. Capital
gain or loss, if any, realized by a U.S. Holder on the sale, exchange or
other
disposition of a common share, common ADS, preferred share or
preferred
136
ADS,
as applicable, generally will be treated as United States source income or
loss
for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. Consequently, in the case of a disposition
of a common share or preferred share that is subject to Brazilian tax imposed
on
the gain (or, in the case of a deposit, in exchange for a common ADS or
preferred ADS of a common share or preferred share, as the case may be, that
is
not registered pursuant to Resolution No. 2,689/00, on which a Brazilian
capital
gains tax is imposed (see “—Brazilian Tax Considerations—Taxation of Gains”)),
the U.S. Holder may not be able to benefit from the foreign tax credit for
that
Brazilian tax unless it can apply (subject to applicable limitations) the
credit
against U.S. tax payable on other income from foreign sources in the appropriate
income category, or, alternatively, it may take a deduction for the Brazilian
tax if such U.S. Holder elects to deduct all of its foreign income taxes.
Passive
Foreign Investment Company (“PFIC”)
rules.
Based
upon the nature of its current and projected income, assets and activities,
we
do not believe that we are, and we do not expect the preferred shares, preferred
ADSs, common shares or common ADSs to be considered shares of, a PFIC for
U.S.
Federal income tax purposes. In general, a foreign corporation is a PFIC
if, for
any taxable year in which the U.S. Holder holds stock in the foreign
corporation, at least 75% of such corporation’s gross income is passive income
or at least 50% of the value of such corporation’s assets (determined on the
basis of a quarterly average) produce passive income or are held for the
production of passive income. The determination of whether the preferred
shares,
preferred ADSs, common shares or common ADSs constitute shares of a PFIC
is a
factual determination made annually and thus may be subject to change. Subject
to certain exceptions, once a U.S. Holder’s preferred shares or common shares,
as applicable, are treated as shares in a PFIC, they remain shares in a PFIC.
In
addition, dividends received by a U.S. Holder from a PFIC will not constitute
qualified dividend income.
If
we are
treated as a PFIC, contrary to the discussion above, a U.S. Holder would
be
subject to special rules with respect to (a) any gain realized on the sale
or
other disposition of common shares, common ADSs, preferred shares or preferred
ADSs and (b) any “excess distribution” by us to the U.S. Holder (generally, any
distribution during a taxable year in which distributions to the U.S. Holder
on
the common shares, common ADSs, preferred shares or preferred ADSs exceed
125%
of the average annual taxable distribution the U.S. Holder received on the
common shares, common ADSs, preferred shares or preferred ADSs during the
preceding three taxable years or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period
for the common shares, common ADSs, preferred shares or preferred ADSs).
Under
those rules (a) the gain or excess distribution would be allocated ratably
over
the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common shares, common ADSs, preferred
shares or preferred ADSs, (b) the amount allocated to the taxable year in
which
the gain or excess distribution is realized and to taxable years before the
first day we became a PFIC would be taxable as ordinary income, (c) the amount
allocated to each prior year (with certain exceptions) would be subject to
tax
at the highest tax rate in effect for that year, and the interest charge
generally applicable to underpayments of tax would be imposed in respect
of the
tax attributable to each such year.
A
U.S.
Holder who owns common shares, common ADSs, preferred shares or preferred
ADSs
during any year we are a PFIC must file Internal Revenue Service Form 8621.
In
general, if we are treated as a PFIC, the rules described in the second
paragraph of this section can be avoided by a U.S. Holder that elects to
be
subject to a mark-to-market regime for stock in a PFIC. A U.S. Holder may
elect
mark-to-market treatment for its common shares, common ADSs, preferred shares
or
preferred ADSs, provided the common shares, common ADSs, preferred shares
or
preferred ADSs, for purposes of the rules, constitute “marketable stock” as
defined in Treasury Regulations. A U.S. Holder electing the mark-to-market
regime generally would treat any gain recognized under mark-to-market treatment
or on an actual sale as ordinary income and would be allowed an ordinary
deduction for any decrease in the value of common shares, common ADSs, preferred
shares or preferred ADSs in any taxable year and for any loss recognized
on an
actual sale, but only to the extent, in each case, of previously included
market-to-market income not offset by previously deducted decreases in value.
A
U.S. Holder’s basis in common shares, common ADSs, preferred shares or preferred
ADSs would increase or decrease by gain or loss taken into account under
the
mark-to-market regime. A market-to-market election is generally irrevocable.
Another election to treat the Company as a qualified electing fund would
not be
available because we do not currently plan to provide holders with information
sufficient to permit any holder to make such election.
Deposits,
Withdrawals and Pre-release
Deposits
or withdrawals of preferred shares or common shares in exchange for preferred
ADSs or common ADSs, as applicable, will not result in the realization of
any
gain or loss for U.S. Federal income tax purposes. The
137
U.S.
Treasury Department, however, has expressed concerns that parties involved
in
transactions where depositary shares are pre-released may be taking actions
that
are not consistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits by the holders
of
the applicable ADSs. Accordingly, the analysis of the credibility of Brazilian
taxes described above could be affected by future actions that may be taken
by
the U.S. Treasury Department.
Taxation
of Non-U.S. Holders
Notes
A
Non-U.S. Holder will not be subject to U.S. Federal income tax with respect
to
any interest derived in respect of the notes, unless (and, if so, such Non-U.S.
Holder will be subject to U.S. Federal income tax as if such Non-U.S. Holder
were a U.S. Holder, as described above), such interest income is effectively
connected with a trade or business that such Non-U.S. Holder conducts in
the
United States and, if required by an income tax treaty, such interest is
attributable to a permanent establishment or, in the case of an individual
Non-U.S. Holder, a fixed base such Non-U.S. Holder maintains in the United
States.
A
Non-U.S. Holder will not be subject to U.S. Federal income tax with respect
to
any gain recognized in connection with the sale, exchange, retirement or
other
disposition of notes, unless (i) the gain is effectively connected with a
trade
or business that such Non-U.S. Holder conducts in the United States and,
if
required by an income tax treaty, such interest is attributable to a permanent
establishment or, in the case of an individual Non-U.S. Holder, a fixed base
such Non-U.S. Holder maintains in the United States or (ii) in the case of
an
individual Non-U.S. Holder, such Non-U.S. Holder is present in the United
States
for at least 183 days in the taxable year of such sale, exchange, retirement
or
other disposition and certain other conditions are met. If the first exception
applies, the Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to U.S. Federal income tax as
if
such Non-U.S. Holder were a U.S. Holder, as described above. On the other
hand,
if the second exception applies, then, generally speaking, such Non-U.S.
Holder
will be subject to U.S. Federal income tax at a rate of 30% on the amount
by
which such Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S.-source capital gains exceed such Non-U.S.
Holder’s U.S.-source capital losses.
In
addition, effectively connected interest or gains realized by a Non-U.S.
Holder
that is a corporation for U.S. Federal income tax purposes may also, under
certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a
rate of 30% (or such lower rates as may be specified by an applicable income
tax
treaty).
Preferred
Shares, Preferred ADSs, Common Shares or Common ADSs.
Non-U.S.
Holders generally will not be subject to U.S. Federal income or withholding
tax
on dividends received from us with respect to preferred shares, preferred
ADSs,
common shares or common ADSs, unless such income is considered effectively
connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a United States trade or
business (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the income
is
attributable to a permanent establishment or, in the case of an individual
Non-U.S. Holder, a fixed base maintained in the United States).
Non-U.S.
Holders generally will not be subject to U.S. Federal income tax on any gain
realized upon the sale, exchange or other disposition of preferred shares,
preferred ADSs, common shares or common ADSs unless (i) the gain is effectively
connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a United States trade or
business and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the income
is
attributable to a permanent establishment or, in the case of an individual
Non-U.S. Holder, a fixed base maintained in the United States or (ii) such
Non-U.S. Holder is an individual who is present in the United States for
183
days or more during the taxable year of such sale, exchange or other disposition
and certain other conditions are met. If
the
first exception applies, the Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to U.S. Federal
income tax as if such Non-U.S. Holder were a U.S. Holder, as described above.
On
the other hand, if the second exception applies, then, generally speaking,
Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to U.S. Federal income tax at a rate of 30%
on
the amount by which such Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S.-source capital gains exceed such
Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S.-source capital losses.
In
addition, any effectively connected dividends or gains realized by a Non-U.S.
Holder that is a corporation for U.S. Federal income tax purposes may also,
under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional branch profits tax
at a
rate of 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income
tax
treaty).
138
Backup
Withholding and Information Reporting
In
general, payments of principal and interest on the notes, dividends paid
on, or
proceeds from the sale, exchange, retirement or other dispositions of the
notes,
dividends on preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares or common ADSs
and
payments of the proceeds of a sale, exchange, retirement or other disposition
of
notes, preferred shares, preferred ADSs, common shares or common ADSs, may
be
subject to information reporting to the United States Internal Revenue Service
(“IRS”) and, possibly, United States backup withholding. Backup withholding will
not apply, however, to a holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification
number or certificate of foreign status and makes any other required
certification on IRS Form W-9. Non-U.S. Holders generally will not be subject
to
United States information reporting or backup withholding . However, Non-U.S.
Holders may be required to provide certification of non-U.S. status in
connection with payments received in the United States or through certain
U.S
related financial intermediaries. Amounts withheld as backup withholding
may be
credited against a holder’s U.S. Federal income tax liability, and a holder may
obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding
rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS and furnishing
any
required information.
THE
PRECEDING DISCUSSION OF THE MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
IS FOR
GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY AND IS NOT TAX ADVICE. ACCORDINGLY, EACH INVESTOR
SHOULD CONSULT HIS, HER OR ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR AS TO THE PARTICULAR TAX
CONSEQUENCES OF PURCHASING, HOLDING AND DISPOSING OF NOTES, PREFERRED SHARES,
PREFERRED ADSs, COMMON SHARES OR COMMON ADSs, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY
AND
EFFECT OF ANY STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN OR OTHER TAX LAWS AND OF ANY PROPOSED
CHANGES IN APPLICABLE LAW.
139
WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
AmBev
is
subject to the informational reporting requirements of the United States
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and files with the
SEC:
·
annual
reports;
·
certain
other reports that we make public under Brazilian law, file with
the
Brazilian stock exchanges or distribute to shareholders;
and
·
other
information.
You
may
read and copy any reports or other information that AmBev files at the SEC’s
public reference rooms at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549,
and at
the SEC’s regional offices located at the Woolworth Building, 233 Broadway,
New York, New York10279 and Citicorp Center, 500 West
Madison
Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois60661. Please call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. Electronic
filings made through the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval
System are also publicly available through the Securities and Exchange
Commission’s web site on the Internet at www.sec.gov.
In
addition, material filed by AmBev may also be inspected at the offices of
the
New York Stock Exchange at 20 Broad Street, New York,
New York10005.
As
a
foreign private issuer, AmBev is exempt from the rules under the Exchange
Act
prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements and will not be
required to file proxy statements with the SEC, and its officers, directors
and
principal shareholders will be exempt from the reporting and “short swing”
profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
You
may
obtain documents from AmBev by requesting them in writing, at the following
addresses or by telephone:
You
may
obtain additional information about AmBev on its web site at www.ambev-ir.com.
The
information contained therein is not part of this annual report.
140
Quantitative
and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
QUANTITATIVE
AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We
are
exposed to various market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange
rates and interest rates and changes in the prices of certain commodities,
including malt, aluminum and sugar. Market risk is the potential loss arising
from adverse changes in market rate and prices. We enter into derivatives
and
other financial instruments, in order to manage and reduce the impact of
fluctuations in commodity prices, in foreign currency exchange rates and
in
interest rates. We have established policies and procedures for risk assessment
and the approval, reporting and monitoring of derivative financial activities.
Decisions regarding hedging are made according to our risk management policy,
taking into consideration the amount and duration of the exposure, market
volatility and economic trends.
These
instruments are accounted for based on their characteristics. See note 2(v)
to
our audited consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the accounting
policies and information on derivative financial instruments.
We
have a
policy of entering into contracts only with parties that have high credit
ratings. The counterparties to these contracts are major financial institutions,
and we do not have significant exposure to any single counterparty. We do
not
anticipate a credit loss from counterparty non-performance. Our short-term
investments consist mainly of fixed-term obligations and government
securities.
Commodity
Risk
We
use a
large volume of agricultural materials to produce our products, including
malt
and hops for our beer and sugar, guaraná, other fruits and sweeteners for our
soft drinks. See “Information on the Company—AmBev Business Overview—Production
and Availability of Raw Materials”. We purchase a significant portion of our
malt and all of our hops outside of Brazil. We purchase the remainder of
our
malt and our sugar, guaraná and other fruits and sweeteners locally. AmBev also
purchases substantial quantities of aluminum cans.
We
produce approximately 70% of our malt. The remainder and all other commodities
are purchased from third parties. We believe that adequate supplies of the
commodities we use are available at the present time, but we cannot predict
the
future availability of these commodities or the prices we will have to pay
for
such commodities. The commodity markets have experienced and will continue
to
experience price fluctuations. We believe that the future price and supply
of
agricultural materials will be determined by, among other factors, the level
of
crop production, weather conditions, export demand, and government regulations
and legislation affecting agriculture, and that the price of aluminum and
sugar
will be largely influenced by international market prices. See “
—Information on the Company—AmBev Business Overview—Production and Availability
of Raw Materials”.
All
of
the hops we purchase in the international markets outside of South America
are
paid for in U.S. dollars. In addition, although we purchase aluminum cans
and
sugar in Brazil, the price is directly influenced by the fluctuation of
international commodity prices.
As
of
December 31, 2004, our derivative activities consisted of sugar, wheat and
aluminum futures. The table below provides information about our significant
commodity risk sensitive instruments as of December 31, 2004. The contract
terms
of these instruments have been categorized by expected maturity
dates.
141
Principal
Maturity Periods(1)
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Thereafter
Total
Fair
Value
(R$
million, except price per ton)
Derivatives
Instruments
Sugar
Futures (LIFFE)
Notional
Amount (ton)
10,550
10,550
0.11
Average
Price (R$/ton)
670
Sugar
Futures (NYBOT)
Notional
Amount (ton)
84,496
13,564
99,060
4.22
Average
Price (R$/ton)
418
437
Wheat
Futures (CBOT)
Notional
Amount (ton)
15,232
15,
232
(0.34)
Average
Price (R$/ton)
359
Aluminum
Futures (LME)
Notional
Amount (ton)
2,875
2,875
0.2
Average
Price (R$/ton)
4,480
Total
4.2
__________________
(1)
Negative notional amounts represent an excess of liabilities over assets at
any
given moment.
(2)
For cash and debt instruments, total represents the carrying value of those
instruments within the balance sheet and is therefore directly comparable
with
the fair value of the instrument, included within the fair value column.
For
derivative instruments, total represents the total value of derivative
instrument contracts (notional value) within the forward, future and swap
portfolio, and not a balance sheet value. The unrealized gain or loss on
the
instrument at the balance sheet date is included within the financial statements
at fair value and is therefore represented under the fair value
column.
Foreign
Exchange Risk
We
are
exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rate movements because a significant
portion of our Brazilian operations’ debt is denominated in or indexed to
foreign currencies, particularly the U.S. dollar. In addition, a significant
portion of our operating expenses, in particular those related to hops,
malt and
aluminum, are also denominated in or linked to the U.S. dollar. We enter
into
derivative financial instruments to manage and reduce the impact of changes
in
foreign currency exchange rates in respect of our U.S. dollar-denominated
debt.
From January 1, 2000 until December 31, 2004, the Brazilian real
depreciated by 32.1% against the U.S. dollar, and, as of December 31, 2004,
the
commercial market rate for purchasing U.S. dollars was R$2.65 per U.S.$1.00.
The
U.S. dollar depreciated against the Brazilian real
by 8.1%
during 2004.
Our
foreign currency exposure gives rise to market risks associated with exchange
rate movements, mainly against the U.S. dollar. Foreign currency-denominated
liabilities at December 31, 2004 included debt of R$4,693.3
million.
142
Interest
Rate Risk
We
use
interest rate swap agreements to manage interest risks associated with
changing
rates. The differential to be paid or received is accrued as interest rates
change and is recognized in interest income or expense, respectively, over
the
life of the particular contracts. We are exposed to interest rate volatility
with respect to our cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and
fixed
and floating rate debt. Our U.S. dollar-denominated cash equivalents generally
bear interest at a floating rate.
We
are
exposed to interest rate volatility with regard to existing issuances of
fixed
rate debt, existing issuances of variable rate debt, currency future and
forward
swaps agreements, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments.
We
manage our debt portfolio in response to changes in interest rates and
foreign
currency rates by periodically retiring, redeeming and repurchasing debt
and
using derivative financial instruments.
The
table
below provides information about our significant interest rate sensitive
instruments. For variable interest rate debt, the rate presented is the
weighted
average rate calculated as of December 31, 2004. The contract terms of
these
instruments have been categorized by expected maturity dates.
Most
of
the floating rate debt accrues interest at TJLP (Taxa
de Juros de Longo Prazo)
plus a
spread. The TJLP is a long-term nominal interest rate fixed by the Brazilian
government on a quarterly basis. During the period set forth below the
TJLP
was:
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
1st
Quarter
9.75
10.00
11.00
10.00
9.25
2nd
Quarter
9.75
9.75
12.00
9.50
9.25
3rd
Quarter
-
9.75
12.00
10.00
9.50
4th
Quarter
-
9.75
11.00
10.00
10.00
We
have
not experienced, and do not expect to experience, difficulties in obtaining
financing or refinancing existing debt.
Current
Exposure
As
of
December 31, 2004, derivative activities consisted of foreign currency forward
contracts, foreign currency swaps and future contracts. The table below provides
information about our significant foreign exchange rate risk sensitive
instruments as of December 31, 2004. The contract terms of these instruments
have been categorized by expected maturity dates.
Principal
Maturity Periods(1)
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Thereafter
Total(2)
Fair
Value(2)
(R$
in millions, except percentages)
Derivatives
Instruments
BM&F
DDI Dollar Future
Notional
Amount
(232.7)
270.3
136.4
104.8
54.7
375.9
709.4
(1.7)
Average
Interest Rate
0.39%
3.25%
3.94%
4.78%
5.22%
6.23%
U.S.$
x R$ Cross Currency
Interest
Rate Swap
Notional
Amount
1,794.6
1,105.6
320.0
3,220.3
(285.2)
Average
Interest Rate
2.33%
11.32%
9.82%
C$
x U.S.$ Pre Fixed Rate x
Canadian
Bankers Acceptance
Notional
Amount
551.3
225.4
166.5
943.2
(17.4)
Average
Interest Rate
2.94%
5.37%
5.28%
C$
x U.S.$ Cross Currency
Interest
Rate Swap
Notional
Amount
299.0
299.0
(58.8)
Average
Interest Rate
6.65%
NDF
Argentine Peso x U.S.$
Notional
Amount
132.9
132.9
(0.2)
Average
Interest Rate
3.046%
Interest
Rate Swap LIBOR
3
Months x Fixed
Notional
Amount
55.7
55.7
(0.1)
Average
Interest Rate
4.71%
Total
78.2
___________________
(1)
Negative notional amounts represent an excess of liabilities over assets at
any
given moment.
(2)
For cash and debt instruments, total represents the carrying value of those
instruments within the balance sheet and is therefore directly comparable
with
the fair value of the instrument, included within the fair value column.
For
derivative instruments, total represents the total value of derivative
instrument contracts (notional value) within the forward, future and swap
portfolio, and not a balance sheet value. The unrealized gain or loss on
the
instrument at the balance sheet date is included within our financial statements
at fair value and is therefore represented under the fair value
column.
143
Description
of Securities Other Than Equity Securities
Not
applicable.
PART
II
Defaults,
Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
Not
applicable.
Material
Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of
Proceeds
Not
applicable.
Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
The
Company has carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the
participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive
Officers and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design
and
operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. There are
inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls
and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention
or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective
disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance
of
achieving their control objectives.
Based
upon and as of the date of the Company’s evaluation, the Chief Executive
Officers and Chief Financial Officer of the Company concluded that the
disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance
that information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files
and
submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported
as and when required.
There
has
been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during
the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2004, that has materially affected
or is reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over
financial reporting.
Audit
Committee Financial Expert
We
have
relied on the exemption provided for under Rule 10A-3(c) of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which enables us to have the Conselho
Fiscal
perform
the duties of an audit committee for the purposes of such Act, to the extent
permitted by Brazilian law. In accordance with the charter of our Conselho
Fiscal,
at
least one of its members has to fulfill the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002 for the purposes of qualifying as an audit committee financial
expert. Accordingly, our Conselho
Fiscal is
comprised of one financial expert, namely Mr. Álvaro de Sousa.
Code
of Business Conduct
We
have
adopted a code of business conduct (as defined under the rules and regulations
of the SEC) that applies to our principal executive officers, principal
financial officer and principal accounting officer, among others. The code
became effective in 2003; was amended in May 2, 2005, and
is attached to this annual report as an Exhibit. If the provisions of the
code
that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer
or
principal accounting officer are amended, or if a waiver therefrom is granted,
we will disclose such amendment or waiver.
144
Principal
Accountant Fees and Services
Deloitte
Touche Tohmatsu Auditores Independentes, acted as our independent auditor for
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004. PricewaterhouseCoopers acted as our
independent auditor for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003. The
chart
below sets forth the total amount billed to us by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
Auditores Independentes and by PricewaterhouseCoopers for services performed
in
the years 2004 and 2003 and breaks down these amounts by category of
service:
2004(2)
2003(1)
R$
R$
Audit
Fees
2,241,376
1,398,395
Audit-related
Fees
240,000
875,864
Tax
Fees
-
419,048
All
Other Fees
260,445
544,974
Total
2,741,821
3,238,281
____________________
(1)Amounts
billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers
(2)Amounts
billed by Deloitte Touche & Tohmatsu
Audit
Fees
Audit
fees are fees billed for the audit of our annual financial statements and for
the reviews of our quarterly financial statements in connection with statutory
and regulatory filings or engagements.
Audit-Related
Fees
Audit-related
fees in 2004 and 2003 consist of fees billed for assurance and related services
that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the
Company’s financial statements or that are traditionally performed by the
external auditor, and include consultations concerning financial and tax
accounting, and reporting standards, and internal control reviews (including
those related to AmBev’s preparation for the assessment required under
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act). In 2003 only, those fees relate
to
review of security controls and operational effectiveness of systems, and
employee benefit plan audits.
Tax
Fees
Tax
fees
in 2003 were related to services for tax compliance, tax planning and
tax
advice.
All
other Fees
All
other
services in 2004 and 2003 include due diligence, other risk management advice
and analysis, or
review
of business plans or planning processes (but not design or
implementation).
Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm
The
audited financial statements herein have been audited by Deloitte
Touche Tohmatsu Auditores Independentes, São Paulo, Brazil, independent
registered public accounting firm. Pursuant
to the audit firm rotation rules introduced by Article 31 of CVM Instruction
No.
308/99, we were required to replace our prior auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers
Auditores Independentes, for purposes of auditing the financial statements
to be
filed with the CVM for the year ending December 31, 2004. Deloitte Touche
Tohmatsu Auditores Independentes, performed for the first time the audit of
the
financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2004. The offices of
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Auditores Independentes are located at Rua José Guerra,
127, 04719-030 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. They are members of the Conselho
Regional de Contabilidade
(Regional Board of Accountants of São Paulo) and their registration number is
CRC.2.SP.011609/O-8.
145
Pre-Approval
Policies and Procedures
Considering
that the Conselho
Fiscal shall
be
performing the duties of an audit committee for the purposes of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we are revising the existing policy for the
pre-approval of all audit, audit-related, tax and other services provided
by our
independent auditors. We anticipate that the Conselho
Fiscal shall
be
responsible for reviewing any proposed engagements of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
Auditores Independentes and issuing a recommendation to our Board of Directors,
which will be responsible for the pre-approval of any such services. During
2004, the audit committee was permitted to establish pre-approval procedures
for
certain fees for audit-related services, tax services and other services
pursuant to a de
minimis exception
before the completion of the engagement. In 2004, none of the fees paid
to
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Auditores Independentes were approved pursuant
to the
de
minimis exception.
Exemptions
from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
NYSE
corporate governance standards require that a listed company have an audit
committee composed of three independent members that satisfy the independence
requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, with a written charter
that
addresses certain duties.
The
Brazilian Corporate Law requires us to have a non-permanent Conselho
Fiscal.
The
Conselho
Fiscal
operates
independently from our management and from our registered independent public
accounting firm. Its principal function is to examine the financial statements
of each fiscal year and provide a formal report to our shareholders. We
maintain
a permanent Conselho
Fiscal.
We are
relying on the exemption provided for in Rule 10A-3 (c)(3) and believe
that
our reliance on this exemption will not materially affect the ability of
the
Conselho
Fiscal
to act
independently and to satisfy the other requirements of Rule 10A 3. In accordance
with the charter of our Conselho
Fiscal,
at
least one of its members has to fulfill the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002 for the purposes of qualifying as an audit committee financial
expert. Accordingly, our Conselho
Fiscal is
comprised of one financial expert, namely Mr. Álvaro de Sousa.
Purchases
of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated
Purchasers
See
"Major Shareholder-Share Buy Back Programs".
Financial
Statements
See
F-1
to F-99.
146
Exhibits
1.1
By-laws
of Companhia de Bebidas das Américas - AmBev (English-language
translation).
Insurance
Policy for Expropriation and Currency Inconvertibility dated December19,2001 between Steadfast Insurance Company and The Bank of New York
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Form F 4 filed by AmBev
on
August 29, 2002).
2.5
Agreement
Regarding the Insurance Policy for Expropriation and Currency
Inconvertibility dated December 19, 2001 among Steadfast Insurance
Company, The Bank of New York, AmBev and CBB (incorporated by reference
to
Exhibit 4.6 to Form F 4 filed by AmBev on August 29,2002).
Insurance
Policy for Expropriation and Currency Inconvertibility dated December19,2001 between Steadfast Insurance Company and The Bank of New York
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to Form 20-F filed by AmBev
on
June 30, 2004).
2.10
Agreement
Regarding the Insurance Policy for Expropriation and Currency
Inconvertibility by the Trustee, AmBev, CBB and the Insurer, dated
September 18, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.5 to Form
20-F
filed by AmBev on June 30, 2004).
2.11
Application
for Political Risk Insurance for Capital Markets Transactions, executed
by
the Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.6 to Form 20-F
filed
by AmBev on June 30, 2004).
3.1
Amendment
to the Shareholders’ Agreement of Companhia de Bebidas das Américas -
AmBev dated as of March 2, 2004 among FAHZ, Braco, ECAP, AmBev, Jorge
Paulo Lemann, Marcel Herrmann Telles, and Carlos Alberto da Veiga
Sicupira
(English-language translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
2.16
to Amendment No. 9 to Schedule 13D relating to Quinsa, filed by AmBev
on
March 9, 2004).
Shareholders’
Voting Rights Agreement of S-Braco Participações S.A. dated as of August30, 2002 among Santa Judith, Santa Irene, Santa Estela and Santa
Prudência
Participações S.A., with Jorge Paulo Lemann, Carlos Alberto da Veiga
Sicupira and Marcel Herrmann Telles as intervening parties, and S-Braco,
Braco, ECAP and AmBev as acknowledging parties (English-language
translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit C to Amendment
No. 2 to
Schedule 13D relating to AmBev, filed by FAHZ, Braco and ECAP on
November 29, 2002).
147
3.4
AmBev
Share Transfer Agreement dated as of January 31, 2003, among BAC,
Braco,
ECAP, FAHZ and AmBev (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.7
to
Amendment No. 1 to Schedule 13D relating to Quinsa, filed by AmBev
on
February 4, 2003).
3.5
AmBev
Governance Agreement dated as of January 31, 2003, among BAC, Braco,
ECAP,
FAHZ and AmBev (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 2.8 to Amendment No. 1 to Schedule 13D
relating to
Quinsa, filed by AmBev on February 4, 2003).
4.1
Purchase
Agreement dated as of September 11, 2003, among Companhia de Bebidas
das
Américas - AmBev and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 1.1 to Form 20-F filed by AmBev on June 30,2004).
Amendment
No. 1 to Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of January 31, 2003,
between
BAC and AmBev (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to Amendment No. 1 to Schedule 13D
relating to
Quinsa, filed by AmBev on February 4, 2003).
4.7
Letter
Agreement dated January 13, 2003, between AmBev, BAC and Quinsa
(incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to Amendment No. 1 to Schedule 13D
relating to
Quinsa, filed by AmBev on February 4, 2003).
4.8
Quinsa
Shareholders’
Agreement
dated as of January 31, 2003, among Quinsa, AmBev and BAC (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 2.5 to Amendment No. 1 to Schedule 13D
relating to
Quinsa, filed by AmBev on February 4, 2003).
Share
Pledge Agreement dated as of January 31, 2003, among BAC, AmBev
and Quinsa
(incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 2.9 to Amendment No. 1 to Schedule 13D
relating to
Quinsa, filed by AmBev on February 4, 2003).
4.11
Escrow
Agreement dated as of January 31, 2003, among BAC, AmBev and The
Bank of
New York (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 2.10 to Amendment No. 1 to Schedule 13D
relating
to Quinsa, filed by AmBev on February 4, 2003).
4.12
Resolution
of the Office of Competition, Deregulation and Consumer Advocacy
of the
Ministry of Production of the Republic of Argentina regarding the
business
combination of AmBev and Quinsa dated January 13, 2003
(English-language
translation)
(incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 2.11 to Amendment No. 1 to Schedule 13D
relating
to Quinsa, filed by AmBev on February 4, 2003).
148
4.13
License
Agreement dated as of January 31, 2003, between AmBev and Quinsa
(incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Form 20-F filed by AmBev on June30,2003).
4.14
Distribution
Agreement dated as of January 31, 2003, between AmBev and Quinsa
(incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to Form 20-F filed by AmBev on June30,2003).
4.15
Termination
of the Letter Agreement, dated June 22, 2004, between Labatt Holding,
B.V.
and Interbrew International, B.V.
4.16
Letter
from InBev to AmBev and Labatt, relating to Labatt Tax Reassessment,
dated
March 4, 2005.
4.17
Confirmation
of Intellectual Property and Hedging Arrangements, dated August 27,2004,
to AmBev and Labatt from Interbrew
S.A.
4.18
Executed
Letter Agreement dated July 22, 2004, to AmBev from Interbrew regarding
the provision of certain information relating to each business and
its
affiliates.
4.19
Labatt
Services Agreement, dated August 27, 2004, between Labatt Brewing
and
Interbrew S.A. regarding services until December 31,2004.
4.20
Labatt
Services Agreement, dated August 27, 2004, between Interbrew S.A.
and
Labatt Brewing regarding services until December 31,2004.
4.21
Transfer
Agreement, dated August
2004, among Interbrew S.A., Interbrew International, AmBev and
Jalua Spain S.L.
4.22
License
Agreement, dated March 21, 2005, between AmBev and
InBev.
8.1
List
of Material Subsidiaries of Companhia de Bebidas das Américas -
AmBev.
11.1
Code
of Business Conduct (English-language version) (formerly, Code of
Ethics)
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 11.1 to Form 20-F filed by
AmBev on
June 30, 2004).
11.2
Amendment
to Code of Business Conduct (English language
version)
12.1
Principal
Executive Officers' Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
12.2
Principal
Financial Officer Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
13.1
Principal
Executive Officers' Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
13.2
Principal
Financial Officer Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
151
Pursuant
to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the
registrant, Companhia de Bebidas das Américas - AmBev, certifies that it meets
all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly
caused
and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on Form 20-F on
its
behalf.
Each
of the Three Years Ended
December 31, 2004 and Reports of
Independent Registered Public
Accounting
Firms
Deloitte
Touche Tohmatsu Auditores
Independentes
REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To
the
Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Companhia
de Bebidas das Américas - AmBev
São
Paulo - SP- Brazil
1.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Companhia
de
Bebidas das Américas - AmBev and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31,2004, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in
stockholders’ equity, changes in financial position and cash flow for the year
then ended, all expressed in Brazilian reais. These financial statements
are the
responsibility of Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We did not audit
the
financial statements of Labatt Brewing Company Limited (“Labatt”) (a
wholly-owned subsidiary of AmBev), which statements reflect total assets
constituting 8.59 percent of consolidated total assets as of December 31,2004,
total revenues constituting 13 percent of consolidated total revenues and
net
income constituting 4.65% of consolidated net income of the Company for the
year
then ended. Such financial statementswere
audited by other auditors whose report has been furnished to us, and our
opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included for such subsidiary,
is
based solely on the report of such other auditors.
2.
We conducted our audit in accordance with standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that
we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required
to
have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over
financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control
over
financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures
in
the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit and the report
of
other auditors provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
3.
In our opinion, based on our audit and the report of other auditors, such
consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects,
the
financial position of Companhia de Bebidas das Américas - AmBev and subsidiaries
as of December 31, 2004, and the results of its operations, changes in
its
stockholders’ equity, its financial position and its cash flow for the year
then ended in conformity with accounting practices adopted in
Brazil.
4.
Accounting
practices adopted in Brazil vary in certain significant respects from accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The Company
has
presented the nature and effect of such differences in Note 24 to the
consolidated financial statements.
REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To
the
Board of Directors of
Labatt
Brewing Company Limited
Toronto
- Canada
We
have
audited the accompanying balance sheet of Labatt Brewing Company Limited
(the
“Company”) as of December 31, 2004, and the related statements of income and
changes in stockholder’s equity for the period from August 28 to December 31,2004, all expressed in Canadian dollars. These financial statements are
the
responsibility of Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We
conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that
we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
financial
statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required
to
have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control
over
financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control
over
financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing
an
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures
in
the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In
our
opinion, such financial statements present fairly, in all material respects,
the
financial position of Labatt Brewing Company Limited as of December 31,2004,
and the results of its operations, and changes in its stockholders’ equity for
the period from August 28, 2004 to December 31, 2004 in conformity with
accounting practices adopted in Brazil.
Accounting
practices adopted in Brazil vary in certain significant respects from accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP).
The
Company has presented the nature and effect of such differences in Note
15 to
the financial.
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To
the
Board of Directors and Shareholders
Companhia
de Bebidas das Américas - AmBev
In
our
opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related
consolidated statements of operations, of changes in shareholders’ equity, of
changes in financial position and of cash flows present fairly, in
all material
respects, the financial position of Companhia de Bebidas das Américas - AmBev
and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2003 and the results of their
operations
and their changes in financial position for each of the two years in
the period
ended December 31, 2003, in conformity with accounting practices adopted
in
Brazil. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s
management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance
with
auditing standards generally accepted in Brazil and the standards of
the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards
require that
we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about
whether the
financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures
in
the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used
and
significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall
financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable
basis
for our opinion.
Accounting
practices adopted in Brazil vary in certain significant respects from
accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Information
relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented
in Note
24.
(Amounts
in millions of Brazilian reais - R$, unless otherwise indicated; Amounts
in
Canadian
dollars
are in millions of Canadian
dollars)
1.
OUR
GROUP
AND OPERATIONS
Companhia
de Bebidas das Américas (the “Company”, “AmBev” or “we”) is a publicly-held
company incorporated under the laws of the Federative Republic of Brazil,
headquartered in São Paulo, Brazil. AmBev and its subsidiaries produce,
distribute and sell beer, draft beer, soft drinks, malt and other non-carbonated
beverages, such as isotonic sport drinks, iced tea and water, in Brazil and
elsewhere in the Americas.
AmBev
has
a franchise agreement with PepsiCo International, Inc. (“PepsiCo”) to bottle,
sell and distribute Pepsi products in Brazil and in other Latin American
countries, including Lipton Ice Tea and Gatorade, the isotonic sports drink.
We
also have an agreement with PepsiCo for bottling, sale and distribution of
the
“Guaraná Antarctica” internationally.
AmBev’s
shares are traded on the São Paulo Stock Exchange - BOVESPA, and the New York
Stock Exchange - NYSE, as American Depositary Receipts (ADRs).
(i)
Agreement with Inbev
On
August27, 2004, at an Extraordinary
Shareholders’ Meeting, the Company’s shareholders approved the closing of the
transaction with InBev S.A. (“InBev”, formerly Interbrew), announced on March 3,2004, which involved:
-
The
incorporation of Labatt Brewing Canada Holding Limited, a company headquartered
in the Bahamas and that indirectly held a 100% interest in Labatt Canada,
by
AmBev in exchange for 19,264,363,201 newly issued shares of AmBev, comprised
of
7,866,181,882 common shares and 11,398,181,319 preferred shares, representing
approximately 33.5% and 34.4% of AmBev’s total voting capital, respectively, as
of August 27, 2004.
- On
this
same date, the totality of the shares of Tinsel Investment S.A. (“Tinsel”), a
holding company, which indirectly controlled AmBev, were contributed to InBev.
InBev issued 141.712 million new shares to BRC S.à.r.l (“BRC”), in exchange for
the totality of Tinsel’s capital stock. Tinsel, through InBev Holding Brasil
S.A. (formerly Braco Investimentos S.A. (“InBev Brasil”)) and Empresa de
Administração e Participações S.A. - ECAP (“ECAP”), indirectly holds 15.1% of
AmBev’s total capital and 35.1% of AmBev’s voting capital, on December 31,2004.
-
BRC
contributed all the InBev shares received in the transaction mentioned above
to
Stichting Interbrew (“Stichting”), InBev’s controlling company, in exchange for
141,712,000 Stichting certificates. The 321,712,000 shares of InBev, currently
pertaining to Stichting, represent approximately 56% of all InBev’s issued and
outstanding shares, and are subject to a shareholders’ agreement executed
between Stichting and its partners (BRC, Eugénie Patri Sébastien (“EPS”), and an
affiliated company of EPS, Rayvax Société d'Investissements S.A.), which deals,
amongst other things, with certain aspects related to Stichting and InBev’s
governance and management
and to the transfer of holding in Stichting and InBev.
F-12
As
mentioned in Note 23, continuing with the closing of the transaction, and
pursuant to the Brazilian legislation, InBev shall carry out a mandatory
tender
offer for the acquisition of AmBev’s remaining common shares on March 29, 2005,
pursuant to CVM’s authorization granted on February 14, 2005.
The
Antonio and Helena Zerrenner Foundation (“FAHZ”) maintained its share ownership
in AmBev and has extended the terms of the shareholders’ agreement of which the
Foundation is a party to until 2019, by means of an addendum, which was filed
with the CVM.
(ii) Incorporation
of Labatt Canada
The
total
amount of the Incorporation as at August 27, 2004 of R$ 14,441.0 was
recorded as follows: (i) increase of AmBev’s capital stock by R$ 1,600.7;
and (ii) increase of additional paid-in capital, a capital reserve, by
R$ 12,840.3.
The
impact arising from the consolidation of Labatt Holding ApS (“Labatt ApS”), a
company headquartered in Denmark and direct controlling company of Labatt
Canada, and of Labatt Canada in the financial statements of AmBev is presented
as follows:
(*) An
account receivable balance equivalent to R$ 268.7 was recorded on December31,2004, as described below.
Adjustments
to the investments originally recorded in Labatt
Canada
The
following adjustments were made to the initial investment and goodwill
calculated in the Incorporation of Labatt Canada (amounts translated from
Canadian dollars to Reais at the exchange rate as of August 27,2004):
Investment
of Labatt Canada (net liabilities) - originally recorded
(2,134.8)
Adjustments
recorded to initial adjustment
Restructuring
expenditures
27.7
Income
tax payable provision (FEMSA)
(80.6)
Unrealized
profits in inventories
(31.1)
Other
adjustments
(0.9)
Income
tax effect
1.5
Accounts
receivable InBev (reimbursement of InBev)
274.6
Total
adjustments to Labatt Canada’s net liabilities
These
adjustments primarily arose from events that occurred prior to the Extraordinary
Shareholders’ Meeting of AmBev which approved the transaction with InBev and,
therefore, were reflected in the initial balance sheet of Labatt Canada.
As
part
of the Incorporation agreement of Labatt Canada, InBev committed to reimburse
AmBev any fiscal, tax or contingency disbursement resulting from any event
existing prior to the Incorporation. Accordingly, Labatt had recorded provisions
equivalent in Canadian dollars to R$ 193.5 on August 27 and recorded an
additional amount of R$ 80.3 during the fourth quarter, related to
income
tax payable, which will be reimbursed by InBev upon payment.
Therefore,
in the elaboration process of its consolidated financial statements, AmBev
recorded accounts receivable balance from InBev at the amount of
R$ 268.7.
F-14
(iii) Embotelladora Dominicana,
C. per A.
("Embodom")
In
February 2004, the Company acquired 51% of the capital stock of Embodom,
located
in the Dominican Republic, generating goodwill in the amount of R$ 173.4,
based
on the expectation of future results, to be amortized in up to ten years,
as
from March 2004. In December 2004, the Company recalculated the goodwill
due to
adjustments in the shareholders’ equity basis for the acquisition as a result of
a reduction of ownership interest resulting from capital increases made by
the
Company and set forth in the acquisition agreement, resulting in an adjustment
at the amount of R$ 24.0.
(iv) Cerveceria
Suramericana ("Cervesursa")
In
December 2003, the Company acquired 80% of the capital stock of Cervesursa,
located in Ecuador, generating a negative goodwill of R$ 18.5, based
on the
expectation of future results, to be amortized in up to ten years. In 2004,
Cervesursa changes its name to Compañia
Cervecera AmBev Ecuador
S.A. (“AmBev
Ecuador”)
(v) Compañia
Cervecera AmBev Peru S.A.C. ("AmBev Peru")
In
October 2003, the Company acquired, for R$ 86.7, machinery and equipment,
inventory and the franchise of PepsiCo for the production, marketing and
sale of
Pepsi products in Lima and in the Northern region of Peru. Such assets were
contributed into the capital of AmBev Peru.
(vi) Industrias
del Atlántico ("Atlántico")
In
September 2003, the Company and the Central American Bottling Corporation
("CarbCorp"), launched their operations in the Central American and Caribbean
beer markets, through Atlántico, a wholly-owned subsidiary located in
Guatemala.
During
2003, AmBev and Quinsa integrated their operations, mainly in the Mercosur.
The
transaction was authorized with certain restrictions by the Comisión Nacional de
Defensa de la Competencia (Argentine National Commission for the Protection
of
Competition - "CNDC").
Compliance with restriction mentioned in item (i) below has been delayed,
as a result of the legal action filed by a company pertaining to the Compañía
Cervecerías Unidas S.A. ("CCU") group in April 2003, through which it claimed
the right to participate in the process of acquisition of the assets mentioned
in item (i) below. A summary of the main restrictions imposed by the CNDC
is as
follows:
·
Quinsa
and AmBev (the "Parties") shall dispose of the brands Bieckert,
Palermo,
Imperial and Norte, as well as the brewery located in Lujan, where
the
Brahma brand was produced, to an independent brewery, which must
be
financially sound and which does not produce beer in the Argentinean
market (the "Purchaser").
·
the
Parties should submit documentation to the CNDC, evidencing the
commitment
to allow the Purchaser, for a period of seven years starting on
the date
of the sale of the assets in item (i), to have access to Quinsa's
distribution network in Argentina, for the brands sold to the
Purchaser.
F-15
·
the
Parties shall assume a commitment with the Purchaser to produce
the
Bieckert, Palermo and Imperial brands, for a two-year period, as
from the
date on which such assets are sold.
2.
SUMMARY
OF OUR SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
a) Basis
of presentation of our financial statements
Our
financial statements are presented in Brazilian reais and have been prepared
in
accordance with accounting practices adopted in Brazil, or Brazilian GAAP,
which
is based on the Brazilian Corporate Law (Law No. 6,404/76, as amended), the
rules and regulations issued by the "Comissão de Valores Mobiliários" - CVM, or
the Brazilian Securities Commission, and the accounting standards issued
by the
IBRACON - "Instituto dos Auditores Independentes do Brasil", or the Brazilian
Institute of Independent Auditors.
These
financial statements differ from our Brazilian GAAP financial statements
due to
certain reclassifications and changes in terminology, and additional explanatory
notes added to conform more closely to financial reporting practices in the
United States of America. The statement of cash flows conforms with
International Accounting Standard No. 7, Cash Flow Statements and IBRACON
NPC
Standard No. 20, Cash Flow Statements.
Certain
accounting practices applied by the Company and its subsidiaries that conform
with Brazilian GAAP may not conform with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP) (Note 24).
b) Consolidation
principles
For
the
subsidiaries, the totality of assets, liabilities and results have been
consolidated, and the interest of minority shareholders in the shareholders’
equity and results for the year of subsidiaries is presented
separately.
Investments
in subsidiaries and their shareholders' equities, as well as inter-company
assets, liabilities, income and expenses, have been eliminated in consolidation.
Also, unrealized results arising from the purchase of raw materials and products
from subsidiaries and associated companies, included in the balance of inventory
at the end of each period, as well as other transactions between the Company's
subsidiaries, are eliminated.
The
consolidated financial statements include the financial statements, prepared
at
the same dates, of the subsidiaries either directly or indirectly controlled
by
the Company.
F-16
c) Foreign
currency translation
The
financial statements of our subsidiaries operating outside Brazil are translated
using the year-end exchange rate. Income and expense accounts are translated
and
maintained in reais at average exchange rates for the period. The difference
between the net result determined at the exchange rates at the balance sheet
date, and that determined on average exchange rates for the period, is adjusted
under other operating income. In addition, the financial statements of the
subsidiaries abroad include the foreign exchange gains or losses on assets
and
liabilities denominated in foreign currency.
The
financial statements for C.A. Cevecera Nacional S.A. (CACN) in Venezuela
include
inflation accounting adjustments based on local price index variations (measured
by Consumer Price Index - IPC), which were recorded in Other operating income
(Note 20).
In
the
cases of Maltería Pampa S.A. (Maltería Pampa), Maltería Uruguay S.A. (Maltería
Uruguay) and Cervecería y Maltería Paysandu S.A. (Cympay), the U.S. dollar is
considered to be the currency of their economic environment, and, therefore,
their prices and cash flows are primarily based on the U.S. dollar. The
following translation methodology was applied for these companies which adopt
the U.S. dollar as the functional currency: (i) inventories, property, plant
and
equipment, accumulated depreciation and shareholders' equity accounts were
translated into U.S. dollars at historical exchange rates and translated
into
reais at current rates; (ii) monetary assets and liabilities were translated
at
current rates; (iii) depreciation was determined based on the U.S. dollar
value
of the assets, (iv) other income accounts were converted at the average exchange
rates in the period; and (v) translation gains and losses are included in
income
for the period.
d) Cash
and cash equivalents
Cash
equivalents consist primarily of time deposits and other short-term investments
held through private mutual funds denominated in reais, having a ready market
and an original maturity of 90 days or less, and which have insignificant
early withdrawal penalty clauses and are recorded under acquisition cost,
plus
interest incurred up to the date of the balance and adjusted, when applicable,
to its equivalent market value. We also invest in money market instruments
and
private mutual funds denominated in U.S. dollars through our off-shore
subsidiaries.
e) Short-term
investments
We
buy
and sell debt securities with the main objective of mitigating our consolidated
exposure to currency and interest rate risks. These securities, substantially
represented by notes and securities, government securities, and bank deposit
certificates, including those denominated in foreign currency, are recorded
at
cost, adding, when applicable, from the income earned “pro rata temporis”; if
necessary, a provision is recorded for reduction to market values. In addition,
investment fund quotas are measured at market values, and when applicable,
a
provision is recorded to defer the variable unrealized income.
F-17
The
balance of financial investments at December 31, 2004 includes bank deposits
and
financial investments given as guarantee, in connection with the issuance
of
foreign debt securities of subsidiaries, in the amount of R$ 2.4
(R$ 29.9 in 2003).
f) Accounts
receivable
Accounts
receivable are stated at cost. The consolidated allowance for doubtful accounts
receivable is recorded at an amount deemed sufficient by management to cover
probable losses on realization of receivables and totals R$ 175.9 at December31, 2004 (R$ 182.3 in 2003).
g) Inventories
Inventories
are recorded at the average cost of purchases or production, adjusted by
a
provision for reduction to realizable values when necessary. On December31,2004, the consolidated provision for losses, to reduce inventories to net
realizable value amounted to R$ 17.5 (R$ 33.7 in 2003).
h) Other
current assets and long-term receivables
Other
current assets and long-term receivables are recorded at cost, including,
when
applicable, accrued interest. A provision for reduction to market values
is
recorded when necessary.
i) Property,
plant and equipment
Property,
plant and equipment are stated at cost, indexed for inflation through December31, 1995, and include the interest incurred in financing during the construction
phase of certain qualified assets. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated
using the straight-line method, considering the useful lives of the assets,
at
the annual rates listed in Note 9.
Expenditures
for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense when incurred. Costs incurred
in connection with developing or obtaining internal-use software are capitalized
and depreciated over the useful lives of the software.
Management
reviews long-lived assets, primarily buildings and equipment to be held and
used
in the business, for the purpose of determining and measuring impairment
on a
recurring basis or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that
the
carrying value of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable through
operating activities. Write-down of the carrying value of assets or groups
of
assets is made if and when appropriate.
Returnable
bottles are classified as property, plant and equipment and are depreciated
normally and written-off when breakage occurs to Cost of sales. We maintain
a
small number of bottles for sale to distributors to replace bottles broken
in
the distribution network. These bottles are recorded in inventory and are
not
used during our day-to-day operations. They are not subject to
depreciation.
F-18
Assets
held for sale include land and buildings and are reported at the lower of
their
carrying amounts or their fair values less cost to sell.
j) Deferred
charges
The
Company defers certain charges related primarily to acquisition and
implementation of software and pre-operation expenses incurred in the
construction or expansion of a new facility until the facility begins
operations.
Deferred
charges are amortized on a straight line basis over a period of up to five
years
from the beginning of operations.
k) Goodwill
and negative goodwill
Goodwill
or negative goodwill recorded on the acquisition of a company is computed
as the
difference between the purchase consideration and the underlying book value
(usually the tax basis) of the investment acquired. Goodwill is allocated
between the write-up of tangible assets at market value and estimated future
profitability; each component is amortized using the straight-line method,
respectively, over the remaining lives of the tangible assets or the period
of
the projected profitability, generally ten years. Negative goodwill is only
amortized upon realization of the related asset through sale or disposal,
unless
losses are expected. Generally, goodwill is not tax deductible until the
assets
are sold or measures are taken to restructure the assets. Goodwill amortization
is recorded as other operating expenses in our statement of operations (Note
20).
l) Pension
and other post-retirement benefits
The
cash
contributions made by the Company to the pension and employee welfare
foundations (Note 15) prior to December 31, 2001 were determined by independent
actuaries and treated as operating expenses, although the actuarial obligation
was not accrued. Since January 1, 2002 the pension obligation is recorded
on an
accrual basis.
Unrealized
actuarial gains and losses are deferred and recognized in income when exceeding
the higher of (a) 10% of the present value of the actuarial liability and
(b)
10% of the fair value of the plan's assets, over the average future working
life
of the plan's members.
m) Compensated
absences
The
liability for future compensation for employee vacations is fully accrued
as
earned.
F-19
n) Deferred
income taxes
The
tax
effects of net operating loss carryforwards expected to be recovered through
offset, are recorded as deferred tax assets on our balance sheet. Pursuant
to
CVM Deliberation No. 273/98 and CVM Instruction No. 371/02 only tax losses
which
are estimated to be recovered within a ten-year period based on a discounted
cash flow model are recorded as assets. In the event realization of deferred
tax
assets is not considered probable, no such assets are recorded.
Deferred
income tax asset as of December 31, 2004 includes the total effect of tax
losses
of Brazilian subsidiaries, which have no expiration dates and are available,
at
the 30% rate on future taxable income. Part of the tax benefit corresponding
to
the tax losses of foreign subsidiaries was not recorded as an asset, as
management cannot determine whether its realization is probable.
A
deferred tax liability arises in the case of an excess of net assets recorded
for financial reporting purposes over the tax basis of these net assets.
Current
and non-current deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented
separately.
o) Stock
ownership plan and advances to employees for purchase of shares
AmBev
operates a stock ownership plan. The purchase consideration paid by employees
is
recorded as an increase in capital stock. The rights to acquire AmBev's shares
granted to employees, officers or directors under the stock ownership plans
do
not generate a charge to income.
p) Warrants
and stock option premiums
The
net
premium received on the placement of options and warrants was recognized
in a
capital reserve in shareholders' equity upon receipt.
q) Treasury
shares
We
acquire our own shares to be held in treasury and record them using the cost
method, as a deduction from shareholders' equity. Cancellations of treasury
shares are recorded as a transfer from Treasury shares to Revenue
reserves.
r) Interest
attributed to shareholders' equity
Interest
attributed to shareholders' equity is recorded as a deduction from
unappropriated retained earnings. As required by law, we pay the related
withholding tax on behalf of our shareholders (Note 16(e)).
s) Revenues
and expenses
Sales
revenues and the corresponding cost of sales are recorded upon delivery of
products to the corresponding customers. No reserve for expected returns
is
recorded, as such amounts are insignificant. Other expenses and costs are
recognized on an accrual basis.
F-20
Selling
and marketing expenses include costs of advertising and other marketing
activities. Advertising and marketing expenses are deferred within each fiscal
year and systematically appropriated to results of operations for each period,
in accordance with projected sales volume, thereby reflecting the seasonal
nature of monthly sales. Advertising expenses (including promotional materials)
were R$ 397.8, R$ 253.2 and R$ 280.8 for the years ended December31,2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively.
In
addition to our third-party distribution networks, we operate a direct
distribution system which distributes our products directly to points of
sale.
Direct distribution expenses include product delivery charges and the cost
of
sales and delivery personnel required to distribute our products.
Expenditures
relating to ongoing environmental programs are charged to income as incurred.
Ongoing programs are designed to minimize the environmental impact of our
operations and to manage any potential environmental risks of our activities.
Provisions with respect to such costs are recorded at the time the obligation
is
considered to be probable and reasonably estimable.
t) Profit
sharing and related charges
The
year-end provision of our profit-sharing program is an estimate made by our
management. Amounts paid with respect to the program may differ from the
liability accrued.
u)
Earnings
per share
Earnings
per share were calculated based on the number of shares outstanding at the
end
of each year, net of treasury shares.
v) Financial
instruments and derivatives
Forwards
and cross-currency interest rate swaps:
The
Company enters into derivative financial instruments to hedge its consolidated
exposure to currency and interest rate risks. Financial instruments “not
designated as hedges for accounting purposes”are
measured at the lower of cost based on the contractual conditions between
the
Company and counterparties (“yield curve”) or market value and accounted for as
"Unrealized gain on derivatives" or "Unrealized loss on
derivatives".
Forward
and swap instruments in commodities:
The
nominal values of cross-currency interest rate swap operations and forwards
are
not recorded in the balance sheet.
The
Company enters into derivative financial instruments to hedge its consolidated
exposure to costs of raw material to be acquired, denominated in foreign
currency.
The
net
results of such derivative instruments, designated for accounting purposes
as
hedges, are recorded at cost (equivalent to their market value), deferred
and
recorded in
F-21
the
Company's balance sheet under "Other", and recognized in the result under
"Cost
of sales" when the product is sold.
x)
Tax
incentives
Certain
states in Brazil provide indirect tax incentives in the form of deferrable
tax
payments and partial or complete tax rebates in order to promote investments
in
their regions (Note 13). The recognition of these benefits occurs only when
the
gain is definite and all conditions have been met and is recognized against
Other operating income (Note 20). The benefits granted are not subject to
clawback provisions in the event we do not meet the program target; however,
future benefits may be withdrawn. Amounts recognized during 2004 totaled
R$
193.3 (R$ 176.0 in 2003 and R$ 151.9 in 2002).
y) Accrued
liabilities for legal proceedings
Provisions
for contingencies are recorded and updated to current values for labor, tax,
civil and commercial claims being disputed at the administrative and judicial
levels, based on estimates of losses determined by the Company’s external legal
counsels, for lawsuits in which a loss is considered probable.
Expected
tax savings obtained based on provisional court decisions resulting from
claims
filed by the Company against the tax authorities, if recognized in the statement
of income, are subject to provisioning until the right is assured through
a
final legal decision in favor of the Company.
w) Other
current and long-term liabilities
These
are
shown by known values or calculable, accrued, when applicable, of the
corresponding charges and monetary variations incurred until the end date
of the
financial statements.
z) Related
party transactions
Transactions
with related parties include, among other operations, the purchase and sale
of
raw materials such as malt, concentrates, labels, corks and several finished
products, eliminated in the Company's consolidated financial statements,
except
for the non-consolidated portion of operations with jointly-controlled entities
(recorded based on the proportional consolidation method) and other related
parties.
aa) Accounting
estimates
The
preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with Brazilian
GAAP requires management to make estimates that affect the reported amounts
of
certain assets, liabilities and other transactions. Thus, various estimates
are
included in the financial statements referring to the useful lives of property,
plant and equipment, the provisions necessary to reduce assets to the
realization amount and for contingent liabilities and the determination of
provision for income tax, which are based on the best estimates of the Company's
management; however, actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates
are used for, but not limited to: accounting for allowance for doubtful
accounts, depreciation and amortization, asset impairments, depreciable lives
F-22
of
assets, useful lives of intangible assets, recognition of deferred taxes
and
contingencies. The Company’s management periodically reviews these estimates and
believes that significant differences do not exist.
The
assets and liabilities, income and expenses of entities which are
jointly-controlled through a shareholders' agreement have been proportionally
consolidated based on the Company's total ownership in the capital stock
of the
respective jointly-controlled subsidiary. Amounts corresponding to the
proportional assets, liabilities, income and expenses, arising from
inter-company transactions, were eliminated in the proportional
consolidation.
Quinsa
has been acquiring its own shares, thus, changing the percentage of the
Company’s economic interest in Quinsa, which on December 31, 2004 reached
54.80%. These acquisitions led to a NON-CASH loss of R$ 80.8 in the Company’s
earnings for the year ended on December 31, 2004 (R$ 11.0 in 2003), since
the
amount paid was higher than the equity value of the shares.
Quinsa’s
controlling shareholders are entitled to swap their 373.5 million class A
shares
of Quinsa with common and preferred shares of AmBev, in April of each year,
or
at any moment when change occurs in the control structure of AmBev. AmBev
also
has the right to determine the exchange of class A shares of Quinsa for AmBev’s
shares starting from the end of the 7th year (counted from April 2003). In
both
cases, the number of AmBev’s shares to be issued to Quinsa's controlling
shareholders will be determined by a pre-agreed formula based on the EBITDA
of
the two companies.
On
October 28, 2004 AmBev announced that it was informed by Beverage Associates
(BAC) Corp. that the latter decided to not accelerate the full exercise of
its
swap option of Class A shares of Quinsa currently under its possession by
shares
of AmBev. A change in the structure of control of AmBev resulting from the
conclusion of the strategic alliance with InBev gave BAC the right to accelerate
its option according to the conditions provided for in the aforementioned
agreements.
The
net
assets of Quinsa, Agrega Inteligência em Compras Ltda ("Agrega") and Ice Tea do
Brasil Ltda (“ITB”), proportionally consolidated in the Company's financial
statements, are as follows:
The
table
below shows Quinsa's main holdings in subsidiaries, fully consolidated in
its
financial statements, and proportionally adjusted in the AmBev's consolidated
financial statements:
Trade
accounts receivable relate primarily to sales to Beer and soft drinks customers.
Credit risk is minimized by the large customer base and control procedures
through which we monitor the creditworthiness of customers. Changes in the
allowance for doubtful accounts were as follows:
2004
2003
2002
At
beginning of year
182.3
139.5
131.6
Provision
1.4
11.1
12.6
Write-offs,
net of recoveries
(45.9)
(10.2)
(4.7)
Quinsa
(proportionally consolidated)
38.
41.9
At
end of year
175.9
182.3
139.5
F-25
4.
INVENTORIES
2004
2003
Finished
products
396.8
145.6
Work
in process
62.8
63.9
Raw
materials
606.7
564.2
Production
materials
199.3
112.9
Supplies
and others
132.8
101.7
Provision
for losses
(17.5)
(33.7)
1,380.9
954.6
5.
TRANSACTIONS
WITH RELATED PARTIES
The
main
transactions of the Company with related parties are listed in the following
table:
2004
Balances
Transactions
Accounts
Accounts
Inter-company
Net
Net
financial
Companies
receivable
Payable
Loans
sales
results
AmBev
(2.0)
(3,334.0)
(219.7)
CBB
24.4
1,789.7
234.7
168.2
IBA-Sudeste
3.2
1,125.5
29.8
Jalua
11.9
(55.6)
Monthiers
1,242.2
68.9
Arosuco
5.2
336.3
416.6
Dunvegan
(873.0)
45.3
Cympay
(12.4)
116.2
(0.3)
Malteria
Pampa
6.0
152.3
Aspen
(197.0)
(1.7)
Labatt
Canada (i) (ii)
323.8
(14.1)
85.7
Other
nationals
74.3
(78.9)
(90.0)
64.7
(9.1)
Other
internationals
5.4
(24.4)
(7.7)
152.0
1.2
(i) Transaction
with other companies associated with InBev, mainly Labatt USA, which are
not
eliminated in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
(ii) Additionally,
there are service agreements between Labatt Canada and InBev in which services
rendered or expenses incurred on behalf of the other party are reimbursed.
On
December 31, 2004, Labatt Canada had accounts receivable of approximately
R$ 6.6 and accounts payable of approximately R$ 2.4 with InBev as
part of
the referred agreements.
F-26
2003
Balances
Transactions
Accounts
Accounts
Inter-company
Net
Net
financial
Companies
receivable
Payable
Loans
revenues
Results
AmBev
(8.5)
(1,535.5)
(44.6)
CBB
11.9
218.1
166.7
277.4
IBA-Sudeste
(1.7)
977.9
4.3
18.5
Jalua
(55.5)
(35.5)
Monthiers
1,226.5
(250.2)
Arosuco
3.8
246.1
334.4
6.0
Dunvegan
(802.0)
30.8
Cympay
(4.1)
0.3
76.8
Malteria
Pampa
7.4
115.7
13.9
Aspen
(173.0)
(19.2)
Other
nationals
41.8
(55.7)
(39.3)
241.7
1.1
Other
internationals
19.7
(12.0)
(59.9)
112.0
(0.8)
Names used:
-
Indústria
de Bebidas Antarctica do Sudeste S.A. ("IBA-Sudeste")
-
Jalua
Spain S.L. ("Jalua")
- Monthiers
S.A. ("Monthiers")
- Arosuco
Aromas e Sucos Ltda. ("Arosuco")
- Dunvegan
S.A. ("Dunvegan")
- Cervecería
y Maltería Paysandú - Cympay ("Cympay")
- Maltería
Pampa S.A. ("Maltería Pampa")
- Aspen
Equities Corporation ("Aspen")
- Labatt
Brewing Company Limited ("Labatt Canada")
Transactions
with related parties are carried out under usual market conditions and include,
among other operations, the purchase and sale of raw materials such as malt,
concentrates, labels, corks and several finished products, eliminated in
the
Company's consolidated financial statements, except for the non-consolidated
portion of operations with jointly-controlled entities (recorded based on
the
proportional consolidation method) and related parties.
All
loan
agreements between the Company's subsidiaries in Brazil have undetermined
duration and some are assessed market financial charges. The agreements that
involve the Company's subsidiaries headquartered abroad are usually monetarily
indexed based on the US dollar exchange rate plus 10% p.a. interest.
Inter-company loans are consolidated based on the same criteria described
above.
F-27
6.
OTHER
ASSETS
2004
2003
Current
assets
Deferred
income from commodities,
swap
and forward operations, net
54.9
0.1
Prepaid
expenses
242.1
123.3
Advances
to suppliers and others
42.8
26.5
Other
accounts receivable
139.1
106.0
478.9
255.9
Non-current
assets
Other
recoverable taxes and charges (*)
362.3
348.4
Prepaid
expenses
111.7
119.3
Investments
in debt securities
147.4
77.0
Prepaid
pension benefit cost
20.6
22.0
Other
accounts receivable
39.7
49.4
681.7
616.1
(*) At
December 31, 2004 these consist primarily of zero-rated excise tax (IPI)
credits
totaling R$ 228.1 (R$ 228.1 in 2003)
and
value-added taxes (ICMS) credits totaling 81.3 (R$69.2
in
2003). The Company has recorded a provision for
the full amount of the IPI tax asset (Note 13) as our right to recover such
amounts is not recognized by the tax authorities and
is subject to a definite judicial ruling in our favor.
F-28
7.
INVESTMENTS
-
SIGNIFICANT DIRECT AND INDIRECT SUBSIDIARIES
Percentage
interest (total shares)
Shareholders'
equity
(capital
deficiency)
Net
income (loss)
Fully
consolidated
2004
2003
2004
2003
2004
2003
2002
Arosuco
99.7
99.7
334.2
224.8
219.8
176.3
153.4
CACN
50.2
50.2
(27.1
)
17.9
(47.2
)
(39.4
)
(37.2
)
CBB
99.9
99.9
5,067.4
5,222.2
939.8
2,046.7
(371.2
)
Cerveceria
Suramericana (Cervesursa)
80.0
80.0
102.2
145.5
(31.4
)
(7.3
)
-
Cervejaria
Astra S.A. (Astra)
68.0
Compañia
Cervecera AmBev Peru A.C. (AmBev Peru)
100.0
100.0
(0.7
)
8.7
(9.2
)
(5.7
)
-
Eagle
Distribuidora de Bebidas S.A (Eagle)
100.0
100.0
2,660.4
2,684.4
(24.0
)
(539.0
)
1,484.7
Hohneck
100.0
100.0
1,245.6
1,315.1
(69.6
)
(67.1
)
363.0
IBA
Sudeste
99.3
99.3
1365.8
1,426.7
(78.9
)
47.5
3.6
Industria
del Atlántico (Atlántico)
50.0
50.0
62.0
46.9
17.2
5.8
Jalua
100.0
100.0
3,593.0
3,609.9
(16.9
)
(451.2
)
1,536.6
Labatt
Holding ApS
100.0
14,423.8
-
276.7
-
-
Labatt
Canada
100.0
(1,848.2
)
-
54.0
-
-
Maltería
Pampa
100.0
100.0
197.4
190.7
22.4
41.5
(31.5
)
Monthiers
100.0
100.0
3,576.1
3,609.8
42.3
(451.1
)
1,516.7
Proportionally
consolidated companies
(*)
Agrega
50.0
50.0
0.4
0.6
(2.0
)
(1.9
)
(2.0
)
Ice
Tea do Brasil Ltda (ITB)
50.0
50.0
(4.1
)
(3.4
)
(0.6
)
(0.7
)
(1.7
)
Quinsa
54.8
49.7
720.6
818.2
(86.4
)
149.7
-
(*)
The
pro-rated balances proportionally consolidated and included in the consolidated
balance sheet at December 31, 2004 were: total assets - R$ 1,808.4
(R$ 1,812.5 in 2003); working capital - R$ (17.3) (R$ 1.1
in
2003) and cash and cash equivalents of R$ 175.4 (R$ 44.3
in 2003). The
pro-rated net income from these affiliates included in the consolidated
statement of operations totaled R$ 83.8 (R$ 147.1 in 2003
and
R$ 3.7 in 2002).
Quinsa
and subsidiaries (proportionally consolidated)
547.6
510.4
Total
goodwill
23,124.6
2,553.8
Accumulated
amortization
(4,779.1)
(689.6)
Total
goodwill, net
18,345.5
1,864.2
Negative
goodwill
CBB
(149.9)
(149.9)
Cervesursa
(16.4)
(18.5)
Total
goodwill, net
(8.8)
(8.5)
Total
negative goodwill
(175.1)
(176.9)
Goodwill,
net
18,170.4
1,687.3
(i)
The balance of the accumulated amortization referring to goodwill
existing
in Labatt Canada totaled R$ 3,418.2 on December31,2004.
(ii)
Goodwill reclassified to deferred charges, following the downstream
mergers of subsidiaries between related parties.
Changes
in the goodwill and negative goodwill, net are as follows:
2004
2003
At
beginning of year, net
1,687.3
626.9
Goodwill
on new acquisitions
16,892.6
1,035.0
Negative
goodwill on new acquisitions
-
(18.5)
Labatt
and subsidiaries (first time consolidation)
355.1
-
Quinsa
and subsidiaries (proportionally consolidated)
37.3
442.6
Amortization
(803.6)
(252.4)
Negative
goodwill realized
1.7
-
Reclassification
to deferred charges, net (see (ii) above)
-
(146.3)
At
end of year, net
18,170.4
1,687.3
F-30
9.
PROPERTY,
PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Annual
depreciation
2004
2003
rates
- %
Land
328.6
244.6
Buildings
and constructions
2,578.2
2,090.8
4
Machinery
and equipment
7,968.2
5,673.3
10
to 20
Offsite
equipment
1,551.0
1,030.4
10
to 20
Other
assets and intangibles
1,241.9
987.0
4
to 20
Construction
in progress
368.3
153.7
14,036.2
10,179.8
Accumulated
depreciation
(8,504.5)
(6,013.5)
5,531.7
4,166.3
The
subsidiaries held for sale properties, on December 31, 2004, with a total
book
value of R$ 113.8 (R$ 144.1 in 2003), which are classified
under
long-term receivables, net of a provision for expected losses on realization,
in
the amount of R$ 69.1 (R$ 89.1 in 2003).
During
the year, a provision for potential losses on the sale of property, machinery
and equipment was established, in the amount of R$ 10.4 (R$ 58.7
in
2003), accounted for in the Company's consolidated financial statements
under
"Non-operating expenses".
In
view
of bank loans and leases taken by the Company and its subsidiaries, at
December31, 2004, there are pledged property, machinery and equipment, at the residual
amount of R$ 781.4 (R$ 909.3 in 2003). Such restriction has
no impact
on the use of such assets and on the Company's
operations.
10.
DEFERRED
CHARGES
2004
2003
Pre-operating
costs
208.6
190.6
Implementation
and expansion expenses
53.9
55.7
Future
Profitability (*)
109.1
146.3
Other
162.6
71.5
534.2
464.1
Accumulated
amortization
(240.1)
(204.8)
294.1
259.3
(*)
This
refers to the goodwill and negative goodwill on the acquisition of subsidiaries,
incorporated by the Parent Company in previous years, reclassified
from “O” to “Deferred charges” and amortized based on future
profitability.
F-31
11. LOANS
AND
FINANCING
Current
Long-term
Annual
financial charges
Final
maturity
2004
2003
2004
2003
Reais
ICMS sales tax incentives
4.99%
June
2013
93.5
34.6
288.2
340.5
Acquisition of equipment
2.40%
above the TJLP(*)
October
2009
135.2
227.1
209.5
298.6
Other
104%
of CDI
April
2005
274.5
0.2
0.4
503.2
261.9
497.7
639.5
Foreign
currency
Working Capital (i)
2,619.5
Syndicated loan
2.4%
above
quarterly
LIBOR (i)
August
2004
1,062.9
Bond 2011
9.63%
December
2011
10.3
11.6
1,527.0
1,444.6
Bond 2013
9.63%
September
2013
36.4
42.1
1,127.4
1,444.6
Raw materials
6.43%
May
2005
112.6
183.7
22.1
Acquisition of equipment
6.53%
June
2010
141.0
303.5
1,102.4
418.4
Other (ii)
5.9%
October
2008
20.1
110.4
113.1
35.1
2,939.9
1,714.2
3,869.9
3,364.8
3.443,1
1,976.1
4,367.6
4,004.3
(i) Changes
from last year is basically due to consolidation of Labatt ApS,
as shown in
Note 1 (ii).
(ii) Includes
local currency loans (and interest) in Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay
and
Venezuela
(*) The
annualized TJLP (Government nominal long-term interest rate), fixed quarterly
at
9.75% per annum as from December
31, 2004
(11%
in 2003); LIBOR - The six-monthly London Interbank Offered Rate - LIBOR at
December 31, 2004 is 2.78 % per
annum
(1.4% per annum in 2003).
The
loans
relate to programs offered by certain states through which a percentage of
the
monthly ICMS due is financed by Government related agencies, generally over
a
five year period (Note 12).
The
amount of R$ 330.2 (R$ 393.6 as of December 31, 203) of “Deferrals of taxes on
sales” includes a current portion of R$ 54.5 (R$ 161.8 in 2003) classified under
“Other taxes and contributions payable”.
The
remaining amounts refer to the financed deferrals of ICMS due for periods
of up
to twelve years, as part of industrial incentive programs. The deferred
percentages may be fixed during the program or vary regressively, from 75%
in
the first year to 40% in the final year. The deferred amounts are partially
indexed at 60% to 80% of a general price index.
(ii)
Acquisition
of equipment
In
May
2001, we entered into a credit agreement with BNDES for R$ 216.5 of which
R$
168.2 was received in 2001 and the remainder in 2002. The balance under the
credit agreement is to be paid in monthly installments with final maturity
in
December 2008.
(iii)
Notes
issued in the international market
In
September 2003 CBB issued US$ 500 million 8.75% notes due 2013 (the 2013
Notes),
under Regulation 144A and Regulation S, with a full and unconditional guarantee
offered by AmBev. The 2013 Notes were issued at 99.67% of face value, and
bear
annual interest of 10.3% including 15% withholding tax, payable every six
months
and mature in September 2013. On September 15, 2004, the Company registered
the
2013 Notes with the Securities and Exchange Commission - SEC under the
U.S.
Securities Act of 1933 and its subsequent amendments. In addition, the
2013
Notes were filed with the Luxembourg Stock Exchange for settlement through
the
Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), Euroclear and Clearstream.
In
December 2001 CBB issued US$ 500 million 10.5% notes due 2011 (the 2011
Notes),
under Regulation 144A and Regulation S with a full and unconditional guarantee
offered by AmBev. The 2011 Notes were issued at 98.56% of face value, and
bear
annual interest of 12.3% including 15% withholding tax, payable every six
months
and maturite in December 2011. On October 4, 2002, we consumated our SEC
registered exchange offer for the 2011 Notes.
F-33
(iv)
Syndicated
loan
On
July28, 2004, the Company paid its syndicated loan in the amount of R$ 974.7,
net of
hedge effect of the correspondent debt.
(v)
Raw
materials
Raw
material import finance terms are normally for payment in a single installment
on the 360th day, and are primarily to finance importations of malt and hops.
The supplier credit financings are mostly obtained through international
financial institutions.
(b) Mortgages
and collateral
Loans
and
financings for expansion, construction of new plants and purchases of equipment
are guaranteed by mortgages on the plant properties and financial liens on
equipment. Loans for the purchase of raw materials, mainly malt, and the
issue
of Notes on the international market are guaranteed by collaterals of AmBev
and
its subsidiaries, which at December 31,
2004
totaled R$ 295.7
(R$
199.1 in 2003).
(c) Breach
of
covenant
As
of
December 31, 2004, the Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance with
debt
and liquidity ratio covenants in connection with obtaining the loans, except
for
what is mentioned in the following paragraph.
During
the year 2003, certain subsidiaries of Quinsa in Argentina concluded a debt
renegotiation process, covering also financings and payment terms. On December31, 2004, US$ 4.7 million was recorded under current liabilities,
because
certain liquidity ratio covenants have not been fulfilled.
Effective
May 25, 2004, Labatt Canada entered into a loan agreement
in the
amount of CAD$ 700.0 with a bank consortium and a final maturity date on
December 12, 2005.
The
loans
under the loan agreement bear interest at the bankers acceptance rate plus
applicable margin ceiling of which stands at 0.9% per annum. On December31,2004, the bankers acceptance average rate on the debt was at 2.765% p.a.
and the
applicable margin was 0.55% per annum.
Effective
from December 12, 2002, Labatt Canada entered into a forward loan agreement
at
the amount of CAD$ 600.0 with syndicated banks. This agreement has
two
different parts: (a) a pre-approved line of credit for the utilization
of funds
when necessary of CAD$ 30.0; and (b) a forward loan of CAD$ 300.0
with
semi-annual amortizations of CAD$ 50.0. On December 31,2004 Labatt had recorded as liability:
(i) CAD$ 60.0 referring to the portion used in the
pre-approved
line of credit; and (ii) two remaining installments of the
loan,
totaling CAD$ 100.0, with final maturity on December 12, 2005.
The
loans
contracted under these two types incur interest at bankers acceptance rates
plus
the applicable margin, the ceiling of which is 0.95% per annum to the line
of
credit and 0.90% per annum to the forward agreement. On December 31, 2004,
the
bankers acceptance average rates on the debt was 2.636% per annum and the
applicable margin was 0.60% per annum.
Effective
from July 23, 1998, Labatt Canada entered
into a US dollar loan agreement in the amount of US$ 162 million in Series
A
Bank Notes and CAD$ 50 in Series B Bank Notes ("Notes"), contracted from
a group
of institutional investors. The Notes are subject to fixed interest
rates
of 6.56% p.a. over the portion in US dollars and at 6.07% p.a. over the
Canadian
dollars, expiring on July 23, 2008.
12.
SALES
TAX
DEFERRALS AND ICMS TAX INCENTIVE PROGRAMS
We
currently participate in programs whereby a percentage of payments of ICMS,
due
from sales generated by specific production facilities, are deferrable (financed
by a state related financial agent) for periods of generally five years
from
their original due date.
Sales
tax
deferrals arise from programs under which percentages deferrable usually
range
from 40% to 75% over the life of the program. Amounts deferrable under these
programs are unlimited, except in certain states with which we have specific
agreements. Balances deferred generally accrue interest and are only partially
inflation-indexed.
F-35
Description
2004
2003
Short-term
liabilities
Loans
and financings (Note 11)
93.5
34.6
Sales
tax deferrals (included in Other taxes payable)
54.5
161.8
148.0
196.4
Long-term
liabilities
Loans
and financings (Note 11)
288.2
340.5
Sales
tax deferrals
275.7
235.2
563.9
575.7
13.
COMMITMENTS
AND CONTINGENCIES
(a)
Tax
and
legal claims
We
are
contesting the payment of certain taxes and contributions and have made judicial
escrow deposits (Restricted deposits for legal proceedings) of equivalent
or
lesser amounts pending final judicial decisions. Our management believes
that
the accrued liability for contingencies, including interest, is sufficient
to
meet probable and reasonably estimable losses in the event of unfavorable
rulings.
The
following probable losses have been identified based on the advice of outside
legal counsel and have been provided as liabilities in our financial
statements:
2004
2003
Indirect
taxes
ICMS
and IPI (i)
540.4
532.0
PIS
and COFINS (ii)
383.5
339.2
Labor
claims (iii)
324.0
211.1
Income
tax and social contribution (iv)
71.3
50.2
Claims
from distributors and resellers (v)
47.2
28.6
Others
(vi)
104.6
71.8
Total
accrued liabilities for contingencies
1,471.0
1,232.9
AmBev
may
be exposed to additional possible risks, based on the opinion of legal counsel,
estimated at R$ 1,241.1 (R$ 1,266.6 in 2003) which have not
been
provisioned. Although there can be no assurance that AmBev will prevail in
every
case, management does not believe that the ultimate disposition of these
legal
contingencies will have a material effect on AmBev's financial condition
or
results of operations.
F-36
Changes
in the
accrued liabilities for contingencies are as follows:
2004
2003
At
beginning of year
1,232.9
989.3
New
provisions
250.8
172.3
Payments
(78.4)
(15.4)
Interest
39.7
59.8
Quinsa
and subsidiaries (proportionally consolidated)
26.0
26.9
At
end of year
1,471,0
1,232.9
(i)
ICMS
and
IPI
These
legal proceedings relate mainly to tax disputes of presumed zero-rated IPI
credits and to extemporaneous ICMS credits on purchases of property, plant
and
equipment prior to 1996. We have filed claims against the tax authorities
to
assure we effectively benefit from IPI tax exemptions on certain inputs.
Currently the "exemption" becomes a mere tax deferral at the time of sale.
As
these and other claims are contingent upon obtaining favorable, non-appealable
judicial decisions, the corresponding assets, which might arise in the future,
are only recognized once realization is assured.
(ii)
PIS
and
COFINS
PIS
- We
obtained an injunction in the first quarter of 1999, which was confirmed
by a
lower court judgment, granting the right to pay PIS (up to December 31, 2002
only) on billings, without paying such contribution on other revenues. Following
the enactment of Law 10,637 of December 31, 2002, which established new rules
for calculating PIS with effects from December 1, 2002, the Company and its
subsidiaries began to pay such contribution on other revenues, as prescribed
by
current legislation.
COFINS
-
The 3rd Region Local Federal Court confirmed a legal decision in favor of
the
Company and its subsidiaries, which allows them to pay COFINS on billings,
releasing them from paying such contribution on other income. Following the
enactment of Law No. 10,833/03 as of December 29, 2003, effective February1,2004the Company and its subsidiaries began to pay such contribution, as
prescribed by current legislation.
At
December 31, 2004, the provision primarily refers to amounts that were not
paid
pursuant to the injunctions, and which will be subject to provisioning until
they are assured by a final decision in favor of the Company.
In
common
with many Brazilian taxpayers, we have filed claims seeking to exclude for
the
period from 1988 to 1995 the indexation for inflation of certain PIS taxes.
In
May 2001 a decision of the appellate court ruled in favor of a plaintiff
taxpayer. In the administrative judicial system, the decisions have been
favorable to the taxpayers, and the tax authorities are no longer issuing
new
infraction notices regarding this issue. Although the issue has not yet received
a final non-
F-37
appealable
ruling, the probability of the taxpayers' position not prevailing is considered
to be remote. During 2001, we concluded
the determination of the credits arising in the five-year prescriptive period
prior to the date of our claim. The liability, including interest and charges,
totaling R$ 138.7 was reversed to income (Provision for contingencies and
other)
during 2001. The amounts were recovered by offsetting other Federal taxes
due.
We
have
also filed claims against the tax authorities to support our view that certain
taxes levied are unconstitutional, however because we are required by law
to pay
these amounts, we have deposited the amounts into judicial escrow accounts
(Restricted deposits for legal proceedings) and/or made provisions for amounts
legally due.
(iii)
Labor
claims
We
are
involved in approximately 8,500 legal proceedings with former and current
employees, mainly relating to dismissals, severance, health and safety premiums,
supplementary retirement benefits and other matters. We have established
provisions in connection with all proceedings for which we believe, based
on the
advice of our outside legal counsel, there is a probable chance of loss.
Judicial escrow deposits, principally for labor claims, totaled R$ 129.6
at
December 31, 2004 (R$ 111.6 in 2003). At December 31, 2004 none of these
claims
had probable estimated losses which individually exceeded
R$
2.0.
(iv)
Income
Tax and Social Contribution
This
provision relates substantially to the recognition of the deductibility of
interest attributed to shareholders' equity in the calculation of social
contribution for the year 1996.
(v)
Claims
from distributors and resellers
We
have
several claims filed against us by former distributors whose contracts were
terminated due to their failure to meet our guidelines and a general
restructuring of our distribution network. We have provisions for probable
losses of R$ 47.2, based on advice of outside legal counsel (R$ 28.6 in
2003).
(vi)
Other
provisions
These
provisions relate substantially to issues involving the National Social Security
Institute (INSS), products and suppliers.
(vii)
Labatt
Canada
Certain
beer and alcoholic beverage producers of the United States, Canada and Europe
were mentioned in collective suits for losses and damages brought under the
claim of marketing of alcoholic beverages for under age consumers. Labatt
Canada
was mentioned in one of these proceedings. Such suit will be vigorously defended
and, at this time, it is not possible to estimate the loss probability or
estimate its amount.
F-38
Labatt
was sued by the Canadian Government concerning the interest rate used in
certain
contracts with related parties existing in the past. The total amount sued
by
the Government is approximately CAD$ 200, equivalent to R$ 490 on December31,2004). In the event Labatt is required to pay this amount, AmBev will be
fully
reimbursed. Until then, Labatt recorded a current liability at the amount
of R$
189.9 (equivalent to CAD$ 86 million on December 31, 2004) as “Provision for
contingency of Income Tax” (Note 14), and AmBev recorded an account receivable
at the same amount as an adjustment in the consolidation of
Labatt.
(b)
Commitments
Commitments
for
construction under contract at December 31, 2004 are estimated at R$ 100.0
(R$ 20.1 in 2003).
We
have
contracts with certain key suppliers to buy volumes of key materials in our
production processes, including aluminum, plastics and natural gas, but without
fixed volumes or amounts.
(c) Environmental
issues
We
are
subject to federal, state and local environmental laws. These laws generally
provide for control of air emissions and require responsible parties to
undertake remediation of hazardous waste disposal sites. Civil penalties
may be
imposed for noncompliance.
We
provide for remediation costs and penalties when a loss is probable and the
amount is reasonably determinable. It is not presently possible to estimate
the
amount of all remediation costs that might be incurred or penalties that
may be
imposed. Our management does not presently anticipate that such costs and
penalties, to the extent not previously provided for, will have a material
adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, statement of operations
or liquidity.
At
present we believe there are no unasserted environmental claims or assessments.
We have made substantial capital expenditures to bring existing facilities
into
compliance with various environmental laws.
Recent
environmental expenditures are as follows:
Property,
plant
Waste
Year
ended December 31
and
equipment
treatment
Total
2004
12.9
36.1
49.0
2003
9.3
38.3
47.6
2002
2.8
38.8
41.6
Budgeted
environmental expenditures for the five-year period ending December 31, 2008
total approximately R$ 242.3 (unaudited).
In
December 2004 and January 2005, two subsidiaries of the Company received
tax
assessment notices at the amount of R$ 52.0 and R$ 458.0, respectively,
referring to the taxation requirement in Brazil of income from foreign
subsidiaries.
The
Company, through its attorneys, challenges the validity of the referred tax
assessment notices and shall defend this case vigorously. The probability
of
loss in these cases is deemed by the external counsels as possible, but not
probable. Therefore, no amount was recorded referring to these tax assessment
notices on December 31, 2004.
14.
OTHER
LIABILITIES
2004
2003
Current
liabilities
Employee
and management profit sharing-program
126.3
11.5
Deposits
for containers (i)
84.4
Provision
for restructuring (ii)
183.0
Provision
for income tax contingency (Note 13 a (vii))
189.9
Deferred
net income from commodities swap and forward operations
12.7
Marketing
accounts payable
101.1
Provision
for royalties payment
37.1
Advances
from customers
31.0
Other
accounts payable
251.4
199.1
985.9
241.6
Long-term
liabilities
Post-retirement
benefits (Note 15b)
646.0
72.9
Deferred
income tax and social contribution (Note 18 (b))
138.5
26.2
Supplier
credits
0.8
Deferred
income from debt swap operations
90,3
Other
accounts payable
61.5
33.2
936.3
133.1
(i) These
deposits are made by points of sale in Canada and at the time of the beer
sale,
as a guarantee by the containers, and they are given back when the containers
are returned.
(ii) On
September 8, 2004, Labatt announced the closing of its plant in New Westminster,
British Columbia. This plant will continued to
operate
through the end of March 2005 and closed on April 22, 2005, when the agreement
with the labor union ended. As the
closing
plan of this plant had already been approved at the time of the Incorporation,
lay-off provisions at the amount of CAD$ 9.9 million
(equivalent to R$ 21.9 on December 31, 2004) was registered on August 27,2004.
During the 4Q04, Labatt provisioned CAD$12.3
million (equivalent to R$ 27.2 on December 31, 2004) as supplement to the
preliminary provisions as part of an agreement entered
into
with the Workers Union. Additionally, in December 2004, Labatt announced
a
workforce restructuring with a view
at
reducing the personnel
fixed cost by 20%. Thus, Labatt recorded a provision in the amount
of CAD$
60.7 million (equivalent to R$ 134.0 on December31, 2004) in order to cover lay-off expenses, in addition to CAD$ 17.0 million
(equivalent to R$ 37.5 on December 31, 2004)
F-40
referring
to post-retirement benefits and private pension plan of employees to be
laid-off. These provisions totaled R$ 198.7 in 2004 earnings
results and were recorded as “Non-Operating Income”.
15.
EMPLOYEE
BENEFITS
(a) AmBev
pension benefits
AmBev
sponsors a defined-benefit pension plan (closed to new participants since
May
1998) and a defined-contribution plan, which supplement benefits that the
Brazilian government's social security system provides to our employees and
those of our Brazilian subsidiaries. Contributions by AmBev under the plan
are
determined based on a percentage of participant salaries.
These
plans are administered by the AmBev Pension Fund, Instituto AmBev de Previdência
Privada (IAPP). In the year ended December 31, 2004, the Company contributed
R$ 3.9 (R$ 4.4 in 2003) to IAPP. The IAPP was established solely for
the
benefit of our employees, and its assets are held independently. We nominate
the
three directors of IAPP.
At
December 31, 2004 we had 4,539 participants in our plan (4,662 in 2003),
of
which 2,611 (2,778 in 2003) participated in the defined-benefit
plan.
Based
on
the independent actuarial reports, the funded status of AmBev's plans at
December 31, is determined as follows:
2004
2003
Fair
value of plan assets
633.3
501.5
Present
value of actuarial liability
(438.1)
(334.4)
Funded
status
195.2
167.1
The
surplus of assets of IAPP is recognized by the Company in its consolidated
financial statements under "Surplus assets - Instituto AmBev", in the amount
of
R$ 20.6 (R$ 22,0 in 2003), estimated as the maximum limit of
its
future use, also taking into account the legal restrictions that prevent
the
return of a possible remaining actuarial surplus, not used in the payment
of
private security benefits, in the event of a winding up of IAPP.
(b)
Post-retirement
benefits and others
The
Company directly provides medical assistance, reimbursement of medicine expenses
and other benefits to certain retired pensioners.
Labatt
Canada, the Company’s indirect subsidiary, provides pension plan benefits in the
defined contribution model and in the defined benefit model to its employees,
as
well as certain
post-retirement benefits; Labatt Canada also provides certain post-retirement
pension benefits to certain distributors.
F-41
On
December 31, 2004 liabilities deriving from these obligations are recorded
in
the Company’s financial statements in the account “Provision for employee
benefits” in the following amounts:
Labatt
(i)
Labatt
(ii)
AmBev
(ii)
Total
Projected
Benefit Obligation
2,209.7
239.8
105.2
2,554.7
Fair
value of plan assets
(1,597.6)
(1,597.6)
Plan
deficit
612.1
239.8
105.2
957.1
Non-amortized
actuarial adjustments
(320.5)
(60.6)
(26.8)
(407.9)
Other
benefits - Labatt Canadá
0.3
Distributors’
plans (iii)
96.5
Total
liabilities
291.6
179.2
78.4
646.0
(i)
Pension
plan;
(ii)
Post-retirement
benefit plan;
(iii)
The
obligation referring to the distributors’ plan accounts for Labatt
Canada’s pro rata participation under the obligations of these plans which
will be financed by Labatt Canada by means of the allocation of
services
costs of these affiliated companies
Change
in
the provision for employee benefits, according to the independent actuary’s
report:
The
actuarial liabilities related to the benefits provided by the FAHZ on December
2004 were fully offset by an equivalent amount of assets held by the FAHZ
on the
same date. The surplus assets were not recorded by us in our financial
statements, since under current welfare foundation regulations, any surplus
of
assets over liabilities cannot be returned to the Company.
In
accordance with NPC No. 26, the Company recognized the actuarial liability
related to the obligation for the benefits provided directly by AmBev, but
not
for benefits provided by the FAHZ. The assumption is that this obligation
will
not be legally imputed to the Company and will be covered by the contributions
made annually to the FAHZ (up to 10% of the net income of each year), which
are
recognized through the statement of operations.
(c)
Actuarial
assumptions
The
medium and long-term assumptions adopted by the independent actuary, in the
calculation of the actuarial liability were the following:
Annual
Percentage - in nominal terms
AmBev
Labatt
2004
2003
2004
2003
Discount
rate
10.9
10.9
5.7
6.0
Expected
rate of return on assets
15.4
16.6
8.0
8.0
Increase
in the remuneration factor
7.3
7.3
3.0
3.0
Increase
in health care costs
7.3
7.3
4.0
4.0
16
SHAREHOLDERS'
EQUITY
(a)
Capital
and shareholders' rights
(i) Capital
The
Company's capital stock on December 31, 2004 amounted to R$ 4,742.8
(R$ 3,124.1 in 2003), represented by 56,277,742 thousand no-par
value and
registered shares (38,537,333 thousand in 2003), comprised of 23,558,245
thousand common shares and 32,719,497 thousand preferred shares (15,735,878
thousand and 22,801,455 thousand, respectively, in 2003).
F-43
On
December 6, 2004, the Company announced to the market that it intends to
approve
the distribution of share dividends to its shareholders in the format of
one
common share for each five shares (preferred shares or common shares).
The share dividends shall be distributed through capitalization of
capital
reserves as at September 30, 2004. The purpose of this dividend is to maintain
the liquidity of the common shares after the mandatory tender offer for the
common shares of AmBev by InBev, regardless of the level of acceptance thereof.
Fraction of shares which may occur shall be dealt with as provided for by
the
Article 169 of the Law 6,404/76.
The
share
dividends shall be submitted for approval by the appropriate authorities
and once approved shall only occur when the settlement of the public offering
of
InBev S.A. is concluded in order not to alter the economic effects
thereof.
The
AGE
(Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting) as of August 27, 2004, approved the issue,
by the Company, of 19,264,363 thousand new shares, comprised of 7,866,182
thousand common shares and 11,398,181 thousand preferred shares, and also
decided to appropriate to the capital stock account the amount of R$ 1,600.7and
to the capital reserve account the amount of R$12,840.3 as premium on share
subscription, which was fully subscribed by Labatt ApS legal
representatives.
In
April
2004, the Company increased capital stock by R$ 17.9, using advance
for
future capital increase at the amount of R$ 9.0, originally classified in
long-term liabilities, and the remaining amount paid-up in the same month,
through the private subscription of 55,727,205 preferred shares, exclusively
to
fulfill the provision in the Stock Ownership Plan, as mentioned in item (f).
(ii)
Warrants
During
the period for the exercise of warrants between April 1 and April 30, 2003,
25
thousand common and 489 thousand preferred shares were subscribed, for the
total
amount of R$ 0.5. Certain warrant holders have challenged in court
the
CVM's and Company's understanding related to the warrant conversion
criteria.
(iii)
Share
rights
Our
preferred shares are non-voting but have priority in the return of capital
in
the event of liquidation. Our common shares have the right to vote at
shareholder meetings. Under our by-laws, we are required to distribute to
shareholders as a mandatory dividend in respect of each fiscal year ending
on
December 31 an amount not less than 35.0% of our net income determined under
Brazilian GAAP, as adjusted in accordance with such law, unless payment of
such
amount would be incompatible with AmBev's financial situation. The mandatory
dividend includes amounts paid as interest attributed to shareholders' equity
(item (e)). Preferred shares are entitled to a dividend premium of 10% over
that
received by the common shareholders.
F-44
(iv)
Share activity (in thousands of shares)
2004
2003
2002
Preferred
shares
At
beginning of year
22,801,455
22,824,827
23,668,349
Employee
stock ownership plan purchases
55,727
259,007
384,075
Labatt
transaction
11,398,181
Stock
warrants
489
Cancellation
of shares
(1,535,866)
(282,868)
(1,227,597)
At
end of year
32,719,497
22,801,455
22,824,827
Common
shares
At
beginning of year
15,735,878
15,795,903
16,073,049
Labatt
transaction
7,866,182
Stock
warrants
25
Cancellation
of shares
(43,815)
(60,050)
(277,146)
At
end of year
23,558,245
15,735,878
15,795,903
(b) Appropriation
of net income for the year and transfers to statutory
reserves
(i) Legal
Under
Brazilian Corporate Law, AmBev, together with our Brazilian subsidiaries,
are
required to appropriate an amount not less than 5% of net income after absorbing
accumulated losses, to a statutory (legal) reserve. The reserve may be used
to
increase capital or absorb losses, but may not be distributed as
dividends.
(ii)
Investments
Our
by-laws permit that we appropriate an amount not lower than 5% and not higher
than 61.75% of our statutory adjusted net income to a reserve for investments,
in order to finance the expansion of our activities, including subscription
to
capital increases or the establishment of new enterprises. This reserve cannot
exceed 80% of our capital stock. Should this limit be reached, a General
Meeting
of shareholders must deliberate on the balance, either distributing it to
shareholders or increasing capital.
(iii)
Shareholder
transaction
During
2002, in connection with our project financing agreement with the International
Finance Corporation - IFC, we transferred to the IFC 53,727 thousand preferred
shares as payment of US$ 5 million of our outstanding debt, upon the
exercise by the IFC of its option to convert the balance of the debt. We
recognized a gain of R$ 11.7 on this transaction which was recorded
directly in shareholders' equity as a capital reserve.
(iv) Employee
profit sharing of up to 10% of net income for the period, based on predetermined
criteria. Directors are allotted a 5% participation in net income
for the period, limited to the amount equivalent to their annual remuneration,
whichever is lower. Profit sharing is conditioned to the
F-45
achievement
of collective and individual targets, which are established in advance by
the
Board of Directors at the beginning of the fiscal year.
(c)
Treasury
shares
At
December 31, 2004the Company held in treasury 60,731 thousand common shares
and
1,589,604 thousand preferred shares in the total amount of
R$ 1,040.1.
The
Board
of Directors has successively approved the repurchase of shares, and the
Company
is authorized, during renewable periods of up to 90 days, to acquire shares
within certain limits.
Additionally
as part of our buyback program, in 2001, our Board of Directors authorized
the
issue of put options for the repurchase of 188,380 thousand preferred shares
of
our own stock. The net premium received on the placement of the options was
R$ 4.9, recorded as a capital reserve in shareholders' equity. In
2002, the
put options were exercised and the Company repurchased 188,380 shares for
the
total consideration of R$ 89.1.
Activity
in treasury shares during the year was as follows (in thousands):
2004
2003
2002
Preferred
shares
At
beginning of year
(520,153)
(273,684)
(848,906)
Repurchase
of shares
(2,605,318)
(529,337)
(706,102)
Transfer
of shares to IFC
53,727
Cancellation
of shares
1,535,867
282,868
1,227,597
At
end of year
(1,589,604)
(520,153)
(273,684)
Common
shares
At
beginning of year
(104,546)
(101,131)
(271,567)
Repurchase
of shares
(63,464)
(106,710)
Cancellation
of shares
43,815
60,049
277,146
At
end of year
(60,731)
(104,546)
(101,131)
(d) Dividends
and contributions
The
determination of the dividend approved by the Board of Directors from net
income
for the year ended December 31 was as follows:
F-46
2004
2003
2002
Net
income for the year
1,161.5
1,411.6
1,510.3
Legal
reserve (5%)
(i)
(70.6)
(75.4)
Dividend
basis
1,161.5
1,341.0
1,434.9
Dividends
Prepaid
interim distribution
as
dividends
108.4
495.2
160.8
as
interest attributed to shareholders' equity
236.1
222.5
Supplemental
dividends
as
dividends
424.6
54.6
341.3
as
interest attributed to shareholders’ equity
558.1
226.1
Withholding
tax on interest attributed to
shareholders'
equity (generally 15%)
(119.3)
(67.3)
Total
dividends, net of withholding tax
1,207.9
931.1
502.1
Percentage
of dividends to dividend basis
102.2
69.4
35.0
Dividends
per thousand shares outstanding
at
year-end, net of withholding tax (in whole reais) - R$
Common
20,86
(ii)
23.15
12.40
Preferred
22,95
(ii)
25.46
13.64
(i)
We
did
not appropriate any amounts to our legal reserve during 2004, based on the
provisions in Brazilian Corporation Law which determine that capital reserves
may be limited to 30% of the Company’s capital stock.
(ii)
Dividends
per lot of thousand shares outstanding (excluding treasury shares) at year-end
-
before withholding tax (IRRF): common - R$ 22.92 and preferred -
R$ 25.21
F-47
(e)
Interest
on shareholders’ equity
Brazilian
companies are permitted to pay limited amounts of interest on capital to
shareholders and treat such payments as an expense for Brazilian income and
social contribution tax purposes. This notional interest distribution is
treated
for accounting purposes as a deduction from shareholders' equity in a manner
similar to a dividend. A 15% tax is withheld and paid by AmBev upon credit
of
the interest. Interest attributed to shareholders' equity is treated as a
dividend for purposes of the mandatory dividend payable by AmBev.
(f)
Stock
ownership plan
The
stock
ownership plan for the purchase of Company shares (the Plan) is administered
by
a committee that includes non-executive members of our Board of Directors.
This
committee periodically creates stock ownership programs and sets the terms,
vesting requirements and employees to be included and establishes the price
at
which the preferred and common shares are to be issued.
The
purchase price cannot be less than 90% of the average price of the shares
traded
on the Bovespa in the previous three business days, at the date the award
is
granted. The number of shares which may be granted each year under the Plan
cannot exceed 5% of the total number of shares outstanding of each type of
share
at that date (shares
granted represented 1.0% and 0.03% of total shares outstanding in 2003 and
2002,
respectively).
The
Company may opt to issue new shares, or transfer its treasury shares to the
employee. There is no expiration date for the purchase of the shares. The
Company has the right of first refusal on shares issued under the program
if (i)
the employee decides to sell the shares or (ii) the employee ceases to be
employed by the Company, automatically forfeiting the purchase rights. The
Company has the right to repurchase any shares subscribed by the employee
at a
price equal to: (i) the price paid by the employee, adjusted by inflation,
should the shares be sold within the first 30 months following the purchase;
(ii) 50% at the price paid, adjusted by inflation, and another 50% at the
market
price, if the employee sells the shares after the first 30 months but before
the
60th month following the purchase; or (iii) at market price if sold at least
60
months following the purchase.
Employees
who do not apply at least 70% of their annual bonuses, net of income tax
and
other charges, to subscribe shares under the stock ownership plan, will forfeit
their purchase rights in the same proportion of the bonuses not applied,
unless
the equivalent amount had been previously subscribed in cash by the
employee.
For
plans
granted prior to 2003, the Company provided advances to employees for the
purchase of shares. Financing arrangements were normally for periods of no
more
than four years and accrued 8% interest per annum above the "Índice Geral de
Preços - Mercado" - IGP-M (Note 2(o)).These advances are guaranteed by the
shares. On December 31, 2004 these advances totaled R$ 175.2 (R$ 234.7 in
2003)
and are included in the balance sheet as non-current assets. For plans granted
beginning in 2004, the Company no longer provides these advances.
F-48
The
summary of changes in shares included in the Plan for the years ended December31, 2004 and 2003 is the following:
2004
2003
Outstanding
(in thousands of shares)
At
beginning of year
733,689
640,800
Granted
9,000
386,000
Exercised
(55,727)
(259,007)
Cancelled
(35,926)
(34,104)
At
year end - outstanding and exercisable
651,036
733,689
Shares
available at end of each year that may
be
granted in the subsequent year
2,813,887
1,926,867
17
FINANCIAL
INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT
(a)
Overview
A
substantial part of our loans and financing are denominated in foreign currency.
We also have assets in Brazil, Argentina and other South and Central American
countries.
We
hold
certain amounts of cash and cash equivalents denominated in foreign currency,
and enter into cross-currency interest rate and commodities swap transactions
and currency forward contracts to hedge against the effects of exchange rates
variations on our consolidated exposure to foreign currency, interest rate
fluctuations, and changes in raw material costs, particularly aluminum, sugar
and wheat.
Financial
assets are purchased to hedge against financial liabilities, which does not
prevent the Company from redeeming them at any time, even though its real
intent
is to carry such assets to maturity on their respective due dates.
(b)
Derivative
financial instruments
Volatility
of interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices are the principal
market
risks to which we are exposed and which we manage through derivative instruments
to mitigate exposure to risk.
We
monitor and evaluate our derivative positions on a daily basis and adjust
our
strategy in response to market conditions. We also periodically review the
credit limits and creditworthiness of our counter parties in these transactions.
In view of our policies and practices established for derivatives, management
considers the occurrence of non-measurable risk situations as
unlikely.
The
notional outstanding amounts do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties
and, thus, are not a measure of our exposure through the use of derivatives.
The
amounts exchanged during the term of the derivatives are calculated on the
basis
of the notional amounts and the other contractual conditions of the derivatives,
which relate to interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.
F-49
The
estimated fair value amounts of our derivatives exposures as of December
31,
were as follows:
Financial
instrument
2004
2003
Foreign
currency
US$/R$
3,929.6
4,686,5
Yen/US$
775.7
Argentine
Pesos/US$
132.9
152.4
CAD$/US$
298.6
Interest
rate
Floating
LIBOR/ fixed LIBOR
55.7
944.6
CDI
(*)/Fixed interest rate
(201.8)
Fixed
interest rate/ Canadian BA
943.2
Commodities
Wheat
2.3
Aluminum
13.2
Sugar
60.3
22.3
5,435.8
6,379.7
(*) Interbank
Deposit Certificate rate.
(i)
Currency
and interest rate hedges
Interest
rate risks mainly relate to debt borrowed at floating rates. The foreign
currency debt is largely subject to fluctuations in the LIBOR. The portion
of
local currency denominated debt that is subject to floating rates is linked
to
the TJLP. We use derivative instruments to mitigate the effects of volatility
of
the LIBOR rate.
At
December 31, 2004, unrealized gains (losses) on financial instrument, not
designated as hedges for accounting purposes were recorded at the lower of
cost
plus accrued interest and market value, in accordance with Brazilian GAAP.
Had
the Company recorded its short-term investments and financial instruments
at
market value, it would have recorded an additional unrealized gain in the
amount
of R$ 189.0 in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2004 (R$ 206.0
in 2004) as presented in the table below:
Financial
instruments
Book
value
Market
value
Unrealized
gain
Public
bonds
131.0
148.7
17.7
Swaps/forwards
(421.7)
(264.6)
157.1
“Cross
currency Interest rate Swap” (*)
(40.9)
(26.6)
14.3
331.6
(142.5)
189.1
(*) Swaps
of
Labatt Canada for the conversion of the Notes taken at fixed interest in
US
dollars for fluctuating
interest in
Canadian
dollars.
The
fair
values of investments are estimated based on quoted market prices. For
investments for which there are no quoted market prices, fair values are
derived
from available yield curves for investments of similar maturity and
terms.
(ii) Currency
and commodities
F-50
At
December 31, 2004, losses totaling R$ 45.3 (Gain of R$ 1.2 in 2003), arising
from these instruments obtained for the specific purpose of mitigating our
exposure to fluctuations in foreign currencies and the prices of raw materials
to be purchased, were deferred, and will be recognized in income when
realized.
During
the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, the following effects arising
from
such instruments were recorded in earnings under Cost of sales:
Gain
(loss) recorded
in
cost of sales
Description
2004
2003
Currency
(9.1
)
(99.0
)
Sugar
6.6
-
Wheat
and corn
(0.1
)
-
Aluminum
10.9
16.7
8.3
(82.3
)
The
Company's financial liabilities, represented mainly by Bonds 2013 and 2011,
Syndicated Loan and import financings, are stated at cost plus accrued interest
and monetary and exchange variations, based on closing rates and indices.
Had
the
Company recorded its financial liabilities at market values, it would have
recorded an additional loss, before income taxes, of approximately
R$ 602.6, on December 31, 2004 (loss of R$ 202.2 in 2003 and
a gain of
R$ 461.7 in 2002), as presented in the table below:
Financial
liabilities
Book
value
Market
value
Unrealized
(loss)
Bonds
2,701.1
3,265.7
(564.6
)
Series
A Notes (i)
434,2
466.1
(31.9
)
Series
B Notes (ii)
111.7
117.8
(6.1
)
3,247.0
3,849.6
(602.6
)
(i)
Series A notes executed by Labatt Canada in US dollars.
(ii)
Series
B
notes executed by Labatt Canada in Canadian dollars.
The
criteria used to estimate the market value of the financial liabilities was
carried out based on quotations of investment brokers, on quotations from
banks that render services to AmBev and Labatt Canada and at the secondary
market value of securities on the base date as of December 31. The Bonds,
approximately 125.25% of face value for Bond 2011 and 117.2% for Bond 2013
and
the Series A Notes and Series B Notes of Labatt
Canada, the prices were calculated based on the cash flow discounted at present
value, using market rates available for Labatt Canada for similar
instruments.
F-51
(c)
Concentration
of credit risk
We
sell
to distributors, supermarket and retailers, within a broad distribution network.
Credit risk is reduced as a result of the large number of customers and control
procedures that monitor the creditworthiness of distributors and customers.
Historically, we have not experienced significant losses on receivables from
customers. In order to minimize the credit risk of its investments, the Company
has adopted procedures for the allocation of cash and investments, taking
into
consideration loan limits and appraisals of financial institutions, not allowing
concentration, i.e., the loan risk is monitored and minimized for the
negotiations are carried out only with a select group of counterparties highly
qualified. Labatt Canada enteres compensation agreements with
its
counterparties, allowing them to terminate financial assets and liabilities
contracts in the event of default.
(d) Financial
income (expense)
2004
2003
2002
Financial
income
Realized
and unrealized gain from derivative instruments
128.9
319.8
1,202.4
Foreign
exchange gains (losses) on investments
(49.7)
(97.2)
1,007.2
Financial
income on cash equivalents
175.2
233.7
120.5
Interest
on taxes, restricted deposits for legal proceedings
11.6
77.4
34.2
Other
73.2
68.1
166.0
339.2
601.8
2,530.3
Financial
expenses
Realized
and unrealized losses from derivative instruments
(541.3)
(298.2)
(883.6)
Foreign
exchange rate (losses) gains on loans
258.3
524.3
(1,738.8)
Interest
and charges on loans
(592.6)
(474.5)
(441.8)
Tax
on financial transactions
(121.3)
(90.9)
(95.0)
Interest
on contingencies and other
(53.9)
(95.4)
(95.7)
Other
(64.8)
(74.0)
(22.4)
(1,115.6)
(508.7)
(3,277.3)
Total
(776.4)
93.1
(747.0)
F-52
18
INCOME
TAXES
(a) Tax
rates
Income
taxes in Brazil comprise federal income tax (25%) and social contribution
(9%)
(a federal tax on income) which, combined, provide a composite statutory
rate of
34%. There are no taxes levied by state or local authorities on income in
Brazil. The Company is subject to taxes from its operations in foreign
jurisdictions.
(i) We
acquired Pepsi
in
October 1997 including net operating tax losses available for offset. Pursuant
to the purchase agreement, in the event we had used such tax losses within
a
five-year period from the date of purchase, we would have been required to
reimburse 80% of these amounts to the seller. Although this clause expired
on
October 21, 2002, we had not recorded the remaining 80% of the Pepsi tax
asset,
totaling R$ 148.0 as management was not fully confident, that the
asset met
the probable recoverability test under CVM Instruction No. 273/98
and
271/02.
F-53
Composition
of benefit (expense) of Income Tax and CSLL:
2004
2003
2002
Current
(740.6)
(624.4)
(123.4)
Deferred
228.8
198.3
404.0
Total
(511.8)
(426.1)
280.6
The
major
components of the deferred tax asset and liability accounts are as
follows:
2004
2003
Deferred
income tax assets
Tax
loss carryforwards, net
1,091.0
1,163.5
Temporary
differences
Non-deductible
provisions
491.3
410.0
Other
634.3
258.3
2,216.6
1,831.8
Deferred
income tax liabilities
Accelerated
depreciation
100.5
17.9
Other
38.0
8.3
138.5
26.2
(d)
Net
operating loss carryforwards
Deferred
tax assets are limited to the amount for which offset is supported by profit
projections for the next ten years, discounted to present value, according
to
CVM Instructions No. 273/98 and 271/02.
Net
deferred income tax assets comprise Brazilian net operating losses, which
have
no expiration dates, available for offset against future taxable income.
Brazilian carryforward losses are available for offset of up to 30% of annual
income before tax in any year. Tax losses are not inflation-indexed.
Based
on
projections of future taxable income, the estimated recovery of income tax
and
social contribution loss carryforwards is as follows:
2006
54
2007
309
2008
150
2009
228
2010
296
2011
54
1,091
F-54
It
is
estimated that the balance of deferred taxes on temporary differences as
of
December 31, 2004 will be realized until the fiscal year 2010. However,
it is
not
possible
to accurately estimate when such temporary differences will be realized,
because
the major part of them depends on legal decisions, over which the Company
has no
control nor any means of anticipating exactly when a final decision will
be
reached.
The
projections of future taxable income include various estimates on the
performance of the Brazilian and the global economy, the determination of
foreign exchange rates, sales volume, sales prices, tax rates, and other
factors
that may differ from the data and actual values.
Since
the
income tax and social contribution derive not only from taxable income but
also
depend on the Company’s tax and corporate structure, the existence of
non-taxable income, non-deductible expenses, tax exemption and incentives,
and
other variables, there is no relevant correlation between net income and
the
determination of income tax and social contribution. Therefore, we recommend
that the tax loss carryforwards should not be taken as an indicator of future
profits.’
Tax
loss
carryforwards available for offset arising from operations in Argentina,
Venezuela, Uruguay and Paraguay totaling R$ 184.0, expire through
2007.
Recovery of these tax losses is not considered to be more likely than not
based
on current estimates at December 31, 2004 and, accordingly, we have not recorded
these assets.
19.
COMMITMENTS
WITH SUPPLIERS
The
Company has agreements with certain suppliers to acquire certain quantities
of
materials that are important for the production and packaging processes,
such as
malt, plastics for PET bottles, aluminum and natural gas.
The
Company has commitments assumed with suppliers for 2005 and 2006, already
contracted on December 31, 2004 at the amount of approximately R$ 1,320.0
and R$
390.0, respectively.
At
December 31, 2004, the main assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, such
as
property, plant and equipment and inventories, are insured against fire and
other risks, at replacement value. Insurance coverage is higher than the
book
values.
F-56
23.
SUBSEQUENT
EVENTS
On
January 7, 2005, the Company’s Board of Directors deliberated on the payment of
interest on shareholders’ equity, in the amount of R$ 9.6800 per lot of thousand
common shares and R$ 10.6480 per lot of thousand preferred shares. The Board
of
Directors also deliberated on the payment of supplementary dividends to be
included in the mandatory minimum dividends for 2004, in the amount of R$
7.3600
per lot of thousand common shares and R$ 8.0960 per lot of thousand preferred
shares.
On
February 14, 2005, the CVM authorized the registration of the Mandatory Tender
Offer for Common Shares (MTO) issued by the Company under the terms of the
Article 29 of the CVM Instruction 361/02. The MTO, which shall be carried
out on
March 29, 2005, and shall have the following characteristics:
(a)
Issuer:
InBev AS/NV;
(b)
Purpose
of the offering:
(i) up
to
100% of the outstanding common shares on the date of the auction, which totaled,
on December 31,2004, 3,577,208,360 shares, or 15.2% of the voting
capital
and 6.3% of the Company’s total capital;
(ii)
up
to
67,730,600 common shares of the Company owned by CBB, which accounted for,
on
December 31, 2004, 0.3% of the voting
capital and 0.1% of the Company’s total capital;
(iii)
up
to
6,006,448 common shares owned by AmBev’s management members, which accounted
for, on December 31, 2004,
0.02% of the voting capital and 0.1% of the Company’s total
capital;
(c)
Offering
price: the payment of the acquisition price of common shares shall be made,
at
the option of each shareholder holding
common shares, purpose of this Offering, in one of the following
ways:
(i)
Payment
in InBev’s common shares (“Option to Pay in Shares”), in the proportion of
13.827166 InBev’s common shares per each
lot of 1,000 AmBev’s common shares;
(ii)
Payment
in cash, in Brazilian Reais (“Option to Pay in Cash”), corresponding to 353.28
Euros, convertible into US dollars and then
into
Brazilian Reais, under the terms defined in the Public Tender Offer Notice.
The
conversion of Euros into US
dollars and
of
these into Brazilian Reais shall be made as a result of the low liquidity
in the
exchange market of Euros into Reais;
(d)
Conditions
of payment: to the holders of common shares issued by AmBev who choose for
the
payment in shares, the financial settlement
shall occur as soon as possible and no later than 30 days after the final
date
of qualification, determined in the Public Tender
Offer Notice within 60 days after the Auction date. Those who choose for
the
cash transaction, the payment for traded shares
will be made within five business days after
F-57
the Auction date, under the terms of the Public Tender Offer Notice.
(e) Price
reference: AmBev’s valuation report, prepared by an independent Financial
Institution, on the reference date as of June 30, 2004,
under the terms of the CVM Instruction 361/02,
containing the price calculation of AmBev’s shares, taking into
account the
following methodologies:
(i)
Book
value: the book value on June 30, 2004 was R$ 104.90 per lot of thousand
common
shares;
(ii)
Weighted
average quotation price: the weighted average quotation price of AmBev’s common
shares on BOVESPA between September1, 2003 and August 30, 2004 corresponds to R$ 952.80 per lot of thousand
common
shares; and
(iii)
Economic
value (unaudited): AmBev’s economic value, calculated according to the
discounted cash flow methodology,
resulted
in the value interval of R$
819.00
and R$
901.00
per lot of thousand common shares on June 30, 2004.
24. SUMMARY
OF PRINCIPAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BRAZILIAN GAAP AND US GAAP
(a)
Description
of the GAAP differences
The
Company's accounting policies comply with and its consolidated financial
statements have been repared in accordance with, accounting principles set
forth
in Brazilian GAAP. The Company has elected to use its Brazilian GAAP financial
statements as its primary financial statements.
A
summary
of the Company's principal accounting policies that differ significantly
from US
GAAP is set forth below.
(i) Supplementary
inflation restatement in 1996 and 1997 for US GAAP
Under
Brazilian GAAP, inflation accounting was discontinued effective January 1,1996.
Prior to that date, Brazilian GAAP statements included indexation adjustments
which partially accounted for the effect of inflation on property, plant
and
equipment, investments, deferred charges (together denominated Permanent
assets)
and shareholders' equity, and reported the net charge or credit in the statement
of operations. However, under US GAAP, Brazil ceased to be treated as a highly
inflationary economy only as from January 1, 1998. Therefore the financial
information for purposes of US GAAP for the two-year period ended December31,1997 include additional inflation restatement adjustments made by applying
the
IGP-M to permanent assets and shareholders' equity.
Shareholders'
equity under US GAAP was increased by R$ 110.4, R$ 120.1 and R$ 130.9,
respectively, at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 due to the additional
inflation restatement adjustments, net of depreciation.
F-58
(ii) Reversal
of inflation restatement adjustment on foreign subsidiaries
Under
Brazilian GAAP, the financial statements of our subsidiaries operating in
Argentina and Venezuela
include
inflation accounting adjustments for certain periods. For purposes of US
GAAP,
neither of these countries was considered to be highly inflationary for the
years presented and, accordingly, amounts are reported based on nominal local
currency balances translated to reais at the period end exchanges rates for
balance sheet accounts and average rates for the year for statements of
operations and of cash flows.
Shareholders'
equity under US GAAP was reduced by R$ 13.0, R$ 116.0 and R$ 105.3 at December
2004, 2003 and 2002, due to the reversal of the inflation restatement
adjustments
(iii) Property,
plant and equipment
·
Capitalized
interest
Under
Brazilian GAAP, prior to January 1, 1997 there was no accounting standard
requiring capitalization of interest as part of the cost of the related assets.
Under US GAAP, capitalization of the financial costs of borrowed funds,
excluding foreign exchange losses, during construction of major facilities
is
recognized as part of the cost of the related assets.
For
purposes of the reconciliation, an increase in shareholders’ equity due to
capitalized interest, net of amortization effects was recorded, amounting
to
R$ 10.9 in 2004, R$ 7.6 in 2003 and R$ 8.1 in 2002.
·
Impairment
Under
Brazilian GAAP, companies are required to determine if operating income is
sufficient to absorb the depreciation of long-lived assets in order to assess
potential asset impairment. In the event such operating income is insufficient
to recover the depreciation, the assets, or groups of assets, are written-down
to recoverable values, preferably, based on the projected discounted cash
flows
of future operations. In the event of a planned substitution of assets prior
to
the end of the original estimated useful life of the asset, depreciation
of such
asset is accelerated to ensure that the asset is depreciated according to
estimated net realizable values at the estimated date of
substitution.
Under
US
GAAP, SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived
Assets, requires companies to evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets
to be held and used, and for long-lived assets to be disposed of, when events
and circumstances require such a review. The carrying value of long-lived
assets
is considered impaired when the anticipated undiscounted cash flow from
identified asset groups, representing the lowest level for which identifiable
cash flow are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets,
is less than their carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based
on
the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair market value
F-59
of
the
assets or discounted cash flows generated by the assets.
During
2004, as a result of the decision from the Brazilian antitrust authorities
that
AmBev must sell its Marathon brand, we recorded an impairment provision
totalling R$26.1. No impairment charge was recorded in our Brazilian GAAP
records.
(iv)
Deferred
charges
Brazilian
GAAP permits deferral of acquisition and implementation of software, payments
made to distributors (recorded as Other intangible assets) and pre-operating
expenses incurred in the construction or expansion of a new facility until
the
facility begins operations.
For
US
GAAP reconciliation purposes, amounts deferred related to pre-operating
expenses
incurred in the construction or expansion of a new facility, do not meet
the
conditions established for deferral and accordingly have been charged to
income.
For
purposes of the reconciliation, deferred charges expensed under US GAAP,
net of
amortization effects, amounted to R$ 143.9 in 2004, R$ 138.2 in
2003 and
R$ 174.6 in 2002.
(v)
Business
combinations
Under
Brazilian GAAP, goodwill arises from the difference between the amount
paid and
the Brazilian GAAP book value (normally also the tax basis) of the net
assets
acquired. This goodwill is normally attributed to the difference between
the
book value and the market value of assets acquired or justified based on
expectation of future profitability and is amortized over the remaining
useful
lives of the assets or up to ten years. Negative goodwill arises under
Brazilian
GAAP when the book value of assets acquired exceeds the purchase consideration;
negative goodwill is not generally amortized but is realized upon disposal
of
the investment.
Under
US
GAAP, fair values are assigned to acquired assets and liabilities in business
combinations, including intangible assets and unallocated goodwill. Upon
the
adoption of SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, as from
January1, 2002 goodwill is no longer amortized but, instead, is assigned to an
entity's
reporting units and tested for impairment at least annually. The differences
in
relation to Brazilian GAAP arise principally from the measurement of the
consideration paid under US GAAP using the fair value of shares and put
options
issued, and the effects of amortization which is no longer recorded for
US GAAP
purposes.
For
Brazilian GAAP purposes, the net balance of goodwill at December 31, 2004
was R$
18,345.5 (R$ 1,864.2 in 2003), which is being amortized to income
over a
period of up to 10 years; negative goodwill at December 31, 2004 was
R$ 175.1 (R$ 176.9 in 2003).
F-60
For
US
GAAP purposes, the net balance of goodwill at December 31, 2004 is
R$ 13,418.9 (R$ 253.5 in 2003), excluding goodwill
arising from the
acquisition of Quinsa, which is accounted for under the equity
method.
The
following significant business combinations have generated differences
in
accounting between Brazilian GAAP and US GAAP:
2004
2003
2002
Differences
in net income
The
Labatt transaction
Amortization
of goodwill
515.2
Depreciation
of purchase accounting adjustments
allocated
to tangible and intangible assets acquired
(23.5
)
Effect
of reorganizations and plant closures
(48.7
)
Income
tax effect
26.1
Employee
future benefits
0.5
Derivative
instruments
(4.6
)
465.0
The
Quinsa transaction
Amortization
of goodwill
103.0
84.8
Depreciation
of purchase accounting adjustments
allocated
to tangible and intangible assets acquired
(58.6
)
(35.8
)
Cumulative
translation adjustment
76.6
157.1
Fair
value adjustment of put option
(130.3
)
(135.2
)
(9.3
)
70.9
The
Antarctica transaction
Amortization
of goodwill
84.7
84.7
84.7
Depreciation
of purchase price adjustments
(11.9
)
(12.2
)
43.2
Amortization/write-off
of US GAAP intangibles
19.2
(64.5
)
(12.2
)
92.0
8.0
115.7
Other
acquisitions (principally reversal of amortization)
21.8
24.6
9.8
Business
combinations adjustments (Note 24 a(v))
569.5
103.5
125.5
Differences
in shareholders' equity
The
Labatt transaction
Goodwill
(3,678.8
)
Fair
value of tangible and intangible assets
5,895.9
Effect
of reorganizations and plant closures
81.2
Income
tax effect
(1,691.5
)
Employee
future benefits
(675.2
)
Derivative
instruments
(22.1
)
(90.5
)
The
Quinsa transaction
Cumulative
translation adjustment
12.2
(6.8
)
Goodwill
78.5
84.8
Fair
value of tangible and intangible assets
(101.2
)
(35.8
)
Fair
value of put options
(265.5
)
(135.2
)
(276.0
)
(93.0
)
The
Antarctica transaction
Goodwill
(355.4
)
(440.3
)
(525.0
)
Fair
value of tangible and intangible assets
115.5
108.4
185.0
(239.9
)
(331.9
)
(340.0
)
Roll-up
of Brahma minority shareholders
149.9
149.9
149.9
Other
acquisitions
41.7
19.9
(4.7
)
Business
combinations adjustments (Note 22 (a)(v))
(414.8
)
(255.1
)
(194.8
)
F-61
·
The
Labatt transaction
Under
Brazilian GAAP, the incorporation of Labatt was accounted for as
a pooling of
interest. AmBev incorporated a holding company, Labatt ApS at fair
value. The
only significant asset of Labatt ApS was its investment in Labatt
Canada.
For
Brazilian GAAP purposes, AmBev issued shares in an amount equivalent
to the fair
value of Labatt ApS.
Under
U.S. GAAP, we acccounted for the transaction using the purchase
method of
accounting with AmBev as the accounting acquirer. We accounted
for this
transaction as if AmBev had acquired Labatt Canada directly in
order to
determine the amount of goodwill to be recorded by AmBev.
The
purchase consideration of R$ 14,243.8 was determined based on the
fair value of
the shares issued by AmBev at March 3, 2005 which was considered
to be the
measurement date for this transaction.
Goodwill
arising from the acquisition of Labatt under US GAAP totaled R$
12,950.5 and will be tested for impairment on an annual basis or
whenever events
or circumstances indicates it to be necessary.
The
following fair value adjustments were made to the US GAAP book
value of Labatt’s
net assets:
Registered
trademardks are not subject to amortization and contractual agrements
have a
useful life of 100 years.
F-62
The
following summary presents the Company’s unaudited pro forma consolidated
results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2004 and
2003, in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States,
as if the Labatt acquisition had been completed at the beginning
of each period.
The pro forma information is only presented for comparative purposes
and does
not purport to be indicative of what would have occurred had the
acquisition
actually been made at such date, nor is it necessarily indicative
of future
operating results:
2004
2003
(unaudited)
(unaudited)
Net
sales
12,380.5
12,330.2
Operating
income
3,605.4
3,021.9
Net
income
1,761.8
2,308.0
Net
earnings per thousand AmBev shares (R$)
Basic
Common
35.37
53.91
Preferred
38.90
59.30
Diluted
Common
35.17
53.50
Preferred
38.69
58.85
·
The
Quinsa transaction
Under
Brazilian GAAP, the acquisition of Quinsa generated goodwill of
R$ 1,029.9,
arising from the difference between total consideration paid and
assets
contributed (shares of Linthal S.A.), and the book value of net
assets acquired,
which was attributed to expected future profitability, to be amortized
over ten
years.
Under
US
GAAP, we compared the total purchase consideration of R$ 1,950.2,
comprised of:
(i) cash paid totaling R$ 1,672.7; (ii) the fair value of our assets
contributed
to Quinsa of R$ 191.5 and (iii) the fair value of the put
option granted to
BAC of R$ 69.0 and (iv) other costs associated to the acquisition
totalling
R$17.0 with the fair value of our interest of the net assets acquired
of R$
830.9 and the fair value of the call option received from BAC of
R$ 68.1,
resulting in goodwill of R$ 1,051.2. We reviewed our purchase
accounting
of Quinsa during 2004, and, as a result, our goodwill was reduced
by R$ 92.2.
The measurement date of January 31, 2003 was used for purposes
of determining
the fair value of assets contributed.
F-63
The
following fair value adjustments were made to the US GAAP book
value of Quinsa’s
net assets:
The
put
option granted is recognized at fair value in our balance sheet
as a non-current
liability with changes in fair value, totaling R$ 130.3 in 2004
(R$ 135.2 in
2003), recognized in earnings as Financial expenses under US GAAP.
The
call
option
is recorded at cost and was tested for impairment at December 31,2004. No
impairment charge was recognized.
Consistent
with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 18, "The Equity Method
of
Accounting for Investment in Common Stock", the carrying value
of our
investments in Quinsa was tested for impairment by comparing it
to the December31, 2004 market value of Quinsa’s ADRs. No impairment charge was
recognized.
·
The
Antarctica transaction
Under
Brazilian GAAP, the transaction was treated as a merger (similar
to a
pooling-of-interest under US GAAP) whereby the controlling shareholders
of
Brahma and Antarctica each contributed their shares at the Brazilian
GAAP book
values of their corresponding net assets.
Under
Brazilian GAAP, the net assets of Antarctica were adjusted to be
consistent with
the accounting principles of Brahma, resulting in goodwill on the
combination.
These adjustments totaled R$ 815.6 and resulted in an adjusted
book value
of the net assets of Antarctica at the date of the combination
of R$ 586.9.
Subsequent hindsight adjustments in 2000 increased the goodwill
to
R$ 847.3. This goodwill was attributed to property, plant
and equipment
(R$ 144.6) and future profitability (R$ 671.0) and
will be amortized
over the useful lives of the property, plant and equipment, and
in the case of
future profitability, over 10 years.
Under
US
GAAP, the combination of Brahma and Antarctica was accounted for
using the
purchase method as defined by U.S. Accounting Principles Board
Opinion (APB) No.
16, Business Combinations, in which Brahma was the accounting
acquirer.
The
excess purchase consideration over the historical US GAAP book
value of the net
assets acquired and liabilities assumed was as follows:
Purchase
consideration (represented by the market value of
Brahma
shares equivalent to the AmBev's shares issued)
501.9
Less:
Antarctica's shareholders' equity under US GAAP
(91.2)
Excess
purchase consideration
410.7
The
excess purchase price was allocated based on independent fair value
appraisals
to complement tangible assets (US$ 130.1 million) and the
remainder to
trademarks, distribution networks, software and others. The fair
value allocated
to tangible assets is being depreciated over an estimated average
useful life of
ten years, the fair value allocated to trademarks is being depreciated
over 40
years, the distributors network over 30 years and the software
over five
years.
·
Roll-up
of Brahma minorities
At
Brahma's Extraordinary Shareholders' meeting on September 14, 2000,
Brahma's
common shareholders approved the combination by which all outstanding
shares of
Brahma not yet exchanged for AmBev shares were converted (rolled
up) into shares
of the same type and class of AmBev.
The
adjustment of R$ 149.9 to shareholders' equity for
all periods
presented relates to the reversal of the negative goodwill under
the Brazilian
GAAP.
·
Other
acquisitions
Under
Brazilian GAAP we acquired Embodom during 2004 with a goodwill
of R$ 214.5,
based on future profitability, to be amortized over ten years.
Under
US
GAAP, no adjustment was made. We will test our goodwill for impairment
periodically. No impairment charge was recognized during 2004.
Under
Brazilian GAAP we acquired Cervesursa during 2003 with a negative
goodwill of R$
18.5, based on expectations of future losses, to be amortized over
ten years.
Under
US
GAAP, we recorded a write-off of Cervesursa’s property and equipment in the
amount of R$ 18.5, net of taxes.
A
number
of acquisitions in prior years were treated differently under Brazilian
GAAP
compared to US GAAP. These differences arose primarily from bases
for
determining purchase considerations, fair values, allocation of
excess purchase
prices, goodwill, amortization periods and cases of step-acquisition
accounting.
For
purposes of the US GAAP reconciliation, additional credits of R$ 21.8
were
recognized in net income under US GAAP in the year ended December31, 2004
(R$ 24.5 in 2003 and R$9.8 in 2002).
F-65
(vi)
FAHZ
net
assets
The
FAHZ
is a legally distinct entity for statutory purposes in Brazil,
formed in
1936, which provides medical and other services to the employees
and retirees of
AmBev in Brazil. Under Brazilian GAAP, AmBev does not include the
assets of the
FAHZ in its financial statements.
For US
GAAP purposes, the net assets of the FAHZ, excluding the
actuarial
liability, detailed below (see item vii), and its operating expenses,
are
included in the determination of shareholders' equity and net
income under US
GAAP of AmBev because such asses are not considered to be under
US GAAP of AmBev
because such assets are not considered to be plan assets as defined
by SFAS No.
106, Employers' Accounting for Post-retirement Benefits Other
than Pensions
since they are not segregated and restricted between active and
retired
employees. The cash and cash equivalents of the FAHZ are presented
as Restricted
cash in the condensed consolidated US GAAP balance sheet. A substantial
part of
the assets are represented by shares in AmBev and have been reflected
as treasury shares, thereby reducing the number of outstanding
shares and
affecting the determination of earnings per share.
The
net
assets and results of operations, after elimination adjustments
of the FAHZ as
at and for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003 are as
follows:
2004
2003
2002
Current
assets
Restricted
cash
2714
279.5
117.8
Others
13.1
11.5
14.2
Property
and equipment
87.1
76.9
74.3
Other
assets
2.2
3.8
82.2
Current
liabilities
(8.2
)
(4.3
)
(8.0)
Non-current
liabilities
(32.1
)
(24.5
)
(13.6)
Net
assets
333.5
342.9
266.9
Operating
expenses
(92.5
)
(79.4
)
(63.8
)
Operating
(loss)
(84.0
)
(72.8
)
(56.2
)
Net
loss
(34.0
)
(16.7
)
(4.9
)
(vii)
Pension
and other post-retirement benefits
In
determining the pension and other post-retirement benefit obligations
for
Brazilian GAAP purposes, NPC No. 26 became effective for financial
statements
ended December 31, 2001. As permitted by the Standard, the transitional
gain or
loss (being the difference between the plan net assets and the
projected benefit
obligation (PBO) at that date was fully recognized as a direct
credit to
retained earnings.
F-66
Under
US
GAAP, SFAS No. 87, Employer's Accounting for Pensions, and SFAS
No. 106 are
effective for fiscal years beginning after 1988 and 1992, respectively.
As from
such dates, when an initial transition obligation determined based
on an
actuarial valuation was booked, actuarial gains and losses, as
well as
unexpected variations in plan assets and the PBO and the effects
of amendments,
settlements and other events, have been recognized in accordance
with these
standards and therefore result in deferral differences. Through
1997, these
amounts were treated as non-monetary and were indexed for
inflation.
Under
Brazilian GAAP, the Company does not record the liability related
to medical,
dental, educational and social assistance provided by the FAHZ,
as they are
considered legally separate entities and under current welfare
foundation
regulation, the surplus of assets over liabilities of FAHZ at December31, 2003
cannot be returned to the Company. Under US GAAP those liabilities
are recorded
as post-retirement benefits. The FAHZ provides such benefits to
current and
retired employees of AmBev and their beneficiaries and covered
dependents (approximately 45,000
beneficiaries and dependents at December 31, 2004 and 40,000 in
2003).
Plan
assets include amounts contributed by AmBev and its employees and
amounts earned
from investing the contributions, less benefits paid. Based on
the actuarial
review of the defined benefits plan which had been closed to new
participants,
the net assets at December 31, 2004 were considered to be in excess
of that
required to meet the projected benefit obligation. Although AmBev
will reduce
future employer contributions to the minimum permitted by law,
Brazilian pension
regulations currently provide no means for returning this surplus
to the
sponsor. In view of this uncertainty, AmBev included in the actuarial
determination of the pension
obligation at December 31, 2004 a valuation allowance of R$195.2
against the
plan assets (R$167.1 in 2003). This allowance impacts the determination
of the
pension charge/benefit.
Under
US
GAAP, as confirmed by a meeting of the AICPA International Practices
Task Force
on November 25, 2002, recording a valuation allowance against a
pension asset is
not appropriate. Accordingly, the valuation allowance was reversed
and inlcuded
in the actuarial gain or loss calculation for purposes of the reconciliation
to
US GAAP.
Based
on
the report of our independent actuary, the funded status and
amounts recorded in
our US GAAP condensed balance sheet and statement of operations
as at and for
the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003
for our
pension and welfare obligations to retirees in accordance with
SFAS No. 132,
Employer's Disclosures about Pensions and other Post-retirement
Benefits, are as
follows:
F-67
Pension
benefits
Benefits
other than pension
2004
2003
2004
2003
Change
in benefit obligation
Projected
benefit obligation at
Beginning
of year
360.7
325.6
338.4
240.3
Acquisition
of Labatt
2,238.9
244.3
Plan participant's contribution
2.4
0.8
Service
cost
16.2
2.1
2.0
Interest
cost
91.4
45.0
47.1
33.5
Actuarial
loss
166.8
23.3
57.0
86.8
Translation
loss
(52.6
)
(5.6
)
Gross
benefits paid
(72.8
)
(36.1
)
(31.1
)
(22.2
)
Special termination benefits
43.2
Curtailments
2.9
Amendments
3.5
-
-
-
Projected
benefit obligation at end of year
2,800.6
360.7
652.1
338.4
Accumulated
benefit obligation
2,532.6
343.7
Change
in plan assets
Fair
value of plan assets
at
beginning of year
501.6
458.7
Acquisition
of Labatt
1,662.2
-
Actual
return on plan assets
279.1
77.3
Employer
contributions
62.8
1.0
Employee
contributions
2.3
0.9
Translation
loss
(38.4
)
-
Gross
benefits paid
(72.8
)
(36.3
)
Fair
value of plan assets at end of year
2,396.8
501.6
Funded
status at end of year
(403.8
)
140.9
(652.3
)
(338.4
)
Unrecognized
net
actuarial
(gain) loss
(75.9
)
(82.7
)
225.3
173.8
Unrecognized
prior service cost
28.4
29.9
3.2
Unrecognized
net transition
obligation
-
0.2
16.7
14.6
Net
amount recognized at end of year
(451.3
)
88.3
(407.1
)
(150.0
)
Long-term
(451.3
)
88.3
(407.1
)
(150.0
)
F-68
The
charge in the statement of operations is comprised as follows:
Pension
benefits
Benefits
other than pension
2004
2003
2002
2004
2003
2002
Components
of net periodic benefit cost
Service
cost
16.2
3.1
3.3
2.0
Interest
cost
91.4
45.0
21.3
47.3
33.5
15.5
Expected
return on assets
(118.8)
(80.1)
(33.3)
Amortization
of
Transition
obligation (asset)
0.3
0.6
0.6
1.6
1.5
1.5
Prior
service cost
4.9
4.9
4.9
0.2
Actuarial
(gain) loss
(2.5)
(5.6)
(8.8)
7.4
4.1
1.7
Employee
contributions
(0.9)
(0.9)
(0.9)
Total
net periodic benefit cost (benefit)
(9.4)
(33.0)
(12.9)
58.5
39.1
18.7
Assumed
health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts
reported
for the welfare plans. A one-percentage-point change in assumed
health care cost
trend rates would have the following effects (all other assumptions
have been
held constant):
AmBev’s
Plans/Labatt’s
Plans
One-percentage-point
increase
One-percentage-point
decrease
2004
2003
2002
2004
2003
2002
Sensitivity
of retiree welfare results
On
total service and interest cost components
5.2/1.3
4.5
3.2
(4.4)/(1.0)
(3.8
)
(2.8
)
On
post-retirement benefit obligation
40.0/12.8
35.1
22.3
(34.1)/(11.3)
(29.7
)
(19.2
)
Under
US
GAAP, we recognized an additional liability related to other post-retirement
benefits totaling R$ 95.8, R$ 77.1 and R$ 79.8 in
2004, 2003 and 2002,
respectively. These amounts do not include the impact of
Labatt's plans
which are recorded as part of the purchase accounting adjustment.
Under
US
GAAP we recognized an additional pension plan asset of R$ 91.8,
R$ 66.3 and
R$ 32.8 in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. These amounts
do not include
the impact of Labatt's plans which are recoreded as part of the
purchase
accounting adjustment.
AmBev’s
pension plan
weighted-average assets allocation at December 31, 2004 and 2003,
by asset
category, are as follows:
Labatt
AmBev
Quebec
Plan
National
and salaried Plans
2004
2003
Debt
securities
62.0%
77.7%
Real
estate
41%
36%
5.0%
Equity
securities
59%
64%
33.0%
22.3%
Total
100%
100%
100.0%
100.0%
The
Company’s investment strategy for its pension plan is to maximize the long-term
rate of return on plan assets within an acceptable level of risk
in order to
minimize the cost of providing pension benefits while maintaining
adequate
funding levels. The Company’s practice is to conduct a strategic review of its
assets allocation strategy every year.
F-69
Included
within
the fair value of the IAPP plan assets as of December 31,2004 are 9,595
thousand of our preferred shares and 88,665 thousand of our
common shares with a
total fair value at December 31, 2004 of R$ 128.4
(R$ 63.4 in
2003).
Assumptions
applied were as follows:
(i)
Weighted-average
assumptions to determine benefit obligations at December 31:
AMBEV
Labatt
2004
Pension
benefits
Benefits
other
than
pension
Pension
Benefits
other
than
pension
2004
2003
2004
2003
Discount
rate
5.75
%
5.75
%
10.9
%
10.9
%
10.9
%
10.9
%
Projected
annual inflation rate
2.00
%
2.00
%
4.1
%
4.1
%
4.1
%
4.1
%
Rate
of compensation increase
3.00
%
7.3
%
7.3
%
7.3
%
7.3
%
Health
care cost trend on covered charges
10.0
%
7.3
%
7.3
%
(ii) Weighted-average
assumptions to determine net periodic benefit cost for years ended
December
31:
AMBEV
Labatt
2004
Pension
benefits
Benefits
other
than pension
Pension
Benefits
other
than
pension
2004
2003
2004
2003
Discount
rate
6.25
%
6.25
%
10.9
%
10.6
%
10.9
%
10.6
%
Projected
annual inflation rate
2.0
%
2.0
%
4.1
%
4.3
%
4.1
%
4.3
%
Expected
return on plan assets
8.0
%
15.0
%
18.0
%
Rate
of compensation increase
3.0
%
7.3
%
7.5
%
7.3
%
7.5
%
Health
care cost trend on covered charges
10.0
%
7.3
%
7.5
%
F-70
Expected
cash flows:
Information
about the expected benefit payments for the Company’s defined benefit plan an
other post-retirement benefits is as follows:
AMBEV'S PLANS
Labatt's
plans
Pension
Benefits
Benefits
other
than
pension
Total
2005
119.3
32.1
30.2
73.7
2006
126.0
32.2
31.8
75.9
2007
133.5
31.9
33.3
77.9
2008
141.0
31.6
34.9
79.8
2009
149.2
31.4
36.4
208.5
2010-2014
837.4
150.3
203.1
432.8
1,506.4
309.5
369.7
954.2
(viii) Earnings
per share
Under
Brazilian GAAP, net income per share is calculated on the number
of shares
outstanding at the balance sheet date, no information is disclosed
on diluted
earnings per share. Information is disclosed per lot of one thousand
shares,
because generally this is the minimum number of shares that can
be traded on the
Brazilian stock exchanges.
Under
US
GAAP, because the preferred and common shareholders have different
voting and
liquidation rights, Basic and Diluted earnings per share have been
calculated
using the "two-class" method, pursuant to SFAS No. 128, Earnings
per Share which
provides computation, presentation and disclosure requirements
for earnings per
share. The "two-class" method is an earnings allocation formula
that determines
earnings per share for preferred and common stock according to
the dividends to
be paid as required by the Company's by-laws and participation
rights in
undistributed earnings. Basic earnings per common share are computed
by dividing
net income by the weighted-average number of common and preferred
shares
outstanding during the period.
The
table
below presents the determination of net income available to common
and preferred
shareholders and weighted average common and preferred shares outstanding
used
to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share for each of the
years
presented.
The inclusion
of the net assets of the FAHZ has had the effect of reducing
the number of
outstanding shares.
For
purposes of computing diluted earnings per share, stock granted
in the stock
ownership plan and stock warrants are assumed to be converted into
preferred or
common shares as of the date of issuance of the security using
the treasury
stock method.
Earnings
per share for all periods have been calculated giving retroactive
effect for the
share dividend distribution of 1 common shares for each 5 common
or preferred
shares held which was paid on May 31, 2005.
F-71
Under
US GAAP
AmBev
2004
2003
2002
Preferred
Common
Total
Preferred
Common
Total
Preferred
Common
Total
Basic
numerator
Actual
dividends declared
307.9
250.5
558.3
535.2
413.6
948.8
110.5
85.8
196.3
Basic
allocated undistributed earnings
459.7
374.0
833.7
417.7
322.9
740.6
814.5
631.4
1,445.9
Allocated
net income available for common and preferred shareholders
767.6
624.4
1,392.0
952.9
736.5
1,689.4
925.0
717.2
1,642.2
Basic
denominator (in thousand of shares)
Weighted
average shares - AmBev
25,375,493
26,139,315
51,514,808
22,371,249
22,421,904
44,793,153
22,640,577
22,577,466
45,218,043
Weighted
average shares held by FAHZ/
(405,072
)
(3,794,205
)
(4,199,277
)
(419,053
)
(3,757,548
)
(4,176,601
)
(467,319
)
(3,668,559
)
(4,135,878
)
Weighted
average outstanding shares, net
24,970,421
22,345,110
47,315,531
21,952,196
18,664,356
40,616,552
22,173,258
18,908,907
41,082,165
Basic
earnings per thousand
shares
- US GAAP (*) (whole reais)
- R$
30.74
27.94
43.41
39.46
41.72
37.93
Diluted
numerator
Actual
dividends declared
308.8
249.5
558.3
537.2
411.6
948.8
111.0
85.3
196.3
Diluted
allocated undistributed earnings
461.1
372.6
833.7
419.3
321.3
740.6
817.8
628.2
1,445.9
Allocated
net income available for common and preferred
shareholders
769.9
622.1
1,392.0
956.5
732.9
1,689.4
928.7
713.4
1,642.2
Diluted
denominator
Stock
ownership plan
216,156
216,156
250,579
250,579
268,485
268,485
Diluted
weighted average shares (in thousands)
25,186,577
22,388,341
47,574,918
22,202,775
18,714,472
40.917,247
22,441,743
18,962,604
41,404,347
Diluted
earnings per thousand
shares
- US GAAP (*) (whole reais) - R$
30.57
27.79
43.08
39.16
41.38
37.62
(*) Preferred
shareholders are entitled to receive per share dividends of at
least 10% greater
than the per share dividends paid to common shareholders. Undistributed
earnings, therefore, have been allocated to common and preferred
shareholders on
a 100 to 110 basis, respectively, based upon the weighted average
number of
shares outstanding during the period to total shares (allocation
percentage).
Common and preferred shareholders share equally in undistributed
losses.
F-72
(ix)
Foreign
exchange gain (loss) from translation of
foreign subsidiaries
Under
Brazilian GAAP, gains or losses arising from the translation of
our foreign
subsidiaries for purposes of consolidation are recorded in
earnings.
Under
US
GAAP, we record these gains or losses directly to our shareholders’ equity as
cumulative translation adjustments, a component of other comprehensive
income.
(x)
Income
taxes
Under
Brazilian GAAP, the deferred income tax asset represents the probable
estimated
amount to be recovered. In addition, deferred income taxes are
presented gross
rather than being netted.
Under
US
GAAP, deferred taxes are accrued on all temporary tax differences.
Valuation
allowances are established when it is not more likely than not
that tax losses
will be recovered. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified
as current
or long-term based on the classification of the asset or liability
underlying
the temporary difference. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities
are netted
rather than presented gross.
As
discussed in Note 18(b), as part of the 1997 Pepsi transaction
we acquired the
conditional right to certain tax related assets. As we had not
utilized the
assets within the period which expired on October 21, 2002, any
future benefit
from these assets accrues entirely to AmBev.
We
recorded these tax credits during 2003 for purposes of Brazilian
GAAP, under the
more stringent probability tests and CVM regulations. Under US
GAAP, we recorded
this tax benefit in 2002 as recovery was then considered to be
more likely than
not.
(xi)
Provision
for dividends and interest attributable to own capital
Under
Brazilian GAAP, at each year-end, management is required to propose
a dividend
distribution from earnings and accrue for it in the financial statements.
Under
Brazilian GAAP, companies are permitted to distribute or capitalize
an amount of
interest, subject to certain limitations, calculated based on a
government
interest rate, on shareholders' equity. Such amounts are deductible
for tax
purposes and are presented as a deduction from shareholders'
equity.
Under
US
GAAP, since proposed dividends may be ratified or modified at the
annual
Shareholders' Meeting, such dividends would not be considered as
declared at the
balance sheet date and would therefore not be accrued. However,
interim
dividends paid or interest credited to shareholders as capital
remuneration
under Brazilian legislation would be considered as declared for
US GAAP
purposes.
At
December 31, 2004 the provision of R$ 992.9
(R$ 280.2 in 2003 and R$ 341.4 in 2002) for proposed
dividends was
reversed under US GAAP.
F-73
(xii)
Stock ownership
plan
Under
Brazilian GAAP, the rights to acquire AmBev's shares granted to
employees,
officers and directors under the stock ownership plan does not
result in any
expense being recorded. The purchase of the stock by the employees
is recorded
as an increase in capital stock for the amount of the purchase
price.
Under
US
GAAP, in accordance with APB 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees, the
rights to acquire AmBev's shares granted under the stock ownership
plan is
deemed to give rise to compensation expense to the extent of the
excess market
price of the shares over the purchase price to employees, officers
and
directors. Unearned compensation expense is calculated at the end
of each year
using the expected number of awards outstanding. These awards are
multiplied by
the year-end market price less the employees' expected share price.
The
incremental change in compensation cost is then amortized as a
charge to expense
over the periods in which the employees perform the related services;
such
periods normally include a vesting period.
In
addition, under US GAAP pro forma disclosures of net income and
earnings per
share are presented under the fair value method of accounting.
Under this
method, fair value is determined using a pricing model (Black -
Scholes), which
takes into account the stock price at the grant date, the purchase
price, the
expected life of the award, the volatility of the underlying stock,
the expected
dividends, and the risk-free interest rate over the expected life
of the
award.
For
purposes of the reconciliation, additional charges were recognized
under US GAAP
in the amounts of R$ 14.3, R$ 32.0 and R$ 17.7 in
2004, 2003 and 2002,
respectively.
(xiii)
Advances
to employees for purchase of shares
Under
Brazilian GAAP, advances to employees for purchase of shares are
recorded as an
asset and the interest accrued credited to income.
Under
US
GAAP, as the advances are collaterized by the stock issued under
the stock
ownership plan, the loan is reported as a deduction from shareholders'
equity.
For
purposes of the reconciliation, shareholders' equity is reduced
under US GAAP by
R$ 175.2, R$ 234.7 and R$ 324.8 in 2004, 2003 and
2002,
respectively.
(xiv)
Accounting
for derivative instruments
Under
Brazilian GAAP, derivative instruments are recorded at the lower
of cost plus
accrued interest and fair market value. Additionally, unrealized
gains or losses
arising from transactions, which are designated as hedge instruments,
entered to
mitigate risks on purchase of raw materials, are deferred and recognized
in the
statement of operations when realized.
F-74
Under
US
GAAP, SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities
establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments
and
for hedging activities. It requires that an entity recognize all
derivatives as
either assets or liabilities and measure those instruments at fair
value.
For
purposes of the reconciliation, we have recorded unrealized losses
totaling
R$ 199.0 in our earnings under US GAAP, arising
from the
mark-to-market adjustment on our derivative instruments at December31, 2004
Unrealized losses of R$ 153.8 in 2003)
(xv)
Short-term
investments
Under
Brazilian GAAP, our short-term investments are recorded at the
balance sheet
dates at the lower of cost plus interest and market value.
For
US
GAAP purposes, our short-term investments in debt securities are
classified
under guidance of SFAS No.115 "Accounting for Certain Investments
in Debt and
Equity Securities" as either trading securities or available for
sale
securities.
Our
securities classified as Trading are measured at fair value at
the balance sheet
dates, and unrealized gains (losses) are included in earnings.
During 2004, we
reversed
the R$ 6.5 gain recorded during 2003 for US GAAP as these securities
were
sold.
Our
securities classified as Available for Sale are measured at fair
value at the
balance sheet dates, interest is recorded in income as incurred
and unrealized
gains (losses) are included directly in shareholders’ equity as Other
comprehensive income (loss). At December31, 2004, the amount of R$ 17.7 was recorded in Other comprehensive
income
as Unrealized gain from available for sale debt securities (47.7
in 2003).
Additionally
our securities provided as guarantees in connection with the issuance
of bonds
in the amount of R$ nil (R$
28.9
in 2003) are presented as restricted cash in the condensed consolidated
US GAAP
balance sheet.
(xvi)
Classification
of statement of operations line
items
Under
Brazilian GAAP, in addition to the issues noted above, the classification
of
certain income and expense items is presented differently from
US GAAP.
We
have
recast our statement of operations under the Brazilian GAAP to
present a
condensed statement of operations in accordance with US GAAP (Note
24(d)(ii)).
We
have
also incorporated the net income (loss) differences between Brazilian
GAAP and
US GAAP (Note 24 (b)(i)), in the statement of operations in accordance
with US
GAAP.
F-75
The
reclassifications are summarized as follows:
·
Interest
income and interest expense, together with other financial
charges, are
displayed within operating income in the statement of
operations presented
in accordance with Brazilian GAAP. Such amounts have
been reclassified to
non-operating income and expenses in the condensed statement
of operations
in accordance with US GAAP.
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, gains and losses on the disposal or impairment
of
permanent assets are classified as non-operating income
(expense). Under
US GAAP, gains and losses on the disposal or impairment
of property, plant
and equipment are classified as an adjustment to operating
income.
·
Employee
profit sharing expenses have been classified after non-operating
expenses
in the consolidated statement of operations in accordance
with Brazilian
GAAP. Such amounts have been reclassified to operating
expenses in the
condensed consolidated statement of operations in accordance
with US
GAAP.
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, certain credits arising from sales tax
are recorded in
operating income. Under US GAAP these are adjusted against
net sales, as a
Sales tax deduction.
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, charges arising from provision for contingencies
are
presented in a single line item in operating expense.
Under US GAAP,
provisions for contingencies are recorded in the statement
of operations
based on the type of contingency.
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, jointly controlled entities must be consolidated
using the
proportional consolidation method. Proportional consolidation
requires
that the share of the assets, liabilities, income and
expenses are
combined on a line-by line basis with similar items in
the Company's
financial statements. Under US GAAP, jointly controlled
entities are
recorded under the equity method. The prorated accounts
of our jointly
controlled affiliates have not been combined in the condensed
consolidated
US GAAP balance sheet and statements of
operations.
·
Under
Brazilian
GAAP, shipping and handling costs, representing R$ 409.2
R$ 324.1, and R$ 264.2, respectively, for
the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002, are expensed as incurred
and classified
as selling expenses in the income statement. Under US
GAAP, pursuant to
the requirements of the Emerging Issues Task Force -
EITF Issue No. 00-10,
these expenses were reclassified to cost of
sales.
F-76
·
In
order to obtain more prominent and accessible shelf space
for its
products, AmBev pays distributors and retailers to place
our products in
premium positions. The Company also pays bonuses and
gives discounts to
increase sales, normally processed in the form of cash
payments. Under
Brazilian GAAP, these costs are classified as selling
and marketing
expenses. Under US GAAP, pursuant to the EITF 01-09 these
costs are
reclassified reducing net revenues.
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, unrealized gains or losses arising from
foreign currency
and commodities swaps entered to mitigate prices and
foreign exchange
risks on purchase of raw material, designated
as hedge instruments
are deferred and recognized in the statement of operations
as Cost of
sales upon realization.
For US GAAP, as these instruments do not meet the qualifying
criteria for
hedge accounting under SFAS No. 133, these gains or losses,
due to changes
in fair value of swaps, are recorded as Financial income
or Financial
expense. The
total amount reclassified were R$ 14.0, R$ 82.3
and R$ 345.6,
for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002,
respectively.
(xvii)
Classification
of balance sheet line items
Under
Brazilian GAAP, the classification of certain balance sheet items
is presented
differently from US GAAP. We have eliminated the effects of the
proportional
consolidation of our investment in Quinsa and certain other affiliates
and
reflected our investment in these affiliates on a single line item
(Investment
in affiliates) in the recast balance sheet under US GAAP.
We
have
recast our consolidated balance sheet under Brazilian GAAP to present
a
condensed consolidated balance sheet in accordance with US GAAP
(Note 24
(d)(i)). The reclassifications are summarized as follows:
·
Under
US GAAP certain deferred charges were reclassified to
property, plant and
equipment, accordingly to their
nature.
·
Under
US GAAP certain property, plant and equipment were reclassified
to
intangible assets, according to their
nature.
·
Under
Brazilian GAAP, deferred income taxes are not netted
and assets are shown
separately from liabilities. For US GAAP purposes, deferred
tax assets and
liabilities are netted and classified as current or non-current
based on
the classification of the underlying temporary
difference.
F-77
(b)
Reconciliation
of the differences between Brazilian GAAP and US GAAP
In
January 2003, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of
Variable Interest Entities - an Interpretation of ARB No. 51”, or FIN
No. 46. FIN No. 46 clarifies the application of Accounting
Research
Bulletin No. 51, “Consolidated Financial Statements”, to certain entities
in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a
controlling
financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for
the entity to
finance its activities without additional subordinated financial
support from
other parties. FIN No. 46 explains how to identify variable
interests
entities and how an enterprise assesses its interests in a variable
interest
entity to decide whether to consolidate that entity. It requires
existing
unconsolidated variable interest entities to be consolidated by
their primary
beneficiaries if the entities do not effectively disperse risks
among parties
involved. It also requires certain disclosures by the primary beneficiary
of a
variable interest entity and by an enterprise that holds significant
variable
interests in a variable interest entity where the enterprise is
not the primary
beneficiary. FIN No. 46 is effective immediately to variable
interest
entities created after January 31, 2003 and to variable interest
entities in
which an enterprise obtains an interest after that date, and effective
for the
first fiscal year or interim period beginning after June 15, 2003
to variable
interest entities in which an enterprise holds a variable interest
that it
acquired before February 1, 2003. FIN No. 46 requires an
entity to disclose
certain information regarding a variable interest entity, if when
the
Interpretation becomes effective, it is reasonably possible that
an enterprise
will consolidate or have to disclose information about that variable
interest
entity, regardless of the date on which the variable entity interest
was
created. Adoption of this rule did not have any material impact
on the Company’s
financial statements.
(iii)
Recent
US GAAP accounting pronouncements
In
November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151, Inventory Costs
an amendment of ARB
No. 43, Chapter 4, which amends Chapter 4 of ARB No. 43 that
addresses inventory
pricing. This statement clarifies the accounting for abnormal
amounts of idle
facility expenses, freight, handling costs, and spoilage. Under
previous
guidance, paragraph 5 of ARB No. 43, chapter 4, items such as
idle facility
expense, excessive spoilage, double freight, and rehandling costs
that are
considered to be “so abnormal” are treated as current period charges. This
statement requires that those items be recognized as current-period
charges
regardless of whether they meet the criterion of “so abnormal.” In
addition, this Statement requires that allocation of fixed production
overheads
to the costs of
F-79
conversion
be based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. The
provisions of
this Statement shall be effective for inventory costs incurred
during fiscal
years beginning after June 15, 2005. Earlier application is permitted
for
inventory costs incurred during fiscal years beginning after the
date this
Statement is issued. The provisions of this Statement shall be
applied
prospectively. Management is currently analyzing the requirements
of this new
statement to determine the impact that its adoption will have on
the Company’s
financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In
December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued
Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 153, "Exchanges of Non-monetary
Assets - an
amendment of APB Opinion No. 29" (“SFAS 153”), which amends Accounting
Principles Board Opinion No. 29, "Accounting for Non-monetary Transactions"
to
eliminate the exception for non-monetary exchanges of similar productive
assets
and replaces it with a general exception for exchanges of non-monetary
assets
that do not have commercial substance. SFAS 153 is effective for
non-monetary
assets exchanges occurring in fiscal periods beginning after June15, 2005.
Management will
apply this statement in the event that exchanges of non-monetary
assets occur in
fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005.
In
December 2004, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards
("SFAS") No. 123 (revised 2004), "Share-Based Payments" or SFAS
123R. This
statement eliminates the option to apply the intrinsic value measurement
provisions of Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25,
"Accounting
for Stock Issued to Employees" to stock compensation awards issued
to employees.
Rather, SFAS 123R requires companies to measure the cost of employee
services
received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on
the grant-date
fair value of the award. That cost will be recognized over the
period during
which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for
the award--the
requisite service period (usually the vesting period). SFAS 123R
applies to all
awards granted after the required effective date and to awards
modified,
repurchased, or cancelled after that date. SFAS 123R will be effective
for the
Company’s fiscal year ending December 31, 2006. The Company has not yet
quantified the effect of the future adoption of SFAS 123R on a
going forward
basis.
In
May
2005, the FASB issued Statement No. 154. This statement replaces
APB Opinion No.
20, Accounting Changes, and FASB Statement No. 3, Reporting Accounting
Changes
in Interim Financial Statements, and changes the requirements for
the accounting
for and reporting of a change in accounting principle. The Statement
applies to
all voluntary changes in accounting principle and to changes required
by an
accounting pronouncement in the unusual instance that
the
pronouncement does not include specific transition provisions.
Contrary to
Opinion 20 that previously required that most voluntary changes
in accounting
principle be recognized by including in net income of the period
of the change
the cumulative effect of changing to the new accounting principle,
this
Statement requires retrospective application to prior periods’ financial
statements of changes in accounting principle, unless it is impracticable
to
determine either the period-specific effects or the cumulative
effect of the
change. When it is impracticable to determine the period-specific
effects of an
accounting change on one or more
F-80
individual
prior periods presented, this Statement requires that the new accounting
principle be applied to the balances of assets and liabilities
as of the
beginning of the earliest period for which retrospective application
is
practicable and that a corresponding adjustment be made to the
opening balance
of retained earnings for that period rather than being reported
in an income
statement. When it is impracticable to determine the cumulative
effect of
applying a change in accounting principle to all prior periods,
this Statement
requires that the new accounting principle be applied as if it
were adopted
prospectively from the earliest date practicable.
This
Statement carries forward without change the guidance contained
in Opinion 20
for reporting the correction of an error in previously issued financial
statements and a change in accounting estimate. This Statement
also carries
forward the guidance in Opinion 20 requiring justification of a
change in
accounting principle on the basis of preferability.
This
Statement shall be effective for accounting changes and corrections
of errors
made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. Early adoption
is
permitted for accounting changes and corrections of errors made
in fiscal years
beginning after the date this Statement is issued. Management will
apply this
statement in the event that exchanges of nonmonetary assets occur
in fiscal
periods beginning after December 15, 2005.
In
March
2005, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 47. This interpretation
clarifies that
the term conditional asset retirement obligation as used in FASB
Statement No.
143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations, refers to a legal
obligation
to perform an asset retirement activity in which the timing and
(or) method of
settlement are conditional on a future event that may or may not
be within the
control of the entity. The Interpretation was issued in order to
minimize the
diverse accounting practices that have developed with respect to
the timing of
liability recognition for legal obligations associated with the
retirement of a
tangible long-lived asset when the timing and (or) method of settlement
of the
obligation are conditional on a future event. This Interpretation
clarifies that
an entity is required to recognize a liability for the fair value
of a
conditional asset retirement obligation when it is incurred if
the liability’s
fair value can be reasonably estimated.
The
Interpretation is effective no later than the end of the fiscal
years ending
after December 15, 2005 (December 31, 2005 for calendar-year enterprises).
Management has previously evaluated the application of FASB Statement
No. 143 to
its operations and concluded that no material effects would be
expected.
Management
will consider this Interpretation in 2005 in the event a conditional
asset
retirement obligation arises.
F-81
(iv)
Additional
information - stock ownership plan
2004
2003
Range
of purchase prices for outstanding awards
70.93
- 568.65
70.93
- 494.87
Weighted
average market price per share (based on quoted market
value at date
granted) for awards granted during the year
670.17
558.57
Weighted
average exercise price of awards granted in the year
568.65
479.97
Weighted
average grant-date intrinsic value of awards granted
during year
(difference between quoted market price and purchase
price)
101.52
78.60
2004
2003
Weighted-average
purchase prices
At
beginning of year
421.09
313.75
Granted
568.65
479.97
Exercised
289.75
298.63
Forfeited
431.20
328.33
At
end of year
431.03
421.09
Outstanding
and exercisable
Range
of 2003
Number
of shares (thousands)
Weighted
- average purchase prices(*)
purchase
prices (*)
2004
2003
2002
2004
2003
2002
70.93
- 96.18
9,955
16,420
3,038
94.34
91.21
57.49
96.19
- 139.24
5,573
8,100
42,061
139.24
139.24
93.73
139.25
- 196.93
16,466
23,997
92,254
184.62
184.62
166.06
196.94
- 226.74
79,584
97,094
140,803
96.12
212.94
226.74
226.75
- 477.30
159,123
194,652
352,144
474.53
474.05
411.65
477.31
- 494.87
371,335
393,426
10,500
480.13
480.25
450.19
494.88
- 568.65
9,000
568.65
651,036
733,689
640,800
431.03
421.09
313.75
(*) Expressed
in whole reais.
(iv)
Pro
forma fair value effects of stock ownership
plan
We
have
calculated the pro forma effects of accounting for the stock ownership
plan in
accordance with SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock Based Compensation.
Had
compensation cost for the Plan been determined based on the fair
value at the
grant date in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123, our
US GAAP net
income and earnings per thousand shares would have been as follows:
F-82
2004
2003
2004
Net
income - US GAAP
1,392.0
1,689.4
1,642.2
(+)
Compensation cost under APB 25
14.2
32.0
17.7
(-)
Compensation cost under SFAS No. 123
(27.4
)
(57.4
)
(40.8
)
1,378.8
1,664.0
1,619.1
Earnings
per thousand shares - pro forma (whole
reais) - R$
Basic
Preferred
30.45
42.75
41.13
Common
27.68
38.87
37.39
Diluted
Preferred
30.28
42.43
40.80
Common
27.52
38.57
37.09
These
pro
forma results are not necessarily indicative of future amounts.
The
fair
value of each award granted was estimated on the date of grant
using the Black -
Scholes pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions
used for
grants in 2004: dividend yield - 1.21% (3.0% in 2003 and 1.7%
in 2002), expected
volatility - 32% (33% in 2003 and 43% in 2002), risk-free interest
rate-nominal
terms - 16.4% (18.7% in 2003 and 16.8% in 2002) and expected
lives of three
years for all periods.
2004
2003
2002
Fair
value of awards granted in the year measured using the
Black & Scholes
pricing model (R$ per thousand shares)
307.7
337.8
335.8
Total
fair value of awards granted in the year
2.8
130.4
3.5
(d)
US
GAAP
condensed financial information
Based
on
the reconciling items and discussion above, the AmBev consolidated
balance
sheet, statement of operations, and statement of changes in shareholders'
equity
under US GAAP have been recast in condensed format as follows:
F-83
(i)
Condensed
balance sheets under US GAAP
Assets
2004
2003
Current
assets
Cash
and cash equivalents
1,007.1
1,151.7
Restricted
cash
274.8
309.4
Short
term investments
212.1
1,359.4
Unrealized
gain on derivatives
258.7
Trade
accounts receivable, net
749.4
671.9
Taxes
recoverable
643.6
765.3
Inventories
915.7
829.1
Other
379.0
407.2
4,181.7
5,752.7
Investments
Investment
in affiliates, including goodwill
1,711.4
1,921.6
Other
13.3
16.9
1,724.7
1,938.5
Goodwill
and intangible assets, net
17,125.7
1,119.7
Property,
plant and equipment, net
3,750.1
2,653.0
Other
assets
Deferred
income tax
1,889.4
1,359.6
Prepaid
pension cost
112.4
88.3
Restricted
deposits for legal proceedings
407.1
352.9
Assets
held for sale
113.3
142.0
Other
355.1
359.3
Total
assets
29,659.5
13,766.0
Liabilities
and shareholders' equity
2004
2003
Current
liabilities
Suppliers
671.5
657.1
Taxes
on income payable
419.7
530.5
Other
taxes payable
763.1
713.4
Short-term
debt
1,155.9
400.5
Current
portion of long-term debt
216.1
1,427.4
Other
937.9
325.5
4,164.2
4,054.4
Long-term
liabilities
Long-term
debt
3,262.9
3,664.6
Accrued
liability for contingencies
1,246.1
999.6
Sales
tax deferrals
275.7
231.8
Post-retirement
benefits
849.1
150.0
Other
2,022.0
203.9
7,655.8
5,249.9
Minority
interest
119.2
78.8
Shareholders'
equity
17,720.3
4,382.9
Total
liabilities and shareholders' equity
29,659.5
13,766.0
F-84
(ii)
Condensed
statements of operations under US
GAAP
2004
2003
2002
Net
sales
9,377.9
7,929.4
7,310.4
Cost
of sales
(4,272.8
)
(3,997.1
)
(3,900.2
)
Gross
profit
5,105.1
3,932.3
3,410.2
Operating
income (expenses)
Selling
and marketing
(1,382.4
)
(989.7
)
(928.3
)
General
and administrative
(1,161.1
)
(790.4
)
(910.9
)
Other
operating expense, net
317.1
(114.0
)
(1.8
)
Operating
income
2,878.7
2,038.2
1,569.2
Non-operating
income (expenses)
(957.4
)
86.8
(332.9
)
Financial
income (expense), net
(168.3
)
(101.8
)
(59.3
)
Other
non-operating expense, net
(1,125.7
)
(15.0
)
(392.2
)
Income
before income tax, equity in
affiliates
and minority interest
1,753.0
2,023.2
1,177.0
Income
tax benefit (expense)
Current
(137.3
)
(652.3
)
(123.4
)
Deferred
(24.9
)
153.1
548.4
(162.2
)
(499.2
)
425.0
Income
before equity in affiliates and minority interest
1,590.8
1,524.0
1,602.0
Equity
in earnings (losses) of affiliates
(209.3
)
155.8
(6.5
)
Minority
interest
10.5
9.6
46.7
Net
income
1,392.0
1,689.4
1,642.2
(iii)
Statement
of comprehensive income
Under
Brazilian GAAP, the concept of comprehensive income is not
recognized.
Under
US
GAAP, SFAS No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income, requires the
disclosure of
comprehensive income. Comprehensive income is comprised of net
income and other
comprehensive income that include charges or credits directly to
equity which
are not the result of transactions with owners. For AmBev, the
components of the
comprehensive income are (i) the adjustment related to the gains
and losses
arising on the translation to reais of the financial statements
of foreign
subsidiaries upon consolidation, and (ii) unrealized gains on available
for sale
securities, net of tax.
F-85
2004
2003
2002
Net
income
1,392.0
1,689.4
1,642.2
Unrealized
gains on available
for
sale securities, net of tax of R$ 6.0 (R$ 18.9
in
2003)
Condensed
statement of changes in shareholders' equity under US
GAAP
2004
2003
2002
At
beginning of the year
4.382.9
3,960.6
2,839.9
Capital
increase
14,261.8
77.4
101.9
Treasury
shares acquired
(1,639.6
)
(330.7
)
(370.7
)
Additional
paid-in capital
14.2
32.5
17.7
Premium
received on sale of options
2.5
11.7
Repayments
(advances) to employees for purchase of shares
59.5
90.1
(109.5
)
Other
comprehensive income
(194.7
)
(187.6
)
23.6
Net
income
1,392.0
1,689.4
1,642.2
Dividends
and interest attributed to
shareholders'
equity declared
(558.3
)
(948.8
)
(196.2
)
At
end of the year
17,720.3
4.382.9
3,960.6
25 SEGMENT
REPORTING
Under
Brazilian GAAP, no separate segment reporting is required.
Under
US
GAAP, SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise
and Related
Information, defines operating segments as components of an enterprise
for which
separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly
as a means
for assessing segment performance and allocating resources to segments.
A
measure of profit or loss, total assets and other related information
are
required to be disclosed for each operating segment. In addition,
this standard
requires the annual disclosure of information concerning revenues
derived from
the enterprise's products or services, countries in which it earns
revenues or
hold assets, and major customers. AmBev's business is comprised
of four main
segments: AmBev Brazil (dividend into Brazil beer, Brazil carbonated
soft drinks
and non-alcoholic non-carbonated (NANC) beverages, and Brazil other
products,
Hispanic Latin America, operations excluding Quinsa - HILA
-ex, Quinsa and
North America (Labatt). We have reclassified prior periods
to disclose our
NANC segment together with our Carbonated soft drinks segment.
SFAS
No.
131 requires that segment data be presented in the US GAAP financial
statements
on the basis of the internal information that is used by management
for making
operating decisions, including allocation of resources among segments,
and
segment performance. This information is derived from our statutory
accounting
records which are maintained in
F-86
accordance
with Brazilian GAAP. Certain expenses were not allocated to the
segments. These
unallocated expenses are corporate overheads, minority interests,
income taxes
and financial interest income and expense. Certain operating units
do not
separate operational expenses, total assets, depreciation and amortization.
These amounts were allocated based on gross sales revenue.
2004
2003
2002
Net
sales
Beer
6,907.4
6,114.6
5,546.4
Carbonated
soft drinks and NANC
1,462.8
1,332.1
1,228.9
Others
155.7
191.0
153.7
AmBev
Brazil
8,525.9
7,637.7
6,929.0
Quinsa
1,153.0
773.7
HILA
- Ex
769.1
272.4
396.3
North
America
1,558.8
Total
consolidated
12,006.8
8,683.8
7,325.3
Cost
of sales
Beer
(2,467.0
)
(2,503.6
)
(2,237.1
)
Carbonated
soft drinks and NANC
(820.5
)
(887.3
)
(809.0
)
Others
(81.1
)
(118.6
)
(81.6
)
AmBev
Brazil
(3,368.6
)
(3,509.5
)
(3,127.7
)
Quinsa
(510.3
)
(387.3
)
HILA
- Ex
(399.2
)
(147.5
)
(214.0
)
North
America
(502.4
)
Total
consolidated
(4,780.5
)
(4,044.2
)
(3,341.7
)
Selling
and marketing expenses
Beer
(736.5
)
(534.0
)
(467.8
)
Carbonated
soft drinks and NANC
(97.2
)
(93.9
)
(145.1
)
Others
(15.6
)
AmBev
Brazil
(833.7
)
(627.9
)
(628.5
)
Quinsa
(210.8
)
(159.8
)
HILA
- Ex
(127.1
)
(59.4
)
(58.7
)
North
America
(411.2
)
Total
consolidated
(1,582.8
)
(847.1
)
(687.2
)
Direct
distribution expense
Beer
(618.0
)
(480.4
)
(363.0
)
Carbonated
soft drinks and NANC
(135.2
)
(124.8
)
(109.1
)
Others
(1.6
)
AmBev
Brazil
(753.2
)
(605.2
)
(473.7
)
Quinsa
-
-
-
HILA
- Ex
(88.3
)
(43.4
)
(63.7
)
North
America
(27.4
)
Total
consolidated
(868.9
)
(648.6
)
(537.4
)
F-87
General
and administrative expenses
Beer
(372.7
)
(328.1
)
(326.8
)
Carbonated
soft drinks and NANC
(14.0
)
(16.2
)
(13.1
)
Others
(2.9
)
(4.2
)
(6.5
)
AmBev
Brazil
(389.6
)
(348.5
)
(346.4
)
Quinsa
(50.0
)
(38.4
)
HILA
- Ex
(80.2
)
(30.9
)
(27.1
)
North
America
(98.1
)
Total
consolidated
(617.9
)
(417.9
)
(373.5
)
Depreciation
and amortization expenses (*)
Beer
(330.7
)
(339.1
)
(275.5
)
Carbonated
soft drinks and NANC
(109.5
)
(16.7
)
(36.1
)
Others
(4.1
)
(7.3
)
AmBev
Brazil
(440.2
)
(359.9
)
(318.9
)
Quinsa
(42.8
)
(31.6
)
HILA
- Ex
(39.2
)
(28.5
)
(15.7
)
North
America
(19.3
)
Total
consolidated
(541.5
)
(420.0
)
(334.6
)
Less
Provisions
for contingencies and other
(260.2
)
(187.9
)
(123.7
)
Other
operating income, net
(420.9
)
(240.1
)
199.4
Financial
income (expense), net
(776.4
)
93.1
(747.0
)
Non-operating
income (expense), net
(333.9
)
(100.7
)
(72.2
)
Income
tax benefit (expense), net
(511.8
)
(426.1
)
280.6
Profit
sharing and contributions
(152.4
)
(23.6
)
(125.1
)
Minority
interest
(3.7
)
(2.9
)
47.4
Equity
in results of Quinsa (proportionally
consolidated)
5.6
(6.2
)
Net
income
1,161.5
1,411.6
1,510.3
Revenues
from no individual customer represented more than 10% of our net
sales.
Information on our geographic areas is as follows:
2004
2003
Total
property, plant and equipment
AmBev
Brazil
2,590.0
2,788.7
Quinsa
750.1
747.1
HILA
- Ex
951.5
630.5
North
America
1.240.1
5.531.7
4,166.3
Total
segment assets
Beer
7,371.7
7,370.0
Carbonated
soft drinks and NANC
2,237.5
2,046.2
Others
786.6
860.8
F-88
Quinsa
942.7
1,802.1
HILA
- Ex
1,744.1
391.3
North
America
4,663,8
General
corporate assets
15,270.1
2,359.7
Total
assets
33,016.5
14,830.1
Total
assets by location
Brazil
25,665.9
12,636.7
Quinsa
942.7
1,802.1
HILA
- Ex
1,744.1
391.3
North
America
4,663.8
Total
assets
33,016.5
14,830.1
(*)
Relates primarily to administrative assets and amortization of
deferred charges;
excludes depreciation of production assets and amortization of
goodwill,
included in Other operating income, net.
26 CONSOLIDATING
SCHEDULES
In
connection with an issuance of Notes by CBB in 2001and
2003 in the United
States of America and international markets under rule 144-A and
Regulation S
(Note 10), we are presenting, pursuant to Rule 3-10 of Regulation
S-X of the
SEC, condensed consolidating financial information in Brazilian
GAAP, of certain
entities with which we are co-guarantors.
The
financial information regarding AmBev Holding is unconsolidated.
The financial
information regarding CBB is consolidated.
We
believe that the condensed consolidating financial information,
as presented
below, provides an appropriate level of financial information to
investors.
F-89
(a)
Consolidating
schedules for the year ended December
31,
2004
(i)
Condensed
consolidated balances sheet
AmBev
Holding
CBB
Labatt
ApS
Other
Consolidating
adjustments
Consolidated
Assets
Current
assets
Cash
and cash equivalents
1.6
1,163.2
125.5
0.6
1,290.9
Short-term
investments
213.9
0.6
214.5
Trade
accounts receivable, net
1,143.8
213.6
2.7
1,360.1
Receivable
froma affiliates
111.7
323.8
5.9
(441.4
)
Dividends
and interest attributed
to
shareholders’ equity
709.1
(709.1
)
Taxes
recoverable
71.8
564.1
6.5
11.9
654.3
Inventories
1,037.7
333.3
9.9
1,380.9
Other
1.0
390.9
80.2
11.9
(5.1
)
478.9
783.5
4,625.3
1,082.9
43.5
(1,155.6
)
5,379.6
Non-current
assets
Receivables
from affiliates
Companies
4,916.5
357.7
(5,274.2
)
Deferred
income tax
447.6
1,512.5
256.3
0.2
2,216.6
Other
taxes recoverable
85.0
277.2
0.1
362.3
Other
207.8
819.7
0.1
1,027.6
740.4
7,525.9
256.3
358.1
(5,274.2
)
3,606.5
Permanent
assets
Investments
CBB
5,067.8
(5,067.8
)
Labatt
14,423.8
(14,423.8
)
Investments
in affiliates - 100%
Interest
333.2
(333.2
)
Goodwill
and negative goodwill
234.1
1,433.9
16,502.4
18,170.4
Other
65.9
(54.6
)
22.9
34.2
20,124.8
1,379.3
16,525.3
(19,824.8
)
18,204.6
Property,
plant and equipment
4,267.2
1,240.1
24.4
5,531.7
Deferred
charges
287.6
3.1
3.4
294.1
Total
assets
21,648.7
18,085.3
19,107.7
429.4
(26,254.6
)
33,016.5
F-90
AmBev
Holding
CBB
Labatt
ApS
Other
Consolidating
adjustments
Consolidated
Liabilities
and shareholders' equity
Current
liabilities
Suppliers
847.9
198.2
1.6
1,047.7
Loans
and financing
1,528.4
1,914.7
3,443.1
Unrealized
losses on derivatives
409.1
409.1
Payable
to affiliates
3,336.1
2,957.7
14.1
22.0
(6,328.7
)
1.2
Payroll
and related charges
4.5
133.3
113.7
0.4
251.9
Taxes
on income payable
391.7
193.0
65.9
650.6
Other
taxes payable
66.9
721.3
192.0
3.1
983.3
Dividends
payable
995.4
3.5
998.9
Other
4.8
420.6
559.1
1.4
985.9
4,407.7
7,413.5
3,184.8
94.4
(6,328.7
)
8,771.7
Long-term
liabilities
Loans
and financing
3,536.4
831.2
4,367.6
Accrued
liability for contingencies
140.1
1,330.6
0.3
1,471.0
Sales
tax deferrals
275.7
275.7
Other
368.4
667.9
(100.0
)
936.3
140.1
5,511.1
1,499.1
0.3
(100.0
)
7,050.6
Minority
interest
198.3
198.3
Shareholders'
equity
17,100.9
4,962.4
14,423.8
334.7
(19,825.9
)
16,995.9
Total
liabilities and shareholders' equity
21,648.7
18,085.3
19,107.7
429.4
(26,254.6
)
33,016.5
F-91
(ii)
Condensed
consolidated statements of operations for the year ended
December 31,2004
AmBev
Holding
CBB
Labatt
ApS
Other
Consolidating
adjustments
Consolidated
Net
sales
10,437.6
1,558.9
427.8
(417.5
)
12,006.8
Cost
of sales
(4,613.7
)
(502.4
)
(81.0
)
416.6
(4,780.5
)
Gross
profit
5,823.9
1,056.5
346.8
(0.9
)
7,226.3
Operating
income (expenses)
Selling,
general and administrative
(11.7
)
(2,778.8
)
(536.9
)
(3.3
)
0.9
(3,329.8
)
Depreciation
and amortization
of
deferred charges
(521.5
)
(19.3
)
(0.7
)
(541.5
)
Financial
income (expense), net
(217.1
)
(519.3
)
(37.4
)
(2.6
)
(776.4
)
Other
operating income, net
122.6
(85.9
)
(448.2
)
(9.4
)
(420.9
)
Equity
in earnings of affiliates
1,065.1
4.8
0.8
(1,065.1
)
5.6
Operating
income
958.9
1,923.2
15.5
330.8
(1,065.1
)
2,163.3
Non-operating
income (expense), net
(1.3
)
(134.1
)
(198.6
)
0.1
(333.9
)
Income
before income taxes, profit
sharing
and minority interest
957.6
1,789.1
(183.1
)
330.9
(1,065.1
)
1,829.4
Income
tax benefit (expense)
208.6
(513.6
)
(93.6
)
(113.2
)
(511.8
)
Income
before profit sharing, | contributions
and minority interest
1,166.2
1,275.5
(276.7
)
217.7
(1,065.1
)
1,317.6
Employee
and management
profit
sharing
(4.7
)
(147.7
)
(152.4
)
Income
before minority interest
1,161.5
1,127.8
(276.7
)
217.7
(1,065.1
)
1,165.2
Minority
interest
(3.7
)
(3.7
)
Net
income for the year
1,161.5
1,124.1
(276.7
)
217.7
(1,065.1
)
1,161.5
F-92
(iii)
Condensed
consolidated statements of cash flows for the year ended
December
31, 2004