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AB Institutional Funds Inc, et al. – ‘485BPOS’ on 1/30/15

On:  Friday, 1/30/15, at 4:59pm ET   ·   Effective:  1/30/15   ·   Accession #:  919574-15-860   ·   File #s:  333-37177, 811-08403

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  As Of                Filer                Filing    For·On·As Docs:Size              Issuer               Agent

 1/30/15  AB Institutional Funds Inc        485BPOS     1/30/15    4:567K                                   Seward & Kissel LLPAB Global Real Estate Investment Fund II Class I (ARIIX)

Post-Effective Amendment
Filing Table of Contents

Document/Exhibit                   Description                      Pages   Size 

 1: 485BPOS     Post-Effective Amendment                             195±   671K 
 2: EX-99.A CHARTER  Miscellaneous Exhibit                             2      7K 
 3: EX-99.I     Miscellaneous Exhibit                                  2±     7K 
 4: EX-99.J     Miscellaneous Exhibit                                  1      5K 


485BPOS   —   Post-Effective Amendment
Document Table of Contents

Page (sequential) | (alphabetic) Top
 
11st Page   -   Filing Submission
"Ab Institutional Funds, Inc
2AB Global Real Estate Investment Fund II
4Table of Contents
5Summary Information
"Fees and Expenses of the Fund
12Illiquid Securities
17Investing in the Fund
"How to Buy Shares
"Payments to Financial Advisors and Their Firms
19How to Exchange Shares
"How to Sell or Redeem Shares
"Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Fund Shares
21How the Fund Values its Shares
22Management of the Fund
23Global Real Estate Investments
"Transfer Agency and Retirement Plan Services
24Dividends, Distributions and Taxes
25General Information
"Shareholder Services
"Householding
26Glossary
27Financial Highlights
28Appendix A
32Information About the Fund and Its Investments
"Additional Investment Policies and Practices
"Forward Commitments and When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Securities
"Securities Ratings
"Investment Restrictions
"Independent Directors
"Expenses of the Fund
"Transfer Agency Agreement
"Purchase of Shares
"Redemption and Repurchase of Shares
"Net Asset Value
"Backup Withholding
"Portfolio Transactions
33Financial Statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
34Appendix A: Statement of Policies and Procedures for Proxy Voting
"Engagement
39Item 28. Exhibits
"Item 29. Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with the Fund
"Item 30. Indemnification
"Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser
"Item 32. Principal Underwriters
"Directors
"Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records
"Item 34. Management Services
"Item 35. Undertakings
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 30, 2015 File Nos. 333-37177 811-08403 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 __________________________ FORM N-1A REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 Pre-Effective Amendment No. Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 X and/or REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 Amendment No. 30 X _______________________________ AB INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS, INC. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter) 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105 (Address of Principal Executive Office) (Zip Code) Registrant's Telephone Number, including Area Code: (800) 221-5672 _____________________________ EMILIE D. WRAPP AllianceBernstein L.P. 1345 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10105 (Name and address of agent for service) Copies of communications to: Kathleen K. Clarke Seward & Kissel LLP 901 K Street, N.W. Suite 800 Washington, D.C. 20001 It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box): [_] immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) [X] on January 30, 2015 pursuant to paragraph (b) [_] 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) [_] on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) [_] 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) [_] on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485. If appropriate, check the following box: ____This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. This Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 relates to the Class I shares of the AB Global Real Estate Investment Fund II. No information contained in the Registrant's Registration Statement relating to the Class II shares of the AB Global Real Estate Investment Fund II is amended or superseded hereby.
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[LOGO] PROSPECTUS | JANUARY 30, 2015 AB Institutional Funds AB Global Real Estate Investment Fund II (Class I--ARIIX) The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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INVESTMENT PRODUCTS OFFERED .. ARE NOT FDIC INSURED .. MAY LOSE VALUE .. ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED
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TABLE OF CONTENTS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Download Table] Page SUMMARY INFORMATION........................................... 4 AB GLOBAL REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT FUND II...................... 4 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND'S RISKS AND INVESTMENTS. 8 INVESTING IN THE FUND......................................... 16 How to Buy Shares........................................... 16 Payments to Financial Advisors and Their Firms.............. 16 How to Exchange Shares...................................... 18 How to Sell or Redeem Shares................................ 18 Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Fund Shares........... 18 How the Fund Values its Shares.............................. 20 MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND........................................ 21 DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES............................ 23 GENERAL INFORMATION........................................... 24 GLOSSARY...................................................... 25 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS.......................................... 26 APPENDIX A.................................................... A-1
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SUMMARY INFORMATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AB GLOBAL REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT FUND II -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE The Fund's investment objective is total return from long-term growth of capital and income. FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. SHAREHOLDER FEES (fees paid directly from your investment) [Enlarge/Download Table] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases None --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) None --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends None --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Exchange Fee None ANNUAL PORTFOLIO OPERATING EXPENSES (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) [Enlarge/Download Table] CLASS I ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Management Fees .55% Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees None Other Expenses: Transfer Agent .01% Other Expenses .11% ---- Total Other Expenses .12% ---- Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses .67% ==== ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXAMPLES The Examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. They assume that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated. They also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses stay the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: [Enlarge/Download Table] CLASS I ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ After 1 Year $ 68 After 3 Years $214 After 5 Years $373 After 10 Years $835 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PORTFOLIO TURNOVER The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys or sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These transaction costs, which are not reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Examples, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 78% of the average value of its portfolio. PRINCIPAL STRATEGIES Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in the equity securities of real estate investment trusts, or REITs, and other real estate industry companies, such as real estate operating companies. The Fund invests in real estate companies that the Adviser believes have strong property fundamentals and management teams. The Fund seeks to invest in real estate companies whose underlying portfolios are diversified geographically and by property type. The Fund invests in U.S. and non-U.S. issuers. Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests significantly (at least 40%--unless market conditions are not deemed favorable by the Adviser) in securities of non-U.S. companies. In addition, the Fund invests, under normal circumstances, in the equity securities of companies located in at least three countries. 4
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The Fund's investment policies emphasize investment in companies determined by the Adviser to be undervalued relative to their peers, using a fundamental value approach. In selecting real estate equity securities, the Adviser's research and investment process seeks to identify globally those companies where the magnitude and growth of cash flow streams have not been appropriately reflected in the price of the security. These securities may trade at a more attractive valuation than others that may have similar overall fundamentals. The Adviser's fundamental research efforts are focused on forecasting the short- and long-term normalized cash generation capability of real estate companies by isolating supply and demand for property types in local markets, determining the replacement value of properties, assessing future development opportunities, and normalizing capital structures of real estate companies. The Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities, which are securities that directly or indirectly represent participations in, or are collateralized by and payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property. These securities include mortgage pass-through certificates, real estate mortgage investment conduit certificates, or REMICs, and collateralized mortgage obligations, or CMOs. The Fund may also invest in short-term investment grade debt securities and other fixed-income securities. Currencies can have a dramatic impact on equity return, significantly adding to returns in some years and greatly diminishing them in others. The Adviser evaluates currency and equity positions separately and may seek to hedge the currency exposure resulting from securities positions when it finds the currency exposure unattractive. To hedge a portion of its currency risk, the Fund may from time to time invest in currency-related derivatives, including forward currency exchange contracts, futures, options on futures, swaps and options. The Adviser also may seek investment opportunities by taking long or short positions in currencies through the use of currency-related derivatives. The Fund invests in equity securities that include common stock, shares of beneficial interest of REITs, and securities with common stock characteristics, such as preferred stock or convertible securities ("real estate equity securities"). The Fund may enter into forward commitments and standby commitment agreements. The Fund may enter into other derivatives transactions, such as options, futures, forwards, and swaps. The Fund may use options strategies involving the purchase and/or writing of various combinations of call and/or put options, including on individual securities and stock indices, futures (including futures on individual securities and stock indices) or exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"). These transactions may be used, for example, to earn extra income, to adjust exposure to individual securities or markets, or to protect all or a portion of the Fund's portfolio from a decline in value, sometimes within certain ranges. The Fund may, at times, invest in ETFs in lieu of making direct investments in equity securities. ETFs may provide more efficient and economical exposure to the type of companies and geographic locations in which the Fund seeks to invest than direct investments. PRINCIPAL RISKS .. MARKET RISK: The value of the Fund's assets will fluctuate as the stock or bond market fluctuates. The value of its investments may decline, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, simply because of economic changes or other events that affect large portions of the market. .. INTEREST RATE RISK: Changes in interest rates will affect the value of investments in fixed-income securities. When interest rates rise, the value of investments in fixed-income securities tend to fall, and this decrease in value may not be offset by higher income from new investments. The Fund may be subject to a heightened risk of rising interest rates due to the current period of historically low rates and the effect of government fiscal policy initiatives, including Federal Reserve actions, and market reaction to these initiatives. The current period of historically low rates is expected to end and rates are expected to begin rising in the near future. Interest rate risk is generally greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities or durations. .. CREDIT RISK: An issuer or guarantor of a fixed-income security, or the counterparty to a derivatives or other contract, may be unable or unwilling to make timely payments of interest or principal, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The issuer or guarantor may default, causing a loss of the full principal amount of a security. The degree of risk for a particular security may be reflected in its credit rating. There is the possibility that the credit rating of a fixed-income security may be downgraded after purchase, which may adversely affect the value of the security. Investments in fixed-income securities with lower ratings tend to have a higher probability that an issuer will default or fail to meet its payment obligations. .. REAL ESTATE RISK: The Fund's investments in real estate securities have many of the same risks as direct ownership of real estate, including the risk that the value of real estate could decline due to a variety of factors affecting the real estate market generally. Investments in REITs may have additional risks. REITs are dependent on the capability of their managers, may have limited diversification, and could be significantly affected by changes in taxes. .. FOREIGN (NON-U.S.) RISK: Investment in securities of non-U.S. issuers may involve more risk than those of U.S. issuers. These securities may fluctuate more widely in price and may be less liquid due to adverse market, economic, political, regulatory or other factors. 5
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.. CURRENCY RISK: Fluctuations in currency exchange rates may negatively affect the value of the Fund's investments or reduce its returns. .. PREPAYMENT RISK: The value of mortgage-related or other asset-backed securities may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates. Early payments of principal on some mortgage-related securities may occur during periods of falling mortgage interest rates and expose the Fund to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of principal. Early payments associated with mortgage-related securities cause these securities to experience significantly greater price and yield volatility than is experienced by traditional fixed-income securities. During periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective life of mortgage-related securities, subjecting them to greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates. If the life of a mortgage-related security is inaccurately predicted, the Fund may not be able to realize the rate of return it expected. .. DERIVATIVES RISK: Derivatives may be illiquid, difficult to price, and leveraged so that small changes may produce disproportionate losses for the Fund, and may be subject to counterparty risk to a greater degree than more traditional investments. .. LEVERAGE RISK: When the Fund borrows money or otherwise leverages its portfolio, it may be more volatile because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund's investments. The Fund may create leverage through the use of reverse repurchase agreements or forward commitments, or by borrowing money. .. MANAGEMENT RISK: The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively-managed investment fund. The Adviser will apply its investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there is no guarantee that its techniques will produce the desired results. As with all investments, you may lose money by investing in the Fund. BAR CHART AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION The bar chart and performance information provide an indication of the historical risk of an investment in the Fund by showing: .. how the Fund's performance changed from year to year over ten years; and .. how the Fund's average annual returns for one, five and ten years compare to those of a broad-based securities market index. You can obtain updated performance information for the Fund at www.bernstein.com (click on "Investments," then "Mutual Fund Performance at a Glance"). The Fund's past performance before and after taxes, of course, does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. BAR CHART The annual returns in the bar chart are for the Fund's Class I shares. [CHART] 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ------ ------ ------ 11.59% 35.11% -7.37% -45.00% 36.03% 18.88% -6.92% 30.46% 5.91% 14.56% During the period shown in the bar chart, the Fund's: BEST QUARTER WAS UP 28.98%, 2ND QUARTER, 2009; AND WORST QUARTER WAS DOWN -30.30%, 4TH QUARTER, 2008. 6
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PERFORMANCE TABLE AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS (For the periods ended December 31, 2014) [Enlarge/Download Table] 1 YEAR 5 YEARS 10 YEARS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class I* Return Before Taxes 14.56% 11.86% 6.23% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Return After Taxes on Distributions 12.62% 9.83% 4.08% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares 8.26% 8.54% 4.45% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S&P 500 Index 13.69% 15.45% 7.67% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MSCI World Index (net)** (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes except the reinvestment of dividends net of non-U.S. withholding taxes) 4.94% 10.20% 6.03% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FTSE NAREIT Equity REIT Index** (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) 28.03% 16.91% 8.32% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Real Estate Index (gross)*** (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) 15.89% 12.03% 6.90% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Real Estate Index (net)***/,+/ (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes except the reinvestment of dividends net of non-U.S. withholding taxes) 15.02% 11.25% 6.22% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * After-tax Returns: -Are an estimate, which is based on the highest historical individual federal marginal income tax rates, and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes; actual after-tax returns depend on an individual investor's tax situation and are likely to differ from those shown; and -Are not relevant to investors who hold Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. ** The MSCI World Index (net) provides broad-based information about the performance of global markets. The FTSE NAREIT Equity REIT Index provides more information about the performance of REITs in the U.S. ***The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Real Estate Index provides more information about the performance of REITs in global markets. Performance returns for the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Real Estate Index are shown both "net" and "gross" of withholding taxes on dividends. "Net" performance returns are calculated applying dividend withholding tax rates applicable to non-resident persons who do not benefit from double taxation treaties; "gross" performance returns do not take into account such dividend withholding taxes. The Fund has historically shown gross performance returns for the Index, and intends to show net performance returns for the Index going forward. + The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Real Estate Index (net) benchmark performance represents the time blend of the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Real Estate Index (gross) from 1/1/2005 to 2/28/2005 and the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Real Estate Index (net) from 3/1/2005 to Present. INVESTMENT ADVISER AllianceBernstein L.P. is the investment adviser for the Fund. PORTFOLIO MANAGER The following table lists the person responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund's portfolio: [Download Table] EMPLOYEE LENGTH OF SERVICE TITLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Eric J. Franco Since 2012 Senior Vice President of the Adviser PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES PURCHASE MINIMUMS [Enlarge/Download Table] INITIAL SUBSEQUENT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Class I Shares $10,000* None ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *Applies to shares purchased through a Bernstein advisor. Otherwise, a $2,000,000 initial purchase minimum applies. You may sell (redeem) your shares each day the New York Stock Exchange (the "Exchange") is open. You may sell your shares through your financial intermediary or by mail (AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc., P.O. Box 786003, San Antonio, TX 78278-6003) or telephone (800-221-5672). TAX INFORMATION The Fund may pay income dividends or make capital gains distributions, which may be subject to federal income taxes and taxable as ordinary income or capital gains, and may also be subject to state and local taxes. PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information. 7
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND'S RISKS AND INVESTMENTS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This section of the Prospectus provides additional information about the Fund's investment practices and related risks. Most of these investment practices are discretionary, which means that the Adviser may or may not decide to use them. This Prospectus does not describe all of the Fund's investment practices and additional information about the Fund's risks and investments can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information ("SAI"). DERIVATIVES The Fund may, but is not required to, use derivatives for hedging or other risk management purposes or as part of its investment strategies. Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index. The Fund may use derivatives to earn income and enhance returns, to hedge or adjust the risk profile of its investments, to replace more traditional direct investments and to obtain exposure to otherwise inaccessible markets. There are four principal types of derivatives--options, futures, forwards and swaps--each of which is described below. Derivatives include listed and cleared transactions where the Fund's derivatives trade counterparty is an exchange or clearinghouse and non-cleared, bilateral "over-the-counter" transactions, where the Fund's derivatives trade counterparty is a financial institution. Exchange-traded or cleared derivatives transactions tend to be more liquid and subject to less counterparty credit risk than those that are privately negotiated. The Fund's use of derivatives may involve risks that are different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities or other more traditional instruments. These risks include the risk that the value of a derivative instrument may not correlate perfectly, or at all, with the value of the assets, reference rates, or indices that they are designed to track. Other risks include: the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for a particular instrument and possible exchange-imposed price fluctuation limits, either of which may make it difficult or impossible to close out an unfavorable position; and the risk that the counterparty will not perform its obligations. Certain derivatives may have a leverage component and involve leverage risk. Adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, note or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the Fund's investment (in some cases, the potential loss is unlimited). The Fund's investments in derivatives may include, but are not limited to, the following: .. FORWARD CONTRACTS. A forward contract is an agreement that obligates one party to buy, and the other party to sell, a specific quantity of an underlying commodity or other tangible asset for an agreed-upon price at a future date. A forward contract generally is settled by physical delivery of the commodity or tangible asset to an agreed-upon location (rather than settled by cash), or is rolled forward into a new forward contract or, in the case of a non-deliverable forward, by a cash payment at maturity. The Fund's investments in forward contracts may include the following: - Forward Currency Exchange Contracts. The Fund may purchase or sell forward currency exchange contracts for hedging purposes to minimize the risk from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. Dollar and other currencies or for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described below under "Currency Transactions". The Fund, for example, may enter into a forward contract as a transaction hedge (to "lock in" the U.S. Dollar price of a non-U.S. Dollar security), as a position hedge (to protect the value of securities the Fund owns that are denominated in a foreign currency against substantial changes in the value of the foreign currency) or as a cross-hedge (to protect the value of securities the Fund owns that are denominated in a foreign currency against substantial changes in the value of that foreign currency by entering into a forward contract for a different foreign currency that is expected to change in the same direction as the currency in which the securities are denominated). .. FUTURES CONTRACTS AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES CONTRACTS. A futures contract is a standardized, exchange-traded agreement that obligates the buyer to buy and the seller to sell a specified quantity of an underlying asset (or settle for cash the value of a contract based on an underlying asset, rate or index) at a specific price on the contract maturity date. Options on futures contracts are options that call for the delivery of futures contracts upon exercise. The Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts and options thereon to hedge against changes in interest rates, securities (through index futures or options) or currencies. The Fund may also purchase or sell futures contracts for foreign currencies or options thereon for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described below under "Other Derivatives and Strategies--Currency Transactions". .. OPTIONS. An option is an agreement that, for a premium payment or fee, gives the option holder (the buyer) the right but not the obligation to buy (a "call option") or sell (a "put option") the underlying asset (or settle for cash an amount based on an underlying asset, rate or index) at a specified price (the exercise price) during a period of time or on a specified date. Investments in options are considered speculative. The Fund may lose the premium paid for them if the price of the underlying security or other asset decreased or remained the same (in the case of a call option) or increased or remained the same (in the case of a put option). If a put or call option purchased by the Fund were permitted to expire without being sold or exercised, its premium 8
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would represent a loss to the Fund. The Fund's investments in options include the following: - Options on Foreign Currencies. The Fund may invest in options on foreign currencies that are privately-negotiated or traded on U.S. or foreign exchanges for hedging purposes to protect against declines in the U.S. Dollar value of foreign currency denominated securities held by the Fund and against increases in the U.S. Dollar cost of securities to be acquired. The purchase of an option on a foreign currency may constitute an effective hedge against fluctuations in exchange rates, although if rates move adversely, the Fund may forfeit the entire amount of the premium plus related transaction costs. The Fund may also invest in options on foreign currencies for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described below under "Other Derivatives and Strategies--Currency Transactions". - Options on Securities. The Fund may purchase or write a put or call option on securities. The Fund may write covered options, which means writing an option on securities that the Fund owns, and uncovered options. - Options on Securities Indices. An option on a securities index is similar to an option on a security except that, rather than taking or making delivery of a security at a specified price, an option on a securities index gives the holder the right to receive, upon exercise of the option, an amount of cash if the closing level of the chosen index is greater than (in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option. - Other Option Strategies. In an effort to earn extra income, to adjust exposure to individual securities or markets, or to protect all or a portion of its portfolio from a decline in value, sometimes within certain ranges, the Fund may use option strategies such as the concurrent purchase of a call or put option, including on individual securities and stock indices, futures contracts (including on individual securities and stock indices) or shares of ETFs at one strike price and the writing of a call or put option on an individual security, the same stock index, futures contract or ETF at a higher strike price in the case of a call option or at a lower strike price in the case of a put option. The maximum profit from this strategy would result for the call options from an increase in the value of an individual security, the stock index, futures contract or ETF above the higher strike price or for the put options the decline in the value of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF below the lower strike price. If the price of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF declines in the case of the call option or increases in the case of the put option, the Fund has the risk of losing the entire amount paid for the call or put options. .. SWAP TRANSACTIONS--A swap is an agreement that obligates two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at specified intervals (payment dates) based upon or calculated by reference to changes in specified prices or rates (e.g., interest rates in the case of interest rate swaps, currency exchange rates in the case of currency swaps) for a specified amount of an underlying asset (the "notional" principal amount). Most swaps are entered into on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). Generally, the notional principal amount is used solely to calculate the payment stream, but is not exchanged. Certain standardized swaps, including certain interest rate swaps and credit default swaps, are (or soon will be) subject to mandatory central clearing. Cleared swaps are transacted through futures commission merchants ("FCMs") that are members of central clearinghouses with the clearinghouse serving as central counterparty, similar to transactions in futures contracts. Portfolios post initial and variation margin to support their obligations under cleared swaps by making payments to their clearing member FCMs. Central clearing is expected to reduce counterparty credit risks and increase liquidity, but central clearing does not make swap transactions risk free. Centralized clearing will be required for additional categories of swaps on a phased-in basis based on Commodity Futures Trading Commission approval of contracts for central clearing. Bilateral swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors and are not cleared through a third party. The Fund's investments in swap transactions include the following: - Currency Swaps. The Fund may invest in currency swaps for hedging purposes in an attempt to protect against adverse changes in exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and other currencies or for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described below under "Other Derivatives and Strategies--Currency Transactions". Currency swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of a series of payments in specified currencies. Currency swaps may involve the exchange of actual principal amounts of currencies by the counterparties at the initiation and again upon the termination of the transaction. Currency swaps may be bilateral and privately negotiated, with the Fund expecting to achieve an acceptable degree of correlation between its portfolio investments and its currency swap positions. The Fund will not enter into any currency swap unless the credit quality of the unsecured senior debt or the claims-paying ability of the counterparty thereto is rated in the highest short-term rating category of at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization at the time of entering into the transaction. - Credit Default Swaps. The "buyer" in a credit default swap contract is obligated to pay the "seller" a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract in return for a contingent payment upon the occurrence of a credit event with respect to an underlying reference obligation. Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, failure to pay, obligation acceleration or restructuring. The Fund may be 9
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either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If the Fund is a seller, the Fund receives a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, which typically is between one month and ten years, provided that no credit event occurs. If a credit event occurs, the Fund typically must pay the contingent payment to the buyer, which will be either: (i) the "par value" (face amount) of the reference obligation in which case the Fund will receive the reference obligation in return or (ii) an amount equal to the difference between the par value and the current market value of the reference obligation. The periodic payments received by the Fund, coupled with the value of any reference obligation received, may be less than the full amount it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss to the Fund. If the Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund will lose its periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer typically receives full notional value for a reference obligation that may have little or no value. Credit default swaps may involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly. Credit default swaps are subject to general market risk, liquidity risk and credit risk. .. OTHER DERIVATIVES AND STRATEGIES - Currency Transactions. The Fund may invest in non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities on a currency hedged or unhedged basis. The Adviser may actively manage the Fund's currency exposures and may seek investment opportunities by taking long or short positions in currencies through the use of currency-related derivatives, including forward currency exchange contracts, futures and options on futures, swaps and options. The Adviser may enter into transactions for investment opportunities when it anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency are not held by the Fund and do not present attractive investment opportunities. Such transactions may also be used when the Adviser believes that it may be more efficient than a direct investment in a foreign currency-denominated security. The Fund may also conduct currency exchange contracts on a spot basis (i.e., for cash at the spot rate prevailing in the currency exchange market for buying or selling currencies). - Synthetic Foreign Equity Securities. The Fund may invest in different types of derivatives generally referred to as synthetic foreign equity securities. These securities may include international warrants or local access products. International warrants are financial instruments issued by banks or other financial institutions, which may or may not be traded on a foreign exchange. International warrants are a form of derivative security that may give holders the right to buy or sell an underlying security or a basket of securities representing an index from or to the issuer of the warrant for a particular price or may entitle holders to receive a cash payment relating to the value of the underlying security or index, in each case upon exercise by the Fund. Local access products are similar to options in that they are exercisable by the holder for an underlying security or a cash payment based upon the value of that security, but are generally exercisable over a longer term than typical options. These types of instruments may be American style, which means that they can be exercised at any time on or before the expiration date of the international warrant, or European style, which means that they may be exercised only on the expiration date. Other types of synthetic foreign equity securities in which the Fund may invest include covered warrants and low exercise price warrants. Covered warrants entitle the holder to purchase from the issuer, typically a financial institution, upon exercise, common stock of an international company or receive a cash payment (generally in U.S. Dollars). The issuer of the covered warrants usually owns the underlying security or has a mechanism, such as owning equity warrants on the underlying securities, through which it can obtain the underlying securities. The cash payment is calculated according to a predetermined formula, which is generally based on the difference between the value of the underlying security on the date of exercise and the strike price. Low exercise price warrants are warrants with an exercise price that is very low relative to the market price of the underlying instrument at the time of issue (e.g., one cent or less). The buyer of a low exercise price warrant effectively pays the full value of the underlying common stock at the outset. In the case of any exercise of warrants, there may be a time delay between the time a holder of warrants gives instructions to exercise and the time the price of the common stock relating to exercise or the settlement date is determined, during which time the price of the underlying security could change significantly. In addition, the exercise or settlement date of the warrants may be affected by certain market disruption events, such as difficulties relating to the exchange of a local currency into U.S. Dollars, the imposition of capital controls by a local jurisdiction or changes in the laws relating to foreign investments. These events could lead to a change in the exercise date or settlement currency of the warrants, or postponement of the settlement date. In some cases, if the market disruption events continue for a certain period of time, the warrants may become worthless, resulting in a total loss of the purchase price of the warrants. The Fund will acquire synthetic foreign equity securities issued by entities deemed to be creditworthy by the Adviser, which will monitor the creditworthiness of the issuers on an ongoing basis. Investments in these instruments involve the risk that the issuer of the instrument may default on its obligation to deliver the underlying security or cash in lieu thereof. These instruments may also be subject to liquidity risk because there may be a limited secondary market for trading the warrants. They are also subject, like other investments in foreign securities, to foreign (non-U.S.) risk and currency risk. 10
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CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES Prior to conversion, convertible securities have the same general characteristics as non-convertible debt securities, which generally provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of equity securities of the same or similar issuers. The price of a convertible security will normally vary with changes in the price of the underlying equity security, although the higher yield tends to make the convertible security less volatile than the underlying equity security. As with debt securities, the market value of convertible securities tends to decrease as interest rates rise and increase as interest rates decline. While convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar quality, they offer investors the potential to benefit from increases in the market prices of the underlying common stock. Convertible debt securities that are rated Baa3 or lower by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. or BBB- or lower by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services or Fitch Ratings and comparable unrated securities may share some or all of the risks of debt securities with those ratings. FORWARD COMMITMENTS Forward commitments for the purchase or sale of securities may include purchases on a "when-issued" basis or purchases or sales on a "delayed delivery" basis. In some cases, a forward commitment may be conditioned upon the occurrence of a subsequent event, such as approval and consummation of a merger, corporate reorganization or debt restructuring (i.e., a "when, as and if issued" trade). The Fund may invest significantly in TBA-mortgaged-backed securities. A TBA, or "To Be Announced," trade represents a contract for the purchase or sale of mortgage-backed securities to be delivered at a future agreed-upon date; however, the specific mortgage pool numbers or the number of pools that will be delivered to fulfill the trade obligation or terms of the contract are unknown at the time of the trade. Mortgage pools (including fixed-rate or variable-rate mortgages) guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association, or GNMA, the Federal National Mortgage Association, or FNMA, or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or FHLMC, are subsequently allocated to the TBA transactions. When forward commitments are negotiated, the price is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but payment for and delivery of the securities take place at a later date. Securities purchased or sold under a forward commitment are subject to market fluctuation and no interest or dividends accrue to the purchaser prior to the settlement date. There is the risk of loss if the value of either a purchased security declines before the settlement date or the security sold increases before the settlement date. The use of forward commitments helps the Fund to protect against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. ILLIQUID SECURITIES Under current Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") guidelines, the Fund limits its investments in illiquid securities to 15% of its net assets. The term "illiquid securities" for this purpose means securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount the Fund has valued the securities. The Fund may not be able to sell such securities and may not be able to realize their full value upon sale. Restricted securities (securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale) may be illiquid. Some restricted securities (such as securities issued pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 or certain commercial paper) may be treated as liquid, although they may be less liquid than registered securities traded on established secondary markets. INVESTMENT IN EXCHANGE-TRADED FUNDS AND OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES The Fund may invest in shares of ETFs, subject to the restrictions and limitations of the Investment Company Act of 1940 ("1940 Act") or any applicable rules, exemptive orders or regulatory guidance thereunder. ETFs are pooled investment vehicles, which may be managed or unmanaged, that generally seek to track the performance of a specific index. The ETFs in which the Fund invests will not be able to replicate exactly the performance of a specific index. ETFs will not track their underlying indices precisely since the ETFs have expenses and may need to hold a portion of their assets in cash, unlike the underlying indices, and the ETFs may not invest in all of the securities in the underlying indices in the same proportion as the indices for varying reasons. The Fund will incur transaction costs when buying and selling ETF shares, and indirectly bear the expenses of the ETFs. In addition, the market value of an ETF's shares, which are based on supply and demand in the market for the ETFs shares, may differ from its net asset value, or NAV. Accordingly, there may be times when an ETF's shares trade at a discount or premium to its NAV. The Fund may also invest in investment companies other than ETFs, as permitted by the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As with ETF investments, if the Fund acquires shares in other investment companies, shareholders would bear, indirectly, the expenses of such investment companies (which may include management and advisory fees), which are in addition to the Fund's expenses. The Fund intends to invest uninvested cash balances in an affiliated money market fund as permitted by Rule 12d1-1 under the 1940 Act. LOANS OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES For the purposes of achieving income, the Fund may make secured loans of portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and financial institutions ("borrowers") to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder (as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended from time to time) or by guidance regarding, interpretations of or exemptive orders under the 1940 Act. Under the Fund's securities lending program, all securities loans will be secured continually by cash collateral. The loans will be made only to borrowers deemed by the Adviser to be creditworthy, and when, in the judgment of the Adviser, the consideration that can be earned currently from securities loans justifies the attendant risk. The Fund will be compensated for the loan from a portion of the net return from the interest earned on cash collateral after a rebate paid to the borrower (in some cases this rebate may be a "negative rebate" or fee paid by the borrower to the Fund in connection 11
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with the loan) and payments for fees of the securities lending agent and for certain other administrative expenses. The Fund will have the right to call a loan and obtain the securities loaned at any time on notice to the borrower within the normal and customary settlement time for the securities. While the securities are on loan, the borrower is obligated to pay the Fund amounts equal to any income or other distributions from the securities. The Fund will not have the right to vote any securities during the existence of a loan, but will have the right to regain ownership of loaned securities in order to exercise voting or other ownership rights. When the Fund lends securities, its investment performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned. The Fund will invest cash collateral in a money market fund approved by the Fund's Board of Directors (the "Board") and expected to be managed by the Adviser, such as AB Exchange Reserves. Any such investment will be at the Fund's risk. The Fund may pay reasonable finders', administrative, and custodial fees in connection with a loan. A principal risk of lending portfolio securities is that the borrower will fail to return the loaned securities upon termination of the loan and that the collateral will not be sufficient to replace the loaned securities. MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES AND ASSOCIATED RISKS Mortgage-backed securities may be issued by the U.S. Government or one of its sponsored entities or may be issued by private organizations. Interest and principal payments (including prepayments) on the mortgages underlying mortgage-backed securities are passed through to the holders of the securities. As a result of the pass-through of prepayments of principal on the underlying securities, mortgage-backed securities are often subject to more rapid prepayment of principal than their stated maturity would indicate. Prepayments occur when the mortgagor on a mortgage prepays the remaining principal before the mortgage's scheduled maturity date. Because the prepayment characteristics of the underlying mortgages vary, it is impossible to predict accurately the realized yield or average life of a particular issue of pass-through certificates. Prepayments are important because of their effect on the yield and price of the mortgage-backed securities. During periods of declining interest rates, prepayments can be expected to accelerate and if the Fund invests in these securities, it would be required to reinvest the proceeds at the lower interest rates then available. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective maturity of the securities, subjecting them to a greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates. In addition, prepayments of mortgages underlying securities purchased at a premium could result in capital losses. Mortgage-backed securities include mortgage pass-through certificates and multiple-class pass-through securities, such as REMIC pass-through certificates, CMOs and stripped mortgage-backed securities, or SMBS, and other types of mortgage-backed securities that may be available in the future. Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. The Fund may invest in guaranteed mortgage pass-through securities that represent participation interests in pools of residential mortgage loans and are issued by U.S. governmental or private lenders and guaranteed by the U.S. Government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, including but not limited to GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC. Multiple-Class Pass-Through Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. Mortgage-backed securities also include CMOs and REMIC pass-through or participation certificates, which may be issued by, among others, U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities as well as private lenders. CMOs and REMIC certificates are issued in multiple classes and the principal of and interest on the mortgage assets may be allocated among the several classes of CMOs or REMIC certificates in various ways. Each class of CMOs or REMIC certificates, often referred to as a "tranche," is issued at a specific adjustable or fixed interest rate and must be fully retired no later than its final distribution date. Generally, interest is paid or accrued on all classes of CMOs or REMIC certificates on a monthly basis. The Fund will not invest in the lowest tranche of CMOs and REMIC certificates. Typically, CMOs are collateralized by GNMA or FNMA certificates but also may be collateralized by other mortgage assets such as whole loans or private mortgage pass-through securities. Debt service on CMOs is provided from payments of principal and interest on collateral of mortgage assets and any reinvestment income. A REMIC is a CMO that qualifies for special tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code") and invests in certain mortgages primarily secured by interests in real property and other permitted investments. Investors may purchase "regular" and "residual" interest shares of beneficial interest in REMIC trusts, although the Fund does not intend to invest in residual interests. PREFERRED STOCK The Fund may invest in preferred stock. Preferred stock is subordinated to any debt the issuer has outstanding. Accordingly, preferred stock dividends are not paid until all debt obligations are first met. Preferred stock may be subject to more fluctuations in market value, due to changes in market participants' perceptions of the issuer's ability to continue to pay dividends, than debt of the same issuer. REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS AND BUY/SELL BACK TRANSACTIONS The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements in which the Fund purchases a security from a bank or broker-dealer, which agrees to repurchase the security from the Fund at an agreed upon future date, normally a day or a few days later. The purchase and repurchase transactions are transacted under one agreement. The resale price is greater than the purchase price, reflecting an agreed-upon interest rate for the period the buyer's money is invested in the security. Such agreements permit the Fund to keep all of its assets at work while retaining "overnight" flexibility in pursuit of investments of a longer-term nature. If the bank or broker-dealer defaults on its 12
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repurchase obligation, the Fund would suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from the sale of the security were less than the repurchase price. The Fund may enter into buy/sell back transactions, which are similar to repurchase agreements. In this type of transaction, the Fund enters a trade to buy securities at one price and simultaneously enters a trade to sell the same securities at another price on a specified date. Similar to a repurchase agreement, the repurchase price is higher than the sale price and reflects current interest rates. Unlike a repurchase agreement, however, the buy/sell back transaction is considered two separate transactions. RIGHTS AND WARRANTS Rights and warrants are option securities permitting their holders to subscribe for other securities. Rights are similar to warrants except that they have a substantially shorter duration. Rights and warrants do not carry with them dividend or voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, or any rights in the assets of the issuer. As a result, an investment in rights and warrants may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments. In addition, the value of a right or a warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and a right or a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. SHORT SALES The Fund may make short sales as a part of overall portfolio management or to offset a potential decline in the value of a security. A short sale involves the sale of a security that the Fund does not own, or if the Fund owns the security, is not to be delivered upon consummation of the sale. When the Fund makes a short sale of a security that it does not own, it must borrow from a broker-dealer the security sold short and deliver the security to the broker-dealer upon conclusion of the short sale. If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a short-term capital gain. Although the Fund's gain is limited to the price at which it sold the security short, its potential loss is theoretically unlimited. STANDBY COMMITMENT AGREEMENTS Standby commitment agreements are similar to put options that commit the Fund, for a stated period of time, to purchase a stated amount of a security that may be issued and sold to the Fund at the option of the issuer. The price and coupon of the security are fixed at the time of the commitment. At the time of entering into the agreement, the Fund is paid a commitment fee, regardless of whether the security ultimately is issued. There is no guarantee that a security subject to a standby commitment will be issued. In addition, the value of the security, if issued, on the delivery date may be more or less than its purchase price. Since the issuance of the security is at the option of the issuer, the Fund will bear the risk of capital loss in the event the value of the security declines and may not benefit from an appreciation in the value of the security during the commitment period if the issuer decides not to issue and sell the security to the Fund. ADDITIONAL RISK AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS Investment in the Fund involves the special risk considerations described below. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS Although the Fund does not invest directly in real estate, it does invest primarily in securities of real estate companies. An investment in the Fund is subject to certain risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate and with the real estate industry in general. These risks include, among others: possible declines in the value of real estate; risks related to general and local economic conditions, including increases in the rate of inflation; possible lack of availability of mortgage funds; overbuilding; extended vacancies of properties; increases in competition, property taxes and operating expenses; changes in zoning laws; costs resulting from the clean-up of, and liability to third parties for damages resulting from, environmental problems; casualty or condemnation losses; uninsured damages from floods, earthquakes or other natural disasters; limitations on and variations in rents; and changes in interest rates. To the extent that assets underlying the Fund's investments are concentrated geographically, by property type or in certain other respects, the Fund may be subject to certain of these risks to a greater extent. These risks may be greater for investments in non-U.S. real estate companies. In addition, if the Fund receives rental income or income from the disposition of real property acquired as a result of a default on securities the Fund owns, the receipt of such income may adversely affect the Fund's ability to retain its tax status as a regulated investment company. Investments by the Fund in securities of companies providing mortgage servicing will be subject to the risks associated with refinancings and their impact on servicing rights. Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. REITs are dependent upon management skills, are not diversified, and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers and self-liquidation. REITs are also subject to the possibilities of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code and failing to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks. When interest rates decline, the value of a REIT's investment in fixed-rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REIT's investment in fixed-rate obligations can be expected to decline. In contrast, as interest rates on adjustable rate mortgage loans are reset periodically, yields on a REIT's investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates, causing the value of such investments to 13
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fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed-rate obligations. Investing in REITs involves risks similar to those associated with investing in small capitalization companies. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities. Historically, small capitalization stocks, such as REITs, have been more volatile in price than larger capitalization stocks. FOREIGN (NON-U.S.) SECURITIES Investing in foreign securities involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities. The securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with the majority of market capitalization and trading volume concentrated in a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. A fund that invests in foreign securities may experience greater price volatility and significantly lower liquidity than a portfolio invested solely in securities of U.S. companies. These markets may be subject to greater influence by adverse events generally affecting the market, and by large investors trading significant blocks of securities, than is usual in the United States. Securities registration, custody, and settlement may in some instances be subject to delays and legal and administrative uncertainties. Foreign investment in the securities markets of certain foreign countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude investment in certain securities and may increase the costs and expenses of the Fund. In addition, the repatriation of investment income, capital, or the proceeds of sales of securities from certain of the countries is controlled under regulations, including in some cases the need for certain advance government notification or authority, and if a deterioration occurs in a country's balance of payments, the country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. The Fund also could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation, as well as by the application to it of other restrictions on investment. Investing in local markets may require the Fund to adopt special procedures or seek local governmental approvals or other actions, any of which may involve additional costs to the Fund. These factors may affect the liquidity of the Fund's investments in any country and the Adviser will monitor the effect of any such factor or factors on the Fund's investments. Transaction costs, including brokerage commissions for transactions both on and off the securities exchanges, in many foreign countries are generally higher than in the United States. Issuers of securities in foreign jurisdictions are generally not subject to the same degree of regulation as are U.S. issuers with respect to such matters as insider trading rules, restrictions on market manipulation, shareholder proxy requirements, and timely disclosure of information. The reporting, accounting and auditing standards of foreign countries may differ, in some cases significantly, from U.S. standards in important respects, and less information may be available to investors in foreign securities than to investors in U.S. securities. Substantially less information is publicly available about certain non-U.S. issuers than is available about most U.S. issuers. The economies of individual foreign countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product or gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position. Nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, currency blockage, political changes, government regulation, political or social instability, revolutions, wars or diplomatic developments could affect adversely the economy of a foreign country. In the event of nationalization, expropriation, or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in securities in the country involved. In addition, laws in foreign countries governing business organizations, bankruptcy and insolvency may provide less protection to security holders such as the Fund than that provided by U.S. laws. Investments in securities of companies in emerging markets involve special risks. There are approximately 100 countries identified by the World Bank as Low Income, Lower Middle Income and Upper Middle Income countries that are generally regarded as emerging markets. Emerging market countries that the Adviser currently considers for investment are listed below. Countries may be added to or removed from this list at any time. Argentina Hungary Peru Belarus India Philippines Belize Indonesia Poland Brazil Iraq Russia Bulgaria Ivory Coast Senegal Chile Jamaica Serbia China Jordan South Africa Colombia Kazakhstan South Korea Croatia Lebanon Sri Lanka Dominican Republic Lithuania Taiwan Ecuador Malaysia Thailand Egypt Mexico Turkey El Salvador Mongolia Ukraine Gabon Nigeria Uruguay Georgia Pakistan Venezuela Ghana Panama Vietnam Investing in emerging market securities imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in domestic securities or in foreign, developed countries. These risks include: smaller market capitalization of securities markets, which may suffer periods of relative illiquidity; significant price volatility; restrictions on foreign investment; and possible repatriation of investment income and capital. In addition, foreign investors may be required to register the proceeds of sales; and future economic or political crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government monopolies. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. Dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by the Fund. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have 14
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had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries. Additional risks of emerging market securities may include: greater social, economic and political uncertainty and instability; more substantial governmental involvement in the economy; less governmental supervision and regulation; unavailability of currency hedging techniques; companies that are newly organized and small; differences in auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; and less developed legal systems. In addition, emerging securities markets may have different clearance and settlement procedures, which may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions. Settlement problems may cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities, hold a portion of its assets in cash pending investment, or be delayed in disposing of a portfolio security. Such a delay could result in possible liability to a purchaser of the security. FOREIGN (NON-U.S.) CURRENCIES The Fund invests its assets in securities denominated in, and receives revenues in, foreign currencies and will be adversely affected by reductions in the value of those currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar. Foreign currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly. They are determined by supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets, the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or perceived changes in interest rates, and other complex factors. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably by intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks or by currency controls or political developments. In light of these risks, the Fund may engage in certain currency hedging transactions, as described above, which involve certain special risks. The Fund may also invest directly in foreign currencies for non-hedging purposes directly on a spot basis (i.e., cash) or through derivative transactions, such as forward currency exchange contracts, futures and options thereon, swaps and options as described above. These investments will be subject to the same risks. In addition, currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time, causing the Fund's NAV to fluctuate. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS The Fund may take advantage of other investment practices that are not currently contemplated for use by the Fund, or are not available but may yet be developed, to the extent such investment practices are consistent with the Fund's investment objective and legally permissible for the Fund. Such investment practices, if they arise, may involve risks that exceed those involved in the activities described above. CHANGES IN INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES The Board may change the Fund's investment objective without shareholder approval. The Fund will provide shareholders with 60 days' prior written notice of any change to the Fund's investment objective. The Fund's policy to invest at least 80% of its net assets in securities indicated by its name will not be changed without prior written notice to shareholders. Unless otherwise noted, all other investment policies of the Fund may be changed without shareholder approval. TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE POSITION For temporary defensive purposes in an attempt to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Fund may reduce its position in equity securities and invest in, without limit, certain types of short-term, liquid, high grade or high quality debt securities. While the Fund is investing for temporary defensive purposes, it may not meet its investment objective. PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS The Fund's SAI includes a description of the policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund's portfolio holdings. CYBER SECURITY RISK Mutual funds, including the Fund, are susceptible to cyber security risk. Cyber security breaches may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets, customer data, or proprietary information, or cause a Fund and/or its service providers to suffer data corruption or lose operational functionality. 15
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INVESTING IN THE FUND -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Fund offers one class of shares through this Prospectus. This section discusses how to buy, sell or redeem, or exchange the class of shares of the Fund that is offered in this Prospectus. HOW TO BUY SHARES You may purchase the Fund's Class I shares through your financial advisor at NAV. The purchase of the Fund's shares is priced at the next-determined NAV after your order is received in proper form. The Fund's shares are not subject to any initial or contingent sales charges. PURCHASE MINIMUMS: ------------------ [Download Table] --Initial: $2,000,000* --Subsequent: None *The minimum initial investment may be waived in the discretion of the Fund. The minimum purchase amount for shares purchased through a Bernstein advisor is $10,000. Investments made through fee-based or wrap-fee programs will satisfy the initial investment minimum requirement if the fee-based or wrap-fee program, as a whole, invests at least $2,000,000 in the Fund. Your broker or financial advisor must receive your purchase request by the Fund Closing Time, which is the close of regular trading on any day the Exchange is open (ordinarily, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, but sometimes earlier, as in the case of scheduled half-day trading or unscheduled suspensions of trading) and submit it to the Fund by a pre-arranged time for you to receive the next-determined NAV. If you are an existing Fund shareholder and you have completed the appropriate section of the Mutual Fund Application, you may purchase additional shares by telephone with payment by electronic funds transfer in amounts not exceeding $500,000 (except for certain omnibus accounts). AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc., or ABIS, must receive and confirm telephone requests before the Fund Closing Time to receive that day's public offering price. Call 800-221-5672 to arrange a transfer from your bank account. You may purchase and hold Class I shares solely: .. through accounts established under a fee-based program sponsored and maintained by a registered broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and approved by the Fund's principal underwriter, AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc., or ABI; .. if you are an investment advisory client of, or are a certain other person associated with, the Adviser and its affiliate or the Fund; or .. as an interest in a "qualified tuition program" within the meaning of Section 529 of the Code approved by ABI. REQUIRED INFORMATION The Fund is required by law to obtain, verify and record certain personal information from you or persons authorized to act on your behalf in order to establish an account. Required information includes name, date of birth, permanent residential address and taxpayer identification number (for most investors, your social security number). The Fund may also ask to see other identifying documents. If you do not provide the information, the Fund will not be able to open your account. If the Fund is unable to verify your identity, or that of another person(s) authorized to act on your behalf, or if the Fund believes it has identified potential criminal activity, the Fund reserves the right to take action it deems appropriate or as required by law, which may include closing your account. If you are not a U.S. citizen or resident alien, your account must be affiliated with a Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, member firm. The Fund is required to withhold 28% of taxable dividends, capital gains distributions, and redemptions paid to any shareholder who has not provided the Fund with his or her correct taxpayer identification number. To avoid this, you must provide your correct tax identification number on your Mutual Fund Application. GENERAL ABI may refuse any order to purchase shares. The Fund reserves the right to suspend the sale of its shares to the public in response to conditions in the securities markets or for other reasons. DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PROGRAM Unless you specifically have elected to receive dividends or distributions in cash, they will automatically be reinvested, without an initial sales charge or CDSC, in the same class of additional shares of the Fund. If you elect to receive distributions in cash, you will only receive a check if the amount of the distribution is equal to or exceeds $25.00. Distributions of less than $25.00 will automatically be reinvested in shares of the Fund. To receive distributions of less than $25.00 in cash, you must have bank instructions associated to your account so that distributions can be delivered to you electronically via Electronic Funds Transfer using the Automated Clearing House or "ACH". In addition, the Fund may reinvest your distribution check (and future checks) in additional shares of the Fund if your check (i) is returned as undeliverable or (ii) remains uncashed for nine months. PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL ADVISORS AND THEIR FIRMS Financial intermediaries market and sell shares of the Fund. These financial intermediaries employ financial advisors and receive compensation for selling shares of the Fund. This compensation is paid from various sources. Your individual financial advisor may receive some or all of the amounts paid to the financial intermediary that employs him or her. 16
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WHAT IS A FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY? A financial intermediary is a firm that receives compensation for selling shares of the Fund offered in this Prospectus and/or provides services to the Fund's shareholders. Financial intermediaries may include, among others, brokers, financial planners or advisors, banks and insurance companies. Financial intermediaries may employ financial advisors who deal with you and other investors on an individual basis. Your financial advisor's firm receives compensation from the Fund, ABI and/or the Adviser in several ways from various sources, which include some or all of the following: - additional distribution support; - defrayal of costs for educational seminars and training; and - payments related to providing shareholder recordkeeping and/or transfer agency services. Please read this Prospectus carefully for information on this compensation. OTHER PAYMENTS FOR DISTRIBUTION SERVICES AND EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT ABI, at its expense, currently provides additional payments to firms that sell shares of the AB Mutual Funds. Although the individual components may be higher and the total amount of payments made to each qualifying firm in any given year may vary, the total amount paid to a financial intermediary in connection with the sale of shares of the AB Mutual Funds will generally not exceed the sum of (a) 0.25% of the current year's fund sales by that firm and (b) 0.10% of average daily net assets attributable to that firm over the year. These sums include payments to reimburse directly or indirectly the costs incurred by these firms and their employees in connection with educational seminars and training efforts about the AB Mutual Funds for the firms' employees and/or their clients and potential clients. The costs and expenses associated with these efforts may include travel, lodging, entertainment and meals. ABI may pay a portion of "ticket" or other transactional charges. For 2015, ABI's additional payments to these firms for distribution services and educational support related to the AB Mutual Funds are expected to be approximately 0.05% of the average monthly assets of the AB Mutual Funds, or approximately $22 million. In 2014, ABI is expected to pay approximately 0.05% of the average monthly assets of the AB Mutual Funds or approximately $21 million for distribution services and educational support related to the AB Mutual Funds. A number of factors are considered in determining the additional payments, including each firm's AB Mutual Fund sales, assets and redemption rates, and the willingness and ability of the firm to give ABI access to its financial advisors for educational and marketing purposes. In some cases, firms will include the AB Mutual Funds on a "preferred list." ABI's goal is to make the financial advisors who interact with current and prospective investors and shareholders more knowledgeable about the AB Mutual Funds so that they can provide suitable information and advice about the funds and related investor services. The Fund and ABI also make payments for recordkeeping and other transfer agency services to financial intermediaries that sell AB Mutual Fund shares. Please see "Management of the Fund--Transfer Agency and Retirement Plan Services" below. These expenses paid by the Fund are included in "Other Expenses" under "Fees and Expenses of the Fund--Annual Fund Operating Expenses" in the Summary Information at the beginning of this Prospectus. IF ONE MUTUAL FUND SPONSOR MAKES GREATER DISTRIBUTION ASSISTANCE PAYMENTS THAN ANOTHER, YOUR FINANCIAL ADVISOR AND HIS OR HER FIRM MAY HAVE AN INCENTIVE TO RECOMMEND ONE FUND COMPLEX OVER ANOTHER. SIMILARLY, IF YOUR FINANCIAL ADVISOR OR HIS OR HER FIRM RECEIVES MORE DISTRIBUTION ASSISTANCE FOR ONE SHARE CLASS VERSUS ANOTHER, THEY MAY HAVE AN INCENTIVE TO RECOMMEND THAT CLASS. PLEASE SPEAK WITH YOUR FINANCIAL ADVISOR TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE TOTAL AMOUNTS PAID TO YOUR FINANCIAL ADVISOR AND HIS OR HER FIRM BY THE FUND, THE ADVISER, ABI AND BY SPONSORS OF OTHER MUTUAL FUNDS HE OR SHE MAY RECOMMEND TO YOU. YOU SHOULD ALSO CONSULT DISCLOSURES MADE BY YOUR FINANCIAL ADVISOR AT THE TIME OF PURCHASE. As of the date of the Prospectus, ABI anticipates that the firms that will receive additional payments for distribution services and/or educational support include: Advisor Group, Inc. Ameriprise Financial Services AXA Advisors Cadaret, Grant & Co. CCO Investment Services Corp. Commonwealth Financial Network Donegal Securities JP Morgan Securities LPL Financial Lincoln Financial Advisors Corp. Lincoln Financial Securities Corp. Merrill Lynch Morgan Stanley Northwestern Mutual Investment Services PNC Investments Raymond James RBC Capital Markets Corporation Robert W. Baird Santander Securities UBS Financial Services US Bancorp Investments Wells Fargo Advisors Although the Fund may use brokers and dealers that sell shares of the Fund to effect portfolio transactions, the Fund does not 17
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consider the sale of AB Mutual Fund shares as a factor when selecting brokers or dealers to effect portfolio transactions. HOW TO EXCHANGE SHARES You may exchange your Fund shares for the same class of shares of any other Fund and for Class A shares of any other AB Mutual Fund. Exchanges of shares are made at the next-determined NAV, without sales or service charges. All exchanges are subject to the minimum investment requirements set forth in the prospectus for the AB Mutual Fund whose shares are being acquired. You may request an exchange by mail or telephone. In order to receive a day's NAV, ABIS must receive and confirm your telephone exchange request by the Fund Closing Time on that day. The Fund may modify, restrict, or terminate the exchange privilege on 60 days' written notice. Please see the Fund's SAI for more details. HOW TO SELL OR REDEEM SHARES You may "redeem" your shares (i.e., sell your shares to the Fund) on any day the Exchange is open, either directly or through your financial intermediary. Your sale price will be the next-determined NAV after the Fund receives your redemption request in proper form. Normally, redemption proceeds are sent to you within seven days. If you recently purchased your shares by check or electronic funds transfer, your redemption payment may be delayed until the Fund is reasonably satisfied that the check or electronic funds transfer has been collected (which may take up to 15 days). SELLING SHARES THROUGH YOUR BROKER OR OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY Your financial intermediary must receive your sales request by the Fund Closing Time and submit it to the Fund by a pre-arranged time for you to receive that day's NAV. Your financial intermediary is responsible for submitting all necessary documentation to the Fund and may charge you a fee for this service. SELLING SHARES DIRECTLY TO THE FUND BY MAIL .. Send a signed letter of instruction or stock power, along with certificates, to: AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. P.O. Box 786003 San Antonio, TX 78278-6003 .. For certified or overnight deliveries, send to: AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. 8000 IH 10 W, 4th floor San Antonio, TX 78230 .. For your protection, a bank, a member firm of a national stock exchange, or other eligible guarantor institution, must guarantee signatures. Stock power forms are available from your financial intermediary, ABIS, and many commercial banks. Additional documentation is required for the sale of shares by corporations, intermediaries, fiduciaries, and surviving joint owners. If you have any questions about these procedures, contact ABIS. BY TELEPHONE .. You may redeem your shares for which no stock certificates have been issued by telephone request. Call ABIS at 800-221-5672 with instructions on how you wish to receive your sale proceeds. .. ABIS must receive and confirm a telephone redemption request by the Fund Closing Time for you to receive that day's NAV. .. For your protection, ABIS will request personal or other information from you to verify your identity and will generally record the calls. Neither the Fund nor the Adviser, ABIS, ABI or other Fund agent will be liable for any loss, injury, damage or expense as a result of acting upon telephone instructions purporting to be on your behalf that ABIS reasonably believes to be genuine. .. If you have selected electronic funds transfer in your Mutual Fund Application, the redemption proceeds may be sent directly to your bank. Otherwise, the proceeds will be mailed to you. .. Redemption requests by electronic funds transfer or check may not exceed $100,000 per Fund account per day. .. Telephone redemption is not available for shares held in nominee or "street name" accounts, retirement plan accounts, or shares held by a shareholder who has changed his or her address of record within the previous 30 calendar days. FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF FUND SHARES The Fund's Board has adopted policies and procedures designed to detect and deter frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares or excessive or short-term trading that may disadvantage long-term Fund shareholders. These policies are described below. There is no guarantee that the Fund will be able to detect excessive or short-term trading or to identify shareholders engaged in such practices, particularly with respect to transactions in omnibus accounts. Shareholders should be aware that application of these policies may have adverse consequences, as described below, and should avoid frequent trading in Fund shares through purchases, sales and exchanges of shares. The Fund reserves the right to restrict, reject or cancel, without any prior notice, any purchase or exchange order for any reason, including any purchase or exchange order accepted by any shareholder's financial intermediary. RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE OR SHORT-TERM TRADING GENERALLY. While the Fund will try to prevent market timing by utilizing the procedures described below, these procedures may not be successful in identifying or stopping excessive or short-term trading in all circumstances. By realizing profits through short-term trading, shareholders that engage in rapid purchases and sales or exchanges of the Fund's shares dilute the value of shares held by long-term shareholders. Volatility resulting from excessive purchases and sales or exchanges of Fund shares, especially involving large dollar amounts, may disrupt efficient portfolio management and cause the Fund to 18
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sell shares at inopportune times to raise cash to accommodate redemptions relating to short-term trading activity. In particular, the Fund may have difficulty implementing its long-term investment strategies if it is forced to maintain a higher level of its assets in cash to accommodate significant short-term trading activity. In addition, the Fund may incur increased administrative and other expenses due to excessive or short-term trading, including increased brokerage costs and realization of taxable capital gains. Because the Fund may invest significantly in securities of foreign issuers, it may be particularly susceptible to short-term trading strategies. This is because securities of foreign issuers are typically traded on markets that close well before the time the Fund calculates it's NAV at 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, which gives rise to the possibility that developments may have occurred in the interim that would affect the value of these securities. The time zone differences among international stock markets can allow a shareholder engaging in a short-term trading strategy to exploit differences in Fund share prices that are based on closing prices of securities of foreign issuers established some time before the Fund calculates its own share price (referred to as "time zone arbitrage"). The Fund has procedures, referred to as fair value pricing, designed to adjust closing market prices of securities of foreign issuers to reflect what is believed to be the fair value of those securities at the time the Fund calculates its NAV. While there is no assurance, the Fund expects that the use of fair value pricing, in addition to the short-term trading policies discussed below, will significantly reduce a shareholder's ability to engage in time zone arbitrage to the detriment of other Fund shareholders. The Fund's investments in securities that are, among other things, thinly traded, traded infrequently or relatively illiquid have the risk that the current market price for the securities may not accurately reflect current market values. A shareholder may seek to engage in short-term trading to take advantage of these pricing differences (referred to as "price arbitrage"). The Fund may be adversely affected by price arbitrage. POLICY REGARDING SHORT-TERM TRADING. Purchases and exchanges of shares of the Fund should be made for investment purposes only. The Fund seeks to prevent patterns of excessive purchases and sales of Fund shares to the extent they are detected by the procedures described below, subject to the Fund's ability to monitor purchases, sales and exchange activity. The Fund reserves the right to modify this policy, including any surveillance or account blocking procedures established from time to time to effectuate this policy, at any time without notice. .. TRANSACTION SURVEILLANCE PROCEDURES. The Fund, through its agents, ABI and ABIS, maintains surveillance procedures to detect excessive or short-term trading in Fund shares. This surveillance process involves several factors, which include scrutinizing transactions in Fund shares that exceed certain monetary thresholds or numerical limits within a specified period of time. Generally, more than two exchanges of Fund shares during any 60-day period or purchases of shares followed by a sale within 60 days will be identified by these surveillance procedures. For purposes of these transaction surveillance procedures, the Fund may consider trading activity in multiple accounts under common ownership, control or influence. Trading activity identified by either, or a combination, of these factors, or as a result of any other information available at the time, will be evaluated to determine whether such activity might constitute excessive or short-term trading. With respect to managed or discretionary accounts for which the account owner gives his/her broker, investment adviser or other third party authority to buy and sell Fund shares, the Fund may consider trades initiated by the account owner, such as trades initiated in connection with bona fide cash management purposes, separately in their analysis. These surveillance procedures may be modified from time to time, as necessary or appropriate to improve the detection of excessive or short-term trading or to address specific circumstances. .. ACCOUNT BLOCKING PROCEDURES. If the Fund determines, in its sole discretion, that a particular transaction or pattern of transactions identified by the transaction surveillance procedures described above is excessive or short-term trading in nature, the Fund will take remedial action that may include issuing a warning, revoking certain account-related privileges (such as the ability to place purchase, sale and exchange orders over the internet or by phone) or prohibiting or "blocking" future purchase or exchange activity. However, sales of Fund shares back to the Fund or redemptions will continue to be permitted in accordance with the terms of the Fund's current Prospectus. As a result, unless the shareholder redeems his or her shares, which may have consequences if the shares have declined in value or adverse tax consequences may result, the shareholder may be "locked" into an unsuitable investment. A blocked account will generally remain blocked for 90 days. Subsequent detections of excessive or short-term trading may result in an indefinite account block or an account block until the account holder or the associated broker, dealer or other financial intermediary provides evidence or assurance acceptable to the Fund that the account holder did not or will not in the future engage in excessive or short-term trading. .. APPLICATIONS OF SURVEILLANCE PROCEDURES AND RESTRICTIONS TO OMNIBUS ACCOUNTS. Omnibus account arrangements are common forms of holding shares of the Fund, particularly among certain brokers, dealers and other financial intermediaries, including sponsors of retirement plans. The Fund applies its surveillance procedures to these omnibus account arrangements. As required by Commission rules, the Fund has entered into agreements with all of its financial intermediaries that require the financial intermediaries to provide the Fund, upon the request of the Fund or its agents, with individual account level information about their transactions. If the Fund detects excessive trading through its monitoring of omnibus accounts, including trading at the individual account level, the financial intermediaries will also execute instructions from the Fund to take actions to curtail the activity, which may include applying blocks to accounts to prohibit future purchases and 19
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exchanges of Fund shares. For certain retirement plan accounts, the Fund may request that the retirement plan or other intermediary revoke the relevant participant's privilege to effect transactions in Fund shares via the internet or telephone, in which case the relevant participant must submit future transaction orders via the U.S. Postal Service (i.e., regular mail). HOW THE FUND VALUES ITS SHARES The Fund's NAV is calculated at the close of regular trading on any day the Exchange is open (ordinarily, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, but sometimes earlier, as in the case of scheduled half-day trading or unscheduled suspensions of trading). To calculate NAV, the Fund's assets are valued and totaled, liabilities are subtracted, and the balance, called net assets, is divided by the number of shares outstanding. If the Fund invests in securities that are primarily traded on foreign exchanges that trade on weekends or other days when the Fund does not price its shares, the NAV of the Fund's shares may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem their shares in the Fund. The Fund values its securities at their current market value determined on the basis of market quotations or, if market quotations are not readily available or are unreliable, at "fair value" as determined in accordance with procedures established by and under the general supervision of the Board. When the Fund uses fair value pricing, it may take into account any factors it deems appropriate. The Fund may determine fair value based upon developments related to a specific security, current valuations of foreign stock indices (as reflected in U.S. futures markets) and/or U.S. sector or broader stock market indices. The prices of securities used by the Fund to calculate its NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security. The Fund expects to use fair value pricing for securities primarily traded on U.S. exchanges only under very limited circumstances, such as the early closing of the exchange on which a security is traded or suspension of trading in the security. The Fund may use fair value pricing more frequently for securities primarily traded in non-U.S. markets because, among other things, most foreign markets close well before the Fund ordinarily values its securities at 4:00 p.m., Eastern time. The earlier close of these foreign markets gives rise to the possibility that significant events, including broad market moves, may have occurred in the interim. For example, if the Fund believes that foreign security values may be affected by events that occur after the close of foreign securities markets, it may frequently value many of its foreign equity securities using fair value prices based on third-party vendor modeling tools to the extent available. Subject to the Board's oversight, the Board has delegated responsibility for valuing the Fund's assets to the Adviser. The Adviser has established a Valuation Committee, which operates under the policies and procedures approved by the Board, to value the Fund's assets on behalf of the Fund. The Valuation Committee values Fund assets as described above. More information about the valuation of the Fund's assets is available in the Fund's SAI. 20
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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVESTMENT ADVISER The Fund's Adviser is AllianceBernstein L.P., 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105. The Adviser is a leading international adviser supervising client accounts with assets as of September 30, 2014 totaling approximately $473 billion (of which approximately $95 billion represented assets of investment companies). As of September 30, 2014, the Adviser managed retirement assets for many of the largest public and private employee benefit plans (including 16 of the nation's FORTUNE 100 companies), for public employee retirement funds in 26 states and the District of Columbia, for investment companies, and for foundations, endowments, banks and insurance companies worldwide. The 33 registered investment companies managed by the Adviser, comprising approximately 123 separate investment portfolios, had as of September 30, 2014 approximately 2.8 million shareholder accounts. The Adviser provides investment advisory services and order placement facilities for the Fund. For these advisory services, the Fund paid the Adviser a fee of .55% for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2014. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board's approval of the Fund's investment advisory agreement is available in the Fund's annual report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2014. The Adviser may act as an investment adviser to other persons, firms or corporations, including investment companies, hedge funds, pension funds and other institutional investors. The Adviser may receive management fees, including performance fees, that may be higher or lower than the advisory fees it receives from the Fund. Certain other clients of the Adviser may have investment objectives and policies similar to those of the Fund. The Adviser may, from time to time, make recommendations that result in the purchase or sale of a particular security by its other clients simultaneously with the Fund. If transactions on behalf of more than one client during the same period increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, there may be an adverse effect on price or quantity. It is the policy of the Adviser to allocate advisory recommendations and the placing of orders in a manner that is deemed equitable by the Adviser to the accounts involved, including the Fund. When two or more of the clients of the Adviser (including the Fund) are purchasing or selling the same security on a given day from the same broker-dealer, such transactions may be averaged as to price. PORTFOLIO MANAGER The management of and investment decisions for the Fund are made by the Global REIT Senior Investment Management Team. The Global REIT Senior Investment Management Team relies heavily on the fundamental analysis and research of the Adviser's large internal research staff. No one person is principally responsible for making recommendations for the Fund's portfolio. The following table lists the person within the Global REIT Senior Investment Management Team with the most significant responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund, the length of time that person has been responsible for the Fund, and that person's principal occupation during the past five years: [Download Table] PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING EMPLOYEE; YEAR; TITLE THE PAST FIVE (5) YEARS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eric J. Franco; since 2012; Senior Vice Senior Vice President of the Adviser, President of the Adviser with which he has been associated in a substantially similar capacity as a portfolio manager since prior to 2010. The Fund's SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Manager's compensation, other accounts managed by the Portfolio Manager, and the Portfolio Manager's ownership of securities in the Fund. PERFORMANCE OF SIMILARLY MANAGED ACCOUNTS The performance shown above in the risk/return summary for the Fund for periods prior to December 31, 2008 reflects the Fund's performance under its former investment policies, and may not be representative of the performance the Fund would have achieved had its current investment policies been in effect during such periods. Certain of the investment team employed by the Adviser in managing the Fund have experience in managing discretionary accounts of institutional clients and/or other registered investment companies and portions thereof (the "Global Real Estate Investments") that have substantially the same investment objectives and policies and are managed in accordance with essentially the same investment strategies as those applicable to the portions of the Fund they manage. The Global Real Estate Investments that are not registered investment companies or portions thereof are not subject to certain limitations, diversification requirements and other restrictions imposed under the 1940 Act and the Code to which the Fund, as a registered investment company, is subject and which, if applicable to the Global Real Estate Investments, may have adversely affected the performance of the Global Real Estate Investments. Set forth below is performance data provided by the Adviser relating to the Global Real Estate Investments managed by the investment team that manages the Fund's assets. Performance data is shown for the period during which the investment team managed the Global Real Estate Investments through December 31, 2014. The aggregate assets for the Global Real Estate Investments managed by the investment team as of December 31, 2014 are also shown. Global Real Estate Investments has a nearly identical composition of investment holdings and related percentage weightings. 21
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The performance data is net of all fees (including brokerage commissions) charged to the Global Real Estate Investments, calculated on a monthly basis. Net-of-fees performance figures reflect the compounding effect of such fees. The data has not been adjusted to reflect any fees that will be payable by the Fund, which may be higher than the fees imposed on the Global Real Estate Investments, and will reduce the returns of the Fund. Except as noted, the performance data has also not been adjusted for corporate or individual taxes, if any, payable by account owners. The Adviser has calculated the investment performance of the Global Real Estate Investments on a trade-date basis. Dividends have been accrued at the end of the month and cash flows weighted daily. Composite investment performance for the Fund has been determined on an asset weighted basis. New accounts are included in the composite investment performance computations at the beginning of the quarter following the initial contribution. The total returns set forth below are calculated using a method that links the monthly return amounts for the disclosed periods, resulting in a time-weighted rate of return. Other methods of computing the investment performance of the Global Real Estate Investments may produce different results, and the results for different periods may vary. The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Real Estate Index ("FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Index") is a free-floating, market capitalization weighted index structured in such a way that it can be considered to represent general trends in all eligible real estate stocks worldwide. The index is designed to reflect the stock performance of companies engaged in specific aspects of the North American, European and Asian real estate markets. To the extent the investment team utilizes investment techniques such as futures or options, the indices shown may not be substantially comparable to the performance of the investment team's Global Real Estate Investments. The index shown is included to illustrate material economic and market factors that existed during the time periods shown. The index does not reflect the deduction of any fees or expenses associated with the active management of a mutual fund. The performance data below is provided solely to illustrate the investment team's performance in managing the Global Real Estate Investments as measured against a broad based market index. The performance of the Fund will be affected by the performance of the investment team managing the Fund's assets. If the investment team employed by the Adviser in managing the Fund were to perform relatively poorly, the performance of the Fund would suffer. Investors should not rely on the performance data of the Global Real Estate Investments as an indication of future performance of all or any portion of the Fund. The investment performance for the periods presented may not be indicative of future rates of return. The performance was not calculated pursuant to the methodology established by the Commission that will be used to calculate the Fund's performance. The use of methodology different from that used to calculate performance could result in different performance data. GLOBAL REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS NET OF FEES PERFORMANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2014 [Download Table] ASSETS (IN MILLIONS) 1 YEAR 3 YEARS* 5 YEARS* 10 YEARS* -------------------------------------------------------------------- Global Real Estate $1,188.70 14.56% 16.44% 11.83% 7.12% FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Index (gross) 15.89% 15.89% 12.03% 6.90% -------------------------------------------------------------------- FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Index (net)** 15.02% 15.06% 11.25% 6.22% -------------------------------------------------------------------- *Average annual returns. **FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Index (net) benchmark performance represents the time blend of FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Index (gross) from 1/1/2005 to 2/28/2005 and FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Index (net) from 3/1/2005 to present. TRANSFER AGENCY AND RETIREMENT PLAN SERVICES ABIS acts as the transfer agent for the Fund. ABIS, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Adviser, registers the transfer, issuance and redemption of shares of the Fund and disburses dividends and other distributions to Fund shareholders. Many Fund shares are owned by financial intermediaries for the benefit of their customers. In those cases, the Fund often does not maintain an account for you. Thus, some or all of the transfer agency functions for these accounts are performed by the financial intermediaries and plan recordkeepers. Retirement plans may also hold Fund shares in the name of the plan, rather than the participant. Plan recordkeepers, who may have affiliated financial intermediaries who sell shares of the Fund, may be paid for each plan participant fund account in amounts up to $19 per account per annum and/or up to 0.25% per annum of the average daily assets held in the plan. To the extent any of these payments for recordkeeping services, transfer agency services or retirement plan accounts are made by the Fund, they are included in the amount appearing opposite the caption "Other Expenses" found in the Fund expense table under "Fees and Expenses of the Fund" in the Summary Information at the beginning of this Prospectus. In addition, financial intermediaries may be affiliates of entities that receive compensation from the Adviser or ABI for maintaining retirement plan "platforms" that facilitate trading by affiliated and non-affiliated financial intermediaries and recordkeeping for retirement plans. Because financial intermediaries and plan recordkeepers may be paid varying amounts per class for sub-transfer agency and related recordkeeping services, the service requirements of which may also vary by class, this may create an additional incentive for financial intermediaries and their financial advisors to favor one fund complex over another or one class of shares over another. 22
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DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Fund's income dividends and capital gains distributions, if any, declared by the Fund on its outstanding shares will, at the election of each shareholder, be paid in cash or in additional shares of the same class of shares of the Fund. If paid in additional shares, the shares will have an aggregate NAV as of the close of business on the declaration date of the dividend or distribution equal to the cash amount of the dividend or distribution. You may make an election to receive dividends and distributions in cash or in shares at the time you purchase shares. Your election can be changed at any time prior to a date for a dividend. There is no sales or other charge in connection with the reinvestment of dividends or capital gains distributions. Cash dividends may be paid by check or, at your election, electronically via the ACH network. If you receive an income dividend or capital gains distribution in cash, you may, within 120 days following the date of its payment, reinvest the dividend or distribution in additional shares of the Fund without charge by returning to the Adviser, with appropriate instructions, the check representing the dividend or distribution. Thereafter, unless you otherwise specify, you will be deemed to have elected to reinvest all subsequent dividends and distributions in shares of the Fund. While it is the intention of the Fund to distribute to its shareholders substantially all of each fiscal year's net income and net realized capital gains, if any, the amount and timing of any dividend or distribution will depend on the realization by the Fund of income and capital gains from investments. There is no fixed dividend rate and there can be no assurance that the Fund will pay any dividends or realize any capital gains. For federal income tax purposes, the Fund's distributions of net income (or short-term capital gains) will be taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of long-term capital gains generally will be taxable to you as long-term capital gains. The Fund's distributions also may be subject to certain state and local taxes. Dividends and distributions are taxable whether you receive them in cash or shares, or reinvest a cash distribution in additional shares. Some or all of the distributions from a mutual fund may be treated as "qualified dividend income," taxable to non-corporate shareholders at the reduced tax rates applicable to long-term capital gains. A distribution from the Fund is treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that it is comprised of dividend income received by the Fund from taxable domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations, and provided that the Fund meets certain holding period and other requirements with respect to the security paying the dividend. In addition, the shareholder must meet certain holding period requirements with respect to the shares of the Fund in order for dividends from the Fund to be treated as qualified dividend income. To the extent distributions from the Fund are attributable to other sources, such as taxable interest, most distributions from real estate investment trusts, or short-term capital gains, dividends paid by the Fund will not be treated as qualified dividend income. The Fund will notify you as to how much of the Fund's distributions, if any, are treated as qualified dividend income, assuming that you also satisfy the holding period requirements. Since REITs pay distributions based on cash flow, without regard to depreciation and amortization, it is likely that a portion of the distributions paid to the Fund and subsequently distributed to shareholders may be a nontaxable return of capital. The final determination of the amount of the Fund's return of capital distributions for the period will be made after the end of each calendar year. Investment income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to foreign income taxes withheld at the source. To the extent that the Fund is liable for foreign income taxes withheld at the source, the Fund intends, if possible, to operate so as to meet the requirements of the Code to "pass through" to the Fund's shareholders credits for foreign income taxes paid (or to permit shareholders to claim a deduction for such foreign taxes), but there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to do so. Furthermore, a share-holder's ability to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction for foreign taxes paid by the Fund may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, as a result of which a shareholder may not be permitted to claim a credit or deduction for all or a portion of the amount of such taxes. Under certain circumstances, if the Fund realizes losses (e.g., from fluctuations in currency exchange rates) after paying a dividend, all or a portion of the dividend may subsequently be characterized as a return of capital. Returns of capital are generally nontaxable, but will reduce a shareholder's basis in shares of the Fund. If that basis is reduced to zero (which could happen if the shareholder does not reinvest distributions and returns of capital are significant), any further returns of capital will be taxable as a capital gain. If you buy shares just before the Fund deducts a distribution from its NAV, you will pay the full price for the shares and then receive a portion of the price back as a taxable distribution. The sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable transaction for federal income tax purposes. Each year shortly after December 31, the Fund will send you tax information stating the amount and type of all its distributions for the year. You are encouraged to consult your tax adviser about the federal, state, and local tax consequences in your particular circumstances, as well as about any possible foreign tax consequences. NON-U.S. SHAREHOLDERS If you are a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation for federal income tax purposes, please see the Fund's SAI for information on how you will be taxed as a result of holding shares in the Fund. 23
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GENERAL INFORMATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Under unusual circumstances, the Fund may suspend redemptions or postpone payment for up to seven days or longer, as permitted by federal securities law. The Fund reserves the right to close an account that has remained below $1,000 for 90 days. During drastic economic or market developments, you might have difficulty in reaching ABIS by telephone, in which event you should issue written instructions to ABIS. ABIS is not responsible for the authenticity of telephone requests to purchase, sell or exchange shares. ABIS will employ reasonable procedures to verify that telephone requests are genuine, and could be liable for losses resulting from unauthorized transactions if it failed to do so. Dealers and agents may charge a commission for handling telephonic requests. The telephone service may be suspended or terminated at any time without notice. Shareholder Services. ABIS offers a variety of shareholder services. For more information about these services or your account, call ABIS's toll-free number, 800-221-5672. Some services are described in the Mutual Fund Application. Householding. Many shareholders of the AB Mutual Funds have family members living in the same home who also own shares of the same Funds. In order to reduce the amount of duplicative mail that is sent to homes with more than one Fund account and to reduce expenses of the Fund, all AB Mutual Funds will, until notified otherwise, send only one copy of each prospectus, shareholder report and proxy statement to each household address. This process, known as "householding", does not apply to account statements, confirmations, or personal tax information. If you do not wish to participate in householding, or wish to discontinue householding at any time, call ABIS at 800-221-5672. We will resume separate mailings for your account within 30 days of your request. 24
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GLOSSARY -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DEBT SECURITIES are bonds, debentures, notes, bills, loans, other direct debt instruments, and other fixed, floating, and variable rate debt obligations, but do not include convertible securities. EQUITY SECURITIES are (i) common stocks, partnership interests, business trust shares and other equity or ownership interests in business enterprises and (ii) securities convertible into, and rights and warrants to subscribe for the purchase of, such stocks, shares and interests. FIXED-INCOME SECURITIES are debt securities and dividend-paying preferred stocks, including floating rate and variable rate instruments. FTSE EPRA NAREIT DEVELOPED REAL ESTATE INDEX is designed to represent general trends in eligible real estate equities worldwide. The index is designed to reflect the stock performance of companies engaged in specific aspects of the North American, European, and Asian real estate markets. FTSE NAREIT EQUITY REIT INDEX is designed to present investors with a comprehensive family of REIT performance indices that span the commercial real estate space across the U.S. economy, offering exposure to all investment and property sectors. MSCI WORLD INDEX is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index designed to measure developed-market equity performance throughout the world. S&P 500 INDEX is a stock market index containing the stocks of 500 U.S. large-cap corporations. Widely regarded as the best single gauge of the U.S. equities market, the S&P 500 Index includes a representative sample of 500 leading companies in leading industries of the U.S. economy. 25
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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Fund's financial performance for the past five years. Certain information reflects financial results for a single share of the Fund. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming investment of all dividends and distributions). The information has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, is included in the Fund's annual report, which is available upon request. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Enlarge/Download Table] CLASS I YEAR ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net asset value, beginning of period $ 10.35 $ 9.59 $ 8.42 $ 9.04 $ 7.78 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS Net investment income(a) .27 .25 .24 .18 .22 Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment and foreign currency transactions .73 1.15 1.24 (.34) 1.61 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Net increase (decrease) in net asset value from operations 1.00 1.40 1.48 (.16) 1.83 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- LESS: DIVIDENDS Dividends from net investment income (.58) (.64) (.31) (.46) (.57) -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Net asset value, end of period $ 10.77 $ 10.35 $ 9.59 $ 8.42 $ 9.04 ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== TOTAL RETURN Total investment return based on net asset value(b) 10.45% 15.07% 18.04% (1.87)% 24.73% RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA Net assets, end of period (000's omitted) $403,479 $445,546 $615,033 $681,226 $883,101 Ratio to average net assets of: Expenses .67% .65% .63% .62% .62%+ Net investment income 2.62% 2.49% 2.71% 2.02% 2.79%+ Portfolio turnover rate 78% 95% 101% 66% 62% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (a)Based on average shares outstanding. (b)Total investment return is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the net asset value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value during the period, and redemption on the last day of the period. Total return does not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on fund distributions or the redemption of fund shares. Total investment return calculated for a period of less than one year is not annualized. + The ratio includes expenses attributable to costs of proxy solicitation. 26
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APPENDIX A -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT AND EXPENSE INFORMATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The settlement agreement between the Adviser and the New York State Attorney General requires the Fund to include the following supplemental hypothetical investment information that provides additional information calculated and presented in a manner different from expense information found under "Fees and Expenses of the Fund" in the Summary Information at the beginning of this Prospectus about the effect of the Fund's expenses, including investment advisory fees and other Fund costs, on the Fund's returns over a 10-year period. The chart shows the estimated expenses that would be charged on a hypothetical investment of $10,000 in Class I shares of the Fund assuming a 5% return each year. The chart also assumes that the current annual expense ratio stays the same throughout the 10-year period. The current annual expense ratio for the Fund is the same as stated under "Fees and Expenses." Your actual expenses may be higher or lower. AB GLOBAL REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT FUND II -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Download Table] HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT HYPOTHETICAL HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE AFTER HYPOTHETICAL ENDING YEAR INVESTMENT EARNINGS RETURNS EXPENSES INVESTMENT -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 $10,000.00 $ 500.00 $10,500.00 $ 70.35 $10,429.65 2 10,429.65 521.48 10,951.13 73.37 10,877.76 3 10,877.76 543.89 11,421.65 76.53 11,345.12 4 11,345.12 567.26 11,912.38 79.81 11,832.57 5 11,832.57 591.63 12,424.20 83.24 12,340.96 6 12,340.96 617.05 12,958.01 86.82 12,871.19 7 12,871.19 643.56 13,514.75 90.55 13,424.20 8 13,424.20 671.21 14,095.41 94.44 14,000.97 9 14,000.97 700.05 14,701.02 98.50 14,602.52 10 14,602.52 730.13 15,332.65 102.73 15,229.92 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cumulative $6,086.26 $856.34 A-1
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For more information about the Fund, the following documents are available upon request: .. ANNUAL/SEMI-ANNUAL REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS The Fund's annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders contain additional information on the Fund's investments. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance during its last fiscal year. .. STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (SAI) The Fund has an SAI, which contains more detailed information about the Fund, including its operations and investment policies. The Fund's SAI and the independent registered public accounting firm's report and financial statements in the Fund's most recent annual report to shareholders are incorporated by reference into (and are legally part of) this Prospectus. You may request a free copy of the current annual/semi-annual report or the SAI, by contacting your Bernstein advisor, or by contacting the Adviser: [Download Table] BY MAIL AllianceBernstein L.P. 1345 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10105 BY PHONE: (212) 486-5800 ON THE INTERNET: www.bernstein.com Or you may view or obtain these documents from the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission"): .. Call the Commission at 1-202-551-8090 for information on the operation of the Public Reference Room. .. Reports and other information about the Fund are available on the EDGAR Database on the Commission's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. .. Copies of the information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Commission's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-0102. SEC File No: 811-08403 PRO-0105-0115 [GRAPHIC]
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[LOGO] AB INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS, INC. - AB GLOBAL REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT FUND II (Class I - ARIIX) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- c/o AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. P.O. Box 786003, San Antonio, Texas 78278-6003 Toll Free (800) 221-5672 For Literature: Toll Free (800) 227-4618 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION January 30, 2015 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") is not a prospectus but supplements and should be read in conjunction with the current prospectus dated January 30, 2015, for AB Global Real Estate Investment Fund II (the "Fund"), a series of AB Institutional Funds, Inc. (the "Company"), that offers Class I shares of the Fund (the "Prospectus"). Financial statements for the Fund for the year ended October 31, 2014, are included in the annual report to shareholders and are incorporated into this SAI by reference. Copies of the Prospectus and annual report may be obtained by contacting AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. ("ABIS") at the address or the "For Literature" telephone number shown above or on the Internet at www.ABglobal.com.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ----------------- Page ---- INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND AND ITS INVESTMENTS................................ 1 INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS...................................................... 34 MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND....................................................... 35 EXPENSES OF THE FUND......................................................... 56 PURCHASE OF SHARES........................................................... 58 REDEMPTION AND REPURCHASE OF SHARES.......................................... 65 SHAREHOLDER SERVICES......................................................... 67 NET ASSET VALUE.............................................................. 71 DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES........................................... 75 PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS....................................................... 80 GENERAL INFORMATION.......................................................... 84 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM........................................................... 87 APPENDIX A: STATEMENT OF POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR PROXY VOTING........................................................A-1 The [A/B] logo is a service mark of AllianceBernstein and AllianceBernstein(R) is a registered trademark used by permission of the owner, AllianceBernstein L.P.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND AND ITS INVESTMENTS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Fund is a series of the Company. The Company is an open-end investment company. The Fund is a separate pool of assets constituting, in effect, a separate open-end management investment company with its own investment objective and policies. Except as otherwise indicated, the investment objective and policies of the Fund are not "fundamental policies" within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), and may, therefore, be changed by the Company's Board of Directors (the "Directors" or the "Board") without a shareholder vote. However, the Fund will not change its investment objective without at least 60 days' prior written notice to its shareholders. The Fund is a diversified fund as a matter of fundamental policy. There can be, of course, no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Whenever any investment policy or practice, including any restriction, described in the Prospectus or herein states a maximum percentage of the Fund's assets that may be invested in any security or other asset, it is intended that such maximum percentage limitation be determined immediately after and as a result of the Fund's acquisition of such securities or other assets. Accordingly, any later increase or decrease in percentage beyond the specified limitation resulting from a change in values or net assets will not be considered a violation of any such maximum. Additional Investment Policies and Practices -------------------------------------------- The following investment policies and practices supplements the information set forth in the Prospectus. Convertible Securities ---------------------- Convertible securities include bonds, debentures, corporate notes and preferred stocks that are convertible at a stated exchange ratio into shares of the underlying common stock. Prior to their conversion, convertible securities have the same general characteristics as non-convertible debt securities, which provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of equity securities of the same or similar issuers. As with all debt securities, the market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, to increase as interest rates decline. While convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar quality, they do enable the investor to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock. When the market price of the common stock underlying a convertible security increases, the price of the convertible security increasingly reflects the value of the underlying common stock and may rise accordingly. As the market price of the underlying common stock declines, the convertible security tends to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and thus may not depreciate to the same extent as the underlying common stock. Convertible securities rank senior to common stocks on an issuer's capital structure. They consequently entail less risk than the issuer's common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed-income security. Derivatives ----------- The Fund may, but is not required to, use derivatives for hedging or other risk management purposes or as part of its investment strategies. Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index. These assets, rates, and indices may include bonds, stocks, mortgages, commodities, interest rates, currency exchange rates, bond indices and stock indices. There are four principal types of derivatives- forwards, futures, options, and swaps. These principal types of derivative instruments, as well as the methods in which they may be used by the Fund are described below. Derivatives include listed and cleared transactions where the Fund's derivative trade counterparty is an exchange or clearinghouse and non-cleared bilateral "over-the-counter" ("OTC") transactions, where the Fund's derivative trade counterparty is a financial institution. Exchange-traded or cleared derivatives transactions tend to be more liquid and subject to less counterparty credit risk than those that are privately negotiated. The Fund may use derivatives to earn income and enhance returns, to hedge or adjust the risk profile of a portfolio and either to replace more traditional direct investments or to obtain exposure to otherwise inaccessible markets. Forward Contracts. A forward contract, which may be standardized or customized and privately negotiated, is an agreement for one party to buy, and the other party to sell, a specific quantity of an underlying commodity or other tangible asset for an agreed-upon price at a future date. A forward contract generally is settled by physical delivery of the commodity or other tangible asset underlying the forward contract to an agreed-upon location at a future date (rather than settled by cash) or is rolled forward into a new forward contract. Non-deliverable forwards ("NDFs") specify a cash payment upon maturity. Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. A futures contract is an agreement that obligates the buyer to buy and the seller to sell a specified quantity of an underlying asset (or settle for cash the value of a contract based on an underlying asset, rate or index) at a specific price on the contract maturity date. Options on futures contracts are options that call for the delivery of futures contracts upon exercise. Futures contracts are standardized, exchange-traded instruments and are fungible (i.e., considered to be perfect substitutes for each other). This fungibility allows futures contracts to be readily offset or canceled through the acquisition of equal but opposite positions, which is the primary method in which futures contracts are liquidated. A cash-settled futures contract does not require physical delivery of the underlying asset but instead is settled for cash equal to the difference between the values of the contract on the date it is entered into and its maturity date. Options. An option, which may be standardized and exchange-traded or customized and privately negotiated, is an agreement that, for a premium payment or fee, gives the option holder (the buyer) the right but not the obligation to buy (a "call") or sell (a "put") the underlying asset (or settle for cash an amount based on an underlying asset, rate or index) at a specified price (the exercise price) during a period of time or on a specified date. Likewise, when an option is exercised the writer of the option is obligated to sell (in the case of a call option) or to purchase (in the case of a put option) the underlying asset (or settle for cash an amount based on an underlying asset, rate or index). Swaps. A swap is an agreement that obligates two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at specified intervals (payment dates) based upon or calculated by reference to changes in specified prices or rates (interest rates in the case of interest rate swaps, currency exchange rates in the case of currency swaps) for a specified amount of an underlying asset (the "notional" principal amount). Swaps are entered into on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). Generally, the notional principal amount is used solely to calculate the payment streams but is not exchanged. Certain standardized swaps, including certain interest rate swaps and credit default swaps, are (or soon will be) subject to mandatory central clearing. Cleared swaps are transacted through futures commission merchants ("FCMs") that are members of central clearinghouses with the clearinghouse serving as central counterparty, similar to transactions in futures contracts. Funds post initial and variation margin to support their obligations under cleared swaps by making payments to their clearing member FCMs. Central clearing is expected to reduce counterparty credit risks and increase liquidity, but central clearing does not make swap transactions risk free. Centralized clearing will be required for additional categories of swaps on a phased-in basis based on Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") approval of contracts for central clearing. Bilateral swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors and are not cleared through a third party. Risks of Derivatives and Other Regulatory Issues. Investment techniques employing such derivatives involve risks different from, and, in certain cases, greater than, the risks presented by more traditional investments. Following is a general discussion of important risk factors and issues concerning the use of derivatives. -- Market Risk. This is the general risk attendant to all investments that the value of a particular investment will change in a way detrimental to the Fund's interest. -- Management Risk. Derivative products are highly specialized instruments that require investment expertise and risk analyses different from those associated with stocks and bonds. The use of a derivative requires an understanding not only of the underlying instrument but also of the derivative itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under all possible market conditions. In particular, the use and complexity of derivatives require the maintenance of adequate controls to monitor the transactions entered into, the ability to assess the risk that a derivative adds to the Fund's investment portfolio, and the ability to forecast price, interest rate or currency exchange rate movements correctly. -- Credit Risk. This is the risk that a loss may be sustained by the Fund as a result of the failure of another party to a derivative (usually referred to as a "counterparty") to comply with the terms of the derivative contract. The credit risk for derivatives traded on an exchange or through a clearinghouse is generally less than for uncleared OTC derivatives, since the exchange or clearinghouse, which is the issuer or counterparty to each derivative, provides a guarantee of performance. This guarantee is supported by a daily payment system (i.e., margin requirements) operated by the clearinghouse in order to reduce overall credit risk. For uncleared OTC derivatives, there is no similar clearing agency guarantee. Therefore, the Fund considers the creditworthiness of each counterparty to an uncleared OTC derivative in evaluating potential credit risk. -- Counterparty Risk. The value of an OTC derivative will depend on the ability and willingness of the Fund's counterparty to perform its obligations under the transaction. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies but may choose not to enforce them to avoid the cost and unpredictability of legal proceedings. In addition, if a counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations, the Fund could miss investment opportunities or otherwise be required to retain investments it would prefer to sell, resulting in losses for the Fund. Participants in OTC derivatives markets generally are not subject to the same level of credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are exchanges or clearinghouses. As a result, OTC derivatives generally expose the Fund to greater counterparty risk than derivatives traded on an exchange or through a clearinghouse. New regulations affecting derivatives transactions now, or will soon, require certain standardized derivatives, including many types of swaps, to be subject to mandatory central clearing. Under these new requirements, a central clearing organization will be substituted as the counterparty to each side of the derivatives transaction. Each party to derivatives transactions will be required to maintain its positions with a clearing organization through one or more clearing brokers. Central clearing is expected to reduce, but not eliminate, counterparty risk. The Fund will be subject to the risk that its clearing member or clearing organization will itself be unable to perform its obligations. -- Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when a particular instrument is difficult to purchase or sell. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with many privately negotiated derivatives), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous price. -- Leverage Risk. Since many derivatives have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, rate or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. In the case of swaps, the risk of loss generally is related to a notional principal amount, even if the parties have not made any initial investment. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. -- Regulatory Risk. The U.S. Government is in the process of adopting and implementing additional regulations governing derivatives markets, including clearing as discussed above, margin, reporting and registration requirements. While the full extent and cost of these regulations is currently unclear, these regulations could, among other things, restrict the Fund's ability to engage in derivatives transactions and/or increase the cost of such derivatives transactions (through increased margin or capital requirements). In addition, Congress, various exchanges and regulatory and self-regulatory authorities have undertaken reviews of options and futures trading in light of market volatility. Among the actions that have been taken or proposed to be taken are new limits and reporting requirements for speculative positions, new or more stringent daily price fluctuation limits for futures and options transactions, and increased margin requirements for various types of futures transactions. These regulations and actions may adversely affect the instruments in which the Fund invests and its ability to execute its investment strategy. -- Other Risks. Other risks in using derivatives include the risk of mispricing or improper valuation of derivatives and the inability of derivatives to correlate perfectly with underlying assets, rates and indices. Many derivatives, in particular privately negotiated derivatives, are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to the Fund. Derivatives do not always perfectly or even highly correlate or track the value of the assets, rates or indices they are designed to closely track. Consequently, the Fund's use of derivatives may not always be an effective means of, and sometimes could be counterproductive to, furthering the Fund's investment objective. Other. The Fund may purchase and sell derivative instruments only to the extent that such activities are consistent with the requirements of the Commodity Exchange Act ("CEA") and the rules adopted by the CFTC thereunder. Under CFTC rules, a registered investment company that conducts more than a certain amount of trading in futures, commodity options, swaps and other commodity interests is a commodity pool and its adviser must register as a commodity pool operator ("CPO"). Under such rules, registered investment companies are subject to additional registration and reporting requirements. AllianceBernstein L.P., the Fund's adviser (the "Adviser") and the Fund have claimed an exclusion from the definition of CPO under CFTC Rule 4.5 under the CEA with respect to the Fund and are not currently subject to these registration and reporting requirements under the CEA. Use of Options, Futures, Forwards and Swaps by the Fund ------------------------------------------------------- --Forward Currency Exchange Contracts. A forward currency exchange contract is an obligation by one party to buy, and the other party to sell, a specific amount of a currency for an agreed-upon price at a future date. Forward currency exchange contracts are customized, privately-negotiated agreements designed to satisfy the objectives of each party. A forward currency exchange contract may result in the delivery of the underlying asset upon maturity of the contract in return for the agreed-upon payment. NDFs specify a cash payment upon maturity. NDFs are normally used when the market for physical settlement of the currency is underdeveloped, heavily regulated or highly taxed. The Fund may, for example, enter into forward currency exchange contracts to attempt to minimize the risk to the Fund from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. Dollar and other currencies. The Fund may purchase or sell forward currency exchange contracts for hedging purposes similar to those described below in connection with its transactions in foreign currency futures contracts. The Fund may also purchase or sell forward currency exchange contracts for non-hedging purposes as a means of making investments in foreign currencies, as described below under "Currency Transactions". If a hedging transaction in forward currency exchange contracts is successful, the decline in the value of portfolio securities or the increase in the cost of securities to be acquired may be offset, at least in part, by profits on the forward currency exchange contract. Nevertheless, by entering into such forward currency exchange contracts, the Fund may be required to forgo all or a portion of the benefits which otherwise could have been obtained from favorable movements in exchange rates. The Fund may also use forward currency exchange contracts to seek to increase total return when the Adviser anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency are not held by the Fund and do not present attractive investment opportunities. For example, the Fund may enter into a foreign currency exchange contract to purchase a currency if the Adviser expects the currency to increase in value. The Fund would recognize a gain if the market value of the currency is more than the contract value of the currency at the time of settlement of the contract. Similarly, the Fund may enter into a foreign currency exchange contract to sell a currency if the Adviser expects the currency to decrease in value. The Fund would recognize a gain if the market value of the currency is less than the contract value of the currency at the time of settlement of the contract. The cost of engaging in forward currency exchange contracts varies with such factors as the currencies involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Since transactions in foreign currencies are usually conducted on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved. --Options on Securities. The Fund may write and purchase call and put options on securities. In purchasing an option on securities, the Fund would be in a position to realize a gain if, during the option period, the price of the underlying securities increased (in the case of a call) or decreased (in the case of a put) by an amount in excess of the premium paid; otherwise the Fund would experience a loss not greater than the premium paid for the option. Thus, the Fund would realize a loss if the price of the underlying security declined or remained the same (in the case of a call) or increased or remained the same (in the case of a put) or otherwise did not increase (in the case of a put) or decrease (in the case of a call) by more than the amount of the premium. If a put or call option purchased by the Fund were permitted to expire without being sold or exercised, its premium would represent a loss to the Fund. The Fund may write a put or call option in return for a premium, which is retained by the Fund whether or not the option is exercised. The Fund may write covered or uncovered call or put options on securities. A call option written by the Fund is "covered" if the Fund owns the underlying security, has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security upon conversion or exchange of another security it holds, or holds a call option on the underlying security with an exercise price equal to or less than the exercise price of the call option it has written. A put option written by the Fund is covered if the Fund holds a put option on the underlying securities with an exercise price equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put option it has written. Uncovered options, or naked options, are riskier than covered options. For example, if the Fund wrote a naked call option and the price of the underlying security increased, the Fund would have to purchase the underlying security for delivery to the call buyer and sustain a loss equal to the difference between the option price and the marked price of the security. The Fund may purchase put options to hedge against a decline in the value of portfolio securities. If such decline occurs, the put options will permit the Fund to sell the securities at the exercise price or to close out the options at a profit. By using put options in this way, the Fund will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized on the underlying security by the amount of the premium paid for the put option and by transaction costs. The Fund may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities that the Fund anticipates purchasing in the future. If such increase occurs, the call option will permit the Fund to purchase the securities at the exercise price, or to close out the options at a profit. The premium paid for the call option plus any transaction costs will reduce the benefit, if any, realized by the Fund upon exercise of the option, and, unless the price of the underlying security rises sufficiently, the option may expire worthless to the Fund and the Fund will suffer a loss on the transaction to the extent of the premium paid. The Fund may also, as an example, write combinations of put and call options on the same security, known as "straddles", with the same exercise and expiration date. By writing a straddle, the Fund undertakes a simultaneous obligation to sell and purchase the same security in the event that one of the options is exercised. If the price of the security subsequently rises above the exercise price, the call will likely be exercised and the Fund will be required to sell the underlying security at or below market price. This loss may be offset, however, in whole or in part, by the premiums received on the writing of the two options. Conversely, if the price of the security declines by a sufficient amount, the put will likely be exercised. The writing of straddles will likely be effective, therefore, only where the price of the security remains relatively stable and neither the call nor the put is exercised. In those instances where one of the options is exercised, the loss on the purchase or sale of the underlying security may exceed the amount of the premiums received. The Fund may purchase or write options on securities of the types in which it is permitted to invest in privately negotiated (i.e., OTC) transactions. By writing a call option, the Fund limits its opportunity to profit from any increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. By writing a put option, the Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price above its then current market value, resulting in a capital loss unless the security subsequently appreciates in value. Where options are written for hedging purposes, such transactions constitute only a partial hedge against declines in the value of portfolio securities or against increases in the value of securities to be acquired, up to the amount of the premium. The Fund will effect such transactions only with investment dealers and other financial institutions (such as commercial banks or savings and loan institutions) deemed creditworthy by the Adviser, and the Adviser has adopted procedures for monitoring the creditworthiness of such entities. Options purchased or written in negotiated transactions may be illiquid and it may not be possible for the Fund to effect a closing transaction at a time when the Adviser believes it would be advantageous to do so. --Options on Securities Indices. An option on a securities index is similar to an option on a security except that, rather than taking or making delivery of a security at a specified price, an option on a securities index gives the holder the right to receive, upon exercise of the option, an amount of cash if the closing level of the chosen index is greater than (in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option. The Fund may write (sell) call and put options and purchase call and put options on securities indices. If the Fund purchases put options on securities indices to hedge its investments against a decline in the value of portfolio securities, it will seek to offset a decline in the value of securities it owns through appreciation of the put option. If the value of the Fund's investments does not decline as anticipated, or if the value of the option does not increase, the Fund's loss will be limited to the premium paid for the option. The success of this strategy will largely depend on the accuracy of the correlation between the changes in value of the index and the changes in value of the Fund's security holdings. The Fund may also write put or call options on securities indices to, among other things, earn income. If the value of the chosen index declines below the exercise price of the put option, the Fund has the risk of loss of the amount of the difference between the exercise price and the closing level of the chosen index, which it would be required to pay to the buyer of the put option and which may not be offset by the premium it received upon sale of the put option. Similarly, if the value of the index is higher than the exercise price of the call option, the Fund has the risk of loss of the amount of the difference between the exercise price and the closing level of the chosen index, which may not be offset by the premium it received upon sale of the call option. If the decline or increase in the value securities index is significantly below or above the exercise price of the written option, the Fund could experience a substantial loss. The purchase of call options on securities indices may be used by the Fund to attempt to reduce the risk of missing a broad market advance, or an advance in an industry or market segment, at a time when the Fund holds uninvested cash or short-term debt securities awaiting investment. When purchasing call options for this purpose, the Fund will also bear the risk of losing all or a portion of the premium paid if the value of the index does not rise. The purchase of call options on stock indices when the Fund is substantially fully invested is a form of leverage, up to the amount of the premium and related transaction costs, and involves risks of loss and of increased volatility similar to those involved in purchasing call options on securities the Fund owns. Other Option Strategies. In an effort to earn extra income, to adjust exposure to individual securities or markets, or to protect all or a portion of its portfolio from a decline in value, sometimes within certain ranges, the Fund may use option strategies such as the concurrent purchase of a call or put option, including on individual securities and stock indices, futures contracts (including on individual securities and stock indices) or shares of exchange-traded funds ("ETFs") at one strike price and the writing of a call or put option on the same individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF at a higher strike price in the case of a call option or at a lower strike price in the case of a put option. The maximum profit from this strategy would result for the call options from an increase in the value of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF above the higher strike price or for the put options the decline in the value of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF below the lower strike price. If the price of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF declines in the case of the call option or increases in the case of the put option, the Fund has the risk of losing the entire amount paid for the call or put options. --Options on Foreign Currencies. The Fund may purchase and write options on foreign currencies for hedging and non-hedging purposes. For example, a decline in the dollar value of a foreign currency in which portfolio securities are denominated will reduce the dollar value of such securities, even if their value in the foreign currency remains constant. In order to protect against such diminutions in the value of portfolio securities, the Fund may purchase put options on the foreign currency. If the value of the currency does decline, the Fund will have the right to sell such currency for a fixed amount in dollars and could thereby offset, in whole or in part, the adverse effect on its portfolio which otherwise would have resulted. Conversely, where a rise in the dollar value of a currency in which securities to be acquired are denominated is projected, thereby increasing the cost of such securities, the Fund may purchase call options on the currency. The purchase of such options could offset, at least partially, the effects of the adverse movements in exchange rates. As in the case of other types of options, however, the benefit to the Fund from purchases of foreign currency options will be reduced by the amount of the premium and related transaction costs. In addition, where currency exchange rates do not move in the direction or to the extent anticipated, the Fund could sustain losses on transactions in foreign currency options which would require it to forgo a portion or all of the benefits of advantageous changes in such rates. In addition, where the Fund anticipates a decline in the dollar value of non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities due to adverse fluctuations in exchange rates it could, instead of purchasing a put option, write a call option on the relevant currency. If the expected decline occurs, the option will most likely not be exercised, and the diminution in value of portfolio securities could be offset by the amount of the premium received. Similarly, instead of purchasing a call option to hedge against an anticipated increase in the dollar cost of securities to be acquired, the Fund could write a put option on the relevant currency, which, if rates move in the manner projected, will expire unexercised and allow the Fund to hedge such increased cost up to the amount of the premium. As in the case of other types of options, however, the writing of a foreign currency option will constitute only a partial hedge up to the amount of the premium, and only if rates move in the expected direction. If this does not occur, the option may be exercised and the Fund will be required to purchase or sell the underlying currency at a loss which may not be offset by the amount of the premium. Through the writing of options on foreign currencies, the Fund also may be required to forgo all or a portion of the benefits that might otherwise have been obtained from favorable movements in exchange rates. In addition to using options for the hedging purposes described above, the Fund may also invest in options on foreign currencies for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies. The Fund may use options on currency to seek to increase total return when the Adviser anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency are not held by the Fund and do not present attractive investment opportunities. For example, the Fund may purchase call options in anticipation of an increase in the market value of a currency. The Fund would ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of such currency exceeded the sum of the exercise price, the premium paid and transaction costs. Otherwise, the Fund would realize no gain or loss on the purchase of the call option. Put options may be purchased by the Fund for the purpose of benefiting from a decline in the value of a currency that the Fund does not own. The Fund would normally realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of the underlying currency decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to more than cover the premium and transaction costs. Otherwise, the Fund would realize no gain or loss on the purchase of the put option. For additional information on the use of options on foreign currencies for non-hedging purposes, see "Currency Transactions" below. Special Risks Associated with Options on Currencies. An exchange traded options position may be closed out only on an options exchange that provides a secondary market for an option of the same series. Although the Fund will generally purchase or sell options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time. For some options, no secondary market on an exchange may exist. In such event, it might not be possible to effect closing transactions in particular options, with the result that the Fund would have to exercise its options in order to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs on the purchase or sale of the underlying currency. --Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. Futures contracts that the Fund may buy and sell may include futures contracts on fixed-income or other securities, and contracts based on interest rates, foreign currencies or financial indices, including any index of U.S. Government securities. The Fund may, for example, purchase or sell futures contracts and options thereon to hedge against changes in interest rates, securities (through index futures or options) or currencies. Interest rate futures contracts are purchased or sold for hedging purposes to attempt to protect against the effects of interest rate changes on the Fund's current or intended investments in fixed-income securities. For example, if the Fund owned long-term bonds and interest rates were expected to increase, the Fund might sell interest rate futures contracts. Such a sale would have much the same effect as selling some of the long-term bonds in the Fund's portfolio. However, since the market for interest rate futures contracts may be more liquid than the cash market for individual bonds, and the use of interest rate futures contracts as a hedging technique allows the Fund to hedge its interest rate risk without having to sell its portfolio securities. If interest rates were to increase, the value of the debt securities in the portfolio would decline, but the value of the Fund's interest rate futures contracts would be expected to increase at approximately the same rate, thereby keeping the net asset value, or NAV, of the Fund from declining as much as it otherwise would have. On the other hand, if interest rates were expected to decline, interest rate futures contracts could be purchased to hedge in anticipation of subsequent purchases of long-term bonds at higher prices. Because the fluctuations in the value of the interest rate futures contracts should be similar to those of long-term bonds, the Fund could protect itself against the effects of the anticipated rise in the value of long-term bonds without actually buying them until the necessary cash becomes available or the market has stabilized. At that time, the interest rate futures contracts could be liquidated and the Fund's cash reserves could then be used to buy long-term bonds on the cash market. The Fund may purchase and sell foreign currency futures contracts for hedging or risk management purposes in order to protect against fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Such fluctuations could reduce the dollar value of portfolio securities denominated in foreign currencies, or increase the cost of non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities to be acquired, even if the value of such securities in the currencies in which they are denominated remains constant. The Fund may sell futures contracts on a foreign currency, for example, when it holds securities denominated in such currency and it anticipates a decline in the value of such currency relative to the dollar. If such a decline were to occur, the resulting adverse effect on the value of non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities may be offset, in whole or in part, by gains on the futures contracts. However, if the value of the foreign currency increases relative to the dollar, the Fund's loss on the foreign currency futures contract may or may not be offset by an increase in the value of the securities because a decline in the price of the security stated in terms of the foreign currency may be greater than the increase in its value as a result of the change in exchange rates. Conversely, the Fund could protect against a rise in the dollar cost of non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities to be acquired by purchasing futures contracts on the relevant currency, which could offset, in whole or in part, the increased cost of such securities resulting from a rise in the dollar value of the underlying currencies. When the Fund purchases futures contracts under such circumstances, however, and the price in dollars of securities to be acquired instead declines as a result of appreciation of the dollar, the Fund will sustain losses on its futures position which could reduce or eliminate the benefits of the reduced cost of portfolio securities to be acquired. The Fund may also engage in currency "cross hedging" when, in the opinion of the Adviser, the historical relationship among foreign currencies suggests that the Fund may achieve protection against fluctuations in currency exchange rates similar to that described above at a reduced cost through the use of a futures contract relating to a currency other than the U.S. Dollar or the currency in which the foreign security is denominated. Such "cross hedging" is subject to the same risks as those described above with respect to an unanticipated increase or decline in the value of the subject currency relative to the U.S. Dollar. The Fund may also use foreign currency futures contracts and options on such contracts for non-hedging purposes. Similar to options on currencies described above, the Fund may use foreign currency futures contracts and options on such contracts to seek to increase total return when the Adviser anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency are not held by the Fund and do not present attractive investment opportunities. The risks associated with foreign currency futures contracts and options on futures are similar to those associated with options on foreign currencies, as described above. For additional information on the use of futures contracts on foreign currencies and options on such contracts for non-hedging purposes, see "Currency Transactions" below. Purchases or sales of stock or bond index futures contracts may be used for hedging purposes to attempt to protect the Fund's current or intended investments from broad fluctuations in stock or bond prices. For example, the Fund may sell stock or bond index futures contracts in anticipation of or during a market decline to attempt to offset the decrease in market value of the Fund's portfolio securities that might otherwise result. If such decline occurs, the loss in value of portfolio securities may be offset, in whole or in part, by gains on the futures position. When the Fund is not fully invested in the securities market and anticipates a significant market advance, it may purchase stock or bond index futures contracts in order to gain rapid market exposure that may, in whole or in part, offset increases in the cost of securities that the Fund intends to purchase. As such purchases are made, the corresponding positions in stock or bond index futures contracts will be closed out. Options on futures contracts are options that call for the delivery of futures contracts upon exercise. Options on futures contracts written or purchased by the Fund will be traded on U.S. exchanges. The writing of a call option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against declining prices of the securities in the Fund's portfolio. If the futures price at expiration of the option is below the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have occurred in the Fund's portfolio holdings. The writing of a put option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against increasing prices of the securities or other instruments required to be delivered under the terms of the futures contract. If the futures price at expiration of the put option is higher than the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any increase in the price of securities which the Fund intends to purchase. If a put or call option the Fund has written is exercised, the Fund will incur a loss which will be reduced by the amount of the premium it receives. Depending on the degree of correlation between changes in the value of its portfolio securities and changes in the value of its options on futures positions, the Fund's losses from exercised options on futures may to some extent be reduced or increased by changes in the value of portfolio securities. The Fund may purchase options on futures contracts for hedging purposes instead of purchasing or selling the underlying futures contracts. For example, where a decrease in the value of portfolio securities is anticipated as a result of a projected market-wide decline or changes in interest or exchange rates, the Fund could, in lieu of selling futures contracts, purchase put options thereon. In the event that such decrease were to occur, it may be offset, in whole or part, by a profit on the option. If the anticipated market decline were not to occur, the Fund will suffer a loss equal to the price of the put. Where it is projected that the value of securities to be acquired by the Fund will increase prior to acquisition due to a market advance or changes in interest or exchange rates, the Fund could purchase call options on futures contracts, rather than purchasing the underlying futures contracts. If the market advances, the increased cost of securities to be purchased may be offset by a profit on the call. However, if the market declines, the Fund will suffer a loss equal to the price of the call, but the securities that the Fund intends to purchase may be less expensive. --Credit Default Swap Agreements. The "buyer" in a credit default swap contract is obligated to pay the "seller" a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract in return for a contingent payment upon the occurrence of a credit event with respect to an underlying reference obligation. Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, failure to pay, obligation acceleration or restructuring. The Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. As a seller, the Fund receives a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, which typically is between one month and ten years, provided that no credit event occurs. If a credit event occurs, the Fund typically must pay the contingent payment to the buyer. The contingent payment will be either (i) the "par value" (face amount) of the reference obligation, in which case the Fund will receive the reference obligation in return, or (ii) an amount equal to the difference between the par value and the current market value of the reference obligation. The periodic payments received by the Fund, coupled with the value of any reference obligation received, may be less than the full amount it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss to the Fund. If the Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund will lose its periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer typically receives the full notional value for a reference obligation that may have little or no value. Credit default swaps may involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly. Credit default swaps are subject to general market risk, liquidity risk and credit risk. --Currency Swaps. The Fund may enter into currency swaps for hedging purposes in an attempt to protect against adverse changes in exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and other currencies or for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described below under "Currency Transactions". Currency swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of a series of payments in specified currencies. Currency swaps may involve the exchange of actual principal amounts of currencies by the counterparties at the initiation and again upon termination of the transaction. Currency swaps may be bilateral and privately negotiated, with the Fund expecting to achieve an acceptable degree of correlation between its portfolio investments and its currency swaps positions. The Fund will not enter into any currency swap unless the credit quality of the unsecured senior debt or the claims-paying ability of the counterparty thereto is rated in the highest short-term rating category of at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization ("NRSRO") at the time of entering into the transaction. --Eurodollar Instruments. Eurodollar instruments are essentially U.S. Dollar-denominated futures contracts or options thereon that are linked to the London Interbank Offered Rate and are subject to the same limitations and risks as other futures contracts and options. --Currency Transactions. The Fund may invest in non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities on a currency hedged or un-hedged basis. The Adviser may actively manage the Fund's currency exposures and may seek investment opportunities by taking long or short positions in currencies through the use of currency-related derivatives, including forward currency exchange contracts, futures and options on futures, swaps and options. The Adviser may enter into transactions for investment opportunities when it anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency are not held by the Fund and do not present attractive investment opportunities. Such transactions may also be used when the Adviser believes that it may be more efficient than a direct investment in a foreign currency-denominated security. The Fund may also conduct currency exchange contracts on a spot basis (i.e., for cash at the spot rate prevailing in the currency exchange market for buying or selling securities). Special Risks Associated with Swaps. Risks may arise as a result of the failure of the counterparty to a bilateral swap contract to comply with the terms of the swap contract. The loss incurred by the failure of a counterparty is generally limited to the net interim payment to be received by a Fund, and/or the termination value at the end of the contract. Therefore, the Fund considers the creditworthiness of the counterparty to a bilateral swap contract. The risk is mitigated by having a netting arrangement between the Fund and the counterparty and by the posting of collateral by the counterparty to the Fund to cover the Fund's exposure to the counterparty. Certain standardized swaps, including interest rate swaps and credit default swaps, are, or soon will be subject to mandatory central clearing. Central clearing is expected, among other things, to reduce counterparty credit risk, but does not eliminate it completely. Additionally, risks may arise from unanticipated movements in interest rates or in the value of the underlying securities. The Fund accrues for the changes in value on swap contracts on a daily basis, with the net amount recorded within unrealized appreciation/depreciation of swap contracts on the statement of assets and liabilities. Once the interim payments are settled in cash, the net amount is recorded as realized gain/(loss) on swaps on the statement of operations, in addition to any realized gain/(loss) recorded upon the termination of swap contracts. Fluctuations in the value of swap contracts are recorded as a component of net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation of swap contracts on the statement of operations. --Synthetic Foreign Equity Securities. The Fund may invest in different types of derivatives generally referred to as synthetic foreign equity securities. These securities may include international warrants or local access products. International warrants are financial instruments issued by banks or other financial institutions, which may or may not be traded on a foreign exchange. International warrants are a form of derivative security that may give holders the right to buy or sell an underlying security or a basket of securities representing an index from or to the issuer of the warrant for a particular price or may entitle holders to receive a cash payment relating to the value of the underlying security or index, in each case upon exercise by the Fund. Local access products are similar to options in that they are exercisable by the holder for an underlying security or a cash payment based upon the value of that security, but are generally exercisable over a longer term than typical options. These types of instruments may be American style which means that they can be exercised at any time on or before their expiration date, or European style, which means that they may be exercised only on the expiration date. Other types of synthetic foreign equity securities in which the Fund may invest include covered warrants and low exercise price warrants. Covered warrants entitle the holder to purchase from the issuer, typically a financial institution, upon exercise, common stock of an international company or receive a cash payment (generally in U.S. Dollars). The issuer of the covered warrant usually owns the underlying security or has a mechanism, such as owning equity warrants on the underlying securities, through which they can obtain the securities. The cash payment is calculated according to a predetermined formula, which is generally based on the difference between the value of the underlying security on the date of exercise and the strike price. Low exercise price warrants are warrants with an exercise price that is very low relative to the market price of the underlying instrument at the time of issue (e.g., one cent or less). The buyer of a low exercise price warrant effectively pays the full value of the underlying common stock at the outset. In the case of any exercise of warrants, there may be a time delay between the time a holder of warrants gives instructions to exercise and the time the price of the common stock relating to exercise or the settlement date is determined, during which time the price of the underlying security could change significantly. In addition, the exercise or settlement date of the warrants may be affected by certain market disruption events, such as difficulties relating to the exchange of a local currency into U.S. Dollars, the imposition of capital controls by a local jurisdiction or changes in the laws relating to foreign investments. These events could lead to a change in the exercise date or settlement currency of the warrants, or postponement of the settlement date. In some cases, if the market disruption events continue for a certain period of time, the warrants may become worthless resulting in a total loss of the purchase price of the warrants. The Fund will acquire synthetic foreign equity securities issued by entities deemed to be creditworthy by the Adviser, which will monitor the creditworthiness of the issuers on an ongoing basis. Investments in these instruments involve the risk that the issuer of the instrument may default on its obligation to deliver the underlying security or cash in lieu thereof. These instruments may also be subject to liquidity risk because there may be a limited secondary market for trading the warrants. They are also subject, like other investments in foreign securities, to foreign risk and currency risk. International warrants also include equity warrants, index warrants, and interest rate warrants. Equity warrants are generally issued in conjunction with an issue of bonds or shares, although they also may be issued as part of a rights issue or scrip issue. When issued with bonds or shares, they usually trade separately from the bonds or shares after issuance. Most warrants trade in the same currency as the underlying stock (domestic warrants), but also may be traded in different currency (euro-warrants). Equity warrants are traded on a number of foreign exchanges and in over-the-counter markets. Index warrants and interest rate warrants are rights created by an issuer, typically a financial institution, entitling the holder to purchase, in the case of a call, or sell, in the case of a put, respectively, an equity index or a specific bond issue or interest rate index at a certain level over a fixed period of time. Index warrants transactions settle in cash, while interest rate warrants can typically be exercised in the underlying instrument or settle in cash. The Fund also may invest in long-term options of, or relating to, international issuers. Long-term options operate much like covered warrants. Like covered warrants, long term-options are call options created by an issuer, typically a financial institution, entitling the holder to purchase from the issuer outstanding securities of another issuer. Long-term options have an initial period of one year or more, but generally have terms between three and five years. Unlike U.S. options, long-term European options do not settle through a clearing corporation that guarantees the performance of the counterparty. Instead, they are traded on an exchange and subject to the exchange's trading regulations. Forward Commitments and When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Securities ------------------------------------------------------------------- Forward commitments for the purchase or sale of securities may include purchases on a "when-issued" basis or purchases or sales on a "delayed delivery" basis. In some cases, a forward commitment may be conditioned upon the occurrence of a subsequent event, such as approval and consummation of a merger, corporate reorganization or debt restructuring (i.e., a "when, as and if issued" trade). When forward commitment transactions are negotiated, the price is fixed at the time the commitment is made. The Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, but the Fund does not pay for the securities until they are received. If the Fund is fully or almost fully invested when forward commitment purchases are outstanding, such purchases may result in a form of leverage. Leveraging the portfolio in this manner may increase the Fund's volatility of returns. The use of forward commitments enables the Fund to protect against anticipated changes in interest rates and/or prices. For instance, the Fund may enter into a forward contract when it enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency in order to "lock in" the U.S. Dollar price of the security ("transaction hedge"). In addition, when the Fund believes that a foreign currency may suffer a substantial decline against the U.S. Dollar, it may enter into a forward sale contract to sell an amount of that foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of the Fund's securities denominated in such foreign currency, or when the Fund believes that the U.S. Dollar may suffer a substantial decline against a foreign currency, it may enter into a forward purchase contract to buy that foreign currency for a fixed dollar amount ("position hedge"). If the Adviser were to forecast incorrectly the direction of exchange rate movements, the Fund might be required to complete such when-issued or forward transactions at prices inferior to the then current market values. When-issued securities and forward commitments may be sold prior to the settlement date. If the Fund chooses to dispose of the right to acquire a when-issued security prior to its acquisition or dispose of its right to deliver or receive against a forward commitment, it may incur a gain or loss. Any significant commitment of the Fund's assets to the purchase of securities on a when-issued basis may increase the volatility of the Fund's NAV. Forward commitments include "to be announced" ("TBA") mortgage-backed securities, which are contracts for the purchase or sale of mortgage-backed securities to be delivered at a future agreed-upon date, but where the specific mortgage pool number or the number of pools that will be delivered to fulfill the trade obligation or terms of the contract are unknown at the time of the trade. Subsequent to the time of the trade, a mortgage pool or pools guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association, or GNMA, the Federal National Mortgage Association, or FNMA, or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or FHLMC, (including fixed rate or variable rate mortgages) are allocated to the TBA mortgage-backed securities transactions. At the time the Fund intends to enter into a forward commitment, it will record the transaction and thereafter reflect the value of the security purchased or, if a sale, the proceeds to be received, in determining its NAV. Any unrealized appreciation or depreciation reflected in such valuation of a "when, as and if issued" security would be canceled in the event that the required conditions did not occur and the trade was canceled. Purchases of securities on a forward commitment or when-issued basis may involve more risk than other types of purchases. For example, by committing to purchase securities in the future, the Fund subjects itself to a risk of loss on such commitments as well as on its portfolio securities. Also, the Fund may have to sell assets which have been set aside in order to meet redemptions. In addition, if the Fund determines it is advisable as a matter of investment strategy to sell the forward commitment or "when-issued" or "delayed delivery" securities before delivery, the Fund may incur a gain or loss because of market fluctuations since the time the commitment to purchase such securities was made. Any such gain or loss would be treated as a capital gain or loss for tax purposes. When the time comes to pay for the securities to be purchased under a forward commitment or on a "when-issued" or "delayed delivery" basis, the Fund will meet its obligations from the then available cash flow or the sale of securities, or, although it would not normally expect to do so, from the sale of the forward commitment or "when-issued" or "delayed delivery" securities themselves (which may have a value greater or less than the Fund's payment obligation). No interest or dividends accrue to the purchaser prior to the settlement date for securities purchased or sold under a forward commitment. In addition, in the event the other party files for bankruptcy, becomes insolvent, or defaults on its obligation, the Fund may be adversely affected. Illiquid Securities ------------------- The Fund will not invest in illiquid securities if immediately after such investment more than 15% or such other amount permitted by guidance regarding the 1940 Act of the Fund's net assets would be invested in such securities. For this purpose, illiquid securities include, among others, (a) direct placements or other securities which are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale or for which there is no readily available market (e.g., trading in the security is suspended or, in the case of unlisted securities, market makers do not exist or will not entertain bids or offers), (b) options purchased by the Fund over-the-counter and the cover for options written by the Fund over-the-counter, and (c) repurchase agreements not terminable within seven days. Securities that have legal or contractual restrictions on resale but have a readily available market are not deemed illiquid for purposes of this limitation. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of restricted securities (securities that are subject to restrictions on resale to the general public) or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and a mutual fund might be unable to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemptions within seven days. A mutual fund may also have to take certain steps or wait a certain amount of time in order to remove the transfer restrictions for such restricted securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") allows a broader institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restriction on resale to the general public. Rule 144A establishes a "safe harbor" from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resales of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. To the extent permitted by applicable law, Rule 144A Securities will not be treated as illiquid for purposes of the foregoing restriction so long as such securities meet the liquidity guidelines established by the Directors. Pursuant to these guidelines, the Adviser will monitor the liquidity of the Fund's investment in Rule 144A Securities. An insufficient number of qualified institutional buyers interested in purchasing certain restricted securities held by the Fund, however, could affect adversely the marketability of such portfolio securities and the Fund might be unable to dispose of such securities promptly or at reasonable prices. The Adviser, acting under the oversight of the Board, will monitor the liquidity of restricted securities in the Fund that are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A. In reaching liquidity decisions, the Adviser will consider, among others, the following factors: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers issuing quotations to purchase or sell the security; (3) the number of other potential purchasers of the security; (4) the number of dealers undertaking to make a market in the security; (5) the nature of the security (including its unregistered nature) and the nature of the marketplace for the security (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of the transfer); and (6) any applicable interpretation by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") or position with respect to such type of securities. Investment in Exchange-Traded Funds and Other Investment Companies ------------------------------------------------------------------ The Fund may invest in shares of ETFs, subject to the restrictions and limitations of the 1940 Act, or any applicable rules, exemptive orders or regulatory guidance. ETFs are pooled investment vehicles, which may be managed or unmanaged, that generally seek to track the performance of a specific index. ETFs will not track their underlying indices precisely since the ETFs have expenses and may need to hold a portion of their assets in cash, unlike the underlying indices, and the ETFs may not invest in all of the securities in the underlying indices in the same proportion as the indices for varying reasons. The Fund will incur transaction costs when buying and selling ETF shares, and indirectly bear the expenses of the ETFs. In addition, the market value of an ETF's shares, which are based on supply and demand in the market for the ETFs shares, may differ from their NAV. Accordingly, there may be times when an ETF's shares trade at a discount to its NAV. The Fund may also invest in investment companies other than ETFs, as permitted by the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As with ETF investments, if the Fund acquires shares in other investment companies, shareholders would bear, indirectly, the expenses of such investment companies (which may include management and advisory fees), which are in addition to the Fund's expenses. The Fund intends to invest uninvested cash balances in an affiliated money market fund as permitted by Rule 12d1-1 under the 1940 Act. Loans of Portfolio Securities ----------------------------- The Fund may seek to increase income by lending portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and financial institutions ("borrowers") to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder (as such statute, rules and regulations may be amended from time to time). Under the securities lending program, all securities loans will be secured continually by cash collateral. A principal risk in lending portfolio securities is that the borrower will fail to return the loaned securities upon termination of the loan and the collateral will not be sufficient to replace the loaned securities upon the borrower's default. In determining whether to lend securities to a particular borrower, the Adviser (subject to oversight by the Board) will consider all relevant facts and circumstances, including the creditworthiness of the borrower. The loans would be made only to firms deemed by the Adviser to be creditworthy, and when, in the judgment of the Adviser, the consideration that can be earned currently from securities loans of this type justifies the attendant risk. The Fund will be compensated for the loan from the net return from the interest earned on the cash collateral after a rebate is paid to the borrower (which may be a negative amount - i.e, the borrower may pay a fee to the Fund in connection with the loan) and fees are paid to the securities lending agent and for certain other administrative expenses. The Fund will have the right, by providing notice to the borrower at any time, to call a loan and obtain the securities loaned within the normal and customary settlement time for the securities. While securities are on loan, the borrower is obligated to pay the Fund amounts equal to any income or other distributions from the securities. The Fund will invest any cash collateral in a money market fund that complies with Rule 2a-7, has been approved by the Board and is expected to be advised by the Adviser. Any such investment of cash collateral will be subject to the money market fund's risks. The Fund may pay reasonable finders', administrative, and custodial fees in connection with a loan. The Fund will not have the right to vote on any securities having voting rights during the existence of the loan. The Fund will have the right to regain record ownership of loaned securities or equivalent securities in order to exercise voting or ownership rights. When the Fund lends its securities, its investment performance will continue to reflect the value of securities on loan. Mortgage-Related Securities and Other Asset-Backed Securities ------------------------------------------------------------- The mortgage-related securities in which the Fund may invest typically are securities representing interests in pools of mortgage loans made by lenders such as savings and loan associations, mortgage bankers and commercial banks and are assembled for sale to investors (such as the Fund) by governmental, government-related or private organizations. Private organizations include commercial banks, savings associations, mortgage companies, investment banking firms, finance companies, special purpose finance entities (called special purpose vehicles or SPVs) and other entities that acquire and package loans for resales as mortgage-related securities. Specifically, these securities may include pass-through mortgage-related securities, collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), CMO residuals, adjustable-rate mortgage securities ("ARMS"), stripped mortgage-backed securities ("SMBSs"), commercial mortgage-backed securities, mortgage dollar rolls, collateralized obligations and other securities that directly or indirectly represent a participation in or are secured by and payable from mortgage loans on real property and other assets. Pass-Through Mortgage-Related Securities. Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these securities provide a monthly payment consisting of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a "pass-through" of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying residential property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs that may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities are described as "modified pass-through". These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment. The average life of pass-through pools varies with the maturities of the underlying mortgage instruments. In addition, a pool's term may be shortened by unscheduled or early payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages. The occurrence of mortgage prepayments is affected by factors including the level of interest rates, general economic conditions, the location and age of the mortgage and other social and demographic conditions. As prepayment rates of individual pools vary widely, it is not possible to accurately predict the average life of a particular pool. For pools of fixed-rate 30-year mortgages, common industry practice is to assume that prepayments will result in a 12-year average life. Pools of mortgages with other maturities or different characteristics will have varying average life assumptions. The assumed average life of pools of mortgages having terms of less than 30 years, is less than 12 years, but typically not less than 5 years. Yields on pass-through securities are typically quoted by investment dealers and vendors based on the maturity of the underlying instruments and the associated average life assumption. In periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to increase, thereby shortening the actual average life of a pool of mortgage-related securities. Conversely, in periods of rising interest rates the rate of prepayment tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the actual average life of the pool. Historically, actual average life has been consistent with the 12-year assumption referred to above. Actual prepayment experience may cause the yield to differ from the assumed average life yield. Reinvestment of prepayments may occur at higher or lower interest rates than the original investment, thus affecting the yield of the Fund. The compounding effect from reinvestment of monthly payments received by the Fund will increase the yield to shareholders compared with bonds that pay interest semi-annually. The principal governmental (i.e., backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) guarantor of mortgage-related securities is GNMA. GNMA is a wholly-owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of Federal Housing Administration-insured or U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs-guaranteed mortgages. Government-related (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) guarantors include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA and FHLMC are a government-sponsored corporation or corporate instrumentality of the U.S. Government respectively (government-sponsored entities or "GSEs"), which were owned entirely by private stockholders until 2008 when they were placed in conservatorship by the U.S. Government. After being placed in conservatorship, the GSEs issued senior preferred stock and common stock to the U.S. Treasury in an amount equal to 79.9% of each GSE in return for certain funding and liquidity arrangements. The GSEs continue to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship and each remains liable for all of its obligations associated with its mortgage-backed securities. The U.S. Treasury provided additional funding to the GSEs, but recently the GSEs have been paying dividends to the U.S. Treasury in a cumulative amount almost equal to the payments made to the GSEs by the U.S. Treasury since 2008. The future of the GSEs is unclear as Congress is considering whether to adopt legislation that would severely restrict or even terminate their operations. FNMA purchases residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally-chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA and are now, in light of the funding and liquidity arrangements referenced above, effectively backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Participation certificates issued by FHLMC, which represent interests in mortgages from FHLMC's national portfolio, are guaranteed by FHLMC as to the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal and are now, in effect, backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Commercial banks, savings and loan associations, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Securities representing interests in pools created by non-governmental private issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than securities representing interests in pools created by governmental issuers because there are no direct or indirect governmental guarantees of the underlying mortgage payments. However, private issuers sometimes obtain committed loan facilities, lines of credit, letters of credit, surety bonds or other forms of liquidity and credit enhancement to support the timely payment of interest and principal with respect to their securities if the borrowers on the underlying mortgages fail to make their mortgage payments. The ratings of such non-governmental securities are generally dependent upon the ratings of the providers of such liquidity and credit support and would be adversely affected if the rating of such an enhancer were downgraded. The structuring of the pass-through pool may also provide credit enhancement. Examples of such credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include the issue of senior and subordinated securities (e.g., the issuance of securities by a SPV in multiple classes or "tranches", with one or more classes being senior to other subordinated classes as to payment of principal and interest, with the result that defaults on the underlying mortgage loans are borne first by the holders of the subordinated class); creation of "reserve funds" ( in which case cash or investments sometimes funded from a portion of the payments on the underlying mortgage loans, are held in reserve against future losses); and "overcollateralization" (in which case the scheduled payments on, or the principal amount of, the underlying mortgage loans exceeds that required to make payment of the securities and pay any servicing or other fees). There can be no guarantee that the credit enhancements, if any will be sufficient to prevent losses in the event of defaults on the underlying mortgage loans. In addition, mortgage-related securities that are issued by private issuers are not subject to the underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-related securities that have a government or GSE guaranteed. As a result, the mortgage loans underlying private mortgage-related securities may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics than government or government-sponsored mortgage-related securities and have wider variances in a number of terms, including interest rate, term, size, purposes and borrower characteristics. Privately issued pools more frequently include second mortgages, high loan-to-value mortgages and manufactured housing loans. The coupon rates and maturities of the underlying mortgage loans in a private-label mortgage-related pool may vary to a greater extent than those included in a government guaranteed pool, and the pool may include subprime mortgage loans. Subprime loans refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments on their loans. For these reasons, the loans underlying these securities have had in many cases higher default rates than those loans that meet government underwriting requirements. Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. Another form of mortgage-related security is a "pay-through" security, which is a debt obligation of the issuer secured by a pool of mortgage loans pledged as collateral that is legally required to be paid by the issuer, regardless of whether payments are actually made on the underlying mortgages. CMOs are the predominant type of "pay-through" mortgage-related security. In a CMO, a series of bonds or certificates is issued in multiple classes. Each class of a CMO, often referred to as a "tranche", is issued at a specific coupon rate and has a stated maturity or final distribution date. Principal prepayments on collateral underlying a CMO may cause one or more tranches of the CMO to be retired substantially earlier than the stated maturities or final distribution dates of the collateral. Although payment of the principal of, and interest on, the underlying collateral securing privately issued CMOs may be guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC, these CMOs represent obligations solely of the private issuer and are not insured or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA, FHLMC, any other governmental agency or any other person or entity. Adjustable-Rate Mortgage Securities. Another type of mortgage-related security, known as ARMS, bears interest at a rate determined by reference to a predetermined interest rate or index. ARMS may be secured by fixed-rate mortgages or adjustable-rate mortgages. ARMS secured by fixed-rate mortgages generally have lifetime caps on the coupon rates of the securities. To the extent that general interest rates increase faster than the interest rates on the ARMS, these ARMS will decline in value. The adjustable-rate mortgages that secure ARMS will frequently have caps that limit the maximum amount by which the interest rate or the monthly principal and interest payments on the mortgages may increase. These payment caps can result in negative amortization (i.e., an increase in the balance of the mortgage loan). Furthermore, since many adjustable-rate mortgages only reset on an annual basis, the values of ARMS tend to fluctuate to the extent that changes in prevailing interest rates are not immediately reflected in the interest rates payable on the underlying adjustable-rate mortgages. Stripped Mortgage-Related Securities. Stripped mortgage-related securities ("SMRS") are mortgage-related securities that are usually structured with separate classes of securities collateralized by a pool of mortgages or a pool of mortgage-backed bonds or pass-through securities, with each class receiving different proportions of the principal and interest payments from the underlying assets. A common type of SMRS has one class of interest-only securities ("IOs") receiving all of the interest payments from the underlying assets and one class of principal-only securities ("POs") receiving all of the principal payments from the underlying assets. IOs and POs are extremely sensitive to interest rate changes and are more volatile than mortgage-related securities that are not stripped. IOs tend to decrease in value as interest rates decrease and are extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal prepayments may have a material adverse effect on the yield to maturity of the IO class. POs generally increase in value as interest rates decrease. If prepayments of the underlying mortgages are greater than anticipated, the amount of interest earned on the overall pool will decrease due to the decreasing principal balance of the assets. Due to their structure and underlying cash flows, SMRS may be more volatile than mortgage-related securities that are not stripped. Changes in the values of IOs and POs can be substantial and occur quickly, such as occurred in the first half of 1994 when the value of many POs dropped precipitously due to increases in interest rates. The Fund will only invest in SMRS that are issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities and supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. Although SMRS are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, the complexity of these instruments and the smaller number of investors in the sector can lend to illiquid markets in the sector. Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities. Commercial mortgage-backed securities are securities that represent an interest in, or are secured by, mortgage loans secured by multifamily or commercial properties, such as industrial and warehouse properties, office buildings, retail space and shopping malls, and cooperative apartments, hotels and motels, nursing homes, hospitals and senior living centers. Commercial mortgage-backed securities have been issued in public and private transactions by a variety of public and private issuers using a variety of structures, some of which were developed in the residential mortgage context, including multi-class structures featuring senior and subordinated classes. Commercial mortgage-backed securities may pay fixed or floating-rates of interest. The commercial mortgage loans that underlie commercial mortgage-related securities have certain distinct risk characteristics. Commercial mortgage loans generally lack standardized terms, which may complicate their structure, tend to have shorter maturities than residential mortgage loans and may not be fully amortizing. Commercial properties themselves tend to be unique and are more difficult to value than single-family residential properties. In addition, commercial properties, particularly industrial and warehouse properties, are subject to environmental risks and the burdens and costs of compliance with environmental laws and regulations. "To Be Announced" Mortgaged-Backed Securities. TBA mortgage-backed securities are described in "Forward Commitments and When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Securities" above. Certain Risks. The value of mortgage-related securities is affected by a number of factors. Unlike traditional debt securities, which have fixed maturity dates, mortgage-related securities may be paid earlier than expected as a result of prepayments of underlying mortgages. Such prepayments generally occur during periods of falling mortgage interest rates. If property owners make unscheduled prepayments of their mortgage loans, these prepayments will result in the early payment of the applicable mortgage-related securities. In that event, the Fund may be unable to invest the proceeds from the early payment of the mortgage-related securities in investments that provide as high a yield as the mortgage-related securities. Early payments associated with mortgage-related securities cause these securities to experience significantly greater price and yield volatility than is experienced by traditional fixed-income securities. The level of general interest rates, general economic conditions and other social and demographic factors affect the occurrence of mortgage prepayments. During periods of falling interest rates, the rate of mortgage prepayments tends to increase, thereby tending to decrease the life of mortgage-related securities. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective life of mortgage-related securities, subjecting them to greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates. If the life of a mortgage-related security is inaccurately predicted, the Fund may not be able to realize the rate of return it expected. As with other fixed-income securities, there is also the risk of nonpayment of mortgage-related securities, particularly for those securities that are backed by mortgage pools that contain subprime loans. Market factors adversely affecting mortgage loan repayments include a general economic downturn, high unemployment, a general slowdown in the real estate market, a drop in the market prices of real estate, or higher mortgage payments required to be made by holders of adjustable rate mortgages due to scheduled increases or increases due to higher interest rates. Subordinated mortgage-related securities may have additional risks. The subordinated mortgage-related security may serve as credit support for the senior securities purchased by other investors. In addition, the payments of principal and interest on these subordinated securities generally will be made only after payments are made to the holders of securities senior to the subordinated securities. Therefore, if there are defaults on the underlying mortgage loans, the holders of subordinated mortgage-related securities will be less likely to receive payments of principal and interest and will be more likely to suffer a loss. Commercial mortgage-related securities, like all fixed-income securities, generally decline in value as interest rates rise. Moreover, although generally the value of fixed-income securities increases during periods of falling interest rates, this inverse relationship is not as marked in the case of single-family residential mortgage-related securities, due to the increased likelihood of prepayments during periods of falling interest rates, and may not be as marked in the case of commercial mortgage-related securities. The process used to rate commercial mortgage-related securities may focus on, among other factors, the structure of the security, the quality and adequacy of collateral and insurance, and the creditworthiness of the originators, servicing companies and providers of credit support. Although the market for mortgage-related securities is becoming increasingly liquid, those issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable. There may be a limited market for these securities, especially when there is a perceived weakness in the mortgage and real estate market sectors. In particular, the secondary market for CMOs, IOs and POs may be more volatile and less liquid than those for other mortgage-related securities, thereby potentially limiting the Fund's ability to buy or sell those securities at any particular time. Without an active trading market, mortgage-related securities held in the Fund's portfolio may be particularly difficult to value because of the complexities involved in the value of the underlying mortgages. In addition, the rating agencies may have difficulties in rating commercial mortgage-related securities through different economic cycles and in monitoring such ratings on a longer-term basis. As with fixed-income securities generally, the value of mortgage-related securities can also be adversely affected by increases in general interest rates relative to the yield provided by such securities. Such an adverse effect is especially possible with fixed-rate mortgage securities. If the yield available on other investments rises above the yield of the fixed-rate mortgage securities as a result of general increases in interest rate levels, the value of the mortgage-related securities will decline. Other Asset-Backed Securities. The Fund may invest in other asset-backed securities. The securitization techniques used to develop mortgage-related securities are being applied to a broad range of financial assets. Through the use of trusts and special purpose corporations, various types of assets, including automobile loans and leases, credit card receivables, home equity loans, equipment leases and trade receivables, are being securitized in structures similar to the structures used in mortgage securitizations. For example, the Fund may invest in collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs"), which include collateralized bond obligations ("CBOs"), collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs"), and other similarly structured securities. CBOs and CLOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust, which is backed by a diversified pool of high-risk, below investment grade fixed-income securities. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. These asset-backed securities are subject to risks associated with changes in interest rates, prepayment of underlying obligations and defaults similar to the risks of investment in mortgage-related securities discussed above. Each type of asset-backed security also entails unique risks depending on the type of assets involved and the legal structure used. For example, credit card receivables are generally unsecured obligations of the credit card holder and these debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. There have also been proposals to cap the interest rate that a credit card issuer may charge. In some transactions, the value of the asset-backed security is dependent on the performance of a third party acting as credit enhancer or servicer. Furthermore, in some transactions (such as those involving the securitization of vehicle loans or leases) it may be administratively burdensome to perfect the interest of the security issuer in the underlying collateral and the underlying collateral may become damaged or stolen. Real Estate Investment Trusts ----------------------------- Real Estate Investment Trusts ("REITs") are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in income-producing real estate or real estate related loans or interests. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs, or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of principal and interest payments. Similar to investment companies such as the Fund, REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with several requirements of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of expenses incurred by REITs in which the Fund invests in addition to the expenses incurred directly by the Fund. Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. REITs are dependent upon management skills, are not diversified, and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers and self-liquidation. Investing in REITs involves risks similar to those associated with investing in small capitalization companies. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities. Historically, small capitalization stocks, such as REITs, have had more price volatility than larger capitalization stocks. REITs are subject to the possibilities of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code and failing to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. REITs (especially mortgage REITs) also are subject to interest rate risks. When interest rates decline, the value of a REIT's investment in fixed-rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REIT's investment in fixed-rate obligations can be expected to decline. In contrast, as interest rates on adjustable-rate mortgage loans are reset periodically, yields on a REIT's investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates, causing the value of such investments to fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed-rate obligations. Repurchase Agreements and Buy/Sell Back Transactions ---------------------------------------------------- A repurchase agreement is an agreement by which the Fund purchases a security and obtains a simultaneous commitment from the seller to repurchase the security at an agreed-upon price and date, normally one day or a week later. The purchase and repurchase obligations are transacted under one document. The resale price is greater than the purchase price, reflecting an agreed-upon "interest rate" that is effective for the period of time the buyer's money is invested in the security, and which is related to the current market rate of the purchased security rather than its coupon rate. During the term of the repurchase agreement, the Fund monitors on a daily basis the market value of the securities subject to the agreement and, if the market value of the securities falls below the resale amount provided under the repurchase agreement, the seller under the repurchase agreement is required to provide additional securities or cash equal to the amount by which the market value of the securities falls below the resale amount. Because a repurchase agreement permits the Fund to invest temporarily available cash on a fully-collateralized basis, repurchase agreements permit the Fund to earn a return on temporarily available cash while retaining "overnight" flexibility in pursuit of investments of a longer-term nature. Repurchase agreements may exhibit the characteristics of loans by the Fund. The obligation of the seller under the repurchase agreement is not guaranteed, and there is a risk that the seller may fail to repurchase the underlying security, whether because of the seller's bankruptcy or otherwise. In such event, the Fund would attempt to exercise its rights with respect to the underlying security, including possible sale of the securities. The Fund may incur various expenses in the connection with the exercise of its rights and may be subject to various delays and risks of loss, including (a) possible declines in the value of the underlying securities, (b) possible reduction in levels of income and (c) lack of access to the securities (if they are held through a third-party custodian) and possible inability to enforce the Fund's rights. The Fund's Board of Directors has established procedures, which are periodically reviewed by the Board, pursuant to which the Adviser monitors the creditworthiness of the dealers with which the Fund enters into repurchase agreement transactions. The Fund may enter into buy/sell back transactions, which are similar to repurchase agreements. In this type of transaction, the Fund enters a trade to buy securities at one price and simultaneously enters a trade to sell the same securities at another price on a specified date. Similar to a repurchase agreement, the repurchase price is higher than the sale price and reflects current interest rates. Unlike a repurchase agreement, however, the buy/sell back transaction, though done simultaneously, is two separate legal agreements. A buy/sell back transaction also differs from a repurchase agreement in that the seller is not required to provide margin payments if the value of the securities falls below the repurchase price because the transaction is two separate transactions. The Fund has the risk of changes in the value of the purchased security during the term of the buy/sell back agreement although these agreements typically provide for the repricing of the original transaction at a new market price if the value of the security changes by a specific amount. Rights and Warrants ------------------- The Fund may invest in rights or warrants, which entitle the holder to buy equity securities at a specific price for a specific period of time, but will do so only if the equity securities themselves are deemed appropriate by the Adviser for inclusion in the Fund's portfolio. Rights and warrants may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments in that they do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the securities which may be purchased nor do they represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. Also, the value of a right or warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities and a right or warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to the expiration date. Securities Acquired in Restructurings and Workouts -------------------------------------------------- The Fund's investments may include fixed-income securities (particularly lower-rated fixed-income securities) or loan participations that default or are in risk of default ("Distressed Securities"). The Fund's investments may also include senior obligations of a borrower issued in connection with a restructuring pursuant to Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (commonly known as "debtor-in-possession" or "DIP" financings). Distressed Securities may be the subject of restructurings outside of bankruptcy court in a negotiated workout or in the context of bankruptcy proceedings. In connection with these investments or an exchange or workout of such securities, the Fund may determine or be required to accept various instruments. These instruments may include, but are not limited to, equity securities, warrants, rights, participation interests in sales of assets and contingent-interest obligations. Depending upon, among other things, the Adviser's evaluation of the potential value of such securities in relation to the price that could be obtained at any given time if they were sold, the Fund may determine to hold the securities in its portfolio. Short-Term Investments ---------------------- The Fund may invest in short-term investments including corporate commercial paper and other short-term commercial obligations, in each case rated or issued by companies with similar securities outstanding that are rated Prime-1, Aa3 or better by Moody's or A-1, AA- or better by S&P; obligations (including certificates of deposit, time deposits, demand deposits, and bankers' acceptances) of banks with securities outstanding that are rated Prime-1, Aa3 or better by Moody's or A-1, AA- or better by S&P; and obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities with remaining maturities not exceeding 18 months. The Fund may invest in debt securities rated BBB- or higher by S&P or Baa3 or higher by Moody's or, if not rated, of equivalent credit quality as determined by the Adviser. The Fund expects that it will not retain a debt security that is downgraded below BBB- or Baa3 (or an equivalent rating) or, if not rated, determined by the Adviser to have undergone similar credit quality deterioration, subsequent to purchase by the Fund. For additional information about securities ratings, please see "Additional Investment Policies and Practices - Securities Ratings" below. Standby Commitment Agreements ----------------------------- The Fund may from time to time enter into standby commitment agreements. Such agreements commit the Fund, for a stated period of time, to purchase a stated amount of a security which may be issued and sold to the Fund at the option of the issuer. The price and coupon of the security are fixed at the time of the commitment. At the time of entering into the agreement the Fund is paid a commitment fee, regardless of whether or not the security ultimately is issued, which is typically approximately 0.5% of the aggregate purchase price of the security which the Fund has committed to purchase. The fee is payable whether or not the security is ultimately issued. There can be no assurance that the securities subject to a standby commitment will be issued and the value of the security, if issued, on the delivery date may be more or less than its purchase price. Since the issuance of the security underlying the commitment is at the option of the issuer, the Fund will bear the risk of capital loss in the event the value of the security declines and may not benefit from an appreciation in the value of the security during the commitment period if the issuer decides not to issue and sell the security to the Fund. The purchase of a security subject to a standby commitment agreement and the related commitment fee will be recorded on the date on which the security can reasonably be expected to be issued and the value of the security will thereafter be reflected in the calculation of the Fund's NAV. The cost basis of the security will be adjusted by the amount of the commitment fee. In the event the security is not issued, the commitment fee will be recorded as income on the expiration date of the standby commitment. Securities Ratings ------------------ The ratings of fixed-income securities by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations including S&P, Moody's, Fitch Ratings ("Fitch"), Dominion Bond Rating Service Ltd. and A.M. Best Company are a generally accepted barometer of credit risk. They are, however, subject to certain limitations from an investor's standpoint. The rating of an issuer is heavily weighted by past developments and does not necessarily reflect probable future conditions. There is frequently a lag between the time a rating is assigned and the time it is updated. In addition, there may be varying degrees of difference in credit risk of securities within each rating category. The Adviser generally uses ratings issued by S&P, Moody's, Fitch and Dominion Bond Rating Service Ltd. Some securities are rated by more than one of these ratings agencies, and the ratings assigned to the security by the rating agencies may differ. In such an event and for purposes of determining compliance with restrictions on investments for the Fund, if a security is rated by two or more rating agencies, the Adviser will deem the security to be rated at the highest rating. For example, if a security is rated by Moody's and S&P only, with Moody's rating the security as Ba and S&P as BBB, the Adviser will deem the security to be rated as the equivalent of BBB (i.e., Baa by Moody's and BBB by S&P). Or, if a security is rated by Moody's, S&P and Fitch, with Moody's rating the security as Ba1, S&P as BBB and Fitch as BB, the Adviser will deem the security to be rated as the equivalent of BBB (i.e., Ba1 by Moody's, BBB by S&P and BBB by Fitch). Unless otherwise indicated, references to securities ratings by one rating agency in this SAI shall include the equivalent rating by another rating agency. Certain Risks and Other Considerations -------------------------------------- Cyber Security Risk. As the use of the Internet and other technologies has become more prevalent in the course of business, the Fund and its service providers, including the Adviser, have become more susceptible to operational and financial risks associated with cyber security. Cyber security incidents can result from deliberate attacks such as gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through "hacking" or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption, or from unintentional events, such as the inadvertent release of confidential information. Cyber security failures or breaches of the Fund or its service providers or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to cause disruptions and affect business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. While measures have been developed that are designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security, there is no guarantee that those measures will be effective, particularly since the Fund does not control the cyber security defenses or plans of its service providers, financial intermediaries and companies in which it invests or with which it does business. Risks of Investments in Foreign Securities. The securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with the majority of market capitalization and trading volume concentrated in a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. Consequently, the Fund whose investments include securities of foreign issuers may experience greater price volatility and significantly lower liquidity than a portfolio invested solely in equity securities of U.S. companies. These markets may be subject to greater influence by adverse events generally affecting the market, and by large investors trading significant blocks of securities, than is usual in the U.S. Securities settlements may in some instances be subject to delays and related administrative uncertainties. Certain foreign countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer's outstanding securities or a specific class of securities that may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals. These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude investment in certain securities and may increase the costs and expenses of the Fund. In addition, the repatriation of investment income, capital, or the proceeds of sales of securities from certain countries is controlled under regulations, including in some cases the need for certain advance government notification or authority. If a deterioration occurs in a country's balance of payments, the country could impose temporary or indefinite restrictions on foreign capital remittances. The Fund also could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation, as well as by the application of other restrictions on investment. Investing in local markets may require the Fund to adopt special procedures that may involve additional costs to the Fund. These factors may affect the liquidity of the Fund's investments in any country and the Adviser will monitor the effect of any such factor or factors on the Fund's investments. Furthermore, transaction costs including brokerage commissions for transactions both on and off the securities exchanges in many foreign countries are generally higher than in the U.S. Issuers of securities in foreign jurisdictions are generally not subject to the same degree of regulation as are U.S. issuers with respect to such matters as insider trading rules, restrictions on market manipulation, shareholder proxy requirements, and timely disclosure of information. The reporting, accounting and auditing standards of foreign countries may differ, in some cases significantly, from U.S. standards in important respects and less information may be available to investors in securities of foreign issuers than to investors in U.S. securities. Substantially less information is publicly available about certain foreign issuers than is available about U.S. issuers. The economies of individual foreign countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product or gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position. Nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, currency blockage, political changes, government regulation, political or social instability, revolutions, wars or diplomatic developments could affect adversely the economy of a non-U.S. country and the Fund's investments. In such events, the Fund could lose its entire investment in the country involved. In addition, laws in foreign countries governing business organizations, bankruptcy and insolvency may provide less protection to security holders such as the Fund than that provided by U.S. laws. Foreign Currency Transactions. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies and a corresponding portion of the Fund's revenues will be received in such currencies. In addition, the Fund may conduct foreign currency transactions for hedging and non-hedging purposes on a spot (i.e., cash) basis or through the use of derivatives transactions, such as forward currency exchange contracts, currency futures and options thereon, and options on currencies as described above. The dollar equivalent of the Fund's net assets and distributions will be adversely affected by reductions in the value of certain foreign currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar. Such changes will also affect the Fund's income. The Fund will, however, have the ability to attempt to protect itself against adverse changes in the values of foreign currencies by engaging in certain of the investment practices listed above. While the Fund has this ability, there is no certainty as to whether and to what extent the Fund will engage in these practices. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time causing, along with other factors, the Fund's NAV to fluctuate. Currency exchange rates generally are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets and the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or anticipated changes in interest rates and other complex factors, as seen from an international perspective. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably by the intervention of U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or the failure to intervene, or by currency controls or political developments in the U.S. or abroad. To the extent the Fund's total assets adjusted to reflect the Fund's net position after giving effect to currency transactions is denominated or quoted in the currencies of foreign countries, the Fund will be more susceptible to the risk of adverse economic and political developments within those countries. The Fund will incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. The Fund may hold foreign currency received in connection with investments when, in the judgment of the Adviser, it would be beneficial to convert such currency into U.S. Dollars at a later date, based on anticipated changes in the relevant exchange rate. If the value of the foreign currencies in which the Fund receives its income falls relative to the U.S. Dollar between receipt of the income and the making of Fund distributions, the Fund may be required to liquidate securities in order to make distributions if the Fund has insufficient cash in U.S. Dollars to meet, among other things, distribution requirements that the Fund must satisfy to qualify as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes. Similarly, if the value of a particular foreign currency declines between the time the Fund incurs expenses in U.S. Dollars and the time cash expenses are paid, the amount of the currency required to be converted into U.S. Dollars in order to pay expenses in U.S. Dollars could be greater than the equivalent amount of such expenses in the currency at the time they were incurred. In light of these risks, the Fund may engage in certain currency hedging transactions, which themselves, involve certain special risks. Risks of Forward Currency Exchange Contracts, Foreign Currency Futures Contracts and Options thereon, Options on Foreign Currencies, and Over-the-Counter Options on Securities. Transactions in forward currency exchange contracts, as well as futures and options on foreign currencies, are subject to all of the correlation, liquidity and other risks outlined above. In addition, however, such transactions are subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in or the prices of currencies underlying such contracts, which could restrict or eliminate trading and could have a substantial adverse effect on the value of positions held by the Fund. In addition, the value of such positions could be adversely affected by a number of other complex political and economic factors applicable to the countries issuing the underlying currencies. Further, unlike trading in most other types of instruments, there is no systematic reporting of last sale information with respect to the foreign currencies underlying contracts thereon. As a result, the available information on which trading decisions will be based may not be as complete as the comparable data on which the Fund makes investment and trading decisions in connection with other transactions. Moreover, because the foreign currency market is a global, twenty-four hour market, events could occur on that market but will not be reflected in the forward, futures or options markets until the following day, thereby preventing the Fund from responding to such events in a timely manner. Settlements of exercises of OTC forward currency exchange contracts or foreign currency options generally must occur within the country issuing the underlying currency, which in turn requires traders to accept or make delivery of such currencies in conformity with any U.S. or foreign restrictions and regulations regarding the maintenance of foreign banking relationships and fees, taxes or other charges. Unlike transactions entered into by the Fund in futures contracts and exchange-traded options, options on foreign currencies, forward currency exchange contracts and OTC options on securities and securities indices, and swaps may not be traded on contract markets regulated by the CFTC or (with the exception of certain foreign currency options) the SEC. Such instruments may instead be traded through financial institutions acting as market-makers, although foreign currency options are also traded on certain national securities exchanges, such as the Philadelphia Stock Exchange and the Chicago Board Options Exchange, that are subject to SEC regulation. In an over-the-counter trading environment, many of the protections afforded to exchange participants will not be available. For example, there are no daily price fluctuation limits, and adverse market movements could therefore continue to an unlimited extent over a period of time. Although the purchaser of an option cannot lose more than the amount of the premium plus related transaction costs, this entire amount could be lost. Moreover, the option writer could lose amounts substantially in excess of the initial investment due to the margin and collateral requirements associated with such positions. In addition, OTC transactions can be entered into only with a financial institution willing to take the opposite side, as principal, of the Fund's position unless the institution acts as broker and is able to find another counterparty willing to enter into the transaction with the Fund. Where no such counterparty is available, it will not be possible to enter into a desired transaction. There also may be no liquid secondary market in the trading of OTC contracts, and the Fund could be required to retain options purchased or written, or forward currency exchange contracts, until exercise, expiration or maturity. This in turn could limit the Fund's ability to profit from open positions or to reduce losses experienced, and could result in greater losses. Further, OTC transactions are not subject to the guarantee of an exchange clearinghouse, and the Fund will therefore be subject to the risk of default by, or the bankruptcy of, the financial institution serving as its counterparty. The Fund will enter into an OTC transaction only with parties whose creditworthiness has been reviewed and found to be satisfactory by the Adviser. Transactions in OTC options on foreign currencies are subject to a number of conditions regarding the commercial purpose of the purchaser of such option. The Fund is not able to determine at this time whether or to what extent additional restrictions on the trading of OTC options on foreign currencies may be imposed at some point in the future, or the effect that any such restrictions may have on the hedging strategies to be implemented by them. Options on foreign currencies traded on national securities exchanges are within the jurisdiction of the SEC, as are other securities traded on such exchanges. As a result, many of the protections provided to traders on organized exchanges will be available with respect to such transactions. In particular, all foreign currency option positions entered into on a national securities exchange are cleared and guaranteed by the Options Clearing Corporation ("OCC"), thereby reducing the risk of counterparty default. Further, a liquid secondary market in options traded on a national securities exchange may be more readily available than in the OTC market, potentially permitting the Fund to liquidate open positions at a profit prior to exercise or expiration, or to limit losses in the event of adverse market movements. The purchase and sale of exchange-traded foreign currency options, however, is subject to the risks of the availability of a liquid secondary market described above, as well as the risks regarding adverse market movements, the margining of options written, the nature of the foreign currency market, possible intervention by governmental authorities and the effects of other political and economic events. In addition, exchange-traded options on foreign currencies involve certain risks not presented by the OTC market. For example, exercise and settlement of such options must be made exclusively through the OCC, which has established banking relationships in applicable foreign countries for this purpose. As a result, if the OCC determines that foreign governmental restrictions or taxes would prevent the orderly settlement of foreign currency option exercises, or would result in undue burdens on the OCC or its clearing member, the OCC may impose special procedures on exercise and settlement, such as technical changes in the mechanics of delivery of currency, the fixing of dollar settlement prices or prohibitions on exercise. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fundamental Investment Policies ------------------------------- The following fundamental investment policies may not be changed without approval by the vote of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities, which means the affirmative vote of the holders of (i) 67% or more of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present in person or by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund, whichever is less. As a matter of fundamental policy the Fund may not: (a) concentrate investments in an industry, other than the real estate industry, as concentration may be defined under the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder (as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended from time to time) or by guidance regarding, interpretations of, or exemptive orders under, the 1940 Act or the rules or regulations thereunder published by appropriate regulatory authorities;(1) ------------------- The Fund has not adopted a policy to concentrate investments in any one industry. Although it invests generally in the real estate industry sector, the primary economic characteristics of companies in this sector are materially different. For example, the Fund invests in equity and mortgage REITs, each of which seek different types of investments. Equity REITs invest directly in real estate properties and mortgage REITs make loans to real estate owners and purchase mortgages on real estate. In addition, there are many different types of REITs in which the Fund may invest, including for example, those that invest in shopping malls, industrial and office buildings, apartments, warehouses, lodging and hotels, and health care facilities. REITs may also invest in specific regions, states, or countries. Foreign REITs or other non-U.S. real estate investments may have significantly different characteristics than those in the U.S. (b) issue any senior security (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) or borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder (as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended from time to time) or by guidance regarding, or interpretations of, or exemptive orders under, the 1940 Act or the rules or regulations thereunder published by appropriate regulatory authorities. For purposes of this restriction, margin and collateral arrangements, including, for example, with respect to permitted borrowings, options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts and other derivatives such as swaps are not deemed to involve the issuance of a senior security; (c) make loans except through (i) the purchase of debt obligations in accordance with its investment objective and policies; (ii) the lending of portfolio securities; (iii) the use of repurchase agreements; or (iv) the making of loans to affiliated funds as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder (as such statutes, rules or regulations may be amended from time to time), or by guidance regarding, and interpretations of, or exemptive orders under, the 1940 Act; (d) purchase or sell real estate except that it may dispose of real estate acquired as a result of the ownership of securities or other instruments. This restriction does not prohibit the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate or in securities of companies engaged in the real estate business; (e) purchase or sell commodities regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission under the Commodity Exchange Act or commodities contracts except for futures contracts and options on futures contracts; or (f) act as an underwriter of securities, except that the Fund may acquire restricted securities under circumstances in which, if such securities were sold, the Fund might be deemed to be an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act. As a fundamental policy, the Fund is diversified (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act). This means that at least 75% of the Fund's assets consist of: o Cash or cash items; o Government securities; o Securities of other investment companies; and o Securities of any one issuer that represent not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer of the securities and not more than 5% of the total assets of the Fund. Non-Fundamental Investment Policy --------------------------------- The following is a description of an operating policy that the Fund has adopted but that is not fundamental and is subject to change without shareholder approval. The Fund may not purchase securities on margin, except (i) as otherwise provided under rules adopted by the SEC under the 1940 Act or by guidance regarding the 1940 Act, or interpretations thereof, and (ii) that the Fund may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of portfolio transactions, and the Fund may make margin payments in connection with futures contracts, options, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and other financial instruments. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Adviser ----------- The Adviser, a Delaware limited partnership with principal offices at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105, has been retained under an investment advisory agreement (the "Advisory Agreement") to provide investment advice and, in general, to conduct the management and investment program of the Fund under the supervision of the Board. The Adviser is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The Adviser is a leading global investment management firm supervising client accounts with assets as of September 30, 2014, totaling approximately $473 billion. The Adviser provides management services for many of the largest U.S. public and private employee benefit plans, endowments, foundations, public employee retirement funds, banks, insurance companies and high net worth individuals worldwide. As of September 30, 2014, the direct ownership structure of the Adviser, expressed as a percentage of general and limited partnership interests, was as follows: AXA and its subsidiaries 62.9% AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. 35.7 Unaffiliated holders 1.4 -------------- 100.0% ============== AXA is a societe anonyme organized under the laws of France and the holding company for an international group of insurance and related financial services companies, through certain of its subsidiaries ("AXA and its subsidiaries"). AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. ("Holding") is a Delaware limited partnership, the units of which ("Holding Units") are traded publicly on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "AB". As of September 30, 2014, AXA also owned approximately 1.5% of the issued and outstanding assignments of beneficial ownership of Holding Units. AllianceBernstein Corporation (an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of AXA) is the general partner of both Holding and the Adviser. AllianceBernstein Corporation owns 100,000 general partnership units in Holding and a 1% general partnership interest in the Adviser. Including both the general partnership and limited partnership interests in Holding and the Adviser, AXA and its subsidiaries had an approximate 63.5% economic interest in the Adviser as of September 30, 2014. Advisory Agreement and Expenses ------------------------------- The Adviser serves as investment manager and adviser of the Fund, continuously furnishes an investment program for the Fund, and manages, supervises and conducts the affairs of the Fund, subject to the Board's oversight. Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser provides investment advisory services and order placement facilities for the Fund and pays all compensation of Directors and officers of the Fund who are affiliated persons of the Adviser. The Adviser or an affiliate also furnishes the Fund, without charge, management supervision and assistance and office facilities and provides persons satisfactory to the Board of Directors to act as officers and employees of the Company. The Adviser is, under the Advisory Agreement, responsible for certain expenses incurred by the Fund, including, for example, office facilities and certain administrative services, and any expenses incurred in promoting the sale of shares of the Fund (other than the portion of the promotional expenses borne by the Fund in accordance with the Rule 12b-1 Plan, as defined below, and the costs of printing Fund prospectuses and other reports to shareholders and fees related to registration with the SEC and with state regulatory authorities). The Fund has, under the Advisory Agreement, assumed the obligation for payment of all of its other expenses. As to the obtaining of services other than those specifically provided to the Fund by the Adviser, the Fund may employ its own personnel. For such services, it also may utilize personnel employed by the Adviser or its affiliates and; in such event, the services will be provided to the Fund at cost and the payments therefore must be specifically approved by the Board. The Fund paid to the Adviser, after waiver or reimbursement, a total of $53,620 in respect of such services during the Fund's fiscal year ended October 31, 2014. The Advisory Agreement will continue in effect so long as its continuance is approved annually by a vote of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) or by the Board, including, in either case, approval by a majority of the Directors who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or "interested persons" of any such party as defined in the 1940 Act. Most recently, the Board approved continuance of the Advisory Agreement for the Fund for an additional annual term at meetings held on May 6-8, 2014. Any material amendment to the Advisory Agreement must be approved by the vote of a majority of the outstanding securities of the Fund and by the vote of a majority of the Directors who are not interested persons of the Fund or the Adviser. The Advisory Agreement is terminable without penalty on 60 days' written notice by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, by a vote of a majority of the Directors, or by the Adviser, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. The Advisory Agreement provides that, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Adviser, or of reckless disregard of its obligations thereunder, the Adviser shall not be liable for any action or failure to act in accordance with its duties thereunder. For the services rendered by the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement, the Fund paid the Adviser a fee effective September 7, 2004 of 0.55% of the first $2.5 billion, 0.45% of the excess over $2.5 billion up to $5 billion and 0.40% of the excess over $5 billion as a percentage of the Fund's average daily net assets. The fee is accrued daily and paid monthly. For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2012, October 31, 2013 and October 31, 2014, the Adviser received advisory fees of $3,535,837, $2,918,859, and $2,284,213, respectively, from the Fund. Certain other clients of the Adviser may have investment objectives and policies similar to those of the Fund. The Adviser may, from time to time, make recommendations which result in the purchase or sale of the particular security by its other clients simultaneously with a purchase or sale thereof by the Fund. If transactions on behalf of more than one client during the same period increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, there may be an adverse effect on price. It is the policy of the Adviser to allocate advisory recommendations and the placing of orders in a manner that is deemed equitable by the Adviser to the accounts involved, including the Fund. When two or more of the Adviser's clients (including the Fund) are purchasing or selling the same security on a given day through the same broker or dealer, such transactions may be averaged as to price. ALL FUNDS --------- The Adviser may act as an investment adviser to other persons, firms or corporations, including investment companies, and is the investment adviser to: AB Blended Style Series, Inc., AB Bond Fund, Inc., AB Cap Fund, Inc., AB Core Opportunities Fund, Inc., AB Corporate Shares, AB Discovery Growth Fund, Inc., AB Equity Income Fund, Inc., AB Exchange Reserves, AB Fixed-Income Shares, Inc., AB Global Bond Fund, Inc., AB Global Real Estate Investment Fund, Inc., AB Global Risk Allocation Fund, Inc., AB Global Thematic Growth Fund, Inc., AB Growth and Income Fund, Inc., AB High Income Fund, Inc., AB International Growth Fund, Inc., AB Large Cap Growth Fund, Inc., AB Municipal Income Fund, Inc., AB Municipal Income Fund II, AB Trust, AB Unconstrained Bond Fund, Inc., AB Variable Products Series Fund, Inc., Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc., Sanford C. Bernstein Fund II, Inc., The AB Pooling Portfolios and The AB Portfolios, all open-end investment companies; and to AllianceBernstein Global High Income Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Income Fund, Inc., AllianceBernstein Multi-Manager Alternative Fund, AllianceBernstein National Municipal Income Fund, Inc., Alliance California Municipal Income Fund, Inc. and Alliance New York Municipal Income Fund, Inc., all closed-end investment companies. The registered investment companies for which the Adviser serves as investment adviser are referred to collectively below as the "AB Fund Complex", while all of these investment companies, except the Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc. and the AllianceBernstein Multi-Manager Alternative Fund, are referred to collectively below as the "AB Funds". Board of Directors Information ------------------------------ Certain information concerning the Company's Directors is set forth below. OTHER PUBLIC PORTFOLIOS COMPANY PRINCIPAL IN AB FUND DIRECTORSHIPS OCCUPATION(S) DURING COMPLEX HELD BY DIRECTOR NAME, ADDRESS* AGE AND PAST FIVE YEARS OR OVERSEEN BY IN THE PAST (YEAR FIRST ELECTED**) LONGER DIRECTOR FIVE YEARS ---------------------- -------------------- ----------- ---------------- INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS Marshall C. Turner, Jr., # Private Investor 116 Xilinx, Inc. Chairman of the Board since prior to 2010. (programmable 73 Former CEO of DuPont logic (2005) Photomasks, Inc. semi-conductors) (components of since prior to semi-conductor 2010 and manufacturing), SunEdison, Inc. 2003-2006, and (semi-conductor interim CEO substrates, 1999-2000. He has solar materials extensive operating and solar power and early-stage plants) since investment prior to 2010 experience, including until July 2014 prior service as general partner of three institutional venture capital partnerships, and serves on the boards of three education and science-related non-profit organizations. He has served as a director of one AB fund since 1992, and director or trustee of multiple AB funds since 2005. He has been Chairman of the AB Funds since January 2014, and the Chairman of the Independent Directors Committees of such Funds since February 2014. John H. Dobkin, # Independent 116 None 72 Consultant since (1997) prior to 2010. Formerly, President of Save Venice, Inc. (preservation organization) from 2001-2002, Senior Advisor from June 1999-June 2000 and President of Historic Hudson Valley (historic preservation) from December 1989-May 1999. Previously, Director of the National Academy of Design. He has served as a director or trustee of various AB Funds since 1992 and as Chairman of the Audit Committees of a number of such Funds from 2001-2008. Michael J. Downey, # Private Investor 116 Asia Pacific 71 since prior to 2010. Fund, Inc. (2005) Formerly, managing (registered partner of Lexington investment Capital, LLC company) since (investment advisory prior to 2010 firm) from December and The Merger 1997 until December Fund (registered 2003. He served as a investment Director of Prospect company) since Acquisition Corp. prior to 2010 (financial services) until 2013 from 2007 until 2009. From 1987 until 1993, Chairman and CEO of Prudential Mutual Fund Management, director of the Prudential mutual funds and member of the Executive Committee of Prudential Securities Inc. He has served as a director or trustee of the AB Funds since 2005 and is a director and chairman of one other registered investment company. William H. Foulk, Jr., # Investment Adviser 116 None 82 and an Independent (1997) Consultant since prior to 2010. Previously, he was Senior Manager of Barrett Associates, Inc., a registered investment adviser. He was formerly Deputy Comptroller and Chief Investment Officer of the State of New York and, prior thereto, Chief Investment Officer of the New York Bank for Savings. He has served as a director or trustee of various AB Funds since 1983 and was Chairman of the Independent Directors Committees of the AB Funds from 2003 to early February 2014. He served as Chairman of such Funds from 2003 through December 2013. D. James Guzy, # Chairman of the Board 116 PLX Technology 78 of SRC Computers, (semi- (2005) Inc. (semi- conductors) conductors), with since prior to which he has been 2010 until associated since November 2013, prior to 2010. He Cirrus Logic served as Chairman of Corporation the Board of PLX (semi- Technology conductors) (semi-conductors) since prior to since prior to 2010 2010 until July until November 2013. 2011 He was a director of Intel Corporation (semi-conductors) from 1969 until 2008, and served as Chairman of the Finance Committee of such company for several years until May 2008. He has served as a director or trustee of one or more of the AB Funds since 1982. Nancy P. Jacklin, # Professorial Lecturer 116 None 66 at the Johns Hopkins (2006) School of Advanced International Studies since 2008. Formerly, U.S. Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund (which is responsible for ensuring the stability of the international monetary system), (December 2002-May 2006); Partner, Clifford Chance (1992-2002); Sector Counsel, International Banking and Finance, and Associate General Counsel, Citicorp (1985-1992); Assistant General Counsel (International), Federal Reserve Board of Governors (1982-1985); and Attorney Advisor, U.S. Department of the Treasury (1973-1982). Member of the Bar of the District of Columbia and of New York; and member of the Council on Foreign Relations. She has served as a director or trustee of the AB Funds since 2006 and has been Chairman of the Governance and Nominating Committees of the AB Funds since August 2014. Garry L. Moody, # Independent 116 None 62 Consultant. Formerly, (2008) Partner, Deloitte & Touche LLP (1995-2008) where he held a number of senior positions, including Vice Chairman, and U.S. and Global Investment Management Practice Managing Partner; President, Fidelity Accounting and Custody Services Company (1993-1995); and Partner, Ernst & Young LLP, (1975-1993), where he served as the National Director of Mutual Fund Tax Services and Managing Partner of its Chicago Office Tax department. He is a member of both the Governing Council of the Independent Directors Council (IDC), an organization of independent directors of mutual funds, and the Trustee Advisory Board of BoardIQ, a biweekly publication focused on issues and news affecting directors of mutual funds. He has served as a director or trustee, and as Chairman of the Audit Committees, of the AB Funds since 2008. Earl D. Weiner, # Of Counsel, and 116 None 75 Partner prior to (2007) January 2007, of the law firm Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, and is a former member of the ABA Federal Regulation of Securities Committee Task Force to draft editions of the Fund Director's Guidebook. He has served as a director or trustee of the AB Funds since 2007 and served as Chairman of the Governance and Nominating Committees of the AB Funds from 2007 until August 2014. INTERESTED DIRECTOR Robert M. Keith, + Senior Vice President 116 None 54 of the Adviser++ and (2010) head of AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. ("ABI")++ since July 2008; Director of ABI and President of the AB Mutual Funds. Previously, he served as Executive Managing Director of ABI from December 2006 to June 2008. Prior to joining ABI in 2006, Executive Managing Director of Bernstein Global Wealth Management, and prior thereto, Senior Managing Director and Global Head of Client Service and Sales of the Adviser's institutional investment management business since 2004. Prior thereto, Managing Director and Head of North American Client Service and Sales in the Adviser's institutional investment management business. ------------------- * The address for each of the Fund's Directors is c/o AllianceBernstein L.P., Attention: Philip L. Kirstein, 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105. ** There is no stated term of office for the Company's Directors. # Member of the Audit Committee, the Governance and Nominating Committee and the Independent Directors Committee. + Mr. Keith is an "interested person", as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, of the Trust due to his position as a Senior Vice President of the Adviser. ++ The Adviser and ABI are affiliates of the Fund. The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under the direction of the Board. Directors who are not "interested persons" of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act, are referred to as "Independent Directors", and Directors who are "interested persons" of the Fund are referred to as "Interested Directors". Certain information concerning the Fund's governance structure and each Director is set forth below. Experience, Skills, Attributes, and Qualifications of the Fund's Directors. The Governance and Nominating Committee of the Board, which is composed of Independent Directors, reviews the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills of potential candidates for nomination or election by the Board, and conducts a similar review in connection with the proposed nomination of current Directors for re-election by stockholders at any annual or special meeting of stockholders. In evaluating a candidate for nomination or election as a Director the Governance and Nominating Committee takes into account the contribution that the candidate would be expected to make to the diverse mix of experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that the Governance and Nominating Committee believes contributes to good governance for the Fund. Additional information concerning the Governance and Nominating Committee's consideration of nominees appears in the description of the Committee below. The Board believes that, collectively, the Directors have balanced and diverse experience, qualifications, attributes and skills, which allow the Board to operate effectively in governing the Fund and protecting the interests of stockholders. The Board has concluded that, based on each Director's experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Directors, each Director is qualified and should continue to serve as such. In determining that a particular Director was and continues to be qualified to serve as a Director, the Board has considered a variety of criteria, none of which, in isolation, was controlling. In addition, the Board has taken into account the actual service and commitment of each Director during his or her tenure (including the Director's commitment and participation in Board and committee meetings, as well as his or her current and prior leadership of standing and ad hoc committees) in concluding that each should continue to serve. Additional information about the specific experience, skills, attributes and qualifications of each Director, which in each case led to the Board's conclusion that the Director should serve (or continue to serve) as a trustee or director of the Fund, is provided in the table above and in the next paragraph. Among other attributes and qualifications common to all Directors are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them (including information requested by the Directors), to interact effectively with the Adviser, other service providers, counsel and the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Directors. In addition to his or her service as a Director of the Fund and other AB Funds as noted in the table above: Mr. Dobkin has experience as an executive of a number of organizations and served as Chairman of the Audit Committees of many of the AB Funds from 2001 to 2008; Mr. Downey has experience in the investment advisory business including as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of a large fund complex and as director of a number of non-AB funds and as Chairman of a non-AB closed-end fund; Mr. Foulk has experience in the investment advisory and securities businesses, including as Deputy Comptroller and Chief Investment Officer of the State of New York (where his responsibilities included bond issuances, cash management and oversight of the New York Common Retirement Fund), served as Chairman of the Independent Directors Committees from 2003 until early February 2014, served as Chairman of the AB Funds from 2003 through December 2013, and is active in a number of mutual fund related organizations and committees; Mr. Guzy has experience as a corporate director including as Chairman of a public company and Chairman of the Finance Committee of a large public technology company; Ms. Jacklin has experience as a financial services regulator, as U.S. Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund (which is responsible for ensuring the stability of the international monetary system), as a financial services lawyer in private practice, and as Chairman of the Governance and Nominating Committees of the AB Funds since August 2014; Mr. Keith has experience as an executive of the Adviser with responsibility for, among other things, the AB Funds; Mr. Moody has experience as a certified public accountant including experience as Vice Chairman and U.S. and Global Investment Management Practice Partner for a major accounting firm, is a member of both the governing council of an organization of independent directors of mutual funds, and the Trustee Advisory Board of BoardIQ, a biweekly publication focused on issues and news affecting directors of mutual funds, and has served as a director or trustee and Chairman of the Audit Committees of the AB Funds since 2008; Mr. Turner has experience as a director (including Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of a number of companies) and as a venture capital investor including prior service as general partner of three institutional venture capital partnerships, and has served as Chairman of the AB Funds since January 2014 and the Chairman of the Independent Directors Committees of such Funds since February; and Mr. Weiner has experience as a securities lawyer whose practice includes registered investment companies and as director or trustee of various non-profit organizations and Chairman of a number of them, and served as Chairman of the Governance and Nominating Committee of the AB Funds from 2007 until August 2014. The disclosure herein of a director's experience, qualifications, attributes and skills does not impose on such director any duties, obligations, or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations and liability imposed on such director as a member of the Board and any committee thereof in the absence of such experience, qualifications, attributes and skills. Board Structure and Oversight Function. The Board is responsible for oversight of the Fund. The Fund has engaged the Adviser to manage the Fund on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and the Fund's other service providers in the operations of the Fund in accordance with the Fund's investment objective and policies and otherwise in accordance with its prospectus, the requirements of the 1940 Act and other applicable Federal, state and other securities and other laws, and the Fund's charter and bylaws. The Board typically meets in-person at regularly scheduled meetings eight times throughout the year. In addition, the Directors may meet in-person or by telephone at special meetings or on an informal basis at other times. The Independent Directors also regularly meet without the presence of any representatives of management. As described below, the Board has established three standing committees - the Audit, Governance and Nominating and Independent Directors Committees - and may establish ad hoc committees or working groups from time to time, to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. Each committee is composed exclusively of Independent Directors. The responsibilities of each committee, including its oversight responsibilities, are described further below. The Independent Directors have also engaged independent legal counsel, and may from time to time engage consultants and other advisors, to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities. An Independent Director serves as Chairman of the Board. The Chairman's duties include setting the agenda for each Board meeting in consultation with management, presiding at each Board meeting, meeting with management between Board meetings, and facilitating communication and coordination between the Independent Directors and management. The Directors have determined that the Board's leadership by an Independent Director and its committees composed exclusively of Independent Directors is appropriate because they believe it sets the proper tone to the relationships between the Fund, on the one hand, and the Adviser and other service providers, on the other, and facilitates the exercise of the Board's independent judgment in evaluating and managing the relationships. In addition, the Fund is required to have an Independent Director as Chairman pursuant to certain 2003 regulatory settlements involving the Adviser. Risk Oversight. The Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance and operational risks. Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Fund resides with the Adviser or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to supervision by the Adviser. The Board has charged the Adviser and its affiliates with (i) identifying events or circumstances the occurrence of which could have demonstrable and material adverse effects on the Fund; (ii) to the extent appropriate, reasonable or practicable, implementing processes and controls reasonably designed to lessen the possibility that such events or circumstances occur or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur; and (iii) creating and maintaining a system designed to evaluate continuously, and to revise as appropriate, the processes and controls described in (i) and (ii) above. Risk oversight forms part of the Board's general oversight of the Fund's investment program and operations and is addressed as part of various regular Board and committee activities. The Fund's investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through the Adviser and other service providers. Each of these persons has an independent interest in risk management but the policies and the methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out may differ from the Fund's and each other's in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. Oversight of risk management is provided by the Board and the Audit Committee. The Directors regularly receive reports from, among others, management (including the Global Heads of Investment Risk and Trading Risk of the Adviser), the Fund's Senior Officer (who is also the Fund's Independent Compliance Officer), its Chief Compliance Officer, its independent registered public accounting firm, counsel, and internal auditors for the Adviser, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by the Fund and the Adviser's risk management programs. Not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified, nor can controls be developed to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. It may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, the processes and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness, and some risks are simply beyond the reasonable control of the Fund or the Adviser, its affiliates or other service providers. Moreover, it is necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund's goals. As a result of the foregoing and other factors the Fund's ability to manage risk is subject to substantial limitations. Board Committees. The Board has three standing committees -- an Audit Committee, a Governance and Nominating Committee and an Independent Directors Committee. The members of the Audit, Governance and Nominating and Independent Directors Committees are identified above. The function of the Audit Committee is to assist the Board in its oversight of the Fund's financial reporting process. The Audit Committee met three times during the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year. The function of the Governance and Nominating Committee includes the nomination of persons to fill any vacancies or newly created positions on the Board. The Governance and Nominating Committee met three times during the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year. The Board has adopted a charter for its Governance and Nominating Committee. Pursuant to the charter, the Committee assists the Board in carrying out its responsibilities with respect to governance of the Fund and identifies, evaluates, selects and nominates candidates for the Board. The Committee may also set standards or qualifications for Directors and reviews at least annually the performance of each Director, taking into account factors such as attendance at meetings, adherence to Board policies, preparation for and participation at meetings, commitment and contribution to the overall work of the Board and its committees, and whether there are health or other reasons that might affect the Director's ability to perform his or her duties. The Committee may consider candidates as Directors submitted by the Fund's current Board members, officers, the Adviser, stockholders and other appropriate sources. Pursuant to the charter, the Governance and Nominating Committee will consider candidates for nomination as a director submitted by a shareholder or group of shareholders who have beneficially owned at least 5% of the Fund's common stock or shares of beneficial interest for at least two years prior to the time of submission and who timely provide specified information about the candidates and the nominating shareholder or group. To be timely for consideration by the Governance and Nominating Committee, the submission, including all required information, must be submitted in writing to the attention of the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Company not less than 120 days before the date of the proxy statement for the previous year's annual meeting of shareholders. If the Company did not hold an annual meeting of shareholders in the previous year, the submission must be delivered or mailed and received within a reasonable amount of time before the Fund begins to print and mail its proxy materials. Public notice of such upcoming annual meeting of shareholders may be given in a shareholder report or other mailing to shareholders or by other means deemed by the Governance and Nominating Committee or the Board to be reasonably calculated to inform shareholders. Shareholders submitting a candidate for consideration by the Governance and Nominating Committee must provide the following information to the Governance and Nominating Committee: (i) a statement in writing setting forth (A) the name, date of birth, business address and residence address of the candidate; (B) any position or business relationship of the candidate, currently or within the preceding five years, with the shareholder or an associated person of the shareholder as defined below; (C) the class or series and number of all shares of the Fund owned of record or beneficially by the candidate; (D) any other information regarding the candidate that is required to be disclosed about a nominee in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies for election of Directors pursuant to Section 20 of the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; (E) whether the shareholder believes that the candidate is or will be an "interested person" of the Company (as defined in the 1940 Act) and, if believed not to be an "interested person", information regarding the candidate that will be sufficient for the Company to make such determination; and (F) information as to the candidate's knowledge of the investment company industry, experience as a director or senior officer of public companies, directorships on the boards of other registered investment companies and educational background; (ii) the written and signed consent of the candidate to be named as a nominee and to serve as a Director if elected; (iii) the written and signed agreement of the candidate to complete a directors' and officers' questionnaire if elected; (iv) the shareholder's consent to be named as such by the Company; (v) the class or series and number of all shares of each Fund of the Company owned beneficially and of record by the shareholder and any associated person of the shareholder and the dates on which such shares were acquired, specifying the number of shares owned beneficially but not of record by each, and stating the names of each as they appear on the Company's record books and the names of any nominee holders for each; and (vi) a description of all arrangements or understandings between the shareholder, the candidate and/or any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the recommendation is being made by the shareholder. "Associated person of the shareholder" means any person who is required to be identified under clause (vi) of this paragraph and any other person controlling, controlled by or under common control with, directly or indirectly, (a) the shareholder or (b) the associated person of the shareholder. The Governance and Nominating Committee may require the shareholder to furnish such other information as it may reasonably require or deem necessary to verify any information furnished pursuant to the nominating procedures described above or to determine the qualifications and eligibility of the candidate proposed by the shareholder to serve on the Board. If the shareholder fails to provide such other information in writing within seven days of receipt of written request from the Governance and Nominating Committee, the recommendation of such candidate as a nominee will be deemed not properly submitted for consideration, and will not be considered, by the Committee. The Governance and Nominating Committee will consider only one candidate submitted by such a shareholder or group for nomination for election at an annual meeting of shareholders. The Governance and Nominating Committee will not consider self-nominated candidates. The Governance and Nominating Committee will consider and evaluate candidates submitted by shareholders on the basis of the same criteria as those used to consider and evaluate candidates submitted from other sources. These criteria include the candidate's relevant knowledge, experience, and expertise, the candidate's ability to carry out his or her duties in the best interests of the Company, and the candidate's ability to qualify as an Independent Director or Director. When assessing a candidate for nomination, the Committee considers whether the individual's background, skills, and experience will complement the background, skills, and experience of other nominees and will contribute to the diversity of the Board. The function of the Independent Directors Committee is to consider and take action on matters that the Board or Committee believes should be addressed in executive session of the Independent Directors, such as review and approval of the Advisory and Distribution Services Agreements. The Independent Directors Committee met eight times during the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year. The dollar range of the Fund's securities owned by each Director and the aggregate dollar range of securities of all funds in the AB Fund Complex owned by each Director are set forth below. DOLLAR RANGE AGGREGATE DOLLAR OF EQUITY RANGE OF EQUITY SECURITIES IN SECURITIES IN THE AB THE FUND AS OF FUND COMPLEX AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2014 DECEMBER 31, 2014 ----------------- ------------------- John H. Dobkin None Over $100,000 Michael J. Downey None Over $100,000 William H. Foulk, Jr. None Over $100,000 D. James Guzy None Over $100,000 Nancy P. Jacklin None Over $100,000 Robert M. Keith None None Garry L. Moody None Over $100,000 Marshall C. Turner, Jr. None Over $100,000 Earl D. Weiner None Over $100,000 Officer Information ------------------- Certain information concerning the Company's officers is set forth below. PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION POSITION(S) HELD DURING PAST 5 YEARS NAME, ADDRESS,* AND AGE WITH THE FUND OR LONGER ----------------------- ---------------- -------------------- Robert M. Keith, President and Chief See biography above. 54 Executive Officer Philip L. Kirstein, Senior Vice President Senior Vice President and 69 and Independent Independent Compliance Compliance Officer Officer of the Funds in the AB Fund Complex, with which he has been associated since October 2004. Prior thereto, he was Of Counsel to Kirkpatrick & Lockhart, LLP from October 2003 to October 2004, and General Counsel of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, L.P. since prior to March 2003. Eric J. Franco, Senior Vice President Senior Vice President of 54 the Adviser,** with which he has been associated since prior to 2010. Emilie D. Wrapp, Secretary/Clerk Senior Vice President, 59 Assistant General Counsel and Assistant Secretary of ABI,** with which she has been associated since prior to 2010. Joseph J. Mantineo, Treasurer and Chief Senior Vice President of 55 Financial Officer ABIS,** with which he has been associated since prior to 2010. Phyllis J. Clarke, Controller and Chief Vice President of ABIS,** 54 Accounting Officer with which she has been associated since prior to 2010. Vincent S. Noto, Chief Compliance Vice President and Mutual 50 Officer Fund Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser** since 2014. Prior thereto, he was Vice President and Director of Mutual Fund Compliance of the Adviser** since prior to 2010. ------------------- * The address for each of the Company's officers is 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105. ** The Adviser, ABI, and ABIS are affiliates of the Company. The Company does not pay any fees to, or reimburse expenses of, its Directors who are considered "interested persons" of the Company. The aggregate compensation paid by the Fund to each of the Directors during its fiscal year ended October 31, 2014, the aggregate compensation paid to each of the Directors during calendar year 2014 by the AB Fund Complex and the total number of registered investment companies (and separate investment portfolios within those companies) in the AB Fund Complex with respect to which each of the Directors serves as a director or trustee, are set forth below. Neither the Fund nor any other fund in the AB Fund Complex provides compensation in the form of pension or retirement benefits to any of its directors or trustees. Each of the Directors is a director or trustee of one or more other registered investment companies in the AB Fund Complex. [Enlarge/Download Table] Total Number Total Number of Investment of Investment Companies Portfolios within in the AB Fund the AB Fund Complex, Including Complex, Including Total Compensation the Fund, as to the Fund, as to Aggregate from the AB Fund which the Director which the Director Compensation Complex, Including is a Director is a Director Name of Director from the Company the Company or Trustee or Trustee ---------------- ---------------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ John H. Dobkin $6,551 $262,000 31 116 Michael J. Downey $6,551 $262,000 31 116 William H. Foulk, Jr. $7,957 $262,000 31 116 D. James Guzy $6,551 $262,000 31 116 Nancy P. Jacklin $6,626 $269,500 31 116 Robert M. Keith $0 $0 31 116 Garry L. Moody $7,425 $297,000 31 116 Marshall C. Turner, Jr. $8,988 $457,000 31 116 Earl D. Weiner $6,927 $272,500 31 116 As of January 8, 2015, the Directors and officers of the Company as a group owned less than 1% of the shares of the Fund. Additional Information About the Fund's Portfolio Managers ---------------------------------------------------------- The management of, and investment decisions for, the Fund's portfolio are made by the Global REIT Senior Investment Management Team. Mr. Eric Franco is the investment professional(2) primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund's portfolio. For additional information about the portfolio management of the Fund, see "Management of the Fund - Portfolio Managers" in the Fund's Prospectus. ------------------ (2) Investment professionals at the Adviser include portfolio managers and research analysts. Investment professionals are part of investment groups (or teams) that service individual fund portfolios. The number of investment professionals assigned to a particular fund will vary from fund to fund. The dollar range of the Fund's equity securities owned directly or beneficially by the Fund's portfolio manager is set forth below: DOLLAR RANGE OF EQUITY SECURITIES IN THE FUND ---------------------- As of October 31, 2014 Eric J. Franco None As of October 31, 2014, employees of the Adviser had approximately $1,639,642.72 invested in shares of the Fund and approximately $82,858,485.57 invested in shares of all AB Mutual Funds (excluding AB money market funds) through their interests in certain deferred compensation plans, including the Partners Compensation Plan, including both vested and unvested amounts. The following tables provide information regarding registered investment companies other than the Fund, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts over which the Portfolio Manager also has day-to-day management responsibilities. The tables provide the numbers of such accounts, the total assets in such accounts and the number of accounts and total assets whose fees are based on performance. The information is provided as of the Fund's fiscal year ended October 31, 2014. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- REGISTERED INVESTMENT COMPANIES (excluding the Fund) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Total Assets Total Number Registered of Registered of Total Assets Investment Investment Registered of Registered Companies Companies Investment Investment Managed with Managed with Companies Companies Performance- Performance- Portfolio Manager Managed Managed based Fees based Fees ----------------- ------------ -------------- ------------ -------------- Eric J. Franco 25 $860,000,000 None None ----------------- ------------ -------------- ------------ -------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OTHER POOLED INVESTMENT VEHICLES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Total Assets of Total Number Other Pooled Other Pooled of Other Investment Investment Pooled Total Assets of Vehicles Vehicles Investment Other Pooled Managed with Managed with Vehicles Investment Performance- Performance- Portfolio Manager Managed Vehicles Managed based Fees based Fees ----------------- ------------ ---------------- ------------- --------------- Eric J. Franco 44 $569,000,000 None None ----------------- ------------ ---------------- ------------- --------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OTHER ACCOUNTS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Other Total Assets of Total Number Total Assets Accounts Other Accounts of Other of Other Managed with Managed with Accounts Accounts Performance Performance- Portfolio Manager Managed Managed based Fees based Fees ----------------- -------------- ------------- -------------- --------------- Eric J. Franco 11 $627,000,000 None None ----------------- -------------- ------------- -------------- --------------- Investment Professional Conflict of Interest Disclosure ------------------------------------------------------- As an investment adviser and fiduciary, the Adviser owes its clients and shareholders an undivided duty of loyalty. The Adviser recognizes that conflicts of interest are inherent in its business and accordingly has developed policies and procedures (including oversight monitoring) reasonably designed to detect, manage and mitigate the effects of actual or potential conflicts of interest in the area of employee personal trading, managing multiple accounts for multiple clients, including AB Mutual Funds, and allocating investment opportunities. Investment professionals, including portfolio managers and research analysts, are subject to the above-mentioned policies and oversight monitoring to ensure that all clients are treated equitably. The Adviser places the interests of its clients first and expects all of its employees to meet their fiduciary duties. Employee Personal Trading. The Adviser has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that is designed to detect and prevent conflicts of interest when investment professionals and other personnel of the Adviser own, buy or sell securities which may be owned by, or bought or sold for, clients. Personal securities transactions by an employee may raise a potential conflict of interest when an employee owns or trades in a security that is owned or considered for purchase or sale by a client, or recommended for purchase or sale by an employee to a client. Subject to the reporting requirements and other limitations of its Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, the Adviser permits its employees to engage in personal securities transactions, and also allows them to acquire investments in certain Funds managed by the Adviser. The Adviser's Code of Business Conduct and Ethics requires disclosure of all personal accounts and maintenance of brokerage accounts with designated broker-dealers approved by the Adviser. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics also requires preclearance of all securities transactions (except transactions in U.S. Treasuries and open-end mutual funds) and imposes a 60-day holding period for securities purchased by employees to discourage short-term trading. Managing Multiple Accounts for Multiple Clients. The Adviser has compliance policies and oversight monitoring in place to address conflicts of interest relating to the management of multiple accounts for multiple clients. Conflicts of interest may arise when an investment professional has responsibilities for the investments of more than one account because the investment professional may be unable to devote equal time and attention to each account. The investment professional or investment professional teams for each client may have responsibilities for managing all or a portion of the investments of multiple accounts with a common investment strategy, including other registered investment companies, unregistered investment vehicles, such as hedge funds, pension plans, separate accounts, collective trusts and charitable foundations. Among other things, the Adviser's policies and procedures provide for the prompt dissemination to investment professionals of initial or changed investment recommendations by analysts so that investment professionals are better able to develop investment strategies for all accounts they manage. In addition, investment decisions by investment professionals are reviewed for the purpose of maintaining uniformity among similar accounts and ensuring that accounts are treated equitably. Investment professional compensation reflects a broad contribution in multiple dimensions to long-term investment success for clients of the Adviser and is generally not tied specifically to the performance of any particular client's account, nor is it generally tied directly to the level or change in level of assets under management. Allocating Investment Opportunities. The investment professionals at the Adviser routinely are required to select and allocate investment opportunities among accounts. The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures intended to address conflicts of interest relating to the allocation of investment opportunities. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that information relevant to investment decisions is disseminated promptly within its portfolio management teams and investment opportunities are allocated equitably among different clients. The policies and procedures require, among other things, objective allocation for limited investment opportunities (e.g., on a rotational basis), and documentation and review of justifications for any decisions to make investments only for select accounts or in a manner disproportionate to the size of the account. Portfolio holdings, position sizes, and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar accounts, which minimizes the potential for conflicts of interest relating to the allocation of investment opportunities. Nevertheless, access to portfolio funds or other investment opportunities may be allocated differently among accounts due to the particular characteristics of an account, such as size of the account, cash position, tax status, risk tolerance and investment restrictions or for other reasons. The Adviser's procedures are also designed to address potential conflicts of interest that may arise when the Adviser has a particular financial incentive, such as a performance-based management fee, relating to an account. An investment professional may perceive that he or she has an incentive to devote more time to developing and analyzing investment strategies and opportunities or allocating securities preferentially to accounts for which the Adviser could share in investment gains. Portfolio Manager Compensation ------------------------------ The Adviser's compensation program for portfolio managers is designed to align with clients' interests, emphasizing each portfolio manager's ability to generate long-term investment success for the Adviser's clients, including the Fund. The Adviser also strives to ensure that compensation is competitive and effective in attracting and retaining the highest caliber employees. Portfolio managers receive a base salary, incentive compensation and contributions to AllianceBernstein's 401(k) plan. Part of the annual incentive compensation is generally paid in the form of a cash bonus, and part through an award under the firm's Incentive Compensation Award Plan (ICAP). The ICAP awards vest over a four-year period. Deferred awards are paid in the form of restricted grants of the firm's Master Limited Partnership Units, and award recipients have the ability to receive a portion of their awards in deferred cash. The amount of contributions to the 401(k) plan is determined at the sole discretion of the Adviser. On an annual basis, the Adviser endeavors to combine all of the foregoing elements into a total compensation package that considers industry compensation trends and is designed to retain its best talent. The incentive portion of total compensation is determined by quantitative and qualitative factors. Quantitative factors, which are weighted more heavily, are driven by investment performance. Qualitative factors are driven by contributions to the investment process and client success. The quantitative component includes measures of absolute, relative and risk-adjusted investment performance. Relative and risk-adjusted returns are determined based on the benchmark in the Fund's prospectus and versus peers over one-, three- and five-year calendar periods, with more weight given to longer-time periods. Peer groups are chosen by Chief Investment Officers, who consult with the product management team to identify products most similar to our investment style and most relevant within the asset class. Portfolio managers of the Fund do not receive any direct compensation based upon the investment returns of any individual client account, and compensation is not tied directly to the level or change in level of assets under management. Among the qualitative components considered, the most important include thought leadership, collaboration with other investment colleagues, contributions to risk-adjusted returns of other portfolios in the firm, efforts in mentoring and building a strong talent pool and being a good corporate citizen. Other factors can play a role in determining portfolio managers' compensation, such as the complexity of investment strategies managed, volume of assets managed and experience. The Adviser emphasizes four behavioral competencies--relentlessness, ingenuity, team orientation and accountability--that support its mission to be the most trusted advisor to its clients. Assessments of investment professionals are formalized in a year-end review process that includes 360-degree feedback from other professionals from across the investment teams and the Adviser. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXPENSES OF THE FUND -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Distribution Services Agreement ------------------------------- The Company has entered into a Distribution Services Agreement (the "Agreement") with ABI, the Fund's principal underwriter, to permit ABI to distribute the Fund's shares. The Agreement became effective on November 14, 1997. The Agreement continues in effect so long as its continuance is specifically approved annually by the Directors or by vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of that class, and, in either case, by a majority of the Directors who are not parties to the Agreement or interested persons, as defined in the 1940 Act, of any such party (other than as directors of the Company). The Agreement was approved for an additional annual term by a vote, cast in person, of the Directors, including a majority of the Directors who are not "interested persons", as defined in the 1940 Act, at their meetings held on April 30-May 2, 2013. The Adviser may from time to time and from its own funds or such other resources as may be permitted by rules of the SEC make payments for distribution services to ABI; the latter may, in turn, pay part or all of such compensation to brokers or other persons for their distribution assistance. Transfer Agency Agreement ------------------------- ABIS, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Adviser, located principally at 8000 IH 10 W, 4th Floor, San Antonio, Texas 78230, acts as the Fund's registrar, transfer agent and dividend-disbursing agent for a fee based upon the number of account holders of the Fund. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2014, the Fund paid ABIS $18,000 pursuant to the Transfer Agency Agreement. ABIS acts as the transfer agent for the Fund. ABIS, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Adviser, registers the transfer, issuance and redemption of Fund shares and disburses dividends and other distributions to Fund shareholders. Many Fund shares are owned by selected dealers or selected agents, financial intermediaries or other financial representatives ("financial intermediaries") for the benefit of their customers. In those cases, the Fund often does not maintain an account for a customer. Thus, some or all of the transfer agency functions for these accounts are performed by the financial intermediaries. The Fund, ABI and/or the Adviser pay to these financial intermediaries, including those that sell shares of the AB Mutual Funds, fees for sub-accounting or shareholder servicing in amounts ranging up to $19 per customer fund account per annum. Retirement plans may also hold Fund shares in the name of the plan, rather than the participant. Plan recordkeepers, who may have affiliated financial intermediaries who sell shares of the Fund, may be paid for each plan participant fund account in amounts up to $19 per account per annum and/or up to 0.25% per annum of the average daily assets held in the plan. To the extent any of these payments for recordkeeping services, transfer agency services or retirement plan accounts are made by the Fund, they are included in your Prospectus in the Fund expense tables under "Fees and Expenses of the Fund". In addition, financial intermediaries may be affiliates of entities that receive compensation from the Adviser or ABI for maintaining retirement plan "platforms" that facilitate trading by affiliated and non-affiliated financial intermediaries and recordkeeping for retirement plans. Because financial intermediaries and plan recordkeepers may be paid varying amounts per class for sub-accounting or shareholder servicing, the service requirements of which may also vary by class, this may create an additional incentive for financial intermediaries and their financial advisors to favor one fund complex over another or one class of shares over another. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PURCHASE OF SHARES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The following information supplements that set forth in the Prospectus under the heading "Investing in the Fund". Class I shares of the Fund may be purchased and held solely (i) through accounts established under a fee-based program sponsored and maintained by a registered broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and approved by ABI, (ii) through employee benefit plans, including defined contribution and defined benefit plans that have at least $10 million in assets ("Employee Plans"), (iii) by investment advisory clients of the Adviser or its affiliates, (iv) by (a) officers and present or former Directors of the Company, (b) present or former directors and trustees of other investment companies managed by the Adviser, (c) present or retired full-time employees of the Adviser, ABI, ABIS, Inc. and their affiliates, (d) officers and directors of AB Corp., ABI, ABIS and their affiliates, (e) (1) the spouse or domestic partner, sibling, direct ancestor or direct descendant (collectively "relatives") of any person listed in (a) through (d), (2) any trust, individual retirement account or retirement plan account for the benefit of any person listed in (a) through (d) or a relative of such person, or (3) the estate of any person listed in (a) through (d) or a relative of such person, if such shares are purchased for investment purposes (such shares may not be resold except to the Fund), (v) by (a) the Adviser, ABI, ABIS and their affiliates or (b) certain employee benefit plans for employees of the Adviser, ABI, ABIS and their affiliates, (vi) through registered investment advisers or other financial intermediaries who charge a management, consulting or other fee for their service and who purchase shares through a broker or agent approved by ABI, and clients of such registered investment advisers or financial intermediaries whose accounts are linked to the master account of such investment adviser or financial intermediary on the books of such approved broker or agent, and (vii) through registered investment advisers (a "Bernstein Advisor") at the Bernstein Investment Management and Research Unit of the Adviser. The shares of the Fund are offered on a continuous basis at a price equal to their NAV. The minimum initial investment in the Company is $2,000,000, which may be invested in any one or more of the Funds. Investments made through fee-based or "wrap fee" programs will satisfy the minimum initial investment requirement if the fee-based or "wrap fee" program, as a whole, invests at least $2,000,000 in one or more of the Funds. For any shares of the Fund bought through a Bernstein Advisor, the minimum initial investment is $10,000, with no minimum for subsequent investments. There is no minimum for subsequent investments. The minimum initial investment may be waived in the discretion of the Company. Investors may purchase shares of the Fund through their financial intermediaries. A transaction, service, administrative or other similar fee may be charged by your financial intermediary with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares made through such financial intermediary. Such financial intermediary may also impose requirements with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares that are different from, or in addition to, those imposed by the Fund, as described in the Prospectus and this SAI, including requirements as to classes of shares available through that financial intermediary and the minimum initial and subsequent investment amounts. The Fund is not responsible for, and has no control over, the decision of any financial intermediary to impose such differing requirements. In order to open your account, the Fund or your financial intermediary is required to obtain certain information from you for identification purposes. This information may include name, date of birth, permanent residential address and social security/taxpayer identification number. It will not be possible to establish your account without this information. If the Fund or your financial intermediary is unable to verify the information provided, your account may be closed and other appropriate action may be taken as permitted by law. Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Fund Shares ------------------------------------------------- The Board has adopted policies and procedures designed to detect and deter frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares or excessive or short-term trading that may disadvantage long-term Fund shareholders. These policies are described below. There is no guarantee that the Fund will be able to detect excessive or short-term trading or to identify shareholders engaged in such practices, particularly with respect to transactions in omnibus accounts. Shareholders should be aware that application of these policies may have adverse consequences, as described below, and should avoid frequent trading in Fund shares through purchases, sales and exchanges of shares. Each Fund reserves the right to restrict, reject or cancel, without any prior notice, any purchase or exchange order for any reason, including any purchase or exchange order accepted by any shareholder's financial intermediary. Risks Associated With Excessive Or Short-Term Trading Generally. While the Fund will try to prevent market timing by utilizing the procedures described below, these procedures may not be successful in identifying or stopping excessive or short-term trading in all circumstances. By realizing profits through short-term trading, shareholders that engage in rapid purchases and sales or exchanges of a Fund's shares dilute the value of shares held by long-term shareholders. Volatility resulting from excessive purchases and sales or exchanges of Fund shares, especially involving large dollar amounts, may disrupt efficient portfolio management and cause a Fund to sell shares at inopportune times to raise cash to accommodate redemptions relating to short-term trading activity. In particular, a Fund may have difficulty implementing its long-term investment strategies if it is forced to maintain a higher level of its assets in cash to accommodate significant short-term trading activity. In addition, a Fund may incur increased administrative and other expenses due to excessive or short-term trading, including increased brokerage costs and realization of taxable capital gains. Funds that may invest significantly in securities of foreign issuers may be particularly susceptible to short-term trading strategies. This is because foreign securities are typically traded on markets that close well before the time the Fund ordinarily calculates its NAV at 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, which gives rise to the possibility that developments may have occurred in the interim that would affect the value of these securities. The time zone differences among international stock markets can allow a shareholder engaging in a short-term trading strategy to exploit differences in Fund share prices that are based on closing prices of securities of foreign issuers established some time before the Fund calculates its own share price (referred to as "time zone arbitrage"). The Fund has procedures, referred to as fair value pricing, designed to adjust closing market prices of securities of foreign issuers to reflect what is believed to be the fair value of those securities at the time the Fund calculates its NAV. While there is no assurance, the Fund expects that the use of fair value pricing, in addition to the short-term trading policies discussed below, will significantly reduce a shareholder's ability to engage in time zone arbitrage to the detriment of other Fund shareholders. A shareholder engaging in a short-term trading strategy may also target the Fund irrespective of its investments in securities of foreign issuers. Any Fund that invests in securities that are, among other things, thinly traded, traded infrequently or relatively illiquid has the risk that the current market price for the securities may not accurately reflect current market values. A shareholder may seek to engage in short-term trading to take advantage of these pricing differences (referred to as "price arbitrage"). All Funds may be adversely affected by price arbitrage. Policy Regarding Short-Term Trading. Purchases and exchanges of shares of the Fund should be made for investment purposes only. The Fund seeks to prevent patterns of excessive purchases and sales of Fund shares to the extent they are detected by the procedures described below. The Fund reserves the right to modify this policy, including any surveillance or account blocking procedures established from time to time to effectuate this policy, at any time without notice. o Transaction Surveillance Procedures. The Fund, through its agents, ABI and ABIS, maintains surveillance procedures to detect excessive or short-term trading in Fund shares. This surveillance process involves several factors, which include scrutinizing transactions in Fund shares that exceed certain monetary thresholds or numerical limits within a specified period of time. Generally, more than two exchanges of Fund shares during any 60-day period or purchases of shares followed by a sale within 60 days will be identified by these surveillance procedures. For purposes of these transaction surveillance procedures, the Fund may consider trading activity in multiple accounts under common ownership, control or influence. Trading activity identified by either, or a combination, of these factors, or as a result of any other information available at the time, will be evaluated to determine whether such activity might constitute excessive or short-term trading. With respect to managed or discretionary accounts for which the account owner gives his/her broker, investment adviser or other this party authority to buy and sell Fund shares, the Fund may consider trades initiated by the account owner, such as trades initiated in connection with bona fide cash management purposes, separately in its analysis. These surveillance procedures may be modified from time to time, as necessary or appropriate to improve the detection of excessive or short-term trading or to address specific circumstances. o Account Blocking Procedures. If the Fund determines, in its sole discretion, that a particular transaction or pattern of transactions identified by the transaction surveillance procedures described above is excessive or short-term trading in nature, the Fund will take remedial action that may include issuing a warning, revoking certain account-related privileges (such as the ability to place purchase, sale and exchange orders over the internet or by phone) or prohibiting or "blocking" future purchase or exchange activity. However, sales of Fund shares back to the Fund or redemptions will continue to be permitted in accordance with the terms of the Fund's current Prospectus. As a result, unless the shareholder redeems his or her shares, which may have consequences if the shares have declined in value, a CDSC is applicable or adverse tax consequences may result, the shareholder may be "locked" into an unsuitable investment. A blocked account will generally remain blocked for 90 days. Subsequent detections of excessive or short-term trading may result in an indefinite account block or an account block until the account holder or the associated broker, dealer or other financial intermediary provides evidence or assurance acceptable to the Fund that the account holder did not or will not in the future engage in excessive or short-term trading. o Applications of Surveillance Procedures and Restrictions to Omnibus Accounts. Omnibus account arrangements are common forms of holding shares of the Fund, particularly among certain brokers, dealers and other financial intermediaries, including sponsors of retirement plans and variable insurance products. The Fund applies its surveillance procedures to these omnibus account arrangements. As required by SEC rules, the Fund has entered into agreements with all of its financial intermediaries that require the financial intermediaries to provide the Fund, upon the request of the Fund or their agents, with individual account level information about their transactions. If the Fund detects excessive trading through their monitoring of omnibus accounts, including trading at the individual account level, the financial intermediaries will also execute instructions from the Fund to take actions to curtail the activity, which may include applying blocks to accounts to prohibit future purchases and exchanges of Fund shares. For certain retirement plan accounts, the Fund may request that the retirement plan or other intermediary revoke the relevant participant's privilege to effect transactions in Fund shares via the internet or telephone, in which case the relevant participant must submit future transaction orders via the U.S. Postal Service (i.e., regular mail). Purchase of Shares ------------------ The Fund reserves the right to suspend the sale of its shares to the public in response to conditions in the securities markets or for other reasons. If the Fund suspends the sale of its shares, shareholders will not be able to acquire its shares, including through an exchange. The public offering price of shares of the Fund is their NAV. On each Fund business day on which a purchase or redemption order is received by the Fund and trading in the types of securities in which the Fund invests might materially affect the value of Fund shares, the NAV is computed as of the Fund Closing Time, which is the close of regular trading on any day the Exchange is open (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, but sometimes earlier in the case of scheduled half-day trading or unscheduled suspensions of trading) by dividing the value of the Fund's total assets, less its liabilities, by the total number of its shares then outstanding. A Fund business day is any day on which the Exchange is open for trading. The Fund will accept unconditional orders for its shares to be executed at the public offering price equal to their NAV next determined as described below. Orders received by ABI prior to the Fund Closing Time are priced at the NAV computed as of the Fund Closing Time. In the case of orders for the purchase of shares placed through financial intermediaries, the applicable public offering price will be the NAV as so determined, but only if the financial intermediary receives the order prior to the Fund Closing Time. The financial intermediary is responsible for transmitting such orders by a prescribed time to the Fund or its transfer agent. If the financial intermediary fails to do so, the investor will not receive that day's NAV. If the financial intermediary receives the order after the Fund Closing Time, the price received by the investor will be based on the NAV determined as of the Fund Closing Time on the next business day. Following the initial purchase of Fund shares, a shareholder may place orders to purchase additional shares by telephone if the shareholder has completed the appropriate portion of the Mutual Fund Application or an "Autobuy" application, both of which may be obtained by calling the "For Literature" telephone number shown on the cover of this SAI. Except with respect to certain omnibus accounts, telephone purchase orders with payment by electronic funds transfer may not exceed $500,000. Payment for shares purchased by telephone can be made only by electronic funds transfer from a bank account maintained by the shareholder at a bank that is a member of the National Automated Clearing House Association ("NACHA"). Telephone purchase requests must be received before the Fund Closing Time on a Fund business day to receive that day's public offering price. Telephone purchase requests received after the Fund Closing Time are automatically placed the following Fund business day, and the applicable public offering price will be the public offering price determined as of the Fund Closing Time on such following business day. Full and fractional shares are credited to a shareholder's account in the amount purchased by the shareholder. As a convenience, and to avoid unnecessary expense to the Fund, the Fund will not issue share certificates representing shares of the Fund. Ownership of the Fund's shares will be shown on the books of the Fund's transfer agent. Dividend Reinvestment Program ----------------------------- Under the Fund's Dividend Reinvestment Program, unless you specify otherwise, your dividends and distributions will be automatically reinvested in the same class of shares of the Fund without an initial sales charge or CDSC. If you elect to receive your distributions in cash, you will only receive a check if the distribution is equal to or exceeds $25.00. Distributions of less than $25.00 will automatically be reinvested in Fund shares. To receive distributions of less than $25.00 in cash, you must have bank instructions associated to your account so that distributions can be delivered to you electronically via Electronic Funds Transfer using the Automated Clearing House or "ACH". If you elect to receive distributions by check, your distributions and all subsequent distributions may nonetheless be reinvested in additional shares of the Fund under the following circumstances: (a) the postal service is unable to deliver your checks to your address of record and the checks are returned to the Fund's transfer agent as undeliverable; or (b) your checks remain uncashed for nine months. Additional shares of the Fund will be purchased at the then current NAV. You should contact the Fund's transfer agent to change your distribution option. Your request to do so must be received by the transfer agent before the record date for a distribution in order to be effective for that distribution. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed distribution checks. Payments to Financial Advisors and Their Firms ---------------------------------------------- Financial intermediaries market and sell shares of the Fund. These financial intermediaries employ financial advisors and receive compensation for selling shares of the Fund. This compensation is paid from various sources. Your individual financial advisor may receive some or all of the amounts paid to the financial intermediary that employs him or her. Your financial advisor's firm receives compensation from the Fund, ABI and/or the Adviser in several ways from various sources, which include some or all of the following: o additional distribution support; o defrayal of costs for educational seminars and training; and o payments related to providing shareholder record-keeping and/or transfer agency services. Please read your Prospectus carefully for information on this compensation. Other Payments for Distribution Services and Educational Support ---------------------------------------------------------------- In addition to the fees described under "Payments to Financial Advisors and Their Firms", in your Prospectus, some or all of which may be paid to financial intermediaries (and, in turn, to your financial advisor), ABI, at its expense, currently provides additional payments to firms that sell shares of the AB Mutual Funds. Although the individual components may be higher and the total amount of payments made to each qualifying firm in any given year may vary, the total amount paid to a financial intermediary in connection with the sale of shares of the AB Mutual Funds will generally not exceed the sum of (a) 0.25% of the current year's fund sales by that firm and (b) 0.10% of average daily net assets attributable to that firm over the year. These sums include payments to reimburse directly or indirectly the costs incurred by these firms and their employees in connection with educational seminars and training efforts about the AB Mutual Funds for the firms' employees and/or their clients and potential clients. The costs and expenses associated with these efforts may include travel, lodging, entertainment and meals. For 2015, ABI's additional payments to these firms for distribution services and educational support related to the AB Mutual Funds are expected to be approximately 0.05% of the average monthly assets of the AB Mutual Funds, or approximately $22 million. In 2014, ABI is expected to pay approximately 0.05% of the average monthly assets of the AB Mutual Funds or approximately $21 million for distribution services and educational support related to the AB Mutual Funds. A number of factors are considered in determining the additional payments, including each firm's AB Mutual Fund sales, assets and redemption rates, and the willingness and ability of the firm to give ABI access to its financial advisors for educational and marketing purposes. In some cases, firms will include the AB Mutual Funds on a "preferred list". ABI's goal is to make the financial advisors who interact with current and prospective investors and shareholders more knowledgeable about the AB Mutual Funds so that they can provide suitable information and advice about the fund and related investor services. The Fund and ABI also make payments for sub-accounting or shareholder servicing to financial intermediaries that sell AB Mutual Fund shares. Please see "Expenses of the Fund - Transfer Agency Agreement" above. These expenses paid by the Fund are included in "Other Expenses" under "Fees and Expenses of the Fund - Annual Fund Operating Expenses" in your Prospectus. If one mutual fund sponsor makes greater distribution assistance payments than another, your financial advisor and his or her firm may have an incentive to recommend one fund complex over another. Similarly, if your financial advisor or his or her firm receives more distribution assistance for one share class versus another, then they may have an incentive to recommend that class. Please speak with your financial advisor to learn more about the total amounts paid to your financial advisor and his or her firm by the Fund, the Adviser, ABI and by sponsors of other mutual funds he or she may recommend to you. You should also consult disclosures made by your financial advisor at the time of purchase. ABI anticipates that the firms that will receive additional payments for distribution services and/or educational support include: Advisor Group, Inc. Ameriprise Financial Services AXA Advisors Cadaret, Grant & Co. CCO Investment Services Corp. Commonwealth Financial Network Donegal Securities JP Morgan Securities Lincoln Financial Advisors Corp. Lincoln Financial Securities Corp. LPL Financial Merrill Lynch Morgan Stanley Northwestern Mutual Investment Services PNC Investments Raymond James RBC Wealth Management Robert W. Baird Santander Securities UBS Financial Services US Bancorp Investments Wells Fargo Advisors ABI expects that additional firms may be added to this list from time to time. Although the Fund may use brokers and dealers who sell shares of the Fund to effect portfolio transactions, the Fund does not consider the sale of AB Mutual Fund shares as a factor when selecting brokers or dealers to effect portfolio transactions. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- REDEMPTION AND REPURCHASE OF SHARES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The following information supplements that set forth in the Prospectus under the heading "Investing in the Fund". If you are a shareholder through an account established under a fee-based program, your fee-based program may impose requirements with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares of the Fund that are different from those described herein. Similarly, if you purchased your shares through your Bernstein Advisor, you must redeem your shares through your Bernstein Advisor, and no exchanges are permitted. A transaction fee may be charged by your financial intermediary with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares made through such financial intermediary. The Fund has authorized one or more brokers to receive on its behalf purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on the Fund's behalf. In such cases, orders will receive the NAV next computed after such order is properly received by the authorized broker or designee and accepted by the Fund. Redemption ---------- Subject to the limitations described below, the Fund will redeem the shares tendered to it, as described below, at a redemption price equal to their NAV as next computed following the receipt of shares tendered for redemption in proper form. There is no redemption charge. Payment of the redemption price normally will be made within seven days after the Fund's receipt of such tender for redemption. If a shareholder is in doubt about what documents are required by his or her fee-based program or Employee Plan, the shareholder should contact the shareholder's financial intermediary. The right of redemption may not be suspended or the date of payment upon redemption postponed for more than seven days after shares are tendered for redemption, except for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings) or during which the SEC determines that trading thereon is restricted, or for any period during which an emergency (as determined by the SEC) exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable or as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund fairly to determine the value of its net assets, or for such other periods as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of security holders of the Fund. Payment of the redemption price normally will be made in cash or may, at the option of the Fund, be made in kind. No interest will accrue on uncashed redemption checks. The value of a shareholder's shares on redemption or repurchase may be more or less than the cost of such shares to the shareholder, depending upon the market value of the Fund's portfolio securities at the time of such redemption or repurchase. Payment received by a shareholder upon redemption or repurchase of the shareholder's shares, assuming the shares constitute capital assets in the shareholder's hands, will result in long-term or short-term capital gain (or loss) depending upon the shareholder's holding period and basis in respect of the shares redeemed. To redeem shares of the Fund for which no stock certificates have been issued, the registered owner or owners should forward a letter to the Company containing a request for redemption. The Fund may require the signature or signatures on the letter to be Medallion Signature Guaranteed. Please contact ABIS to confirm whether a Medallion Signature Guarantee is needed. To redeem shares of the Fund represented by stock certificates, the investor should forward the appropriate stock certificate or certificates, endorsed in blank or with blank stock powers attached, to the Fund with the request that the shares represented thereby, or a specified portion thereof, be redeemed. The stock assignment form on the reverse side of each stock certificate surrendered to the Fund for redemption must be signed by the registered owner or owners exactly as the registered name appears on the face of the certificate or, alternatively, a stock power signed in the same manner may be attached to the stock certificate or certificates or, where tender is made by mail, separately mailed to the Fund. The signature or signatures on the assignment form must be guaranteed in the manner described above. Telephone Redemption by Electronic Funds Transfer. Each Fund shareholder is entitled to request redemption by electronic funds transfer (of shares for which no stock certificates have been issued) by telephone at (800) 221-5672 if the shareholder has completed the appropriate portion of the Mutual Fund Application or, if an existing shareholder has not completed this portion, by an "Autosell" application obtained from ABIS (except for certain omnibus accounts). A telephone redemption request may not exceed $100,000 and must be made before the Fund Closing Time. Proceeds of telephone redemptions will be sent by electronic funds transfer to a shareholder's designated bank account at a bank selected by the shareholder that is a member of the NACHA. Telephone Redemption by Check. Each Fund shareholder is eligible to request redemption by check, once in any 30-day period, of shares for which no stock certificates have been issued by telephone at (800) 221-5672 before the Fund Closing Time, on a Fund business day in an amount not exceeding $100,000. Proceeds of such redemptions are remitted by check to the shareholder's address of record. A shareholder otherwise eligible for telephone redemption by check may cancel the privilege by written instruction to ABIS, or by checking the appropriate box on the Mutual Fund Application. Telephone Redemptions - General. During periods of drastic economic, market or other developments, such as the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, it is possible that shareholders would have difficulty in reaching ABIS by telephone (although no such difficulty was apparent at any time in connection with the attacks). If a shareholder were to experience such difficulty, the shareholder should issue written instructions to ABIS at the address shown on the cover of this SAI. The Fund reserves the right to suspend or terminate its telephone redemption service at any time without notice. Telephone redemption by check is not available with respect to shares (i) for which certificates have been issued, (ii) held in nominee or "street name" accounts, (iii) held by a shareholder who has changed his or her address of record within the preceding 30 calendar days or (iv) held in any retirement plan account. Neither the Fund, the Adviser, ABI nor ABIS will be responsible for the authenticity of telephone requests for redemptions that the Fund reasonably believes to be genuine. The Fund will employ reasonable procedures in order to verify that telephone requests for redemptions are genuine, including, among others, recording such telephone instructions and causing written confirmations of the resulting transactions to be sent to shareholders. If the Fund did not employ such procedures, it could be liable for losses arising from unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. Financial intermediaries may charge a commission for handling telephone requests for redemptions. Repurchase ---------- The Fund may repurchase shares through ABI or financial intermediaries. The repurchase price will be the NAV next determined after ABI receives the request, except that requests placed through financial intermediaries before the Fund Closing Time will be executed at the NAV determined as the Fund Closing Time on that day if received by ABI prior to its close of business on that day (normally 5:00 p.m., Eastern time). The financial intermediary is responsible for transmitting the request to ABI by 5:00 p.m., Eastern time (certain financial intermediaries may enter into operating agreements permitting them to transmit purchase information that was received prior to the close of business to ABI after 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, and receive that day's NAV). If the financial intermediary fails to do so, the shareholder's right to receive that day's closing price must be settled between that shareholder and that financial intermediary. A shareholder may offer shares of the Fund to ABI either directly or through the shareholder's financial intermediary. Neither the Fund nor ABI charges a fee or commission in connection with the repurchase of shares. Normally, if shares of the Fund are offered through a financial intermediary, the repurchase is settled by the shareholder as an ordinary transaction with or through that financial intermediary, who may charge the shareholder for this service. The repurchase of shares of the Fund as described above with respect to financial intermediaries is a voluntary service of the Fund and the Fund may suspend or terminate this practice at any time. Account Closure --------------- The Fund reserves the right to close out an account that has remained below $1,000 for 90 days. In the case of a redemption or repurchase of shares of the Fund recently purchased by check, redemption proceeds will not be made available until the Fund is reasonably assured that the check has cleared, normally up to 15 calendar days following the purchase date. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SHAREHOLDER SERVICES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The following information supplements that set forth in your Prospectus under the heading "Investing in the Fund". If you are a shareholder through an account established under a fee-based program, your fee-based program may impose requirements with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares of the Fund that are different from those described herein. Exchange Privilege ------------------ You may exchange your investment in the Fund for shares of the same class of any other Fund and for Class A shares of any other AB Mutual Fund (as defined below). Exchanges of shares are made at the NAV next determined and without sales or service charges. Exchanges may be made by telephone or written request. In order to receive a day's NAV, ABIS must receive and confirm a telephone exchange request by the Fund Closing Time, on that day. Currently, the AB Mutual Funds include: AB Blended Style Series, Inc. -AB 2000 Retirement Strategy -AB 2005 Retirement Strategy -AB 2010 Retirement Strategy -AB 2015 Retirement Strategy -AB 2020 Retirement Strategy -AB 2025 Retirement Strategy -AB 2030 Retirement Strategy -AB 2035 Retirement Strategy -AB 2040 Retirement Strategy -AB 2045 Retirement Strategy -AB 2050 Retirement Strategy -AB 2055 Retirement Strategy AB Bond Fund, Inc. -AB All Market Real Return Portfolio -AB Bond Inflation Strategy -AB Credit Long/Short Portfolio -AB Government Reserves Portfolio -AB High Yield Portfolio -AB Intermediate Bond Portfolio -AB Limited Duration High Income Portfolio -AB Municipal Bond Inflation Strategy -AB Tax-Aware Fixed Income Portfolio AB Cap Fund, Inc. -AB All Market Growth Portfolio -AB All Market Income Portfolio -AB Concentrated Growth Fund -AB Emerging Markets Growth Portfolio -AB Emerging Markets Multi-Asset Portfolio -AB Global Core Equity Portfolio -AB Long/Short Multi-Manager Fund -AB Market Neutral Strategy - U.S. -AB Multi-Manager Alternative Strategies Fund -AB Multi-Manager Select Retirement Allocation Fund -AB Multi-Manager Select 2010 Fund -AB Multi-Manager Select 2015 Fund -AB Multi-Manager Select 2020 Fund -AB Multi-Manager Select 2025 Fund -AB Multi-Manager Select 2030 Fund -AB Multi-Manager Select 2035 Fund -AB Multi-Manager Select 2040 Fund -AB Multi-Manager Select 2045 Fund -AB Multi-Manager Select 2050 Fund -AB Multi-Manager Select 2055 Fund -AB Select US Equity Portfolio -AB Select US Long/Short Portfolio -AB Small Cap Growth Portfolio -AB Small Cap Value Portfolio AB Core Opportunities Fund, Inc. AB Discovery Growth Fund, Inc. AB Equity Income Fund, Inc. AB Exchange Reserves AB Global Bond Fund, Inc. AB Global Real Estate Investment Fund, Inc. AB Global Risk Allocation Fund, Inc. AB Global Thematic Growth Fund, Inc. AB Growth and Income Fund, Inc. AB High Income Fund, Inc. AB International Growth Fund, Inc. AB Large Cap Growth Fund, Inc. AB Municipal Income Fund, Inc. -AB High Income Municipal Portfolio -AB California Portfolio -AB National Portfolio -AB New York Portfolio AB Municipal Income Fund II -ABArizona Portfolio -AB Massachusetts Portfolio -AB Michigan Portfolio -AB Minnesota Portfolio -AB New Jersey Portfolio -AB Ohio Portfolio -AB Pennsylvania Portfolio -AB Virginia Portfolio AB Trust -AB Discovery Value Fund -AB International Value Fund -AB Value Fund AB Unconstrained Bond Fund, Inc. The AB Portfolios -AB Balanced Wealth Strategy -AB Conservative Wealth Strategy -AB Growth Fund -AB Tax-Managed Balanced Wealth Strategy -AB Tax-Managed Conservative Wealth Strategy -AB Tax-Managed Wealth Appreciation Strategy -AB Wealth Appreciation Strategy Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc. -Intermediate California Municipal Portfolio -Intermediate Diversified Municipal Portfolio -Intermediate New York Municipal Portfolio -International Portfolio -Short Duration Portfolio -Tax-Managed International Portfolio Please read carefully the portions of the prospectus of the Fund or AB Mutual Fund, as applicable, into which you wish to exchange before submitting the request. Call ABIS at (800) 221-5672 to exchange uncertificated shares. Exchanges of shares as described above in this section are taxable transactions for federal income tax purposes. All exchanges are subject to the minimum investment requirements and any other applicable terms set forth in the Prospectuses or the prospectus for the AB Mutual Fund whose shares are being acquired. An exchange is effected through the redemption of the shares tendered for exchange and the purchase of shares being acquired at their respective NAVs as next determined following receipt by the Fund or the AB Mutual Fund, as applicable, whose shares are being exchanged of (i) proper instructions and all necessary supporting documents as described in that fund's prospectus, or (ii) a telephone request for such exchange in accordance with the procedures set forth in the following paragraph. Exchanges involving the redemption of shares recently purchased by check will be permitted only after the fund whose shares have been tendered for exchange is reasonably assured that the check has cleared, normally up to 15 calendar days following the purchase date. Exchanges of shares of AB Mutual Funds will generally result in the realization of a capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. Each Fund shareholder and the shareholder's financial intermediary are authorized to make telephone requests for exchanges unless ABIS receives a written instruction to the contrary from the shareholder, or the shareholder declines the privilege by checking the appropriate box on the Mutual Fund Application. Such telephone requests cannot be accepted with respect to shares then represented by stock certificates. Shares acquired pursuant to a telephone request for exchange will be held under the same account registration as the shares redeemed through the exchange. Eligible shareholders desiring to make an exchange should telephone ABIS with their account number and other details of the exchange at (800) 221-5672 before the Fund Closing Time on a Fund business day as defined above. Telephone requests for exchange received before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, on a Fund business day will be processed as of the close of business on that day. During periods of drastic economic, market or other developments, such as the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, it is possible that shareholders would have difficulty in reaching ABIS by telephone (although no such difficulty was apparent at any time in connection with the attacks). If a shareholder were to experience such difficulty, the shareholder should issue written instructions to ABIS at the address shown on the cover of this SAI. None of the Fund, the AB Mutual Funds, the Adviser, ABI or ABIS will be responsible for the authenticity of telephone requests for exchanges that the Fund reasonably believes to be genuine. The Fund will employ reasonable procedures in order to verify that telephone requests for exchanges are genuine, including, among others, recording such telephone instructions and causing written confirmations of the resulting transactions to be sent to shareholders. If the Fund did not employ such procedures, it could be liable for losses arising from unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. Financial intermediaries may charge a commission for handling telephone requests for exchanges. The exchange privilege is available only in states where shares of the AB Mutual Fund being acquired may be legally sold. Each AB Mutual Fund reserves the right, at any time on 60 days' written notice to its shareholders, to modify, restrict or terminate the exchange privilege. Statements and Reports ---------------------- Each shareholder of the Fund receives semi-annual and annual reports which include a listing of the Fund's investments, financial statements and, in the case of the annual report, the report of the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, 5 Times Square, New York, New York 10036, as well as a confirmation of each purchase and redemption of shares by the shareholder. By contacting his or her financial intermediary or ABIS, a shareholder can arrange for copies of his or her account statements to be sent to another person. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NET ASSET VALUE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The NAV is computed each day the Exchange is open at the close of regular trading (ordinarily, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, but sometimes earlier, as in the case of scheduled half-day trading or unscheduled suspensions of trading) following receipt of a purchase or redemption order by the Fund on each Fund business day, as defined above, on which such an order is received and on such other days as the Board of Directors deems appropriate or necessary in order to comply with Rule 22c-1 under the 1940 Act. The Fund's per share NAV is calculated by dividing the value of the Fund's total assets, less its liabilities, by the total number of its shares then outstanding. Portfolio securities are valued at current market value or at fair value as determined in accordance with applicable rules under the 1940 Act and the Fund's pricing policies and procedures (the "Pricing Policies") established by and under the general supervision of the Board. The Board has delegated to the Adviser, subject to the Board's continuing oversight, certain of the Board's duties with respect to the Pricing Policies. The Adviser has established a Valuation Committee, which operates under policies and procedures approved by the Board, to value the Fund's assets on behalf of the Fund. Whenever possible, securities are valued based on market information on the business day as of which the value is being determined, as follows: (a) an equity security listed on the Exchange, or on another national or foreign exchange (other than securities listed on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange ("NASDAQ")), is valued at the last sale price reflected on the consolidated tape at the close of the exchange. If there has been no sale on the relevant business day, the security is then valued at the last-traded price; (b) an equity security traded on NASDAQ is valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price; (c) an OTC equity security is valued at the mid level between the current bid and asked prices. If the mid price is not available, the security will be valued at the bid price. An equity security traded on more than one exchange is valued in accordance with paragraph (a) above by reference to the principal exchange (as determined by the Adviser) on which the security is traded; (d) a listed or OTC put or call option is valued at the mid level between the current bid and asked prices (for options or futures contracts, see item (e)). If neither a current bid nor a current ask price is available, the Adviser will have discretion to determine the best valuation (e.g., last trade price) and then bring the issue to the Valuation Committee the next day; (e) an open futures contract and any option thereon is valued at the closing settlement price or, in the absence of such a price, the most recent quoted bid price. If there are no quotations available for the relevant business day, the security is valued at the last available closing settlement price; (f) a listed right is valued at the last-traded price provided by approved vendors. If there has been no sale on the relevant business day, the right is valued at the last-traded price from the previous day. On the following day, the security is valued in good faith at fair value. For an unlisted right, the calculation used in determining a value is the price of the reference security minus the subscription price multiplied by the terms of the right. There may be some instances when the subscription price is greater than the referenced security right. In such instances, the right would be valued as worthless; (g) a listed warrant is valued at the last-traded price provided by approved vendors. If there is no sale on the relevant business day, the warrant is valued at the last-traded price from the previous day. On the following day, the security is valued in good faith at fair value. All unlisted warrants are valued in good faith at fair value. Once a warrant has expired, it will no longer be valued; (h) preferred securities are valued based on prices received from approved vendors that use last trade data for listed preferreds and evaluated bid prices for non-listed preferreds, as well as for listed preferreds when there is no trade activity; (i) U.S. Government securities and any other debt instrument having 60 days or less remaining until maturity generally are valued at market by an independent pricing service, if a market price is available. If a market price is not available, the securities are valued at amortized cost. This methodology pertains to short-term securities that have an original maturity of 60 days or less, as well as short term securities that had an original term to maturity that exceeded 60 days. In instances in which amortized cost is utilized, the Valuation Committee must reasonably conclude that the utilization of amortized cost is approximately the same as the fair value of the security. The factors the Valuation Committee will consider include, but are not limited to, an impairment of the creditworthiness of the issuer or material changes in interest rates. The Adviser is responsible for monitoring any instances when a market price is not applied to a short term security and will report any instances to the Valuation Committee for review; (j) a fixed-income security is typically valued on the basis of bid prices provided by an approved pricing vendor when the Adviser reasonably believes that such prices reflect the fair market value of the security. In certain markets, the market convention may be to use the mid price between bid and offer. Fixed-income securities may be valued on the basis of mid prices when such prices reflect the conventions of the particular markets. The prices provided by an approved pricing vendor may take into account many factors, including institutional size trading in similar groups of securities and any developments related to specific securities. If the Adviser determines that an appropriate pricing vendor does not exist for a security in a market that typically values such security on the basis of a bid price, the security is valued on the basis of a quoted bid price or spread over the applicable yield curve (a bid spread) by a broker/dealer in such security. If the Adviser receives multiple broker quotes that are deemed to be reliable, then the Adviser will utilize the second highest broker quote. If an appropriate pricing vendor does not exist for a security in a market where convention is to use the mid price, the security is valued on the basis of a quoted mid price by a broker-dealer in such security; (k) bank loans are valued on the basis of bid prices provided by a pricing vendor; (l) bridge loans are valued at fair value, which equates to the outstanding loan amount unless it is determined by the Adviser that any particular bridge loan should be valued at something other than outstanding loan amount. This may occur, due to, for example, a significant change in the high yield market and/or a significant change in the status of any particular issuer or issuers of bridge loans; (m) whole loans: residential and commercial mortgage whose loans and whole loan pools are market priced by an approved vendor; (n) forward and spot currency pricing is provided by an independent pricing vendor. The rate provide by the approved vendor is a mid price for forward and spot rates. In most instances whenever both an "onshore" rate and an "offshore" (i.e., NDF) rate is available, the Adviser will use the offshore (NDF) rate. NDF contracts are used for currencies where it is difficult (and sometimes impossible) to take actual delivery of the currency; (o) OTC derivatives pricing: various independent pricing vendors are used to obtain derivatives values or obtain information used to derive a price for each investment. This information is placed into various pricing models that can be sourced by the Adviser or from approved vendors (depending on the type of derivative) to derive a price for each investment. These pricing models are monitored/reviewed on an ongoing basis by the Adviser; (p) short-term securities held in money market funds: the valuation of securities held in AB's money market funds is based upon their amortized cost, which does not take into account unrealized securities gains or losses as measured by market valuations. The Adviser also determines the net asset value of each money market fund based upon money market prices provided by an independent pricing vendor on a daily basis. This allows the Adviser to determine the extent of the deviation, if any, from the net asset value per share based on amortized cost; (q) mutual funds and other pooled vehicles: the Adviser receives pricing information for mutual funds and other pooled vehicles from various sources (including AB Global Fund Administrator and the external custodian banks). Open-end mutual funds are valued at the closing NAV per share and closed-end funds and ETFs are valued at the closing market price per share; (r) repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements: repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements will be valued based on their original cost plus accrued interest; (s) hedge funds: hedge funds will be priced at the most recent available closing NAV per share; (t) equity-linked notes: prices are sourced at the end of the pricing day from approved vendors. The vendor methodology is to source the relevant underlying non-U.S. dollar exchange closing prices and convert them to U.S. dollars; (u) credit-linked notes: prices are sourced on the reference bond consistent with fixed-income security methodology as noted above, which are passed through as the price on the credit-linked note. Alternatively, broker marks are obtained. If the Adviser becomes aware of any news/market events that would cause the Valuation Committee to believe the last traded or market-based price, as applicable, does not reflect fair value, the security is then valued in good faith at fair value by, or in accordance with, procedures approved by the Board. The Fund values its securities at their current market value determined on the basis of market quotations as set forth above or, if market quotations are not readily available or are unreliable, at "fair value" as determined in accordance with procedures established by and under the general supervision of the Board. When the Fund uses fair value pricing, it may take into account any factors it deems appropriate. The Fund may determine fair value based upon developments related to a specific security, current valuations of foreign stock indices (as reflected in U.S. futures markets) and/or U.S. sector or broader stock market indices. The prices of securities used by the Fund to calculate its NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security. The Fund expects to use fair value pricing for securities primarily traded on U.S. exchanges only under very limited circumstances, such as the early closing of the exchange on which a security is traded or suspension of trading in the security. The Fund may use fair value pricing more frequently for securities primarily traded in non-U.S. markets because, among other things, most foreign markets close well before the Fund ordinarily values its securities at 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time. The earlier close of these foreign markets gives rise to the possibility that significant events, including broad market moves, may have occurred in the interim. For example, the Fund believes that foreign security values may be affected by events that occur after the close of foreign securities markets. To account for this, the Fund may frequently value many of its foreign equity securities using fair value prices based on third party vendor modeling tools to the extent available. Subject to its oversight, the Board has delegated responsibility for valuing Fund's assets to the Adviser. The Adviser has established a Pricing Group Valuation Committee, which operates under the policies and procedures approved by the Board, to value the Fund's assets on behalf of the Fund. The Pricing Group Valuation Committee values the Fund's assets as described above. The Board may suspend the determination of its NAV (and the offering and sale of shares), subject to the rules of the SEC and other governmental rules and regulations, at a time when: (1) the Exchange is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings, (2) an emergency exists as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to dispose of securities owned by it or to determine fairly the value of its net assets, or (3) for the protection of shareholders, if the SEC by order permits a suspension of the right of redemption or a postponement of the date of payment on redemption. For purposes of determining the Fund's NAV per share, all assets and liabilities initially expressed in a foreign currency will be converted into U.S. Dollars at the mean of the current bid and asked prices of such currency against the U.S. Dollar last quoted by a major bank that is a regular participant in the relevant foreign exchange market or on the basis of a pricing service that takes into account the quotes provided by a number of such major banks. If such quotations are not available as of the close of the Exchange, the rate of exchange will be determined in good faith by, or under the direction of, the Board. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- United States Federal Income Taxes ---------------------------------- General. The Fund intends for each taxable year to qualify to be taxed as a "regulated investment company" under the Code. To so qualify, the Fund must, among other things, (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currency, certain other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in stock, securities or currency or net income derived from interests in certain qualified publicly traded partnerships; and (ii) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of its taxable year, the following two conditions are met: (a) at least 50% of the value of the Fund's assets is represented by cash, cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities with respect to which the Fund's investment is limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund's assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund's assets is invested in securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies), securities of any two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or in securities of one or more "qualified publicly traded partnerships". It is the present policy of the Fund to distribute to shareholders all net investment income quarterly and to distribute net realized capital gains, if any, annually. The amount of any such distributions must necessarily depend upon the realization by the Fund of income and capital gains from investments. No interest will accrue on uncashed distribution checks. If the Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company for any taxable year and makes timely distributions to its shareholders of 90% or more of its investment company taxable income for that year (calculated without regard to its net capital gain, i.e., the excess of its net long-term capital gain over its net short-term capital loss) it will not be subject to federal income tax on the portion of its taxable income for the year (including any net capital gain) that it distributes to shareholders. The Fund intends to avoid the 4% federal excise tax that would otherwise apply to certain undistributed income for a given calendar year by making timely distributions to the shareholders equal to at least the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income for that year; (ii) 98.2% of its capital gain net income and foreign currency gains for the twelve-month period ending on October 31 of that year or, if later during the calendar year, the last day of the Fund's taxable year (i.e., November 30 or December 31)if the fund is permitted to elect and so elects; and (iii) any ordinary income or capital gain net income from the preceding calendar year that was not distributed during that year. For this purpose, income or gain retained by the Fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by the Fund by year-end. For federal income tax purposes, dividends declared and payable to shareholders of record as of a date in October, November or December of a given year but actually paid during the immediately following January will be treated as if paid by the Fund on December 31 of that calendar year, and will be taxable to these shareholders for the year declared, and not for the year in which the shareholders actually receive the dividend. The information set forth in your Prospectus and the following discussion relate solely to the significant U.S. federal income taxes on dividends and distributions by the Fund and assumes that the Fund qualifies to be taxed as a regulated investment company. An investor should consult the investor's tax counsel with respect to the specific tax consequences of being a shareholder of the Fund, including the effect and applicability of federal, state, local and foreign tax laws to the investor's particular situation and the possible effects of changes therein. Dividends and Distributions. The Fund intends to make timely distributions of the Fund's taxable income (including any net capital gain) so that the Fund will not be subject to federal income and excise taxes. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly; capital gains distributions generally occur annually in December. Dividends of the Fund's net ordinary income and distributions of any net realized short-term capital gain are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Due to distributions of amounts representing a return of capital the Fund will receive from REITs in which the Fund is invested, distributions made by the Fund may also include nontaxable returns of capital, which will reduce a shareholder's basis in shares of the Fund. If a shareholder's basis is reduced to zero (which could happen if the shareholder does not reinvest distributions and returns of capital are significant), any further returns of capital will be taxable as capital gain. Dividends paid by the Fund and received by a corporate shareholder are eligible for the dividends received deduction to the extent that the Fund's income is derived from qualifying dividends received from domestic corporations. Dividends received from REITs generally do not constitute qualifying dividends. A corporate shareholder's dividends received deduction generally will be disallowed unless the corporate shareholder holds shares in the Fund for at least 46 days during the 90-day period beginning 45 days before the date on which the shareholder becomes entitled to receive the dividend. In determining the holding period of shares for this purpose, any period during which a shareholder's risk of loss is offset by means of options, short sales or similar transactions is not counted. Furthermore, the dividends received deduction will be disallowed to the extent the investment in shares of the Fund is financed with indebtedness. It is not expected that any of the Fund's dividends will be treated as "qualified dividend income" taxable to individuals, trusts and estates at the same tax rates as long-term capital gain. Distributions of net capital gain will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares in the Fund. Any dividend or distribution received by a shareholder on shares of the Fund will have the effect of reducing the NAV of such shares by the amount of such dividend or distribution. Furthermore, a dividend or distribution made shortly after the purchase of such shares by a shareholder, although in effect a return of capital to that particular shareholder, would be taxable to him or her as described above. Dividends are taxable in the manner discussed regardless of whether they are paid to the shareholder in cash or are reinvested in additional shares of the Fund. After the end of the taxable year, the Fund will notify shareholders of the federal income tax status of any distributions made by the Fund to shareholders during such year. Sales and Redemptions. Any gain or loss arising from a sale or redemption of Fund shares held as a capital asset will be capital gain or loss except in the case of a dealer or a financial institution and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shareholder has held such shares for more than one year at the time of the sale or redemption; otherwise it will be short-term capital gain or loss. If a shareholder has held shares in the Fund for six months or less and during that period has received a distribution of net capital gain, any loss recognized by the shareholder on the sale of those shares during the six-month period will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the distribution. In determining the holding period of such shares for this purpose, any period during which a shareholder's risk of loss is offset by means of options, short sales or similar transactions is not counted. Any loss realized by a shareholder on a sale or exchange of shares of the Fund will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the shares are sold or exchanged. For this purpose, acquisitions pursuant to the Dividend Reinvestment Plan would constitute a replacement if made within the period. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an upward adjustment to the basis of the shares acquired. Cost Basis Reporting. As part of the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008, mutual funds are required to report to the Internal Revenue Service the "cost basis" of shares acquired by a shareholder on or after January 1, 2012 ("covered shares") and subsequently redeemed. These requirements do not apply to investments through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement plan. The "cost basis" of a share is generally its purchase price adjusted for dividends, return of capital, and other corporate actions. Cost basis is used to determine whether a sale of the shares results in a gain or loss. The amount of gain or loss recognized by a shareholder on the sale or redemption of shares is generally the difference between the cost basis of such shares and their sale price. If you redeem covered shares during any year, then the Fund will report the cost basis of such covered shares to the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") and you on Form 1099-B along with the gross proceeds received on the redemption, the gain or loss realized on such redemption and the holding period of the redeemed shares. Your cost basis in your covered shares is permitted to be calculated using any one of three alternative methods: Average Cost, First In-First Out (FIFO) and Specific Share Identification. You may elect which method you want to use by notifying the Fund. This election may be revoked or changed by you at any time up to the date of your first redemption of covered shares. If you do not affirmatively elect a cost basis method then the Fund's default cost basis calculation method, which is currently the Average Cost method - will be applied to your account(s). The default method will also be applied to all new accounts established unless otherwise requested. If you hold Fund shares through a broker (or another nominee), please contact that broker (nominee) with respect to the reporting of cost basis and available elections for your account. You are encouraged to consult your tax advisor regarding the application of the new cost basis reporting rules and, in particular, which cost basis calculation method you should elect. Qualified Plans. A dividend or capital gains distribution with respect to shares of the Fund held by a tax-deferred or qualified plan, such as an individual retirement account, 403(b)(7) retirement plan or corporate pension or profit-sharing plan, generally will not be taxable to the plan. Distributions from such plans will be taxable to individual participants under applicable tax rules without regard to the character of the income earned by the qualified plan. Backup Withholding. Any distributions and redemption proceeds payable to a shareholder may be subject to "backup withholding" tax (at a rate of 28%) if such shareholder fails to provide the Fund with his or her correct taxpayer identification number, fails to make required certifications, or is notified by the IRS that he or she is subject to backup withholding. Corporate shareholders and certain other shareholders specified in the Code are exempt from such backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax; any amounts so withheld may be credited against a shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability or refunded by filing a refund claim with the IRS, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS. Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits. The Fund may invest in REMICs. Interests in REMICs are classified as either "regular" interests or "residual" interests. Regular interests in a REMIC are treated as debt instruments for federal income tax purposes to which the rules generally applicable to debt obligations apply. If regular interests in a REMIC are issued at a discount, application of the original issue discount provisions of the Code may increase the amount of the Fund's net investment income available to be distributed to shareholders, potentially causing the Fund to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. Under the Code, special rules apply with respect to the treatment of a portion of the Fund income from REMIC residual interests. (Such portion is referred to herein as "Excess Inclusion Income"). Excess Inclusion Income generally cannot be offset by net operating losses and, in addition, constitutes unrelated business taxable income to entities which are subject to the unrelated business income tax. The Code provides that a portion of Excess Inclusion Income attributable to REMIC residual interests held by regulated investment companies such as the Fund shall, pursuant to regulations, be allocated to the shareholders of such regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders. Accordingly, shareholders of the Fund will generally not be able to use net operating losses to offset such Excess Inclusion Income. In addition, if a shareholder of the Fund is a tax-exempt entity not subject to the unrelated business income tax and is allocated any amount of Excess Inclusion Income, the Fund must pay a tax on the amount of Excess Inclusion Income allocated to such shareholder at the highest corporate rate. Any tax paid by the Fund as a result of this requirement may be deducted by the Fund from the gross income of the residual interest involved. A shareholder subject to the unrelated business income tax may be required to file a return and pay a tax on such Excess Inclusion Income even though a shareholder might not have been required to pay such tax or file such return absent the receipt of such Excess Inclusion Income. It is anticipated that only a small portion, if any, of the assets of the Fund will be invested in REMIC residual interests. Accordingly, the amount of Excess Inclusion Income, if any, received by the Fund and allocated to its shareholders should be quite small. Shareholders that are subject to the unrelated business income tax should consult their own tax advisor regarding the treatment of their income derived from the Fund. Taxation of Foreign Shareholders. The foregoing discussion relates only to United States federal income tax law as it affects shareholders who are United States citizens or residents or United States corporations. The effects of federal income tax law on shareholders who are non-resident alien individuals or foreign corporations may be substantially different. Foreign investors should therefore consult their counsel for further information as to the United States tax consequences of receipt of income from the Fund. Other Taxes ----------- The Fund may be subject to other state and local taxes. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject to the general oversight of the Board of the Fund, the Adviser is responsible for the investment decisions and the placing of orders for portfolio transactions for the Fund. The Adviser determines the broker or dealer to be used in each specific transaction with the objective of negotiating a combination of the most favorable commission (for transactions on which a commission is payable) and the best price obtainable on each transaction (generally defined as "best execution"). In connection with seeking best price and execution, the Fund does not consider sales of shares of the Fund or other investment companies managed by the Adviser as a factor in the selection of brokers and dealers to effect portfolio transactions and has adopted a policy and procedures reasonably designed to preclude such considerations. When consistent with the objective of obtaining best execution, brokerage may be directed to persons or firms supplying investment information to the Adviser. There may be occasions where the transaction cost charged by a broker may be greater than that which another broker may charge if it is determined in good faith that the amount of such transaction cost is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage, research and statistical services provided by the executing broker. Neither the Company nor the Adviser has entered into agreements or understandings with any brokers regarding the placement of securities transactions because of research services they provide. To the extent that such persons or firms supply investment information to the Adviser for use in rendering investment advice to the Fund, such information may be supplied at no cost to the Adviser and, therefore, may have the effect of reducing the expenses of the Adviser in rendering advice to the Fund. While it is impossible to place an actual dollar value on such investment information, the Adviser believes that its receipt probably does not reduce the overall expenses of the Adviser to any material extent. The investment information provided to the Adviser is of the type described in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended, and is designed to augment the Adviser's own internal research and investment strategy capabilities. Research services furnished by brokers through which the Fund effects securities transactions are used by the Adviser in carrying out its investment management responsibilities with respect to all its clients' accounts but not all such services may be used by the Adviser in connection with the Fund. The extent to which commissions that will be charged by broker-dealers selected by the Fund may reflect an element of value for research cannot presently be determined. To the extent that research services of value are provided by broker-dealers with or through whom the Fund places portfolio transactions, the Adviser may be relieved of expenses which it might otherwise bear. Research services furnished by broker-dealers as a result of the placement of portfolio transactions could be useful and of value to the Adviser in servicing its other clients as well as the Fund; on the other hand, certain research services obtained by the Adviser as a result of the placement of portfolio brokerage of other clients could be useful and of value to it in servicing the Fund. The Fund may deal in some instances in securities which are not listed on a national securities exchange but are traded in the over-the-counter market. It may also purchase listed securities through the third market, i.e., from a dealer that is not a member of the exchange on which a security is listed. Where transactions are executed in the over-the-counter market or third market, the Fund will seek to deal with the primary market makers; but when necessary in order to obtain best execution, it will utilize the services of others. In all cases, the Fund will attempt to negotiate best execution. The Fund's portfolio transactions in equity securities may occur on foreign stock exchanges. Transactions on stock exchanges involve the payment of brokerage commissions. On many foreign stock exchanges these commissions are fixed. Securities traded in foreign over-the-counter markets (including most fixed-income securities) are purchased from and sold to dealers acting as principal. OTC transactions generally do not involve the payment of a stated commission, but the price usually includes an undisclosed commission or markup. The prices of underwritten offerings, however, generally include a stated underwriter's discount. The Adviser expects to effect the bulk of its transactions in securities of companies based in foreign countries through brokers, dealers or underwriters located in such countries. U.S. Government or other U.S. securities constituting permissible investments will be purchased and sold through U.S. brokers, dealers or underwriters. Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those for other investment companies and other advisory accounts managed by the Adviser. It may happen, on occasion, that the same security is held in the portfolio of the Fund and one or more of such other companies or accounts. Simultaneous transactions are likely when several funds or accounts are managed by the same Adviser, particularly when a security is suitable for the investment objectives of more than one of such companies or accounts. When two or more companies or accounts managed by the Adviser are simultaneously engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the transactions are allocated to the respective companies or accounts both as to amount and price, in accordance with a method deemed equitable to each company or account. In some cases this system may adversely affect the price paid or received by the Fund or the size of the position obtainable for the Fund. Allocations are made by the officers of the Fund or of the Adviser. Purchases and sales of portfolio securities are determined by the Adviser and are placed with broker-dealers by the order department of the Adviser. During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2014, October 31, 2013 and October 31, 2012 the Fund incurred brokerage commissions amounting in the aggregate to $892,234, $1,720,770, and $1,817,517, respectively. The Fund may, from time to time, place orders for the purchase or sale of securities (including listed call options) with SCB & Co., and SCB Limited (a United Kingdom broker-dealer), affiliates of the Adviser (the "Affiliated Brokers"). In such instances, the placement of orders with the Affiliated Brokers would be consistent with the Fund's objective of obtaining best execution and would not be dependent upon the fact that the Affiliated Brokers are affiliates of the Adviser. With respect to orders placed with the Affiliated Brokers for execution on a national securities exchange, commissions received must conform to Section 17(e)(2)(A) of the 1940 Act and Rule 17e-1 thereunder, which permit an affiliated person of a registered investment company (such as the Fund), or any affiliated person of such person, to receive a brokerage commission from such registered investment company provided that such commission is reasonable and fair compared to the commissions received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities during a comparable period of time. During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2014, October 31, 2013 and October 31, 2012 brokerage commissions amounting in the aggregate to $10,358, $590, and $5,327, respectively, were paid to the Affiliated Brokers. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2014, the brokerage commissions paid to the Affiliated Brokers constituted 1.16% of the Fund's aggregate brokerage commissions. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2014, of the Fund's aggregate dollar amount of brokerage transactions involving the payment of commissions, 0.23% was effected through the Affiliated Brokers. Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings -------------------------------- The Fund believes that the ideas of the Adviser's investment staff should benefit the Fund and its shareholders, and does not want to afford speculators an opportunity to profit by anticipating Fund trading strategies or using Fund information for stock picking. However, the Fund also believes that knowledge of the Fund's portfolio holdings can assist shareholders in monitoring their investment, making asset allocation decisions, and evaluating portfolio management techniques. The Adviser has adopted, on behalf of the Fund, policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Fund's portfolio securities. The policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Fund's portfolio securities are designed to allow disclosure of portfolio holdings information where necessary to the Fund's operation or useful to the Fund's shareholders without compromising the integrity or performance of the Fund. Except when there are legitimate business purposes for selective disclosure and other conditions (designed to protect the Fund and its shareholders) are met, the Fund does not provide or permit others to provide information about the Fund's portfolio holdings on a selective basis. The Fund includes portfolio holdings information as required in regulatory filings and shareholder reports, discloses portfolio holdings information as required by federal or state securities laws and may disclose portfolio holdings information in response to requests by governmental authorities. In addition, the Adviser may post portfolio holdings information on the Adviser's website (www.ABglobal.com). The Adviser generally posts on the website a complete schedule of the Fund's portfolio securities, generally as of the last day of each calendar month, approximately 30 days after the end of that month. This posted information generally remains accessible on the website for three months. For each portfolio security, the posted information includes its name, the number of shares held by the Fund, the market value of the Fund's holdings, and the percentage of the Fund's assets represented by the Fund's holdings. In addition to the schedule of portfolio holdings, the Adviser may post information about the number of securities the Fund holds, a summary of the Fund's top ten holdings (including name and the percentage of the Fund's assets invested in each holding), and a percentage breakdown of the Fund's investments by country, sector and industry, as applicable approximately 10-15 days after the end of the month. The day after portfolio holdings information is publicly available on the website, it may be mailed, e-mailed or otherwise transmitted to any person. The Adviser may distribute or authorize the distribution of information about the Fund's portfolio holdings that is not publicly available, on the website or otherwise, to the Adviser's employees and affiliates that provide services to the Fund. In addition, the Adviser may distribute or authorize distribution of information about the Fund's portfolio holdings that is not publicly available, on the website or otherwise, to the Fund's service providers who require access to the information in order to fulfill their contractual duties relating to the Fund, to facilitate the review of the Fund by rating agencies, for the purpose of due diligence regarding a merger or acquisition, or for the purpose of effecting in-kind redemption of securities to facilitate orderly redemption of portfolio assets and minimal impact on remaining Fund shareholders. The Adviser does not expect to disclose information about the Fund's portfolio holdings that is not publicly available to the Fund's individual or institutional investors or to intermediaries that distribute the Fund's shares. Information may be disclosed with any frequency and any lag, as appropriate. Before any non-public disclosure of information about the Fund's portfolio holdings is permitted, however, the Adviser's Chief Compliance Officer (or his designee) must determine that the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for providing the portfolio holdings information, that the disclosure is in the best interests of the Fund's shareholders, and that the recipient agrees or has a duty to keep the information confidential and agrees not to trade directly or indirectly based on the information or to use the information to form a specific recommendation about whether to invest in the Fund or any other security. Under no circumstances may the Adviser or its affiliates receive any consideration or compensation for disclosing the information. The Adviser has established procedures to ensure that the Fund's portfolio holdings information is only disclosed in accordance with these policies. Only the Adviser's Chief Compliance Officer (or his designee) may approve the disclosure, and then only if he or she and a designated senior officer in the Adviser's product management group determines that the disclosure serves a legitimate business purpose of the Fund and is in the best interest of the Fund's shareholders. The Adviser's Chief Compliance Officer (or his designee) approves disclosure only after considering the anticipated benefits and costs to the Fund and its shareholders, the purpose of the disclosure, any conflicts of interest between the interests of the Fund and its shareholders and the interests of the Adviser or any of its affiliates, and whether the disclosure is consistent with the policies and procedures governing disclosure. Only someone approved by the Adviser's Chief Compliance Officer (or his designee) may make approved disclosures of portfolio holdings information to authorized recipients. The Adviser reserves the right to request certifications from senior officers of authorized recipients that the recipient is using the portfolio holdings information only in a manner consistent with the Adviser's policy and any applicable confidentiality agreement. The Adviser's Chief Compliance Officer or another member of the compliance team reports all arrangements to disclose portfolio holdings information to the Fund's Board on a quarterly basis. If the Board determines that disclosure was inappropriate, the Adviser will promptly terminate the disclosure arrangement. In accordance with these procedures, each of the following third parties have been approved to receive information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings: (i) the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm, for use in providing audit opinions; (ii) R.R. Donnelley, Data Communique International and, from time to time, other financial printers, for the purpose of preparing Fund regulatory filings; (iii) the Fund's custodian in connection with its custody of the Fund's assets; (iv) Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. for proxy voting services; and (v) data aggregators, such as Vestek. Information may be provided to these parties at any time with no time lag. Each of these parties is contractually and ethically prohibited from sharing the Fund's portfolio holdings information unless specifically authorized. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Capitalization -------------- The Company is a Maryland corporation organized on October 3, 1997 under the name "Alliance Institutional Funds, Inc." The name of the Company became "AllianceBernstein Institutional Funds, Inc." on March 31, 2003. The Fund changed its name from "Alliance Real Estate Investment Institutional Fund" to "AllianceBernstein Real Estate Investment Institutional Fund" on May 21, 2001, and changed its name from "AllianceBernstein Real Estate Investment Institutional Fund" to "AllianceBernstein Global Real Estate Investment Fund II" on March 1, 2007. On January 20, 2015 the Company changed its name from "AllianceBernstein Institutional Funds, Inc." to "AB Institutional Funds, Inc.," and the Fund changed its name from "AllianceBernstein Global Real Estate Investment Fund II" to "AB Global Real Estate Investment Fund II." All shares of the Fund, when issued, are fully paid and non-assessable. The Directors are authorized to reclassify and issue any unissued shares to any number of additional series and classes without shareholder approval. Accordingly, the Directors in the future, for reasons such as the desire to establish one or more additional portfolios with different investment objectives, policies or restrictions, may create additional classes or series of shares. Any issuance of shares of another class or series would be governed by the 1940 Act and the law of the State of Maryland. If shares of another series were issued in connection with the creation of a new portfolio, each share of each portfolio would normally be entitled to one vote for all purposes. Generally, shares of all portfolios would vote as a single series on matters, such as the election of Directors, that affected both portfolios in substantially the same manner. As to matters affecting portfolios differently, such as approval of the Advisory Agreement and changes in investment policy, shares of each portfolio would vote as a separate series. The rights of the holders of shares of a series may not be modified except by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of such series. It is anticipated that annual shareholder meetings will not be held; shareholder meetings will be held only when required by federal or state law. Shareholders have available certain procedures for the removal of Directors. To the knowledge of the Fund, no persons owned, of record or beneficially, 5% or more of a class of the outstanding shares of the Fund as of January 8, 2015. Custodian --------- State Street Bank and Trust Company ("State Street"), 1 Iron Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, acts as the Fund's custodian for the assets of the Fund and as its accounting agent but plays no part in decisions as to the purchase or sale of portfolio securities. Subject to the supervision of the Directors, State Street may enter into sub-custodial agreements for the holding of the Fund's foreign securities. Principal Underwriter --------------------- AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Adviser, located at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105, is the principal underwriter of shares of the Fund. Under the Distribution Services Agreement between the Fund and ABI, the Fund has agreed to indemnify ABI, in the absence of its willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations thereunder, against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Counsel ------- Legal matters in connection with the issuance of the shares of Common Stock offered hereby are passed upon by Seward & Kissel LLP, 901 K Street NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20001. Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm --------------------------------------------- Ernst & Young LLP, 5 Times Square, New York, NY 10036, has been appointed as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Company. Code of Ethics and Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures ------------------------------------------------------- The Fund, the Adviser and ABI have each adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics permit personnel subject to the codes to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund. The Fund has adopted the Adviser's proxy voting policies and procedures. The Adviser's proxy voting policies and procedures are attached as Appendix A. Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies related to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling (800) 227-4618; or on or through the Fund's website at www.ABglobal.com; or both; and (2) on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. Additional Information ---------------------- Any shareholder inquiries may be directed to the shareholder's financial intermediary or to ABIS at the address or telephone number shown on the front cover of this SAI. This SAI does not contain all the information set forth in the Registration Statement filed by the Fund with the SEC under the Securities Act. Copies of the Registration Statement may be obtained at a reasonable charge from the SEC or may be examined, without charge, at the offices of the SEC in Washington, D.C.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The financial statements for the Company for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2014 and the report of Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, are incorporated herein by reference to the Company's annual report. The annual report was filed on Form N-CSR with the SEC on January 7, 2015. It is available without charge upon request by calling ABIS at (800) 227-4618 or on the Internet at www.ABglobal.com.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- APPENDIX A: STATEMENT OF POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR PROXY VOTING -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Introduction As an investment adviser, we are shareholder advocates and have a fiduciary duty to make investment decisions that are in our clients' best interests by maximizing the value of their shares. Proxy voting is an integral part of this process, through which we support strong corporate governance structures, shareholder rights, and transparency. We have an obligation to vote proxies in a timely manner and we apply the principles in this policy to our proxy decisions. We believe a company's environmental, social and governance ("ESG") practices may have a significant effect on the value of the company, and we take these factors into consideration when voting. For additional information regarding our ESG policies and practices, please refer to our firm's Statement of Policy Regarding Responsible Investment ("RI Policy"). This Proxy Voting Policy ("Proxy Voting Policy" or "Policy"), which outlines our policies for proxy voting and includes a wide range of issues that often appear on proxies, applies to all of AllianceBernstein's investment management subsidiaries and investment services groups investing on behalf of clients globally. It is intended for use by those involved in the proxy voting decision-making process and those responsible for the administration of proxy voting ("Proxy Managers"), in order to ensure that our proxy voting policies and procedures are implemented consistently. We sometimes manage accounts where proxy voting is directed by clients or newly-acquired subsidiary companies. In these cases, voting decisions may deviate from this Policy. 2. Research Underpins Decision Making As a research-driven firm, we approach our proxy voting responsibilities with the same commitment to rigorous research and engagement that we apply to all of our investment activities. The different investment philosophies utilized by our investment teams may occasionally result in different conclusions being drawn regarding certain proposals and, in turn, may result in the Proxy Manager making different voting decisions on the same proposal. Nevertheless, the Proxy Manager votes proxies with the goal of maximizing the value of the securities in client portfolios. In addition to our firm-wide proxy voting policies, we have a Proxy Committee, which provides oversight and includes senior investment professionals from Equities, Legal personnel and Operations personnel. It is the responsibility of the Proxy Committee to evaluate and maintain proxy voting procedures and guidelines, to evaluate proposals and issues not covered by these guidelines, to consider changes in policy, and to review the Proxy Voting Policy no less frequently than annually. In addition, the Proxy Committee meets as necessary to address special situations. Research Services We subscribe to the corporate governance and proxy research services of Institutional Shareholder Services ("ISS"). All our investment professionals can access these materials via the Proxy Manager and/or Proxy Committee. Engagement In evaluating proxy issues and determining our votes, we welcome and seek out the points of view of various parties. Internally, the Proxy Manager may consult the Proxy Committee, Chief Investment Officers, Directors of Research, and/or Research Analysts across our equities platforms, and Portfolio Managers in whose managed accounts a stock is held. Externally, the Proxy Manager may engage with company management, company directors, interest groups, shareholder activists, other shareholders and research providers. 3. Proxy Voting Guidelines Our proxy voting guidelines are principles-based rather than rules-based. We adhere to a core set of principles that are described in this Proxy Voting Policy. We assess each proxy proposal in light of these principles. Our proxy voting "litmus test" will always be what we view as most likely to maximize long-term shareholder value. We believe that authority and accountability for setting and executing corporate policies, goals and compensation generally should rest with the board of directors and senior management. In return, we support strong investor rights that allow shareholders to hold directors and management accountable if they fail to act in the best interests of shareholders. With this as a backdrop, our proxy voting guidelines pertaining to specific issues are set forth below. We generally vote proposals in accordance with these guidelines but, consistent with our "principles-based" approach to proxy voting, we may deviate from the guidelines if warranted by the specific facts and circumstances of the situation (i.e., if, under the circumstances, we believe that deviating from our stated policy is necessary to help maximize long-term shareholder value). In addition, these guidelines are not intended to address all issues that may appear on all proxy ballots. Proposals not specifically addressed by these guidelines, whether submitted by management or shareholders, will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, always keeping in mind our fiduciary duty to make voting decisions that, by maximizing long-term shareholder value, are in our clients' best interests. 3.1 Board and Director Proposals ---------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Changes in Board Structure and Amending the Articles of Incorporation For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Companies may propose various provisions with respect to the structure of the board of directors, including changing the manner in which board vacancies are filled, directors are nominated and the number of directors. Such proposals may require amending the charter or by-laws or may otherwise require shareholder approval. When these proposals are not controversial or meant as an anti-takeover device, which is generally the case, we vote in their favor. However, if we believe a proposal is intended as an anti-takeover device, we generally vote against. Other changes in a company's charter, articles of incorporation or by-laws are usually technical or administrative in nature. Absent a compelling reason to the contrary, we will support such proposals. However, we may oppose proposals that would permit management to establish the size of the board outside a specified range without shareholder approval. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Classified Boards Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A classified board typically is divided into three separate classes. Each class holds office for a term of two or three years. Only a portion of the board can be elected or replaced each year. Because this type of proposal has fundamental anti-takeover implications, we oppose the adoption of classified boards unless there is a justifiable financial reason or an adequate sunset provision exists. However, where a classified board already exists, we will not oppose directors who sit on such boards for that reason. We will vote against directors that fail to implement shareholder approved proposals to declassify boards. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. Director Liability and Indemnification Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Some companies argue that increased indemnification and decreased liability for directors are important to ensure the continued availability of competent directors. However, others argue that the risk of such personal liability minimizes the propensity for corruption and recklessness. We generally support indemnification provisions that are consistent with the local jurisdiction in which the company has been formed. We vote in favor of proposals adopting indemnification for directors with respect to acts conducted in the normal course of business. We also vote in favor of proposals that expand coverage for directors and officers where, despite an unsuccessful legal defense, we believe the director or officer acted in good faith and in the best interests of the company. We oppose indemnification for gross negligence. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. Disclose CEO Succession Plan (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proposals like these are often suggested by shareholders of companies with long-tenured CEOs and/or high employee turnover rates. Even though some markets might not require the disclosure of a CEO succession plan, we do think it is good business practice and will support these proposals. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. Election of Directors For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We generally vote in favor of the management-proposed slate of directors. However, we may not do so if we determine that there are compelling reasons to oppose directors (see below) or there is a proxy contest for seats on the board. We believe that directors have a duty to respond to shareholder actions that have received significant shareholder support. We may vote against directors (or withhold votes for directors if plurality voting applies) who fail to act on key issues, such as failure to implement proposals to declassify boards, failure to implement a majority vote requirement, failure to submit a rights plan to a shareholder vote and failure to act on tender offers where a majority of shareholders have tendered their shares (provided we supported, or would have supported, the original proposal). In addition, we oppose directors who fail to attend at least 75% of board meetings within a given year without a reasonable excuse. Also, we may consider the number of boards on which a director sits and/or their length of service on a particular board. Finally, we may abstain or vote against (depending on a company's history of disclosure in this regard) directors of issuers where there is insufficient information about the nominees disclosed in the proxy statement. We believe companies should have a majority of independent directors and independent key committees. However, we will consider local market regulation as part of our decision. We will generally regard a director as independent if the director satisfies the criteria for independence (i) espoused by the primary exchange on which the company's shares are traded, or (ii) set forth in the code we determine to be best practice in the country where the subject company is domiciled. We generally vote against directors who, during the previous fiscal year, failed to act on a majority supported shareholder proposal or engaged in what we believe to be a poor governance practice. We may also consider engaging company management (by phone, in writing and in person), until any issues have been satisfactorily resolved. We may vote against directors for poor compensation practices. In our view, poor compensation practices include, for example, permitting option re-pricing without prior shareholder approval, providing continuous perquisites to an executive officer and his or her dependents after the officer is no longer employed by the company, adjusting performance-based diminished payouts with supplemental cash payments, eliminating performance goals for executive officers and crediting additional years of service to current executives for the purpose of enhancing the executive's pension benefit. However, because we do not believe that permitting executive officers to receive dividends on unearned performance shares is a poor compensation practice, we will not oppose directors who permit this practice. We consider the election of directors who are "bundled" on a single slate on a case-by-case basis considering the amount of information available and an assessment of the group's qualifications. a. Controlled Company Exemption Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------- Companies where more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company, need not comply with the requirement to have a majority of independent directors and independent key committees. Conversely, we will vote against directors for failure to adhere to such independence standards where shareholders with a majority voting interest have a minority economic interest. Exchanges in certain jurisdictions do not have a controlled company exemption (or something similar). In such a jurisdiction, if a company has a majority shareholder or group of related majority shareholders with a majority economic interest, we generally will not oppose that company's directors simply because the board does not include a majority of independent members. We will, however, consider these directors in a negative light if the company has a history of violating the rights of minority shareholders. b. Voting for Director Nominees in a Contested Election Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------- Votes in a contested election of directors are evaluated on a case-by-case basis with the goal of maximizing shareholder value. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6. Establish Additional Board Committees (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We believe that establishing committees should be the prerogative of a well-functioning board of directors. However, we may support shareholder proposals to establish additional board committees to address specific shareholder issues, including ESG issues. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7. Independent Lead Director (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We support shareholder proposals that request a company to amend its by-laws to establish an independent lead director, if the positions of chairman and CEO are not separated. We view the existence of an independent lead director as a good example of the sufficient counter-balancing governance. If a company has an independent lead director in place, we will generally oppose a proposal to separate the positions of chairman and CEO. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8. Limit Term of Directorship; Establish Mandatory Retirement Case-by-case Age (SHP) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These proposals seek to limit the term during which a director may serve on a board to a set number of years and/or establish an age at which a director is no longer eligible to serve on the board. Proponents believe term limits and forced retirement help ensure that new ideas are introduced to the company. Opponents argue that director turnover decreases board stability. Taking into consideration local market practice, we generally believe that a director's qualifications, not length of service, should be the primary factor considered. Accordingly, we generally oppose proposals that seek to either limit the term during which a director may serve on a company's board or force a director's retirement at a certain age. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9. Majority of Independent(1) Directors (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Each company's board of directors has a duty to act in the best interest of the company's shareholders at all times. We believe that these interests are best served by having directors who bring objectivity to the company and are free from potential conflicts of interests. Accordingly, we support proposals seeking a majority of independent directors on the board. While we are aware of the listing requirements of the NYSE and NASDAQ (which require companies to have a majority of independent directors on their board), we will support such proposals regardless of where the company is listed. -------- (1) For purposes of this Policy, an independent director is one that meets the requirements of independence pursuant to the listing standards of the exchange on which the common stock is listed. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10. Majority of Independent Directors on Key Committees (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In order to ensure that those who evaluate management's performance, recruit directors and set management's compensation are free from conflicts of interests, we believe that the audit(2), nominating/governance, and compensation committees should be composed of a majority of independent directors. While we are aware of the listing requirements of the NYSE and NASDAQ (that generally require fully independent nominating and compensation committees), we will support such proposals regardless of where the company is listed. However, in order to allow companies an opportunity to select qualified candidates for these important board positions, at this time we will not oppose inside directors that sit on these committees. -------- (2) Pursuant to the SEC rules, adopted pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as of October 31, 2004, each U.S. listed issuer must have a fully independent audit committee. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11. Majority Votes for Directors (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We believe that good corporate governance requires shareholders to have a meaningful voice in the affairs of the company. This objective is strengthened if directors are elected by a majority of votes cast at an annual meeting rather than by the plurality method commonly used. With plurality voting a director could be elected by a single affirmative vote even if the rest of the votes were withheld. We further believe that majority voting provisions will lead to greater director accountability. Therefore, we support shareholder proposals that companies amend their by-laws to provide that director nominees be elected by an affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast, provided the proposal includes a carve-out to provide for plurality voting in contested elections where the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12. Prohibit CEOs from Serving on Compensation Committees (SHP) Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These proposals seek to require a board of directors to adopt a policy prohibiting current and former chief executive officers of other public companies from serving on that company's compensation committee. Proponents argue that having a current or former CEO serving on a compensation committee presents an inherent conflict of interest because the CEO is likely to support inflated compensation for his or her peers. Opponents argue, and we agree, that permitting CEOs to serve on compensation committees has merit because their experience with compensation matters (including oversight of executive pay) may be invaluable to a board. Accordingly, we generally oppose proposals seeking to prohibit CEOs from serving on compensation committees. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13. Removal of Directors Without Cause (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Company by-laws sometimes define cause very narrowly, including only conditions of criminal indictment, final adverse adjudication that fiduciary duties were breached or incapacitation, while also providing shareholders with the right to remove directors only upon "cause". We believe that the circumstances under which shareholders have the right to remove directors should not be limited to those traditionally defined by companies as "cause". We also believe that shareholders should have the right to conduct a vote to remove directors who fail to perform in a manner consistent with their fiduciary duties or representative of shareholders' best interests. And, while we would prefer shareholder proposals that seek to broaden the definition of "cause" to include situations like these, we generally support proposals that would provide shareholders with the right to remove directors without cause. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14. Require Independent Board Chairman (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We believe there can be benefits to having the positions of chairman and CEO combined as well as split. When the position is combined the company must have sufficient counter-balancing governance in place, generally through a strong lead director. Also, for companies with smaller market capitalizations, separate chairman and CEO positions may not be practical. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15. Require Two Candidates for Each Board Seat (SHP) Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We believe that proposals like these are detrimental to a company's ability to attract highly qualified candidates. Accordingly, we oppose them. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16. Stock Ownership Requirement (SHP) Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These proposals require directors to own a minimum amount of company stock in order to qualify as a director, or to remain on the board. We do not believe stock ownership is necessary to align the interests of directors and shareholders. Accordingly, we oppose these proposals. 3.2 Compensation Proposals ---------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17. Accelerated Vesting of Equity Compensation Awards-Change Case-by-case of Control (SHP) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We examine proposals to prohibit accelerated vesting of equity awards in the event of a change in control on a case-by-case basis. If a change in control is triggered at or above a 50% ownership level, we generally support accelerated vesting. If, however, a change in control is triggered at less than 50% ownership, we generally oppose accelerated vesting. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18. Adopt Form of Employment Contract (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These proposals ask companies to adhere to certain principles when drafting employment contracts for executives. We will review the criteria requested and consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19. Adopt Policies to Prohibit any Death Benefits to Senior Against Executives (SHP) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We view these bundled proposals as too restrictive and conclude that blanket restrictions on any and all such benefits, including the payment of life insurance premiums for senior executives, could put a company at a competitive disadvantage. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20. Advisory Vote to Ratify Directors' Compensation (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Similar to advisory votes on executive compensation, shareholders may request a non-binding advisory vote to approve compensation given to board members which we evaluate on a case-by-case basis. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21. Amend Executive Compensation Plan tied to Performance Against (Bonus Banking) (SHP) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These proposals seek to force a company to amend executive compensation plans such that compensation awards tied to performance are deferred for shareholder specified and extended periods of time. As a result, awards may be adjusted downward if performance goals achieved during the vesting period are not sustained during the added deferral period. We believe that most companies have adequate vesting schedules and clawbacks in place. Under such circumstances, we will oppose these proposals. However, if a company does not have what we believe to be adequate vesting and/or clawback requirements, we decide these proposals on a case-by-case basis. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22. Approve Remuneration for Directors and Auditors Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We will vote on a case-by-case basis where we are asked to approve remuneration for directors or auditors. However, where disclosure relating to the details of such remuneration is inadequate or provided without sufficient time for us to consider our vote, we may abstain or vote against, depending on the adequacy of the company's prior disclosures in this regard. Where appropriate, we engage the company directly. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23. Approve Remuneration Reports Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In certain markets, (e.g., Australia, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States), publicly traded issuers are required by law to submit their company's remuneration report to a non-binding shareholder vote. The report contains, among other things, the nature and amount of the compensation of the directors and certain executive officers as well as a discussion of the company's performance. We evaluate remuneration reports on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the reasonableness of the company's compensation structure and the adequacy of the disclosure. Where a compensation plan permits retesting of performance-based awards, we will consider the specific terms of the plan, including the volatility of the industry and the number and duration of the retests. We may abstain or vote against a plan if disclosure of the remuneration details is inadequate or the report is not provided to shareholders with sufficient time prior to the meeting to consider its terms. In markets where remuneration reports are not required for all companies, we will support shareholder proposals asking the board to adopt a policy (i.e., "say on pay") that the company's shareholders be given the opportunity to vote on an advisory resolution to approve the compensation committee's report. Although say on pay votes are by nature only broad indications of shareholder views, they do lead to more compensation-related dialogue between management and shareholders and help ensure that management and shareholders meet their common objective: maximizing the value of the company. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24. Approve Retirement Bonuses for Directors Case-by-case (Japan and South Korea) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Retirement bonuses are normal practice in Japan and South Korea. Companies seek approval to give the board authority to grant retirement bonuses for directors and/or auditors and to leave the exact amount of bonuses to the board's discretion. We will analyze such proposals on a case-by-case basis, considering management's commitment to maximizing long-term shareholder value. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25. Approve Special Payments to Continuing Directors and Case-by-case Auditors (Japan) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In conjunction with the abolition of a company's retirement allowance system, we will generally support special payment allowances for continuing directors and auditors if there is no evidence of their independence becoming impaired. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26. Disclose Executive and Director Pay (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In December 2006 and again in February 2010, the SEC adopted rules requiring increased and/or enhanced compensation-related and corporate governance-related disclosure in proxy statements and Forms 10-K. Similar steps have been taken by regulators in foreign jurisdictions. We believe the rules enacted by the SEC and various foreign regulators generally ensure more complete and transparent disclosure. Therefore, while we will consider them on a case-by-case basis (analyzing whether there are any relevant disclosure concerns), we generally vote against shareholder proposals seeking additional disclosure of executive and director compensation, including proposals that seek to specify the measurement of performance-based compensation, if the company is subject to SEC rules or similar rules espoused by a regulator in a foreign jurisdiction. Similarly, we generally support proposals seeking additional disclosure of executive and director compensation if the company is not subject to any such rules. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27. Exclude Pension Income from Performance-based Compensation (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We are aware that companies may seek to artificially inflate earnings based on questionable assumptions about pension income. Even though these practices are acceptable under the relevant accounting rules, we believe that pension income is not an acceptable way to increase executive pay and that management's discretion in estimating pension income is a potential conflict of interest. Accordingly, we support such proposals. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28. Executive and Employee Compensation Plans Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Executive and employee compensation plans ("Compensation Plans") usually are complex and are a major corporate expense, so we evaluate them carefully and on a case-by-case basis. In all cases, however, we assess each proposed Compensation Plan within the framework of four guiding principles, each of which ensures a company's Compensation Plan helps to align the long-term interests of management with shareholders: o Valid measures of business performance tied to the firm's strategy and shareholder value creation, which are clearly articulated and incorporate appropriate time periods, should be utilized; o Compensation costs should be managed in the same way as any other expense; o Compensation should reflect management's handling, or failure to handle, any recent social, environmental, governance, ethical or legal issue that had a significant adverse financial or reputational effect on the company; and o In granting compensatory awards, management should exhibit a history of integrity and decision-making based on logic and well thought out processes. Where disclosure relating to the details of Compensation Plans is inadequate or provided without sufficient time for us to consider our vote, we may abstain or vote against, depending on the adequacy of the company's prior disclosures in this regard. Where appropriate, we may raise the issue with the company directly or take other steps. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29. Limit Dividend Payments to Executives (SHP) Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We believe that management, within reason, should be given latitude in determining the mix and types of awards offered to executive officers. Therefore, we oppose withholding the dividend payment on restricted stock awards, even if the stock is unvested, when these awards are used as part of incentive compensation; we believe these awards serve as an effective means of executive reward and retention. We do, however, believe that it is acceptable for a company to accumulate dividends and tie their payment to the achievement of performance goals and to stipulate that the dividends are forfeited if the employee does not achieve his or her goal. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30. Limit Executive Pay (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We believe that management and directors, within reason, should be given latitude in determining the mix and types of awards offered to executive officers. We vote against shareholder proposals seeking to limit executive pay if we deem them too restrictive. Depending on our analysis of the specific circumstances, we are generally against requiring a company to adopt a policy prohibiting tax gross up payments to senior executives. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31. Mandatory Holding Periods (SHP) Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We generally vote against shareholder proposals asking companies to require a company's executives to hold stock for a specified period of time after acquiring that stock by exercising company-issued stock options (i.e., precluding "cashless" option exercises), unless we believe implementing a mandatory holding period is necessary to help resolve underlying problems at a company that have hurt, and may continue to hurt, shareholder value. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32. Pay Directors Only in Stock (SHP) Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As noted immediately above, we do not believe that stock ownership is necessary to align the interests of directors and shareholders. Further, we believe that the board should be given latitude in determining the mix and types of compensation offered to its members. Accordingly, we oppose these proposals. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33. Performance-based Stock Option Plans (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These shareholder proposals require a company to adopt a policy that all or a portion of future stock options granted to executives be performance-based. Performance-based options usually take the form of indexed options (where the option sale price is linked to the company's stock performance versus an industry index), premium priced options (where the strike price is significantly above the market price at the time of the grant) or performance vesting options (where options vest when the company's stock price exceeds a specific target). Proponents argue that performance-based options provide an incentive for executives to outperform the market as a whole and prevent management from being rewarded for average performance. We believe that management, within reason, should be given latitude in determining the mix and types of awards it offers. However, we recognize the benefit of linking a portion of executive compensation to certain types of performance benchmarks. While we will not support proposals that require all options to be performance-based, we will generally support proposals that require a portion of options granted to senior executives be performance-based. However, because performance-based options can also result in unfavorable tax treatment and the company may already have in place an option plan that sufficiently ties executive stock option plans to the company's performance, we will consider such proposals on a case-by-case basis. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34. Prohibit Relocation Benefits to Senior Executives (SHP) Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We do not consider such perquisites to be problematic pay practices as long as they are properly disclosed. Therefore we will vote against shareholder proposals asking to prohibit relocation benefits. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35. Recovery of Performance-based Compensation (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We generally support shareholder proposals requiring the board to seek recovery of performance-based compensation awards to senior management and directors in the event of a financial restatement (whether for fraud or other reasons) that resulted in their failure to achieve past performance targets. In deciding how to vote, we consider the adequacy of existing company clawback policy, if any. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36. Single Trigger Change-in-Control Agreements (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Companies often include single trigger change-in-control provisions (e.g., a provision stipulating that an employee's unvested equity awards become fully vested upon a change-in-control of the company without any additional requirement) in employment agreements and compensation plans. We will not oppose directors who establish these provisions, nor will we oppose compensation plans that include them. However, we will examine on a case-by-case basis shareholder proposals calling for future employment agreements and compensation plans to include double trigger change-in-control provisions (e.g., a provision stipulating that an employee's unvested equity awards become fully vested only after a change-in-control of the company and termination of employment). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37. Submit Golden Parachutes/Severance Plans to a Case-by-case Shareholder Vote (SHP) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Golden Parachutes assure key officers of a company lucrative compensation packages if the company is acquired and/or if the new owners terminate such officers. We recognize that offering generous compensation packages that are triggered by a change in control may help attract qualified officers. However, such compensation packages cannot be so excessive that they are unfair to shareholders or make the company unattractive to potential bidders, thereby serving as a constructive anti-takeover mechanism. Accordingly, we support proposals to submit severance plans (including supplemental retirement plans) that exceed 2.99 times the sum of an executive officer's base salary plus bonus, and that are triggered by a change in control, to a shareholder vote, but we review proposals to ratify or redeem such plans on a case-by-case basis. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38. Submit Golden Parachutes/Severance Plans to a Shareholder Case-by-case Vote prior to their being Negotiated by Management (SHP) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We believe that in order to attract qualified employees, companies must be free to negotiate compensation packages without shareholder interference. Shareholders must then be given an opportunity to analyze a compensation plan's final, material terms in order to ensure it is within acceptable limits. Accordingly, we generally oppose proposals that require submitting severance plans and/or employment contracts for a shareholder vote prior to being negotiated by management. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39. Submit Option Re-pricing to a Shareholder Vote (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Re-pricing underwater options reduces the incentive value of stock compensation plans and dilutes shareholder value. Consequently, we support shareholder proposals that seek to require a company to submit option re-pricing to a shareholder vote. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40. Submit Survivor Benefit Compensation Plan to Shareholder Vote (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Survivor benefit compensation plans, or "golden coffins", can require a company to make substantial payments or awards to a senior executive's beneficiaries following the death of the senior executive. The compensation can take the form of unearned salary or bonuses, accelerated vesting or the continuation in force of unvested equity grants, perquisites and other payments or awards. This compensation would not include compensation that the senior executive chooses to defer during his or her lifetime. We recognize that offering generous compensation packages that are triggered by the passing of senior executives may help attract qualified officers. However, such compensation packages cannot be so excessive that they are unfair to shareholders or make the company unattractive to potential bidders, thereby serving as a constructive anti-takeover mechanism. 3.3 Capital Changes and Anti-Takeover Proposals ------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41. Amend Exclusive Forum Bylaw (SHP) Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We will generally oppose proposals that ask the board to repeal the company's exclusive forum bylaw. Such bylaws require certain legal action against the company to take place in the state of the company's incorporation. The courts within the state of incorporation are considered best suited to interpret that state's laws. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42. Amend Net Operating Loss ("NOL") Rights Plans For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOL Rights Plans are established to protect a company's net operating loss carry forwards and tax credits, which can be used to offset future income. We believe this is a reasonable strategy for a company to employ. Accordingly, we will vote in favor of NOL Rights Plans unless we believe the terms of the NOL Rights Plan may provide for a longterm anti-takeover device. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43. Authorize Share Repurchase For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We generally support share repurchase proposals that are part of a well-articulated and well-conceived capital strategy. We assess proposals to give the board unlimited authorization to repurchase shares on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, we would generally support the use of derivative instruments (e.g., put options and call options) as part of a share repurchase plan absent a compelling reason to the contrary. Also, absent a specific concern at the company, we will generally support a repurchase plan that could be continued during a takeover period. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44. Blank Check Preferred Stock Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Blank check preferred stock proposals authorize the issuance of certain preferred stock at some future point in time and allow the board to establish voting, dividend, conversion and other rights at the time of issuance. While blank check preferred stock can provide a corporation with the flexibility needed to meet changing financial conditions, it also may be used as the vehicle for implementing a "poison pill" defense or some other entrenchment device. We are concerned that, once this stock has been authorized, shareholders have no further power to determine how or when it will be allocated. Accordingly, we generally oppose this type of proposal. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45. Corporate Restructurings, Merger Proposals and Spin-Offs Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proposals requesting shareholder approval of corporate restructurings, merger proposals and spin-offs are determined on a case-by-case basis. In evaluating these proposals and determining our votes, we are singularly focused on meeting our goal of maximizing long-term shareholder value. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46. Elimination of Preemptive Rights Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Preemptive rights allow the shareholders of the company to buy newly-issued shares before they are offered to the public in order to maintain their percentage ownership. AllianceBernstein believes that, because preemptive rights are an important shareholder right, careful scrutiny must be given to management's attempts to eliminate them. However, because preemptive rights can be prohibitively expensive to widely-held companies, the benefit of such rights will be weighed against the economic effect of maintaining them. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47. Expensing Stock Options (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. generally-accepted accounting principles require companies to expense stock options, as do the accounting rules in many other jurisdictions (including those jurisdictions that have adopted IFRS -- international financial reporting standards). If a company is domiciled in a jurisdiction where the accounting rules do not already require the expensing of stock options, we will support shareholder proposals requiring this practice and disclosing information about it. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48. Fair Price Provisions Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A fair price provision in the company's charter or by laws is designed to ensure that each shareholder's securities will be purchased at the same price if the corporation is acquired under a plan not agreed to by the board. In most instances, the provision requires that any tender offer made by a third party must be made to all shareholders at the same price. Fair pricing provisions attempt to prevent the "two tiered front loaded offer" where the acquirer of a company initially offers a premium for a sufficient percentage of shares of the company to gain control and subsequently makes an offer for the remaining shares at a much lower price. The remaining shareholders have no choice but to accept the offer. The two tiered approach is coercive as it compels a shareholder to sell his or her shares immediately in order to receive the higher price per share. This type of tactic has caused many states to adopt fair price provision statutes to restrict this practice. We consider fair price provisions on a case-by-case basis. We oppose any provision where there is evidence that management intends to use the provision as an anti-takeover device as well as any provision where the shareholder vote requirement is greater than a majority of disinterested shares (i.e., shares beneficially owned by individuals other than the acquiring party). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49. Increase Authorized Common Stock Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In general we regard increases in authorized common stock as serving a legitimate corporate purpose when used to: implement a stock split, aid in a recapitalization or acquisition, raise needed capital for the firm, or provide for employee savings plans, stock option plans or executive compensation plans. That said, we may oppose a particular proposed increase if we consider the authorization likely to lower the share price (this would happen, for example, if the firm were proposing to use the proceeds to overpay for an acquisition, to invest in a project unlikely to earn the firm's cost of capital, or to compensate employees well above market rates). We oppose increases in authorized common stock where there is evidence that the shares are to be used to implement a "poison pill" or another form of anti-takeover device, or if the issuance of new shares would, in our judgment, excessively dilute the value of the outstanding shares upon issuance. In addition, a satisfactory explanation of a company's intentions - going beyond the standard "general corporate purposes" - must be disclosed in the proxy statement for proposals requesting an increase of greater than 100% of the shares outstanding. We view the use of derivatives, particularly warrants, as legitimate capital-raising instruments and apply these same principles to their use as we do to the authorization of common stock. Under certain circumstances where we believe it is important for shareholders to have an opportunity to maintain their proportional ownership, we may oppose proposals requesting shareholders approve the issuance of additional shares if those shares do not include preemptive rights. In Hong Kong, it is common for companies to request board authority to issue new shares up to 20% of outstanding share capital. The authority typically lapses after one year. We may vote against plans that do not prohibit issuing shares at a discount, taking into account whether a company has a history of doing so. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50. Issuance of Equity without Preemptive Rights For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We are generally in favor of issuances of equity without preemptive rights of up to 30% of a company's outstanding shares unless there is concern that the issuance will be used in a manner that could hurt shareholder value (e.g., issuing the equity at a discount from the current market price or using the equity to help create a "poison pill" mechanism). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51. Issuance of Stock with Unequal Voting Rights Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Unequal voting rights plans are designed to reduce the voting power of existing shareholders and concentrate a significant amount of voting power in the hands of management. In the majority of instances, they serve as an effective deterrent to takeover attempts. These structures, however, may be beneficial, allowing management to focus on longer-term value creation, which benefits all shareholders. AllianceBernstein evaluates these proposals on a case-by-case basis and takes into consideration the alignment of management incentives with appropriate performance, metrics, and the effectiveness of the company's strategy. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52. Net Long Position Requirement For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We support proposals that require the ownership level needed to call a special meeting to be based on the net long position of a shareholder or shareholder group. This standard ensures that a significant economic interest accompanies the voting power. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53. Opt Out of State Anti-takeover Law (US) (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Many states have enacted anti-takeover laws requiring an acquirer to obtain a supermajority of a company's stock in order to exercise control. For example, under Delaware law, absent board approval, a bidder must acquire at least 85% of a company's stock before the bidder can exercise control. Such laws represent a formidable takeover defense for companies because by simply placing 15% of the stock in "friendly" hands, a company can block an otherwise successful takeover attempt that may be in the best interests of the shareholders. These statutes often allow companies to opt-out of this law with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares. Shareholders proposing opt out resolutions argue that these anti-takeover laws grant the board too much power to determine a matter that should be left to the shareholders. Critics of such proposals argue that opt-out provisions do not prevent takeovers but, rather, provide the board with an opportunity to negotiate a better deal for all shareholders. Because each state's anti-takeover laws are different and must be considered in the totality of all of a company's takeover defenses, we review these proposals on a case-by-case basis. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54. Reincorporation Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- There are many valid business reasons a corporation may choose to reincorporate in another jurisdiction. We perform a case-by-case review of such proposals, taking into consideration management's stated reasons for the proposed move. Careful scrutiny also will be given to proposals that seek approval to reincorporate in countries that serve as tax havens. We recognize that such provisions can help facilitate the growth of a company's business and potentially can benefit shareholders when a company lowers its tax liability. When evaluating such proposals, we consider factors such as the location of the company's business, the statutory protections available in the country to enforce shareholder rights and the tax consequences of the reincorporation to shareholders. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55. Reincorporation to Another jurisdiction to Permit Case-by-case Majority Voting or Other Changes in Corporate Governance (SHP) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If a shareholder proposes that a company move to a jurisdiction where majority voting (among other shareholder-friendly conditions) is permitted, we will generally oppose the move notwithstanding the fact that we favor majority voting for directors. Our rationale is that the legal costs, taxes, other expenses and other factors, such as business disruption, in almost all cases would be material and outweigh the benefit of majority voting. If, however, we should find that these costs are not material and/or do not outweigh the benefit of majority voting, we may vote in favor of this kind of proposal. We will evaluate similarly proposals that would require reincorporation in another state to accomplish other changes in corporate governance. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56. Stock Splits For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stock splits are intended to increase the liquidity of a company's common stock by lowering the price, thereby making the stock seem more attractive to small investors. We generally vote in favor of stock split proposals. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57. Submit Company's Shareholder Rights Plan to Shareholder Vote (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Most shareholder rights plans (also known as "poison pills") permit the shareholders of a target company involved in a hostile takeover to acquire shares of the target company, the acquiring company, or both, at a substantial discount once a "triggering event" occurs. A triggering event is usually a hostile tender offer or the acquisition by an outside party of a certain percentage of the target company's stock. Because most plans exclude the hostile bidder from the purchase, the effect in most instances is to dilute the equity interest and the voting rights of the potential acquirer once the plan is triggered. A shareholder rights plan is designed to discourage potential acquirers from acquiring shares to make a bid for the issuer. We believe that measures that impede takeovers or entrench management not only infringe on the rights of shareholders but also may have a detrimental effect on the value of the company. We support shareholder proposals that seek to require the company to submit a shareholder rights plan to a shareholder vote. We evaluate on a case-by-case basis proposals to implement or eliminate a shareholder rights plan. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58. Transferrable Stock Options Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In cases where a compensation plan includes a transferable stock option program, we will consider the plan on a case-by-case basis. These programs allow stock options to be transferred to third parties in exchange for cash or stock. In effect, management becomes insulated from the downside risk of holding a stock option, while the ordinary shareholder remains exposed to downside risk. This insulation may unacceptably remove management's exposure to downside risk, which significantly misaligns management and shareholder interests. Accordingly, we generally vote against these programs if the transfer can be executed without shareholder approval, is available to executive officers or non-employee directors, or we consider the available disclosure relating to the mechanics and structure of the program to be insufficient to determine the costs, benefits and key terms of the program. 3.4 Auditor Proposals ----------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59. Appointment of Auditors For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We believe that the company is in the best position to choose its accounting firm, and we generally support management's recommendation. We recognize that there may be inherent conflicts when a company's independent auditors perform substantial non-audit related services for the company. Therefore, in reviewing a proposed auditor, we will consider the amount of fees paid for non-audit related services performed compared to the total audit fees paid by the company to the auditing firm, and whether there are any other reasons for us to question the independence or performance of the firm's auditor. We generally will deem as excessive the non-audit fees paid by a company to its auditor if those fees account for 50% or more of total fees paid. The UK market is an exception where 100% is the threshold due to market demanded auditing. Under these circumstances, we generally vote against the auditor and the directors, in particular the members of the company's audit committee. In addition, we generally vote against authorizing the audit committee to set the remuneration of such auditors. We exclude from this analysis non-audit fees related to IPOs, bankruptcy emergence, and spin-offs and other extraordinary events. We may abstain due to a lack of disclosure of who the auditor is. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60. Approval of Financial Statements For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In some markets, companies are required to submit their financial statements for shareholder approval. This is generally a routine item and, as such, we will vote for the approval of financial statements unless there are appropriate reasons to vote otherwise. We may abstain if the information is not available in advance of the meeting. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61. Approval of Internal Statutory Auditors For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Some markets (e.g., Japan) require the annual election of internal statutory auditors. Internal statutory auditors have a number of duties, including supervising management, ensuring compliance with the articles of association and reporting to a company's board on certain financial issues. In most cases, the election of internal statutory auditors is a routine item and we will support management's nominee provided that the nominee meets the regulatory requirements for serving as internal statutory auditors. However, we may vote against nominees who are designated independent statutory auditors who serve as executives of a subsidiary or affiliate of the issuer or if there are other reasons to question the independence of the nominees. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62. Limit Compensation Consultant Services (SHP) Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These proposals seek to restrict a company from engaging a consultant retained to advise the board on compensation matters to provide the company with other services other than compensation consulting if such consultant already has been engaged to provide compensation consulting. In February 2010, the SEC adopted final rules regarding disclosure enhancements in proxy statements and Forms 10K. One such rule requires disclosure of the fees paid to compensation consultants and their affiliates if they provide consulting services relating to executive officer compensation and additional services, if the cost of such additional services exceeds $120,000. The rule does not, however, restrict a company from acquiring both kinds of services from a compensation consultant. We agree with the SEC that companies should be required to disclose payments exceeding $120,000 to compensation consultants for services other than executive compensation consulting services, and we do not believe company boards should be subject to any additional restrictions or requirements. Accordingly, we oppose these proposals. We generally apply these principles for non-US companies as well. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63. Limitation of Liability of External Statutory Case-by-case Auditors (Japan) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In Japan, companies may limit the liability of external statutory auditors in the event of a shareholder lawsuit through any of three mechanisms: (i) submitting the proposed limits to shareholder vote; (ii) setting limits by modifying the company's articles of incorporation; and (iii) setting limits in contracts with outside directors, outside statutory auditors and external audit firms (requires a modification to the company's articles of incorporation). A vote by 3% or more of shareholders can nullify a limit set through the second mechanism. The third mechanism has historically been the most prevalent. We review proposals to set limits on auditor liability on a case-by-case basis, considering whether such a provision is necessary to secure appointment and whether it helps to maximize long-term shareholder value. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64. Separating Auditors and Consultants (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We believe that a company serves its shareholders' interests by avoiding potential conflicts of interest that might interfere with an auditor's independent judgment. SEC rules adopted as a result of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 attempted to address these concerns by prohibiting certain services by a company's independent auditors and requiring additional disclosure of others services. We evaluate on a case-by-case basis proposals that go beyond the SEC rules or other local market standards by prohibiting auditors from performing other non-audit services or calling for the board to adopt a policy to ensure auditor independence. We take into consideration the policies and procedures the company already has in place to ensure auditor independence and non-audit fees as a percentage of total fees paid to the auditor are not excessive. 3.5 Shareholder Access and Voting Proposals --------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65. A Shareholder's Right to Call Special Meetings (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Most state corporation statutes (though not Delaware, where many U.S. issuers are domiciled) allow shareholders to call a special meeting when they want to take action on certain matters that arise between regularly-scheduled annual meetings. This right may apply only if a shareholder, or a group of shareholders, owns a specified percentage of the outstanding shares. (Ten percent is common among states, although one state sets the threshold as high as forty percent.) We recognize the importance of the right of shareholders to remove poorly-performing directors, respond to takeover offers and take other actions without having to wait for the next annual meeting. However, we also believe it is important to protect companies and shareholders from nuisance proposals. We further believe that striking a balance between these competing interests will maximize shareholder value. Accordingly, we will generally support a proposal to call a special meeting if the proposing shareholder owns, or the proposing shareholders as a group own, 10% or more of the outstanding voting equity of the company. From time to time we may receive requests to join with other shareholders for purposes of meeting an ownership requirement necessary to call a special meeting. Similarly, we may receive other requests to join a voting block for purposes of influencing management. If the third parties requesting our participation are not affiliated with us and have no business relationships with us, we will consider the request on a case-by-case basis. However, where the requesting party has a business relationship with us (e.g., the requesting party is a client or a significant service provider), agreeing to such a request may pose a potential conflict of interest. As a fiduciary we have an obligation to vote proxies in the best interest of our clients (without regard to our own interests in generating and maintaining business with our other clients) and given our desire to avoid even the appearance of a conflict, we will generally decline such a request. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 66. Adopt Cumulative Voting (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cumulative voting is a method of electing directors that enables each shareholder to multiply the number of his or her shares by the number of directors being considered. A shareholder may then cast the total votes for any one director or a selected group of directors. For example, a holder of 10 shares normally casts 10 votes for each of 12 nominees to the board thus giving the shareholder 120 (10 x 12) votes. Under cumulative voting, the shareholder may cast all 120 votes for a single nominee, 60 for two, 40 for three, or any other combination that the shareholder may choose. We believe that encouraging activism among shareholders generally is beneficial to shareholders and helps maximize shareholder value. Cumulative voting supports the interests of minority shareholders in contested elections by enabling them to concentrate their votes and dramatically increase their chances of electing a dissident director to a board. Accordingly, we generally will support shareholder proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting and we generally will oppose management proposals to eliminate cumulative voting. However, we may oppose cumulative voting if a company has in place both proxy access, which allows shareholders to nominate directors to the company's ballot, and majority voting (with a carve-out for plurality voting in situations where there are more nominees than seats), which requires each director to receive the affirmative vote of a majority of votes cast and, we believe, leads to greater director accountability to shareholders. Also, we support cumulative voting at controlled companies regardless of any other shareholder protections that may be in place. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67. Adopt Cumulative Voting in Dual Shareholder Class Structures (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In dual class structures (such as A&B shares) where the shareholders with a majority economic interest have a minority voting interest, we generally vote in favor of cumulative voting for those shareholders. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68. Early Disclosure of Voting Results (SHP) Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These proposals seek to require a company to disclose votes sooner than is required by the local market. In the US, the SEC requires disclosure in the first periodic report filed after the company's annual meeting which we believe is reasonable. We do not support requests that require disclosure earlier than the time required by the local regulator. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69. Implement Confidential Voting (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proponents of confidential voting argue that proxy voting should be conducted under the same rules of confidentiality as voting in political and other elections (by secret ballot), with an independent party verifying the results. They also argue that open balloting allows management to re-solicit shareholders and to urge--or sometimes coerce--them into changing their votes. Opponents argue that confidential voting makes it more difficult for a company to garner the necessary votes to conduct business (especially where a supermajority vote is required) because proxy solicitors cannot determine how individual shareholders voted. We support confidential voting before the actual vote has been cast, because we believe that voting on shareholder matters should be free of any potential for coercion or undue influence from the company or other interested parties. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70. Limiting a Shareholder's Right to Call Special Meetings Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Companies contend that limitations on shareholders' rights to call special meetings are needed to prevent minority shareholders from taking control of the company's agenda. However, such limits also have anti-takeover implications because they prevent a shareholder or a group of shareholders who have acquired a significant stake in the company from forcing management to address urgent issues, such as the potential sale of the company. Because most states prohibit shareholders from abusing this right, we see no justifiable reason for management to eliminate this fundamental shareholder right. Accordingly, we generally will vote against such proposals. In addition, if the board of directors, without shareholder consent, raises the ownership threshold a shareholder must reach before the shareholder can call a special meeting, we will vote against those directors. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71. Permit a Shareholder's Right to Act by Written Consent (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Action by written consent enables a large shareholder or group of shareholders to initiate votes on corporate matters prior to the annual meeting. We believe this is a fundamental shareholder right and, accordingly, will support shareholder proposals seeking to restore this right. However, in cases where a company has a majority shareholder or group of related majority shareholders with majority economic interest, we will oppose proposals seeking to restore this right as there is a potential risk of abuse by the majority shareholder or group of majority shareholders. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72. Proxy Access for Annual Meetings (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These proposals ask companies to give shareholders equal access to proxy materials in order to express their views on various proxy issues. Management often argues that shareholders already have significant access to the proxy as provided by law (i.e., the right to have shareholder proposals included in the proxy statement and the right to suggest director candidates to the nominating committee). Management also argues that it would be unworkable to open the proxy process because of the large number of shareholders who might wish to comment and because it would be impossible to screen out "nuisance" proposals. We have voted in favor of certain resolutions calling for enhancement of shareholders' ability to access proxy materials to increase corporate boards' attention to shareholder concerns. While we recognize that access must be limited in order to discourage frivolous proposals and those put forward by shareholders who may not have the best interests of all shareholders in mind, we believe that shareholders should have a meaningful ability to exercise their rights to vote for and nominate directors of the companies in which they invest. To this end, in the United States we supported SEC proxy reform in 2003 and 2007, and we supported the SEC's proposed proxy reform in 2009 intended to solve the problem of shareholders' limited ability to exercise their rights to nominate directors and have the nominations disclosed to and considered by shareholders. In 2010, the SEC adopted new rules requiring companies to include the nominees of "significant, long-term shareholders" in their proxy materials, alongside the nominees of management. Under the rules, shareholders are deemed "significant and longterm" if they own at least three percent of the company's shares continuously for at least the prior three years. However, in July 2011, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals vacated the SEC's 2010 rules (Exchange Act Rule 14a-11), finding that, in adopting the rule, the SEC violated the Administrative Procedure Act by failing to adequately consider the rule's effect on efficiency, competition and capital formation. We continue to monitor the situation. From time to time we may receive requests to join with other shareholders to support a shareholder action. We may, for example, receive requests to join a voting block for purposes of influencing management. If the third parties requesting our participation are not affiliated with us and have no business relationships with us, we will consider the request on a case-by-case basis. However, where the requesting party has a business relationship with us (e.g., the requesting party is a client or a significant service provider), agreeing to such a request may pose a potential conflict of interest. As a fiduciary we have an obligation to vote proxies in the best interest of our clients (without regard to our own interests in generating and maintaining business with our other clients) and given our desire to avoid even the appearance of a conflict, we will generally decline such a request. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73. Reduce Meeting Notification from 21 Days to 14 Days (U.K.) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Companies in the United Kingdom may, with shareholder approval, reduce the notice period for extraordinary general meetings from 21 days to 14 days. A reduced notice period expedites the process of obtaining shareholder approval of additional financing needs and other important matters. Accordingly, we support these proposals. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74. Rotation of Locale for Annual Meeting (SHP) Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proponents contend that the site of the annual meeting should be moved each year to a different locale in order to allow as many shareholders as possible to attend the annual meeting. Conversely, we believe the location of a company's annual meeting is best left to the discretion of management, unless there is evidence that the location of previous meetings was specifically chosen with the intention of making it more difficult for shareholders to participate in the meeting. Consequently, we generally oppose proposals calling for the locale of the annual meeting to rotate. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75. Shareholder Proponent Engagement Process (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We believe that proper corporate governance requires that proposals receiving support from a majority of shareholders be considered and implemented by the company. Accordingly, we support establishing an engagement process between shareholders and management to ensure proponents of majority-supported proposals, have an established means of communicating with management. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76. Supermajority Vote Requirements Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A supermajority vote requirement is a charter or by-law requirement that, when implemented, raises the percentage (higher than the customary simple majority) of shareholder votes needed to approve certain proposals, such as mergers, changes of control, or proposals to amend or repeal a portion of the Articles of Incorporation. In most instances, we oppose these proposals and support shareholder proposals that seek to reinstate the simple majority vote requirement. 3.6 Environmental, Social and Disclosure Proposals ---------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77. Adopt a Special Corporate Policy for SEC Rule 10b5-1 Against and Other Trading Plans (US) (SHP) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These shareholder proposals ask a company to adopt a special policy for trading by senior executives in addition to the requirements of SEC Rule 10b5-1 and other trading plans that govern their trading. Subject to the history of the company and any record of abuses, we are generally against requiring a company to adopt additional requirements. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 78. Adopt Guidelines for Country Selection (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These proposals seek to require a company to prepare a special report on how it selects the countries in which it operates. We will evaluate whether sufficient information about why a company operates in various jurisdictions is provided in annual reports and other company documents. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79. Amend EEO Statement to Include a Reference to Sexual For Orientation (US) (SHP) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We support proposals requiring a company to amend its Equal Employment Opportunity policies to specifically reference sexual orientation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80. Animal Testing (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proposals requiring companies to reduce reliance on animals for consumer product safety testing will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, taking into account practicality and business impact. Proposals requiring increased disclosure on the numbers of animals tested, the types of animals used and the types of tests performed will be generally voted in favor, while carefully considering any policies that are already in place at the company, and to what extent such policies meet the national standards. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81. Anti-Greenmail Proposal (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Greenmails, commonly referred to as "legal corporate blackmail," are payments made to a potential hostile acquirer who has accumulated a significant percentage of a company's stock. The company acquires the raider's stock at a premium in exchange for an agreement that the raider will not attempt to acquire control for a certain number of years. This practice discriminates against all other shareholders as only the hostile party receives payment, which is usually at a substantial premium over the market value of its shares. Anti-greenmail proposals seek to prevent greenmail by adopting amendments to the company's charter or by-laws that limit the ability of that company's board to acquire blocks of another company's stock at above-market prices. We vote in favor of an anti-greenmail proposal, provided the proposal has no other management initiated antitakeover features. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82. Charitable Contributions (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We generally support shareholder proposals relating to reporting charitable contributions. We will evaluate proposals seeking to restrict charitable contributions on a case-by-case basis. Proponents of such proposals argue that charitable contributions are an inappropriate use of company assets because the purpose of any corporation is to make a profit. Opponents argue that charitable contributions are a useful means for a company to create goodwill. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83. Genetically Altered or Engineered Food (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These proposals seek to require companies to label genetically modified organisms in a company's products or in some cases completely eliminate their use. Proponents argue that such measures should be required due to the possible health and safety issues surrounding the use of such products. Opponents point out that the use of such products helps improve crop yield, and implementing such proposals could have immediate negative economic effects on the company. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 84. Global Labor Standards (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These proposals ask companies to issue reports on their corporate standards for doing business abroad and to adopt mechanisms for ensuring vendor compliance with these standards. The standards include policies to ensure that workers are paid sustainable living wages and children are not used as forced labor. Generally, we vote in favor, but we carefully consider any policies that are already in place at the company, to what extent such policies meet the standards espoused by the International Labor Organization's Declaration of Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (and other relevant ILO conventions), and any evidence of prior abuse by the company. We will also ensure the practicality of such proposals. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85. Global Warming; Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proposals addressing environmental and energy concerns are plentiful. We will generally support proposals requesting greater disclosure, but proposals seeking to adopt specific emissions or environmental goals or metrics will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Topics can range from general environmental reports to more specific reports on topics such as greenhouse gas emissions, the release of radioactive materials, and the generation or use of nuclear energy. The scope of the requested reports or policies can also vary. Proponents of these proposals may seek information on the steps the company has taken to address the environmental concern in question, or they may also ask the company to detail any financial risk associated with environmental issues. Opponents of these proposals claim that complying with proponents' requests would be overly costly for, or unduly burdensome on, the company. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 86. Implement the MacBride Principles (Northern Ireland) (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The MacBride Principles aim to fight discriminatory anti Catholic employment practices in the British state of Northern Ireland. The Principles encourage U.S. companies to actively recruit Catholic employees and, where possible, groom them for management responsibilities. Companies are also asked to ensure job security for their Catholic employees and to abolish the use of inflammatory religious emblems. Supporters argue that the MacBride Principles effectively address Northern Ireland's inequalities in employment (in Northern Ireland, unemployment among Catholic men is twice as high as among Protestant men). Opponents contend that the adoption of the MacBride Principles is itself a form of reverse discrimination, which may violate British law. The British government is concerned that adoption of the MacBride Principles may increase the "hassle factor" of doing business in the economically troubled area and reduce the attractiveness of investments. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87. Include Sustainability as a Performance Measure (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We believe management and directors should be given latitude in determining appropriate performance measurements. Therefore, we will evaluate on a case-by-case basis proposals requesting companies to consider incorporating specific, measurable, practical goals consisting of sustainability principles and environmental impacts as metrics for incentive compensation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88. Military Issues (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These proposals ask companies involved in military production to report on future plans and to diversify or convert to the production of civilian goods and services. Opponents of these resolutions are concerned that conversion is not economically rational, and view the proposals as intrusions into management's decision making prerogative. Opponents also point to the imperative of a strong defense as reason enough to continue military production. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89. Nuclear Waste Disposal (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These resolutions ask companies to allocate a portion of the cost of building nuclear power plants for research into nuclear waste disposal. Proponents argue that, because the life span of certain waste byproducts exceeds current containment capabilities, the industry should concentrate more on waste management and disposal. While opponents acknowledge the need for research, they contend that the problem is overstated, and that some suggested containment programs are unnecessarily expensive. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90. Other Business Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In certain jurisdictions, these proposals allow management to act on issues that shareholders may raise at the annual meeting. Because it is impossible to know what issues may be raised, we will vote against these proposals. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 91. Pharmaceutical Pricing (US) (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These proposals seek to require a company to implement pricing restraints to make prescription drugs more affordable, both domestically and in third-world countries. Proponents argue that drug prices in the United States, considered to be among the highest in the world, make adequate medical care inaccessible to those other than the most affluent. Critics of such proposals argue that artificial price controls would reduce revenues, deter investors and ultimately reduce funds available for future research and development. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 92. Plant Closings (US) (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These proposals ask companies to create or expand programs to relocate workers displaced by a plant closing. Supporters of plant closing resolutions argue management should be more sensitive to employees both during the decision on closing a plant and in efforts at relocation. Companies generally respond that they already have programs to accommodate displaced workers. In addition, federal law now requires 60 days' advance notice of a major plant closing or layoff and a number of states also have applicable regulations. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 93. Reimbursement of Shareholder Proposal Expenses (SHP) Against -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These shareholder proposals would require companies to reimburse the expenses of shareholders who submit proposals that receive a majority of votes cast. We generally vote against these proposals. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 94. Report on Pay Disparity (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A report on pay disparity compares the total compensation of a company's executive officers with that of the company's lowest paid workers, including statistics and rationale pertaining to changes in the size of the gap, information on whether executive compensation is "excessive", and information on whether greater oversight is needed over certain aspects of the company's compensation policies. Proponents may note that executive compensation, in general, and the gap between executive compensation and the pay of a company's lowest paid employees, has grown significantly in recent years. They may also note that the gap between executive salary and the wage of the average employee at the company is significantly higher. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95. Report on Water Pollution Prevention Measures (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We will generally support proposals requesting a company report to shareholders on measures taken by the company to prevent runoff, wastewater and other forms of water pollution from the company's own (and its contractors') facilities, taking into account national legislation and practicality. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 96. Report on Workplace Diversity and/or Employment Policies (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Equal employment may refer to the right to be free from discrimination based on race, gender, sexual orientation, national origin, age or disability in the work force. Resolutions generally ask companies to report progress in complying with affirmative action laws. In assessing these proposals, we carefully consider any policies that are already in place at the company. However, we will also assure the practicality of such proposals. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 97. Reporting Political Contributions; Lobbying Expenses (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We generally vote in favor of proposals requesting increased disclosure of political contributions and lobbying expenses. By requiring reports to shareholders, proponents of these shareholder resolutions contend investors can help police wrongdoings in the political system and better evaluate the use of company resources. Critics of these proposals contend that reformers overstate the problem and that a company should play an active role in expressing its opinion about relevant legislation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98. Submit Political Spending Program to Shareholder Advisory Against Vote (SHP) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We generally vote against shareholder proposals requiring the board of directors to adopt a policy to provide shareholders with the opportunity to ratify a company's political spending program. We believe such proposals are overly intrusive on management's discretion. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99. Sustainability Report (SHP) For -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We generally support shareholder proposals calling for a sustainability report while taking into account the current reporting policies of the company as they relate to sustainability and whether having a report provides added benefits to shareholders. Sustainability is a business model that requires companies to balance the needs and interests of various stakeholders while concurrently sustaining their business, communities and the environment for future generations. Although many argue that the sustainable development concept is constantly evolving, core issues continue to revolve around ensuring the rights of future generations, adopting a long-term approach to business problems and strengthening the connections between the environment, society and the economy. This "triple bottom line" can be used as a framework for measuring and reporting corporate performance against economic, social and environmental parameters. However, the term can also encompass a set of values, issues and practices that companies must address in order to minimize harm, while simultaneously creating economic, social and environmental value. We evaluate these proposals on a case-by-case basis. Proponents of these proposals argue that investors are justified in seeking additional disclosure on companies' social and environmental performance because they affect shareholder value. Opponents argue that companies already include much of the information contained in a sustainability report in workplace policies and/or codes of ethics and post this information on their websites; supporting these proposals would therefore be unduly burdensome. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100. The CERES Principles (SHP) Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Many environmental proposals include a recommendation that companies adopt and report their compliance with the Coalition of Environmentally Responsible Economies (the "CERES" Principles). The CERES Principles are a set of ten principles committing the company to environmental improvement. Proponents argue that endorsement of the CERES principles gives a company greater public credibility than standards created by industry or government regulation alone. Companies argue that implementing the CERES Principles only duplicates their current environmental policies and is unduly burdensome. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101. Tobacco (SHP) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proposals relating to tobacco issues are wide-ranging. They include proposals to have a company issue warnings on the environmental risks of tobacco smoke and the risks of smoking-related diseases, as well as proposals to link executive compensation with reductions in teen smoking. a. End Production of Tobacco Products Against -------------------------------------------------------------------- These proposals seek to phase-out all production, promotion and marketing of tobacco products by a specified date. Proponents argue that tobacco companies have acknowledged the serious health risks related to smoking cigarettes yet they continue to distribute them. When evaluating these resolutions, we must consider the company's risks and liabilities associated with those lines of business, and evaluate the overall strategic business plans and how those plans will serve to maximize long-term shareholder value. Because phasing out all tobacco-related operations by a tobacco company is very likely to result in the end of the company, which clearly is not in the best interests of shareholders, we will generally oppose these proposals. b. Spin-off Tobacco-related Business Case-by-case -------------------------------------------------------------------- The motivation for these proposals is generally in line with what we have described immediately above -- proponents seek for the subject company to phase-out all production, promotion and marketing of tobacco products by a specified date, citing health risks and tobacco companies' systemic failure to honestly inform the public about these health risks until recently. The key difference is that, unlike the above type of proposal, which would be put to a company that derives most, if not all, of its revenues from tobacco-related operations, a spin-off proposal would request that a company that derives only a portion (often a substantial portion) of its revenues from tobacco-related operations spinoff its tobacco-related operating segment/subsidiary. When evaluating resolutions requesting a company divest itself from one or more lines of business, we must consider the company's risks and liabilities associated with those lines of business, evaluate the overall strategic business plans and determine how those plans will serve to maximize long-term shareholder value. 4. Conflicts of Interest 4.1 Introduction As a fiduciary, we always must act in our clients' best interests. We strive to avoid even the appearance of a conflict that may compromise the trust our clients have placed in us, and we insist on strict adherence to fiduciary standards and compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws. We have adopted a comprehensive Code of Business Conduct and Ethics ("Code") to help us meet these obligations. As part of this responsibility and as expressed throughout the Code, we place the interests of our clients first and attempt to avoid any perceived or actual conflicts of interest. We recognize that there may be a potential material conflict of interest when we vote a proxy solicited by an issuer whose retirement plan we manage, or we administer, who distributes AllianceBernstein-sponsored mutual funds, or with whom we or an employee has another business or personal relationship that may affect how we vote on the issuer's proxy. Similarly, we may have a potential material conflict of interest when deciding how to vote on a proposal sponsored or supported by a shareholder group that is a client. In order to avoid any perceived or actual conflict of interest, the procedures set forth below in sections 3.2 through 3.7 have been established for use when we encounter a potential conflict to ensure that our voting decisions are based on our clients' best interests and are not the product of a conflict. 4.2 Adherence to Stated Proxy Voting Policies Votes generally are cast in accordance with this policy(3). In situations where our policy is case-by-case, this Manual often provides criteria that will guide our decision. In situations where our policy on a particular issue is case-by-case and the vote cannot be clearly decided by an application of our stated policy, a member of the Proxy Committee or his/her designee will make the voting decision in accordance with the basic principle of our policy to vote proxies with the intention of maximizing the value of the securities in our client accounts. In these situations, the voting rationale must be documented either on the voting platform of ISS, by retaining relevant emails or another appropriate method. Where appropriate, the views of investment professionals are considered. All votes cast contrary to our stated voting policy on specific issues must be documented. On an annual basis, the Proxy Committee will receive a report of all such votes so as to confirm adherence of the policy. -------- (3) From time to time a client may request that we vote their proxies consistent with AFL-CIO guidelines or the policy of the National Association of Pension Funds. In those situations, AllianceBernstein reserves the right to depart from those policies if we believe it to be in the client's best interests. 4.3 Disclosure of Conflicts When considering a proxy proposal, members of the Proxy Committee or investment professionals involved in the decision-making process must disclose to the Proxy Committee any potential conflict (including personal relationships) of which they are aware and any substantive contact that they have had with any interested outside party (including the issuer or shareholder group sponsoring a proposal) regarding the proposal. Any previously unknown conflict will be recorded on the Potential Conflicts List (discussed below). If a member of the Proxy Committee has a conflict of interest, he or she must also remove himself or herself from the decision-making process. 4.4 Potential Conflicts List No less frequently than annually, a list of companies and organizations whose proxies may pose potential conflicts of interest is compiled by the Legal and Compliance Department (the "Potential Conflicts List"). The Potential Conflicts List includes: o Publicly-traded Clients from the Russell 3000 Index, the Morgan Stanley Capital International ("MSCI") Europe Australia Far East Index (MSCI EAFE), the MSCI Canada Index and the MSCI Emerging Markets Index; o Publicly-traded companies that distribute AllianceBernstein mutual funds; o Bernstein private clients who are directors, officers or 10% shareholders of publicly traded companies; o Clients who sponsor, publicly support or have material interest in a proposal upon which we will be eligible to vote; o Publicly-traded affiliated companies; o Companies where an employee of AllianceBernstein or AXA Financial has identified an interest; o Any other conflict of which a Proxy Committee member becomes aware(4). -------- (4) The Proxy Committee must notify the Legal and Compliance Department promptly of any previously unknown conflict. We determine our votes for all meetings of companies on the Potential Conflicts List by applying the tests described in Section 3.6 below. We document all instances when the independent compliance officer determines our vote. 4.5 Determine Existence of Conflict of Interest When we encounter a potential conflict of interest, we review our proposed vote using the following analysis to ensure our voting decision does not generate a conflict of interest: o If our proposed vote is consistent with our Proxy Voting Policy, no further review is necessary. o If our proposed vote is contrary to our Proxy Voting Policy and our client's position on the proposal, no further review is necessary. o If our proposed vote is contrary to our Proxy Voting Policy or is not covered herein, is consistent with our client's position, and is also consistent with the views of ISS, no further review is necessary. o If our proposed vote is contrary to our Proxy Voting Policy or is not covered herein, is consistent with our client's position and is contrary to the views of ISS, the vote will be presented to an independent compliance officer ("ICO"). The ICO will determine whether the proposed vote is reasonable. If the ICO cannot determine that the proposed vote is reasonable, the ICO may instruct AllianceBernstein to refer the votes back to the client(s) or take other actions as the ICO deems appropriate. The ICO's review will be documented using a Proxy Voting Conflict of Interest Form (a copy of which is attached hereto). 4.6 Review of Third Party Research Service Conflicts of Interest We consider the research of ISS, so the Proxy Committee takes reasonable steps to verify that ISS is, in fact, independent based on all of the relevant facts and circumstances. This includes reviewing ISS's conflict management procedures on an annual basis. When reviewing these conflict management procedures, we will consider, among other things, whether ISS (i) has the capacity and competency to adequately analyze proxy issues; and (ii) can offer research in an impartial manner and in the best interests of our clients. 4.7 Confidential Voting It is AllianceBernstein's policy to support confidentiality before the actual vote has been cast. Employees are prohibited from revealing how we intend to vote except to (i) members of the Proxy Committee; (ii) Portfolio managers that hold the security in their managed accounts; (iii) the Research Analyst(s) who cover(s) the security; and (iv) clients, upon request, for the securities held in their portfolio. Once the votes have been cast, they are made public in accordance with mutual fund proxy vote disclosures required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), and we generally post all votes to our public website the quarter after the vote has been cast. We may participate in proxy surveys conducted by shareholder groups or consultants so long as such participation does not compromise our confidential voting policy. Specifically, prior to our required SEC disclosures each year, we may respond to surveys asking about our proxy voting policies, but not any specific votes. After our mutual fund proxy vote disclosures required by the SEC each year have been made public and/or votes have been posted to our public website, we may respond to surveys that cover specific votes in addition to our voting policies. On occasion, clients for whom we do not have proxy voting authority may ask us for advice on proxy votes that they cast. A member of the Proxy Committee or a Proxy Manager may offer such advice subject to an understanding with the client that the advice shall remain confidential. Any substantive contact regarding proxy issues from the issuer, the issuer's agent or a shareholder group sponsoring a proposal must be reported to the Proxy Committee if such contact was material to a decision to vote contrary to this Policy. Routine administrative inquiries from proxy solicitors need not be reported. 4.8 A Note Regarding AllianceBernstein's Structure AllianceBernstein and AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. ("AB Holding") are Delaware limited partnerships. As limited partnerships, neither company is required to produce an annual proxy statement or hold an annual shareholder meeting. In addition, the general partner of AllianceBernstein and AB Holding, AllianceBernstein Corporation, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of AXA, a French holding company for an international group of insurance and related financial services companies. As a result, most of the positions we express in this Proxy Voting Policy are inapplicable to our business. For example, although units in AB Holding are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"), the NYSE Listed Company Manual exempts limited partnerships and controlled companies from compliance with various listing requirements, including the requirement that our board have a majority of independent directors. 5. Voting Transparency We publish our voting records on our website quarterly, 30 days after the end of the previous quarter. Many clients have requested that we provide them with periodic reports on how we voted their proxies. Clients may obtain information about how we voted proxies on their behalf by contacting their Advisor. Alternatively, clients may make a written request to the Chief Compliance Officer. 6. Recordkeeping All of the records referenced below will be kept in an easily accessible place for at least the length of time required by local regulation and custom, and, if such local regulation requires that records are kept for less than five years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on such record, we will follow the U.S. rule of five years. We maintain the vast majority of these records electronically. We will keep paper records, if any, in one of our offices for at least two years. 6.1 Proxy Voting Policy The Proxy Voting Policy shall be maintained in the Legal and Compliance Department and posted on our company intranet and the AllianceBernstein website. 6.2 Proxy Statements Received Regarding Client Securities For U.S. Securities(5), AllianceBernstein relies on the SEC to maintain copies of each proxy statement we receive regarding client securities. For Non-U.S. Securities, we rely on ISS, our proxy voting agent, to retain such proxy statements. -------- (5) U.S. securities are defined as securities of issuers required to make reports pursuant to ss.12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Non-U.S. securities are defined as all other securities. 6.3 Records of Votes Cast on Behalf of Clients Records of votes cast by AllianceBernstein are retained electronically by our proxy voting agent, ISS. 6.4 Records of Clients Requests for Proxy Voting Information Copies of written requests from clients for information on how AllianceBernstein voted their proxies shall be maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department. Responses to written and oral requests for information on how we voted clients' proxies will be kept in the Client Group. 6.5 Documents Prepared by AllianceBernstein that are Material to Voting Decisions The Proxy Committee is responsible for maintaining documents prepared by the Committee or any AllianceBernstein employee that were material to a voting decision. Therefore, where an investment professional's opinion is essential to the voting decision, the recommendation from investment professionals must be made in writing to the Proxy Manager. 7. Proxy Voting Procedures 7.1 Vote Administration In an effort to increase the efficiency of voting proxies, AllianceBernstein uses ISS to act as its voting agent for our clients' holdings globally. Issuers initially send proxy information to the custodians of our client accounts. We instruct these custodian banks to direct proxy related materials to ISS's offices. ISS provides us with research related to each resolution. A Proxy Manager reviews the ballots via ISS's web platform, ProxyExchange (For separately managed account programs, Proxy Managers use Broadridge's ProxyEdge platform.). Using ProxyExchange (or ProxyEdge), the Proxy Manager submits our voting decision. ISS (or Broadridge) then returns the proxy ballot forms to the designated returnee for tabulation. Clients may request that, when voting their proxies, we utilize an ISS recommendation or ISS's Taft-Hartley Voting Policy. If necessary, any paper ballots we receive will be voted online using ProxyVote or via mail or fax. 7.2 Share blocking Proxy voting in certain countries requires "share blocking." Shareholders wishing to vote their proxies must deposit their shares shortly before the date of the meeting (usually one week) with a designated depositary. During this blocking period, shares that will be voted at the meeting cannot be sold until the meeting has taken place and the shares are returned to the clients' custodian banks. We may determine that the value of exercising the vote is outweighed by the detriment of not being able to sell the shares during this period. In cases where we want to retain the ability to trade shares, we may abstain from voting those shares. We seek to vote all proxies for securities held in client accounts for which we have proxy voting authority. However, in some markets administrative issues beyond our control may sometimes prevent us from voting such proxies. For example, we may receive meeting notices after the cut-off date for voting or without enough time to fully consider the proxy. Similarly, proxy materials for some issuers may not contain disclosure sufficient to arrive at a voting decision, in which cases we may abstain from voting. Some markets outside the U.S. require periodic renewals of powers of attorney that local agents must have from our clients prior to implementing our voting instructions. 7.3 Loaned Securities Many of our clients have entered into securities lending arrangements with agent lenders to generate additional revenue. We will not be able to vote securities that are on loan under these types of arrangements. However, under rare circumstances, for voting issues that may have a significant impact on the investment, we may request that clients or custodians recall securities that are on loan if we determine that the benefit of voting outweighs the costs and lost revenue to the client or fund and the administrative burden of retrieving the securities.
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EXHIBIT PROXY COMMITTEE MEMBERS ----------------------- The members of the Proxy Committee establish general proxy policies for AllianceBernstein and consider specific proxy voting matters as necessary. Members include senior investment personnel and representatives of the Legal and Compliance Department. The Proxy Committee is chaired by Linda Giuliano, Senior Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer-Equities. Proxy Committee --------------- Vincent DuPont: SVP-Equities Linda Giuliano: SVP-Equities Saskia Kort: AVP-Equities David Lesser: VP-Legal James MacGregor: SVP-Equities Mark Manley: SVP-Legal Ryan Oden: Equities Anthony Rizzi: VP-Operations
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EXHIBIT PROXY VOTING GUIDELINE SUMMARY ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Shareholder Proposal For Against Case-by-Case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Board and Director Proposals -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in Board Structure and X Amending the Articles of Incorporation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Classified Boards X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Director Liability and X Indemnification -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Disclose CEO Succession Plan X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Election of Directors X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Controlled Company Exemption X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Voting for Director Nominees in a X Contested Election -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Establish Additional Board X Committees -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Independent Lead Director X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Limit Term of Directorship; X Establish Mandatory Retirement Age -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Majority of Independent Directors X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Majority of Independent Directors X on Key Committees -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Majority Votes for Directors X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Prohibit CEOs from Serving on X Compensation Committees -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Removal of Directors Without Cause X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Require Independent Board Chairman X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Require Two Candidates for Each X Board Seat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Stock Ownership Requirement X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Compensation Proposals -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Accelerated Vesting of Equity X Compensation Awards-Change of Control -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Adopt Form of Employment Contract X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Adopt Policies to Prohibit any Death X Benefits to Senior Executives -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Advisory Vote to Ratify Directors' X Compensation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Amend Executive Compensation Plan X tied to Performance (Bonus Banking) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Approve Remuneration for Directors X and Auditors -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Approve Remuneration Reports X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Approve Retirement Bonuses for X Directors (Japan and South Korea) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Approve Special Payments to Continuing X Directors and Auditors (Japan) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Disclose Executive and Director Pay X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Exclude Pension Income from X Performance-based Compensation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Executive and Employee Compensation X Plans -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Limit Dividend Payments to Executives X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Limit Executive Pay X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Mandatory Holding Periods X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Pay Directors Only in Stock X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Performance-based Stock Option Plans X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Prohibit Relocation Benefits to X Senior Executives -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Recovery of Performance-based X Compensation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Single Trigger Change-in-Control X Agreements -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Submit Golden Parachutes/Severance X Plans to a Shareholder Vote -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Submit Golden Parachutes/Severance X Plans to a Shareholder Vote prior to their being Negotiated by Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Submit Option Re-pricing to a X Shareholder Vote -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Submit Survivor Benefit Compensation X Plans to a Shareholder Vote -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Capital Changes and Anti-Take Over Proposals -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Amend Exclusive Forum Bylaw X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Amend Net Operating Loss ("NOL") X Rights Plans -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Authorize Share Repurchase X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Blank Check Preferred Stock X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corporate Restructurings, Merger X Proposals and Spin-offs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Elimination of Preemptive Rights X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Expensing Stock Options X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fair Price Provisions X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Increase Authorized Common Stock X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Issuance of Equity without X Preemptive Rights -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Issuance of Stock with Unequal X Voting Rights -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net Long Position Requirement X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Opt Out of State Anti-takeover Law (US) X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reincorporation X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Reincorporation to Another jurisdiction X to Permit Majority Voting or Other Changes in Corporate Governance -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stock Splits X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Submit Company's Shareholder Rights X Plan to a Shareholder Vote -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transferrable Stock Options X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Auditor Proposals -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Appointment of Auditors X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Approval of Financial Statements X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Approval of Internal Statutory Auditors X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Limit Compensation Consultant Services X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Limitation of Liability of External X Statutory Auditors (Japan) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Separating Auditors and Consultants X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Shareholder Access & Voting Proposals -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X A Shareholder's Right to Call Special X Meetings -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Adopt Cumulative Voting X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Adopt Cumulative Voting in Dual X Shareholder Class Structures -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Early Disclosure of Voting Results X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Implement Confidential Voting X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Limiting a Shareholder's Right to X Call Special Meetings -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Permit a Shareholder's Right to Act X by Written Consent -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Proxy Access for Annual Meetings X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reduce Meeting Notification from 21 X Days to 14 Days (U.K.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Rotation of Locale for Annual Meeting X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Shareholder Proponent Engagement Process X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Supermajority Vote Requirements X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Environmental & Social, Disclosure Proposals -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Adopt a Special Corporate Policy for X SEC Rule 1b5-1 and Other Trading Plans -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Adopt Guidelines for Country Selection X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Amend EEO Statement to Include a X Reference to Sexual Orientation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Animal Testing X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Anti-Greenmail Proposal X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Charitable Contributions X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Genetically Altered or Engineered Food X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Global Labor Standards X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Global Warming; Reduction of Greenhouse X Gas Emissions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Implement the MacBride Principles X (Northern Ireland) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Include Sustainability as a X Performance Measure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Military Issues X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Nuclear Waste Disposal X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Business X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Pharmaceutical Pricing X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Plant Closings X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Reimbursement of Shareholder Proposal X Expenses -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Report on Collateral in Derivatives X Trading -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Report on Pay Disparity X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Report on Water Pollution Prevention X Measures -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Report on Workplace Diversity and/or X Employment Policies -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Reporting Political Contributions; X Lobbying Expenses -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Submit Political Spending Program to X Shareholder Advisory Vote -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Sustainability Report X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X The CERES Principles X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tobacco -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X End Production of Tobacco Products X -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X Spin-off Tobacco-related Business X --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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EXHIBIT PROXY VOTING CONFLICT OF INTEREST FORM -------------------------------------- ___________ __________ Name of | | Date of | | Security |___________| Shareholder | | Meeting |__________| Short description of the conflict (client, mutual fund distributor, etc.): -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Is our proposed vote on all issues consistent with our stated proxy voting policy? [_] Yes [_] No If yes, stop here and sign below as no further review is necessary. 2. Is our proposed vote contrary to our client's position? [_] Yes [_] No If yes, stop here and sign below as no further review is necessary. 3. Is our proposed vote consistent with the views of Institutional Shareholder Services? [_] Yes [_] No If yes, stop here and sign below as no further review is necessary. Please attach a memo containing the following information and documentation supporting the proxy voting decision: [_] A list of the issue(s) where our proposed vote is contrary to our stated policy (director election, cumulative voting, equity compensation plan, etc. [_] A description of any substantive contact with any interested outside party and a proxy voting committee or an AllianceBernstein investment professional that was material to our voting decision. Please include date, attendees, titles, organization they represent and topics discussed. If there was no such contact, please note as such. [_] If the Independent Compliance Officer has NOT determined that the proposed vote is reasonable, please explain and indicate what action has been, or will be taken. Independent Compliance Officer Approval Prepared by: (if necessary. Email approval is acceptable.): ------------------------ I hereby confirm that the proxy voting decision referenced on this form is reasonable. -------------------------------- Philip Kirstein Print Name: (______________________) Date: __________________ Date: __________________ Please return this completed form and all supporting documentation to the Conflicts Officer in the Legal and Compliance Department and keep a copy for your records.
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EXHIBIT STATEMENT OF POLICY REGARDING RESPONSIBLE INVESTMENT ---------------------------------------------------- Principles for Responsible Investment, ESG, and Socially Responsible Investment 1. Introduction AllianceBernstein L.P. ("AllianceBernstein" or "we") is appointed by our clients as an investment manager with a fiduciary responsibility to help them achieve their investment objectives over the long term. Generally, our clients' objective is to maximize the financial return of their portfolios within appropriate risk parameters. AllianceBernstein has long recognized that environmental, social and governance ("ESG") issues can impact the performance of investment portfolios. Accordingly, we have sought to integrate ESG factors into our investment process to the extent that the integration of such factors is consistent with our fiduciary duty to help our clients achieve their investment objectives and protect their economic interests. Our policy draws a distinction between how the Principles for Responsible Investment ("PRI" or "Principles"), and Socially Responsible Investing ("SRI") incorporate ESG factors. PRI is based on the premise that, because ESG issues can affect investment performance, appropriate consideration of ESG issues and engagement regarding them is firmly within the bounds of a mainstream investment manager's fiduciary duties to its clients. Furthermore, PRI is intended to be applied only in ways that are consistent with those mainstream fiduciary duties. SRI, which refers to a spectrum of investment strategies that seek to integrate ethical, moral, sustainability and other non-financial factors into the investment process, generally involves exclusion and/or divestment, as well as investment guidelines that restrict investments. AllianceBernstein may accept such guideline restrictions upon client request. 2. Approach to ESG Our long-standing policy has been to include ESG factors in our extensive fundamental research and consider them carefully when we believe they are material to our forecasts and investment decisions. If we determine that these aspects of an issuer's past, current or anticipated behavior are material to its future expected returns, we address these concerns in our forecasts, research reviews, investment decisions and engagement. In addition, we have well-developed proxy voting policies that incorporate ESG issues and engagement. 3. Commitment to the PRI In recent years, we have gained greater clarity on how the PRI initiative, based on information from PRI Advisory Council members and from other signatories, provides a framework for incorporating ESG factors into investment research and decision-making. Furthermore, our industry has become, over time, more aware of the importance of ESG factors. We acknowledge these developments and seek to refine what has been our process in this area. After careful consideration, we determined that becoming a PRI signatory would enhance our current ESG practices and align with our fiduciary duties to our clients as a mainstream investment manager. Accordingly, we became a signatory, effective November 1, 2011. In signing the PRI, AllianceBernstein as an investment manager publicly commits to adopt and implement all six Principles, where consistent with our fiduciary responsibilities, and to make progress over time on implementation of the Principles. The six Principles are: 1. We will incorporate ESG issues into investment research and decision-making processes. AllianceBernstein Examples: ESG issues are included in the research analysis process. In some cases, external service providers of ESG-related tools are utilized; we have conducted proxy voting training and will have continued and expanded training for investment professionals to incorporate ESG issues into investment analysis and decision-making processes across our firm. 2. We will be active owners and incorporate ESG issues into our ownership policies and practices. AllianceBernstein Examples: We are active owners through our proxy voting process (for additional information, please refer to our Statement of Policies and Procedures for Proxy Voting Manual); we engage issuers on ESG matters in our investment research process (we define "engagement" as discussions with management about ESG issues when they are, or we believe they are reasonably likely to become, material). 3. We will seek appropriate disclosure on ESG issues by the entities in which we invest. AllianceBernstein Examples: Generally, we support transparency regarding ESG issues when we conclude the disclosure is reasonable. Similarly, in proxy voting, we will support shareholder initiatives and resolutions promoting ESG disclosure when we conclude the disclosure is reasonable. 4. We will promote acceptance and implementation of the Principles within the investment industry. AllianceBernstein Examples: By signing the PRI, we have taken an important first step in promoting acceptance and implementation of the six Principles within our industry. 5. We will work together to enhance our effectiveness in implementing the Principles. AllianceBernstein Examples: We will engage with clients and participate in forums with other PRI signatories to better understand how the PRI are applied in our respective businesses. As a PRI signatory, we have access to information, tools and other signatories to help ensure that we are effective in our endeavors to implement the PRI. 6. We will report on our activities and progress towards implementing the Principles. AllianceBernstein Examples: We will respond to the 2012 PRI questionnaire and disclose PRI scores from the questionnaire in response to inquiries from clients and in requests for proposals; we will provide examples as requested concerning active ownership activities (voting, engagement or policy dialogue). 4. RI Committee Our firm's RI Committee provides AllianceBernstein stakeholders, including employees, clients, prospects, consultants and service providers alike, with a resource within our firm on which they can rely for information regarding our approach to ESG issues and how those issues are incorporated in different ways by the PRI and SRI. Additionally, the RI Committee is responsible for assisting AllianceBernstein personnel to further implement our firm's RI policies and practices, and, over time, to make progress on implementing all six Principles. The RI Committee has a diverse membership, including senior representatives from investments, distribution/sales and legal. The Committee is chaired by Linda Giuliano, Senior Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer-Equities. If you have questions or desire additional information about this Policy, we encourage you to contact the RI Committee at RIinquiries@alliancebernstein.com or reach out to a Committee member: Travis Allen: SVP-Private Client, Washington, DC Erin Bigley: SVP-Fixed Income, New York Valerie Brown: SVP-Equities, New York Nicholas Davidson: SVP-Value, London Paul DeNoon: SVP-Fixed Income, New York Linda Giuliano: SVP-Equities, New York Saskia Kort: AVP-Equities, London Christopher Kotowicz: SVP-Growth, Chicago David Lesser: VP-Legal, New York Mark Manley: SVP-Legal, New York Takuji Oya: SVP-Growth, Japan Guy Prochilo: SVP-Institutional Investments, New York Nitish Sharma: SVP- Institutional Investments, Australia Liz Smith: SVP-Institutional Investments, New York Willem Van Gijzen: VP-Institutional Investments, Netherlands James Wallin: SVP-Fixed Income, New York
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PART C OTHER INFORMATION ITEM 28. Exhibits (a) (1) Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Registrant dated February 1, 2006 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-37177 and 811-08403), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2006. (2) Articles of Amendment of the Registrant dated February 5, 2007 -Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (b) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-37177 and 811-08403), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 29, 2008. (3) Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant dated January 20, 2015 - Filed herewith. (b) Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (b) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-37177 and 811-08403), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2006. (c) Not applicable. (d) Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and AllianceBernstein L.P. as amended July 20, 2000 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-37177 and 811-08403), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2005. (e) (1) Distribution Services Agreement between the Registrant and AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (e)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-37177 and 811-08403), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 15, 1998. (2) Form of Selected Dealer Agreement between AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. and selected dealers offering shares of the Registrant - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (e)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of AllianceBernstein Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (File Nos.33-07812 and 811-04791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 28, 2005. (3) Form of Selected Agent Agreement between AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. and selected agents making available shares of the Registrant - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (e)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of AllianceBernstein Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (File Nos. 33-07812 and 811-04791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 28, 2005. (f) Not applicable. (g) Master Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company, effective August 3, 2009 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (g) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 51 of the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of AllianceBernstein Variable Products Series Fund, Inc. (File Nos. 33-18647 and 811-05398), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2010. (h) (1) Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-37177 and 811-08403), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 15, 1998. (2) Expense Limitation Undertaking by AllianceBernstein L.P. with respect to AllianceBernstein Premier Growth Institutional Fund - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(2) to Post Effective Amendment No. 4 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-37177 and 811-08403), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 29, 2000. (3) Expense Limitation Undertaking by AllianceBernstein L.P. with respect to AllianceBernstein Real Estate Institutional Fund - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(4) to Post Effective Amendment No. 4 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-37177 and 811-08403), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 29, 2000. (i) Opinion and Consent of Seward & Kissel LLP - Filed herewith. (j) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - Filed herewith. (k) Not applicable. (l) Investment representation letter of AllianceBernstein L.P. - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 13 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-37177 and 811-08403), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 14, 1997. (m) Rule 12b-1 Plan - See Exhibit (e)(1). (n) Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (n) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 12 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-37177 and 811-08403), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2004. (o) Reserved. (p) (1) Code of Ethics relating to AllianceBernstein Institutional Funds, Inc. - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (p)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-37177 and 811-08403), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 6, 2000. (2) Code of Ethics relating to AllianceBernstein L.P. and AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (p)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 of the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of AllianceBernstein Cap Fund, Inc. (File Nos. 2-29901 and 811-01716), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2014. Other Exhibits: Powers of Attorney for: John H. Dobkin, Michael J. Downey, William H. Foulk, Jr., D. James Guzy, Nancy P. Jacklin, Robert M. Keith, Garry L. Moody, Marshall C. Turner, Jr. and Earl D. Weiner - Incorporated by reference to Other Exhibits to Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-37177 and 811-08403), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 31, 2014). ITEM 29. Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with the Fund. None. ITEM 30. Indemnification. It is the Registrant's policy to indemnify its directors and officers, employees and other agents to the maximum extent permitted by Section 2-418 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Maryland, and as set forth in Article EIGHTH of Registrant's Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Articles of Incorporation, filed as Exhibit (a) hereto, Article IX of Registrant's Amended and Restated By-Laws, filed as Exhibit (b) hereto, and Section 10 of the Distribution Services Agreement, filed as Exhibit (e)(1) hereto. The Adviser's liability for any loss suffered by the Registrant or its shareholders is set forth in Section 4 of the Advisory Agreement, filed as Exhibit (d) hereto. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. In accordance with Release No. IC-11330 (September 2, 1980), the Registrant will indemnify its directors, officers, investment manager and principal underwriters only if (1) a final decision on the merits was issued by the court or other body before whom the proceeding was brought that the person to be indemnified (the "indemnitee") was not liable by reason or willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office ("disabling conduct") or (2) a reasonable determination is made, based upon a review of the facts, that the indemnitee was not liable by reason of disabling conduct, by (a) the vote of a majority of a quorum of the directors who are neither "interested persons" of the Registrant as defined in section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 nor parties to the proceeding ("disinterested, non-party directors"), or (b) an independent legal counsel in a written opinion. The Registrant will advance attorneys fees or other expenses incurred by its directors, officers, investment adviser or principal underwriters in defending a proceeding, upon the undertaking by or on behalf of the indemnitee to repay the advance unless it is ultimately determined that he is entitled to indemnification and, as a condition to the advance, (1) the indemnitee shall provide a security for his undertaking, (2) the Registrant shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or (3) a majority of a quorum of disinterested, non-party directors of the Registrant, or an independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall determine, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the indemnitee ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification. The Registrant participates in a joint directors' liability insurance policy issued by the ICI Mutual Insurance Company. Under this policy, outside trustees and directors are covered up to the limits specified for any claim against them for acts committed in their capacities as trustee or director. A pro rata share of the premium for this coverage is charged to each participating investment company. In addition, the Adviser's liability insurance policy, which is issued by a number of underwriters, including Greenwich Insurance Company as primary underwriter, extends to officers of the Registrant and such officers are covered up to the limits specified for any claim against them for acts committed in their capacities as officers of the investment companies sponsored by the Adviser. ITEM 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser. The descriptions of AllianceBernstein L.P. under the caption "Management of the Funds" in the Prospectus and in the Statement of Additional Information constituting Parts A and B, respectively, of this Registration Statement are incorporated by reference herein. The information as to the directors and executive officers of AllianceBernstein L.P., set forth in its Form ADV filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2014 (File No. 801-56720) and amended through the date hereof, is incorporated by reference. ITEM 32. Principal Underwriters. (a) AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. ("ABI"), the Registrant's Principal Underwriter in connection with the sale of shares of the Registrant. ABI is the Principal Underwriter or Distributor for the following investment companies: AB Blended Style Series, Inc. AB Bond Fund, Inc. AB Cap Fund, Inc. AB Core Opportunities Fund, Inc. AB Corporate Shares AB Discovery Growth Fund, Inc. AB Equity Income Fund, Inc. AB Exchange Reserves AB Fixed-Income Shares, Inc. AB Global Bond Fund, Inc. AB Global Real Estate Investment Fund, Inc. AB Global Risk Allocation Fund, Inc. AB Global Thematic Growth Fund, Inc. AB Growth and Income Fund, Inc. AB High Income Fund, Inc. AB Intermediate California Municipal Portfolio1 AB Intermediate Diversified Municipal Portfolio1 AB Intermediate New York Municipal Portfolio1 AB International Portfolio1 AB International Growth Fund, Inc. AB Large Cap Growth Fund, Inc. AB Municipal Income Fund, Inc. AB Municipal Income Fund II AB Short Duration Portfolio1 AB Tax-Managed International Portfolio1 AB Trust AB Unconstrained Bond Fund, Inc. AllianceBernstein Variable Products Series Fund, Inc. Sanford C. Bernstein Fund II, Inc. The AB Pooling Portfolios The AB Portfolios ------------------------ 1 This is a retail Portfolio of Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc. which consists of Classes A, B and C shares. (b) The following are the Directors and Officers of ABI, the principal place of business of which is 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105. POSITIONS AND POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH OFFICES WITH NAME UNDERWRITER REGISTRANT ---- ------------ ------------- Directors --------- Robert M. Keith Director and President President and Chief Executive Officer Mark R. Manley Director and Secretary Officers -------- Emilie D. Wrapp Senior Vice President, Secretary Assistant General Counsel and Assistant Secretary Laurence H. Bertan Senior Vice President and Assistant Secretary Peter G. Callahan Senior Vice President Kevin T. Cannon Senior Vice President Russell R. Corby Senior Vice President John W. Cronin Senior Vice President John C. Endahl Senior Vice President John Edward English Senior Vice President Daniel Ennis Senior Vice President Edward J. Farrell Senior Vice President and Controller Mark A. Gessner Senior Vice President Kenneth L. Haman Senior Vice President Michael S. Hart Senior Vice President Scott Hutton Senior Vice President Ajai M. Kaul Senior Vice President Hiroshi Kimura Senior Vice President Eric L. Levinson Senior Vice President James M. Liptrot Senior Vice President and Assistant Controller William Marsalise Senior Vice President Joanna D. Murray Senior Vice President Daniel A. Notto Senior Vice President, Counsel and Assistant Secretary John J. O'Connor Senior Vice President Suchet Padhye (Pandurang) Senior Vice President Guy Prochilo Senior Vice President John D. Prosperi Senior Vice President Miguel A. Rozensztroch Senior Vice President Stephen C. Scanlon Senior Vice President John P. Schmidt Senior Vice President Elizabeth M. Smith Senior Vice President Peter J. Szabo Senior Vice President Joseph T. Tocyloski Senior Vice President Christian G. Wilson Senior Vice President Derek Yung Senior Vice President Aimee K. Alati Vice President Constantin L. Andreae Vice President DeAnna D. Beedy Vice President Christopher M. Berenbroick Vice President Chris Boeker Vice President Brandon W. Born Vice President James J. Bracken Vice President Robert A. Brazofsky Vice President Richard A. Brink Vice President Shaun D. Bromley Vice President Brian Buehring Vice President Michael A. Capella Vice President Laura A. Channell Vice President Mikhail Cheskis Vice President Nelson Kin Hung Chow Vice President Flora Chuang Vice President Peter T. Collins Vice President Dwight P. Cornell Vice President Silvio Cruz Vice President Kevin M. Dausch Vice President Christine M. Dehil Vice President Marc J. Della Pia Vice President Patrick R. Denis Vice President Ralph A. DiMeglio Vice President Joseph T. Dominguez Vice President Barbara Anne Donovan Vice President Robert Dryzgula Vice President Arend J. Elston Vice President Gregory M. Erwinski Vice President Michael J. Ferraro Vice President Andrew H. Fischer Vice President Susan A. Flanagan Vice President Robert K. Forrester Vice President Yuko Funato Vice President Mark C. Glatley Vice President Stefanie M. Gonzalez Vice President Kimberly A. Collins Gorab Vice President Brian P. Hanna Vice President Kenneth Handler Vice President Terry L. Harris Vice President Olivier Herson Vice President Eric S. Indovina Vice President Tina Kao Vice President Jang Joong Kim Vice President Scott M. Krauthamer Vice President Stephen J. Laffey Vice President and Assistant Secretary Counsel Christopher J. Larkin Vice President Chang Hyun Lee Vice President Ginnie Li Vice President Jonathan M. Liang Vice President Karen (Yeow Ping) Lim Vice President Darren L. Luckfield Vice President Matthew J. Malvey Vice President Robert Mancini Vice President Todd Mann Vice President Silvia Manz Vice President Russell B. Martin Vice President Nicola Meotti Vice President Yuji Mihashi Vice President David Mitchell Vice President Paul S. Moyer Vice President Juan Mujica Vice President Jennifer A. Mulhall Vice President John F. Multhauf Vice President Robert D. Nelms Vice President Jamie A. Nieradka Vice President Alex E. Pady Vice President David D. Paich Vice President Kimchu Perrington Vice President Jared M. Piche Vice President Jeffrey Pietragallo Vice President Joseph J. Proscia Vice President Damien Ramondo Vice President Carol H. Rappa Vice President Jessie A. Reich Vice President Lauryn A. Rivello Vice President Patricia A. Roberts Vice President Claudio Rondolini Vice President Gregory M. Rosta Vice President and Assistant Secretary Karen Sirett Vice President John F. Skahan Vice President Orlando Soler Vice President Chang Min Song Vice President Daniel L. Stack Vice President Jason P. Stevens Vice President Peter Stiefel Vice President Sharon Su Vice President Atsuko Takeuchi Vice President Scott M. Tatum Vice President Laura L. Tocchet Vice President Louis L. Tousignant Vice President Ming (Ming Kai) Tung Vice President Christian B. Verlingo Vice President Wendy Weng Vice President Stephen M. Woetzel Vice President Assistant Controller Chapman Tsan Man Wong Vice President Joanna Wong (Chun-Yen) Vice President Isabelle (Hsin-I) Yen Vice President Oscar Zarazua Vice President Martin J. Zayac Vice President Corey S. Beckerman Assistant Vice President Claudio Roberto Bello Assistant Vice President Roy C. Bentzen Assistant Vice President James M. Broderick Assistant Vice President Christopher J. Carrelha Assistant Vice President Daisy (Sze Kie) Chung Assistant Vice President Francesca Dattola Assistant Vice President Robert A. Fiorentino Assistant Vice President Friederike Grote Assistant Vice President Joseph Haag Assistant Vice President Gregory R. Handrahan Assistant Vice President Brian M. Horvath Assistant Vice President Sylvia Hsu Assistant Vice President Isabelle Husson Assistant Vice President Junko Kimura Assistant Vice President Aaron S. Kravitz Assistant Vice President Jim Liu Assistant Vice President Mark J. Maier Assistant Vice President Rachel A. Moon Assistant Vice President Nora E. Murphy Assistant Vice President Charissa A. Pal Assistant Vice President Brian W. Paulson Assistant Vice President Pablo Perez Assistant Vice President Tricia L. Psychas Assistant Vice President Mark A. Quarno Assistant Vice President Jennifer B. Robinson Assistant Vice President Richard A. Schwam Assistant Vice President Nicholas A. Semko Assistant Vice President Chizu Soga Assistant Vice President Michiyo Tanaka Assistant Vice President Miyako Taniguchi Assistant Vice President Laurence Vandecasteele Assistant Vice President Annabelle C. Watson Assistant Vice President Jeffrey Western Assistant Vice President William Wielgolewski Assistant Vice President Matthew J. Wrzesniewsky Assistant Vice President Colin T. Burke Assistant Secretary (c) Not applicable. ITEM 33. Location of Accounts and Records. The majority of the accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules thereunder are maintained as follows: journals, ledgers, securities records and other original records are maintained principally at the offices of AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc., P.O. Box 786003, San Antonio, Texas 78278-6003 and at the offices of State Street Bank and Trust Company, the Registrant's custodian, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111. All other records so required to be maintained are maintained at the offices of AllianceBernstein L.P., 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105. ITEM 34. Management Services. Not applicable. ITEM 35. Undertakings. Not applicable.
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SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Amendment to its Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of New York and the State of New York, on the 30th day of January, 2015. AB INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS, INC. By: Robert M. Keith* ------------------ Robert M. Keith President Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated. Signature Title Date --------- ----- ---- (1) Principal Executive Officer: Robert M. Keith* President and Chief January 30, 2015 ---------------- Executive Officer Robert M. Keith (2) Principal Financial and Accounting Officer: /s/ Joseph J. Mantineo Treasurer January 30, 2015 ---------------------- and Chief Financial Joseph J. Mantineo Officer (3) All of the Directors: --------------------- John H. Dobkin* Michael J. Downey* William H. Foulk, Jr.* D. James Guzy* Nancy P. Jacklin* Robert M. Keith * Garry L. Moody* Marshall C. Turner, Jr* Earl D. Weiner* *By: /s/ Stephen J. Laffey January 30, 2015 ---------------------- Stephen J. Laffey (Attorney-in-Fact)
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Index to Exhibits Exhibit No. Description of Exhibits (a)(3) Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation (i) Opinion and Consent of Seward & Kissel LLP (j) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm SK 00250 0157 6319946

Dates Referenced Herein   and   Documents Incorporated by Reference

Referenced-On Page
This ‘485BPOS’ Filing    Date First  Last      Other Filings
Filed on / Effective on:1/30/15140
1/20/153239497
1/8/1532
1/7/1533N-CSR
12/31/14832
10/31/142233N-CSR,  NSAR-B
9/30/142232
3/31/1439
2/26/1439
1/31/1439485BPOS,  497K,  N-Q
10/31/133224F-2NT,  N-CSR,  NSAR-B
5/2/1332
10/31/123224F-2NT,  N-CSR,  NSAR-B
1/1/1232
11/1/1138
4/29/1039
8/3/0939
12/31/0822
2/29/0839485BPOS,  497
3/1/0732485BPOS
2/5/0739
2/28/0639485BPOS,  497
2/1/0639
2/25/0539485BPOS
1/28/0539
10/31/043424F-2NT,  N-CSR,  NSAR-B
9/7/0432
2/27/0439485BPOS
3/31/0332
9/11/0132
5/21/0132497
10/6/0039485BPOS
7/20/0039
2/29/0039485BPOS
12/15/9839485APOS
11/14/973239497J,  N-1A/A
10/3/9732N-1A EL,  N-8A
 List all Filings 


4 Subsequent Filings that Reference this Filing

  As Of               Filer                 Filing    For·On·As Docs:Size             Issuer                      Filing Agent

 1/26/24  AB Institutional Funds Inc.       485BPOS     1/31/24   15:2.3M                                   Seward & Kissel LLP
 1/27/23  AB Institutional Funds Inc.       485BPOS     1/31/23   14:2.2M                                   Seward & Kissel LLP
 1/28/22  AB Institutional Funds Inc.       485BPOS     1/31/22   16:2.2M                                   Seward & Kissel LLP
 1/28/21  AB Institutional Funds Inc.       485BPOS     1/29/21   19:2.7M                                   Seward & Kissel LLP
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