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Meritage Hospitality Group Inc – ‘S-4/A’ on 10/15/97 – EX-99.2

As of:  Wednesday, 10/15/97   ·   Accession #:  950152-97-7227   ·   File #:  333-33461

Previous ‘S-4’:  ‘S-4’ on 8/12/97   ·   Next:  ‘S-4/A’ on 11/12/97   ·   Latest:  ‘S-4/A’ on 11/21/97

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  As Of                Filer                Filing    For·On·As Docs:Size              Issuer               Agent

10/15/97  Meritage Hospitality Group Inc    S-4/A                  4:512K                                   Bowne BCL/FA

Pre-Effective Amendment to Registration of Securities Issued in a Business-Combination Transaction   —   Form S-4
Filing Table of Contents

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: S-4/A       Meritage Hospitality Group Inc. S-4 Amend No. 1      153    737K 
 2: EX-23.1     Consent of Experts or Counsel                          1      5K 
 3: EX-23.4     Consent of Experts or Counsel                          1      6K 
 4: EX-99.2     Miscellaneous Exhibit                                 45    227K 


EX-99.2   —   Miscellaneous Exhibit
Exhibit Table of Contents

Page (sequential) | (alphabetic) Top
 
11st Page   -   Filing Submission
2Methodologies Used in Valuation
3Net Book Value
5Purchase Price Premium Analysis
6Present Value of Discounted Cash Flows ("Dcf")
8Market Comparison Approach
11Acquisition Value
"Comparable Transactions
13Real Estate Valuation Summary
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Exhibit 99.2 WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP FAIRNESS OPINION Table Of Contents --------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] METHODOLOGIES USED IN VALUATION................................................................1 NET BOOK VALUE.................................................................................2 PURCHASE PRICE PREMIUM ANALYSIS................................................................4 PRESENT VALUE OF DISCOUNTED CASH FLOWS ("DCF").................................................5 MARKET COMPARISON APPROACH.....................................................................7 ACQUISITION VALUE..............................................................................10 Comparable Transactions...............................................................10 REAL ESTATE VALUATION SUMMARY..................................................................12 EXHIBITS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HISTORICAL & PROJECTED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS A COMMON STOCK PRICE/VOLUME ANALYSIS - MHGI B ASSET/BOOK VALUE ANALYSIS C DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS D COMPARABLE COMPANY ANALYSIS E
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METHODOLOGIES USED IN VALUATION ------------------------------- A number of appraisal methods and variations have been developed by valuation experts over the years in assessing financial fairness. These approaches consider quantitative factors (financial and accounting statistics), and qualitative factors (ability of management, supplier relationships, customer products acceptance, etc.) to arrive at an overall Fairness Opinion ("Opinion"). Three considerations must be taken into account in a valuation regardless of which individual or combination of methodologies are eventually used. They are: 1. Restrictive agreements, if any, which may inhibit the free transfer of a company's common stock. At Wendy's of West Michigan Limited Partnership ("WWMLP" or the "Company") there are none with regards to the transfer of the L.P. units. 2. Analysis of an established market price or other sales of the stock being valued. Prices determined in a free and open market are sometimes the best indications of value. 3. Review of generally accepted approaches to valuations including Net Book Value, Present Value of Discounted (Estimated) Future Earnings, and Market Comparison. It should be stressed that none of these valuation tools is inherently better than the others, and each method is used in different circumstances. 1
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NET BOOK VALUE -------------- The net book value or net equity method implies that a company is worth its accumulated retained earnings or deficit, plus its original capitalization. Net book value is primarily an amount arrived at over a company's existence that reflects accounting history expressed in unadjusted dollars and not the company's potential. In most going concerns with a viable future, net book value is lower than the selling price of the company. Book Value is only of importance to the extent it provides an adequate base for the continuance of operations. In most instances where a company earns a significant return on its assets (both tangible and intangible), the net book value approach is not representative of the company's intrinsic business value. Book Value is an accounting concept, augmented by appropriate Fair Market Value asset adjustments, recording the accumulated financing input from contributed capital and retained earnings. Intrinsic business value is an economic concept estimating future cash output discounted to present value. In essence, book value tells you what you have put in; intrinsic business value estimates what can be taken out. Bonbright commented as follows on the term "book value": "In all respects the relationship between the commercial value of a business and the so-called physical values of its assets is highly indirect and uncertain. Almost never does it justify an assumption that the `values' (that is, the depreciated costs) of the latter even roughly measure the value of the former." (1) The United States Court of Appeals in KETLER VS. COMMISSION (2) rejected book value as a primary valuation factor stating, "It is quite evident that the book value of a stock is a very unreliable basis upon which to determine the fair market value." The court referred to the case of ANSON EVANS (3), to the effect that "Book Value frequently bears no relationship to actual cash or fair market value." Despite the early and widespread recognition of the inadequacy of "book value" as a primary valuation factor, there have been litigated cases(4) in which either the Internal Revenue Service or the taxpayer contended that the fair market value of stock approximated its "book value". It is notable that the courts in all cases rejected the contention that book value approximated the fair market value of the capital stock. Net tangible book value represents net book value less all intangible assets, such as, but not limited to: excess of cost or acquired companies over fair value of net assets acquired (more commonly known as "Goodwill"), unamortized securities issuance costs, patents, etc. -------- 1 Bonbright, Valuation of Property 265 2 KETLER VS. COMMISSION, 196 f.2d 822 3 ANSON EVANS, 29 B.T.A. 710 4 Among these were COLONIAL TRUST CO. VS. KRAEMER, 63 F. Supp. 866; BARTRAM, EXEC. VS. GRAHAM ADMX., 157 F. Supp. 757; ESTATE OF SAMUEL E. MONTGOMERY, 127 T.C.M. 1380; ESTATE OF MARY K. MILLER, 18 T.C.M. 1127. 2
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We have reviewed the book value of WWMLP's assets in limited detail. This review included visits to several of the Company's restaurant locations in June, 1996. While the liquidation value of the assets could possibly exceed their book value, it is not clear what effect this has on earnings potential, or ultimately the Company's value. Further, because of the nature of WWMLP's business, it is unclear whether the fair market value of these assets would be at the same value level as the net book value. [Download Table] ================================================================= WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP ASSET/BOOK VALUE ANALYSIS As of August 31, 1997 ($'s in thousands) ----------------------------------------------------------------- NET BOOK FORCED VALUE VALUE ----------------------------------------------------------------- Current Assets Land Leasehold Improvements Building & Improvements Restaurant Equipment Office Equipment Leased Property Gross Amount Less: Total Liabilities ----------- ----------- Shareholder's Equity Total Shares Outstanding (000's) ----------- ----------- ASSET VALUE PER WWMLP SHARE ================================================================= 3
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PURCHASE PRICE PREMIUM ANALYSIS ------------------------------- Since June, 1996, Meritage and its affiliates have acquired approximately 54% of the units of WWMLP. These transactions are the basis for analyzing the differences between all of the prices offered and the Proposed Transaction Purchase Price, and are distributed below: [Enlarge/Download Table] ================================================================================================================ WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP PURCHASE PRICE PREMIUM ANALYSIS ================================================================================================================ TOTAL PROPOSED EQUIVALENT CONSIDERATION TRANSACTION % DATE # OF UNITS CONSIDERATION VALUE VALUE CONSIDERATION (A) PREMIUM ----------- ------------- --------------------- -------------- ---------------- ------------------- ------------ 6/96 14 Cash $5,000 $70,000 $7,500 50.0% 7/96 143.25 MHGI Stock $6,000 $859,500 $7,500 25.0% (unregistered) 10/96 482.55 Cash $7,000 $3,377,850 $7,500 7.1% 11/96 41 Series A $7,200 $295,200 $7,500 4.2% Convertible Preferred Stock NOTES: <FN> (A) The Consideration would be paid in Meritage Common Shares which will be registered on form S-4, at the transaction closing date, based on the lesser of the average high and low bid price on the OTC Bulletin Board for the 10 trading days preceding the date of dissolution and $4.125. ================================================================================================================ 4
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PRESENT VALUE OF DISCOUNTED CASH FLOWS ("DCF") ---------------------------------------------- This approach argues that a potential investor will pay a price for a security that yields a targeted minimum rate of return on invested capital (both to suppliers of debt and equity). Using this targeted rate of return as a discount factor, the present value of an estimated future earnings stream for a given number of years can be computed by discounting each year's estimated earnings to the present time. Other factors considered include the expected cyclicality or unpredictability (if any) of a company's earnings and cash flow and the investors' willingness to wait out a given length of ownership. To state the premise another way, DCF valuation posits that the buyer purchases a time series of free cash flows that are generated by the assets purchased. DCF does not value the total cash flow of the business. Rather, it values only the FREE CASH FLOW. In doing so, this analysis separates and ascribes a value only to the cash flows that an investor can remove from the business. Cash that is generated but used to sustain the business (such as increases in working capital and capital expenditures) is not included in the DCF value. Cash flow that must be retained in the business creates no incremental value to the buyer. Before defining free cash flow, another methodological nuance should be noted. As noted, DCF valuation uses a discount rate that reflects the firms weighted cost of capital or the price it must pay to suppliers of both debt and equity. Accordingly, discounted free cash flow is independent of financing costs. For Wendy's of West Michigan Limited Partnership, we have considered management's projected financial statements to estimate Free Cash Flow (See EXHIBIT A). TERMINAL VALUE -------------- DCF valuation is composed of two values: a forecast of free cash flows for some term of years and a terminal value that is a surrogate for the present value of the discounted cash flows that are expected to occur in the years after the end of the forecast period. Terminal value at the end of the period of cash flow forecasts may be arrived at in different ways, such as estimating book value, applying a price/earnings multiple to forecasted earnings or employing a cash flow multiple. We feel using a cash flow or operating income multiple is most consistent with DCF methodology. In essence, this technique multiplies the operating income in the last year of the forecast by a multiplier that attempts to estimate the value of cash flows in perpetuity. We have used a multiple of 5.5 which equates to a perpetuity value of 12.0%(5). COST OF CAPITAL (DISCOUNT RATE) ------------------------------- Once the free cash flows and terminal values are estimated, the present value of these components is calculated. The acquirer is paying today for access to the cash flows generated by the assets in the future, therefore, these cash flows must be discounted to the present. The proper discount rate can be estimated by calculating the marginal weighted average cost of capital. In essence, the discount rate attempts to approximate the rate of return the suppliers of capital will expect to earn. In WWMLP's instance, because of its asset structure, working capital liquidity needs and capitalization requirements, a purchaser would not be able to borrow all of the acquisition funds on a senior basis. Thus, a component of the capital structure could, by necessity, consist of equity related subordinated debt, commonly referred to as "mezzanine capital", along with a substantial amount of equity. On this basis, the risk-adjusted cost of capital for WWMLP is calculated as follows: [Enlarge/Download Table] -------- 5 ( 1 -.34 )= 12.0% where 5.5 is the EBIT multiple required and 34.0% is the corporate income tax rate ----------- ( 5.5 ) 5
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COST OF CAPITAL (CONT'D) ------------------------ [Enlarge/Download Table] ======================================================================================================= WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL CALCULATION ======================================================================================================= WEIGHTED COMPONENT WEIGHT COST TAX BENEFIT AFTER-TAX COST ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Senior Debt 60% 9.0% 34.0% 6.1% 3.6% Subordinated Debt 0% 20.0% 34.0% 13.1% Equity 40% 25.0% 0.0% 10.0% 10.0% -------------------------------------------------------------------- COST OF CAPITAL 100% 13.6% ======================================================================================================= ANALYSIS -------- We have made a five year projection of income statements and balance sheets based, in part, on projections provided by the Company and considering historical financial performance. We analyzed three distinct scenarios: i) Conservative Scenario, ii) Management Budgeted Scenario, and iii) Aggressive Scenario. We have utilized these projections and reformatted the financial information, (to value the real estate owned by the Company separately) contained within the statements to arrive at a number that approximates WWMLP's net after tax cash flow from operations. To this operations only figure, we added back the real estate value of the Company owned properties. Based on the historical and projected financial statements (EXHIBIT A), we have prepared a discounted cash flow analysis (EXHIBIT D). DCF ANALYSIS (000'S) -------------------- This value is achievable only if the assumptions used in making the forecasts are defensible and accurate. If the assumptions are not defensible, a discount to these values would be appropriate. [Enlarge/Download Table] ======================================================================================= WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP DISCOUNTED CASHFLOW ANALYSIS For the 12 months ended November 30, 1997 ($'s in thousands) ======================================================================================= Management Conservative Budgeted Aggressive ASSUMPTIONS Scenario Scenario Scenario ----------- -------- -------- -------- Terminal Value Discount Rate 13.6% 13.6% 13.6% Cash Flow Discount Rate 13.6% 13.6% 13.6% Terminal Value Multiple 5.5x 5.5x 5.5x DESCRIPTIONS ------------ PV of Free Cash Flows $3,423 $3,850 $4,409 PV of Terminal Value $1,479 $2,269 $2,878 -------------------------------------- INTRINSIC BUSINESS VALUE $4,902 $6,119 $7,287 ADJUSTMENTS ----------- Plus: Cash & Equivalents $0 $0 $0 Plus: Prepaids & Other Assets $0 $0 $0 Less: Funded Debt ($3,609) ($3,609) ($3,609) Less: Other ($0) ($0) ($0) -------------------------------------- Subtotal ($3,609) ($3,609) ($3,609) UNITHOLDER VALUE (OPERATIONS ONLY) $1,293 $2,510 $3,678 UNITHOLDER VALUE (REAL ESTATE - SEE PAGE 12) $4,615 $4,615 $4,615 -------------------------------------- TOTAL UNITHOLDER VALUE $5,908 $7,125 $8,293 TOTAL WWMLP UNITS OUTSTANDING (000'S) 1.2568 1.2568 1.2568 -------------------------------------- UNITHOLDER VALUE PER UNIT OF WWMLP $4,700 $5,670 $6,599 ====================================== MEAN VALUE $5,656 ======================================================================================= 6
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MARKET COMPARISON APPROACH -------------------------- This approach assumes that a degree of comparability exists between the Company and other similar firms for which a value has been established over a five year time horizon in an active and free trading market. Once similarity is established, the relationship to market value is expressed as a Price/Earnings ratio. This ratio, then, may be modified to reflect special conditions, risks, or opportunities which are unique to the Company. There are obvious problems in identifying publicly traded firms whose total business parallels the Company's. Generally, the Company's area of operations is not identically represented in the operations of the companies to which it is being compared. Despite this difficulty, we feel this method provides a valid technique for the valuation of the Company in a stable market environment over a suitable analytical period. Under this method, the Company reflects both its hypothetical worth and value, absent special considerations, as if it were an actively traded security. MARKET COMPARISONS ------------------ EXHIBIT E details the financial comparison for selected public companies in the related industries. In valuing WWMLP as a public company, a number of factors were considered, as follows: A. Industry Niche (technical expertise with high market share) B. Earnings Growth C. Revenue Size and Growth D. Market Diversity E. Balance Sheet Strength F. Return on Equity G. Trading Volume (potential market capitalization) We have reviewed those companies in EXHIBIT E and have condensed the list to those companies we feel have similar operating characteristics to WWMLP. With WWMLP's unique operating niche, we chose the following companies we deem to be truly comparable. In each instance, the following companies have some degree of comparability or at least have significant assets utilized in a similar industry segment: [Enlarge/Download Table] =================================================================================================== WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP COMPARABLE COMPANIES =================================================================================================== COMPANY DESCRIPTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Davco Restaurants, Inc. Operates approximately 228 fast food restaurants under the trade name "Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers". Morgan's Foods, Inc. Operates 40 "Kentucky Fried Chicken" restaurants in five states. Taco Cabana, Inc. Operates a chain of 121 Mexican food restaurants which are operated directly or through franchises. Wendy's International Operates or franchises over 4,933 "Wendy's" and "Tim Hortons" restaurants in the United States and 33 countries and territories. =================================================================================================== MARKET COMPARISON ANALYSIS -------------------------- Wendy's International, Davco Restaurants, Morgan's Foods and Taco Cabana represent (in the order presented) the most comparable companies to WWMLP. Generally, the average P/E and Total Consideration/Operating Income ratios for these companies most accurately reflect the market valuation for quality participants in the quick service restaurant industry segment, as measured primarily by return on equity and other ratios. For purposes of our analysis, we believe that all four companies would be the best comparable companies to utilize. The valuation of a publicly traded company is normally expressed as a function of its P/E ratio. We feel that the public market provides objective evidence as to value. However, we feel the proper way to view a company's valuation by the public is as a function of Total Consideration and EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation & Amortization). In using EBITDA as a proxy for free cash flow from operations, we assume that depreciation & amortization and capital expenditures do not offset each other. In doing so, we are valuing a 7
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company based more on its intrinsic business value or Total Consideration, rather than relying solely on the public market's current P/E valuation perception. On this basis, the four comparable companies are trading at approximately 7.1x LTM EBITDA while the comparable group has a mean (excluding the high and low) of approximately 11.9x LTM EBITDA. In addition to analyzing EBITDA, we feel that it is important to examine the share price relative to the earning of these comparable companies as well. The four comparable company mean (excluding the high and low) P/E ratio (based off of 1997F earnings) was approximately 21.9x. In reviewing the four comparable companies financial performance relative to WWMLP's, we note that three of the four comparable companies operating income percentages are significantly above those earned by WWMLP (Morgan Foods has margins below WWMLP's). Based on our transactional analysis, we believe that the public market multiple of Total Consideration to EBITDA indicated for the comparable companies is in excess of the multiple a prospective investor would consider fair or an acquirer would pay in a market for corporate control for all the Units of WWMLP. We think WWMLP would command a multiple lower than the 7.1x LTM EBITDA multiple indicated for a number of reasons. First, from an aggregate size standpoint, WWMLP is small relative to the size of the comparable companies. Size alone, while not necessarily having any impact on intrinsic value, does impact a Company's ability to withstand competitive pressures, whether from suppliers or customers. Further, size impacts a prospective purchasers pool of synergy opportunities (i.e. Selling, General and Administrative savings). Additionally, WWMLP's industry is in a very competitive mode where margins may become more narrow in the future, thus placing pressure on the business. Thus we believe that a more appropriate multiple of LTM EBITDA would be 5.5x. 8
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Earnings are calculated as follows: [Download Table] ================================================================================== WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP MARKET COMPARABLE ANALYSIS ($'s in thousands) ================================================================================== 1998F 1999F MGMT. MGMT. CATEGORY BUDGET(A) BUDGET(A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EBITDA MULTIPLE ANALYSIS ------------------------ FORECASTED EBIT (FYE 11/30) $772 $849 Rebate Income $265 $271 Real Estate Lease Obligation (B) ($484) ($496) ------------------------- ADJUSTED EBIT $553 $624 Depreciation $698 $741 Amortization $198 $198 ------------------------- ADJUSTED EBITDA $1,449 $1,563 Normalized Capital Expenditures ($300) ($300) ------------------------- OPERATING CASH FLOW $1,149 $1,263 Multiple-Operating Cashflow 5.50 5.00 ------------------------- INDICATED CAPITALIZED VALUE $6,320 $6,315 SHAREHOLDER VALUE ADJUSTMENT Plus: Cash & Equivalents $0 $0 Plus: Prepaids & Other Assets $0 $0 Less: Funded Debt ($3,609) ($3,609) Less: Notes Payable ($0) ($0) ------------------------- Total Shareholder Value Adj. ($3,609) ($3,609) TOTAL UNITHOLDER VALUE (OPERATIONS ONLY) $2,710 $2,706 TOTAL UNITHOLDER VALUE (REAL ESTATE - SEE PAGE 12 $4,615 $4,615 ------------------------- TOTAL UNITHOLDER VALUE $7,325 $7,321 Total WWMLP Units Outstanding (000's) 1.2568 1.2568 ------------------------- TOTAL UNITHOLDER VALUE PER SHARE $5,829 $5,825 ========================= MEAN $5,827 <FN> A. Roney & Co.'s usage of Management's Budget reflects only operational EBIT B. These figures assume 8.5% rents for the 5 Company owned locations and 5% rent for the building lease on the ground lease property. ================================================================================== 9
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ACQUISITION VALUE ----------------- The acquisition value of a company seeks to estimate the price at which the company would "trade in the market for corporate control." Acquisition value is the price an acquirer would pay to control the target's assets and the free cash flows (FCF) they generate. Transactions occur in the public market almost daily at prices significantly above current secondary trading levels. The premium paid over the market trading level of the stock of a company is, in fact, a derived figure rather than an analytical tool(6). When the various valuation methods outlined previously justify a price over current trading prices, then a premium price is paid. The price paid rests on the conclusion of the analysis. To some degree, the prices paid are a result of the intense amount of competition among buyers for quality businesses and to a greater degree they reflect the economic benefits of all the synergies that a buyer may bring to a seller in a corporate combination. Thus, the value of a company (its intrinsic value) as an independent entity often will be different than the value of the company when it is combined with another firm. The acquisition value will reflect incremental cash flow generated by consolidated tax savings, cost savings due to the elimination of redundant operations, distribution economies, or other business benefits. The first step in this approach is to determine a sample of comparable companies that have been involved in a merger or acquisition. From a comparability standpoint, we look at the following aspects of a company: industry, products, processes, customers, distribution channels, and suppliers among others. For WWMLP, we reviewed a number of transactions and feel they are representative of the valuation multiples that would be paid for WWMLP, given forecasted earning, in a competitive market place. COMPARABLE TRANSACTIONS ----------------------- The following summarizes the multiples paid: [Enlarge/Download Table] ====================================================================================================== WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP COMPARABLE MERGERS & ACQUISITION TRANSACTIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ MULTIPLE DATE TOTAL OF COMPLETED ACQUIRER ACQUIREE CONSIDERATION EBITDA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1994 Apple South Apple-Tenn-Flo L.P. $17,000,000 N/A 1994 Quality Dining, Inc. Grayling Corporation $19,900,000 6.63x 1995 Apple South, Inc. Marcus Group - Applebee's $48,000,000 6.82x 1995 Apple South, Inc. DF&R Restaurants Inc. $201,216,000 14.37x 1995 Quality Dining, Inc. Burger King Franchisee $8,600,000 N/A 1995 Shareholders Dave and Buster's $94,631,000 11.83x 1995 Shareholders Host Marriott Services $601,950,000 N/A 1996 Private-Strategic Private I (Quick Service Segment) $2,998,000 4.75x 1996 Private-Strategic Private II (Quick Service Segment) $6,250,000 4.50x 1996 Quality Dining, Inc. Bruegger's Bagels N/A N/A 1996 Investor Group America's Favorite Chicken Co. $320,000,000 N/A 1997 Investor Group Bruegger's Bagels N/A N/A 1997 Pizza Hut of Michigan Pizza Hut Corporate Territory N/A N/A 1997 Compass Group PLC DAKA International Inc. $189,122,000 13.80x 1997 Investor Group** DAVCO Restaurants $140,000,000 5.62x <FN> ** The deal is pending - The transaction is estimated to have consideration of roughly $140mm. The multiple is based off of this estimate. ======================================================================================================= -------- 6 See Judson P. Reis, "The Fine Art of Valuation", Mergers & Acquisition Handbook 10
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[Enlarge/Download Table] ================================================================================================================ WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP TRANSACTION MULTIPLE ANALYSIS ($'s in Thousands) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MULTIPLE DATE TOTAL OF COMPLETED ACQUIRER ACQUIREE CONSIDERATION EBITDA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1994 Quality Dining, Inc. Grayling Corporation $19,900 6.63x 1996 Private-Strategic Private I (Quick Service Segment) $2,998 4.75x 1996 Private-Strategic Private II (Quick Service Segment) $6,250 4.50x 1997 Investor Group (A) Davco Restaurants, Inc. $140,000 5.62x ---------------------------- HIGH 6.63X LOW 4.50X AVERAGE 5.37X ------------------------------------------ LOW AVERAGE HIGH ------------------------------------------ WWMLP - 1998F EBITDA $553 $553 $553 Multiple 4.50x 5.37x 6.63x ------------------------------------------ WWMLP - CALCULATED VALUE - OPERATIONS ONLY $2,489 $2,969 $3,666 WWMLP - CALCULATED VALUE - REAL ESTATE ONLY $4,615 $4,615 $4,615 ------------------------------------------ WWMLP - TOTAL UNIT VALUE - TOTAL ENTITY $7,104 $7,584 $8,281 TOTAL WWMLP UNITS OUTSTANDING (000'S) 1.2568 1.2568 1.2568 ========================================== WWMLP - PER UNIT VALUE - TOTAL ENTITY $5,652 $6,034 $6,590 ========================================== ================================================================================================================ 11
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REAL ESTATE VALUATION SUMMARY ----------------------------- Based on our omission of real estate cash flow from the valuation methodologies, we need to value the real estate utilizing a separate formula. This formula derives a multiple by utilizing the inverse of what is classified in industry terms as a capitalization rate ("Cap Rate"). The Cap Rate is the inverse of a multiple that would be associated with the cash flow associated with the properties (income received for usage of the properties). In the case of Wendy's of West Michigan L.P. we have utilized a range of Cap Rates based on our transaction experience in the real estate arena of the quick service restaurant industry. Based on this experience, we would attach a Cap Rate of somewhere in the range of 10.0% - 11.0%, which would be based on the cashflows associated with the properties and the upkeep of the properties that are Company owned by WWMLP. The following chart illustrates the range of values of the Company owned real estate: [Enlarge/Download Table] ========================================================================================================= WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN L.P. REAL ESTATE VALUATION SUMMARY ($'s in thousands) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ASSUMED CAP RATE -------------------------------------- RENT 1997F 1997F VALUATION TECHNIQUE FACTOR /A REVENUES/B RENT 10.0% 10.5% 11.0% --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL COMPANY OWNED ------------------- 2200 28th Street 8.50% $1,027,368 $87,326 $873,260 $831,676 $793,872 261 East 8th Street 8.50% $803,191 $68,271 $682,710 $650,200 $620,645 3850 S. Division 8.50% $972,564 $82,668 $826,680 $787,314 $751,527 2071 Apple Avenue 8.50% $1,098,121 $93,340 $933,400 $888,952 $848,545 4343 Chicago Drive 8.50% $1,199,758 $101,979 $1,019,794 $971,229 $927,082 GROUND LEASE ------------ 3301 Plainfield Avenue 5.00% $1,004,940 $50,247 $502,470 $478,543 $456,791 --------------------------------------------------------------- VALUATION CONCLUSION $6,105,942 $483,831 $4,838,310 $4,607,914 $4,398,463 =============================================================== MEAN $4,615,000 <FN> A. THE RENT FACTORS ARE BASED ON INDUSTRY STANDARDS. THE GROUND LEASE IS ESTIMATED TO BE AN ADDITIONAL 5.0% OVER THE 1.5% ALREADY PAID FOR LAND. ========================================================================================================= The above values assume that these properties would generate the industry norms for rents, and that the operations located at these sites would continue to maintain or increase their revenue figures. If revenues at these sites decreased, or the sites are determined, by an appraiser, to be worn down or neglected, the value ranges of the properties might need to be adjusted accordingly. 12
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HISTORICAL & PROJECTED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (BUDGETED SCENARIO) A-1
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[Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------- WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN -- BUDGETED HISTORICAL AND FORECASTED BALANCE SHEET AS OF DECEMBER 31, ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ASSETS 1995 1996 1997 1998F 1999F ------------------------------------------------------------------------- CURRENT ASSETS Cash $411 $777 $407 $500 $500 Marketable Securities $0 $0 $0 $188 $799 Accounts Receivable - Including related parties $53 $217 $83 $85 $87 Inventory $146 $180 $169 $173 $178 Prepaid Expenses $139 $125 $120 $123 $126 Deferred Taxes $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Other $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- CURRENT ASSETS $749 $1,299 $779 $1,070 $1,690 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Property, Plant & Equipment $11,809 $12,541 $13,233 $13,533 $13,833 Accumulated Depreciation $6,138 $6,644 $7,339 $8,037 $8,777 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NET PROPERTY & EQUIPMENT $5,671 $5,897 $5,894 $5,496 $5,056 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- OTHER ASSETS Goodwill & Start-up Costs $2,163 $1,981 $1,783 $1,585 $1,387 Other Non-Current Assets $248 $282 $252 $258 $265 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL OTHER ASSETS $2,411 $2,263 $2,035 $1,843 $1,652 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL ASSETS $8,831 $9,459 $8,708 $8,409 $8,397 ========================================================================= LIABILITY AND OWNERS' EQUITY CURRENT LIABILITIES Accounts Payable $785 $771 $733 $751 $770 Accrued Liabilities $679 $724 $563 $577 $591 Other Current Liabilities $39 $39 $113 $39 $39 Revolver $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total Current Portion of LT Debt $160 $232 $390 $250 $250 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES $1,663 $1,766 $1,799 $1,617 $1,651 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Senior Debt $2,500 $2,192 $1,529 $1,279 $1,029 Capital Leases $1,809 $1,954 $1,690 $1,690 $1,690 Shareholder Debt $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Sub Jr. Debt $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL LONG TERM DEBT $4,309 $4,146 $3,219 $2,969 $2,719 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Non-Current Liab. $0 $61 $0 $0 $0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL LIABILITY $5,972 $5,973 $5,018 $4,586 $4,370 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY Common Stock & Paid in Capital $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Retained Earnings $2,859 $3,486 $3,690 $3,823 $4,027 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL EQUITY $2,859 $3,486 $3,690 $3,823 $4,027 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL LIABILITIES & EQUITY $8,831 $9,459 $8,708 $8,409 $8,397 ========================================================================= Check $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ------------------------------------------- Forecasted ASSETS 2000F 2001F 2002F ------------------------------------------- CURRENT ASSETS Cash $500 $500 $500 Marketable Securities $1,499 $2,299 $3,190 Accounts Receivable - Including related parties $89 $92 $94 Inventory $182 $187 $191 Prepaid Expenses $129 $132 $136 Deferred Taxes $0 $0 $0 Other $0 $0 $0 ------------------------------------------- CURRENT ASSETS $2,400 $3,210 $4,111 ------------------------------------------- Property, Plant & Equipment $14,133 $14,433 $14,733 Accumulated Depreciation $9,561 $10,387 $11,256 ------------------------------------------- NET PROPERTY & EQUIPMENT $4,572 $4,046 $3,477 ------------------------------------------- OTHER ASSETS Goodwill & Start-up Costs $1,189 $991 $793 Other Non-Current Assets $271 $278 $285 ------------------------------------------- TOTAL OTHER ASSETS $1,460 $1,269 $1,078 ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- TOTAL ASSETS $8,432 $8,525 $8,666 =========================================== LIABILITY AND OWNERS' EQUITY CURRENT LIABILITIES Accounts Payable $789 $809 $829 Accrued Liabilities $606 $621 $637 Other Current Liabilities $39 $39 $39 Revolver $0 $0 $0 Total Current Portion of LT Debt $250 $250 $250 ------------------------------------------- TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES $1,685 $1,720 $1,755 ------------------------------------------- Senior Debt $779 $529 $279 Capital Leases $1,690 $1,690 $1,690 Shareholder Debt $0 $0 $0 Sub Jr. Debt $0 $0 $0 ------------------------------------------- TOTAL LONG TERM DEBT $2,469 $2,219 $1,969 ------------------------------------------- Other Non-Current Liab. $0 $0 $0 ------------------------------------------- TOTAL LIABILITY $4,154 $3,939 $3,724 ------------------------------------------- SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY Common Stock & Paid in Capital $0 $0 $0 Retained Earnings $4,278 $4,586 $4,942 ------------------------------------------- TOTAL EQUITY $4,278 $4,586 $4,942 ------------------------------------------- TOTAL LIABILITIES & EQUITY $8,432 $8,525 $8,666 =========================================== Check $0 $0 $0 A-2
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[Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------- WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN -- BUDGETED HISTORICAL AND FORECASTED INCOME STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, ------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1995 1996 1997 1998F ------------------------------------------------------------------------- SALES $23,365 $24,438 $27,105 $27,783 Less Discounts Allowed $0 $0 $0 $0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Sales $23,365 $24,438 $27,105 $27,783 COST OF GOODS SOLD Cost of Goods Sold - Food $16,844 $16,225 $17,997 $18,448 Labor Costs $0 $0 $0 $0 Food Service Supplies $0 $0 $0 $0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL COST OF GOOD SOLD $16,844 $16,225 $17,997 $18,448 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- GROSS PROFIT $8,521 $8,213 $9,108 $9,335 GROSS PROFIT % 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% OPERATING EXPENSE Administrative & General $2,103 $1,815 $2,196 $1,306 Sales & Marketing $1,520 $1,536 $1,664 $2,639 Royalties $1,015 $978 $1,084 $1,111 Energy & Property Maintenance $3,134 $3,172 $3,420 $3,501 Amortization Rebates & Rental Expense ($269) $249 $265 $225 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES $7,503 $7,252 $8,099 $8,782 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- OPERATING PROFIT (LOSS) /EBIT $1,018 $961 $1,009 $553 OPERATING PROFIT (LOSS) % 4.0% 3.9% 3.7% 2.0% ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Non-Recurring Charges $0 $0 $0 $0 OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) Other Income $0 $0 $0 $0 Net Interest Income (Expense) ($512) ($403) ($420) ($352) Earn out / bonus payments ------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL OTHER INCOME ($512) ($403) ($420) ($352) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRETAX INCOME (LOSS) $506 $558 $589 $201 Taxes Paid $0 $0 $0 $68 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NET INCOME (LOSS) $506 $558 $589 $133 ========================================================================= ----------------------------------------------------------- Forecasted 1999F 2000F 2001F 2002F ----------------------------------------------------------- SALES $28,477 $29,189 $29,919 $30,667 Less Discounts Allowed $0 $0 $0 $0 ----------------------------------------------------------- Total Sales $28,477 $29,189 $29,919 $30,667 COST OF GOODS SOLD Cost of Goods Sold - Food $18,908 $19,381 $19,865 $20,362 Labor Costs $0 $0 $0 $0 Food Service Supplies $0 $0 $0 $0 ----------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL COST OF GOOD SOLD $18,908 $19,381 $19,865 $20,362 ----------------------------------------------------------- GROSS PROFIT $9,569 $9,808 $10,054 $10,305 GROSS PROFIT % 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% OPERATING EXPENSE Administrative & General $1,338 $1,372 $1,406 $1,441 Sales & Marketing $2,648 $2,685 $2,693 $2,729 Royalties $1,139 $1,168 $1,197 $1,227 Energy & Property Maintenance $3,588 $3,678 $3,785 $3,879 Amortization Rebates & Rental Expense $231 $236 $242 $249 ----------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES $8,945 $9,136 $9,322 $9,526 ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- OPERATING PROFIT (LOSS) /EBIT $624 $670 $731 $779 OPERATING PROFIT (LOSS) % 2.2% 2.3% 2.4% 2.5% ----------------------------------------------------------- Non-Recurring Charges $0 $0 $0 $0 OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) Other Income $0 $0 $0 $0 Net Interest Income (Expense) ($314) ($289) ($265) ($241) Earn out / bonus payments ----------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL OTHER INCOME ($314) ($289) ($265) ($241) ----------------------------------------------------------- PRETAX INCOME (LOSS) $310 $380 $466 $539 Taxes Paid $106 $129 $158 $183 ----------------------------------------------------------- NET INCOME (LOSS) $205 $251 $308 $355 =========================================================== A-3
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[Enlarge/Download Table] ---------------------------------------------------------------- WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN -- BUDGETED HISTORICAL AND FORECASTED CASH FLOW STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1995 1996 1997 1998F ---------------------------------------------------------------------- OPERATING ACTIVITIES NET INCOME (LOSS) $506 $558 $589 $133 Depreciation & Amortization $971 $857 $853 $896 Provided (used) by changes in Accounts Receivable - Including related parties ($53) ($164) $134 ($2) Inventory ($146) ($34) $11 ($4) Prepaid Expenses $14 $5 ($3) Deferred Taxes $0 $0 $0 Other $0 $0 $0 $0 Accounts Payable $785 ($14) ($38) $18 Accrued Liabilities $679 $45 ($161) $14 Other Current Liabilities $39 $0 $74 ($74) Other Non-Current Liabilities $0 $61 ($61) $0 Other Non-Current Assets ($248) ($34) $30 ($6) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES $2,533 $1,289 $1,436 $941 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- INVESTING ACTIVITIES Capital expenditures (net) ($11,809) ($732) ($692) ($300) Marketable Securities $0 $0 $0 $188 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CASH PROVIDED BY INVESTING ($11,809) ($732) ($692) ($112) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- FINANCING ACTIVITIES Issuance (Repayment) of: Current Portion of LT Debt $160 $72 $158 ($140) Revolver $0 $0 $0 $0 Senior Debt $2,500 ($308) ($663) ($250) Sellers Note $1,809 $145 ($264) $0 Subordinated Debt $0 $0 $0 $0 Sub Jr. Dept $0 $0 $0 $0 Common Stock Dividends $2,353 $69 ($385) $0 Issuance (Repurchase) of Common Stock $0 $0 $0 $0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING $6,822 ($22) ($1,154) ($390) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Miscellaneous Cash Flow Adjustments $2,865 ($169) $40 Cash at Beginning of Period $0 $411 $777 $407 Increase (Decrease) in Cash $411 $366 ($370) $93 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CASH AT END OF PERIOD $411 $777 $407 $500 ====================================================================== ---------------------------------------------------- Forecasted 1999F 2000F 2001F 2002F ---------------------------------------------------- OPERATING ACTIVITIES NET INCOME (LOSS) $205 $251 $308 $355 Depreciation & Amortization $939 $981 $1,024 $1,067 Provided (used) by changes in Accounts Receivable - Including related parties ($2) ($2) ($2) ($2) Inventory ($4) ($4) ($5) ($5) Prepaid Expenses ($3) ($3) ($3) ($3) Deferred Taxes $0 $0 $0 $0 Other $0 $0 $0 $0 Accounts Payable $19 $19 $20 $20 Accrued Liabilities $14 $15 $15 $16 Other Current Liabilities $0 $0 $0 $0 Other Non-Current Liabilities $0 $0 $0 $0 Other Non-Current Assets ($6) ($7) ($7) ($7) ---------------------------------------------------- CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES $1,161 $1,250 $1,350 $1,441 ---------------------------------------------------- INVESTING ACTIVITIES Capital expenditures (net) ($300) ($300) ($300) ($300) Marketable Securities $611 $700 $800 $891 ---------------------------------------------------- CASH PROVIDED BY INVESTING $311 $400 $500 $591 ---------------------------------------------------- FINANCING ACTIVITIES Issuance (Repayment) of: Current Portion of LT Debt $0 $0 $0 $0 Revolver $0 $0 $0 $0 Senior Debt ($250) ($250) ($250) ($250) Sellers Note $0 $0 $0 $0 Subordinated Debt $0 $0 $0 $0 Sub Jr. Dept $0 $0 $0 $0 Common Stock Dividends $0 $0 $0 $0 Issuance (Repurchase) of Common Stock $0 $0 $0 $0 ---------------------------------------------------- CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ($250) ($250) ($250) ($250) ---------------------------------------------------- Other Miscellaneous Cash Flow Adjustments Cash at Beginning of Period $500 $500 $500 $500 Increase (Decrease) in Cash $0 $0 $0 $0 ---------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- CASH AT END OF PERIOD $500 $500 $500 $500 ==================================================== A-4
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HISTORICAL & PROJECTED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (AGGRESSIVE SCENARIO) ------------------------------------------------------------- A-5
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Wendy's of West Michigan -- Aggressive Historical and Forecasted Balance Sheet As of December 31, [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Forecasted ASSETS 1995 1996 1997 1998F 1999F 2000F 2001F 2002F ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- CURRENT ASSETS Cash $411 $777 $407 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Marketable Securities $0 $0 $0 $365 $1,144 $2,014 $2,953 $3,982 Accounts Receivable - Including related parties $53 $217 $83 $85 $87 $89 $92 $94 Inventory $146 $180 $169 $172 $177 $181 $187 $191 Prepaid Expenses $139 $125 $120 $123 $126 $129 $132 $136 Deferred Taxes $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Other $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- CURRENT ASSETS $749 $1,299 $779 $1,245 $2,034 $2,914 $3,864 $4,903 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Property, Plant & Equipment $11,809 $12,541 $13,233 $13,533 $13,833 $14,133 $14,433 $14,733 Accumulated Depreciation $6,138 $6,644 $7,339 $8,037 $8,777 $9,561 $10,387 $11,256 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- NET PROPERTY & EQUIPMENT $5,671 $5,897 $5,894 $5,496 $5,056 $4,572 $4,046 $3,477 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- OTHER ASSETS Goodwill & Start-up Costs $2,163 $1,981 $1,783 $1,585 $1,387 $1,189 $991 $793 Other Non-Current Assets $248 $282 $252 $258 $265 $271 $278 $285 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL OTHER ASSETS $2,411 $2,263 $2,035 $1,843 $1,652 $1,460 $1,269 $1,078 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL ASSETS $8,831 $9,459 $8,708 $8,585 $8,741 $8,947 $9,179 $9,458 ============================================================================= LIABILITY AND OWNERS' EQUITY CURRENT LIABILITIES Accounts Payable $785 $71 $733 $748 $768 $787 $809 $829 Accrued Liabilities $679 $724 $563 $574 $590 $604 $621 $637 Other Current Liabilities $39 $39 $113 $39 $39 $39 $39 $39 Revolver $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total Current Portion of LT Debt $160 $232 $390 $250 $250 $250 $250 $250 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES $1,663 $1,766 $1,799 $1,611 $1,647 $1,680 $1,720 $1,755 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Senior Debt $2,500 $2,192 $1,529 $1,279 $1,029 $779 $529 $279 Capital Leases $1,809 $1,954 $1,690 $1,690 $1,690 $1,690 $1,690 $1,690 Shareholder Debt $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Sub Jr. Debt $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL LONG TERM DEBT $4,309 $4,146 $3,219 $2,969 $2,719 $2,469 $2,219 $1,969 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Non-Current Liab $0 $61 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 TOTAL LIABILITY $5,972 $5,973 $5,018 $4,580 $4,366 $4,149 $3,939 $3,724 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY Common Stock & Paid in Capital $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Retained Earnings $2,859 $3,486 $3,690 $4,004 $4,376 $4,797 $5,240 $5,733 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL EQUITY $2,859 $3,486 $3,690 $4,004 $4,376 $4,797 $5,240 $5,733 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL LIABILITIES & EQUITY $8,831 $9,459 $8,708 $8,585 $8,741 $8,947 $9,179 $9,458 ============================================================================= Check $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 A-6
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Wendy's of West Michigan -- Aggressive Historical and Forecasted Income Statement For the Year Ending December 31, [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Forecasted 1995 1996 1997 1998F 1999F 2000F 2001F 2002F ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sales $25,365 $24,438 $27,105 $27,783 $28,477 $29,189 $29,919 $30,667 Less Discounts Allowed $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total Sales $25,365 $24,438 $27,105 $27,783 $28,477 $29,189 $29,919 $30,667 COST OF GOODS SOLD Cost of Goods Sold - Food $16,844 $16,225 $17,997 $18,364 $18,851 $19,322 $19,865 $20,362 Labor Costs $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Food Service Supplies $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TOTAL COST OF GOOD SOLD $16,844 $16,225 $17,997 $18,364 $18,851 $19,322 $19,865 $20,362 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GROSS PROFIT $8,521 $8,213 $9,108 $9,418 $9,626 $9,867 $10,054 $10,305 GROSS PROFIT % 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% OPERATING EXPENSE Administrative & General $2,103 $1,815 $2,196 $1,250 $1,225 $1,197 $1,227 $1,257 Sales & Marketing $1,520 $1,536 $1,664 $2,584 $2,620 $2,685 $2,693 $2,729 Royalties $1,015 $978 $1,084 $1,111 $1,139 $1,168 $1,197 $1,227 Energy & Property Maintenance $3,134 $3,172 $3,420 $3,445 $3,560 $3,678 $3,785 $3,879 Amortization Rebates & Rental Expense ($269) ($249) ($265) $200 $206 $211 $217 $224 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total Operating Expenses $7,503 $7,252 $8,099 $8,590 $8,749 $8,939 $9,118 $9,317 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Operating Profit (Loss)/EBIT $1,018 $961 $1,009 $828 $877 $928 $936 $988 Operating Profit (Loss)% 4.0% 3.9% 3.7% 3.0% 3.1% 3.2% 3.1% 3.2% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Non-Recurring Charges $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) Other Income $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Net Interest Income (Expense) ($512) ($403) ($420) ($352) ($314) ($289) ($265) ($241) Earn out / bonus payments ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TOTAL OTHER INCOME ($512) ($403) ($420) ($352) ($314) ($289) ($265) ($241) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PRETAX INCOME (LOSS) $506 $558 $589 $476 $563 $639 $671 $748 Taxes Paid $0 $0 $0 $162 $191 $217 $228 $254 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NET INCOME (LOSS) $506 $558 $589 $314 $372 $422 $443 $493 ========================================================================================== A-7
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Wendy's of West Michigan -- Aggressive Historical and Forecasted Cash Flow Statement For the Year Ending December 31, [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Forecasted 1995 1996 1997 1998F 1999F 2000F 2001F 2002F ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Operating Activities NET INCOME (LOSS) $506 $558 $589 $314 $372 $422 $443 $493 Depreciation & Amortization $971 $857 $853 $896 $939 $981 $1,024 $1,067 Provided (used) by changes in Accounts Receivable - Including related parties ($53) ($164) $134 ($2) ($2) ($2) ($2) ($2) Inventory ($146) ($34) $11 ($3) ($5) ($4) ($5) ($5) Prepaid Expenses $14 $5 ($3) ($3) ($3) ($3) ($3) Deferred Taxes $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Other $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Accounts Payable $785 ($14) ($38) $15 $20 $19 $22 $20 Accrued Liabilities $679 $45 ($161) $11 $15 $15 $17 $16 Other Current Liabilities $39 $0 $74 ($74) $0 $0 $0 $0 Other Non-Current Liabilities $0 $61 ($61) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Other Non-Current Assets ($248) ($34) $30 ($6) ($6) ($7) ($7) ($7) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES $2,533 $1,289 $1,436 $1,148 $1,329 $1,421 $1,489 $1,579 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investing Activities Capital expenditures (net) ($11,809) ($732) ($692) ($300) ($300) ($300) ($300) ($300) Marketable Securities $0 $0 $0 $365 $779 $871 $939 $1,029 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CASH PROVIDED BY INVESTING ($11,809) ($732) ($692) $65 $479 $571 $639 $729 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Financing Activities Issuance (Repayment) of: Current Portion of LT Debt $160 $72 $158 ($140) $0 $0 $0 $0 Revolver $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Senior Debt $2,500 ($308) ($663) ($250) ($250) ($250) ($250) ($250) Sellers Note $1,809 $145 ($264) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Subordinated Debt $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Sub Jr. Dept $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Common Stock Dividends $2,353 $69 ($385) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Issuance (Repurchase) of Common Stock $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING $6,822 ($22) ($1,154) ($390) ($250) ($250) ($250) ($250) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Other Miscellaneous Cash Flow Adjustments $3,865 ($169) $40 Cash at Beginning of Period $0 $411 $777 $407 $500 $500 $500 $500 Increase (Decrease) in Cash $411 $366 ($370) $93 $0 $0 $0 $0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CASH AT END OF PERIOD $411 $777 $407 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 ============================================================================== A-8
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HISTORICAL & PROJECTED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONSERVATIVE SCENARIO) ------------------------------------------------------------------- A-9
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Wendy's of West Michigan -- Conservative Historical and Forecasted Balance Sheet As of December 31, [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Forecasted ASSETS 1995 1996 1997 1998F 1999F 2000F 2001F 2002F ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- CURRENT ASSETS Cash $411 $777 $407 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Marketable Securities $0 $0 $0 $117 $618 $1,184 $1,829 $2,541 Accounts Receivable - Including related parties $53 $217 $83 $85 $87 $89 $92 $94 Inventory $146 $180 $169 $173 $178 $182 $187 $191 Prepaid Expenses $139 $125 $120 $123 $126 $129 $132 $136 Deferred Taxes $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Other $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- CURRENT ASSETS $749 $1,299 $779 $998 $1,509 $2,084 $2,739 $3,462 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Property, Plant & Equipment $11,809 $12,541 $13,233 $13,533 $13,833 $14,133 $14,433 $14,733 Accumulated Depreciation $6,138 $6,644 $7,339 $8,037 $8,777 $9,561 $10,387 $11,256 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- NET PROPERTY & EQUIPMENT $5,671 $5,897 $5,894 $5,496 $5,056 $4,572 $4,046 $3,477 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- OTHER ASSETS Goodwill & Start-up Costs $2,163 $1,981 $1,783 $1,585 $1,387 $1,189 $991 $793 Other Non-Current Assets $248 $282 $252 $258 $265 $271 $278 $285 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL OTHER ASSETS $2,411 $2,263 $2,035 $1,843 $1,652 $1,460 $1,269 $1,078 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL ASSETS $8,831 $9,459 $8,708 $8,338 $8,217 $8,117 $8,054 $8,016 ======= LIABILITY AND OWNERS' EQUITY CURRENT LIABILITIES Accounts Payable $785 $771 $733 $751 $771 $789 $809 $829 Accrued Liabilities $679 $724 $563 $577 $592 $606 $621 $637 Other Current Liabilities $39 $39 $113 $39 $39 $39 $39 $39 Revolver $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total Current Portion of LT Debt $160 $232 $390 $250 $250 $250 $250 $250 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES $1,663 $1,766 $1,799 $1,617 $1,653 $1,685 $1,720 $1,755 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Senior Debt $2,500 $2,192 $1,529 $1,279 $1,029 $779 $529 $279 Capital Leases $1,809 $1,954 $1,690 $1,690 $1,690 $1,690 $1,690 $1,690 Shareholder Debt $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Sub Jr. Debt $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL LONG TERM DEBT $4,309 $4,146 $3,219 $2,969 $2,719 $2,469 $2,219 $1,969 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Non-Current Liab. $0 $61 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL LIABILITY $5,972 $5,973 $5,018 $4,586 $4,372 $4,154 $3,939 $3,724 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY Common Stock & Paid in Capital $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Retained Earnings $2,859 $3,486 $3,690 $3,751 $3,845 $3,963 $4,116 $4,292 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL EQUITY $2,859 $3,486 $3,690 $3,751 $3,845 $3,963 $4,116 $4,292 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL LIABILITIES & EQUITY $8,831 $9,459 $8,708 $8,338 $8,217 $8,117 $8,054 $8,016 ============================================================================= Check $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 A-10
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Wendy's of West Michigan -- Conservative Historical and Forecasted Income Statement For the Year Ending December 31, [Enlarge/Download Table] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Forecasted 1995 1996 1997 1998F 1999F 2000F 2001F 2002F ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sales $25,365 $24,438 $27,105 $27,783 $28,477 $29,189 $29,919 $30,667 Less Discounts Allowed $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Sales $25,365 $24,438 $27,105 $27,783 $28,477 $29,189 $29,919 $30,667 COST OF GOODS SOLD Cost of Goods Sold - Food $16,844 $16,225 $17,997 $18,448 $18,937 $19,382 $19,866 $20,363 Labor Costs $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Food Service Supplies $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL COST OF GOOD SOLD $16,844 $16,225 $17,997 $18,448 $18,937 $19,382 $19,866 $20,363 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GROSS PROFIT $8,521 $8,213 $9,108 $9,335 $9,540 $9,808 $10,053 $10,304 GROSS PROFIT% 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% 33.6% OPERATING EXPENSE Administrative & General $2,103 $1,815 $2,196 $1,334 $1,395 $1,489 $1,556 $1,625 Sales & Marketing $1,520 $1,536 $1,664 $2,667 $2,677 $2,715 $2,723 $2,760 Royalties $1,015 $978 $1,084 $1,111 $1,139 $1,168 $1,197 $1,227 Energy & Property Maintenance $3,134 $3,172 $3,420 $3,528 $3,617 $3,707 $3,815 $3,910 Amortization Rebates & Rental Expense ($269) ($249) ($265) $250 $256 $261 $267 $274 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Operating Expenses $7,503 $7,252 $8,099 $8,890 $9,084 $9,339 $9,557 $9,796 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Operating Profit (Loss)/EBIT $1,018 $961 $1,009 $445 $456 $469 $496 $508 Operating Profit (Loss) % 4.0% 3.9% 3.7% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.7% 1.7% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Non-Recurring Charges $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) Other Income $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Net Interest Income (Expense) ($512) ($403) ($420) ($352) ($314) ($289) ($265) ($241) Earn out/bonus payments ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL OTHER INCOME ($512) ($403) ($420) ($352) ($314) ($289) ($265) ($241) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRETAX INCOME (LOSS) $506 $558 $589 $93 $142 $179 $231 $267 Taxes Paid $0 $0 $0 $32 $48 $61 $78 $91 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NET INCOME (LOSS) $506 $558 $589 $61 $94 $118 $152 $176 ========================================================================================= A-11
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WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN -- CONSERVATIVE HISTORICAL AND FORECASTED CASH FLOW STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, [Enlarge/Download Table] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Forecasted 1995 1996 1997 1998F 1999F 2000F 2001F 2002F ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ OPERATING ACTIVITIES NET INCOME (LOSS) $506 $558 $589 $61 $94 $118 $152 $176 Depreciation & Amortization $971 $857 $853 $896 $939 $981 $1,024 $1,067 Provided (used) by changes in Accounts Receivable - Including related parties ($53) ($164) $134 ($2) ($2) ($2) ($2) ($2) Inventory ($146) ($34) $11 ($4) ($5) ($4) ($5) ($5) Prepaid Expenses $14 $5 ($3) ($3) ($3) ($3) ($3) Deferred Taxes $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Other $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Accounts Payable $785 ($14) ($38) $18 $20 $18 $20 $20 Accrued Liabilities $679 $45 ($161) $14 $15 $14 $15 $16 Other Current Liabilities $39 $0 $74 ($74) $0 $0 $0 $0 Other Non-Current Liabilities $0 $61 ($61) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Other Non-Current Assets ($248) ($34) $30 ($6) ($6) ($7) ($7) ($7) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES $2,533 $1,289 $1,436 $900 $1,051 $1,116 $1,195 $1,262 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INVESTING ACTIVITIES Capital expenditures (net) ($11,809) ($732) ($692) ($300) ($300) ($300) ($300) ($300) Marketable Securities $0 $0 $0 $117 $501 $566 $645 $712 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CASH PROVIDED BY INVESTING ($11,809) ($732) ($692) ($183) $201 $266 $345 $412 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ FINANCING ACTIVITIES Issuance (Repayment) of: Current Portion of LT Debt $160 $72 $158 ($140) $0 $0 $0 $0 Revolver $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Senior Debt $2,500 ($308) ($663) ($250) ($250) ($250) ($250) ($250) Sellers Note $1,809 $145 ($264) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Subordinated Debt $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Sub Jr. Dept $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Common Stock Dividends $2,353 $69 ($385) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Issuance (Repurchase) of Common Stock $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING $6,822 ($22) ($1,154) ($390) ($250) ($250) ($250) ($250) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Other Miscellaneous Cash Flow Adjustments $2,865 ($169) $40 Cash at Beginning of Period $0 $411 $777 $407 $500 $500 $500 $500 Increase (Decrease) in Cash $411 $366 ($370) $93 $0 $0 $0 $0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CASH AT END OF PERIOD $411 $777 $407 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 ============================================================================== A-12
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COMMON STOCK PRICE/VOLUME ANALYSIS MHGI ---------------------------------------------------------------- B-1
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MERITAGE HOSPITALITY GROUP STOCK HISTORY -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MERITAGE HOSPITALITY GROUP STOCK PRICE HISTORY [Download Table] 8/2/96 6 8/16/96 5.5 8/30/96 4.35 9/6/96 4.75 9/20/96 4.35 9/27/96 4.625 10/4/96 5.25 10/18/96 6 11/15/96 5.9375 12/6/96 5.5 1/3/97 5.25 1/24/97 5.75 2/7/97 5.375 5/9/97 4 5/23/97 4 7/4/97 3 7/25/97 2.625 8/8/97 3.25 8/29/97 3.1875 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 MERITAGE HOSPITALITY GROUP STOCK VOLUME TRADED [Enlarge/Download Table] 8/2/96 900 8/16/96 109,600 8/30/96 142,000 9/6/96 65,100 9/20/96 414,300 9/27/96 73,700 10/4/96 45,200 10/18/96 10,700 11/15/96 3,000 12/6/96 2,200 1/3/97 9,900 1/24/97 10,300 2/7/97 11,800 5/9/97 13,000 5/23/97 2,400 7/4/97 300 7/25/97 200 8/8/97 3,900 8/29/97 3,800 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 B-2
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ASSET/BOOK VALUE ANALYSIS -------------------------------------------------------------------- C-1
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THIS ANALYSIS NOT UTILIZED C-2
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS (BUDGETED SCENARIO) ------------------------------------------------------------- D-1
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WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN -- BUDGETED DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS SUMMARY [Enlarge/Download Table] 1998F 1999F 2000F 2001F 2002F -------------------------------------------------------------- Sales $27,783 $28,477 $29,189 $29,919 $30,667 Sales Growth 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% EBIT $778 $855 $906 $973 $1,028 EBIT% 2.8% 3.0% 3.1% 3.3% 3.4% Adjustments ----------- Rebates $271 $278 $285 $292 $299 Additional Rent Expense ($496) ($509) ($521) ($534) ($548) Expense Reduction $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 -------------------------------------------------------------- Total Adjustments ($225) ($231) ($236) ($242) ($249) Adjusted EBIT $553 $624 $670 $731 $779 -------------------------------------------------------------- Adjusted EBIT% 2.0% 2.2% 2.3% 2.4% 2.5% Taxes @ 34.0% ($188) ($212) ($228) ($249) ($265) NOL Carry Forward Tax Credit $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Sources-(Uses) of Cash Net Change in Working Capital ($51) $24 $24 $25 $25 Depreciation & Amortization $896 $939 $981 $1,024 $1,067 Capital Expenditures ($300) ($300) ($300) ($300) ($300) ============================================================== Operating Cash Flow $910 $1,074 $1,148 $1,232 $1,307 ============================================================== Takeout Value EBIT $779 Less NOL Carry Forward (No adjustment using EBIT multiple) $0 ------------ Sustainable Cash Flow $779 EBIT Multiple $5.5 ------------ Takeout $4,286 Cash Flow Discount Rate 13.6% Takeout Discount Rate 13.6% Cash Flows from Operations $910 $1,074 $1,148 $1,232 $1,307 Cash Flow from Takeout $4,286 -------------------------------------------------------------- Present Value of Cash Flows from Opers. $801 $833 $784 $741 $692 Present Value of Cash Flows from Takeout $2,269 ============================================================== Present Value Total $801 $1,634 $2,418 $3,159 $6,119 D-2
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WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN -- BUDGETED DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS SUMMARY [Enlarge/Download Table] Weighted Average Cost of Capital Calculation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proportion Opportunity Tax After-Tax Contribution Source of Capital of Capital Cost Benefit Cost to WACC ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Senior Debt 60.0% 9.0% 34.0% 5.9% 3.6% Mezzanine Debt 0.0% 20.0% 34.0% 13.2% 0.0% Equity 40.0% 25.0% 25.0% 10.0% --------- Weighted Average Cost of Capital 13.6% --------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Discounted Cash Flow Assumptions Takeout Calculation ---------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- Cash Flow Discount Rate / WACC 13.6% EBIT $779 EBIT Multiple 5.5x EBIT Multiple 5.5x --------- Takeout Discount Rate 13.6% Takeout Value $4,284 ---------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- Discounted Cash Flow Calculation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # of Years to Discount Present Year Cash Flow Discount Factor Value Price/Share ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1998F $ 910 1 0.8806 $801 $637.56 1999F $ 1,074 2 0.7754 $833 $662.62 2000F $ 1,148 3 0.6828 $784 $623.65 2001F $ 1,232 4 0.6012 $741 $589.29 2002F $ 1,307 5 0.5294 $692 $550.48 Take out $ 4,284 5 0.5294 $2,268 $1,804.69 ---------------------- Intrinsic Value $6,119 $4,868.42 Adjustment to Shareholder Value ------------------------------------- Plus Excess Cash & Mkt. Secs. $0 $0.00 Plus: Prepaids & Other Assets $0 $0.00 Plus: Remaining NOL Value $0 $0.00 Less Existing Debt ($3,609) ($2,871.58) ---------------------- SHAREHOLDER VALUE $2,510 $1,996.84 ---------------------- Price / Share ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ D-3
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS (AGGRESSIVE SCENARIO) ------------------------------------------------------------ D-4
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WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN -- AGGRESSIVE DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS SUMMARY [Enlarge/Download Table] 1998F 1999F 2000F 2001F 2002F -------------------------------------------------------------- Sales $27,783 $28,477 $29,189 $29,919 $30,667 Sales Growth 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% EBIT $1,028 $1,083 $1,139 $1,153 $1,212 EBIT% 3.7% 3.8% 3.9% 3.9% 4.0% Adjustments ----------- Rebates $296 $303 $310 $317 $324 Additional Rent Expense ($496) ($509) ($521) ($534) ($548) Expense Reduction $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 -------------------------------------------------------------- Total Adjustments ($200) ($206) ($211) ($217) ($224) Adjusted EBIT $828 $877 $928 $936 $988 -------------------------------------------------------------- Adjusted EBIT% 3.0% 3.1% 3.2% 3.1% 3.2% Taxes @ 34.0% ($282) ($298) ($316) ($318) ($336) NOL Carry Forward Tax Credit $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Sources - (Uses) of Cash Net Change in Working Capital ($56) $25 $24 $29 $25 Depreciation & Amortization $896 $939 $981 $1,024 $1,067 Capital Expenditures ($300) ($300) ($300) ($300) ($300) -------------------------------------------------------------- Operating Cash Flow $1,086 $1,243 $1,318 $1,370 $1,445 ============================================================== Takeout Value EBIT $988 Less NOL Carry Forward (No Adjustment using EBIT multiple) $0 ------------ Sustainable Cash Flow $988 EBIT Multiple 5.5 ------------ Takeout $5,435 Cash Flow Discount Rate 13.6% Takeout Discount Rate 13.6% Cash Flows from Operations $1,086 $1,243 $1,318 $1,370 $1,445 Cash Flow from Takeout $5,435 -------------------------------------------------------------- Present Value of Cash Flows from Opers. $957 $964 $900 $824 $765 Present Value of Cash Flows from Takeout $2,878 ============================================================== Present Value Total $957 $1,920 $2,820 $3,644 $7,287 D-5
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WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN - AGGRESSIVE DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS SUMMARY [Enlarge/Download Table] Weighted Average Cost of Capital Calculation Preparation of Opportunity Contribution to Source of Capital Capital Cost Tax Benefit After-Tax Cost WACC Senior Debt 60.0% 9.0% 34.0% 5.9% 3.6% Mezzazine Debt 0.9% 20.0% 34.0% 13.2% 0.0% Equity 49.9% 23.0% 23.0% 10.0% ------ Weighted Average Cost of Capital 13.6% ====== Discounted Cash Flow Assumptions Takeout Calculation Cash Flow Discount Rate/WACC 13.6 % EBIT $988 EBIT Multiple 5.5x EBIT Multiple 5.5x ------ Takeout Discount Rate 13.6 % Takeout Value $1,439 Discounted Cash Flow Calculation # of Years To Discount Year Cash Flow Discount Factor Present Value Price/Share -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1998F $1,084 1 0.6606 $937 $762.22 1999F $1,243 2 0.7734 $963 $766.39 2000F $1,318 3 0.6820 $900 $713.99 2001F $1,371 4 0.6012 $824 $655.80 2002F $1,445 5 0.5294 $765 $608.67 Take out $5,435 5 0.5294 $2,878 $2,289.55 ------------------------------ Intrinsic Value $7,287 $5,797.82 Adjustment to Shareholder Value ------------------------------- Plus Excess Cash/Mkt Secu. $0 $0.00 Plus: Prepaids & Other Assets $0 $0.09 Plus: Remaining NOL Value $0 $0.00 Less Existing Debt ($3,609) $2,871.58 ------------------------- Shareholder Value $3,678 $2,926.24 ========================= Price/Share D-6
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS (CONSERVATIVE SCENARIO) --------------------------------------------------------------- D-7
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WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN -- CONSERVATIVE DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS SUMMARY [Enlarge/Download Table] 1998F 1999F 2000F 2001F 2002F -------------------------------------------------------------- Sales $27,783 $28,477 $29,189 $29,919 $30,667 Sales Growth 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% EBIT $695 $712 $730 $763 $782 EBIT% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.6% 2.6% Adjustments ----------- Rebates $246 $253 $260 $267 $274 Additional Rent Expense ($496) ($509) ($521) ($534) ($548) Expense Reduction $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 -------------------------------------------------------------- Total Adjustments ($250) ($256) ($261) ($267) ($274) Adjusted EBIT $445 $456 $469 $496 $508 -------------------------------------------------------------- Adjusted EBIT% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.7% 1.7% Taxes @ 34.0% ($151) ($155) ($159) ($169) ($173) NOL Carry Forward Tax Credit $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Sources - (Uses) of Cash Net Change in Working Capital ($51) $25 $22 $25 $25 Depreciation & Amortization $896 $939 $981 $1,024 $1,067 Capital Expenditures ($300) ($300) ($300) ($300) ($300) ============================================================== Operating Cash Flow $838 $965 $1,013 $1,077 $1,128 ============================================================== Takeout Value EBIT $508 Less NOL Carry Forward (No adjustment using EBIT multiple) $0 ------------ Sustainable Cash Flow $508 EBIT Multiple 5.5 ------------ Takeout $2,794 Cash Flow Discount Rate 13.6% Takeout Discount Rate 13.6% Cash Flows from Operations $838 $965 $1,013 $1,077 $1,128 Cash Flow from Takeout $2,794 -------------------------------------------------------------- Present Value of Cash Flows from Opers. $738 $748 $692 $647 $597 Present Value of Cash Flows from Takeout $1,479 ============================================================== Present Value Total $738 $1,487 $2,178 $2,826 $4,902 D-8
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WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN - CONSERVATIVE DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS SUMMARY [Enlarge/Download Table] Weighted Average Cost of Capital Calculation Preparation of Opportunity Contribution to SOURCE OF CAPITAL Capital Cost Tax Benefit After-Tax Cost WACC Senior Debt 60.0% 9.0% 34.0% 5.9% 3.6% Mezzanine Debt 0.0% 20.0% 34.0% 13.2% 0.0% Equity 40.0% 25.0% 23.0% 10.0% ---- Weighted Average Cost of Capital 13.6% ==== Discounted Cash Flow Assumptions Takeout Calculation Cash Flow Discount Rate/WACC 13.6% EBIT $598 EBIT Multiple 5.5x EBIT Multiple 5.5x ------ Takeout Discount Rate 13.6% Takeout Value $2,793 ====== Discounted Cash Flow Calculations # of Years to Discount Year Cash Flow Discount Factor Present Value Price/Share ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1998F $839 1 0.8806 $738 $587.58 1999F $965 2 0.7754 $748 $595.24 2000F $1,014 3 0.6828 $692 $550.61 2001F $1,077 4 0.6012 $647 $324.99 2002F $1,128 5 0.5294 $597 $475.10 Take out $2,793 5 0.5294 $1,479 $1,176.53 -------------------------- Intrinsic Value $4,982 $3,900.04 Adjustment to Shareholder Value ------------------------------- Plus Excess Cash/Mkt. Secu. $0 $0.00 Plus: Prepaids & Other Assets $0 $0.00 Plus: Remaining NOL Value $0 $0.00 Less Existing Debt ($3,609) ($2,071.58) -------------------------- Shareholder Value $1,293 $1,028.47 ========================== Price/Share D-9
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COMPARABLE COMPANY ANALYSIS -------------------------------------------------------- E-1
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[Enlarge/Download Table] WENDYS OF WEST MICHIGAN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP ANALYSIS OF COMPARABLE PUBLICITY - TRADED COMPANIES Stock Price(1) ----------------------------------------- Company FYE Symbol Close 52 WK H 52 WK L -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AU BON PAIN CO., INC. 12/30 ABPCA $8.75 $9.00 $5.44 BLIMPIE INTERNATIONAL, INC. 6/30 BMPE $4.56 $13.25 $4.38 BOSTON CHICKEN, INC. 12/31 BOST $14.13 $41.50 $10.63 SCHLOTZSKY'S, INC. 12/31 BUNZ $18.75 $20.38 $9.25 BACK YARD BURGERS, INC. 12/30 BYBI $1.88 $2.44 $1.63 CHECKERS DRIVE-IN REST. 1/1 CHKR $1.25 $3.03 $0.72 CKE RESTAURANTS, INC. 1/31 CKR $42.88 $43.13 $18.38 CONSOLIDATED PRODUCTS 9/27 COP $18.06 $19.00 $14.00 DAVCO RESTAURANTS, INC. 9/30 DVC $17.88 $18.13 $8.38 EINSTEIN/NOAH BAGEL CORP 12/31 ENBX $12.69 $36.50 $8.75 KOO KOO ROO, INC. 12/31 KKRO $5.31 $8.81 $3.50 MCDONALD'S CORPORATION 12/31 MCD $46.69 $54.88 $42.50 MORGAN'S FOODS, INC. 3/3 MR $2.13 $4.13 $1.50 NATHAN'S FAMOUS 3/31 NATH $4.25 $4.56 $2.75 NPC INTERNATIONAL, INC. 3/26 NPCI $12.44 $12.63 $7.88 PJ AMERICA, INC. 12/31 PJAM $15.94 $22.25 $12.13 PAPA JOHN'S INT'L, INC. 12/31 PZZA $33.00 $39.50 $22.63 QUALITY DINING, INC. 10/29 QDIN $6.06 $30.50 $3.38 RALLY'S HAMBURGERS, INC. 12/31 RLLY $2.88 $5.00 $1.88 SBARRO, INC. 12/31 SBA $27.00 $29.75 $24.25 SHOWBIZ PIZZA TIME, INC. 12/29 SHBZ $23.88 $27.38 $14.00 TACO CABANA, INC. 12/31 TACO $5.50 $8.13 $3.75 WENDY'S INTERNATIONAL 12/31 WEN $21.88 $27.94 $18.25 Shares Market Agg. Funded Debt/ Company Outsdg. Equity Value(2) Debt Equity(5) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (000,S) ($MM) ($MM) ($MM) AU BON PAIN CO., INC. 10,102 $88.4 $167.7 $82.3 91.0% BLIMPIE INTERNATIONAL, INC 9,526 $43.4 $40.2 $0.0 0.0% BOSTON CHICKEN, INC. 68,318 $965.3 $1,521.7 $732.5 73.0% SCHLOTZSKY'S, INC. 5,549 $104.0 $100.3 $3.8 11.0% BACK YARD BURGERS, INC. 4,246 $8.0 $9.2 $2.1 26.0% CHECKERS DRIVE-IN REST. 60,750 $75.9 $110.7 $38.7 73.0% CKE RESTAURANTS, INC. 41,786 $1,791.8 $1,849.7 $86.1 38.0% CONSOLIDATED PRODUCTS 16,535 $298.6 $350.3 $53.1 75.0% DAVCO RESTAURANTS, INC. 6,429 $115.0 $167.1 $53.5 114.0% EINSTEIN/NOAH BAGEL CORP 33,270 $422.2 $477.0 $125.0 37.0% KOO KOO ROO, INC. 17,167 $91.2 $84.3 $2.4 3.0% MCDONALD'S CORPORATION 688,017 $32,123.5 $37,563.9 $5,742.6 66.0% MORGAN'S FOODS, INC. 2,942 $6.3 $16.4 $12.6 399.0% NATHAN'S FAMOUS 4,722 $20.1 $19.9 $0.0 0.0% NPC INTERNATIONAL, INC. 24,668 $306.9 $511.1 $209.5 206.0% PJ AMERICA, INC. 5,505 $87.7 $83.9 $0.0 0.0% PAPA JOHN'S INT'L, INC. 28,958 $955.6 $947.7 $1.5 1.0% QUALITY DINING, INC. 16,910 $102.5 $241.2 $140.8 204.0% RALLY'S HAMBURGERS, INC. 20,826 $60.0 $125.8 $69.1 370.0% SBARRO, INC. 20,440 $551.9 $459.1 $0.0 0.0% SHOWBIZ PIZZA TIME, INC. 18,753 $447.8 $464.0 $28.9 18.0% TACO CABANA, INC. 14,827 $81.5 $96.4 $14.9 13.0% WENDY'S INTERNATIONAL 131,704 $2,881.7 $2,877.6 $246.6 18.0% Aggregate Value As a Multiple of L12M: ----------------------------------------------- LTM L12M L12M L12M --------------------------------------- Company Sales4 EBIT4 EBITDA4 Sales EBIT EBITDA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ($MM) ($MM) ($MM) AU BON PAIN CO., INC. $243.4 $4.6 $21.2 0.7 x 36.5 x 7.9 x BLIMPIE INTERNATIONAL, IN $37.8 $4.7 $5.1 1.1 x 8.6 x 7.9 x BOSTON CHICKEN, INC. $334.0 $108.8 $138.3 4.6 x 14.0 x 11.0 x SCHLOTZSKY'S, INC. $22.4 $2.8 $4.6 4.5 x 35.8 x 21.8 x BACK YARD BURGERS, INC. $24.5 $0.3 $1.4 0.4 x 30.7 x 6.6 x CHECKERS DRIVE-IN REST. $155.8 ($18.8) ($6.5) 0.7 x n/a x n/a x CKE RESTAURANTS, INC. $696.6 $50.1 $81.1 2.7 x 36.9 x 22.8 x CONSOLIDATED PRODUCTS $255.4 $25.0 $37.8 1.4 x 14.0 x 9.3 x DAVCO RESTAURANTS, INC. $221.4 $16.3 $24.9 0.8 x 10.2 x 6.7 x EINSTEIN/NOAH BAGEL CORP $55.7 $4.1 $9.5 8.6 x 116.3 x 50.2 x KOO KOO ROO, INC. $45.0 ($13.6) ($8.3) 1.9 x n/a x n/a x MCDONALD'S CORPORATION $11,045.6 $2,655.9 $3,413.8 3.4 x 14.1 x 11.0 x MORGAN'S FOODS, INC. $38.3 $0.4 $2.1 0.4 x 40.9 x 7.8 x NATHAN'S FAMOUS $26.7 $1.3 $2.8 0.7 x 15.3 x 7.1 x NPC INTERNATIONAL, INC. $326.0 $35.4 $53.7 1.6 x 14.4 x 9.5 x PJ AMERICA, INC. $16.8 $1.7 $2.2 5.0 x 49.3 x 38.1 x PAPA JOHN'S INT'L, INC. $392.9 $29.0 $39.9 2.4 x 32.7 x 23.8 x QUALITY DINING, INC. $286.2 $12.1 $29.1 0.8 x 19.9 x 8.3 x RALLY'S HAMBURGERS, INC. $144.2 $7.8 $18.2 0.9 x 16.1 x 6.9 x SBARRO, INC. $332.8 $56.5 $79.6 1.4 x 8.1 x 5.8 x SHOWBIZ PIZZA TIME, INC. $319.9 $50.1 $75.8 1.5 x 9.3 x 6.1 x TACO CABANA, INC. $130.0 $6.9 $16.6 0.7 x 14.0 x 5.8 x WENDY'S INTERNATIONAL $1,994.5 $287.9 $355.9 1.4 x 10.0 x 8.1 x -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MEDIAN: 1.4 x 15.3 x 8.1 MEAN: 2.1 26.1 13.5 MEAN (excluding high and low) 1.8 22.3 11.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Share Price as a Multiple of: Market ---------------------------------------------- Book Equity/ L12M 1197E 1998E Value/ Book Company EPS EPS(3) EPS(3) Share(4) Value ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AU BON PAIN CO., INC. n/m x 43.8 x 25.0 x $7.65 1.1 x BLIMPIE INTERNATIONAL, IN 12.7 x n/a x n/a x $1.94 2.4 x BOSTON CHICKEN, INC. 12.7 x 13.2 x 10.5 x $15.06 0.9 x SCHLOTZSKY'S, INC. 27.2 x 22.9 x 17.4 x $6.21 3.0 x BACK YARD BURGERS, INC. 20.9 x n/a x n/a x $1.95 1.0 x CHECKERS DRIVE-IN REST. n/m x n/a x n/a x $0.87 1.4 x CKE RESTAURANTS, INC. 44.8 x 40.5 x 29.6 x $6.74 6.4 x CONSOLIDATED PRODUCTS 18.5 x 17.9 x 15.2 x $4.56 4.0 x DAVCO RESTAURANTS, INC. 31.4 x 16.0 x 14.3 x $7.78 2.3 x EINSTEIN/NOAH BAGEL CORP 21.9 x 20.5 x 15.5 x $10.01 1.3 x KOO KOO ROO, INC. n/m x n/a x n/a x $3.95 1.3 x MCDONALD'S CORPORATION 20.1 x 19.2 x 17.1 x $12.21 3.8 x MORGAN'S FOODS, INC. n/m x n/a x n/a x $1.11 1.9 x NATHAN'S FAMOUS 23.6 x n/a x n/a x $4.76 0.9 x NPC INTERNATIONAL, INC. 17.0 x 13.5 x 10.9 x $4.12 3.0 x PJ AMERICA, INC. n/m x 23.4 x 19.7 x $3.89 4.1 x PAPA JOHN'S INT'L, INC. 41.1 x 35.9 x 27.7 x $6.45 5.1 x QUALITY DINING, INC. n/m x n/a x 22.4 x $4.08 1.5 x RALLY'S HAMBURGERS, INC. n/m x 24.0 x 4.8 x $0.93 3.1 x SBARRO, INC. 14.3 x 13.6 x 12.3 x $10.19 2.6 x SHOWBIZ PIZZA TIME, INC. 23.0 x 18.8 x 16.0 x $8.45 2.8 x TACO CABANA, INC. 39.3 x 23.9 x 16.7 x $7.63 0.7 x WENDY'S INTERNATIONAL 18.2 x 16.0 x 13.9 x $10.00 2.2 x ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MEDIAN: 21.x 19.x 16.x $6.21 2.3 x MEAN: 24.2 22.7 17.0 $6.11 2.5 MEAN (excluding high and low) 23.5 21.9 17.0 $5.93 2.4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <FN> All Financials taken from Strategic Investor data service except as noted NOTES: (1)Closing prices as of 9/15/97 (2)Aggregate value equals market value of equity plus total debt and preferred stock net of cash and marketable securities (3)Based on median I/B/E/S estimates as of 9/16/97 (4)Financials taken from Bloomberg System (5)Debt/Equity consists of Total Funded Debt to Total Balance Sheet Equity (6)Current Ratio consists of latest quarter Current Assets to latest quarter Current Liabilities E-2
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WENDYS OF WEST MICHIGAN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP ANALYSIS OF COMPARABLE PUBLICITY - TRADED COMPANIES [Enlarge/Download Table] Stock Price(1) ------------------------------------- Company FYE Symbol Close 52 WK H 52 WK L ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AU BON PAIN CO., INC. 12/30 ABPCA $8.75 $9.00 $5.44 BLIMPIE INTERNATIONAL, INC. 6/30 BMPE $4.56 $13.25 $4.38 BOSTON CHICKEN, INC. 12/31 BOST $14.13 $41.50 $10.63 SCHLOTZSKY'S, INC. 12/31 BUNZ $18.75 $20.38 $9.25 BACK YARD BURGERS, INC. 12/30 BYBI $1.88 $2.44 $1.63 CHECKERS DRIVE-IN REST. 1/1 CHKR $1.25 $3.03 $0.72 CKE RESTAURANTS, INC. 1/31 CKR $42.88 $43.13 $18.38 CONSOLIDATED PRODUCTS 9/27 COP $18.06 $19.00 $14.00 DAVCO RESTAURANTS, INC. 9/30 DVC $17.88 $18.13 $8.38 EINSTEIN/NOAH BAGEL CORP 12/31 ENBX $12.69 $36.50 $8.75 KOO KOO ROO, INC. 12/31 KKRO $5.31 $8.81 $3.50 MCDONALD'S CORPORATION 12/31 MCD $46.69 $54.88 $42.50 MORGAN'S FOODS, INC. 3/3 MR $2.13 $4.13 $1.50 NATHAN'S FAMOUS 3/31 NATH $4.25 $4.56 $2.75 NPC INTERNATIONAL, INC. 3/26 NPCI $12.44 $12.63 $7.88 PJ AMERICA, INC. 12/31 PJAM $15.94 $22.25 $12.13 PAPA JOHN'S INT'L, INC. 12/31 PZZA $33.00 $39.50 $22.63 QUALITY DINING, INC. 10/29 QDIN $6.06 $30.50 $3.38 RALLY'S HAMBURGERS, INC. 12/31 RLLY $2.88 $5.00 $1.88 SBARRO, INC. 12/31 SBA $27.00 $29.75 $24.25 SHOWBIZ PIZZA TIME, INC. 12/29 SHBZ $23.88 $27.38 $14.00 TACO CABANA, INC. 12/31 TACO $5.50 $8.13 $3.75 WENDY'S INTERNATIONAL 12/31 WEN $21.88 $27.94 $18.25 Common Stock Price ------------------------- As a % of Premium to Institutional Ownership 52 WK 52 WK Public ----------------------- LTM Dividend Company High Low Float Net Purch. % Owned Dividend Yield ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AU BON PAIN CO., INC. 97.2% 60.8% 6,600 99 54.5% n/a 0.00% BLIMPIE INTERNATIONAL, INC. 34.4% 4.1% 3,900 (146) 4.4% $0.03 0.66% BOSTON CHICKEN, INC. 34.0% 32.9% 32,100 (1,063) 71.3% n/a 0.00% SCHLOTZSKY'S, INC. 92.0% 102.7% 2,900 (48) 13.8% n/a 0.00% BACK YARD BURGERS, INC. 77.0% 15.3% 3,100 0 1.1% n/a 0.00% CHECKERS DRIVE-IN REST. 41.3% 73.6% 57,700 (204) 3.8% n/a 0.00% CKE RESTAURANTS, INC. 99.4% 133.3% 32,600 2,017 55.5% $0.08 0.19% CONSOLIDATED PRODUCTS 95.1% 29.0% 9,900 126 33.2% n/a 0.00% DAVCO RESTAURANTS, INC. 98.6% 113.4% 2,300 82 67.4% n/a 0.00% EINSTEIN/NOAH BAGEL CORP 34.8% 45.0% 12,300 2,676 20.9% n/a 0.00% KOO KOO ROO, INC. 60.3% 51.7% 5,300 262 13.5% n/a 0.00% MCDONALD'S CORPORATION 85.1% 9.9% 681,100 5,813 52.2% $0.33 0.71% MORGAN'S FOODS, INC. 51.6% 42.0% 1,600 (106) 40.8% n/a 0.00% NATHAN'S FAMOUS 93.2% 54.5% 1,800 328 14.8% n/a 0.00% NPC INTERNATIONAL, INC. 98.5% 57.9% 8,900 416 25.1% n/a 0.00% PJ AMERICA, INC. 71.6% 31.4% 3,900 911 31.8% n/a 0.00% PAPA JOHN'S INT'L, INC. 83.5% 45.8% 9,600 3,765 79.8% n/a 0.00% QUALITY DINING, INC. 19.9% 79.3% 9,100 367 35.4% n/a 0.00% RALLY'S HAMBURGERS, INC. 57.6% 53.2% 1,900 830 19.1% n/a 0.00% SBARRO, INC. 90.8% 11.3% 12,700 1,535 57.5% $1.08 4.00% SHOWBIZ PIZZA TIME, INC. 87.2% 70.6% 15,000 1,727 69.0% n/a 0.00% TACO CABANA, INC. 67.7% 46.7% 9,300 38 66.7% n/a 0.00% WENDY'S INTERNATIONAL 78.3% 19.9% 108,000 34 53.6% $0.24 1.10% --------------------------------------------------------------------- MEDIAN: $0.24 0.00% MEAN: $0.35 0.29% MEAN (excluding high and low) $0.22 0.13% --------------------------------------------------------------------- Level 1 ROA ------------- Total Oper. Inc./ Working Current EBIT EBITDA Company Assets TA - Cash Capital Ratio(6) Margin Margin ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (MM) AU BON PAIN CO., INC. $192.8 2.42% $7.9 1.39 1.9% 8.7% BLIMPIE INTERNATIONAL, IN $23.8 22.88% $8.2 0.00 12.4% 13.5% BOSTON CHICKEN, INC. $2,005.8 5.95% $182.6 5.07 32.6% 41.4% SCHLOTZSKY'S, INC. $42.3 8.08% $11.9 5.09 12.5% 20.5% BACK YARD BURGERS, INC. $11.3 2.87% $0.3 1.26 1.2% 5.7% CHECKERS DRIVE-IN REST. $124.9 -15.54% ($16.2) 0.51 -12.1% -4.2% CKE RESTAURANTS, INC. $410.0 13.12% ($17.4) 0.79 7.2% 11.6% CONSOLIDATED PRODUCTS $157.9 15.97% ($20.5) 0.43 9.8% 14.8% DAVCO RESTAURANTS, INC. $118.3 13.94% ($28.1) 0.16 7.4% 11.2% EINSTEIN/NOAH BAGEL CORP $482.8 0.99% $71.0 5.97 7.4% 17.1% KOO KOO ROO, INC. $74.3 -20.89% $9.4 4.64 -30.2% -18.4% MCDONALD'S CORPORATION $17,562.0 15.39% ($1,400.9) 0.44 24.0% 30.9% MORGAN'S FOODS, INC. $19.9 2.30% ($1.6) 0.68 1.0% 5.5% NATHAN'S FAMOUS $28.0 4.68% $5.0 1.92 4.9% 10.5% NPC INTERNATIONAL, INC. $378.7 9.48% ($28.1) 0.39 10.9% 16.5% PJ AMERICA, INC. $23.5 8.65% $14.6 7.72 10.1% 13.1% PAPA JOHN'S INT'L, INC. $226.6 13.35% $14.2 1.61 7.4% 10.2% QUALITY DINING, INC. $262.0 4.66% ($20.3) 0.57 4.2% 10.2% RALLY'S HAMBURGERS, INC. $111.3 7.22% ($9.6) 0.53 5.4% 12.6% SBARRO, INC. $251.0 35.72% $74.4 3.69 17.0% 23.9% SHOWBIZ PIZZA TIME, INC. $227.6 23.31% $2.3 1.06 15.7% 23.7% TACO CABANA, INC. $143.2 4.82% ($5.7) 0.53 5.3% 12.8% WENDY'S INTERNATIONAL $1,867.4 17.81% $184.0 1.93 14.4% 17.8% --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MEDIAN: $157.9 8.08% $2.3 1.06 7.4% 12.8% MEAN: $1,075.9 8.57% ($41.9) 2.02 7.4% 13.5% MEAN (excluding high and low) $341.5 8.68% $12.1 1.84 8.0% 13.6% --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <FN> All Financials taken from Strategic Investor data service except as noted NOTES: (1)Closing prices as of 9/15/97 (2)Aggregate value equals market value of equity plus total debt and preferred stock net of cash and marketable securities (3)Based on median I/B/E/S estimates as of 9/16/97 (4)Financials taken from Bloomberg System (5)Debt/Equity consists of Total Funded Debt to Total Balance Sheet Equity (6)Current Ratio consists of latest quarter Current Assets to latest quarter Current Liabilities E-3
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WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP COMPARABLE COMPANIES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Au Bon Pain Company, Inc. Au Bon Pain Company, Inc. is a chain of 289 bakery cafes, 231 of which are company-owned and operated. The Company, which does business under the names "Au Bon Pain" and "Saint Louis Bread Company," positions its bakery cafes to serve customers where they work and shop. Au Bon Pain has bakery cafes throughout the United States and in Santiago, Chile. Back Yard Burgers, Inc. Back Yard Burgers, Inc. operates and franchises quick-service restaurants in 15 states. The Company's menu is diverse, emphasizing made-to-order charbroiled burgers, chicken sandwiches, name-brand condiments and other items. Back Yard operates or franchises approximately 44 stores. Blimpie International, Inc. Blimpie International, Inc. franchises, subfranchises and master licenses a chain of non-cooking, quick service sandwich outlets know as "Blimpie" outlets. The main products sold in a Blimpie outlet are sub sandwiches and salads. The Company has outlets across the United States and worldwide. Boston Chicken, Inc. Boston Chicken, Inc. operates and franchises food service stores. The stores specialize in complete meals which include rotisserie roasted chicken and fresh vegetables, salads and other side dishes. Boston Chicken operates 1,087 stores in 38 states and the District of Columbia under the name "Boston Market." Checkers Drive-In Restaurants, Inc. Checkers Drive-In Restaurants, Inc., based in Clearwater, Florida, operates and franchises Checkers "double drive-through" quick service hamburger restaurants. These Restaurants provide automobile-oriented service, featuring hamburgers, french fries, hot dogs, chicken and fish sandwiches, soft drinks and milkshakes. The Restaurants are located throughout the United States. CKE Restaurants, Inc. CKE Restaurants, Inc. is the parent company of Carl Karcher Enterprises, Inc., Casa Bonita Incorporated and Summit Family Restaurants Inc. The Company operates "Rally's" quick- service restaurants, "Taco Bueno" quick-service restaurants, "JB's Restaurants," "HomeTown Buffet" restaurants and "Galaxy Diner" restaurants. E-4
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WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP COMPARABLE COMPANIES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Consolidated Products, Inc. Consolidated Products, Inc. operates 208 company-owned and franchised restaurants throughout Southern and Midwestern states. The restaurants operate under the name of "Steak n Shake," which offer steakburgers, french fries, milkshakes and breakfast. The Company also operates casual, sports, Mexican and western restaurants as well as coffee shops throughout the South. Davco Restaurants, Inc. Davco Restaurants, Inc. operates approximately 228 fast food restaurants under the trade name "Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers". The Company maintains these franchises primarily throughout the Mid-Atlantic states. Einstein/Noah Bagel Corp. Einstein/Noah Bagel Corp. operates and franchises specialty retail stores that feature fresh-baked bagels, cream cheeses, specialty coffee drinks, soups, sandwiches and salads. The Company operates its stores in the United States under the names "Einstein Bros. Bagels" and "Noah's New York Bagels." Koo Koo Roo, Inc. Koo Koo Roo, Inc. operates and franchises fast-food restaurants featuring flame broiled skinless chicken under the names "Koo Koo Roo" and "Color Me Mine." The company owns and operates 28 restaurants, 24 in California, two in Florida, one in Colorado and one in New York. McDonald's Corporation McDonald's Corporation develops, operates, franchises and services a worldwide system of restaurants. These restaurants prepare, assemble, package and sell a limited menu of quickly-prepared, moderately-priced foods. There are over 21,000 restaurants in the United States and 102 countries worldwide. Food items include hamburgers, chicken, salads, breakfast foods and beverages. Morgan's Foods, Inc. Morgan's Foods, Inc. operates 40 "Kentucky Fried Chicken" restaurants in five states. The Company also operates six "East Side Mario's" restaurants in Cleveland/Akron and Columbus, Ohio. E-5
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WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP COMPARABLE COMPANIES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nathan's Famous Inc. Nathan's Famous Inc. operates and franchises fast food outlets featuring its famous all beef hot dogs, fresh french fries and other items. The Company's outlets are placed in airports, travel plazas, stadiums, military facilities and schools. Nathan's also licenses the "Nathan's Famous" trademark to Morrell for the manufacture of its hot dogs for sale to supermarkets. NPC International, Inc. NPC International, Inc. is a "Pizza Hut" franchisee operating over 600 restaurants and delivery kitchens in 20 states. Through its subsidiary, Romacorp, Inc., the Company is owner/franchiser of "Tony Roma's-Famous for Ribs." Romacorp operates 40 "Tony Roma's" units and, through its affiliates, franchises another 140 including 49 international facilities. Papa John's International, Inc. Papa John's International, Inc. operates franchise pizza delivery and carry-out restaurants under the "Papa John's" trademark. The Company operates 1,160 restaurants, 303 company-owned and 857 franchised restaurants, operating in 32 states and the District of Columbia. PJ America Inc. PJ America Inc. is a franchise of Papa John's pizza restaurants. The Company currently operates 46 Papa John's restaurants in Alabama, Virginia and Texas and has the rights to develop restaurants in Vancouver, Canada and certain parts of California and the commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Quality Dining, Inc. Quality Dining, Inc. owns and operates quick-service and casual dining restaurants. The Company owns the Bruegger's Bagel Bakery," "Grady's American Grill," "Spageddies Italian Kitchen" and "Papa Vino's Italian Kitchen" concepts. The Company also operates "Burger King" restaurants and "Chili's Grill & Bar" restaurants as a franchisee. Rally's Hamburgers, Inc. Rally's Hamburgers, Inc. operates and franchises double drive-through quick-service hamburger restaurants. These restaurants offer a limited menu of food service hamburger restaurants. These restaurants offer a limited menu of food items at prices comparably lower than their competitors. There are approximately 474 company-owned and franchised restaurants located in 19 states. E-6
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WENDY'S OF WEST MICHIGAN LIMITED PARTNERSHIP COMPARABLE COMPANIES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sbarro, Inc. Sbarro, Inc. develops and operates a chain of family-style, cafeteria-type Italian restaurants under the "Sbarro" and "Sbarro The Italian Eatery" names. The Company currently owns 820 and franchises 214 restaurants in the United States and abroad. Schlotzsky's, Inc. Schlotzsky's, Inc. franchises quick service restaurants that offer made-to-order sandwiches served on distinctive sourdough bread, pizzas, salads and soups. The Company currently operates over 600 "Schlotzsky's" restaurants worldwide. Showbiz Pizza Time, Inc. Showbiz Pizza Time, Inc. operates a system of 314 "Chuck E. Cheese's" restaurants in 44 states, of which 244 are Company operated. The Company's restaurants offer pizza, sandwiches and other menu items and feature entertainment by life-size computer controlled robotic characters, rides and arcade games. Taco Cabana Taco Cabana operates a chain of 121 Mexican food restaurants which are operated directly or through franchises. The Company's restaurants are currently located in eight states. Wendy's International, Inc. Wendy's International, Inc. operates, develops and franchises a system of fast food restaurants. The Restaurants offer hamburgers, salads and chicken sandwiches. The Company operates or franchises over 4,933 "Wendy's" and "Tim Hortons" restaurants in the United States and 33 countries and territories. E-7

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